Growth of religion

2017:, high birth rates were cited as the reason for the Muslim population growth. With 3.1 children per woman, Muslims have higher fertility levels than the world's overall population between 2010 and 2015. High fertility is a major driver of projected Muslim population growth around the world and in particular regions. Between 2010 and 2015, with exception of the Middle East and North Africa, Muslim fertility of any other region in the world was higher than the rate for the region as a whole. While Muslim birth rates are expected to experience a decline, it will remain above replacement level and higher fertility than the world's overall by 2050. As per U.N.'s global population forecasts, as well as the Pew Research projections, over time fertility rates generally converge toward the replacement level. Globally, Muslims were younger (median age of 23) than the overall population (median age of 28) as of 2010. While decline of Muslim birth rates in coming years have also been well documented. According to 2814:, by 2050 unaffiliated or nonreligious are expected to account for 27% of North America total population (up from 17.1% as in 2010), and 23% of Europe total population (up from 18% as in 2010). The religiously unaffiliated are stationed largely in the Asia-Pacific region, where 76% resided in that region in 2010, and is expected to be 68% by 2050. The share of the global unaffiliated population living in Europe is projected to grow from 12% in 2010 to 13% in 2050. The proportion of the global religiously unaffiliated living in North America will rise from 5% in 2010, to 9% in 2050. According to the Pew Research Center, religious conversion may have a modest impact on religiously unaffiliated population between 2010 and 2050; religiously unaffiliated are expected to gain 61 million adherents. The largest net movement is expected to be into the religiously unaffiliated category between 2010 and 2050. 2057:(2.9 million). The study also reveals that, due to young age & relatively high fertility rate among Muslims by 2050 there will be near parity between Muslims (2.8 billion, or 30% of the population) and Christians (2.9 billion, or 31%), possibly for the first time in history. While both religions will grow but Muslim population will exceed the Christian population and by 2100, Muslim population (35%) will be 1% more than the Christian population (34%). By the end of 2100 Muslims are expected to outnumber Christians. According to the same study, Muslims population growth is twice of world's overall population growth due to young age and relatively high fertility rate and as a result Muslims are projected to rise to 30% (2050) of the world's population from 23% (2010). 2358:. Under Islamic law, Muslims are required to pay Zakat, one of the five pillars of Islam. Muslims take 2.5% out of their salaries and use the funds give to the needy. Since non-Muslims are not required to pay Zakat nor entitled to benefit from it, they had to support their own poor and in addition they had to pay Jizya if they wanted the same protections the Muslims received. In India, Islam was brought by various traders and rulers from Afghanistan and other places. According to other scholars, many converted for a whole host of reasons, the main statement of which was evangelization by Muslims, though there were several instances where some were pressured to convert owing to internal violence and friction between the Christian and Muslim communities, according to historian 2681:-majority countries, considered by some scholars and watch agencies as a case of attempted genocide. Meanwhile in other times or places the religion has experienced surges in growth. Before it was banned in certain countries, the religion "hugely increased" in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1989 the Universal House of Justice named Bolivia, Bangladesh, Haiti, India, Liberia, Peru, the Philippines, and Taiwan as countries where growth in the religion had been notable in the previous decades. Bahá'í sources state "more than five million" Bahá'ís in 1991-2. However, since around 2001 the Universal House of Justice has prioritized statistics of the community by their levels of activity rather than simply their population of avowed adherents or numbers of local assemblies. 712: 2724: 315: 1463: 1759: 2412: 2645: 870: 4978:

but even in those surveys, it is difficult to assess whether more people leave Islam than enter the faith. In some countries, legal and social consequences make conversion difficult, and survey respondents may be reluctant to speak honestly about the topic. Additionally, for many Muslims, Islam is not just a religion but an ethnic or cultural identity that does not depend on whether a person actively practices the faith. This means that even nonpracticing or secular Muslims may still consider themselves, and be viewed by their neighbors, as Muslims.

460: 2829: 2257: 2211:(20%) the Middle East and North Africa, and 2% in Europe. As per the Pew Research study, Muslim populations will grow in absolute number in all regions of the world between 2010 and 2050. The Muslim population in the Asia-Pacific region is expected to reach nearly 1.5 billion by 2050, up from roughly 1 billion in 2010. The growth of Muslims is also expected in the Middle East-North Africa region, It is projected to increase from about 300 million in 2010 to more than 550 million in 2050. Besides, the 2965: 2029: 2673:

with a widespread international distribution. Most of the growth in the late 20th century was seeded out of North America by means of the planned migration of individuals. Yet, rather than being a cultural spread from either Iran or North America, in 2001, sociologist David Barrett wrote that the Baháʼí Faith is, "A world religion with no racial or national focus". However, the growth has not been even. From the late 1920s to the late 1980s the religion was harassed and banned in the Soviet-led

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population has the lowest gender balance in India, with only 903 women per 1,000 men according to the 2011 Indian census, although the sex ratio at birth for Indian Sikhs has rapidly improved from 130 male births per 100 female births in 2001 to 110 male births per 100 female births in 2019-21, now only slightly above the average for India as a whole (108 male births per female births). In contrast to the religion's slowing growth in India, Sikhism is the fastest growing religion in

1419:, Christianity is declining in the United States while non-Christian faiths are growing. The 2014 Religious Landscape Study finds a large majority (87.6%) of those who were raised as Christians in the United States still identify as such, while the rest who no longer identify as Christians mostly identify as religiously unaffiliated, and the number of those leaving Christianity in the United States is greater than the number of converts; however, the number of those convert to 930:, and for Indonesia as a whole the proportion of Chinese who were Catholics rose from 2 percent in 1957 to 6 percent in 1969". Professor Aris Ananta reported in 2008 that "anecdotal evidence suggests that more Buddhist Chinese have become Christians as they increased their standards of education, because Christianity, unlike Buddhism, is often associated with 'modernity' and Western education", although there are no stats to support this. According to a poll conducted by the 1068: 2546: 1630: 1799: 704:

In 2010, 26% of the world's Christians lived in Europe, followed by 24.4% in Latin America and the Caribbean, 23.8% in Sub-Saharan Africa, 13.2% in Asia and the Pacific, 12.3% in North America, and 1% in the Middle East and North Africa. The study also suggested that by 2050, the global Christian population will change considerably. By 2050, 38% of the world's Christians will live in the Sub-Saharan Africa, followed by 23% in Latin America and

2629: 1064:, which lead some Muslims to look towards other religions such as Christianity through evangelical activity in the visual and audio media, as well as irreligion. Many Muslims who convert to Christianity face social and governmental persecution. Khalil Bilici, while admitting that the limitations of their 2007 study database are too small, found a good number of Middle Eastern people are likely to convert to Christianity after leaving Islam. 2025:. Based on the data from 49 Muslim-majority countries and territories, he found that Muslims' birth rate has significantly dropped for 41% between 1975 and 1980 to 2005–10 while the global population decline was 33% during that period. It also stated that over a 50% decline was found in 22 Muslim countries and over a 60% decline in Iran, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Bangladesh, Tunisia, Libya, Albania, Qatar and Kuwait. 3057:'. One-fifth of the decrease in population is attributed to migration. A slower birthrate than deathrate accounts for the rest: as of 2001, Parsis over the age of 60 make up for 31% of the community. Only 4.7% of the Parsi community are under 6 years of age, which translates to 7 births per year per 1,000 individuals. Concerns have been raised in recent years over the rapidly declining population of the Parsi community in India. 1983:, the number of American converts to Islam is roughly equal to the number of American Muslims who leave Islam and this is unlike other religions in the United States where the number of those who leave these religions is greater than the number of those who convert to it, and most people who leave Islam become unaffiliated, according to same study ex-Muslims were more likely to be Christians compare to ex-Hindus or ex-Jews. 2787:, and Mexico. According to statistics in Canada, the number of "Nones" increased by about 60% between 1985 and 2004. In Australia, census data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics give "no religion" the largest gains in absolute numbers over the 15 years from 1991 to 2006, from 2,948,888 (18.2% of the population that answered the question) to 3,706,555 (21.0% of the population that answered the question). According to 1987: 157: 4960:

disaffiliation in many Muslim-majority countries, up to and including the death penalty for apostasy. It is possible that in the future, these societies could allow for greater freedom to religiously disaffiliate. The demographic projections in this report do not seek to predict the likelihood of such changes in political and social dynamics, or to model what the consequences might be.

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2050. It is expected to increase up to 62 million by 2100, given that the anticipated growth rate of 1.7% per year and adding at least 400,000 followers annually. By 2050, according to Pew research center based on growth rate of current Sikh population between (2001–2011), India will have 27,129,086 Sikhs by half-century which will be more than that of any country including the

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these Christians are evangelicals. Recent estimates say that the number might have climbed up to somewhere between one million and three million. This is up from 100,000 in 1994, and a majority of these converts are reportedly women. A recent documentary, Sheep among Wolves, documents the lives of these converts and shows how Iran is the "fastest-growing church" in the world.

10746:"religious forces were infiltrating colleges." With the support of "overseas religious forces," it said, there was a rapid growth in Christianity among university students. It said Christian fellowships on campus mostly refused to succumb to the leadership of the state-backed churches and thus posed "a problem" in the government's administration of religious affairs. 996:(France going from 2% to 3% of the population). In Brazil, the total number of Protestants jumped from 16.2% in 2000 to 22.2% in 2010 (for the first time, the percentage of Catholics in Brazil is less than 70%). These cases do not contribute to a growth of Christianity overall, but rather to a substitution of a brand of Christianity with another one. 14041:"The Zoroastrians who remained in Persia (modern Iran) after the Arab–Muslim conquest (7th century CE) had a long history as outcasts. Although they purchased some toleration by paying the jizya (poll tax), not abolished until 1882, they were treated as an inferior race, had to wear distinctive garb, and were not allowed to ride horses or bear arms." 15666: 2950:, as the fastest growing spiritual identification in America". Mary Jones says Wicca is one of the fastest-growing religions in the United States as well. Wicca, which is largely a "Pagan" religion primarily attracts followers of nature-based religions in, as an example, the Southeast Valley region of the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area. 3053:, there are a "variety of causes that are responsible for this steady decline in the population of the community", the most significant of which were childlessness and migration- Demographic trends project that by the year 2020 the Parsis will number only 23,000. The Parsis will then cease to be called a community and will be labeled a ' 16871: 306:

same study Buddhists "are projected to decline in absolute number, dropping 7% from nearly 500 million in 2015 to 462 million in 2060. Low fertility rates and aging populations in countries such as China, Thailand and Japan are the main demographic reasons for the expected shrinkage in the Buddhist population in the years ahead".

1943:. The report also shows that the fall in the birth rate of Muslims slowed down the growth rate from 1990 to 2010. It is due to the fall of the fertility rate in many Muslim majority countries. Despite the decline, Muslims still have the highest birth rate among the world's major religious groups. According to the 6833:(local-born) Chinese. This growth appears to represent both a response to intense missionary efforts and a search for acceptance and identification in the Indonesian community through espousal of a more acceptable, less "Chinese" religion which at the same time removes the suspicion of communist sympathies. 10745:

A study of the religious lives of university students in Beijing published in a mainland Chinese academic journal Science and Atheism in 2013 showed Christianity to be the religion that interested students most and the most active on campuses. It concluded there was a "religious fever" in society and

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Given the sensitivity of religious conversion in Singapore, reliable data about religious conversions of ethnic groups is almost non-existent. Some Muslim organizations that deal with conversion and problems of Muslim converts, however, estimated that about 100 Malays converted to Christianity within

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Conservative estimates place the number of Christians in Iran between 500,000 to 800,000 believers, but others claim there are more than one million. Traditionally, Christian families amount to around 250,000, while the remainder consists of converts from Islam. Most converts from Islam belong to the

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From the Bahá'í Faith's origins in the 19th century until the 1950s, the vast majority of Baháʼís were found in Iran; converts from outside Iran were mostly found in India and the Western world. From having roughly 200,000 Baháʼís in 1950, the religion grew to having over 4 million by the late 1980s,

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vary widely: In the United States, it is just under 50 percent, in the United Kingdom, around 53 percent; in France; around 30 percent, and in Australia and Mexico, as low as 10 percent. In the United States, only about a third of children from intermarriages affiliate with Jewish

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is the fastest shrinking religion in there , while Christianity is growing the fastest", and in 2018 "up to half a million Iranians are Christian converts from Muslim families, and most of these Christians are evangelicals", and he adds "recent estimates claim that the number might have climbed up to

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The significant growth of Christianity in non-Western countries led to regional distribution changes of Christians. In 1900, Europe and the Americas were home to the vast majority of the world's Christians (93%). Besides, Christianity has grown enormously in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.

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survey, between 2010 and 2015 "an estimated 32 million babies were born to Buddhist mothers and roughly 20 million Buddhists died, meaning that the natural increase in the Buddhists population – i.e., the number of births minus the number of deaths – was 12 million over this period". According to the

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Ellethy 2014, p. 181. " the insignificant amount of this yearly tax, the fact that it was progressive, that elders, poor people, handicapped, women, children, monks, and hermits were exempted, leave no doubt about exploitation or persecution of those who did not accept Islam. Comparing its amount to

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Finally, during this century there has been a rapid growth in the number of Chinese Christians. Very few Chinese were Christians at the turn of the century. Today Christians constitute approximately 10 or 15 percent of the Chinese population in Indonesia, and probably a higher percentage among the

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Open Doors, interviewed by the UK Home Office on 8 August 2017, stated that many converts do not publicly report their faith due to persecution, so it is difficult to record the exact numbers of Iranian Christian converts. Open Doors believes the number to be 800,000, although this is a conservative

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P.25: Finally, during this century there has been a rapid growth in the number of Chinese Christians. Very few Chinese were Christians at the turn of the century. Today Christians constitute approximately 10 or 15 percent of the Chinese population in Indonesia, and probably a higher proportion among

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Pew Research Center's predecessor organization did ask about religion when it surveyed several countries in the region in 1991, during the waning months of the USSR. In Russia, Ukraine, and Bulgaria, far more people said they were religiously unaffiliated in 1991 than describe themselves that way in

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This analysis of religious switching draws on surveys in 19 countries where Muslims constitute a majority of the population. Generally, however, there are few reports of people disaffiliating from Islam in these countries. One reason for this may be the social and legal repercussions associated with

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One of the most significant transformations in twentieth-century Christianity is the emergence and development of Pentecostalism. With over five hundred million followers, it is the fastest-growing movement in the world. An incredibly diverse movement, it has influenced many sectors of Christianity,

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Johnson and Barrett (2004) estimate that the global Sikh population increases annually by 392,633 (1.7% per year, based on 2004 figures); this percentage includes births, deaths, and conversions. The estimated world's Sikh population was over 30 million in 2020, and it will reach 42 million by

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According to a religious forecast for 2050 by Pew Research Center, the percentage of the world's population that is unaffiliated or nonreligious is expected to drop, from 16% of the world's total population in 2010 to 13% in 2050. The decline is largely due to the advanced age (median age of 34) and

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survey, between 2010 and 2015 "an estimated 68 million babies were born to religiously unaffiliated mothers and roughly 42 million religiously unaffiliated died, meaning that the natural increase in the religiously unaffiliated population – i.e., the number of births minus the number of deaths – was

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The largest proportions of the total world Bahá'í population were found in sub-Saharan Africa (29.9%) and South Asia (26.8%), followed by Southeast Asia (12.7%) and Latin America (12.2%). Lesser populations are found in North America (7.6%) and the Middle East/North Africa (6.2%), while the smallest

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By 2010 an estimated 44 million Muslims were living in Europe (6%), up from 4.1% in 1990. By 2030, Muslims are expected to make up 8% of Europe's population including an estimated 19 million in the EU (3.8%), including 13 million foreign-born Muslim immigrants. Islam is widely considered as the

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whether some of the Muslim growth projections are accurate as they do not take into account the increasing number of non-religious Muslims. Quantitative research is lacking, but he believes the European trend mirrors the American: data from the General Social Survey in the United States show that 32

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While the total Fertility Rate of Muslims in North America is 2.7 children per woman in the 2010 to 2015 period, well above the regional average (2.0) and the replacement level (2.1). Europe's Muslim population also has higher fertility (2.1) than other religious groups in the region, well above the

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It was reported in 2013 that around 5,000 British people convert to Islam every year, with most of them being women. According to an earlier 2001 census, surveys found that there was an increase of 60,000 conversions to Islam in the United Kingdom. Many converts to Islam said that they suffered from

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to Christianity are unusually high. According to Guinness, approximately 12.5 million more people who converted to Islam than people who converted to Christianity between 1990 and 2000. According to scholar Ladan Boroumand "Iran today is witnessing the highest rate of Christianization in the world",

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In the West, experts estimate thousands of Muslims switch to Christianity every year but keep their conversions secret for fear of retribution. "Converts from Islam, especially those who become involved in Christian ministries, often use assumed names, or only their first names, in order to protect

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Reports of widespread conversions of Muslims to Christianity come from regions as disparate as Algeria, Albania, Syria, and Kurdistan. Countries with the largest indigenous numbers include Algeria, 380,000; Ethiopia, 400,000; Iran, 500,000 (versus only 500 in 1979); Nigeria, 600,000; and Indonesia,

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There are a number of reasons why reliable data on conversions are hard to come by. Some national censuses ask people about their religion, but they do not directly ask whether people have converted to their present faith. A few cross-national surveys do contain questions about religious switching,

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The main reasons for Islam's growth ultimately involve simple demographics. To begin with, Muslims have more children than members of the seven other major religious groups analyzed in the study. Muslim women have an average of 2.9 children, significantly above the next-highest group (Christians at

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may have little impact on religious demographics between 2010 and 2050. Christianity is expected to lose a net of 66 million adherents mostly to religiously unaffiliated, while religiously unaffiliated are expected to gain 61 million adherents. Islam is expected to gain 3.2 million followers, while

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of Muslim immigrants declines with integration. He further points out that Muslims are not a monolithic or cohesive group, Most academics who have analysed the demographics dismiss the predictions that the EU will have Muslim majorities. It is completely reasonable to assume that the overall Muslim

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On the other hand, in 2010, the Pew Forum found "that statistical data for Muslim conversions is scarce and as per their little available information, there is no substantial net gain or loss of Muslims due to religious conversion. It also stated that "the number of people who embrace Islam and the

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Generally, the term "conversion" is not applicable to Hindu traditions. According to Arvind Sharma, Hinduism "is typically quite comfortable with multiple religious participation, multiple religious affiliations, and even with multiple religious identities." However, some Hindu groups are known for

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and its share of the world's populations "slightly". According to the same study Christianity, is expected to lose a net of 66 million adherents (40 million converts versus 106 million apostate) mostly to religiously unaffiliated category between 2010 and 2050. It is also expected that Christianity

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Counting the number of converts to a religion can prove difficult. Although some national censuses ask people about their religion, they do not ask if they have converted to their presently espoused faith. Additionally, in some countries, legal and social consequences make conversion difficult. For

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The estimated number of Protestants in Turkey is 4,000–6,000, most of whom live in Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir. Protestantism has been a part of Turkey's history for 200 years, first spreading among the non-Muslim minorities. Conversion from Islam to Protestantism was very rare until the 1960s, but

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Statistics on religious adherence are difficult to gather and often contradictory; statistics for the change of religious adherence are even more so, requiring multiple surveys separated by many years using the same data gathering rules. This has only been achieved in rare cases, and then only for

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states that by 2030 Muslims and Non-Muslims birth rates will be equal in Germany, Greece, Spain and Denmark without taking account of the Muslims immigration to these countries. He also states that Muslims & Non-Muslims fertility rate difference will decrease from 0.7 to 0.4 and this different

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in the Western world that adhere to no religion have been well documented. A 2007 Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) report argued that some Muslim population projections are overestimated, as they assume that all descendants of Muslims will become Muslims even in cases of mixed

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survey, between 2010 and 2015 "an estimated 213 million babies were born to Muslim mothers and roughly 61 million Muslims died, meaning that the natural increase in the Muslim population – i.e., the number of births minus the number of deaths – was 152 million over this period", and it added small

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Since the 1980s, with the gradual opening of society, folk religion has begun to recover. Especially in the rural areas, the speed and scale of its development are much faster and larger than is the case with Buddhism and Christianity in Zhejiang province, where Christianity is better established

16872:"2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Religion (108), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey" 13347:

Grim, Brian J.; Karim, Mehtab S.; Cooperman, Alan; Hackett, Conrad; Connor, Phillip; Chaudhry, Sahar; Hidajat, Mira; Hsu, Becky; Andrew J. Gully; Noble Kuriakose; Elizabeth A. Lawton; Elizabeth Podrebarac (January 2011). Stencel, Sandra; Rosen, Anne Farris; Yoo, Diana; Miller, Tracy; Ramp, Hilary

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At the heart of this religious resurgence are Islam and Pentecostalism, a branch of Protestant Christianity. Islam grew at an annual average of 1.9 percent between 2000 and 2017, mainly as the result of a high birth rate. Pentecostalism grew at 2.2 percent each year, mainly by conversion. Half of

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for (62%) of the world's Muslims, and about (20%) of the world's Muslims lived in the Middle East and North Africa, (16%) in Sub Saharan Africa, and 2% in Europe. By 2050 Asia will be home to (52.8%) of the world's Muslims, and about (24.3%) of the world's Muslims will live in Sub Saharan Africa,

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region. A June 2020 online survey found a much smaller percentage of Iranians stating they believe in Islam, with half of those surveyed indicating they had lost their religious faith. The poll, conducted by the Netherlands-based GAMAAN (Group for Analyzing and Measuring Attitudes in Iran), using

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Speaking of faith and Iran, most people think of Islam. Yet Islam is the fastest shrinking religion there, while Christianity is growing the fastest. According to a report by the Department of State from 2018, up to half a million Iranians are Christian converts from Muslim families, and most of

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In his research article, Miller (2015, p. 71) points to an anonymous, but the well-informed source that estimated that in 2010, there were about 100,000 converts in Iran... estimated the number of Christian ethnic Persians to be about 175,000. these were claimed to be converts of Shiite Muslim

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P.14: As a result of such growth, Paul Freston writes that "Latin America is now the global heartland of Pentecostalism." Moreover, Pentecostalism in Latin America is now overwhelmingly indigenous. Catholicism is no longer seen as an essential part of Latin American identity, and Pentecostalism

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As of around 2020, there were about 8 million Bahá'ís in the world. In 2013, two scholars of demography wrote that, "The Baha'i Faith is the only religion to have grown faster in every United Nations region over the past 100 years than the general population; Bahaʼi was thus the fastest-growing

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denied the claims of Eurabia. According to him, Muslims will be a significant minority rather than majority in Europe and as per their projections for 2050 in the Western Europe, there will be 10–15 per cent Muslim population in high immigration countries such as Germany, France and the UK. Eric

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According to the same study "globally, Muslims have the highest fertility rate, an average of 3.1 children per woman – well above replacement level (2.1)", and "in all major regions where there is a sizable Muslim population, Muslim fertility exceeds non-Muslim fertility". From 1990 to 2010, the

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membership in 2013 was 1.254 billion, which is 17.7% of the world population, an increase from 437 million, in 1950 and 654 million, in 1970. The main growth areas have been Asia and Africa, 39% and 32%, respectively, since 2000. Since 2010, the rate of increase was of 0.3% in the

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In recent years, the number of Chinese Christians has increased significantly; Christians were 4 million before 1949 (3 million Catholics and 1 million Protestants), and are reaching 67 million today. Christianity is reportedly the fastest growing religion in China with an average

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In mid-2005 Christianity adds about 65.1 million people annually due to factors such as birth rate and religious conversion, while losing 27.4 million people annually due to factors such as death rate and religious apostasy. Most of the net growth in the numbers of Christians is in Africa, Latin

350:. Comparing this with other surveys, evidence suggests that nowadays three-fifths to four-fifths of the Chinese believe in folk religion. This shows a significant growth from the 300–400 million people practicing Chinese traditional religion that were estimated in the 1990s and early 2000s. 190:

and lived and taught in India in the 5th century BC. The majority of Buddhists live in Asia; Europe and North America also have populations exceeding one million. According to scholars of religious demographics, there are between 488 million, 495 million, and 535 million Buddhists in the world.

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have the lowest adjusted growth rate of any major religious group in India, at 8.4% per decade (from 2001 to 2011), compared to the national rate of 17.7% per decade. Sikhs have the lowest fertility rate amongst India's four major religious groups, at 1.6 children per woman in 2019-20. The Sikh

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hostility from their families after converting. According to a report by CNN, "Islam has drawn converts from all walks of life, most notably African-Americans". Studies estimated about 30,000 converting to Islam annually in the United States. According to The New York Times, an estimated 25% of

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number of those who leave Islam are roughly equal. Thus, this report excludes religious conversion as a direct factor from the projection of Muslim population growth." People switching their religions will likely have no effect on the growth of the Muslim population, as the number of people who

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over the past century", and has grown from 1% in 1900, to 20.7% in 1985 and to 29.3% in 2010, And the Catholic Church has increased its membership by 70% in the last ten years, according to Pew Research Center, "the growth of Catholics has occurred across all age groups, among men and women and

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Chinese rarely use the term "religion" for their popular religious practices, and they also do not utilize a vocabulary that they "believe in" gods or truths. Instead, they engage in religious acts that assume a vast array of gods and spirits and that also assume the efficacy of these beings in

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More tangibly, figures published in January 2004 in Turkey's mainstream Milliyet newspaper claimed that 35,000 Muslims, the vast majority of them in Istanbul, had converted to Christianity in 2003. While impossible to confirm (the Turkish government does not release these figures), the rate of

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Some of the positive aspects of conversion include upward mobility in social circumstances, increased economic opportunities, and access to religious-affiliated institutional and social services (such as education, health care, and charity relief). For example, Christianity in India was mostly

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Resurgent Islam is one of the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world. The Vatican's 2008 yearbook of statistics revealed that for the first time, Islam has outnumbered the Roman Catholics globally. It stated that, "Islam has overtaken Roman Catholicism as the biggest single

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published by Baylor University institute for studies of religion estimates that 10.2 million Muslims converted to Christianity based on global missionary data. Countries with the largest numbers of Muslims converted to Christianity according to this study include Indonesia (6,500,000), Nigeria

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the Moroccan Association of Human Rights estimates there are 25,000 Christian citizens. One media source reportedthat while most Christians in the country are foreigners, there are an estimated 8,000 Christian citizens and that "several thousand" citizens have converted, mostly to Protestant

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is forecast to grow from about 250 million in 2010 to nearly 670 million in 2050 which is more than double. The absolute number of Muslims is also expected to increase in regions with smaller Muslim populations such as Europe and North America, due to young age & relatively high

1790:. Approximately 90% of the world's Hindus live in India. 79.8% of India's population is Hindu, accounting for about 90% of Hindus worldwide. Hinduism's 10-year growth rate is estimated at 15% (based on the period 1991 to 2001), corresponding to a yearly growth close to 2%. According to a 2017 4375:

the survey was based on 50,000 respondents with 90% of those surveyed living in Iran. The survey was conducted in June 2020 for 15 days from June 17th to July 1st in 2020 and reflects the views of the educated people of Iran over the age of 19 (equivalent to 85% of Adults in Iran) and can be

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and is the most comprehensive database of religious demographics available to scholars, providing data for all of the world's countries. Adherence data is largely compiled from census and surveys. The database groups adherents into 18 broadly-defined categories: Agnostics, Atheists, Baháʼís,

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may maintain, or even increase, the current numerical advantage of Christianity as the largest religion in the world. This scenario (Chinese scenario) is based primarily on sensitivity tests. Large increases in the developing world (around 23,000 per day) have been accompanied by substantial

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In 1900, only 1% of the country's population was Christian, but largely through the efforts of missionaries and churches, Christianity has grown rapidly in South Korea over the past century. In 2010, roughly three-in-ten South Koreans were Christian, including members of the world's largest

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Projections of future religious adherence are based on assumptions that trends, total fertility rates, life expectancy, political climate, conversion rates, secularization, etc. will continue. Such forecasts cannot be validated empirically and are contentious, but are useful for comparison.

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in Europe as a whole was (1.6). Pew study also reveals that Muslims are younger than other Europeans. In 2010, the median age of Muslims throughout Europe was (32), eight years younger than the median for all Europeans (40). According to a religious forecast for 2050 by Pew Research Center

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survey, between 2010 and 2015 "an estimated 223 million babies were born to Christian mothers and roughly 107 million Christians died, meaning that the natural increase in the Christian population – i.e., the number of births minus the number of deaths – was 116 million over this period".

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by demographers Charles Westoff and Tomas Frejka suggests that the fertility gap between Muslims and non-Muslims is shrinking and although the Muslim immigrants do have more children than other Europeans their fertility tends to decline over time, often faster than among non-Muslims.

289:

is expected to decrease from 487 million in 2010 to 486 million in 2050. The decline is due to several factors such as the low fertility level among Buddhists (1.6 children per woman), and the old age (median age of 34), compared to the overall population. According to the

6829:

the young. Conversion of Chinese to Christianity accelerated in the 1960s, especially in East Java, and for Indonesia as a whole the proportion of Chinese who were Catholics rose from 2 percent in 1957 to 6 percent in 1969. The growth of Christianity has been greatest among the

9856:

In war-torn Syria, it is the only place where people are free to worship without hindrance. In fact, it is the only place in the region where people can proselytize and legally change their religion. Because of these conditions, the Kurdish Christian community has continued to

2669:

populations in Europe (2.0%), Australasia (1.6%), and Northeast Asia (0.9%). In 2015, the internationally recognized religion was the second-largest international religion in Iran, Panama, Belize, Bolivia, Zambia, and Papua New Guinea; and the third-largest in Chad, and Kenya.

13262:

See also "Merely speaking of a 'Muslim community in France' can be misleading and inaccurate: like every immigrant population, Muslims in France exhibit strong cleavages based on the country of their origin, their social background, political orientation and ideology, and the

1794:

survey, between 2010 and 2015 "an estimated 109 million babies were born to Hindu mothers and roughly 42 million Hindus died, meaning that the natural increase in the Hindus population – i.e., the number of births minus the number of deaths – was 67 million over this period".

1412:, mainly in Western Europe and North America. By 2050, Christianity is expected to remain the majority religion in the United States (66.4%, down from 78.3% in 2010), and the number of Christians in absolute numbers is expected to grow from 243 million to 262 million. 686:

over the last century have been significant. Since 1900, due primarily to conversion, Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America. That caused Protestantism to be called a primarily non-Western religion. Much of the growth has occurred after

8283:

In the last thirty years, there has been an increase in the number of Muslims converting to Christianity. According to one estimate, in the period between 1971 and 1991, the number of Christian converts in Bangladesh has risen from two hundred thousand to four hundred

2779:

reports, "The number of Americans who do not identify with any religion continues to grow at a rapid pace. One-fifth of the U.S. public – and a third of adults under 30 – are religiously unaffiliated today, the highest percentages ever in Pew Research Center polling."

1595:. It has also been reported that conversion into Christianity is significantly increasing among Korean, Chinese, and Japanese in the United States. By 2012 percentage of Christians on mentioned communities was 71%, more than 30% and 37%, respectively. According to the 2162:' at all", and predicts that the percentage of Muslims is estimated to rise to 8% in 2030, due to immigration and above-average birth rates. And only two western European countries – France and Belgium – will become around 10 percent Muslim, by 2030. According to 91:

Statistical data on conversion to and from Islam are scarce. According to a study published in 2011 by Pew Research, what little information is available may suggest that religious conversion has no net impact on the Muslim population, as the number of people who

9813:

In Kabylia people at the turn of the twenty-first century were reportedly converting to Christianity; new churches sprouted up. The deteriorating image of Islam, as violent and socially confining, had apparently persuaded some Berbers to consider an alternative

699:

in Latin American countries occurred. According to one source, Protestants constituted respectively 2.5%, 2%, 0.5% of Latin Americans, Africans and Asians. In 2000, percentage of Protestants on mentioned continents was 17%, more than 27% and 5.5%, respectively.

3112:

Buddhists, Chinese folk-religionists, Christians, Confucianists, Daoists, Ethnoreligionists, Hindus, Jains, Jews, Muslims, New Religionists, Shintoists, Sikhs, Spiritists, and Zoroastrians. The WRD is edited by demographers Todd M. Johnson and Brian J. Grim.

2093:, there is increasing numbers of Americans who are leaving their faith and becoming unaffiliated and the average Iranian American is slightly less religious than the average American. According to Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans, the number of 2052:

According to the religious forecast for 2050 by Pew Research Center, between 2010 and 2050 modest net gains through religious conversion are expected for Muslims (3 million) and most of the net gains through religious conversion for Muslims found in

2774:

The American Religious Identification Survey gave nonreligious groups the largest gain in terms of absolute numbers: 14.3 million (8.4% of the population) to 29.4 million (14.1% of the population) for the period 1990–2001 in the U.S. A 2012 study by the

949:

has grown from 0.2%, in 1951, to 7.6%, in 2001. According to Pew Research Center the number of Catholics in Africa has increased from one million in 1901 to 329,882,000 in 2010. From 2015 to 2016, Africa saw an increase of more than 6,265,000 Catholics.

9706:

Richard Kronk has extensively researched Muslim conversion in France. He provides examples of the challenges faced by Muslim converts to Christianity. His research primarily deals with Christians of Maghrebi background (CMB) From Algeria, Morocco, and

6752:

The social influence of Christianity, however, extends far beyond its membership especially in the sphere of education, giving Christianity a middle-class identity... Conversion is increasing among Chinese in Singapore, both into Christianity and into

16607:

estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012. Sikh organizations like the

16005: 5179:

Trade is a prominent generator of intercultural contact and is thus one of the most important triggers of religious contact. Through trade-based interactions, not only is merchandise traded but sooner or later religious goods are also 'traded' and

2171:

population in Europe will increase, and Muslim citizens have and will have a significant impact on European life. The prospect of a homogeneous Muslim community per se, or a Muslim majority in Europe is however out of the question. Eric Kaufman of

1911:; "around the globe, Muslims have higher fertility rates than Christians on average. Muslim women's low educational attainment is a likely factor; demographers find that higher educational attainment among women is tied to lower fertility rates". 1371:, since the fall of communism, the number of Muslim converts to Christianity in Kyrgyzstan has been increased. Some scholars and media reports indicate that in the Middle East there been increasing numbers of conversions to Christianity among the 16078: 2176:

Kaufman also argue that the main reason why Islam is expanding along with other religions, is not because of conversion to Islam, but primarily to the nature of the religion, as he calls it "pro-natal", where Muslims tend to have more children.

540:

By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. Christians have 2.7 children per woman, which is above replacement level (2.1). The birth rate is expected to be the main factor in the growth of Christianity. According to

11833:

P.80: Around the globe, Muslims have higher fertility rates than Christians on average. Muslim women's low educational attainment is a likely factor; demographers find that higher educational attainment among women is tied to lower fertility

2085:

percent of those raised Muslim no longer embrace Islam in adulthood, and 18 percent hold no religious identification. Many Muslims who leave Islam face social rejection or imprisonment and sometimes murder or other penalties. According to

1510:, Lewis Rambo, in mid-2005 approximately 15.5 million converted to Christianity from another religion, while approximately 11.7 million left Christianity, most of them becoming irreligious, resulting in a net gain of 3.8 million. 1403:

may have the largest net losses in terms of religious conversion. However, these forecasts lack reliable data on religious conversion in China, but according to media reports and expert assessments, it is possible that the rapid growth of

3076:

have converted to Zoroastrianism recently, with community leaders repeating this and speculating that even more Zoroastrians in the region are practicing their faith secretly. However, this has not been confirmed by independent sources.

973:, argued that the main reason for the expansion of Catholicism and conservative Protestantism along with other religions is because their religions tend to be "pro-natal" and they have more children, and not due to religious conversion. 345:

is near to 950 million (70% of the Chinese), of which 173 million (13%) practice some form of Taoist-defined folk faith. Further in detail, 12 million people have passed some formal initiation into Taoism, or adhere to the official

2388:

notes "The rate of taxation and methods of collection varied greatly from province to province and were greatly influenced by local pre-Islamic customs" and there were even cases when Muslims had the tax levied against them, on top of

115:) do not generally encourage conversions into their ranks. Some faiths grow exponentially at first (especially, for example, along trade routes or for reasons of social prestige), only for their zeal to wane (note the flagging case of 1773:

99% of Hindus lived in the Indo-Pacific region in 2010. According to Pew Forum, Hindus are anticipated to continue to be concentrated primarily in the Indo-Pacific region in 2050. Hinduism is the largest religion in the countries of

16128: 198:

has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in

41:

is the proliferation or growth of religion, most commonly after a period of previous secularization. Statistics commonly measure the absolute number of adherents, the percentage of the absolute growth per-year, and the growth of

14173:

There were...clear reasons why Muslim governments would not want to encourage conversion to Islam. They were sometimes effectively unable to prevent conversion but they were certainly not going to use force to achieve it. (Page

3071:

The number of Kurdish Zoroastrians, along with those of non-ethnic converts, has been estimated differently. The Zoroastrian Representative of the Kurdistan Regional Government in Iraq has said that as many as 14,000 people in

1094:

is home to the largest Christian community made up of converts from their former Islamic faith; according to various sources, since the mid and late 1960s, between two million to 2.5 million Muslims converted to Christianity.

7854:

It estimated the Afghan Christian community ranges from 500 to 8,000 people. For all practical purposes, there are no native Afghan Christians; they are all converts from Islam who worship in secret to avoid being killed for

1737:

was 27.9. About 26.3% of the Israeli Druze population are under 14 years old and about 6.1% of the Israeli Druze are 65 years and over. Since the year 2000, the Israeli Druze community has witnessed a significant decrease in

2011:

religious denomination in the world", and stated that, "It is true that while Muslim families, as is well known, continue to make a lot of children, Christian ones on the contrary tend to have fewer and fewer". According to

9310:

P.9: Iranian Christian converts in Britain form three distinguishable groups depending on where they've converted: 1. Those who converted in Iran 2. Those who converted in transit (mostly Turkey) 3. Those who converted in

8372:

In the Netherlands and Denmark, as well, many are converting from Islam to Christianity, and the trend appears to be growing. Indeed, converts are filling up some European churches largely forsaken by their old Christian

13194:, prb.org, February 2008; for fertility of Muslims outside Europe, see the sentence "The dramatic decline in Iran's fertility provides a recent example of how strict Islamic practices can coexist with widespread use of 8552:"Shkëlzen ou Giannis? Changement de prénom et stratégies identitaires, entre culture d'origine et migration [Shkëlzen or Giannis? Change of Name and Identity strategies, between Culture of Origin and Migration]" 5062:

there is no substantial net gain or loss in the number of Muslims through conversion globally; the number of people who become Muslims through conversion seems to be roughly equal to the number of Muslims who leave the

4583:

10781:

young. Conversion of Chinese to Christianity accelerated in the 1960s, especially in East Java, and for Indonesia as a whole the proportion of Chinese who were Catholics rose from 2 percent in 1957 to 6 percent in 19.

9899:

The Catholic and Protestant Turkish populations have grown, convert Protestants have also increased in number from a few hundred in 1992 to 3,000-3,500 Evangelical Christians, whilst other denominations have remained

16616:

estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures; 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media. With 1% of

16599:, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population. The 6526: 10822:"Report: Iran: Christian converts and house churches (1) –prevalence and conditions for religious practice Translation provided by the Office of the Commissioner-General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Belgium" 8604:"Report: Iran: Christian converts and house churches (1) –prevalence and conditions for religious practice Translation provided by the Office of the Commissioner-General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Belgium" 6139:

will by 2050 have become almost exactly as numerous as Roman Catholics – each with just over 1.5 billion followers, or 17 percent of the world, with Protestants growing considerably faster than Catholics each

762:

countries did not experience a decline in the percentage of Christians, as the proportion of Christians in these countries have mostly been stable or even increasing. Christianity is still the largest religion in

8780: 5251:

smaller churches such as Emmanuel face the sharp and troubling question of what they are for—why this church is needed in this particular place and time, when there is virtually market saturation for religious

4901:

developing-world Christians are Pentecostal, evangelical or charismatic (all branches of the faith emphasize the authority of the Bible and the need for a spiritual rebirth). Why are people so attracted to it?.

4293:

Only in recent decades have surveys begun to measure changes in religious identity among individuals. Religious switching is a sensitive topic in India, and carries social and legal repercussions including the

9290:

There is no space to elaborate here, but the research carried out by Spellman (2004b) and Miller (2014) sheds light on the growth of Iranian Muslim conversion to born-again Christianity in England and Scotland

11216:

Theologically, one would have to conclude that the Druze are not Muslims. They do not accept the five pillars of Islam. In place of these principles the Druze have instituted the seven precepts noted above..

10013: 5638:

Christian total 2,631,941,000, Catholic total 1,278,009,000 (48.6%), Wider Protestant total including Independents 1,047,295,000 (39.8%), Orthodox total including Eastern and Oriental 293,158,000 (11.1%)

9261:

The liberal newspaper Radikal estimates that there are about 10,000 converts in Turkey, expressing surprise that they could be seen as a "threat" in a country of 73 million people, 99 percent of whom are

215:, through statistical analysis, held Buddhism to be the fastest-growing spiritual tradition in Australia in terms of percentage gain, with a growth of 79.1% for the period 1996 to 2001 (200,000→358,000). 1567:

have converted to Christianity. According to a 2021 study by the Pew Research Center, Christianity in India gained an increase from conversion, most of the Christian converts in India are former Hindus.

6194:(saying "Not only do Protestants presently constitute 13 percent of the world's population—about 800 million people—but since 1900 Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.") 2488:

to non-Jews, but many Jewish groups have tried to reach out to the assimilated Jewish communities of the Diaspora in order for them to reconnect to their Jewish roots. Additionally, while in principle

1975:

are converts, these converts are mostly African American. According to The Huffington Post, "observers estimate that as many as 20,000 Americans convert to Islam annually.", most of them are women and

941:

In 1900, there were only 8.7 million adherents of Christianity in Africa, while in 2010 there were 390 million. It is expected that by 2025 there will be 600 million Christians in Africa. In

1521:, Christianity is "spreading among the Chinese of South-East Asia", and "Evangelical and Pentecostal Christianity is growing more quickly in China", also according to him, more than half of them have 10859:

This socio-demographic characterizes Christian converts as mostly .. (2) well-educated, (3) belonging in higher-income brackets, (4) switching their religion between ten and twenty-nine years of age

14197: 13349: 8694:

estimates citing figures lower than 10,000, and others, such as Open Doors USA, citing numbers above 800,000, Many Protestants and converts to Christianity from Islam reportedly practice in secret.

2446:, in 2013, the United States and Israel were collectively home to more than 80 percent of the global Jewish population, each country having approximately 41 percent of the world's Jews. 2382:, he stated forced conversions played little part in the history of the spread of the faith. However, the poll tax known as Jizyah may have played a part in converting people over to Islam but as 6135:, p. 1815, "Observers carefully comparing all these figures in the total context will have observed the even more startling finding that for the first itime ever in the history of Protestantism, 1029:. According to the same data, most of the Jews who identify themselves as some sort of Christian (1.6 million) were raised as Jews or are Jews by ancestry. According to a 2012 study, 17% of 8347:

Conversion to Christianity also surfaced, not least among the group of refugees arriving from the early 1980s from different areas in the Muslim world hit by civil wars or inter-state conflicts.

6894:

A 2006 Gallup survey, however, is the largest to date and puts the number at 6%, which is much higher than its previous surveys. It notes a major increase among Japanese youth professing Christ.

2573:, the number had been reduced to 11 million by the end of 1945. The population grew again to around 13 million by the 1970s, but has since recorded near-zero growth until around 2005 due to low 10161: 2763:

26 million over this period". As for religious conversion, the religiously unaffiliated is expected to have the largest net gains through religious conversion between 2010 and 2050, notably on

17508: 11027: 8509:

Thousands of refugees in Germany are converting from Islam to Christianity, although it could carry a huge personal risk for them. Independent churches are especially seeing many new converts.

8207:

The Austrian Catholic church logged 300 applications for adult baptism in the first three months of 2016, with the Austrian pastoral institute estimating 70% of those converting are refugees.

18313: 15565: 8995:

In the Netherlands, thousands of Iranian Muslim migrants and refugees are converting to Christianity, despite conversion from Islam being considered apostasy in Iran and punishable by death.

3068:

for different reasons, including a sense of national and/or ethnic identity or for recent conflicts with radical Muslims, which had been enthusiastically received by Zoroastrians worldwide.

14107: 8330:

Numerous cases of conversion from Islam to Orthodox Christianity are just one of the ways to express the changes in the fluid identity of Bulgarian Muslims ("Pomaks") in Bulgaria after 1990

3103:

The World Religion Database (WRD) is a peer-reviewed database of international religious statistics based on research conducted at the Institute on Culture, Religion & World Affairs at

16493:

Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today.

12461: 9367:

Although approximately 20,000 Muslims convert to Christianity annually, ... In 2010 were approximately 180,000 and about 130,000 Iranian Americans who converted from Islam to Christianity.

211:

and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and some African countries. The

17034: 5490: 5485:

2010 Chinese Jesus Life Survey conducted by Dr. Yang Fenggang, Purdue University's Center on Religion and Chinese Society. Statistics published in: Katharina Wenzel-Teuber, David Strait.

2807:

have indicated that global atheism may be in decline due to irreligious countries having the lowest birth rates in the world and religious countries having higher birth rates in general.

1545:

Chinese". Asia has the second largest Pentecostal-charismatic Christians of any continent, with the number growing from 10 million to 135 million between 1970 and 2000". According to the

846:"converts to Protestantism find their incomes, education levels, hygiene and social networks expanding". According to scholar Terence Chong, since 1980s Protestantism is expanding in 12032: 11867:

Globally, Muslims have the highest fertility rate, an average of 3.1 children per woman – well above replacement level (2.1), the minimum typically needed to maintain a stable population

6567: 6549: 6115: 4842: 1979:. Experts say that conversions to Islam have doubled in the past 25 years in France, among the six million Muslims in France, about 100,000 are converts. On the other hand, according to 8754:

Today it is possible to speak of thousand of Kyrgyz and Kazakhs converted to Protestantism. This new phenomenon has clashed with the common belief that all native people must be Muslim

1435:" churches has declined in the United States since the late 1980s, but many of them do not leave Christianity, but rather convert to another Christian denomination, in particularly to 8041:

Since 2000, thousands of Algerian Muslims have put their faith in Christ. Algerian officials estimate the number of Christians at 50,000, but others say it could be twice that number.

1688: 16722: 1951:(CSIS) report argued that some Muslim population projections are overestimated, as they assume that all descendants of Muslims will become Muslims even in cases of mixed parenthood. 1529:, more people in Southeast Asia are converting to Christianity, and these new converts are mostly Chinese business managers. According to scholar Juliette Koning and Heidi Dahles of 15475: 2684:

Because Bahá'ís do not represent the majority of the population in any country, and most often represent only a tiny fraction of countries' total populations, there are problems of

1398:

Religious conversions are projected to have a "modest impact on changes in the religious groups including Christian population" between 2010 and 2050; and may negatively affect the

1309:, and a researcher specializing in criticism of Islam, "reports of widespread conversions of Muslims to Christianity come from regions as disparate as Algeria, Albania, Syria, and 10821: 8603: 2534:) for secular Jews to become more religiously observant, though the demographic implications of the trend are unknown. Additionally, there is also a growing rate of conversion to 14108:

School of Foreign Service Georgetown University John L. Esposito Founding Director of the Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding (27 December 1999).

2492:

favors seeking new members for the faith, this position has not translated into active proselytism, instead of taking the form of an effort to reach out to non-Jewish spouses of

1494:

also cited that Christianity ranks at first place in net gains through religious conversion. On the other hand, demographer Conrad Hackett of Pew Research Center stated that the

893:

may have grown by 600% over the previous 10 years. According to Pew Research Center, "largely through the efforts of missionaries and churches, Christianity has grown rapidly in

353:

This growth reverses the rapid decline that Chinese traditional religion faced in the 20th century. Moreover, Chinese religion has also spread throughout the world following the

16632: 16183:"Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)" 16155:"Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)" 13154: 2862:. Today, India is home to the largest Sikh population with 1.7% of its population, or about 20 million people identifying as Sikh. Within India, a majority of Sikhs live in the 68:

It is projected that birth rate – rather than conversion – will prove the main factor in the growth of any given religion. While according to other various scholars and sources

6650: 6432: 6372: 2069:

Generally, there are few reports about how many people leave Islam in Muslim majority countries. The main reason for this is the social and legal repercussions associated with

16959: 10282: 6927:

The 2006 Gallup poll, however, disclosed that an astounding 12 per cent of Japanese who claim a religion are now Christian, making six per cent of the entire nation Christian.

1887:, a comprehensive American study concluded in 2009 that the number of Muslims worldwide stood at about 23% of the world's population with 60% of the world's Muslims living in 463: 16812: 15592: 9256: 8712:

underground Protestant house-church movement, which Iran considers to be illegal. Meanwhile, according to Islamic and Iranian law, conversion from Islam is a capital offense.

12203: 8235:

According to Iranian sources in Baku, Western "religious front associations" have converted some 5,000 Azerbaijanis to various Christian evangelical denominations since 1991

6521: 1817:, Hinduism (1.52%) is one of the six fastest-growing religions in the world, with high birth rates in India being cited as the major reasons of the Hindu population growth. 11848: 8677:

The underground nature of the Christian conversion movement has made numbers impossible to determine accurately. Estimates range from 300,000 to 500,000 by various sources.

8978:

Converts to Christianity form a tiny minority of Moroccans. While no official statistics exist, the US State Department estimates their numbers at between 2,000 and 6,000.

4795: 6396:

the new survey. In all three countries, the share of the population that identifies with Orthodox Christianity is up significantly since the collapse of the Soviet Union.

11520: 15230: 13125: 4895: 13990:

the obligatory zakah which an ex-dhimmi should give to the Muslim state in case he converts to Islam dismisses the claim that its aim was forced conversions to Islam."

8823: 8656:

estimate. Other estimates put the number between 400,000-500,000 right up to 3 million... A March 2019 US Congressional Research Service report on Iran put the 300,000

1004: 926:, "there has been a rapid growth in the number of Chinese Christians" in Indonesia, and "conversion of Chinese to Christianity accelerated in the 1960s, especially in 866:. According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, around 9% of Latin Americans were raised as Protestant, but nearly 19% now identify themselves as Protestants. 17271: 1423:

Christianity in the United States is greater than the number of those leaving that faith. While on the other hand, in 2017, scholars Landon Schnabel and Sean Bock at

10058: 1923:. Another study found that the number of people who will leave Islam is 9,400,000 and the number of converts to Islam is 12,620,000 so the net gain to Islam through 10986: 10214: 9545:

Shay Khatiri of Johns Hopkins University wrote last year about Iran that "Islam is the fastest shrinking religion there, while Christianity is growing the fastest."

7742:

etween 1966 and 1976, almost 2 million ethnic Javanese, most from nominally Islamic backgrounds, converted to Christianity. Another 250,000 to 400,000 became Hindu.

5221:

adopted by members of lower castes and tribal peoples for whom religious conversion offered a way out of their low social status and lack of economic opportunities.

2600:

may have little impact on the Jewish population between 2010 and 2050; Jews are expected to lose 0.3 million adherents, between 2010 and 2050. According to a 2017

545:

study, by 2050 the number of Christians in absolute number is expected to grow to more than double in the next few decades, from 517 million to 1.1 billion in

17257: 11054: 8574: 65:

of Muslims. Religious conversion has no net impact on the Muslim population growth. In fact, conversion will have little impact on the size of religious groups.

11754: 11449: 5760: 4863: 4317:

may maintain, or even increase, the current numerical advantage of Christianity as the largest religion in the world and may negatively affect the growth of the

15828: 15760: 14089:, Quote = Jizyah: Compensation. Poll tax levied on non-Muslims as a form of tribute and in exchange for an exemption from military service, based on Quran 9:29. 13662: 13638: 13590: 13377: 13090: 13073: 13039: 12925: 12732: 12670: 12638: 12593: 12559: 12524: 12371: 12339: 12304: 11793: 10128: 10079: 10034: 6584: 6280: 5957: 5925: 5893: 5865: 5824: 5792: 5705: 5425: 5406: 5387: 5122: 2581:. Since 2005, the world's Jewish population has been growing modestly at a rate of around 0.78% (in 2013). This increase primarily reflects the rapid growth of 2458:

and extensive immigration, although the Jewish populations of other countries, in Europe and North America, have recently increased through immigration. In the

4500: 2151:

does not add significantly to the growth of the Muslim population in Europe, according to the same study the net loss is (−60,000) due to religious switching.

750:, however, most of them are non-practicing and non- church-attending. According to the same study, a large majority of those who raised as Christians (83%) in 9476:. Such accusations are particularly common in locales like northern Iraq and Algeria, where conversions of Kurds and Berbers are unusually high. 12 June 2021. 9350: 4542:

2.6) and the average of all non-Muslims (2.2). In all major regions where there is a sizable Muslim population, Muslim fertility exceeds non-Muslim fertility.

2249:

There exist different views among scholars about the spread of Islam. Islam began in Arabia and from 633 AD until the late 10th century it was spread through

11269:

US Druze settled in small towns and kept a low profile, joining Protestant churches (usually Presbyterian or Methodist) and often Americanizing their names..

4804:

Pentecostalism is widely recognized by religious scholars as the fastest-growing Christian movement in the world, reaching into many different denominations.

4306:. In China it is difficult to project rates at which Christianity, Islam and Buddhism are gaining converts, nor what are the retention rates among converts. 13876: 13080:

Projected Religious Composition of Europe in 2050, With and Without Religious Switching: SCENARIO WITH SWITCHING (10.2%), SCENARIO WITHOUT SWITCHING (10.1%)

12764: 7882:

all indigenous Christians ( whose numbers are impossible to determine but have been estimated by the State Department at 500-8,000 ) are converts from Islam

2515:, by contrast, have low Jewish birth rates, an increasingly elderly age composition, and a negative balance of people leaving Judaism versus those joining. 13358: 11384: 8918: 14189: 13236: 11321: 9540: 4944: 4756:

Today, one quarter of the two billion Christians in the world are Pentecostal or Charismatic. Pentecostalism is the fastest growing religion in the world.

2633: 17670: 17450: 8385: 4596: 4554: 4475: 2677:, and then again from the 1970s into the 1990s across some countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The most intense opposition has been in Iran and neighboring 9995: 8198: 8070:

there is an estimated 20,000 to 100,000 evangelical Christians in Algeria, who practice their faith in mainly unregistered churches in the Kabyle region

7177: 6764: 2771:. However, religiously unaffiliated is expected to grow slightly due to a decrease in the fertility rate among the religiously unaffiliated population. 1541:, Indonesia, and Malaysia are said to have the fastest-growing Christian communities and the majority of the new believers are "upwardly mobile, urban, 16435:

Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;

15955:"Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts" 7210: 4916: 2306:

regions in Central Asia, parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia via military invasions, traders and Sufi missionaries. According to some scholars, the

13775: 11031: 8112:

some Algerian Muslims who converted to Christianity kept a low profile due to concern for their personal safety and potential legal and social problem

4694: 1742:

and a significant increase in life expectancy. The fertility rate for Israeli Druze in 2017 is 2.1 children per woman, while the fertility rate among

1085:

estimate significantly more people have converted to Christianity from Islam in the 21st century than at any other point in Islamic history. The 2015

298:

may have little impact on the Buddhists population between 2010 and 2050; Buddhists are expected to lose 2.9 million adherents between 2010 and 2050.

15342: 12965: 12946: 12917: 12807: 10772: 9654: 9169: 8940:

There are no official statistics, but leaders say there are about 50,000 Moroccan Christians, most of them from the Protestant Evangelical tradition.

8439:

In 2017, the Finnish Immigration Service received approximately 1,000 asylum applications and appeals based on conversion from Islam to Christianity.

6820: 6568:"Max Weber and Pentecostals in Latin America: The Protestant Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital" 6550:"Max Weber and Pentecostals in Latin America: The Protestant Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital" 6116:"Max Weber and Pentecostals in Latin America: The Protestant Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital" 4843:"Max Weber and Pentecostals in Latin America: The Protestant Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital" 4458: 1683:

do not identify as a branch of Islam and view themselves as a separate religion. The Druze faith do not accept converts to their faith, nor practice

1517:

Christianity is growing rapidly in China and some other Asian countries and sub-Saharan Africa. According to a study by a scholar Fenggang Yang from

12403: 12225: 4925:

Pentecostalism grew at 2.2 percent each year, mainly by conversion. Half of developing-world Christians are Pentecostal, evangelical or charismatic.

4653: 1301:

estimated approximately that 20,000 Muslims converts to Christianity annually in the United States. Also according to the historian Daniel Pipes of

678:"many scholars claim that Pentecostalism is the fastest growing religious phenomenon in human history", and according to scholar Peter L. Berger of 18310: 17733: 17571: 15688: 15573: 14730: 13866:

Levy, Robert I. Mesocosm: Hinduism and the Organization of a Traditional Newar City in Nepal. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1990 1990.

12435: 7070: 16422: 15530: 14912: 14886: 14860: 14834: 14756: 10613: 902:, the percentage of Christians among Singaporeans increased from 12.7%, in 1990, to 17.5%, in 2010. According to scholar Michael Nai-Chiu Poon of 17042: 16658: 15662: 14808: 14782: 10842: 9302: 7531: 6489: 3019:, India where they found asylum from unjust persecutions and since then are called Parsi, since Indians called Persia Faras and hence named them 1000: 17654: 14625: 14493: 13500: 12702: 8706: 7380: 5487: 16541: 16052: 12042: 6906: 4524: 1948: 1907:

are projected to represent about 26.4% of the global population (out of a total of 7.9 billion people). According to a 2019 study by the

13324: 7618:

Garrison, David; 2014; "A Wind in the House of Islam: How God Is Drawing Muslims Around The World To Faith in Jesus Christ"; WIGTake Resources

6845: 6783: 2688:. In addition, there are examples where the adherents have their highest density among minorities in societies who face their own challenges. 2370:

states that the spread of Islam "was often peaceful and sometimes even received favorably by Christians". In a 2008 conference on religion at

1601:, between 1965 and 1985 about 2.5 million Indonesians converted from Islam to Christianity. Many people who convert to Christianity face 17994:. No. 676. Department of Statistics at the Baháʼí World Centre. Baháʼí World Center, Haifa: Baháʼí International Community. pp. 2–7 16365: 14261: 12488: 10728:

They also point out that more educated migrants and those from Hong Kong are more likely to become Christians than those from mainland China.

9869: 9488: 8668: 6615:

Just one-in-ten Latin Americans (9%) were raised in Protestant churches, but nearly one-in-five (19%) now describe themselves as Protestants.

6462: 6390: 4366:

6 million of those converts came from Indonesia however the report also includes the descendants of those who converted in Indonesia as well.

13616: 13272: 13203: 12611: 11613: 11132:

The worldwide population of Druze is put at up to one million, with most living in mountainous regions in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Israel.

10929:

Christianity has flourished in post-colonial Singapore, especially attracting conversions from among young, urbanized and English- educated.

10758: 8522: 8451:

Fahlbusch, Erwin; Bromiley, Geoffrey William; Lochman, Jan Milic; Mbiti, John; Pelikan, Jaroslav; Vischer, Lukas; Barrett, David B. (2003).

6263: 5738:

Christians still form the largest group, constituting one third of the world's population. Christianity is growing on average by 2.3% a year

1832:. According to 2011 census, Hinduism has become the fastest-growing religion in Australia since 2006, due to migration from India and Fiji. 16621:

being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000-500,000 in 2021.

16027: 14239: 13441: 10525: 8952: 7084: 5622: 1409: 1368: 16783: 15479: 5528: 1571:

It has been reported also that increasing numbers of young people or educated people are becoming Christians in several countries such as

468: 15720: 15093: 14526: 12099: 11825: 9578: 9557: 9244:

a number that vastly exceeds the size of present-day Turkish-speaking Protestant churches, of whose 3,000 members are converts from Islam

9124: 5057: 4972: 4578: 2959: 2795:, 39% of the population are irreligious, making it the country with the largest irreligious population percentage in the Oceania region. 14082: 13550:

The service said in its most recent annual report dating from 2010 that Salafism was the fastest growing Islamic movement in the world…

13244: 13151: 11572: 10740: 10309: 7515:

estimated that over 2 million Javanese Muslims became Christians between 1965 and 1971, and Pentecostal churches gained the most members

6966: 13182: 12859: 11914: 9643:"Iranian Diaspora Christians in the American Midwest & Scotland: Historical Background, Present Realities, & Future Challenges" 6940: 6680: 5011: 2323: 1944: 1876: 1814: 1037:

in 2021, around 19% of American those who say they were raised Jewish or who had at least one Jewish parent now identify as Christian.

526: 16914: 16636: 16447: 7902:

Reports of widespread conversions of Muslims to Christianity come from regions as disparate as Algeria, Albania, Syria, and Kurdistan.

7122: 6039: 611:

there. in 2018 a new data from the Gordon Theological Seminary shows that, for the first time ever, more number of Christians live in

13229: 11502: 8638: 8624: 8296: 8180: 7111:"Five Centuries After Reformation, Catholic-Protestant Divide in Western Europe Has Faded," Pew Research Center, 31 August 2017, 5/11 6658: 6409: 4719:

With its remarkable ability to adapt to different cultures, Pentecostalism has become the world's fastest growing religious movement.

17351: 16963: 15309: 10289: 16820: 16747: 15609: 15589: 14424:

Danzger, M. Herbert (2008). "The 'Return' to Traditional Judaism at the End of the Twentieth Century: Cross-Cultural Comparisons".

13215: 12192: 10696:"Indians say it is important to respect all religions, but major religious groups see little in common and want to live separately" 9676: 8935: 8844: 3092: 2563: 2406: 1614: 1551:

the "number of Chinese Protestants has grown by an average of 10 percent annually since 1979". According to scholar Todd Hartch of

485:

survey, there are 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. And according to a 2012

17: 17588: 12994: 12969: 12890: 12158: 11845: 9613: 9040: 7932: 3023:. Recent estimates place the current number of Zoroastrians at around 110,000–120,000, at most with the majority living in India, 1007:, it is among the top ten largest Christian denominations in the U.S., and it was the fastest growing church in the U.S. in 2012. 16842: 15283: 14466: 8363: 7309: 7178:"Número de brasileiros católicos cai abaixo dos 70% pela 1ª vez (Percent of Brazilian Catholics is below 70% for the first time)" 6440: 5028: 2073:

in many Muslim majority countries, up to and including the death penalty for apostasy. On the other hand, the increasingly large

390:

is a "diffused religion" rather than "institutional". It is a meaning system of social solidarity and identity, ranging from the

17011: 16511: 15702: 10517: 8053: 7798:

Simultaneously, a considerable number of muslims (about 2 million) converted to Christianity and Hinduism, a most unique event.

6436: 4992: 1048:, since the 1960s there has been a substantial increase in the number of conversions from Islam to Christianity, mostly to the 803: 682:"the spread of Pentecostal Christianity may be the fastest growing movement in the history of religion". Changes in worldwide 364:, the rebirth of traditional religion in China is faster and larger than the spread of other religions in the country, such as 17684: 17425: 8878:

Harussani Zakaria, publicly fulminated that up to 260,000 Muslims in Malaysia had left the faith and converted to Christianity

7714:

MBBs also live in the West, with the United States hosting by far the most (450,000) and Bulgaria the most in Europe (45,000).

6704: 6632: 4771: 373:

than elsewhere, temples of folk religion are usually twenty or even a hundred times as numerous as Christian church buildings.

18217: 18164: 18132: 18100: 18068: 17864: 17768: 16896: 15910: 15238: 14441: 14310: 14119: 13965: 13224: 13122: 11237: 11153: 10969: 7826:

Some 2 million nominally Islamic Javanese reacted against the violence of their Muslim brethren by converting to Christianity

7453: 4671: 2397:

has also discussed the Jizyah issue and stated that Muslim governments discouraged conversion but were unable to prevent it.

18008: 11585: 9526: 8923:

Converted Moroccans — most of them secret worshippers, of whom there are estimated to be anywhere between 5,000 and 40,000 —

7579:

Between 1966 and 1976, almost two million ethnic Javanese, most from abangan Islamic backgrounds, converted to Christianity.

18339: 16182: 16154: 7962:"Better than Muslims, Not as Good as Greeks: Emigration as Experienced and Imagined by the Albanian Christians of Lunxhëri" 6208: 2530:. As a result of the efforts by these and other Jewish groups over the past 25 years, there has been a trend (known as the 1498:

gives a higher estimate for percent Christian when compared to other cross-national data sets. While according to the book

13521:

Though solid numbers are hard to come by, they're routinely described as the fastest-growing movement in modern-day Islam.

2569:

In 1939, the core Jewish population reached its historical peak of 17 million (0.8% of the global population). Because of

2032:

Map of the world by population of Muslims. Although the faith began in Arabia, its three largest communities are found in

1090:(600,000), Iran (500,000 versus only 500 in 1979), the United States (450,000), Ethiopia (400,000) and Algeria (380,000). 16591:

does not ask about religion, 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the

16103: 13533: 9058: 2717: 1718: 1395:. Churches in Europe say that there is an increase in the number of Muslims converting to Christianity among immigrants. 711: 493:; if current trends continue, by 2050 the number of Christians will reach 3 billion (or 31.4%). According to a 2017 249:

Buddhism is the majority religion in the following nine countries: Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Bhutan,

18327: 18150: 18118: 18086: 18054: 17820: 12929: 10809:

The reason is that a growing number of Iranians, especially the young, are converting to Zoroastrianism or Christianity.

10396: 7262: 5281:"The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010" 2623: 1964: 529:, Christianity (growth rate, 1.38%) is one of the six fastest-growing religions in the world, with high birth rates and 498: 490: 18296:

The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global religious landscape, revealing the size and distribution of

17809: 16944: 16929: 16613: 15809: 13571: 12797: 12065: 11951: 11485: 10500: 9952:

Many of the Druze have chosen to deemphasize their ethnic identity, and some have officially converted to Christianity.

8578: 7603: 6718: 5371: 5195:; Nair, Seeta (6 March 2014). "Geographies of Religious Conversion". In Rambo, Lewis R.; Farhadian, Charles E. (eds.). 3050: 2354:) while some scholars indicate that some Muslim rulers in India did not consistently collect the jizya (poll tax) from 506: 151: 17821:

The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010

17606: 16261: 13374: 12279: 11904: 11744: 11439: 8313:

it is estimated that as many as 91,000 Muslims across Bangladesh have converted to Christianity in the last six years.

6098: 5750: 4751: 2314:– which translated means "protected persons") in Islamic empires While other scholars oppose this belief, because the 17976: 17930: 17903: 17156: 15877: 14409: 14026: 13938: 13854: 11633: 11556: 11262: 11209: 11011: 10852: 10844:

The Perception of Christianity as a Rational Religion in Singapore: A Missiological Analysis of Christian Conversione

10802: 10721: 10679: 10654: 10354: 9976: 9945: 9892: 9835: 9806: 9781: 9756: 9728: 9699: 9625: 9498: 9388: 9360: 9283: 9237: 9208: 9153: 9102: 9016: 8973: 8899: 8871: 8831:

P.25: By the early 2000s, some scholars estimated the total number of Kyrgyz converts to Christianity to about 25,000

8807: 8747: 8689: 8591:

Over 20,000 Kashmiri Muslims are reported to have converted to Christianity since the inception of militancy in 1990.

8504: 8485: 8460: 8256: 8228: 8161: 8133: 8091: 8002: 7973: 7944: 7875: 7847: 7819: 7791: 7763: 7735: 7572: 7541: 7508: 7433: 7293: 6950: 6887: 6745: 6356: 6245: 6218: 6164: 6082: 5731: 5606: 5355: 5244: 5206: 5165: 4873: 4712: 1769:

is the third largest religion in the world. Hindus made up about 17% of the world's population in 2010. According to

17210: 14061: 13412: 11694: 10441: 10427: 10413: 7237: 6433:"Engendering Charismatic Economies: Pentecostalism, Global Political Economy, and the Crisis of Social Reproduction" 6120:

The spread of Pentecostal Christianity may be the fastest growing movement in the history of religion (Berger 2009).

3095:

in the United States, or census data from Australia (which has included a voluntary religious question since 1911).

2723: 651:

is one of the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world. According to various scholars and sources

14603: 10695: 9600:

P.19: A part of the Muslims in emigration are directly or indirectly induced to convert to Catholicism or Orthodoxy

9410:

themselves and their families," writes Daveed Gartenstein-Ross, a Washington-based terrorism analyst in Commentary.

7991:"Albanian Immigrants in the Greek City: Spatial 'Invisibility' and Identity Management as a Strategy of Adaptation" 7919:

P.19: A part of the Muslims in emigration are directly or indirectly induced to convert to Catholicism or Orthodoxy

7151: 4345: 18239: 16394: 14001:"Bülent Özdemir - Political Use of Conversion in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Context: Some Cases From Salonica" 13880: 12942: 11722: 9076: 7548:

Between 1966 and 1976, some 2 million ethnic Javanese from nominally Islamic backgrounds converted to Christianity

7440:

Since the 1960s, there has been a substantial increase in the number of Muslims who have converted to Christianity

4623: 2102:

online polling to provide greater anonymity for respondents, surveyed 50,000 Iranians and found 32% identified as

1075:: Since the mid and late 1960s, between two million to 2.5 million Muslims converted to Christianity in Indonesia. 314: 18368: 13749: 13714: 13471: 11302: 9735:

gained through ethnographic research with Turkish and Kurdish converts to Christianity in both Turkey and German.

9422: 4780:

The world's fastest-growing religion is not any type of fundamentalism, but the Pentecostal wing of Christianity.

2697: 1526: 212: 18260:

Sustaining Faith Traditions: Race, Ethnicity, and Religion among the Latino and Asian American Second Generation

16694: 13897: 11071: 10241: 9583:

Recent estimates claim that the number might have climbed up to somewhere between one million and three million.

4734: 2653: 2617: 1931:(2.9 million). The growth of Islam from 2010 to 2020 has been estimated at 1.70% due to high birthrates in 18282: 18267: 16989: 15835: 15767: 13669: 13645: 13597: 13233: 13097: 13070: 13046: 12834: 12739: 12677: 12645: 12590: 12566: 12531: 12378: 12346: 12311: 11800: 10135: 10086: 10041: 8107: 6287: 5964: 5932: 5900: 5876: 5831: 5799: 5702: 5463: 5422: 5403: 5384: 5129: 5075: 4951: 4603: 4561: 4482: 2799:

low fertility among unaffiliated or Nonreligious (1.7 children per woman in the 2010–2015 period). Sociologist

2493: 2181:

will continue to shrink as a result of which Muslims and non-Muslims fertility rate will be identical by 2050.

923: 783:

and Bulgaria has been significantly increased between 1991 and 2015. According to scholar Barry John Tolmay of

17666: 17461: 14651: 11877: 10518:"Estimating the Religious Composition of All Nations: An Empirical Assessment of the World Christian Database" 8263:

the 1990s these front organizations succeeded in converting some 5,000 Azeris to various Christian evangelical

8024:

In 1990, as the situation began to worsen, many Muslim Albanians contemplated a mass conversion to Catholicism

1671:; the number of Druzites worldwide is between 800,000 and one million, with the vast majority residing in the 1060:

with colonial powers in contrast to Roman Catholic and Mainline Protestant Churches, as well as the rising of

17946: 14000: 10466: 10327: 10188: 9473: 9328: 8342: 7897: 7709: 7691: 6985: 4509:

This growth has to do with the relatively young age of the Muslim population as well as high fertility rates.

4335: 2875: 2665:

religion between 1910 and 2010, growing at least twice as fast as the population of almost every UN region."

1462: 1030: 17987: 14392:

DellaPergola, Sergio (2016), "World Jewish Population, 2015", in Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira M. (eds.),

13294: 9851: 8766: 8168:

Many of the minority of Muslims who came in this wave married Argentinean women and converted to Catholicism

6373:"Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues" 6103:

Massive Growth Under the Radar: Each day, 35,000 people are born again through baptism with the Holy Spirit.

2791:, in Mexico, the number of atheists grows annually by 5.2%, while the number of Catholics grows by 1.7%. In 17790: 16286: 16210: 15980: 13805: 13783: 12915: 11937: 10829:

P.15: Chiaramonte (2016), that it is young people in particular who convert to Christianity in today's Iran

8919:"'House-Churches' and Silent Masses —The Converted Christians of Morocco Are Praying in Secret – VICE News" 5306: 5280: 4455: 2879: 2310:(poll tax) was the most important factor in the mass conversion to Islam, the tax paid by all non-Muslims ( 1597: 1547: 1533:

there is a "rapid expansion of charismatic Christianity from the 1980s onwards. Singapore, Mainland China,

1530: 1495: 1490: 1484: 1275: 1081: 708:, 16% in Europe, 13% in Asia and the Pacific and 10% of the world's Christians will live in North America. 391: 18207: 15151:

Synopsis of References to the Baháʼí Faith, in the US State Department's Reports on Human Rights 1991-2000

9642: 9173: 8326:"Urban culture, religious conversion, and crossing ethnic fluidity among the Bulgarian Muslims ("Pomaks")" 5157:

Religions and Trade: Religious Formation, Transformation and Cross-Cultural Exchange between East and West

2746:) make up about 18.2% of Europe's population, and they make up the majority of the population in only two 2318:

was not of great value, and those who could not pay it were exempt from it. (such as Christians under the

16567: 16189: 16161: 16107: 16082: 15981:"The Daily — The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity" 13191: 12706: 12413: 12235: 10941:

Sukman, Jang (2004). "Historical Currents and Characteristics of Korean Protestantism after Liberation".

7020: 6317: 4819: 4376:

generalized to apply to this entire demographic. It has a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error.

2235:

In 2010 Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nigeria was home for (47.8%) of the world's Muslims.

2062: 1947:, the World Christian Database as of 2007 has Islam as the fastest-growing religion in the world. A 2007 1552: 1399: 1298: 407: 85: 17748: 16537: 15538: 14734: 11089: 7045: 18363: 14916: 14864: 14838: 14760: 11864: 10558:

The Next Christendom: The Rise of Global Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. 270 pp.

10115: 9404: 7565:

The Politics of Religion in Indonesia: Syncretism, Orthodoxy, and Religious Contention in Java and Bali

5544: 1331:

somewhere between 1 million and 3 million". Converting to Christianity is growing among Muslims in the

831: 530: 428: 347: 53:

is the fastest-growing major religion in the world. A comprehensive religious forecast for 2050 by the

15929: 14890: 14812: 14786: 14172: 14047: 13458:

It also reveals that Salafism was cited in 2010 as the fastest growing Islamic movement on the planet.

11334: 7330: 6497: 2290:, Islam was spread after military conquests after Arab armies began overtaking Christian regions from 18297: 17553: 15639: 14629: 14501: 12710: 7377: 4847:

Many scholars claim that Pentecostalism is the fastest growing religious phenomenon in human history.

4303: 3008: 2455: 2339: 1602: 1560: 899: 377:

The number of adherents of the Chinese traditional religion is difficult to count, because of :

17068: 16056: 15893:

Tatla, Darshan S. (2005), "Sikh Diaspora", in Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R.; Skoggard, Ian (eds.),

11410: 11322:"Syria Religious Composition 2018". Columbia University - School of International and Public Affairs 10827:. Office of the Commissioner-General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Belgium. 22 February 2009. 8609:. Office of the Commissioner-General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Belgium. 22 February 2009. 6853: 6787: 16476: 16312: 15954: 14581: 13321: 11169: 10879:

Converts to Christianity tend to come from the young, educated, English-speaking Chinese generation

10714:

After Migration And Religious Affiliation: Religions, Chinese Identities And Transnational Networks

6914: 5669: 2527: 2331: 1857: 1758: 1555:, by 2005, around 6 million Africans converted to Christianity annually. While the exact number of 1456: 1444: 1323: 1057: 692: 675: 644: 438: 168: 76:

Christian movement – is the fastest growing religion in the world, this growth is primarily due to

15801: 15501: 13613: 13508: 12499: 12131: 9441: 6802: 6260: 4825:

flourishing in Africa, Latin America, and Asia and having an equally significant effect on Canada.

4663: 1657: 945:, the percentage of Christians has grown from 21.4%, in 1953, to 50.8%, in 2010. In South Africa, 18174: 18078: 18046: 18022: 16659:"2071.0 - Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016" 16382:

Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000.

14086: 13914:

H. Patrick Glenn, Legal Traditions of the World. Oxford University Press, 2007, pp. 218–219.

13269: 13200: 13195: 11001: 9983:

some Christians (mostly from the Orthodox faith), as well as Druze, converted to Protestantism...

9885:

The Slow Disappearance of the Syriacs from Turkey and of the Grounds of the Mor Gabriel Monastery

9504: 8181:"The Catholic and Protestant churches are working together to draw up guidelines for conversions" 6598: 4880:

Pentecostalism arguably has been the fastest growing religious movement in the contemporary world

4385:

Atheism and agnosticism are not typically considered religions, but data about the prevalence of

4313:, but according to media reports and expert assessments, it is possible that the rapid growth of 4094:

Net change of religions due to religious conversion by Pew Research Center between 2010 and 2050

3633: 2703: 2224:, it will grow 1% to 2%. In Asia Pacific region, Muslims will surpass the Hindus by the time. In 2185: 1711: 1467: 1364: 1045: 1014: 942: 592: 15738: 14227: 13445: 11651:"Coming Home (Ghar Wapsi) and Going Away: Politics and the Mass Conversion Controversy in India" 10573:"Chinese Conversion to Evangelical Christianity: The Importance of Social and Cultural Contexts" 7401: 5503: 4704: 1967:; and if current trends continue, the number of Muslims will reach 2.9 billion (or 31.1%). 1848:, the process is called "reconversion" of Christians and Muslims who were previously converted. 16265: 15617: 14552: 12106: 10162:"Christianity faces sharp decline as Americans are becoming even less affiliated with religion" 9595: 7914: 6132: 4340: 3543: 2887: 2250: 2184:

It is often reported from various sources, including the German domestic intelligence service (

1747: 1286: 1135: 890: 886: 784: 719: 604: 596: 582: 578: 413: 361: 18182: 17703: 17667:"Dr. Todd M. Johnson " Institute on Culture, Religion & World Affairs – Boston University" 17146: 16985: 15439: 15108: 14530: 14098:

Jenkins, Philip. "The Lost History of Christianity." HarperCollins, New York, 2008, p. 118-119

11546: 11475: 10355:"The Persistent and Exceptional Intensity of American Religion: A Response to Recent Research" 9170:"Fearing a new holy empire: Just when Turks are worried about Christians, here comes the Pope" 6970: 6191: 5596: 2462:, in almost every country the Jewish population in general is either declining or steady, but 1474:

According to study published by the missionary statistician and professor David B. Barrett of

18340:

FAQ from Adherents.com describing why it is difficult to measure the fastest-growing religion

16369: 15317: 14300: 12159:"More in France Are Turning to Islam, Challenging a Nation's Idea of Itself (Published 2013)" 12037: 11625: 10397:"Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth?: Demography and Politics in the Twenty-First Century" 9749:

The Postsocialist Religious Question: Faith and Power in Central Asia and East-Central Europe

9721:

Convert Alert: German Muslims and Turkish Christians as Threats to Security in the New Europe

7280: 7247: 4314: 4226:

The largest net gains for the religiously unaffiliated between 2010 and 2050 are expected in

4090:

Buddhists and Jews are expected to lose 2.9 million and 0.3 million adherents, respectively.

3408: 2727: 2531: 2221: 2131: 2097:

Muslims decreased from 42% in 2008 to 31% in 2012 according to a telephone survey around the

1783: 1404: 1306: 981: 935: 903: 894: 878: 501:; and the number of Christians will reach 3.05 billion (or 31.8%). According to scholar 474: 387: 342: 120: 15793: 15175:"Religious Persecution & Oppression: A Study of Iranian Baha'ís' Strategies of Survival" 14574: 13179: 12867: 11932: 8538:

Er lächelt und antwortet in einwandfreiem Griechisch: ‚Ich bin eigentlich auch ein Albaner.'

7961: 5703:

The Future of World Religions p.8 Table: Size and Projected Growth of Major Religious Groups

5345: 5008: 2946:, "The two most recent American Religious Identification Surveys declare Wicca, one form of 2608:

around the world is expected to increase from 14.2 million in 2015 to 16.3 million in 2060.

1488:, approximately 2.7 million converting to Christianity annually from another religion, 1056:

forms. According to Blainey, this is due to several reasons, including the lack of ties of

18329:

Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth?: Demography and Politics in the Twenty-First Century

17584:

Todd M. Johnson, Brian J. Grim, International religious demographic statistics and sources

16596: 14168: 12258:"Vatican: Islam Surpasses Roman Catholicism as World's Largest Religion | Europe News" 11115: 9120: 6849: 6585:"The State Of Pentecostalism In Southeast Asia: Ethnicity, Class And Leadership – Analysis" 4086: 3453: 3042: 3015:

increased with the rise of Islam. From the 10th century onwards, Zoroastrians emigrated to

3004: 2883: 2597: 2481: 2172: 2148: 2115: 1924: 1739: 1668: 1642: 1479: 1452: 1356: 970: 907: 869: 823: 663: 632: 558: 295: 124: 77: 43: 16618: 14370: 14152: 14042: 13739:

Stark, Rodney. "God's Battalions: The Case for the Crusades". HarperCollins, 2009, p.15,93

9692:

Rise of French Laicite: French Secularism from the Reformation to the Twenty-first Century

9109:

In 2016, the government estimated the number of Christian converts at up to 3,000 persons.

8642: 8300: 5989:

Johnson, Todd M.; Zurlo, Gina A.; Hickman, Albert W.; Crossing, Peter F. (November 2017).

3813: 1867:

Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the world. In 1990, 1.1 billion people were

8: 16960:"Our year-long exploration of religions ends with Unitarianian Universalism and paganism" 16847: 16788: 16699: 16604: 16515: 16410:

There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California.

16290: 16214: 15794: 15613: 15321: 14219: 13333: 12895: 12466: 12198: 11359: 10192: 10166: 9332: 7100:

Protestants: 625,606,000; Independents: 421,689,000; Unaffiliated Christians: 123,508,000

6602: 6322: 5872: 5540: 4627: 4528: 4330: 4082: 2811: 2776: 2759: 2735: 2601: 2593: 2578: 2554: 2411: 2155: 2111: 1960: 1955: 1908: 1791: 1770: 1699: 1698:

is home to the largest Druzite community in the world, according to a study published by

1475: 1432: 1416: 1034: 1018: 931: 915: 843: 772: 739: 715: 662:

movement – is the fastest growing religion in the world, this growth is primarily due to

636: 542: 494: 486: 482: 302: 291: 286: 285:

According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey, over the next four decades the number of

145: 54: 16758: 16006:"Table QS210EW 2011 Census: Religion (Detailed), local authorities in England and Wales" 14993: 14190:"Haredi Orthodox account for bulk of Jewish population growth in New York City – Nation" 13823: 13212: 1282:

converted to Christianity annually, but were not publicized due to fear of retribution.

282:

is the only Buddhist majority region in Europe. It is an autonomous republic in Russia.

17955: 17915:

The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography

17870: 17585: 17095: 16600: 16341: 15196: 14015: 13394: 13264: 13249: 13163: 12616: 11287: 10920: 10912: 10871: 10592: 10261: 9918: 9037: 8740:

Religious Identity and Social Change: Explaining Christian conversion in a Muslim world

8430: 7348: 7127: 6010: 4283: 4247: 2823: 2637: 2199: 2086: 2054: 2033: 2022: 1928: 1522: 1448: 1428: 1424: 1302: 993: 989: 985: 818:

is growing primarily as a result of historic missionary activity and the recently high

696: 546: 502: 459: 354: 183: 49:

Studies in the 21st century suggest that, in terms of percentage and worldwide spread,

37:

and the increase in the numbers of religious adherents around the world. In sociology,

17012:"PRLog (Press Release) "Wicca"- The Fastest Growing Belief System in the World Today!" 14470: 13169: 12966:"The Future of the Global Muslim Population - Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life" 12947:"The Future of the Global Muslim Population - Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life" 12926:"The Future of the Global Muslim Population - Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life" 10627: 6942:

Handbook of Religion: A Christian Engagement with Traditions, Teachings, and Practices

5239:. Ethnographies of Religion. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 119. 2938:

an average annual growth of 143% for the period 1990 to 2001 (from 8,000 to 134,000 –

1621:

grew from 6,000 to 49,000, representing about 0.02% of the US population at the time.

18278: 18263: 18213: 18198: 18160: 18128: 18096: 18064: 17972: 17926: 17899: 17874: 17860: 17805: 17621: 17565: 17231: 17152: 16748:"Proportion and growth rate of population by religious communities, India, 1961–2001" 16680: 16563: 16132: 15906: 15873: 15805: 15682: 15200: 15146: 15045: 14999: 14437: 14405: 14306: 14115: 14022: 13961: 13955: 13934: 13850: 13567: 13174: 12257: 12166: 12073: 11629: 11552: 11481: 11258: 11233: 11205: 11149: 11104:

Christian - Muslim Fertility Differences in Poor Settings in Greater Beirut, Lebanon

11007: 10965: 10924: 10848: 10798: 10717: 10675: 10650: 10538: 10496: 9972: 9941: 9888: 9831: 9802: 9777: 9752: 9724: 9695: 9621: 9494: 9384: 9356: 9279: 9233: 9204: 9149: 9098: 9012: 8895: 8867: 8803: 8743: 8481: 8456: 8434: 8325: 8297:"Country Policy and Information Note - Bangladesh: Religious minorities and atheists" 8252: 8224: 8157: 8129: 8087: 7998: 7995:

Migration in the Southern Balkans. From Ottoman Territory to Globalized Nation States

7969: 7940: 7871: 7843: 7815: 7787: 7759: 7731: 7599: 7568: 7537: 7504: 7472: 7429: 7289: 6946: 6883: 6741: 6555:

continues to grow, both by conversion and by high birth rates (Freston 2013, p. 104).

6352: 6241: 6214: 6160: 6078: 6014: 5990: 5727: 5602: 5499: 5351: 5240: 5202: 5161: 4989: 4869: 4708: 4667: 4299: 3104: 3012: 2898: 2871: 2519: 2439: 2327: 2123: 2094: 2070: 2037: 1976: 1920: 1779: 1775: 1518: 1503: 1447:

has persisted and expanded in the United States. And according to Eric Kaufmann from

1332: 1167: 807: 679: 510: 509:, the global Christian population increased at an average annual rate of 2.3%, while 338: 128: 97: 17688: 15226: 13487:

It is the fastest-growing movement within the fastest-growing religion in the world.

12007: 11055:"Dying for Christianity: millions at risk amid rise in persecution across the globe" 10428:"Barrett, David B. (1927-2011): Missionary Statistician and Sociologist of Religion" 10414:"Barrett, David B. (1927-2011): Missionary Statistician and Sociologist of Religion" 9081:

A community of Syrians who converted to Christianity from Islam is growing in Kobani

8990: 8057: 5160:. Dynamics in the History of Religions. Leiden: BRILL (published 2013). p. xi. 2644: 18194: 18034: 17918: 17852: 17826:(Report). Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life. pp. 53–56 17509:"Kurdistan, the only government in Middle East that recognizes religious diversity" 16592: 15898: 15865: 15186: 14429: 14397: 14223: 13561: 12950: 11662: 11621: 11590: 11179: 10904: 10584: 10534: 10490: 10369: 10219: 9596:"GOD IN THE "LAND OF THE MERCEDES" THE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES IN ALBANIA SINCE 1990" 9446: 8420: 8412: 7915:"GOD IN THE "LAND OF THE MERCEDES" THE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES IN ALBANIA SINCE 1990" 7593: 7476: 7468: 6002: 4700: 4659: 3108: 2902: 2477: 2463: 2363: 2090: 2045: 1972: 1916: 1352: 1348: 1336: 1294: 1041: 839: 776: 759: 477:

has increased significantly; from 4 million before 1949 to 67 million in 2010.

93: 38: 17184: 15407: 15343:

Riḍván 1989 letter from the Universal House of Justice to the Bahá'ís of the World

13562:

David B. Barrett; George Thomas Kurian; Todd M. Johnson, eds. (15 February 2001).

10741:"Why the Chinese government is targeting young Christians in its latest crackdown" 10491:

David B. Barrett; George Thomas Kurian; Todd M. Johnson, eds. (15 February 2001).

7594:

David B. Barrett; George Thomas Kurian; Todd M. Johnson, eds. (15 February 2001).

7090:. Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary 5628:. Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary 5498:. Religions & Christianity in Today's China, Vol. II, 2012, No. 3, pp. 29–54, 5201:. Oxford Handbooks. Oxford: Oxford University Press (published 2014). p. 75. 2163: 1617:(ARIS) survey estimated that between 1990 and 2001 the number of self-identifying 18317: 18290:

Religion on the Move!: New Dynamics of Religious Expansion in a Globalizing World

18289: 18146: 18142: 18114: 18110: 18082: 18050: 18014: 17840: 17772: 17592: 17073: 16337: 15902: 15596: 14109: 13928: 13620: 13381: 13328: 13299: 13276: 13240: 13219: 13207: 13186: 13158: 13129: 12921: 12802: 12765:"Losing their religion: the hidden crisis of faith among Britain's young Muslims" 11852: 11699: 11477:

Religion on the Move!: New Dynamics of Religious Expansion in a Globalizing World

11173: 9044: 7384: 6267: 6235: 6154: 6072: 5494: 5234: 5196: 5155: 5015: 4996: 4462: 3073: 3000: 2828: 2685: 2559: 2523: 2512: 2459: 2394: 2379: 2371: 2244: 2217: 2212: 2119: 2080: 1959:

net gains through religious conversion into Islam (420,000). According to a 2017

1726: 1559:

converts to Christianity in India is not available, scholar William R. Burrow of

1340: 965: 667: 395: 160: 18336:, Belfer Center, Harvard University/Birkbeck College, University of London (PDF) 17788:

Barrett, David B.; Kurian, George T.; Johnson, Todd M. (2001). "World Summary".

14401: 13008: 10467:"Dr. Todd M. Johnson | Institute on Culture, Religion & World Affairs: CURA" 9579:"America Must Focus on Religious Persecution against Iranian Christian Converts" 9558:"America Must Focus on Religious Persecution against Iranian Christian Converts" 6599:"Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region" 2256: 938:, particularly among youth, and a high number of teens are becoming Christians. 17882: 17530: 17486: 17399: 17378:"Hopes for Zoroastrianism revival in Kurdistan as first temple opens its doors" 17377: 16609: 16316: 16240: 14433: 14357: 12284: 11909: 11749: 11444: 11103: 9799:

Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and Self-Expression, 2d ed

8275: 7215:

Latter-day Saint Social Life: Social Research on the LDS Church and Its Members

7185: 5755: 4266:

is expected to have the largest net loss of followers between 2010 and 2050 in

3948: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2964: 2894: 2800: 2751: 2713: 2574: 2535: 2501: 2497: 2489: 2359: 2319: 2167: 2143: 2139: 2041: 2028: 2018: 2013: 1730: 1729:

growth rate (2.5%) and the total population growth (1.7%), but higher than the

1707: 1514: 1440: 1436: 1384: 1267: 946: 919: 811: 768: 764: 755: 751: 735: 723: 652: 608: 522: 518: 116: 69: 62: 57:

predicts that the global Muslim population will grow at a faster rate than the

17922: 13537: 13142: 4652:

Miller, Donald E; Sargeant, Kimon H; Flory, Richard, eds. (9 September 2013).

1903:

global Muslim population increased at an average annual rate of 2.2%. By 2030

18357: 18333: 18255: 17856: 17625: 16236: 15610:"'No Religion' on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation" 15067: 15049: 15044:. Armenian Research Center collection. St. Martin's Press. pp. 470–473. 15037: 15003: 14296: 13417: 13147: 12170: 12077: 11072:

https://commons.trincoll.edu/aris/files/2013/11/ARIS-2001-report-complete.pdf

10215:"Christians are leaving the faith in droves and the trend isn't slowing down" 10059:"Christians are leaving the faith in droves and the trend isn't slowing down" 9130: 8829:. The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies. 20 June 2020. 8386:"Hundreds of asylum seekers in Finland converting from Islam to Christianity" 8140:

many as 20,000 to 40,000 Algerians, mostly Berbers, who have become Christian

7454:"Conversion Out of Islam: A Study of Conversion Narratives of Former Muslims" 6006: 4295: 4275: 4267: 4255: 4235: 4227: 3028: 2923: 2863: 2833: 2586: 2570: 2471: 2431: 2225: 2207: 2177: 1894: 1845: 1829: 1807: 1734: 1722: 1676: 1634: 1290: 1279: 1022: 977: 958: 835: 815: 705: 683: 648: 620: 600: 574: 570: 562: 550: 514: 18038: 17337: 11282: 10614:"Understanding the rapid rise of Charismatic Christianity in Southeast Asia" 9913: 8669:"'Our second mother': Iran's converted Christians find sanctuary in Germany" 7993:. In Vermeulen, Hans; Baldwin-Edwards, Martin; Van Boeschoten, Riki (eds.). 7812:

The Limits Of Social Cohesion: Conflict And Mediation In Pluralist Societies

7071:"Think religion is in decline? Look at who is 'going forth and multiplying'" 5488:

People's Republic of China: Religions and Churches Statistical Overview 2011

4688: 4686: 4321:. This scenario (Chinese scenario) is based primarily on sensitivity tests. 2202:: By 2050, India is projected to have the world's largest Muslim population. 2195: 1879:, as of 2007 estimated that the fastest-growing religion of the world to be 953: 914:

annual rate of 7% as of 2015. Some reports also show that the number of the

18178: 17629: 15925: 15419: 15263:. Genocide Watch; The International Alliance to End Genocide. 28 March 2012 15063: 14998:(PhD). Department of Geography, University of Hawaii. pp. 458–9, 472. 14335: 14302:

Jewish Survival: The Identity Problem at the Close of the Twentieth Century

14262:"Israel and the U.S. are Home to More Than Four-Fifths of the World's Jews" 12769: 11956: 8724: 8400: 7784:

Sociological Traditions: Methods and Perspectives in the Sociology of India

7206: 6769: 6522:"China on course to become 'world's most Christian nation' within 15 years" 5598:

Sustaining Faith Traditions: Race, Ethnicity, and Religion among the Latino

4287: 4263: 4251: 4239: 3768: 3183: 2977: 2942:/ similar for Canada & Australia). According to Anne Elizabeth Wynn of 2674: 2649: 2508: 2419: 2335: 2287: 1980: 1743: 1703: 1542: 1235: 688: 659: 628: 534: 204: 58: 18311:

Think religion is in decline? Look at who is 'going forth and multiplying'

18247: 17451:"Hamazor Issue #2 2017: "Kurdistan reclaims its ancient Zoroastrian Faith" 15895:

Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World

15869: 14644: 13170:

Fewer differences between foreign-born and Swedish born childbearing women

12591:

Long-Term Projections of Christian and Muslim Shares of World's Population

11385:"By 2050, India to have world's largest populations of Hindus and Muslims" 1883:(1.84%), high birth rates as the reason for the growths. According to the 1733:

population growth rate (1.0%). At the end of 2017, the average age of the

1067: 980:

is one of the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world.

537:

were being cited as the major reasons of the Christian population growth.

264:

Special administrative areas in China are Buddhist majority areas such as

16588: 15284:"Progress report from Mercyhurst: Assessing the risk of genocide in Iran" 15260: 15018: 13290: 12525:"Projected Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 2010–2050, p.11" 11846:"The Future of the Global Muslim Population, Related Factors: Conversion" 11779: 11573:

2011 Census reveals Hinduism as the fastest growing religion in Australia

10515: 10110:

Werner Ustorf. "A missiological postscript", in McLeod and Ustorf (eds),

10080:"Projected Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 2010–2050, p.44" 9009:

Singapore Malays: Being Ethnic Minority and Muslim in a Global City-State

8707:"Are Iran's Christian converts at greater risk after Soleimani's demise?" 7481: 4683: 3318: 2915: 2867: 2792: 2545: 2485: 2295: 2098: 1936: 1684: 1629: 1592: 1420: 1297:

who converted from Islam to Christianity", Scholar Dudley Woodberry form

1223: 1099: 1053: 1049: 874: 863: 566: 323: 104: 18344: 17959: 17941: 17552:

Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of.

16366:"American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance" 15661:

Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of.

11865:

The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050/

11667: 11650: 10916: 10892: 8800:

Politics, Identity and Education in Central Asia: Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan

8425: 6784:"AFP: In Indonesia, Lunar New Year an old practice for young Christians" 6410:"Turning point in Christianity: Eastern Europe in the late 20th Century" 6210:

The Teachings of Modern Protestantism on Law, Politics, and Human Nature

4647: 4645: 4433: 961:

is among the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world.

421:

World Christianity by tradition in 2024 as per World Christian Database

107:

vigorously (Christianity and Islam, for example), while others (such as

16398: 13689: 13077: 13034: 13032: 12597: 12436:"Relax Sangh Parivar, there is no evidence of a Muslim population bomb" 11981: 11767:

Behind the trend: High birthrates in Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.

11003:

Japanese American History: An A-To-Z Reference from 1868 to the Present

10596: 10572: 9996:"European churches say growing flock of Muslim refugees are converting" 9468: 9466: 9464: 8199:"European churches say growing flock of Muslim refugees are converting" 8056:. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 30 June 2015. Archived from 7964:. In King, Russell; Mai, Nicola; Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie (eds.). 6391:"Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe" 6182: 6180: 6178: 6176: 5709: 5429: 5410: 5391: 4456:"The Future of Global Muslim Population: Projections from 2010 to 2013" 4386: 4318: 2847: 2783:

A similar pattern has been found in other countries such as Australia,

2739: 2709: 2678: 2384: 2351: 2135: 1837: 1507: 1360: 1271: 1255: 1207: 1199: 1127: 1123: 1026: 984:

denominations also are among the fastest-growing denominations in some

747: 671: 656: 394:

to the community, the state, and the economy, that serves to integrate

73: 17096:"Projected Changes in the Populations of Adherents of Other Religions" 15860:

Mittal, Sushil (18 April 2006). Mittal, Sushil; Thursby, Gene (eds.).

15347: 15094:"Notes on the Bábí and Baháʼí Religions in Russia and its Territories" 14496:[The Jews of France: The slow progression of mixed marriages] 14396:, vol. 115, Springer International Publishing, pp. 273–364, 13753: 13718: 13351:

The Future of the Global Muslim Population (Projections for 2010–2030)

11308: 8781:"Muslim Kosovars rediscover their long-forgotten Roman Catholic roots" 8416: 7589: 7587: 5773:

Behind the trend: High birthrates and conversions in the global South.

5350:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 5. 2566:

as Jews continue to assimilate into the countries in which they live.

2158:

notes that "the data that we have isn't pointing in the direction of '

1798: 754:, still identified themselves as Christians today. On the other hand, 18156: 18124: 18092: 18060: 17848: 17766: 17487:"Zoroastrian faith returns to Kurdistan in response to ISIS violence" 17400:"Zoroastrian faith returns to Kurdistan in response to ISIL violence" 15413: 15191: 15174: 14677: 14062:"The Rights of Non-Muslims in Islam (part 1 of 13): An Islamic Basis" 13198:.", and (the articles) Farzaneh Roudi-Fahimi and Mary Mederios Kent, 12911: 12439: 9187:

conversion, according to Christian leaders in Turkey, is on the rise.

8906:. In all an estimated 40,000 Moroccans have converted to Christianity 8551: 7242: 6651:"Annual Report on International Religious Freedom for 2005 – Vietnam" 6040:"Africa overtakes Latin America for the highest Christian population" 5860: 5858: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5236:

Listening, Religion, and Democracy in Contemporary Boston: God's Ears

5192: 4896:"Protestantism: The fastest growing religion in the developing world" 4678:

Pentecostalism is the fastest-growing religious movement in the world

4642: 4279: 3065: 2992: 2911: 2628: 2261: 2229: 2074: 2021:, there is major decline in Muslim fertility rates as pointed out by 1999: 1588: 1576: 1534: 1344: 1310: 1239: 1115: 1111: 1091: 1072: 927: 881:

from 1% in 1900 to 29.3% in 2010, due to the efforts of missionaries.

851: 847: 838:, "both by conversion and by high birth rates". According to scholar 819: 631:

added nearly 50 million people due to factors such as birth rate and

554: 269: 258: 219: 172: 17793:: A comparative survey of churches and religions in the modern world 16603:

estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008. The

13534:"Uproar in Germany Over Salafi Drive to Hand Out Millions of Qurans" 13029: 11521:"Fueled by immigration, Hinduism becomes fourth-largest faith in US" 10908: 10588: 10374: 9461: 7990: 7654: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6173: 1694:

The Druzites reside primarily in Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Jordan.

976:

The total Protestant population has reached 1.17 billion in 2024.

18183:"The Baha'i Faith 1957–1988: A Survey of Contemporary Developments" 17258:"Where we belong: The fight of Parsi women in interfaith marriages" 16104:"Asian Indian Was The Largest Asian Alone Population Group in 2020" 14356:

Ari Paltiel, Michel Sepulchre, Irene Kornilenko, Martin Maldonado:

13013: 12703:"Do Muslims Have More Children Than Other Women in Western Europe?" 12105:. Council on American-Islamic Relations. p. 21. Archived from 11952:"Converting to Islam: British women on prayer, peace and prejudice" 10608: 10606: 10246: 9276:

The Iranian Diaspora: Challenges, Negotiations, and Transformations

8364:"Why Are So Many Muslim Refugees in Europe Suddenly Finding Jesus?" 7584: 6846:"In Indonesia, Lunar New Year an old practice for young Christians" 6346: 6044:

Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture

4693:

Anderson, Allan; Bergunder, Michael; Droogers, Andre (9 May 2012).

3363: 3273: 2947: 2855: 2768: 2539: 2299: 2189: 1841: 1766: 1665: 1653: 1388: 1380: 1251: 1215: 1171: 1155: 1139: 1087:

Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census study

1061: 855: 796: 792: 365: 319: 279: 250: 235: 231: 227: 200: 195: 179: 164: 112: 34: 18025:(2016). "Babi–Baha'i Expansion and "Geo-Cultural Breakthroughs"". 17531:"Zoroastrian faith returns to Kurdistan in response to ISIL viole" 14283:

Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, Bromiley ed, VI p 742

11283:"Religious conversion in Syria : Alawite and Druze believers" 11085: 11083: 11081: 11079: 9914:"Religious conversion in Syria : Alawite and Druze believers" 9216:

Muslim converts currently constitute the majority of Protestants..

9077:"Christianity grows in Syrian town once besieged by Islamic State" 7501:

An Introduction to Pentecostalism: Global Charismatic Christianity

7085:"Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050" 5849: 5778: 5623:"Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050" 2376:

The MacMillan Center Initiative on Religion, Politics, and Society

1017:

according to existing records of various societies. Data from the

61:

population – primarily due to the average younger age, and higher

16055:. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Archived from 13180:

Do Muslims have more children than other women in western Europe?

12408: 12230: 11882: 11772: 10700:

For Christians, however, there are some net gains from conversion

9677:"The Muslim refugees converting to Christianity 'to find safety'" 9129:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

8845:"The Muslim refugees converting to Christianity 'to find safety'" 8639:"Iran: Christians and Christian converts - Department of Justice" 8036: 7331:"A PORTRAIT OF JEWISH AMERICANS: Chapter 1: Population Estimates" 6305: 6186:

Jay Diamond, Larry. Plattner, Marc F. and Costopoulos, Philip J.

5991:"Christianity 2018: More African Christians and Counting Martyrs" 4501:"A Religious Forecast For 2050: Atheism Is Down, Islam Is Rising" 3858: 3678: 3588: 3498: 3016: 2897:

reasons (Sikhs being the wealthiest and most educated of India's

2843: 2837: 2804: 2755: 2743: 2660:, built in 1986. It attracts over 3 million visitors a year. 2542:

who make the decision to head in the direction of becoming Jews.

2474:

for religious reasons, have experienced rapid population growth.

2355: 2311: 2159: 1904: 1803: 1372: 1318: 1259: 1227: 1219: 1211: 1187: 1175: 1159: 1147: 1131: 1119: 1107: 1103: 788: 780: 489:

survey, within the next four decades, Christians will remain the

327: 223: 208: 108: 18049:(2022). "Ch. 41: The History of the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths". In 15739:"International Religious Freedom Report 2012 – New Zealand" 15478:. American Religious Identification Survey. 2008. Archived from 12098:

Bagby, Ihsan; Perl, Paul M.; Froehle, Bryan T. (26 April 2001).

10603: 6738:

Christian Movements in Southeast Asia: A Theological Exploration

4655:

Spirit and Power: The Growth and Global Impact of Pentecostalism

2500:

population is rising rapidly due to the young age and very high

1746:

women (3.2) and Muslim women (3.4) and the fertility rate among

218:

Buddhism is the majority and state religion in seven countries:

18223: 17352:"Iraqi Kurds turn to Zoroastrianism as faith, identity entwine" 17272:"Parsi population dips by 22 per cent between 2001-2011: study" 14936: 14934: 14494:"Les juifs de France: La lente progression des mariages mixtes" 14385: 13960:. Library Genesis. Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Springer. 13776:"Arab Invasions: The First Islamic Empire | History Today" 11076: 10516:

Hsu, Becky; Amy Reynolds; Conrad Hackett; James Gibbon (2008).

9870:"Sunni extremists threaten to kill Christian converts in north" 8154:

Lightning Out of Lebanon: Hezbollah Terrorists on American Soil

8039:. Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. 28 May 2019. 7655:"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census" 6959: 6765:

China accused of trying to 'co-opt and emasculate' Christianity

5123:"Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 2010–2050, p.43" 4271: 4259: 4231: 3903: 3723: 3046: 3038: 3003:

for more than a millennium, from around 600 BCE to 650 CE, but

2973: 2907: 2851: 2784: 2764: 2747: 2582: 2467: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2427: 2423: 2347: 2343: 2003: 1986: 1940: 1872: 1868: 1825: 1787: 1672: 1661: 1538: 1263: 1243: 1231: 1203: 1179: 1163: 1143: 859: 743: 624: 616: 612: 588: 341:

in the year 2010, the number of people practicing some form of

239: 18293:, BRILL, 21 November 2012, Afe Adogame, Shobana Shankar, 2012. 17818: 15425: 14135: 13930:

The Mellah Society: Jewish Community Life in Sherifian Morocco

11028:"Japanese Americans – Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life" 9303:"Iranian Christians in Leeds: xperiences of Church Membership" 7282:

How Jewish is Christianity?: 2 views on the Messianic movement

5509: 4309:

These forecasts lack reliable data on religious conversion in

4058:*Rate = average annual growth rate, percent per year indicated 3116:

World religious beliefs / Non-beliefs by adherents, 1900–2010

3037:

has the world's largest Zoroastrian population who are called

1706:

increased from 684,000 in 2010 to 730,000 in mid of 2018. The

119:). The growth of a religion can interact with factors such as 16353:

Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.

15703:"México sigue siendo católico… pero crece el número de ateos" 14915:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from 14889:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from 14863:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from 14837:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from 14811:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from 14785:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from 14759:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from 14733:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from 14699: 11926: 11924: 8936:"Morocco's 'hidden' Christians to push for religious freedom" 8575:"Over 20,000 converted to Christianity since 1990 in Kashmir" 8450: 7770:

almost two million nominal Muslims to convert to Christianity

7533:

Christianity and Freedom: Volume 2, Contemporary Perspectives

6227: 5347:

An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices

5018:

Oxford Islamic Studies Online, Oxford University Press (2012)

4525:"Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group" 4310: 4243: 3228: 3061: 3054: 3034: 3020: 2969: 2935: 2859: 2788: 2657: 2558:

religious practice. The result is that most countries in the

2390: 2315: 2307: 2303: 2291: 2107: 1991: 1880: 1821: 1695: 1680: 1649: 1638: 1618: 1584: 1572: 1564: 1556: 1392: 1376: 1327: 1314: 1247: 1183: 1151: 827: 331: 273: 265: 254: 187: 156: 50: 18246:. Baháʼí International Community. p. 14. Archived from 18013:, Mumbai: National Commission for Minorities, archived from 17787: 17595:, International religious demographic statistics and sources 16784:"1. Changes in son preference, ultrasound use and fertility" 16673: 15525: 15523: 15024: 14931: 12914:, The Future of the Global Muslim Population, January 2011, 11855:, The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, 27 January 2011 9828:

Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia

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more than 20,000 Abkhazian Muslims converted to Christianity

8251:. Facoltà di scienze politiche "Cesare Alfieri. p. 69. 8037:"Kabylia: Christian Churches Closed by Algerian Authorities" 7365: 7123:"1 Million Evangelical Christians March for Jesus in Brazil" 5689: 5687: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5555: 5553: 5325: 2866:. Outside of India, the largest Sikh communities are in the 2518:

There is also a trend of Orthodox movements reaching out to

1278:

in 2007, experts estimated that thousands of Muslims in the

1098:

Christians of Muslim background communities can be found in

16870:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (23 January 2019).

16480: 16451: 15979:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022).

15953:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022).

15721:"Mexico still Catholic, but number of atheists on the rise" 15590:

American Religious Identification Survey, Full PDF Document

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Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2014-04-21.

12798:"Losing Their Religion: When Muslim Immigrants Leave Islam" 11099: 11097: 10759:"Conversions to Christianity Among Highly Educated Chinese" 10014:"Muslim refugees are converting to Christianity in Germany" 6986:"VATICAN - CATHOLIC CHURCH STATISTICS 2018 - Agenzia Fides" 6740:. Trinity Theological College (Singapore). pp. 60–61. 5988: 4917:"Why is Protestantism flourishing in the developing world?" 4837: 4835: 4833: 3024: 2605: 2415: 2238: 2103: 1995: 1932: 1888: 1580: 1195: 1191: 1011: 243: 186:, commonly known as the Buddha, who was born in modern day 17734:"The Specter of Ideological Genocide: The Baháʼís of Iran" 17426:"The curious rebirth of Zoroastrianism in Iraqi Kurdistan" 17417: 17294: 17282: 11982:"Converting to Islam - the white Britons becoming Muslims" 11921: 11544: 11473: 11360:"Hindu Religion Information Data and Statistics | PEW-GRF" 10893:"State and Social Christianity in Post-colonial Singapore" 10430:. School of Theology - Boston University. 20 January 2017. 10416:. School of Theology - Boston University. 20 January 2017. 9146:

Religion and Contemporary Politics: A Global Encyclopedia

9059:"Christian convert from Iran converting Muslims in Sweden" 8991:"Iranian refugees turn to Christianity in the Netherlands" 6705:"6 facts about South Korea's growing Christian population" 6633:"6 facts about South Korea's growing Christian population" 6342: 6340: 5670:"Global Christianity: Regional Distribution of Christians" 4814: 4812: 360:

According to scholars Miikka Ruokanen and Paulos Huang of

18237: 17802:

Zoroastrians : their religious beliefs and practices

17035:"Rise in paganism in Southeast Valley mirrors U.S. trend" 15640:"Who's religious? by Warren Clark and Grant Schellenberg" 15520: 15371: 15359: 15353: 14684:. Institute on Culture, Religion, and World Affairs. 2020 13346: 12791: 12789: 12787: 12462:"David Ignatius: A demographic shift in the Muslim world" 12011: 10313: 10112:

The Decline of Christendom in (Western) Europe, 1750–2000

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Khalil, Mohammad Hassan; Bilici, Mucahit (January 2007).

6591: 6439:. pp. 2, 8 and footnote 14 on page 8. Archived from 5684: 5574: 5550: 5313:. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. 18 December 2012 5287:. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. 18 December 2012 4692: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 1884: 1710:

have the lowest fertility among all age groups after the

1033:

identify themselves as Christians. According to study by

969:

Americas and Europe. On the other hand, Eric Kaufman, of

17100: