Emergency medical technician

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although the number and type of medications may vary substantially from region to region. ACPs perform advanced airway management including intubation, surgical airways, intravenous therapy, place external jugular IV lines, perform needle thoracotomy, perform and interpret 12-lead ECGs, perform synchronized and chemical cardioversion, transcutaneous pacing, perform obstetrical assessments, and provide pharmacological pain relief for various conditions. Several sites in Canada have adopted pre-hospital fibrinolytics and rapid sequence induction, and prehospital medical research has permitted a great number of variations in the scope of practice for ACPs. Current programs include providing ACPs with discretionary direct 24-hour access to PCI labs, bypassing the emergency department, and representing a fundamental change in both the way that patients with S-T segment elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI) are treated, but also profoundly affecting survival rates, as well as bypassing closer hospitals to get an identified stroke patient to a stroke centre.

340: 1077:" (ALS) unit. Many states allow ambulance crews to contain a mix of crews levels (e.g. an EMT and a paramedic or an AEMT and a paramedic) to staff ambulances and operate at the level of the highest trained provider. There is nothing stopping supplemental crew members to be of a certain certification, though (e.g. if an ALS ambulance is required to have two paramedics, then it is acceptable to have two paramedics and an EMT). An emergency vehicle with only EMRs or a combination of both EMRs and EMTs is still dubbed a "basic life support" (BLS) unit. An EMR must usually be overseen by an EMT-level provider or higher to work on a transporting ambulance. 266:

the next three successive levels of practice, the high number of EMRs across Canada cannot be ignored as contributing a critical role in the chain of survival, although it is a level of practice that is least comprehensive (clinically speaking), and is also generally not consistent with any medical acts beyond advanced first-aid and oxygen therapy, administration of ASA, I.M. epinephrine and glucagon, oral glucose and administration of intranasal Narcan with the exception of automated external defibrillation (which is still considered a regulated medical act in most provinces in Canada).

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someone registered with the Alberta College of Paramedics can call themselves a paramedic; the title is legally protected. Almost all provinces have moved to adopting the new titles, or have at least recognized the NOCP document as a benchmarking document to permit inter-provincial labour mobility of practitioners, regardless of how titles are specifically regulated within their own provincial systems. In this manner, the confusing myriad of titles and occupational descriptions can at least be discussed using a common language for comparison sake.

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paramedics in associate degree programs. EMT training programs take place at numerous locations, such as universities, community colleges, technical schools, hospitals or EMS academies. Every state in the United States has an EMS lead agency or state office of emergency medical services that regulates and accredits EMT training programs. Most of these offices have web sites to provide information to the public and individuals who are interested in becoming an EMT.

187: 215:. Some specific recommendations include modified call queries, symptom screening, universal PPE use, hand hygiene, physical distancing, and stringent disinfection protocols. Research on ambulance ventilation systems found that aerosols often recirculate throughout the compartment, creating a health hazard for EMTs when transporting sick patients capable of airborne transmission. Unidirectional airflow design can better protect workers. 356:

While a PCP and ACP may run 40–50 medical codes per year, a CCP may run 1–2 in an entire career. IV/IO starts are nearly non-existent in the field and for this reason CCPs are required to attend nearly double the amount of time in classroom situations or in hospital to keep current. In addition to this, they are trained for other skills such as medication infusion pumps, mechanical ventilation, and arterial line monitoring.

306:), and other fundamental basic medical care. Primary care paramedics may also receive additional training in order to perform certain skills that are normally in the scope of practice of advanced care paramedics. This is regulated both provincially (by statute) and locally (by the medical director), and ordinarily entails an aspect of medical oversight by a specific body or group of physicians. This is often referred to as " 41: 1178:, as well as ambulances. In many other locations, emergency medical services are provided by a separate, or "third-party", municipal government emergency agency (e.g. Boston EMS, Austin-Travis County EMS). In still other locations, emergency medical services are provided by volunteer agencies. College and university campuses may provide emergency medical responses on their own campus using students. 1824: 820: 352:

often work in collaboration with registered nurses and respiratory therapists during hospital transfers. This ensures continuity of care. However, when acuity is manageable by a CCP or a registered nurse or respiratory therapist is not available, CCPs will work alone. Providing this care to the patient allows the sending hospital to avoid losing highly trained staff on hospital transfers.

1828: 890:(NREMT) is a nonprofit organization which offers certification exams based on NHTSA education guidelines and has been around since the 1970s. Currently, NREMT exams are used by 46 states as the sole basis for certification at one or more EMT certification levels. A NREMT exam consists of skills and patient assessments as well as a written portion. 946:

emergency medical responder (replacing first responder), emergency medical technician (replacing EMT-basic), advanced emergency medical technician (replacing EMT-intermediate/85), and paramedic (replacing EMT-intermediate/99 and EMT-paramedic). Education requirements in transitioning to the new levels are substantially similar.

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initiation). In addition, when multiple levels can perform the same procedure (e.g. AEMT-critical care and paramedics in New York), a procedure can be both an on-line and a standing order depending on the level of the provider. Since no set of protocols can cover every patient situation, many systems

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In addition, a minimum of continuing education (CE) hours is required to maintain certification. For example, to maintain NREMT certification, EMTs must obtain at least 48 hours of additional education and either complete a 24-hour refresher course or complete an additional 24 hours of CE that cover,

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in Canada is necessarily broad, and general. Specific regulatory frameworks and questions related to paramedic practices can only definitively be answered by consulting relevant provincial legislation, although provincial paramedic associations may often offer a simpler overview of this topic when it

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In 2009, the NREMT posted information about a transition to a new system of levels for emergency care providers developed by NHTSA with the National EMS Scope of Practice Project. By 2014, these new levels replaced the fragmented system found around the United States. The new classification includes

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On June 12, 2019, the NREMT changed the rules regarding age limits for EMTs, AEMTs, and paramedics. There is no longer an age limit for registered personnel. However, applicants must successfully complete a state-approved EMT course that meets or exceeds the NREMT standards within the past two years

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Paramedics are trained to the EMT standard and additional training in advanced pharmacology, anatomy, advanced airway management (supraglottic airways), some advanced life support skills, 12-leads ECGs, administration of medication typically oral, intramuscular, inhaled, nebulised or sublingual, and

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to province, and include direct government regulation (such as Ontario's method of credentialing its practitioners with the title of A-EMCA, or advanced emergency medical care assistant) to professional self-regulating bodies, such as the Alberta College of Paramedics. In Alberta, for instance, only

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There is considerable degree of inter-provincial variation in the Canadian paramedic practice. Although a national consensus (by way of the National Occupational Competency Profile) identifies certain knowledge, skills, and abilities as being most synonymous with a given level of paramedic practice,

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Lindsley, William G.; Blachere, Francoise M.; McClelland, Tia L.; Neu, Dylan T.; Mnatsakanova, Anna; Martin, Stephen B.; Mead, Kenneth R.; Noti, John D. (2 December 2019). "Efficacy of an ambulance ventilation system in reducing EMS worker exposure to airborne particles from a patient cough aerosol

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are identified as "paramedics" by the public. However, in many cases, the most prevalent level of emergency pre-hospital care is that which is provided by an emergency medical responder (EMR). This is a level of practice recognized under the National Occupational Competency Profile, although unlike

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EMT training programs vary greatly in calendar length (number of days or months). For example, fast track programs are available for EMTs that are completed in two weeks by holding class for 8 to 12 hours a day for at least two weeks. Other training programs are months long, or up to two years for

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Critical care paramedics (CCPs) are paramedics who generally do not respond to 9-1-1 emergency calls, with the exception of helicopter "scene" calls. Instead they focus on transferring patients from the hospital they are currently in to other hospitals that can provide a higher level of care. CCPs

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EMTs and paramedics are employed in varied settings, mainly the prehospital environment such as in EMS, fire, and police agencies. They can also be found in positions ranging from hospital and health care settings, to industrial and entertainment positions. The prehospital environment is loosely

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EMTs are exposed to a variety of hazards such as lifting patients and equipment, treating those with infectious disease, handling hazardous substances, and transportation via ground or air vehicles. Employers can prevent occupational illness or injury by providing safe patient handling equipment,

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Treatments and procedures administered by paramedics fall under one of two categories, off-line medical orders (standing orders) and on-line medical orders. On-line medical orders refers to procedures that must be explicitly approved by a base hospital physician or registered nurse through voice

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EMT training programs for certification vary greatly from course to course, provided that each course at least meets local and national requirements. In the United States, EMRs receive at least 40–80 hours of classroom training and EMTs receive at least 120–300 hours of classroom training. AEMTs

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CCPs often work in fixed and rotary wing aircraft when the weather permits and staff are available, but systems such as the Toronto EMS Critical Care Transport Program work in land ambulances. ORNGE transport operates both land and aircraft in Ontario. In British Columbia, CCPs work primarily in

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CCPs are able to provide all of the care that PCPs and ACPs provide. That being said, CCPs significantly lack practical experience with advanced skills such as IV initiation, peripheral access to cardiovascular system for fluid and drug administration, advanced airway, and many other techniques.

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Advanced care paramedic (ACP) is a level of practitioner that is in high demand by many services across Canada. However, Quebec only utilizes this level of practice in a very limited fashion as part of a pilot program in Montreal. The ACP typically carries approximately 20 different medications,

1145:. These procedures often vary from county to county based on local needs, levels of training and clinical experiences. New York State has similar procedures, whereas a regional medical-advisory council (REMAC) determines protocols for one or more counties in a geographical section of the state. 971:

EMT is the next level of EMS certification and is considered the most common entry level of training. The procedures and skills allowed at this level include bleeding control, management of burns, splinting of suspected fractures and spinal injuries, childbirth, cardiopulmonary resuscitation,

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In some states of the US, many EMS agencies are run by independent non-profit volunteer first aid squads that are their own corporations set up as separate entities from fire departments. In this environment, volunteers are hired to fill certain blocks of time to cover emergency calls. These

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Paramedic training in Canada varies regionally; for example, the length of training may be eight months in British Columbia or two to four years in Ontario, Alberta, and Quebec. The nature of training and how it is regulated, like actual paramedic practice, varies from province to province.

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A five-day course including the FAR course, with additional first aid and basic life support training that includes anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, cardiovascular emergencies, general medical emergencies, musculoskeletal head and spinal injuries, pediatrics and childbirth,

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In addition to each level's didactic education, clinical rotations are typically also required. Similar in a sense to medical school clinical rotations, EMT students are required to spend a required amount of time in an ambulance and on a variety of hospital services (e.g.

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As of 2016, The IHCD Ambulance Technician Certificate was replaced with the FAQ Level 4 Diploma for Associate Ambulance Practitioners & QA Level 5 Diploma in First Response Emergency and Urgent Care (RQF) This provided a defined scope of practice agreed nationally by

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work with protocols as guidelines. Systems also have policies in place to handle medical direction when communication failures happen or in disaster situations. The NHTSA curriculum is the foundation Standard of Care for EMS providers in the US.

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EMR is the most basic level of training, and is considered the bare minimum certification for rescuers that respond to medical emergencies. EMRs are typically on-call volunteers in rural communities, or are primarily employed as firefighters or

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EMRs provide advanced first aid-level care, CPR, semi-automatic defibrillation, basic airway management (suction/oropharyngeal airway), oxygen therapy, and administration of basic, life-saving medications such as epinephrine and naloxone.

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of applying. Those applying for the NREMT certification must also complete a state-approved EMT psychomotor exam. It is possible for the candidate to be refused access to a state-approved course due to their age within the state.

1409:"Interim Recommendations for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Systems and 911 Public Safety Answering Points/Emergency Communication Centers (PSAP/ECCs) in the United States During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic" 1113:

The number of clinical hours for both time in an ambulance and time in the hospital vary depending on local requirements, the level the student is obtaining, and the amount of time it takes the student to show competency.

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is not commonly used by members of the public in the United Kingdom. Instead, it is common for all ambulance personnel to be referred to as "paramedics", although the paramedic title is protected under registration of the

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In Canada, the levels of paramedic practice as defined by the National Occupational Competency Profile are: emergency medical responder (EMR), primary care paramedic, advanced care paramedic, and critical care paramedic.

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Paramedics typically represent the highest degree of pre-hospital medical provider, providing advanced life support (ALS) care. Paramedics perform a variety of medical procedures such as endotracheal intubation,

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transports that require skills outside the scope of a standard paramedic (such as mechanical ventilation and management of cardiac assist devices). In addition, EMTs can seek out specialty certifications such as

700:(TES) are trained a total of 2000hrs in 2 years with 3 months of internship in ambulances at the very end. It's the only level of EMS worker. BLS ambulances can be driven with a B license, ALS with a C1. 1130:

In the United States, an EMT's actions in the field are governed by state regulations, local regulations, and by the policies of their EMS organization. The development of these policies are guided by a

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Some states also recognize the advanced practice paramedic or critical care paramedic level as a state-specific licensure above that of paramedic. These critical care paramedics generally perform

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crisis. EMTs are a vital part of the private, voluntary and auxiliary services where a practitioner must be on board any ambulance in the process of transporting a patient to hospital.

1073:(BLS) unit, an ambulance utilizing AEMTs is dubbed an "intermediate life support" (ILS), or "limited advanced life support" (LALS) unit, and an ambulance with paramedics is dubbed an " 230:

each province retains ultimate authority in legislating the actual administration and delivery of emergency medical services within its own borders. For this reason, any discussion of

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personnel. EMRs typically arrive quickly and assess and stabilize the patient before the transporting ambulance arrives, and then assist the crew with patient care and packaging.

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In California, for example, each county's local emergency medical service agency (LEMSA) issues a list of standard operating procedures or protocols, under the supervision of the

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aircraft with a dedicated critical care transport crew in Trail for long-distance transfers and a regular CCP street crew stationed in South Vancouver that often also performs

834: 976:, blood glucose monitoring, auscultation of lung sounds, and administration of a limited set of medications (including oxygen, epinephrine, dextrose, naloxone, albuterol, 200:

implementing a training program to educate EMTs on job hazards, and supplying PPE such as respirators, gloves, and isolation gowns when dealing with biological hazards.

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The B-TEC course is a tactical course available to EFRs, EMTs and paramedics to provide medical interventions in hostile environments. This includes the use of

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Whilst paramedics in Ireland do work on front-line ambulances the PHECC standards for are generally lower than most of the world leaders in pre-hospital care.

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They can work autonomously, making their own clinical decisions within their training and remit. They may also work as a clinical lead working alongside an

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generally have 100-300 hours of additional classroom training beyond the standard EMT training. Paramedics are trained for 1,500–2,500 hours or more.

887: 984:, and acetylsalicylic acid). Some areas may add to the scope of practice, including intravenous access, insertion of supraglottic airway devices, and 709: 307: 903: 734: 1142: 809: 2138: 725:. Most EMTs hold an Institute for Healthcare Development Ambulance Technician Certificate and are employed in private ambulance companies or in 883: 882:

set their own standards of certification (or licensure, in some cases) and all EMT training must meet the minimum requirements as set by the

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and in fire departments in the US and Canada, as full-time and some part-time departments require their firefighters to be EMT certified.

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This is mandatory for all PHECC registered practitioners to keep their practitioner level and should always be kept in date (two years).

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on an hour by hour basis, the same topics as the refresher course would. Recertification for other levels follows a similar pattern.

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A three-day course including CFR, with additional training in patient assessment, common medical emergencies, injury management and

2697: 2570: 468:, pulse checks and oxygen administration. CFR-A is also the minimum standard for entry into the Emergency First Responder Program. 403:) calls is a minimum of a two-paramedic crew, although this minimum requirement was relaxed to and EMT - paramedic crew during the 1393: 3176: 2432: 935: 1382:. Morgantown, West Virginia: United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1769: 212: 681:

Emergency medical technician (EMT), paramedic (P) and advanced paramedic (AP) are legally defined and protected titles in the

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Emergency medical technician (EMT), paramedic (P) and advanced paramedic (AP) are legally defined and protected titles in the

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In many places across the United States, it is not uncommon for the primary employer of EMRs, EMTs, and paramedics to be a

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is a term that has existed for many years in the United Kingdom, but has no single defined scope. They may be known as

686: 1984: 2622: 1304: 1253: 860: 726: 3084: 1196: 444: 400: 279: 2358: 1345: 907: 842: 314:, Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador, many paramedic services allow primary care paramedics to perform 12-lead 2487: 2643: 1174:, with the fire department providing the primary emergency medical system response including "first responder" 1138:, often with the advice of a medical advisory committee composed of paramedics and other health professionals. 396: 339: 156:

are a separate profession that has additional educational requirements, qualifications, and scope of practice.

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calls) services, but many ambulance services and EMS agencies operate both non-emergency and emergency care.

1434: 395:(PHECC). Emergency medical technician is the entry-level standard of practitioner for employment within the 2767: 1673:

Emergency Services Training Institute | Emergency Medical Training | First Aid Training | Paramedic | ESTI

1543: 2965: 2883: 2855: 2845: 2840: 2772: 2744: 682: 399:. Currently, EMTs are authorized to work on non-emergency ambulances only as the standard for emergency ( 256: 3068: 3056: 2713: 2596: 1257: 972:

semi-automatic defibrillation, oral suctioning, insertion of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways,

283: 142: 1794: 1408: 3166: 2752: 2145: 997: 780: 621: 2823: 2762: 1324: 1022: 745: 274:

Primary care paramedics (PCP) are the entry-level of paramedic practice in Canadian provinces. The

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communication (generally by phone or radio) and are generally rare or high risk procedures (e.g.

774: 770: 659: 613: 572: 1770:"Ambulance Practitioner Qualification | Ambulance Technician | Emergency Medical Technician EMT" 829:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

3197: 2888: 2067: 2010: 1694: 1643: 1110:) in order to complete a course and become eligible for the certification and licensure exams. 1932: 3109: 2734: 2310: 2113: 2092: 1668: 1349: 1249: 1074: 1042: 1033:, drug administration, obtaining intravenous and intraosseous access, manual defibrillation, 1005: 756: 663: 544: 529: 299: 3233: 3207: 3114: 2850: 2813: 2513:"Advanced Life Support Treatment In Communication Failure or Without Base Hospital contact" 1095: 939: 224: 27: 1962: 878:

In the United States, EMTs are certified according to their level of training. Individual

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as well as trauma related injuries such as the management of bleeding and fractures, etc.

8: 3099: 2985: 2792: 1336: 1103: 1030: 1009: 977: 667: 609: 533: 485: 388: 319: 2574: 3202: 3004: 2975: 2903: 2729: 1496: 1375: 1070: 1046: 436: 243: 179:. EMTs provide medical care under a set of protocols, which are typically written by a 2436: 1376:"Emergency Medical Services Workers: How Employers Can Prevent Injuries and Exposures" 658:

Trained to paramedic level plus extensive advanced pharmacology, anatomy, physiology,

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A state-level exam needs to be completed before an invitation to register as an EMT.

465: 404: 315: 275: 204: 2623:"National Collegiate Emergency Medical Services Foundation, Groups Listed by Region" 1568: 751:

As the role does not have a single defined scope, the skills they have can include:

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This is the minimum standard for an emergency ambulance in the Republic of Ireland.

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Advanced EMT is the level of training between EMT and paramedic. They can provide

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for a variety of emergency medical conditions (these include oxygen, epinephrine,

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Christopher Page; Keila Vazquez; Majd Sbat; Zeynep Deniz Yalcin (25 April 2013).

1171: 1058: 1054: 589: 168: 575:, with 120 hours of classroom training followed by 40 hours clinical placement. 3145: 3130: 3089: 2548: 2486:. Riverside County Emergency Medical Services Agency. p. 1. Archived from 2388: 2177: 2176:. South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. Archived from 1175: 1026: 973: 510: 461: 295: 2284: 159:

EMTs are often employed by public ambulance services, municipal EMS agencies,

3222: 3104: 2830: 2682: 2093:"EMT Recertification Cheat Sheet and Information Recertification Cheat Sheet" 1484: 1388: 1038: 981: 605: 460:

A one-day course including CFR, with additional scope including the use of a

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National Highway Traffic Safety Agency, Office of Emergency Medical Services

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any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

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volunteers have the same state certification as their paid counterparts.

1150: 1001: 513:. An EFR may also assist in the giving of nitroglycerin as a medication. 489: 344: 310:", or a role played by a base hospital. For example, in the provinces of 186: 2458: 988:. Training requirements and treatment protocols vary from area to area. 2835: 1827:. National Highway Transportation Safety Administration. Archived from 1107: 1091: 879: 777:

routes; typically oral, intramuscular, inhaled, nebulised or sublingual

737:. Their role title, however, may still be defined by their employer as 585: 291: 262: 160: 2461:. Adirondack - Appalachian Regional Emergency Medical Services Council 1221:

The Emergency Medical Responder: Training and Succeeding as an EMT/EMR

3150: 3027: 2908: 2818: 2787: 1132: 617: 180: 153: 146: 125: 108: 20: 2647: 2335:. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. Archived from 2309:. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. Archived from 1931:. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. Archived from 1880:. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. Archived from 1854:. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. Archived from 211:

and other agencies and organizations have issued guidance regarding

171:. Some EMTs are paid employees, while others (particularly those in 3192: 2918: 1163:

divided into non-emergency (e.g. patient transport) and emergency (

1012:, capnography, and administration of some additional medications. 783:, including manual defibrillation and supraglottic airway placement 287: 164: 2038: 3094: 2518:. Orange County Emergency Medical Services Agency. Archived from 2387:. California Emergency Medical Services Authority. Archived from 2114:"Emergency Medical Technician-Basic National Standard Curriculum" 1099: 581: 361: 311: 2678:

United States National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians

1515:"Primary Care Paramedic - Justice Institute of British Columbia" 494:

This course is the new standard for first aid in the workplace.

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Infectious disease has become a major concern in light of the

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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

597: 440: 1435:"First Responders, Law Enforcement, and Public Services" 1339:"Analysis of Emergency Medical Systems Across the World" 786:

Ability to discharge patients to different care pathways

2677: 2119:. National Highway Transportation Safety Administration 1297:

Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) (Speedy Study Guide)

1279:"What's the Difference Between an EMT and a Paramedic?" 2144:. California EMSA. pp. 6–7, 11–23. Archived from 1373: 966: 949: 2035:"Critical Care Emergency Medical Transport Program" 1374:Reichard, A.; Marsh, S.; Olsavsky, R. (July 2017). 282:, interpretation of 4-lead ECGs, administration of 2411:"What is the Bureau of Emergency Medical Services" 888:National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians 411:PHECC responder levels (basic life support (BLS)) 23:, a higher level of pre-hospital medical provider. 16:Health care provider of emergency medical services 1465:Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 710:Emergency medical personnel in the United Kingdom 3220: 1323:", International Association of Fire Chiefs and 904:Emergency medical responder levels by U.S. state 1143:California Emergency Medical Services Authority 912:NHTSA recognizes four levels of certification: 810:Emergency medical services in the United States 608:and the administration of medication typically 235:is restricted to a province-by-province basis. 190:EMTs loading an injured skier into an ambulance 49:, a global symbol of emergency medical service. 2712: 2459:"AAREMS 2007 Regional ALS Treatment Protocols" 1250:"Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics" 884:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 250: 3012: 2698: 2646:. NJ State First Aid Council. Archived from 1819: 1817: 1815: 1069:An ambulance with only EMTs is considered a 922:Advanced emergency medical technician (AEMT) 748:or as assistants themselves to a paramedic. 644:they are also allowed to maintain IV lines. 1852:"Legal Opinion: Certification v. Licensure" 1669:"BTEC Basic Tactical Emergency Care Course" 1219:Ventura, Christian (20 January 2021). "1". 886:'s (NHTSA's) standards for curriculum. The 26:"EMTs" redirects here. For other uses, see 3019: 3005: 2705: 2691: 2435:. Orange County EMS Agency. Archived from 2361:. Orange County EMS Agency. Archived from 2235:. Orange County EMS Agency. Archived from 1439:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1413:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1299:. Speedy Publishing LLC. 2014. p. 1. 938:, wilderness paramedic, tactical EMT, and 334: 325: 209:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 145:. EMTs are most commonly found serving on 141:) is a medical professional that provides 39: 2547:. Medics On The Ball, Inc. Archived from 2307:"Recertification Policies and Procedures" 1812: 1387: 1080: 861:Learn how and when to remove this message 580:EMT's are trained in basic life support, 322:to deliver a few additional medications. 269: 1330: 338: 185: 3177:Wilderness emergency medical technician 2066:. NHTSA. September 2006. Archived from 1218: 1202: 435:A one-day course including training in 3221: 2061:"National EMS Scope of Practice Model" 1795:"The Human Medicines Regulations 2012" 769:Administration of medicines by select 685:based on the standard set down by the 391:based on the standard set down by the 376: 280:semi-automated external defibrillation 213:workplace hazard controls for COVID-19 3000: 2783:Advanced emergency medical technician 2686: 2413:. New York State Department of Health 1457: 1455: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1223:. Springer International Publishing. 666:access, a wide range of medications, 2285:"Emergency Medical Services Program" 1849: 1214: 1212: 1125: 813: 765:the Human Medicines Regulations 2012 2573:. City of Santa Ana. Archived from 2203:"NREMT – Advanced Psychomotor Exam" 2011:"Tennessee Critical Care Paramedic" 1432: 1406: 798:Health and Care Professions Council 452:Cardiac first responder (advanced) 393:Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Council 13: 2385:"EMS Authority's Mandates Summary" 1745:"Education and Training Standards" 1720:"Education and Training Standards" 1544:"Cardiac First Response Community" 1452: 1321:Handbook for EMS Medical Directors 1237: 1064: 1008:access, basic cardiac monitoring, 967:Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) 919:Emergency medical technician (EMT) 194: 14: 3245: 2666: 1569:"Cardiac First Response Advanced" 1396:from the original on Apr 5, 2023. 1254:United States Department of Labor 1209: 950:Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) 916:Emergency medical responder (EMR) 703: 698:Técnico en Emergencias Sanitarias 629: 562: 3085:Automated external defibrillator 2259:"2008 EMT-Basic Course Schedule" 1283:UCLA Center for Prehospital Care 1197:List of EMS provider credentials 873: 818: 803: 445:automated external defibrillator 242:Regulatory frameworks vary from 2636: 2615: 2589: 2563: 2537: 2505: 2473: 2451: 2425: 2403: 2377: 2351: 2325: 2299: 2277: 2251: 2225: 2195: 2163: 2131: 2106: 2085: 2053: 2027: 2003: 1977: 1947: 1921: 1896: 1870: 1843: 1787: 1762: 1737: 1712: 1687: 1661: 1636: 1611: 1586: 1561: 1536: 1507: 1346:Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1000:(ILS) care including obtaining 991: 908:Paramedics in the United States 152:In English-speaking countries, 1825:"National Standard Curriculum" 1695:"Emergency Medical Technician" 1426: 1400: 1367: 1313: 1289: 1271: 676: 670:, manual defibrillation, etc. 649: 519:Basic tactical emergency care 517: 1: 3064:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 3026: 2261:. Link 2 Life. Archived from 1985:"Advanced Practice Paramedic" 1477:10.1080/15459624.2019.1674858 1157: 1037:interpretation, capnography, 563:Emergency medical technician 475: 91:Emergency services Healthcare 3229:Emergency medical responders 3172:Emergency medical technician 2778:Emergency medical technician 2768:Emergency medical dispatcher 2644:"NJ State First Aid Council" 2571:"Emergency Medical Services" 1015: 843:Knowledge's inclusion policy 793:emergency medical technician 739:emergency medical technician 719:emergency medical technician 715:Emergency medical technician 451: 426: 318:interpretation, or initiate 261:Most providers that work in 135:emergency medical technician 63:Emergency medical technician 34:Emergency medical technician 7: 2966:Critical emergency medicine 2884:Kendrick extrication device 2856:Nontransporting EMS vehicle 2846:Light horse field ambulance 2773:Emergency medical responder 2481:"Patient Care Policy (ALS)" 2333:"Recertification Brochures" 1185: 980:, glucagon, nitroglycerin, 761:prescription only medicines 543:PHECC practitioner levels ( 499: 367: 257:Emergency medical responder 251:Emergency medical responder 10: 3250: 3069:Emergency bleeding control 2714:Emergency medical services 1929:"State Office Information" 1878:"About NREMT Examinations" 1644:"Emergency First Response" 1258:Bureau of Labor Statistics 901: 807: 707: 500:Emergency first responder 380: 284:symptom relief medications 254: 222: 143:emergency medical services 25: 18: 3185: 3167:Certified first responder 3159: 3123: 3077: 3034: 2953: 2927: 2869: 2806: 2753:Certified first responder 2743: 2720: 998:intermediate life support 897: 781:Intermediate life support 755:Administration of select 218: 119: 100: 95: 85: 75: 67: 59: 54: 38: 2763:Emergency care assistant 1407:CDC (11 February 2020). 1389:10.26616/NIOSHPUB2017194 1325:U.S. Fire Administration 1023:rapid sequence induction 746:emergency care assistant 735:ambulance service trusts 692: 604:(supraglottic airways), 536:agents and tourniquets. 427:Cardiac first responder 207:. In response, the U.S. 19:Not to be confused with 727:National Health Service 660:Intravenous cannulation 573:healthcare professional 464:(BVM) and supraglottic 347:critical care ambulance 335:Critical care paramedic 326:Advanced care paramedic 304:cervical immobilization 2433:"Treatment Guidelines" 1799:www.legislation.gov.uk 1699:DX2 Training Solutions 1648:DX2 Training Solutions 1598:DX2 Training Solutions 1573:DX2 Training Solutions 1548:DX2 Training Solutions 1081:Education and training 530:nasopharyngeal airways 348: 270:Primary care paramedic 191: 3110:Nasopharyngeal airway 2735:Advanced life support 2139:"EMT (1) Regulations" 1433:CDC (30 April 2020). 1075:advanced life support 1043:transcutaneous pacing 664:intraosseous infusion 606:spinal immobilization 600:monitoring, advanced 342: 300:trauma immobilization 189: 137:(often, more simply, 3115:Oropharyngeal airway 2851:Motorcycle ambulance 2814:Air medical services 2239:on 29 September 2011 2233:"BLS/ALS Procedures" 1831:on 16 September 2008 1594:"First Aid Response" 1203:References and notes 723:ambulance technician 687:Department of Health 476:First aid responder 278:includes performing 225:Paramedics in Canada 28:EMT (disambiguation) 3208:Wilderness medicine 2986:Wilderness medicine 2793:Emergency physician 2365:on 3 September 2011 2287:. Drexel University 1619:"OFA to FAR Update" 1285:. 28 December 2019. 1104:intensive care unit 1031:fluid resuscitation 1010:fluid resuscitation 978:ipratropium bromide 763:under provision of 668:tracheal intubation 650:Advanced paramedic 555:Abbreviation 552:Practitioner title 548: 488:, burns, hyper and 419:Abbreviation 412: 389:Republic of Ireland 377:Republic of Ireland 320:intravenous therapy 35: 3203:Good Samaritan law 2976:Emergency medicine 2904:Spinal precautions 2730:Basic life support 2439:on 12 October 2008 2213:on 12 January 2016 2073:on 31 January 2012 1935:on 26 October 2007 1884:on 27 October 2007 1858:on 27 October 2007 1096:emergency medicine 1071:basic life support 1047:pericardiocentesis 757:general sales list 729:ambulance trusts. 542: 443:and the use of an 437:basic life support 410: 349: 232:paramedic practice 192: 33: 3216: 3215: 3047:Airway management 3042:Abdominal thrusts 2994: 2993: 2981:Military medicine 2961:Aviation medicine 2945:Search and rescue 2935:Ambulance station 2525:on 17 August 2008 2183:on 2 January 2008 1991:on 6 October 2011 1230:978-3-030-64395-9 1126:Medical direction 1035:electrocardiogram 957:search and rescue 871: 870: 863: 674: 673: 602:airway management 540: 539: 466:airway management 439:with emphasis on 397:ambulance service 276:scope of practice 205:COVID-19 pandemic 131: 130: 3241: 3021: 3014: 3007: 2998: 2997: 2871:Casualty lifting 2798:Medical director 2707: 2700: 2693: 2684: 2683: 2660: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2650:on 27 March 2010 2640: 2634: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2603:on 25 March 2008 2599:. Archived from 2593: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2524: 2517: 2509: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2492: 2485: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2381: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2313:on 30 March 2016 2303: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2265:on 10 March 2008 2255: 2249: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2209:. Archived from 2199: 2193: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2182: 2175: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2150: 2143: 2135: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2118: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2072: 2065: 2057: 2051: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2037:. Archived from 2031: 2025: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2015: 2007: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1987:. Archived from 1981: 1975: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1961:. Archived from 1951: 1945: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1925: 1919: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1908:wvde.state.wv.us 1904:"History of EMS" 1900: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1847: 1841: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1821: 1810: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1791: 1785: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1741: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1665: 1659: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1640: 1634: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1615: 1609: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1590: 1584: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1565: 1559: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1540: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1530: 1521:. Archived from 1511: 1505: 1504: 1459: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1430: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1404: 1398: 1397: 1391: 1371: 1365: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1354: 1348:. Archived from 1343: 1334: 1328: 1317: 1311: 1310: 1293: 1287: 1286: 1275: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1246: 1235: 1234: 1216: 1136:medical director 1061:interpretation. 940:flight paramedic 866: 859: 855: 852: 846: 822: 821: 814: 571:Entry-level EMS 549: 541: 416:Responder title 413: 409: 364:when necessary. 169:fire departments 87:Activity sectors 43: 36: 32: 3249: 3248: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3239: 3238: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3181: 3155: 3119: 3073: 3030: 3025: 2995: 2990: 2971:Diving medicine 2949: 2923: 2914:Vacuum mattress 2899:Scoop stretcher 2873: 2865: 2861:Water ambulance 2841:Combination car 2802: 2739: 2716: 2711: 2669: 2664: 2663: 2653: 2651: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2627: 2625: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2606: 2604: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2580: 2578: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2554: 2552: 2551:on 10 July 2016 2543: 2542: 2538: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2515: 2511: 2510: 2506: 2496: 2494: 2493:on 24 July 2008 2490: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2474: 2464: 2462: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2416: 2414: 2409: 2408: 2404: 2394: 2392: 2391:on 11 July 2007 2383: 2382: 2378: 2368: 2366: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2342: 2340: 2331: 2330: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2305: 2304: 2300: 2290: 2288: 2283: 2282: 2278: 2268: 2266: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2242: 2240: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2216: 2214: 2201: 2200: 2196: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2173: 2171:"SC EMT Skills" 2169: 2168: 2164: 2154: 2152: 2151:on 20 June 2007 2148: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2063: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2044: 2042: 2041:on 21 June 2008 2033: 2032: 2028: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2004: 1994: 1992: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1968: 1966: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1938: 1936: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1912: 1910: 1902: 1901: 1897: 1887: 1885: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1861: 1859: 1848: 1844: 1834: 1832: 1823: 1822: 1813: 1803: 1801: 1793: 1792: 1788: 1778: 1776: 1768: 1767: 1763: 1753: 1751: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1728: 1726: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1703: 1701: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1678: 1676: 1667: 1666: 1662: 1652: 1650: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1627: 1625: 1617: 1616: 1612: 1602: 1600: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1577: 1575: 1567: 1566: 1562: 1552: 1550: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1528: 1526: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1471:(12): 804–816. 1460: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1431: 1427: 1417: 1415: 1405: 1401: 1372: 1368: 1358: 1356: 1355:on Jun 12, 2018 1352: 1341: 1335: 1331: 1318: 1314: 1307: 1295: 1294: 1290: 1277: 1276: 1272: 1262: 1260: 1248: 1247: 1238: 1231: 1217: 1210: 1205: 1188: 1172:fire department 1160: 1128: 1083: 1067: 1065:Staffing levels 1059:blood chemistry 1055:ultrasonography 1018: 994: 969: 952: 910: 900: 876: 867: 856: 850: 847: 833:Please help by 832: 823: 819: 812: 806: 790: 759:, pharmacy and 712: 706: 695: 679: 590:pathophysiology 385: 379: 370: 337: 328: 308:medical control 272: 259: 253: 227: 221: 197: 195:Hazard controls 122: 105: 103: 88: 78: 77:Occupation type 50: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3247: 3237: 3236: 3231: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3189: 3187: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3163: 3161: 3160:Certifications 3157: 3156: 3154: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3127: 3125: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3090:Bag valve mask 3087: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3060: 3059: 3054: 3044: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3024: 3023: 3016: 3009: 3001: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2957: 2955: 2954:Related fields 2951: 2950: 2948: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2880: 2878: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2827: 2826: 2816: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2749: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2710: 2709: 2702: 2695: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2668: 2667:External links 2665: 2662: 2661: 2635: 2614: 2588: 2577:on 23 May 2014 2562: 2545:"Job Openings" 2536: 2504: 2472: 2450: 2424: 2402: 2376: 2350: 2339:on 20 May 2016 2324: 2298: 2276: 2250: 2224: 2194: 2162: 2130: 2105: 2084: 2052: 2026: 2002: 1976: 1965:on 12 May 2015 1946: 1920: 1895: 1869: 1842: 1811: 1786: 1761: 1736: 1711: 1686: 1660: 1635: 1610: 1585: 1560: 1535: 1506: 1451: 1425: 1399: 1366: 1329: 1312: 1305: 1288: 1270: 1236: 1229: 1207: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1187: 1184: 1176:fire apparatus 1159: 1156: 1127: 1124: 1082: 1079: 1066: 1063: 1027:cricothyrotomy 1017: 1014: 993: 990: 974:pulse oximetry 968: 965: 951: 948: 936:wilderness EMT 927: 926: 923: 920: 917: 899: 896: 875: 872: 869: 868: 826: 824: 817: 805: 802: 788: 787: 784: 778: 775:non-parenteral 767: 708:Main article: 705: 704:United Kingdom 702: 694: 691: 678: 675: 672: 671: 656: 651: 647: 646: 636: 631: 627: 626: 569: 564: 560: 559: 558:Level of care 556: 553: 538: 537: 526: 521: 515: 514: 511:oxygen therapy 506: 501: 497: 496: 482: 477: 473: 472: 462:bag valve mask 458: 453: 449: 448: 433: 428: 424: 423: 422:Level of care 420: 417: 381:Main article: 378: 375: 369: 366: 336: 333: 327: 324: 298:), performing 296:nitroglycerine 271: 268: 255:Main article: 252: 249: 223:Main article: 220: 217: 196: 193: 129: 128: 123: 120: 117: 116: 106: 101: 98: 97: 93: 92: 89: 86: 83: 82: 79: 76: 73: 72: 69: 65: 64: 61: 57: 56: 52: 51: 44: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3246: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3158: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3105:First aid kit 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3049: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3022: 3017: 3015: 3010: 3008: 3003: 3002: 2999: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2926: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2831:Ambulance bus 2829: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2805: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2708: 2703: 2701: 2696: 2694: 2689: 2688: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2649: 2645: 2639: 2624: 2618: 2602: 2598: 2592: 2576: 2572: 2566: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2521: 2514: 2508: 2489: 2482: 2476: 2460: 2454: 2438: 2434: 2428: 2412: 2406: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2364: 2360: 2354: 2338: 2334: 2328: 2312: 2308: 2302: 2286: 2280: 2264: 2260: 2254: 2238: 2234: 2228: 2212: 2208: 2207:www.nremt.org 2204: 2198: 2179: 2172: 2166: 2147: 2140: 2134: 2115: 2109: 2094: 2088: 2069: 2062: 2056: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2012: 2006: 1990: 1986: 1980: 1964: 1960: 1959:www.nremt.org 1956: 1955:"NREMT – EMT" 1950: 1934: 1930: 1924: 1909: 1905: 1899: 1883: 1879: 1873: 1857: 1853: 1846: 1830: 1826: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1800: 1796: 1790: 1775: 1771: 1765: 1750: 1749:www.phecit.ie 1746: 1740: 1725: 1724:www.phecit.ie 1721: 1715: 1700: 1696: 1690: 1675:. 28 May 2016 1674: 1670: 1664: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1624: 1623:www.phecit.ie 1620: 1614: 1599: 1595: 1589: 1574: 1570: 1564: 1549: 1545: 1539: 1525:on 2017-03-14 1524: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1458: 1456: 1440: 1436: 1429: 1414: 1410: 1403: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1370: 1351: 1347: 1340: 1333: 1326: 1322: 1316: 1308: 1306:9781635011951 1302: 1298: 1292: 1284: 1280: 1274: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1232: 1226: 1222: 1215: 1213: 1208: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1183: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1166: 1155: 1152: 1146: 1144: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1087: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1039:cardioversion 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 989: 987: 983: 982:nitrous oxide 979: 975: 964: 960: 958: 947: 943: 941: 937: 932: 924: 921: 918: 915: 914: 913: 909: 905: 895: 891: 889: 885: 881: 874:Certification 865: 862: 854: 851:December 2016 844: 840: 836: 830: 827:This article 825: 816: 815: 811: 804:United States 801: 799: 794: 785: 782: 779: 776: 772: 768: 766: 762: 758: 754: 753: 752: 749: 747: 742: 740: 736: 730: 728: 724: 720: 716: 711: 701: 699: 690: 688: 684: 669: 665: 661: 657: 655: 652: 648: 645: 641: 637: 635: 632: 628: 625: 623: 619: 615: 614:intramuscular 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 578: 574: 570: 568: 565: 561: 557: 554: 551: 550: 546: 535: 531: 527: 525: 522: 520: 516: 512: 507: 505: 502: 498: 495: 491: 487: 483: 481: 478: 474: 471: 467: 463: 459: 457: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 432: 429: 425: 421: 418: 415: 414: 408: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 384: 374: 365: 363: 357: 353: 346: 341: 332: 323: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 267: 264: 258: 248: 245: 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