669:
3027:
1163:
40:
9329:
1304:
31:
1283:(FDA) approved the first generic of an albuterol sulfate inhalation aerosol for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in people four years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease and the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm in people four years of age and older. The FDA granted approval of the generic albuterol sulfate inhalation aerosol to Perrigo Pharmaceutical.
9357:
2599:
2525:
1349:
As of 2011 there was no evidence that an increase in physical performance occurs after inhaling salbutamol, but there are various reports for benefit when delivered orally or intravenously. In spite of this, salbutamol required "a declaration of Use in accordance with the
International Standard for
1286:
In April 2020, the FDA approved the first generic of
Proventil HFA (albuterol sulfate) metered dose inhaler, 90 μg per inhalation, for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in patients four years of age and older who have reversible obstructive airway disease, as well as the prevention of
1358:
Abuse of the drug may be confirmed by detection of its presence in plasma or urine, typically exceeding 1,000 ng/mL. The window of detection for urine testing is on the order of just 24 hours, given the relatively short elimination half-life of the drug, estimated at between 5 and 6 hours
1354:
prohibited list. This requirement was relaxed when the 2011 list was published to permit the use of "salbutamol (maximum 1600 micrograms over 24 hours) and salmeterol when taken by inhalation in accordance with the manufacturers' recommended therapeutic regimen."
1417:
Salbutamol's low toxicity makes it safe for other animals and thus is the medication of choice for treating acute airway obstruction in most species. It is usually used to treat bronchospasm or coughs in cats and dogs and used as a bronchodilator in horses with
2396:
Bhushan R, Tanwar S (February 2010). "Different approaches of impregnation for resolution of enantiomers of atenolol, propranolol and salbutamol using Cu(II)-L-amino acid complexes for ligand exchange on commercial thin layer chromatographic plates".
1126:
phosphorylation and lowering the intracellular concentration of calcium ions (myosin phosphorylation and calcium ions are necessary for muscle contractions). The increase in cAMP also inhibits inflammatory cells in the airway, such as
1717:
2329:
2895:
2763:
Pluim BM, de Hon O, Staal JB, Limpens J, Kuipers H, Overbeek SE, et al. (January 2011). "β₂-Agonists and physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".
2856:
1405:
by 10-15 percent at a therapeutic dose for asthma and around 25 percent at a higher, oral dose. In several human studies, albuterol increased lean body mass, reduced fat mass, and caused
3090:
2142:
1756:
5728:
2576:
2672:-Adrenergic agonist salbutamol augments hypertrophy in MHCIIa fibers and sprint mean power output but not muscle force during 11 weeks of resistance training in young men"
1576:
911:
Salbutamol was patented in 1966 in
Britain and became commercially available in the UK in 1969. It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982. It is on the
2321:
1264:
agonists were considered to be stimulants with high risk of abuse for doping. Inhaled salbutamol was banned from those games, but by 1986 was permitted (although oral β
2440:
1954:
2888:
3376:
8091:
8086:
9427:
2292:
216:
1214:
is complicated by the fact that the stereochemistry is not stable, but rather the compound undergoes racemization within a few days to weeks, depending on
2293:"Medicinal Chemistry of the Peripheral Nervous System – Adrenergics and Cholinergics their Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Structure Activity Relationships"
9387:
6365:
5721:
3453:
1562:
805:
2863:
2214:
1206:)-(+)-enantiomer also causes it to accumulate in the lungs, which can cause airway hyperreactivity and inflammation. Potential formulation of the
9266:
6350:
1287:
exercise-induced bronchospasm in this age group. The FDA granted approval of this generic albuterol sulfate inhalation aerosol to Cipla
Limited.
2634:
5714:
4318:
4298:
1333:(UK) under the brand name Ventolin, and has been used for the treatment of asthma ever since. The drug is marketed under many names worldwide.
1272:
agonists for asthma in the 1990s, Olympic athletes were required to provide proof that they had asthma in order to be allowed to use inhaled β
6390:
2990:
Schweizer C, Saugy M, Kamber M (September 2004). "Doping test reveals high concentrations of salbutamol in a Swiss track and field athlete".
2118:
1867:
The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)
735:
94:
6360:
5884:
3369:
761:
2189:
1198:)-(+)-enantiomer (bottom) blocks metabolic pathways associated with elimination of itself and of the pharmacologically active enantiomer (
6810:
5894:
3344:
3311:
1425:
Toxic effects require an extremely high dose, and most overdoses are due to dogs chewing on and puncturing an inhaler or nebulizer vial.
8121:
8116:
1821:
9397:
7169:
7119:
1790:
8136:
8111:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6805:
6795:
6785:
6765:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6560:
6500:
5026:
4353:
3606:
2542:
1191:
1090:
medicines prescribing" due to the propellants used in the inhalers. Dry powder inhalers are recommended as a low-carbon alternative.
8131:
8126:
8106:
8101:
2976:
2269:
6725:
6720:
6670:
5684:
8734:
9259:
6690:
6580:
6570:
6565:
5772:
3362:
1455:
7139:
5666:
5657:
7664:
6444:
6229:
5848:
5746:
5648:
2929:
2720:
Ip EJ, Doroudgar S, Lau B, Barnett MJ (August 2019). "Anabolic steroid users' misuse of non-traditional prescription drugs".
2432:
2126:
1985:
1898:
940:
912:
862:
2502:
1639:
1000:
858:
1946:
9392:
8876:
8649:
8506:
5675:
7036:
6385:
812:
9382:
9273:
7164:
7154:
7134:
6380:
6375:
3338:
3305:
3278:
2433:"Sir David Jack, who has died aged 87, was the scientific brain behind the rise of the pharmaceuticals company Glaxo"
2245:
2175:
1846:
1815:
1784:
1312:
781:
145:
2296:
9280:
7674:
7492:
7159:
7144:
7129:
6912:
6461:
9417:
9297:
9206:
7787:
7487:
7437:
7149:
6430:
6247:
428:
286:
126:
1143:
receptor agonists also increase the conductance of channels sensitive to calcium and potassium ions, leading to
1051:(rare), and disturbances of sleep and behaviour. Rarely occurring, but of importance, are allergic reactions of
881:
solution. Onset of action of the inhaled version is typically within 15 minutes and lasts for two to six hours.
9252:
8227:
8096:
8081:
8076:
7659:
6400:
6370:
5693:
2667:
1368:
1115:
943:. It is also one of the most common medicines used in rescue inhalers (short-term bronchodilators to alleviate
9422:
8614:
8071:
8066:
7654:
7649:
7414:
6493:
6340:
4684:
3042:"Beneficial effects of albuterol in congenital endplate acetylcholinesterase deficiency and Dok-7 myasthenia"
1548:
526:
2616:
1086:
Salbutamol metered dose inhalers have been described as the "single biggest source of carbon emissions from
9407:
9377:
8028:
7031:
5706:
5639:
2582:
2548:
2508:
1419:
1280:
664:
577:
8794:
8501:
8008:
8003:
7048:
4518:
4068:
3808:
3396:
2206:
1519:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
1144:
919:. In 2022, it was the seventh most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 59
995:
Two recent studies have suggested that salbutamol reduces the symptoms of newborns and adolescents with
9347:
7639:
6517:
6509:
6012:
5738:
3973:
1409:; it has been studied for use as an anti-obesity and anti-muscle wasting medication when taken orally.
1316:
81:
646:
398:
9412:
8971:
7952:
7782:
2649:
1862:
1518:
1226:
6979:
3026:
506:
9308:
9201:
8975:
8858:
8754:
8744:
8644:
6486:
6345:
5960:
3991:
2577:"FDA Approves First Generic of a Commonly Used Albuterol Inhaler to Treat and Prevent Bronchospasm"
2114:
1779:(9th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 32.
1395:
1351:
838:
209:
4639:
3222:
Hostrup M, Jacobson GA, Jessen S, Lemminger AK (May 2020). "Anabolic and lipolytic actions of beta
1478:
8739:
8018:
7977:
7701:
7569:
7564:
7554:
7482:
7472:
7226:
7216:
7199:
7058:
6449:
2143:"Primary care networks incentivised to switch patients to more environmentally friendly inhalers"
1381:
1087:
182:
67:
1194:) is shown in the image at right (top), and is responsible for the pharmacologic activity; the (
9025:
8814:
8784:
8178:
8146:
8055:
7694:
7462:
7099:
7008:
7000:
6992:
6984:
6415:
6395:
6201:
6156:
6075:
6037:
5946:
4404:
4096:
4086:
3657:
3414:
2165:
1238:
3326:
3295:
2947:"Discrimination of prohibited oral use of salbutamol from authorized inhaled asthma treatment"
1836:
1805:
1150:
Salbutamol is either filtered out by the kidneys directly or is first metabolized into the 4′-
9302:
8729:
8013:
7957:
7830:
7815:
7804:
7457:
7194:
7174:
6410:
6405:
6355:
6062:
4603:
4379:
4022:
1774:
1044:
746:
626:
517:
2105:
2050:
Allen NM, O'Rahelly M, Eymard B, Chouchane M, Hahn A, Kearns G, et al. (October 2023).
8654:
8334:
8193:
8188:
7845:
7835:
7825:
7689:
7477:
7429:
7374:
7364:
7114:
6105:
6095:
5262:
2945:
Bergés R, Segura J, Ventura R, Fitch KD, Morton AR, Farré M, et al. (September 2000).
1385:
1341:
Albuterol and other beta-2 adrenergic agonists are used by some recreational bodybuilders.
1257:
1052:
870:
586:
458:
385:
2666:
Jessen S, Reitelseder S, Kalsen A, Kreiberg M, Onslev J, Gad A, et al. (March 2021).
2052:"The emerging spectrum of fetal acetylcholine receptor antibody-related disorders (FARAD)"
789:
InChI=1S/C13H21NO3/c1-13(2,3)14-7-12(17)9-4-5-11(16)10(6-9)8-15/h4-6,12,14-17H,7-8H2,1-3H3
566:
8:
8699:
8496:
8242:
8045:
7992:
7644:
7559:
7549:
7497:
7467:
7403:
7290:
7221:
7211:
7094:
6080:
4941:
4807:
4283:
4189:
3586:
3492:
3385:
2946:
2261:
1330:
1250:
1048:
893:
449:
197:
189:
8966:
2076:
2051:
992:, as it stimulates potassium flow into cells, thus lowering the potassium in the blood.
668:
7855:
7850:
6952:
6090:
6085:
6070:
6042:
3388:
3251:
3204:
3146:
3121:
3066:
3041:
3015:
2833:
2808:
2789:
2745:
2702:
2479:
2027:
2002:
1748:
1690:
1665:
1402:
1242:
1119:
916:
156:
1447:
9058:
8607:
8183:
7930:
7920:
7890:
7820:
7512:
7255:
6927:
5372:
5347:
5267:
4145:
3895:
3760:
3334:
3301:
3274:
3255:
3243:
3208:
3196:
3151:
3102:
3071:
3007:
3003:
2968:
2925:
2838:
2793:
2781:
2777:
2737:
2706:
2694:
2471:
2414:
2378:
2241:
2181:
2171:
2122:
2081:
2032:
1981:
1842:
1811:
1780:
1740:
1736:
1695:
996:
329:
309:
118:
8749:
3019:
2749:
2690:
2483:
1260:
were the first
Olympics where anti-doping measures were deployed, and at that time β
9402:
9332:
9157:
9045:
7925:
7905:
7745:
7409:
7384:
7328:
6968:
6113:
5342:
4906:
4749:
4548:
4126:
3888:
3878:
3439:
3235:
3186:
3175:-adrenergic receptor - a re-emerging target to combat obesity and induce leanness?"
3141:
3133:
3061:
3053:
2999:
2958:
2828:
2820:
2773:
2729:
2686:
2463:
2406:
2368:
2071:
2063:
2022:
2014:
1870:
1752:
1732:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1323:
1211:
1111:
1040:
681:
355:
269:
259:
249:
239:
229:
39:
3091:"Progress and promise: the current status of spinal muscular atrophy therapeutics"
2733:
2357:-Salbutamol Sulfate Aerosol Solution and Its Antiasthmatic Effects in Guinea Pigs"
1890:
9361:
9185:
9147:
9142:
8809:
8664:
8521:
8364:
8285:
7532:
7517:
7424:
7399:
7324:
7259:
7104:
7016:
6057:
5980:
5759:
4140:
3448:
3354:
2963:
2467:
2410:
2018:
2001:
Allen NM, Hacohen Y, Palace J, Beeson D, Vincent A, Jungbluth H (February 2016).
1920:
1631:
1492:
1246:
751:
483:
375:
363:
104:
8724:
8719:
8714:
9221:
9167:
9132:
8555:
8436:
8349:
7679:
7300:
6963:
6455:
6271:
6004:
5828:
5252:
4921:
4886:
4607:
4363:
4273:
4026:
3891:
3611:
3566:
1072:
944:
854:
834:
3137:
1776:
Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk
9371:
9216:
9137:
8804:
8799:
8704:
8571:
8566:
8481:
8390:
8369:
8343:
8301:
8166:
7910:
7765:
7614:
7537:
7275:
6897:
6882:
6176:
6171:
6146:
6047:
6017:
5985:
5970:
5402:
5242:
4926:
4870:
4827:
4488:
4412:
4278:
4217:
4106:
3995:
3907:
3661:
3581:
3576:
3520:
3507:
2809:"The rush to adrenaline: drugs in sport acting on the beta-adrenergic system"
2635:"Ventolin remains a breath of fresh air for asthma sufferers, after 40 years"
2603:
2529:
2185:
1581:
1139:, from releasing inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Salbutamol and other β
1107:
1024:
970:
966:
905:
888:, dizziness, and feeling anxious. Serious side effects may include worsening
846:
657:
342:
5736:
2067:
9226:
9211:
9162:
8931:
8600:
8561:
8476:
8354:
8309:
8257:
8198:
8156:
7895:
7542:
7320:
7315:
7265:
7246:
6922:
6309:
6181:
6166:
6141:
5990:
5975:
5874:
5750:
5427:
5412:
5357:
4852:
4674:
4619:
4611:
4583:
4543:
4462:
4428:
4243:
4038:
4030:
4011:
3999:
3883:
3752:
3728:
3688:
3247:
3200:
3155:
3106:
3075:
3011:
2972:
2842:
2785:
2741:
2698:
2475:
2418:
2382:
2170:. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1314–1320.
2085:
2036:
1744:
1699:
989:
932:
889:
866:
264:
254:
244:
234:
224:
22:
2373:
2352:
2003:"Salbutamol-responsive fetal acetylcholine receptor inactivation syndrome"
1162:
9175:
9152:
8824:
8581:
8546:
8516:
8446:
8441:
8416:
8314:
8217:
7870:
7860:
7840:
7794:
7775:
7755:
7734:
7522:
7507:
7442:
7394:
7334:
7305:
7285:
7251:
7179:
6973:
6907:
6284:
6260:
6219:
6209:
6161:
6151:
6032:
6027:
5916:
5865:
5838:
5833:
5552:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5407:
5382:
5367:
5352:
5317:
5302:
5282:
5277:
5247:
5227:
5202:
5187:
5132:
5077:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4956:
4951:
4857:
4842:
4812:
4802:
4787:
4758:
4729:
4573:
4563:
4538:
4528:
4493:
4436:
4399:
4328:
4323:
4303:
4268:
4204:
4179:
4169:
4150:
4111:
3981:
3858:
3853:
3813:
3788:
3778:
3768:
3738:
3733:
3708:
3683:
3677:
3642:
3601:
3596:
3561:
3546:
3541:
3487:
3477:
3458:
3419:
3273:(7th ed.). Stockholm, Wisconsin; Ames, Iowa: Wiley. pp. 24–25.
2824:
2351:
Liu Q, Li Q, Han T, Hu T, Zhang X, Hu J, et al. (1 September 2017).
1268:
agonists were not). After a steep rise in the number of athletes taking β
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1068:
1064:
1036:
1032:
897:
885:
878:
112:
1875:
546:
9231:
9180:
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9040:
8854:
8839:
8829:
8709:
8486:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8431:
8421:
8395:
8374:
8329:
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8293:
8262:
8247:
8237:
8151:
7982:
7945:
7935:
7915:
7875:
7865:
7720:
7716:
7706:
7502:
7452:
7447:
7379:
7369:
7354:
7349:
7339:
7270:
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7236:
7109:
7043:
7026:
6937:
6932:
6902:
6324:
6319:
6255:
6214:
6191:
6136:
6118:
6022:
5965:
5926:
5921:
5911:
5906:
5879:
5870:
5860:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5789:
5784:
5617:
5607:
5597:
5582:
5577:
5562:
5542:
5537:
5512:
5507:
5492:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5432:
5422:
5417:
5387:
5377:
5337:
5327:
5307:
5257:
5237:
5217:
5212:
5192:
5177:
5172:
5162:
5142:
5137:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5097:
5082:
5072:
5052:
5031:
5016:
4991:
4986:
4966:
4961:
4946:
4931:
4916:
4911:
4901:
4891:
4847:
4832:
4822:
4797:
4792:
4773:
4763:
4744:
4739:
4719:
4714:
4704:
4699:
4689:
4679:
4669:
4659:
4654:
4598:
4588:
4578:
4568:
4508:
4498:
4478:
4473:
4458:
4432:
4424:
4420:
4394:
4389:
4338:
4333:
4313:
4308:
4263:
4253:
4248:
4238:
4199:
4184:
4174:
4135:
4121:
4017:
4007:
3968:
3963:
3953:
3948:
3938:
3923:
3899:
3873:
3863:
3848:
3843:
3833:
3828:
3798:
3783:
3756:
3718:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3673:
3669:
3632:
3591:
3571:
3551:
3536:
3502:
3482:
3434:
3429:
1718:"Intravenous salbutamol for childhood asthma: evidence-based medicine?"
1664:
Mahoney BA, Smith WA, Lo DS, Tsoi K, Tonelli M, Clase CM (April 2005).
1222:
1187:
1132:
1060:
982:
955:
711:
557:
204:
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9314:
9098:
9078:
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9010:
9005:
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8916:
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8849:
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8819:
8531:
8426:
8339:
8319:
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8141:
7972:
7940:
7885:
7880:
7389:
7359:
7310:
7295:
7231:
6958:
6917:
6548:
6543:
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6533:
6528:
6314:
6304:
6279:
5942:
5819:
5794:
5612:
5602:
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5567:
5557:
5532:
5502:
5482:
5477:
5457:
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5447:
5397:
5392:
5362:
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5287:
5272:
5232:
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5207:
5197:
5182:
5157:
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5147:
5112:
5107:
5087:
5057:
5021:
4976:
4971:
4936:
4896:
4837:
4817:
4778:
4724:
4709:
4694:
4664:
4625:
4593:
4558:
4553:
4523:
4468:
4450:
4446:
4416:
4408:
4348:
4288:
4258:
4233:
4194:
4160:
4116:
4054:
3985:
3977:
3958:
3943:
3933:
3928:
3913:
3903:
3868:
3838:
3823:
3818:
3803:
3793:
3772:
3743:
3723:
3712:
3665:
3652:
3647:
3637:
3627:
3556:
3497:
3468:
3424:
3239:
3191:
3170:
1947:"Asthma: The Rescue Inhaler -- Now a Cornerstone of Asthma Treatment"
1406:
1136:
1076:
1056:
1028:
978:
959:
901:
874:
469:
408:
98:
981:, its role has largely been replaced by the calcium channel blocker
9083:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9020:
8956:
8951:
8926:
8906:
8891:
8886:
8789:
8536:
8382:
8222:
8203:
8033:
8023:
7967:
7962:
7900:
7770:
7760:
7750:
7527:
7419:
7344:
6892:
6237:
6128:
5763:
5497:
5487:
5437:
5312:
5297:
5292:
5102:
5067:
5062:
5036:
5011:
4878:
4768:
4734:
4615:
4513:
4503:
4483:
4454:
4440:
4384:
4358:
4343:
4225:
4155:
4044:
4034:
3918:
3764:
3748:
3692:
3528:
3463:
1179:
1128:
1080:
1020:
974:
606:
537:
140:
6478:
2240:(2nd ed.). St. Louis, Mo: Saunders/Elsevier. pp. 10–11.
734:
9053:
9015:
8997:
8961:
8921:
8901:
8881:
8623:
8576:
8541:
8471:
8232:
7634:
7599:
7280:
7204:
7189:
6835:
6800:
6790:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6760:
5592:
5572:
5547:
5442:
5167:
5092:
4533:
4101:
4049:
4003:
2602:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2528:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2049:
1398:, the deficiency of which is regarded as a cause of the disease.
1320:
1016:
193:
1476:
1319:(USAN). The drug is usually manufactured and distributed as the
1106:
receptors, which are the predominant receptors on the bronchial
9093:
8941:
8936:
8911:
8679:
8659:
8491:
8411:
8276:
8267:
8208:
7711:
7629:
7619:
7609:
7594:
7584:
7579:
7184:
7084:
6887:
6865:
6860:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6680:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6425:
5950:
5742:
4862:
4209:
4091:
3512:
2665:
1303:
1123:
1012:
963:
936:
850:
637:
413:
3221:
1422:; it can also be used in emergencies to treat asthmatic cats.
1295:
In 2020, generic versions were approved in the United States.
8526:
7684:
7604:
7574:
7124:
7074:
7069:
6942:
6870:
6695:
6660:
6600:
6585:
6420:
5954:
2268:. US Department of Health and Human Services. 28 April 2017.
1921:"Albuterol Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022"
1716:
Starkey ES, Mulla H, Sammons HM, Pandya HC (September 2014).
1373:
1225:
and the control of enantiomeric purity has been described by
725:
617:
368:
30:
1546:
9103:
8038:
7669:
7624:
7589:
7089:
7079:
6875:
6700:
6685:
6675:
6665:
6655:
6650:
6610:
6605:
6595:
6590:
6575:
6555:
4293:
1390:
597:
2913:
8511:
2924:(8th ed.). Biomedical Publications. pp. 33–35.
1861:
1715:
1526:
1380:
It has also been tested in a trial aimed at treatment of
2944:
2454:
Fitch KD (2006). "beta2-Agonists at the
Olympic Games".
2000:
3122:"New therapeutic approaches to spinal muscular atrophy"
2762:
1807:
Pharmaceutical innovation: revolutionizing human health
1215:
913:
8592:
2425:
2163:
1810:. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Press. p. 226.
1067:, and collapse. High doses or prolonged use may cause
9345:
2719:
1638:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
1477:
3119:
2989:
2806:
1237:
Salbutamol was discovered in 1966, by a team led by
6366:
Fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol
3331:
Clinical
Veterinary Advisor - E-Book: Dogs and Cats
3039:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2497:
2495:
2493:
1511:
525:
3384:
3120:Lewelt A, Newcomb TM, Swoboda KJ (February 2012).
3088:
2104:
1663:
1485:
1071:, which is of concern especially in patients with
877:, but it is also available in a pill, liquid, and
835:opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs
2889:"The 2011 Prohibited List International Standard"
2857:"The 2010 Prohibited List International Standard"
2164:Lemke TL, Williams DA, Roche VF, Zito SW (2013).
2106:"3.1.1.1 Selective beta2 agonists – side effects"
1253:, England, and was launched as Ventolin in 1969.
884:Common side effects include shakiness, headache,
16:Short-acting bronchodilator used for acute asthma
9369:
3226:-agonists in humans and antidoping challenges".
3040:Liewluck T, Selcen D, Engel AG (November 2011).
2722:Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy
2564:
2490:
985:, which is more effective and better tolerated.
505:
482:
9267:GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v Commission
6351:Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium bromide
2922:Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man
1834:
457:
2262:"Albuterol - Medical Countermeasures Database"
9428:World Health Organization essential medicines
8608:
6494:
6391:Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide/mometasone
5722:
3370:
3168:
2807:Davis E, Loiacono R, Summers RJ (June 2008).
2395:
1479:"Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database"
6361:Budesonide/glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol
3333:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 45–46.
2456:Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
2389:
2043:
1994:
1359:following oral administration of 4 mg.
1147:and relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles.
144:
3089:Van Meerbeke JP, Sumner CJ (October 2011).
1670:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1666:"Emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia"
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1367:Salbutamol has been studied in subtypes of
1350:Therapeutic Use Exemptions" under the 2010
1102:in salbutamol makes it more selective for β
9388:Chemical substances for emergency medicine
8615:
8601:
6501:
6487:
5729:
5715:
3377:
3363:
3293:
3126:Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
2503:"FDA approves first generic of ProAir HFA"
2350:
2145:. Pharmaceutical Journal. 3 September 2021
1711:
1709:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1307:Ventolin 2 mg tablets made by GSK (Turkey)
1154:-sulfate, which is excreted in the urine.
958:. Intravenous salbutamol can be used as a
667:
565:
3300:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 612.
3190:
3145:
3065:
2962:
2832:
2447:
2372:
2201:
2199:
2157:
2075:
2026:
1874:
1689:
1659:
1657:
585:
2316:
2314:
2167:Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry
2099:
2097:
2095:
1565:. Government of Canada. 23 October 2014.
1442:
1440:
1438:
1302:
1161:
988:Salbutamol has been used to treat acute
9260:Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp.
2543:"Albuterol Sulfate: FDA-Approved Drugs"
2236:Papich MG (2007). "Albuterol Sulfate".
2119:Royal Pharmaceutical Society Publishing
1855:
1828:
1706:
1597:
1110:. Activation of these receptors causes
545:
380:<15 min (inhaled), <30 min (pill)
117:
9370:
6230:Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors
3347:from the original on 8 September 2017.
3314:from the original on 8 September 2017.
3269:Plumb DC (2011). "Albuterol Sulfate".
2919:
2443:from the original on 25 November 2011.
2322:"Inhalation Therapy of Airway Disease"
2235:
2196:
2192:from the original on 8 September 2017.
1841:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 542.
1803:
1654:
1290:
1011:The most common side effects are fine
973:. While preferred over agents such as
931:Salbutamol is typically used to treat
658:
323:
8735:Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques
8596:
6482:
5710:
3358:
3268:
2453:
2311:
2254:
2238:Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs
2092:
1975:
1969:
1938:
1869:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1824:from the original on 8 December 2015.
1793:from the original on 8 December 2015.
1772:
1435:
941:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
869:. Salbutamol is usually used with an
865:(COPD). It may also be used to treat
863:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
645:
625:
403:3–6 hrs (inhaled); up to 8 hrs (pill)
393:3.8–6 hrs (inhaled); 5–7.2 hrs (pill)
336:
135:
103:
85:
6426:Theophylline/ephedrine/phenobarbital
3324:
2623:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1944:
1642:from the original on 8 December 2015
1221:The direct separation of Salbutamol
1001:transient neonatal myasthenia gravis
954:agonist, salbutamol also has use in
908:, but safety is not entirely clear.
859:exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
496:
268:
258:
248:
238:
228:
8650:GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd
8507:Lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide
6508:
3294:Clarke KW, Trim CM (28 June 2013).
1901:from the original on 30 August 2024
1394:gene, increasing the amount of the
1384:; it is speculated to modulate the
833:among others, is a medication that
605:
473:
315:
72:Ventolin, Proventil, ProAir, others
13:
9398:Drugs developed by Merck & Co.
6421:Theophylline/ephedrine/hydroxyzine
6386:Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide
3169:Hostrup M, Onslev J (March 2022).
2992:Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
2979:from the original on 17 July 2011.
2272:from the original on 3 August 2017
1547:Thereaputic Goods Administration.
1458:from the original on 30 March 2016
1006:
14:
9439:
9274:United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.
6411:Salbutamol (albuterol)/budesonide
6381:Glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol
6376:Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol
2513:(Press release). 24 February 2020
2332:from the original on 25 June 2017
2290:
2217:from the original on 18 July 2014
1957:from the original on 16 July 2017
1412:
1313:international nonproprietary name
1202:). The slower metabolism of the (
1122:that ends with the inhibition of
939:or exercise-induced), as well as
845:that causes relaxation of airway
295:
167:
9355:
9328:
9327:
9281:United States v. GlaxoSmithKline
6248:Thromboxane receptor antagonists
3271:Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook
3025:
3004:10.1097/00042752-200409000-00018
2901:from the original on 13 May 2012
2778:10.2165/11537540-000000000-00000
2597:
2523:
2211:Rx List: The Internet Drug Index
1737:10.1136/archdischild-2013-304467
1725:Archives of Disease in Childhood
1493:"Albuterol Use During Pregnancy"
1245:laboratory (now a subsidiary of
769:CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O
698:
692:
38:
29:
9298:Drug Industry Documents Archive
7438:N,alpha-Diethylphenylethylamine
6431:Umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol
5685:Monoamine metabolism modulators
3318:
3287:
3262:
3215:
3162:
3113:
3082:
3033:
2983:
2938:
2881:
2849:
2813:British Journal of Pharmacology
2800:
2756:
2713:
2691:10.1152/japplphysiol.00553.2020
2659:
2648:(7473): 404–405. Archived from
2627:
2609:
2535:
2344:
2284:
2229:
2135:
1913:
1883:
1835:Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).
1797:
1766:
1549:"Poisons Standard October 2017"
1093:
926:
915:. Salbutamol is available as a
794:Key:NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
9253:Canada v. GlaxoSmithKline Inc.
6401:Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol
6371:Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol
5986:Orciprenaline (metaproterenol)
1682:10.1002/14651858.CD003235.pub2
1569:
1555:
1540:
1470:
1369:congenital myasthenic syndrome
829:and sold under the brand name
701:
686:
304:
1:
6341:Aclidinium bromide/formoterol
5829:Levosalbutamol (levalbuterol)
5667:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
5640:Receptor/signaling modulators
3297:Veterinary Anaesthesia E-Book
2734:10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.07.003
2679:Journal of Applied Physiology
2587:(Press release). 8 April 2020
2056:Brain: A Journal of Neurology
1978:Australian Medicines Handbook
1838:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
1428:
1371:associated with mutations in
1315:(INN) while albuterol is the
1035:. Other symptoms may include
50:)-(−)-salbutamol (center) and
5976:Isoprenaline (isoproterenol)
2583:Food and Drug Administration
2549:Food and Drug Administration
2509:Food and Drug Administration
2411:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.071
2019:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002382
1420:recurrent airway obstruction
1281:Food and Drug Administration
1170:)-(−)-salbutamol (top) and (
1157:
440:)-4--2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol
7:
8502:Lysergic acid 2-butyl amide
5951:+theophylline/phenobarbital
5739:obstructive airway diseases
4750:Deoxyepinephrine (epinine,
4127:Deoxyepinephrine (epinine,
3974:Tetracyclic antidepressants
3440:Deoxyepinephrine (epinine,
2399:Journal of Chromatography A
1362:
1279:In February 2020, the U.S.
935:(due to any cause—allergic
867:high blood potassium levels
843:adrenergic receptor agonist
10:
9444:
9393:Drugs developed by GSK plc
8512:Lysergic acid diethylamide
5676:Monoamine releasing agents
3325:Cote E (9 December 2014).
2964:10.1093/clinchem/46.9.1365
2642:The Pharmaceutical Journal
2353:"Study of pH Stability of
2111:British National Formulary
1879:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
1317:United States Adopted Name
1232:
898:low blood potassium levels
676:Chemical and physical data
9323:
9290:
9244:
9194:
9123:
9116:
8990:
8869:
8777:
8770:
8763:
8755:Smith, Kline & French
8690:
8674:
8637:
8630:
8404:
8165:
8054:
7991:
7803:
7733:
7057:
6516:
6439:
6333:
6297:
6269:
6246:
6228:
6200:
6190:
6127:
6104:
6056:
6003:
5935:
5893:
5847:
5771:
5758:
5630:
5045:
4647:
4638:
4372:
4079:
4067:
3992:Tricyclic antidepressants
3620:
3407:
3395:
3228:Drug Testing and Analysis
3179:The Journal of Physiology
3138:10.1007/s11910-011-0240-9
1863:World Health Organization
1344:
1336:
1227:thin-layer chromatography
1174:)-(+)-salbutamol (bottom)
802:
777:
757:
745:
723:
710:
680:
675:
656:
636:
616:
596:
576:
556:
536:
516:
493:
468:
448:
424:
419:
407:
397:
384:
374:
362:
354:
285:
280:
215:
203:
181:
155:
125:
111:
93:
76:
66:
61:
56:)-(+)-salbutamol (bottom)
37:
28:
9383:Beta-adrenergic agonists
8745:S. E. Massengill Company
8645:GlaxoSmithKline Pakistan
7402:(Dextromethamphetamine,
6346:Beclometasone/formoterol
5955:theophylline/hydroxyzine
5895:Ultra-long-acting β
2115:BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
1563:"Prescription Drug List"
1551:. Australian Government.
1481:. Australian Government.
1298:
1178:Salbutamol is sold as a
900:. It can be used during
319:: Prescription only
210:Beta2-adrenergic agonist
8740:Reliant Pharmaceuticals
8622:
8056:Phenylalkylpyrrolidines
7978:Methylenedioxycathinone
7655:3,4-MDA (tenamfetamine)
6202:Leukotriene antagonists
4405:Atypical antipsychotics
3658:Atypical antipsychotics
2326:Merck Veterinary Manual
2113:(57 ed.). London:
1382:spinal muscular atrophy
923:million prescriptions.
837:. It is a short-acting
9418:Sympathomimetic amines
6980:β-Methylphenethylamine
6974:α-Methylphenethylamine
6416:Theophylline/ephedrine
6396:Indacaterol/mometasone
6157:Choline theophyllinate
6076:Glycopyrronium bromide
6038:Fluticasone propionate
5825:Salbutamol (albuterol)
4604:Typical antipsychotics
4087:(R)-3-Nitrobiphenyline
4023:Typical antipsychotics
2862:. WADA. Archived from
2468:10.1385/CRIAI:31:2:259
1326:(salbutamol sulfate).
1308:
1175:
1135:, and most especially
849:. It is used to treat
9303:GlaxoSmithKline Prize
8730:Human Genome Sciences
8171:(and close relatives)
7670:MDMA (midomafetamine)
7012:-Methylphenethylamine
7004:-Methylphenethylamine
6996:-Methylphenethylamine
6988:-Methylphenethylamine
6406:Mometasone/formoterol
6356:Budesonide/formoterol
6106:Mast cell stabilizers
6063:muscarinic antagonist
5694:Monoamine neurotoxins
3327:"Albuterol Toxicosis"
2374:10.1248/bpb.b17-00067
2068:10.1093/brain/awad153
1891:"The Top 300 of 2022"
1329:It was first sold by
1306:
1165:
1075:and those on certain
9423:Tert-butyl compounds
8700:Allen & Hanburys
8655:Stiefel Laboratories
8335:N,N-Dimethyldopamine
7993:Phenylisobutylamines
7690:Naphthylaminopropane
7375:Isopropylamphetamine
7365:4-Hydroxyamphetamine
6334:Combination products
6096:Umeclidinium bromide
5263:Dichloroisoprenaline
2869:on 11 September 2013
2825:10.1038/bjp.2008.164
2439:. 17 November 2011.
1762:on 8 September 2017.
1577:"Respiratory health"
1401:Albuterol increases
1386:alternative splicing
1331:Allen & Hanburys
1258:1972 Munich Olympics
1045:flushing of the skin
9408:Phenylethanolamines
9378:Antiasthmatic drugs
8497:Lysergic acid amide
8243:Ethylnorepinephrine
8046:Phenylisobutylamine
7498:Phenylpropanolamine
7433:-Norpseudoephedrine
7404:Levomethamphetamine
7291:Dimethylamphetamine
6081:Ipratropium bromide
5773:Short-acting β
4942:Phenylpropanolamine
4808:Ethylnorepinephrine
4284:Phenylpropanolamine
4190:Ethylnorepinephrine
3587:Phenylpropanolamine
3493:Ethylnorepinephrine
3386:Adrenergic receptor
2655:on 15 October 2007.
2207:"Albuterol Sulfate"
1291:Society and culture
1251:Ware, Hertfordshire
1049:myocardial ischemia
894:irregular heartbeat
332:(Prescription only)
25:
9207:Silas M. Burroughs
8750:SmithKline Beecham
8715:Burroughs Wellcome
6953:Phenylethanolamine
6466:Never to phase III
6091:Tiotropium bromide
6086:Oxitropium bromide
6071:Aclidinium bromide
5849:Long-acting β
3095:Discovery Medicine
3046:Muscle & Nerve
2951:Clinical Chemistry
2299:on 4 November 2010
1403:energy expenditure
1311:Salbutamol is the
1309:
1243:Allen and Hanburys
1176:
1120:signalling cascade
1114:to convert ATP to
917:generic medication
399:Duration of action
21:
9343:
9342:
9240:
9239:
9112:
9111:
8986:
8985:
8686:
8685:
8590:
8589:
7931:N-Ethylpentedrone
7891:Dimethylcathinone
7513:Propylamphetamine
7256:Dextroamphetamine
6928:Methallylescaline
6476:
6475:
6293:
6292:
5999:
5998:
5704:
5703:
5697:
5688:
5679:
5670:
5661:
5652:
5643:
5626:
5625:
5373:Iodocyanopindolol
5348:Hydroxytertatolol
5268:Dihydroalprenolol
4881:
4873:
4865:
4782:
4634:
4633:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4164:
4146:Dihydroergotamine
4063:
4062:
3896:hydroxynefazodone
3761:dihydroergotamine
3531:
3523:
3515:
3472:
3058:10.1002/mus.22176
2931:978-0-9626523-6-3
2920:Baselt R (2008).
2128:978-0-85369-778-7
2062:(10): 4233–4246.
1987:978-0-9578521-4-3
1804:Landau R (1999).
1773:Yaffe SJ (2011).
1145:hyperpolarization
997:myasthenia gravis
820:
819:
736:Interactive image
340:
327:
318:
307:
299:
171:
138:
88:
44:Salbutamol (top),
9435:
9413:Racemic mixtures
9360:
9359:
9358:
9351:
9331:
9330:
9158:Patrick Vallance
9121:
9120:
8850:Wellbutrin/Zyban
8775:
8774:
8768:
8767:
8635:
8634:
8617:
8610:
8603:
8594:
8593:
8296:
8288:
8279:
8270:
8211:
8172:
7926:N-Ethylhexedrone
7906:Hydroxybupropion
7746:Chlorphentermine
7723:
7432:
7410:Methoxyphenamine
7385:Lisdexamfetamine
7329:Levofenfluramine
6969:Phenpromethamine
6503:
6496:
6489:
6480:
6479:
6198:
6197:
6058:Anticholinergics
5769:
5768:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5708:
5707:
5691:
5682:
5673:
5664:
5655:
5646:
5634:
5343:Hydroxycarteolol
4907:Methoxyphenamine
4879:
4871:
4866:-DOPA (levodopa)
4863:
4780:
4754:-methyldopamine)
4645:
4644:
4549:Phenoxybenzamine
4226:
4218:
4213:-DOPA (levodopa)
4210:
4162:
4131:-methyldopamine)
4077:
4076:
3889:Phenylpiperazine
3879:Phenoxybenzamine
3529:
3521:
3516:-DOPA (levodopa)
3513:
3470:
3454:Dexisometheptene
3444:-methyldopamine)
3405:
3404:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3240:10.1002/dta.2728
3219:
3213:
3212:
3194:
3192:10.1113/JP281819
3185:(5): 1209–1227.
3166:
3160:
3159:
3149:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3069:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3023:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2966:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2868:
2861:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2836:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2676:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2639:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2573:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2499:
2488:
2487:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2376:
2367:(9): 1374–1380.
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2295:. Archived from
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2108:
2101:
2090:
2089:
2079:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2030:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1976:Rossi S (2004).
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1755:. Archived from
1722:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1693:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1628:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1523:nctr-crs.fda.gov
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1444:
1212:enantiopure drug
1192:CIP nomenclature
1118:, beginning the
1112:adenylyl cyclase
922:
825:, also known as
816:
815:
808:
738:
718:
703:
700:
694:
688:
671:
660:
649:
629:
609:
589:
569:
549:
529:
509:
499:
498:
486:
476:
475:
461:
389:
345:
338:
335:
325:
322:
317:
314:
306:
303:
297:
294:
272:
262:
252:
242:
232:
169:
166:
148:
137:
134:
121:
107:
87:
84:
42:
33:
26:
24:
20:
9443:
9442:
9438:
9437:
9436:
9434:
9433:
9432:
9368:
9367:
9366:
9356:
9354:
9346:
9344:
9339:
9319:
9286:
9236:
9190:
9186:Laurie Glimcher
9153:Manvinder Banga
9148:Roy M. Anderson
9143:Simon Dingemans
9125:
9108:
8982:
8865:
8759:
8692:
8682:
8670:
8665:ViiV Healthcare
8626:
8621:
8591:
8586:
8522:Methoxphenidine
8400:
8365:Normetanephrine
8294:
8286:
8277:
8268:
8209:
8170:
8169:
8161:
8050:
8041:
7987:
7948:
7799:
7790:
7778:
7729:
7721:
7697:
7545:
7533:Tranylcypromine
7518:Pseudoephedrine
7430:
7425:Norfenfluramine
7400:Methamphetamine
7325:Dexfenfluramine
7260:Levoamphetamine
7207:
7105:Bromo-DragonFLY
7053:
7039:
7017:Methylphenidate
6948:
6518:Phenethylamines
6512:
6510:Phenethylamines
6507:
6477:
6472:
6471:
6456:Clinical trials
6435:
6329:
6289:
6272:PDE4 inhibitors
6265:
6242:
6224:
6186:
6123:
6100:
6061:
6052:
6005:Glucocorticoids
5995:
5981:Methylephedrine
5931:
5898:
5889:
5852:
5843:
5776:
5754:
5735:
5705:
5700:
5622:
5041:
4630:
4368:
4141:Dexmedetomidine
4072:
4059:
3892:antidepressants
3616:
3449:Desglymidodrine
3400:
3391:
3383:
3353:
3352:
3341:
3323:
3319:
3308:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3267:
3263:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3174:
3167:
3163:
3118:
3114:
3101:(65): 291–305.
3087:
3083:
3038:
3034:
3024:
2988:
2984:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2805:
2801:
2766:Sports Medicine
2761:
2757:
2718:
2714:
2674:
2671:
2664:
2660:
2652:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2598:
2590:
2588:
2575:
2574:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2524:
2516:
2514:
2501:
2500:
2491:
2462:(2–3): 259–68.
2452:
2448:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2394:
2390:
2361:Biol Pharm Bull
2349:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2205:
2204:
2197:
2178:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2103:
2102:
2093:
2048:
2044:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1833:
1829:
1818:
1802:
1798:
1787:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1720:
1714:
1707:
1676:(2): CD003235.
1662:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1630:
1629:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1446:
1445:
1436:
1431:
1415:
1365:
1347:
1339:
1301:
1293:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1235:
1180:racemic mixture
1160:
1142:
1105:
1096:
1055:bronchospasms,
1009:
1007:Adverse effects
971:premature labor
953:
929:
920:
886:fast heart rate
842:
811:
809:
806:(what is this?)
803:
798:
795:
790:
785:
784:
773:
770:
765:
764:
752:Racemic mixture
741:
716:
706:
697:
691:
652:
632:
612:
592:
572:
552:
532:
512:
495:
489:
472:
464:
444:
441:
432:
431:
387:
376:Onset of action
356:Pharmacokinetic
350:
343:
276:
184:
177:
158:
151:
57:
51:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9441:
9431:
9430:
9425:
9420:
9415:
9410:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9365:
9364:
9341:
9340:
9338:
9337:
9324:
9321:
9320:
9318:
9317:
9312:
9305:
9300:
9294:
9292:
9288:
9287:
9285:
9284:
9277:
9270:
9263:
9256:
9248:
9246:
9242:
9241:
9238:
9237:
9235:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9222:Henry Wellcome
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9202:Thomas Beecham
9198:
9196:
9192:
9191:
9189:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9170:
9168:Lynn Elsenhans
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9133:Philip Hampton
9129:
9127:
9118:
9114:
9113:
9110:
9109:
9107:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9059:Goody's Powder
9056:
9051:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
9000:
8994:
8992:
8988:
8987:
8984:
8983:
8981:
8980:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8873:
8871:
8867:
8866:
8864:
8863:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8781:
8779:
8772:
8765:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8725:Glaxo Wellcome
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8696:
8694:
8688:
8687:
8684:
8683:
8678:
8676:
8672:
8671:
8669:
8668:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8641:
8639:
8632:
8628:
8627:
8620:
8619:
8612:
8605:
8597:
8588:
8587:
8585:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8556:Levosalbutamol
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8437:Desvenlafaxine
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8408:
8406:
8402:
8401:
8399:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8380:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8352:
8350:Norepinephrine
8347:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8299:
8291:
8289:-Phenylalanine
8283:
8274:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8175:
8173:
8167:Catecholamines
8163:
8162:
8160:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8060:
8058:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8048:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
7997:
7995:
7989:
7988:
7986:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7809:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7797:
7785:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7739:
7737:
7731:
7730:
7728:
7727:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7680:Methamnetamine
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7301:Etilamfetamine
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7063:
7061:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7051:
7046:
7034:
7029:
7020:
7019:
7014:
7006:
6998:
6990:
6982:
6977:
6971:
6966:
6964:Phenethylamine
6961:
6946:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6879:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6552:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6522:
6520:
6514:
6513:
6506:
6505:
6498:
6491:
6483:
6474:
6473:
6470:
6469:
6468:
6467:
6464:
6453:
6447:
6441:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6301:
6299:
6298:Others/unknown
6295:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6282:
6276:
6274:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6252:
6250:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6234:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6206:
6204:
6195:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6133:
6131:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6116:
6110:
6108:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6067:
6065:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6009:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5903:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5868:
5863:
5857:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5844:
5842:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5781:
5779:
5774:
5766:
5756:
5755:
5734:
5733:
5726:
5719:
5711:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5689:
5680:
5671:
5662:
5653:
5644:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5253:Dexpropranolol
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4922:Norepinephrine
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4887:Levosalbutamol
4884:
4876:
4874:-Phenylalanine
4868:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4651:
4649:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4608:chlorpromazine
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4444:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4364:Xylometazoline
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4274:Norepinephrine
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4223:
4221:-Phenylalanine
4215:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4027:chlorpromazine
4020:
4015:
3989:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3686:
3681:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3612:Xylometazoline
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3567:Norepinephrine
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3526:
3524:-Phenylalanine
3518:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3382:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3359:
3351:
3350:
3339:
3317:
3306:
3286:
3279:
3261:
3234:(5): 597–609.
3223:
3214:
3172:
3161:
3112:
3081:
3032:
2982:
2957:(9): 1365–75.
2937:
2930:
2912:
2880:
2848:
2799:
2755:
2728:(8): 949–952.
2712:
2685:(3): 617–626.
2669:
2658:
2626:
2608:
2563:
2534:
2489:
2446:
2424:
2388:
2343:
2310:
2283:
2253:
2246:
2228:
2195:
2176:
2156:
2134:
2127:
2121:. March 2008.
2091:
2042:
1993:
1986:
1968:
1937:
1912:
1882:
1854:
1847:
1827:
1816:
1796:
1785:
1765:
1705:
1653:
1596:
1568:
1554:
1539:
1510:
1499:. 8 March 2019
1484:
1469:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1414:
1413:Veterinary use
1411:
1364:
1361:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1234:
1231:
1159:
1156:
1140:
1108:smooth muscles
1103:
1095:
1092:
1073:kidney failure
1008:
1005:
951:
945:asthma attacks
928:
925:
855:asthma attacks
840:
818:
817:
800:
799:
797:
796:
793:
791:
788:
780:
779:
778:
775:
774:
772:
771:
768:
760:
759:
758:
755:
754:
749:
743:
742:
740:
739:
731:
729:
721:
720:
714:
708:
707:
704:
695:
689:
684:
678:
677:
673:
672:
662:
654:
653:
651:
650:
642:
640:
634:
633:
631:
630:
622:
620:
614:
613:
611:
610:
602:
600:
594:
593:
591:
590:
582:
580:
574:
573:
571:
570:
562:
560:
554:
553:
551:
550:
542:
540:
534:
533:
531:
530:
522:
520:
514:
513:
511:
510:
502:
500:
491:
490:
488:
487:
479:
477:
466:
465:
463:
462:
454:
452:
446:
445:
443:
442:
435:
427:
426:
425:
422:
421:
417:
416:
411:
405:
404:
401:
395:
394:
391:
382:
381:
378:
372:
371:
366:
360:
359:
352:
351:
349:
348:
333:
320:
312:
301:
291:
289:
283:
282:
278:
277:
275:
274:
221:
219:
213:
212:
207:
201:
200:
187:
185:administration
179:
178:
176:
175:
173:
163:
161:
153:
152:
150:
149:
131:
129:
123:
122:
115:
109:
108:
101:
91:
90:
78:
74:
73:
70:
64:
63:
59:
58:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9440:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9375:
9373:
9363:
9353:
9352:
9349:
9336:
9335:
9326:
9325:
9322:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9310:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9295:
9293:
9289:
9283:
9282:
9278:
9276:
9275:
9271:
9269:
9268:
9264:
9262:
9261:
9257:
9255:
9254:
9250:
9249:
9247:
9243:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9217:John K. Smith
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9199:
9197:
9193:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:Jesse Goodman
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9138:Emma Walmsley
9136:
9134:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9122:
9119:
9115:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
8995:
8993:
8989:
8979:
8978:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8874:
8872:
8868:
8862:
8861:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8830:Paxil/Seroxat
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8782:
8780:
8776:
8773:
8769:
8766:
8762:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8705:Beecham Group
8703:
8701:
8698:
8697:
8695:
8691:Predecessors,
8689:
8681:
8677:
8673:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8642:
8640:
8636:
8633:
8629:
8625:
8618:
8613:
8611:
8606:
8604:
8599:
8598:
8595:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8572:Thiamphenicol
8570:
8568:
8567:Theodrenaline
8565:
8563:
8560:
8557:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8482:Fluorolintane
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8409:
8407:
8405:Miscellaneous
8403:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8391:Phenylephrine
8389:
8387:
8385:
8381:
8379:
8377:
8373:
8371:
8370:Orciprenaline
8368:
8366:
8363:
8360:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8345:
8344:Levonordefrin
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8304:
8300:
8298:
8292:
8290:
8284:
8281:
8275:
8272:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8213:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8176:
8174:
8168:
8164:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8057:
8053:
8047:
8044:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7994:
7990:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7911:Methcathinone
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7806:
7802:
7796:
7793:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7766:Mephentermine
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7741:
7740:
7738:
7736:
7732:
7725:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7615:6-Chloro-MDMA
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7538:Xylopropamine
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7405:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7330:
7326:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7276:Benzphetamine
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7261:
7257:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7067:Psychedelics:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7060:
7056:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7011:
7007:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6989:
6987:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:(amphetamine)
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6956:
6955:
6954:
6951:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6898:Isoproscaline
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6883:Allylescaline
6881:
6880:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6526:Psychedelics:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6511:
6504:
6499:
6497:
6492:
6490:
6485:
6484:
6481:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6438:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6332:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6296:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6270:Non-xanthine
6268:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6245:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6189:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6177:Proxyphylline
6175:
6173:
6172:Etamiphylline
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6147:Aminophylline
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6132:
6130:
6126:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6103:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6059:
6055:
6049:
6048:Triamcinolone
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6018:Betamethasone
6016:
6014:
6013:Beclometasone
6011:
6010:
6008:
6006:
6002:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5971:Hexoprenaline
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5947:+theophylline
5944:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5934:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5900:
5892:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5846:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5740:
5732:
5727:
5725:
5720:
5718:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5658:Serotonergics
5654:
5651:
5650:
5649:Dopaminergics
5645:
5642:
5641:
5638:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5403:Levobetaxolol
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5243:Cyanopindolol
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4927:Orciprenaline
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4877:
4875:
4869:
4867:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4828:Hexoprenaline
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4489:Esmirtazapine
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4413:brexpiprazole
4410:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4279:Oxymetazoline
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4107:Apraclonidine
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4066:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3996:amitriptyline
3993:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3908:triazoledione
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3689:Beta blockers
3687:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3662:brexpiprazole
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3582:Phenylephrine
3580:
3578:
3577:Oxymetazoline
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3508:Isometheptene
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3346:
3342:
3340:9780323240741
3336:
3332:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3309:
3307:9780702054235
3303:
3299:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3280:9780470959640
3276:
3272:
3265:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3218:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3165:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3052:(5): 789–94.
3051:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2933:
2927:
2923:
2916:
2897:
2890:
2884:
2865:
2858:
2852:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2819:(3): 584–97.
2818:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2662:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2630:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2605:
2604:public domain
2586:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2531:
2530:public domain
2512:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2437:The Telegraph
2434:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2405:(8): 1395–8.
2404:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2347:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2249:
2247:9781416028888
2243:
2239:
2232:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2177:9781609133450
2173:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2144:
2138:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1850:
1848:9783527607495
1844:
1840:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1817:9780941901215
1813:
1809:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1786:9781608317080
1782:
1778:
1777:
1769:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1658:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1627:
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1623:
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1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1584:
1583:
1582:Health Canada
1578:
1572:
1564:
1558:
1550:
1543:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1498:
1494:
1488:
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1457:
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1439:
1434:
1426:
1423:
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1410:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1342:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1098:The tertiary
1091:
1089:
1084:
1083:derivatives.
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1025:muscle cramps
1022:
1018:
1014:
1004:
1002:
998:
993:
991:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
967:smooth muscle
965:
962:to relax the
961:
957:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
924:
918:
914:
909:
907:
906:breastfeeding
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
861:, as well as
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:smooth muscle
844:
836:
832:
828:
824:
814:
807:
801:
792:
787:
786:
783:
776:
767:
766:
763:
756:
753:
750:
748:
744:
737:
733:
732:
730:
727:
722:
715:
713:
709:
685:
683:
679:
674:
670:
666:
663:
661:
659:ECHA InfoCard
655:
648:
644:
643:
641:
639:
635:
628:
624:
623:
621:
619:
615:
608:
604:
603:
601:
599:
595:
588:
584:
583:
581:
579:
575:
568:
564:
563:
561:
559:
555:
548:
544:
543:
541:
539:
535:
528:
524:
523:
521:
519:
515:
508:
504:
503:
501:
494:PubChem
492:
485:
481:
480:
478:
471:
467:
460:
456:
455:
453:
451:
447:
439:
434:
433:
430:
423:
418:
415:
412:
410:
406:
402:
400:
396:
392:
390:
383:
379:
377:
373:
370:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
346:
334:
331:
321:
313:
311:
302:
293:
292:
290:
288:
284:
279:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
223:
222:
220:
218:
214:
211:
208:
206:
202:
199:
195:
191:
188:
186:
180:
174:
165:
164:
162:
160:
154:
147:
142:
133:
132:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
100:
96:
92:
83:
79:
75:
71:
69:
65:
62:Clinical data
60:
55:
49:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
9333:
9309:Side Effects
9307:
9279:
9272:
9265:
9258:
9251:
9227:Andrew Witty
9212:Mahlon Kline
9163:Vivienne Cox
8976:
8932:H5N1 vaccine
8859:
8844:
8693:acquisitions
8631:Subsidiaries
8562:Solriamfetol
8551:
8477:Famprofazone
8383:
8375:
8361:-Octopamine)
8358:
8355:Norfenefrine
8310:Metanephrine
8302:
8258:Isoprenaline
8214:(Dextrodopa)
8199:Adrenochrome
8157:Pyrovalerone
8063:
8042:
8001:Entactogens:
8000:
7950:Entactogens:
7949:
7896:Ethcathinone
7812:
7791:
7780:Entactogens:
7779:
7742:
7735:Phentermines
7698:
7547:Entactogens:
7546:
7543:Zylofuramine
7321:Fenfluramine
7316:Fenethylline
7266:Amphetaminil
7247:Amfepentorex
7208:
7066:
7059:Amphetamines
7040:
7024:Entactogens:
7023:
7009:
7001:
6993:
6985:
6949:
6947:
6923:Metaescaline
6525:
6310:Ensifentrine
6182:Theophylline
6167:Enprofylline
6142:Ambuphylline
6114:Cromoglicate
5991:Racephedrine
5875:Arformoterol
5824:
5692:
5683:
5674:
5665:
5656:
5647:
5636:
5635:
5428:Metipranolol
5413:Levomoprolol
5358:Idropranolol
4981:
4853:Isoprenaline
4751:
4675:Arformoterol
4620:thioridazine
4612:fluphenazine
4584:Spiroxatrine
4544:Phentolamine
4463:tandospirone
4429:paliperidone
4319:Tasipimidine
4299:Rezatomidine
4244:Medetomidine
4128:
4039:thioridazine
4031:fluphenazine
4012:trimipramine
4000:clomipramine
3884:Phentolamine
3753:acetergamine
3729:Corynanthine
3441:
3330:
3320:
3296:
3289:
3270:
3264:
3231:
3227:
3217:
3182:
3178:
3164:
3132:(1): 42–53.
3129:
3125:
3115:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3049:
3045:
3035:
2998:(5): 312–5.
2995:
2991:
2985:
2954:
2950:
2940:
2921:
2915:
2903:. Retrieved
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
2864:the original
2851:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2772:(1): 39–57.
2769:
2765:
2758:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2682:
2678:
2661:
2650:the original
2645:
2641:
2629:
2620:
2617:"Salbutamol"
2611:
2589:. Retrieved
2580:
2554:. Retrieved
2546:
2537:
2515:. Retrieved
2506:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2436:
2427:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2346:
2334:. Retrieved
2325:
2301:. Retrieved
2297:the original
2286:
2274:. Retrieved
2265:
2256:
2237:
2231:
2219:. Retrieved
2210:
2166:
2159:
2147:. Retrieved
2137:
2110:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2013:(7): 692–4.
2010:
2006:
1996:
1977:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1950:
1945:Hatfield H.
1940:
1928:. Retrieved
1924:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1894:
1885:
1876:10665/371090
1866:
1857:
1837:
1830:
1806:
1799:
1775:
1768:
1757:the original
1731:(9): 873–7.
1728:
1724:
1673:
1669:
1644:. Retrieved
1635:
1587:. Retrieved
1585:. 9 May 2018
1580:
1571:
1557:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1522:
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1496:
1487:
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1451:
1448:"Salbutamol"
1424:
1416:
1400:
1389:
1379:
1372:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1340:
1328:
1310:
1294:
1285:
1278:
1255:
1236:
1220:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1167:
1151:
1149:
1097:
1094:Pharmacology
1085:
1010:
994:
990:hyperkalemia
987:
949:
933:bronchospasm
930:
927:Medical uses
910:
890:bronchospasm
883:
853:, including
830:
826:
822:
821:
810:
804:
437:
386:Elimination
287:Legal status
281:Legal status
194:Inhalational
127:License data
53:
47:
18:
9176:Judy Lewent
8582:Venlafaxine
8547:Pronethalol
8517:Methoxamine
8447:Dizocilpine
8442:Diphenidine
8417:Amidephrine
8378:-Octopamine
8315:Metaraminol
8282:(Droxidopa)
8228:Epinephrine
8218:Dimetofrine
8064:Stimulants:
8043:Stimulants:
7871:Brephedrone
7861:Amfepramone
7813:Stimulants:
7795:Cericlamine
7776:Phentermine
7756:Clortermine
7743:Stimulants:
7523:Sibutramine
7508:Prenylamine
7443:Oxifentorex
7395:Metaraminol
7335:Fenproporex
7306:Fencamfamin
7286:Clobenzorex
7252:Amphetamine
7209:Stimulants:
6950:Stimulants:
6908:Macromerine
6452:from market
6285:Roflumilast
6261:Seratrodast
6220:Zafirlukast
6210:Montelukast
6162:Doxofylline
6152:Bamifylline
6033:Flunisolide
6028:Ciclesonide
5961:Epinephrine
5917:Indacaterol
5866:Clenbuterol
5839:Tulobuterol
5834:Terbutaline
5760:Adrenergics
5553:Spirendolol
5528:Propranolol
5523:Propafenone
5518:Pronethalol
5408:Levobunolol
5383:Isoxaprolol
5368:Indopanolol
5353:ICI-118,551
5318:Eugenodilol
5303:Ersentilide
5283:Draquinolol
5278:Diprafenone
5248:Dalbraminol
5228:Cicloprolol
5203:Carpindolol
5188:Butofilolol
5133:Bornaprolol
5078:Alprenoxime
5046:Antagonists
5007:Tulobuterol
5002:Tretoquinol
4997:Terbutaline
4957:Ractopamine
4952:Prenalterol
4858:Isoxsuprine
4843:Indacaterol
4813:Eugenodilol
4803:Etilevodopa
4788:Epinephrine
4779:Droxidopa (
4759:Dipivefrine
4730:Clenbuterol
4574:Setiptiline
4564:Rauwolscine
4539:Pardoprunox
4529:Mirtazapine
4494:Fenmetozole
4437:risperidone
4400:Atipamezole
4373:Antagonists
4329:Tiamenidine
4324:Tetryzoline
4304:Rilmenidine
4269:Naphazoline
4205:Guanoxabenz
4180:Epinephrine
4170:Etilevodopa
4161:Droxidopa (
4151:Dipivefrine
4112:Brimonidine
3982:maprotiline
3859:Pardoprunox
3854:Niguldipine
3814:Mepiprazole
3789:Hydroxyzine
3779:Etoperidone
3769:nicergoline
3739:Domesticine
3734:Dapiprazole
3709:eugenodilol
3684:Benoxathian
3678:risperidone
3643:Anisodamine
3621:Antagonists
3602:Tiamenidine
3597:Tetryzoline
3562:Naphazoline
3547:Methoxamine
3542:Metaraminol
3488:Etilevodopa
3478:Epinephrine
3469:Droxidopa (
3459:Dipivefrine
3420:Amidephrine
2556:26 February
2517:24 February
1632:"Albuterol"
1503:21 December
1396:SMN protein
1223:enantiomers
1210:form as an
1133:eosinophils
1100:butyl group
1069:hypokalemia
1065:hypotension
1053:paradoxical
1037:tachycardia
1033:palpitation
879:intravenous
719: g·mol
665:100.038.552
420:Identifiers
300: S3/S4
198:Intravenous
113:MedlinePlus
80:Albuterol (
77:Other names
68:Trade names
9372:Categories
9245:Litigation
9232:Chris Gent
9181:Urs Rohner
9089:Parodontax
8897:Engerix-B
8710:Block Drug
8552:Salbutamol
8487:Hexapradol
8467:Etafedrine
8462:Ephenidine
8457:Dopexamine
8452:Dobutamine
8432:Denopamine
8422:Arbutamine
8396:Synephrine
8330:Methyldopa
8325:Metirosine
8273:(Levodopa)
8263:Isoetarine
8248:Fenclonine
8238:Etilefrine
8152:Prolintane
7983:Mephedrone
7946:Radafaxine
7936:Pentedrone
7916:Methedrone
7876:Buphedrone
7866:Benzedrone
7805:Cathinones
7717:Selegiline
7707:Amiflamine
7503:Pholedrine
7453:Ortetamine
7448:Oxilofrine
7380:Lefetamine
7370:Iofetamine
7355:Furfenorex
7350:Formetorex
7340:Flucetorex
7271:Benfluorex
7242:Amfecloral
7237:Alfetamine
7110:D-Deprenyl
7027:Lophophine
6938:Psi-2C-T-4
6933:Proscaline
6903:Jimscaline
6325:Omalizumab
6320:Fenspiride
6256:Ramatroban
6215:Pranlukast
6194:inhibition
6192:Eicosanoid
6137:Acefylline
6119:Nedocromil
6043:Mometasone
6023:Budesonide
5966:Etafedrine
5927:Vilanterol
5922:Olodaterol
5912:Carmoterol
5907:Abediterol
5885:Salmefamol
5880:Salmeterol
5871:Formoterol
5861:Bambuterol
5815:Reproterol
5810:Procaterol
5805:Pirbuterol
5800:Isoetarine
5790:Carbuterol
5785:Bitolterol
5737:Drugs for
5618:Xipranolol
5608:Toliprolol
5598:Tiprenolol
5583:Tienoxolol
5578:Tertatolol
5563:Sulfinalol
5543:Soquinolol
5538:Ronactolol
5513:Procinolol
5508:Primidolol
5493:Penbutolol
5473:Pacrinolol
5468:Oxprenolol
5463:Nipradilol
5433:Metoprolol
5423:Mepindolol
5418:Medroxalol
5388:Isamoltane
5378:Iprocrolol
5338:Flusoxolol
5328:Falintolol
5308:Esatenolol
5258:Diacetolol
5238:Cloranolol
5218:Celiprolol
5213:Carvedilol
5193:Capsinolol
5178:Butaxamine
5173:Bupranolol
5163:Bunitrolol
5143:Bucindolol
5138:Brefonalol
5128:Bopindolol
5123:Bisoprolol
5118:Bevantolol
5098:Arotinolol
5083:Amosulalol
5073:Alprenolol
5053:Acebutolol
5032:Zilpaterol
5017:Vilanterol
4992:Solabegron
4987:Salmeterol
4982:Salbutamol
4967:Reproterol
4962:Procaterol
4947:Pirbuterol
4932:Oxyfedrine
4917:Mirabegron
4912:Methyldopa
4902:Melevodopa
4892:Lubabegron
4848:Isoetarine
4833:Higenamine
4823:Formoterol
4798:Etilefrine
4793:Etafedrine
4774:Dopexamine
4764:Dobutamine
4745:Denopamine
4740:Corbadrine
4720:Carmoterol
4715:Carbuterol
4705:Broxaterol
4700:Bitolterol
4690:Bambuterol
4680:Arotinolol
4670:Arbutamine
4660:Alifedrine
4655:Abediterol
4599:Tolazoline
4589:Sunepitron
4579:Spegatrine
4569:Rotigotine
4509:Ketanserin
4499:Fluparoxan
4479:Cirazoline
4474:Buflomedil
4459:ipsapirone
4447:Azapirones
4433:quetiapine
4425:olanzapine
4421:lurasidone
4395:Aptazapine
4390:Amesergide
4339:Tolonidine
4334:Tizanidine
4314:Talipexole
4309:Romifidine
4264:Moxonidine
4254:Methyldopa
4249:Melevodopa
4239:Lofexidine
4200:Guanfacine
4185:Etilefrine
4175:Ergotamine
4136:Detomidine
4122:Corbadrine
4018:Trimazosin
4008:imipramine
3969:Tolazoline
3964:Tiodazosin
3954:Tamsulosin
3949:Talipexole
3939:Spegatrine
3924:Quinazosin
3900:nefazodone
3874:Phendioxan
3864:Pelanserin
3849:Niaprazine
3844:Neldazosin
3834:Naftopidil
3829:Moxisylyte
3799:Ketanserin
3784:Fenspiride
3757:ergotamine
3719:Buflomedil
3705:carvedilol
3701:arotinolol
3697:amosulalol
3674:quetiapine
3670:olanzapine
3633:Ajmalicine
3592:Synephrine
3572:Octopamine
3552:Methyldopa
3537:Melevodopa
3503:Indanidine
3483:Etilefrine
3435:Corbadrine
3430:Cirazoline
3389:modulators
2873:20 October
2303:20 October
2149:16 October
1646:2 December
1532:22 October
1429:References
1276:agonists.
1239:David Jack
1188:enantiomer
1137:mast cells
1061:angioedema
1041:arrhythmia
983:nifedipine
956:obstetrics
823:Salbutamol
724:3D model (
712:Molar mass
627:CHEBI:2549
587:QF8SVZ843E
558:ChemSpider
518:IUPHAR/BPS
459:18559-94-9
450:CAS Number
429:IUPAC name
364:Metabolism
205:Drug class
23:Salbutamol
9315:Study 329
9126:Directors
9124:Board of
9099:Sensodyne
9079:Nicorette
9036:Emergen-C
9031:ChapStick
9011:BC Powder
9006:Aquafresh
8947:Pandemrix
8917:Hepatyrix
8815:Flixonase
8795:Augmentin
8532:PARGY-LAD
8427:Cafedrine
8386:-Tyramine
8340:Nordefrin
8320:Metaterol
8305:-Tyramine
8297:-Tyrosine
8253:Ibopamine
8142:Naphyrone
7973:Methylone
7941:Pentylone
7886:Cathinone
7881:Bupropion
7724:-Deprenyl
7390:Mefenorex
7360:Gepefrine
7311:Fencamine
7296:Ephedrine
7232:Acridorex
6959:Hordenine
6918:Mescaline
6811:2C-T-22.5
6549:25N-NBOMe
6544:25I-NBOMe
6539:25D-NBOMe
6534:25C-NBOMe
6529:25B-NBOMe
6462:Phase III
6450:Withdrawn
6315:Eprozinol
6305:Amlexanox
6280:Ibudilast
6129:Xanthines
5943:Ephedrine
5820:Rimiterol
5795:Fenoterol
5764:inhalants
5637:See also:
5613:Xibenolol
5603:Tolamolol
5588:Tilisolol
5568:Talinolol
5558:SR 59230A
5533:Ridazolol
5503:Practolol
5483:Pamatolol
5478:Pafenolol
5458:Nifenalol
5453:Nebivolol
5448:Nadoxolol
5398:Landiolol
5393:Labetalol
5363:Indenolol
5333:Flestolol
5323:Exaprolol
5288:Ecastolol
5273:Dilevalol
5233:Cinamolol
5223:Cetamolol
5208:Carteolol
5198:Carazolol
5183:Butidrine
5158:Bufuralol
5153:Bufetolol
5148:Bucumolol
5113:Betaxolol
5108:Befunolol
5088:Ancarolol
5058:Adaprolol
5022:Xamoterol
4977:Ritodrine
4972:Rimiterol
4937:PF-610355
4897:Mabuterol
4882:-Tyrosine
4838:Ibopamine
4818:Fenoterol
4725:Cimaterol
4710:Buphenine
4695:Befunolol
4665:Amibegron
4626:Yohimbine
4594:Terguride
4559:Piribedil
4554:Piperoxan
4524:Mianserin
4469:BRL-44408
4451:buspirone
4417:clozapine
4409:asenapine
4349:Vatinoxan
4289:Piperoxan
4259:Mivazerol
4234:Ibopamine
4229:-Tyrosine
4195:Guanabenz
4117:Clonidine
4055:Zolertine
3986:mianserin
3978:amoxapine
3959:Terazosin
3944:Spiperone
3934:Silodosin
3929:Quinidine
3914:Piperoxan
3904:trazodone
3869:Perlapine
3839:Nantenine
3824:Monatepil
3819:Metazosin
3804:L-765,314
3794:Indoramin
3773:terguride
3749:Ergolines
3744:Doxazosin
3724:Bunazosin
3713:labetalol
3666:clozapine
3653:Atiprosin
3648:Anisodine
3638:Alfuzosin
3628:Abanoquil
3557:Midodrine
3532:-Tyrosine
3498:Ibopamine
3425:Buspirone
3256:210842115
3209:239457357
3171:"The beta
2794:189906919
2707:229695809
2291:Mehta A.
2186:748675182
2007:Neurology
1930:30 August
1905:30 August
1636:Drugs.com
1497:Drugs.com
1452:Drugs.com
1407:lipolysis
1158:Chemistry
1129:basophils
1077:diuretics
1059:(hives),
1057:urticaria
1029:dry mouth
979:ritodrine
969:to delay
960:tocolytic
902:pregnancy
875:nebulizer
827:albuterol
747:Chirality
647:ChEMBL714
409:Excretion
388:half-life
183:Routes of
157:Pregnancy
146:Albuterol
105:Monograph
99:Drugs.com
9362:Medicine
9334:Category
9084:NiQuitin
9074:Nicoderm
9069:Lucozade
9064:Horlicks
9046:Excedrin
9021:Caltrate
8967:Shingrix
8957:Rabavert
8952:Pediarix
8927:Infanrix
8907:FluLaval
8892:Cervarix
8887:Boostrix
8870:Vaccines
8845:Ventolin
8835:Serlipet
8825:Lamictal
8820:Hycamtin
8805:Beconase
8764:Products
8537:Phenibut
8223:Dopamine
8204:Ciladopa
8194:a-Me-TRA
8034:Eutylone
8024:Butylone
7968:Ethylone
7963:Butylone
7953:3,4-DMMC
7901:Eutylone
7851:4-MeMABP
7771:Pentorex
7761:Etolorex
7751:Cloforex
7528:Tiflorex
7420:Morforex
7345:Fludorex
7100:Beatrice
6893:Escaline
6238:Zileuton
5899:agonists
5853:agonists
5777:agonists
5498:Pindolol
5488:Pargolol
5438:Moprolol
5313:Esprolol
5298:Ericolol
5293:Epanolol
5103:Atenolol
5068:Afurolol
5063:Adimolol
5037:Zinterol
5012:Vibegron
4769:Dopamine
4735:Colterol
4648:Agonists
4616:loxapine
4514:Lisuride
4504:Idazoxan
4484:Efaroxan
4455:gepirone
4441:zotepine
4385:Adimolol
4359:Xylazine
4344:Urapidil
4156:Dopamine
4080:Agonists
4045:Urapidil
4035:loxapine
3919:Prazosin
3765:lisuride
3693:adimolol
3464:Dopamine
3408:Agonists
3345:Archived
3312:Archived
3248:31960603
3201:34676534
3156:22134788
3107:22031667
3076:21952943
3020:30402521
3012:15377972
2977:Archived
2973:10973867
2896:Archived
2894:. WADA.
2843:18500380
2786:21142283
2750:81614300
2742:31303195
2699:33357007
2591:10 April
2484:71908898
2476:17085798
2441:Archived
2419:20074739
2383:28652557
2330:Archived
2270:Archived
2215:Archived
2190:Archived
2086:37186601
2077:10545502
2037:26791147
1955:Archived
1925:ClinCalc
1899:Archived
1895:ClinCalc
1865:(2023).
1822:Archived
1791:Archived
1745:24938536
1700:15846652
1640:Archived
1589:13 April
1462:11 April
1456:Archived
1363:Research
1081:xanthine
1021:headache
975:atosiban
831:Ventolin
813:(verify)
538:DrugBank
507:46505312
217:ATC code
190:By mouth
159:category
141:DailyMed
9403:Phenols
9054:Geritol
9050:Flonase
9026:Centrum
9016:Biotene
8998:Actifed
8972:Twinrix
8962:Rotarix
8922:Hiberix
8902:Fluarix
8882:Bexsero
8840:Tagamet
8800:Avandia
8771:Current
8638:Current
8577:UWA-101
8542:PRO-LAD
8472:ETH-LAD
8233:Epinine
8189:a-Me-DA
8112:4-MePPP
8107:4-MePHP
8102:4-MePBP
8014:Ariadne
7792:Others:
7702:3,4-DCA
7699:Others:
7650:2,3-MDA
7635:6-MAPDB
7600:5-MAPDB
7281:Cathine
7205:ZDCM-04
7190:Psi-DOM
7175:Ganesha
7041:Others:
6856:2C-T-33
6851:2C-T-32
6846:2C-T-31
6841:2C-T-30
6836:2C-T-28
6831:2C-T-27
6826:2C-T-25
6821:2C-T-24
6816:2C-T-23
6806:2C-T-22
6801:2C-T-21
6796:2C-T-20
6791:2C-T-19
6786:2C-T-18
6781:2C-T-17
6776:2C-T-16
6771:2C-T-15
6766:2C-T-14
6761:2C-T-13
6756:2C-T-12
6751:2C-T-11
6746:2C-T-10
6561:2C-B-AN
5593:Timolol
5573:Tazolol
5548:Sotalol
5443:Nadolol
5168:Bunolol
5093:Arnolol
5027:XP21279
4606:(e.g.,
4534:NAN-190
4449:(e.g.,
4407:(e.g.,
4354:XP21279
4102:Amitraz
4050:WB-4101
4025:(e.g.,
4004:doxepin
3994:(e.g.,
3976:(e.g.,
3894:(e.g.,
3751:(e.g.,
3691:(e.g.,
3660:(e.g.,
3607:XP21279
3147:3260050
3067:3196786
2834:2439523
2621:PubChem
2336:22 June
2276:23 June
2221:13 July
2028:4762416
1980:. AMH.
1961:27 June
1753:2070868
1691:6457842
1388:of the
1321:sulfate
1241:at the
1233:History
1182:. The (
1017:anxiety
964:uterine
871:inhaler
717:239.315
682:Formula
547:DB01001
470:PubChem
347:Rx-only
344:WARNING
308::
267: (
265:R03AL02
257: (
255:R03AK13
247: (
245:R03AK04
237: (
235:R03CC02
233:)
227: (
225:R03AC02
172: A
143::
119:a607004
9348:Portal
9117:People
9094:Ribena
8991:Former
8942:Menveo
8937:Kinrix
8912:Havrix
8877:Arexvy
8855:Zantac
8810:Boniva
8785:Advair
8778:Pharma
8680:Haleon
8675:Former
8660:Tesaro
8492:IP-LAD
8412:AL-LAD
8184:6-OHDA
7719:(also
7712:DiFMDA
7630:6-MAPB
7620:6-EAPB
7610:6-APDB
7595:5-MAPB
7585:5-EAPB
7580:5-APDB
7185:MMDA-2
7085:3C-MAL
7037:MDMPEA
6888:DESOXY
6866:2C-TFM
6861:2C-TFE
6741:2C-T-9
6736:2C-T-8
6731:2C-T-7
6726:2C-T-6
6721:2C-T-5
6716:2C-T-4
6711:2C-T-3
6706:2C-T-2
6681:2C-O-4
6671:2C-NH2
6646:2C-G-N
6641:2C-G-6
6636:2C-G-5
6631:2C-G-4
6626:2C-G-3
6621:2C-G-2
6616:2C-G-1
6445:WHO-EM
5743:asthma
4783:-DOPS)
4165:-DOPS)
4092:4-NEMD
3473:-DOPS)
3337:
3304:
3277:
3254:
3246:
3207:
3199:
3154:
3144:
3105:
3074:
3064:
3018:
3010:
2971:
2928:
2905:22 May
2841:
2831:
2792:
2784:
2748:
2740:
2705:
2697:
2482:
2474:
2417:
2381:
2244:
2184:
2174:
2125:
2084:
2074:
2035:
2025:
1984:
1845:
1814:
1783:
1751:
1743:
1698:
1688:
1345:Doping
1337:Misuse
1186:)-(−)-
1124:myosin
1031:, and
1013:tremor
950:As a β
937:asthma
921:
896:, and
851:asthma
762:SMILES
638:ChEMBL
607:D02147
414:Kidney
341:
328:
310:℞-only
139:
9291:Other
9195:Other
9002:Advil
8720:Glaxo
8667:(85%)
8527:MT-45
8280:-DOPS
8271:-DOPA
8212:-DOPA
8179:6-FNE
8122:MOPVP
8117:MOPPP
8092:MDPPP
8087:MDPBP
8082:α-PVP
8077:α-PPP
8072:α-PHP
8067:α-PBP
8009:4-MAB
8004:4-CAB
7958:3-MMC
7856:4-MPD
7846:4-MEC
7841:4-FMC
7836:4-EMC
7831:4-CMC
7826:4-BMC
7816:3-FMC
7788:MDMPH
7685:MMDMA
7665:MDHMA
7605:6-APB
7575:5-APB
7570:4-MTA
7565:4-MMA
7555:4-FMA
7227:3-FMA
7217:2-FMA
7170:DOTFM
7125:DMMDA
7120:DMCPA
7095:Aleph
7075:3C-BZ
7070:3C-AL
7049:DMPEA
7032:MDPEA
6943:TCB-2
6913:MEPEA
6871:2C-YN
6696:2C-SE
6691:2C-Ph
6661:2C-iP
6601:2C-EF
6586:2C-CP
6581:2C-CN
6571:2C-Bu
6566:2C-Bn
5936:Other
4097:6-FNE
3415:6-FNE
3252:S2CID
3205:S2CID
3016:S2CID
2899:(PDF)
2892:(PDF)
2867:(PDF)
2860:(PDF)
2790:S2CID
2746:S2CID
2703:S2CID
2675:(PDF)
2653:(PDF)
2638:(PDF)
2585:(FDA)
2581:U.S.
2551:(FDA)
2547:U.S.
2511:(FDA)
2507:U.S.
2480:S2CID
2266:CHEMM
1951:WebMD
1760:(PDF)
1749:S2CID
1721:(PDF)
1374:Dok-7
1299:Names
1249:) in
1247:Glaxo
782:InChI
726:JSmol
618:ChEBI
369:Liver
9104:Tums
8977:more
8860:more
8790:Alli
8137:MPPP
8132:MPHP
8127:MPBP
8097:MDPV
8039:MBDB
8029:EBDB
7821:4-MC
7783:MDPH
7675:MDOH
7660:MDEA
7625:6-IT
7590:5-IT
7560:4-MA
7550:4-FA
7493:PMMA
7488:PMEA
7473:PFMA
7222:3-FA
7212:2-FA
7200:TeMA
7180:MMDA
7165:DOPR
7145:DOET
7140:DOEF
7090:3C-P
7080:3C-E
6876:2C-V
6701:2C-T
6686:2C-P
6676:2C-O
6666:2C-N
6656:2C-I
6651:2C-H
6611:2C-G
6606:2C-F
6596:2C-E
6591:2C-D
6576:2C-C
6556:2C-B
5747:COPD
4685:BAAM
4519:mCPP
4380:1-PP
4294:PS75
3809:mCPP
3335:ISBN
3302:ISBN
3275:ISBN
3244:PMID
3197:PMID
3152:PMID
3103:PMID
3072:PMID
3008:PMID
2969:PMID
2926:ISBN
2907:2012
2875:2010
2839:PMID
2782:PMID
2738:PMID
2695:PMID
2593:2020
2558:2020
2519:2020
2472:PMID
2415:PMID
2403:1217
2379:PMID
2338:2017
2305:2010
2278:2017
2242:ISBN
2223:2014
2182:OCLC
2172:ISBN
2151:2021
2123:ISBN
2117:and
2082:PMID
2033:PMID
1982:ISBN
1963:2017
1932:2024
1907:2024
1843:ISBN
1812:ISBN
1781:ISBN
1741:PMID
1696:PMID
1674:2005
1648:2015
1591:2024
1534:2023
1505:2019
1464:2016
1391:SMN2
1352:WADA
1324:salt
1256:The
1116:cAMP
1079:and
999:and
977:and
904:and
857:and
598:KEGG
578:UNII
567:1999
484:2083
358:data
95:AHFS
82:USAN
9041:Eno
8624:GSK
8147:PEP
8019:BDB
7921:NEB
7695:TAP
7645:IAP
7640:EDA
7483:PMA
7478:PIA
7468:PFA
7463:PCA
7458:PBA
7415:MMA
7195:TMA
7160:DON
7155:DOM
7150:DOI
7135:DOC
7130:DOB
7115:DMA
7044:BOH
5751:R03
3236:doi
3187:doi
3183:600
3142:PMC
3134:doi
3062:PMC
3054:doi
3000:doi
2959:doi
2829:PMC
2821:doi
2817:154
2774:doi
2730:doi
2687:doi
2683:130
2646:279
2464:doi
2407:doi
2369:doi
2072:PMC
2064:doi
2060:146
2023:PMC
2015:doi
1871:hdl
1733:doi
1686:PMC
1678:doi
1527:FDA
1088:NHS
947:).
873:or
527:558
497:SID
474:CID
330:POM
270:WHO
260:WHO
250:WHO
240:WHO
230:WHO
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8857:…
7327:,
7258:,
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4002:,
3998:,
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3980:,
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
