Olympic Games - Knowledge

4025:

cities/regions to prepare. The process of selection is carried out in two phases that span a two-year period. The prospective host city applies to its country's National Olympic Committee; if more than one city from the same country submits a proposal to its NOC, the national committee typically holds an internal selection, since only one city per NOC can be presented to the International Olympic Committee for consideration. Once the deadline for submission of proposals by the NOCs is reached, the first phase (Application) begins with the applicant cities asked to complete a questionnaire regarding several key criteria related to the organisation of the Olympic Games. In this form, the applicants must give assurances that they will comply with the Olympic Charter and with any other regulations established by the IOC Executive Committee. The evaluation of the filled questionnaires by a specialised group provides the IOC with an overview of each applicant's project and their potential to host the Games. On the basis of this technical evaluation, the IOC Executive Board selects the applicants that will proceed to the candidature stage.

3413:(CAS) was expected to hear the case on 13 February with a decision scheduled for announcement on 14 February ahead of her scheduled appearance in the women's singles event beginning 15 February. Due to Valieva being a minor at the time, as well as being classified as a "protected person" under WADA guidelines, RUSADA and the IOC announced on 12 February that they would broaden the scope of their respective investigations to include members of her entourage (e.g. coaches, team doctors, etc.). By the end of the Beijing Olympics, a total five athletes were reported for doping violations. A decision by RUSADA was issued in mid-October, which was endorsed by WADA, stating that the details of the Valieva hearing and its scheduled dates would be placed under international guidelines for the protection of minors (Valieva was 15 years old when the positive test results were disclosed) and not to be disclosed publicly. Although Russia as a country is currently banned from participating in international skating events due to the 2227:, various elements frame the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. This ceremony takes place on a Friday and is held prior to the commencement of the sporting events (apart from some group-stage football matches, softball games, and rowing heats). Most of the rituals for the opening ceremony were established at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. The ceremony typically starts with the entrance of the president of the International Olympic Committee and a representative of the host country followed by the hoisting of the host country's flag and a performance of its national anthem. The host nation then presents artistic displays of music, singing, dance, and theatre representative of its culture. The artistic presentations have grown in scale and complexity as successive hosts attempt to provide a ceremony that outlasts its predecessor's in terms of memorability. The opening ceremony of the Beijing Games reportedly cost $ 100 million, with much of the cost incurred in the artistic segment. 3111:, the IOC Executive Board "recommends no participation of Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials, urges International Sports Federations and organizers of sports events worldwide to do everything in their power to ensure that no athlete or sports official from Russia or Belarus be allowed to take part under the name of Russia or Belarus." In 2023, the IOC announced that Russian and Belarusian athletes could participate in the Olympics under certain conditions: they must not represent their country or any associated organization, and those actively supporting the Russian invasion of Ukraine are barred from competing. This decision aimed to allow athletes to compete and enhance their stature. While 32 athletes accepted the invitation, 28 qualified athletes declined. Competing under a neutral flag and uniform, these athletes had a neutral song played if they won any medals, instead of their national anthems. Additionally, the audience was prohibited from waving their flags. 1430:

Olympic Committee (IOC) contribution of JPY 86.8 billion (US$ 0.8 billion), TOP sponsorship of JPY 56.9 billion (US$ 0.5 billion), local sponsorship of JPY 376.1 billion (US$ 3.4 billion), an insurance payout of JPY 50 billion (US$ 0.5 billion) for the postponement of the Games, and other sources including licensing. The expenditures included JPY 195.5 billion (US$ 1.8 billion) for venue-related costs and JPY 444.9 billion (US$ 4 billion) for service expenditures. The total cost also accounted for COVID-19 countermeasures amounting to JPY 35.3 billion (US$ 0.3 billion). Despite initial estimates, the total costs were reduced by JPY 220.2 billion (US$ 2 billion) from the budget announced in December 2020, and JPY 29.2 billion (US$ 0.3 billion) from the estimated budget in December 2021. This successful financial management resulted in a balanced budget for the Tokyo 2020 Games.

22773: 22672: 3386:(CAS). The ban meant that Russian athletes would only be allowed to compete under the Olympic flag after passing anti-doping tests. Russia appealed the decision to the CAS. The CAS, on review of Russia's appeal of its case from WADA, ruled on 17 December 2020, to reduce the penalty that WADA had placed. Instead of banning Russia from sporting events, the ruling allowed Russia to participate at the Olympics and other international events, but for a period of two years, the team cannot use the Russian name, flag, or anthem and must present themselves as "Neutral Athlete" or "Neutral Team". The ruling does allow for team uniforms to display "Russia" on the uniform as well as the use of the Russian flag colors within the uniform's design, although the name should be up to equal predominance as the "Neutral Athlete/Team" designation. 2920: 2665: 2271:

corresponding national anthems are played: the flag of the current host country; the flag of Greece, to honour the birthplace of the Olympic Games; and the flag of the country hosting the next Summer or Winter Olympic Games. The president of the organising committee and the IOC president make their closing speeches, the Games are officially closed, and the Olympic flame is extinguished. In what is known as the Antwerp Ceremony, the current mayor of the city that organised the Games transfers a special Olympic flag to the president of the IOC, who then passes it on to the current mayor of the city hosting the next Olympic Games. The next host nation then also briefly introduces itself with artistic displays of dance and theatre representative of its culture.

2689: 2677: 2641: 2653: 2209: 4029:

and inspecting prospective venue sites, and submit a report on its findings one month prior to the IOC's final decision. During the interview process the candidate city must also guarantee that it will be able to fund the Games. After the work of the evaluation commission, a list of candidates is presented to the General Session of the IOC, which must assemble in a country that does not have a candidate city in the running. The IOC members gathered in the Session have the final vote on the host city. Once elected, the host city bid committee (together with the NOC of the respective country) signs a Host City Contract with the IOC, officially becoming an Olympic host nation and host city.

1099: 2431:(IFs) recognised by the IOC as the global supervisors of those sports. There are 35 federations represented at the IOC. There are sports recognised by the IOC that are not included in the Olympic programme. These sports are not considered Olympic sports, but they can be promoted to this status during a programme revision that occurs in the first IOC session following a celebration of the Olympic Games. During such revisions, sports can be excluded or included in the programme on the basis of a two-thirds majority vote of the members of the IOC. There are recognised sports that have never been on an Olympic programme in any capacity, for example, orienteering. 22690: 1846:, was able to generate a surplus of US$ 225 million, which was an unprecedented amount at that time. The organising committee had been able to create such a surplus in part by selling exclusive sponsorship rights to select companies. The IOC sought to gain control of these sponsorship rights. Samaranch helped to establish The Olympic Programme (TOP) in 1985, in order to create an Olympic brand. Membership in TOP was, and is, very exclusive and expensive. Fees cost US$ 50 million for a four-year membership. Members of TOP received exclusive global advertising rights for their product category, and use of the Olympic symbol, the 1174: 2945: 608:—usually late August or early September. This "came after the annual harvest but before the picking of the olives." Heralds were sent from Elis to announce the dates. Competition at first was among only "legitimate sons of free-born Greek parents." However, after Macedonia, and then Rome, conquered Greece, the ten Olympic judges loosened the earlier standard and permitted anyone who spoke Greek to participate. Tens of thousands of Greeks would make the difficult journey to attend the festival. Some sources say as many as 40,000 attended. These Games featured mainly athletic but also combat sports such as wrestling and the 1954:

Games, the gymnastics competition was expanded from seven to nine nights, and a Champions Gala was added to attract greater interest; the events programmes were also expanded for swimming and diving, both popular sports with a broad base of television viewers. Due to the substantial fees NBC has paid for rights to the Olympics, the IOC has allowed the network to influence the event scheduling to maximise U.S. television ratings when possible. Notable examples of maximizing U.S. television viewership include scheduling the finals of the swimming events only during the mornings of the host cities Beijing (during the

23041: 23470: 23358: 22807: 13937: 23758: 23578: 23129: 23376: 22825: 3543:, likewise called for Saudi Arabia to be barred from the Games, describing its ban on women athletes as a violation of the International Olympic Committee charter. He noted: "For the last 15 years, many international nongovernmental organisations worldwide have been trying to lobby the IOC for better enforcement of its own laws banning gender discrimination. While their efforts did result in increasing numbers of women Olympians, the IOC has been reluctant to take a strong position and threaten the discriminating countries with suspension or expulsion." In July 2010, 22935: 3417:, Valieva has continued to compete within Russian borders without being hindered by RUSADA as recently as the Russian Grand Prix held in October 2022. In mid-November, WADA requested that CAS take up the review of the Valieva case with an eye towards a 4-year suspension of Valieva, which would exclude her from competition at the next Winter Olympics, and to rescind her first-place performance at the previous Beijing Olympics because, "the Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA) did not meet a WADA-imposed Nov. 4 deadline to deliver a verdict on Valiyeva's case." 1859: 23416: 23340: 23232: 23095: 22899: 12808: 2485: 2872:. Although a boycott led by the Soviet Union depleted the field in certain sports, 140 National Olympic Committees took part, which was a record at the time. The fact that Romania, a Warsaw Pact country, opted to compete despite Soviet demands led to a warm reception of the Romanian team by the United States. When the Romanian athletes entered during the opening ceremonies, they received a standing ovation from the spectators, which comprised mostly U.S. citizens. The boycotting nations of the Eastern Bloc staged their own alternate event, the 1288:, Austria, two years later. These Games will be shorter than the senior Games; the summer version will last twelve days, while the winter version will last nine days. The IOC allows 3,500 athletes and 875 officials to participate at the Summer Youth Games, and 970 athletes and 580 officials at the Winter Youth Games. The sports to be contested will coincide with those scheduled for the senior Games, however there will be variations on the sports including mixed NOC and mixed gender teams as well as a reduced number of disciplines and events. 1835:

resistance to this revenue stream meant the IOC left organising committees to negotiate their own sponsorship contracts and use the Olympic symbols. When Brundage retired, the IOC had US$ 2 million in assets; eight years later the IOC coffers had swelled to US$ 45 million. This was primarily due to a shift in ideology toward expansion of the Games through corporate sponsorship and the sale of television rights. When Juan Antonio Samaranch was elected IOC president in 1980, his desire was to make the IOC financially independent.

22654: 23704: 23596: 22989: 13699: 59: 22755: 2284: 989: 23007: 23147: 22865: 22708: 4013: 23830: 23668: 23560: 23214: 23077: 23025: 22789: 773: 2435:

Games. The commission formulated seven criteria to judge whether a sport should be included on the Olympic programme. These criteria are history and tradition of the sport, universality, popularity of the sport, image, athletes' health, development of the International Federation that governs the sport, and costs of holding the sport. From this study five recognised sports emerged as candidates for inclusion at the 2012 Summer Olympics: golf, karate, rugby sevens, roller sports and

827: 23740: 3214:. Dated prior to the country's decision to boycott the Games, the document detailed the existing steroids operations of the program, along with suggestions for further enhancements. The communication, directed to the Soviet Union's head of track and field, was prepared by Sergei Portugalov of the Institute for Physical Culture. Portugalov was also one of the main figures involved in the implementation of the Russian doping programme prior to the 2016 Summer Olympics. 1993: 25555: 22571: 14063: 3805: 3279: 1084:(so-called because they were the second Olympics to take place within the third Olympiad), which were held in Athens. These Games attracted a broad international field of participants and generated a great deal of public interest, marking the beginning of a rise in both the popularity and the size of the Olympics. The 1906 Games were officially recognised by the IOC at the time (although not any longer), and no Intercalated Games have been held since. 1043: 22881: 6075: 23542: 23488: 3126: 23632: 23434: 23113: 22953: 22971: 4001: 25567: 2117: 3432: 718:.) The winners of the events were admired and immortalised in poems and statues. Although a wreath made from the sacred olive tree in the precinct of Zeus was the only official prize at the Olympic Games, winners' fame brought them economic wealth, too, in the form of subsidies from their hometowns and wealthy sponsors. See, e.g., Finley and Pleket, and Perrottet The Games were held every four years, and this period, known as an 2439:. These sports were reviewed by the IOC Executive Board and then referred to the General Session in Singapore in July 2005. Of the five sports recommended for inclusion only two were selected as finalists: karate and squash. Neither sport attained the required two-thirds vote and consequently they were not promoted to the Olympic programme. In October 2009 the IOC voted to instate golf and rugby sevens as Olympic sports for the 1391:

more than the sports-related costs. The most expensive Summer Games were Beijing 2008 at US$ 40–44 billion, and the most expensive Winter Games were Sochi 2014 at US$ 51 billion. As of 2016, costs per athlete were, on average, US$ 599,000 for the Summer Games and $ 1.3 million for the Winter Games; for London 2012, the cost per athlete was $ 1.4 million, and the figure was $ 7.9 million for Sochi 2014.

22726: 23163: 4075: 570: 23804: 23722: 23614: 23506: 23322: 23197: 23778: 23686: 23452: 22917: 23650: 23524: 23181: 23059: 2602:(CAHA) felt their amateur players could no longer be competitive against the Soviet team's full-time athletes and the other constantly improving European teams. They pushed for the ability to use players from professional leagues but met opposition from the IIHF and IOC. At the IIHF Congress in 1969, the IIHF decided to allow Canada to use nine non-NHL professional hockey players at the 1970 World Championships in 25579: 27262: 23856: 22558: 21709: 16179: 15438: 14051: 4063: 2256: 22583: 14075: 6083: 4087: 612:, horse and chariot racing events. It has been widely written that during the Games, all conflicts among the participating city-states were postponed until the Games were finished. This cessation of hostilities was known as the Olympic peace or truce. This idea is a modern myth because the Greeks never suspended their wars. The truce did allow those religious pilgrims who were traveling to 3738:

exists only for athletes who previously competed for one nation and want to compete for another. If an athlete gains a new or second nationality, then they do not need to wait any designated amount of time before participating for the new or second nation. The IOC is only concerned with issues of citizenship and nationality after individual nations have granted citizenship to athletes.

2530:, a sound mind in a sound body. In this ethos, a gentleman was one who became an all-rounder, not the best at one specific thing. There was also a prevailing concept of fairness, in which practising or training was considered tantamount to cheating. Those who practised a sport professionally were considered to have an unfair advantage over those who practised it merely as a hobby. 3261:

federations attempt to emulate. During the Beijing games, 3,667 athletes were tested by the IOC under the auspices of the World Anti-Doping Agency. Both urine and blood tests were used to detect banned substances. In London over 6,000 Olympic and Paralympic athletes were tested. Prior to the Games 107 athletes tested positive for banned substances and were not allowed to compete.

1978:

all the rights and profits from the Olympic symbols. The IOC also takes a percentage of all sponsorship and broadcast income. Host cities continue to compete ardently for the right to host the Games, even though there is no certainty that they will earn back their investments. Research has shown that trade is around 30 percent higher for countries that have hosted the Olympics.

337:. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition, with more than 200 teams, representing sovereign states and territories, participating. By default, the Games generally substitute for any world championships during the year in which they take place (however, each class usually maintains its own records). The Olympics are staged every four years. Since 880:, these games were the first to be wholly amateur in nature and international in outlook, although only 'gentlemen amateurs' could compete. The programme of the first modern Olympiad in Athens in 1896 was almost identical to that of the Liverpool Olympics. In 1865 Hulley, Brookes and E.G. Ravenstein founded the National Olympian Association in Liverpool, a forerunner of the 1661:(DOJ). Although nothing strictly illegal had occurred, it was felt that the acceptance of the gifts was morally dubious. As a result of the investigation, ten members of the IOC were expelled and a further ten sanctioned. Stricter rules were adopted for future bids, and caps were introduced to define how much IOC members could accept from bid cities. Additionally, new 8190:"Sport athlétique", 14 mars 1891: "... dans une éloquente allocution il a souhaité que ce drapeau les conduise 'souvent à la victoire, à la lutte toujours'. Il a dit qu'il leur donnait pour devise ces trois mots qui sont le fondement et la raison d'être des sports athlétiques: citius, altius, fortius, 'plus vite, plus haut, plus fort'.", cited in Hoffmane, Simone 1593:

country during the parade of nations in the opening ceremony) is spoken in these three (or more) languages, or the main two depending on whether the host country is an English or French speaking country: French is always spoken first, followed by an English translation, and then the dominant language of the host nation (when this is not English or French).

1348:, all of which compete as separate nations despite being legally a part of another country. The current version of the Olympic Charter allows for the establishment of new NOCs to represent nations that qualify as "an independent State recognised by the international community". Consequently, the IOC did not allow the formation of NOCs for 3512:. Brunei had taken part in only three celebrations of the Games, sending a single athlete on each occasion, but Saudi Arabia and Qatar had been competing regularly with all-male teams. In 2010, the International Olympic Committee announced it would "press" these countries to enable and facilitate the participation of women for the 2247:, the IOC president, and the head of state/representative of the host country, formally opening the Games. Finally, the Olympic torch is brought into the stadium and passed on until it reaches the final torch carrier, often a successful Olympic athlete from the host nation, who lights the Olympic flame in the stadium's cauldron. 2610:, Canada. The decision was reversed in January 1970 after Brundage said that ice hockey's status as an Olympic sport would be in jeopardy if the change was made. In response, Canada withdrew from international ice hockey competition and officials stated that they would not return until "open competition" was instituted. 3104:. Although he was officially disqualified for being overweight, Miresmaeli was awarded US$ 125,000 in prize money by the Iranian government, an amount paid to all Iranian gold medal winners. He was officially cleared of intentionally avoiding the bout, but his receipt of the prize money raised suspicion. 3737:

of the country for which they compete. Dual nationals may compete for either country, as long as three years have passed since the competitor competed for the former country. However, if the NOCs and IF involved agree, then the IOC Executive Board may reduce or cancel this period. This waiting period

2100:

which focuses the sun's rays; she then lights the torch of the first relay bearer (who also is a Greek athlete), thus initiating the Olympic torch relay that will carry the flame to the host city's Olympic stadium, where it plays an important role in the opening ceremony. Though the flame has been an

1953:

in Barcelona. With such high costs charged to broadcast the Games, the added pressure of the internet, and increased competition from cable, the television lobby demanded concessions from the IOC to boost ratings. The IOC responded by making a number of changes to the Olympic programme; at the Summer

1834:

During the first half of the 20th century, the IOC ran on a small budget. As president of the IOC from 1952 to 1972, Avery Brundage rejected all attempts to link the Olympics with commercial interest. He believed that the lobby of corporate interests would unduly impact the IOC's decision-making. His

4028:

Once the candidate cities are selected, they must submit to the IOC a bigger and more detailed presentation of their project as part of a candidature file. Each city is thoroughly analysed by an evaluation commission. This commission will also visit the candidate cities, interviewing local officials

3777:

Occasionally, an athlete will become a citizen of a different country to enable them to compete in the Olympics. This is often because they are attracted to sponsorship deals or training facilities in the other country, or the athlete might be unable to qualify from within their country of birth. In

3549:

reported: "Pressure is growing on the International Olympic Committee to kick out Saudi Arabia, who are likely to be the only major nation not to include women in their Olympic team for 2012. ... Should Saudi Arabia ... send a male-only team to London, we understand they will face protests

2614:

became president of the IIHF in 1975 and helped to resolve the dispute with the CAHA. In 1976, the IIHF agreed to allow "open competition" between all players in the World Championships. However, NHL players were still not allowed to play in the Olympics until 1988, because of the IOC's amateur-only

1901:

wanted to take advantage of this heightened interest via the broadcast medium. The sale of broadcast rights enabled the IOC to increase the exposure of the Olympic Games, thereby generating more interest, which in turn enhanced the appeal of TV air time to the advertisers. This cycle allowed the IOC

1592:

French and English are the official languages of the Olympic Movement. The other language used at each Olympic Games is the language of the host country (or languages, if a country has more than one official language apart from French or English). Every proclamation (such as the announcement of each

1390:

The Oxford Olympics Study 2016 found that, since 1960, sports-related costs for the Summer Games were on average US$ 5.2 billion and for the Winter Games $ 3.1 billion. These figures do not include wider infrastructure costs like roads, urban rail, and airports, which often cost as much or

4024:

The host city for an Olympic Games had historically been chosen seven to eight years ahead of their celebration. Beginning with the 2024 and 2028 Olympics selection process in 2017, the IOC has proceeded to announce the winning bid with a longer lead-in time in order to provide time for the winning

3850:

Medals are awarded to the athletes or teams who place first, second, and third in each event. The winners receive gold medals, which were solid gold until 1912, later made of gilded silver, and now gold-plated silver. Every gold medal must contain at least six grams of pure gold. The runners-up are

3264:

In 2024, rumors about China's doping spread as many of the athletes, especially in swimming, were accused of doping before Tokyo 2020. After the FBI and Justice Department started investigating, the IOC threatened to revoke the 2034 Olympics in Salt Lake City, unless they dropped the investigation.

2434:

In October and November 2004, the IOC established an Olympic Programme Commission, which was tasked with reviewing the sports on the Olympic programme and all non-Olympic recognised sports. The goal was to apply a systematic approach to establishing the Olympic programme for each celebration of the

1023:

Greek officials and the public were enthusiastic about the experience of hosting an Olympic Games. This feeling was shared by many of the athletes, who even demanded that Athens be the permanent Olympic host city. The IOC intended for subsequent Games to be rotated to various host cities around the

1977:

The sale of the Olympic brand has been controversial. The argument is that the Games have become indistinguishable from any other commercialised sporting spectacle. Another criticism is that the Games are funded by host cities and national governments; the IOC incurs none of the cost, yet controls

2318:

of the gold medallist's country is played. Volunteering citizens of the host country also act as hosts during the medal ceremonies, assisting the officials who present the medals and acting as flag-bearers. In the Summer Olympics, each medal ceremony is held at the venue where the event has taken

2270:

The closing ceremony of the Olympic Games takes place on a Sunday and after all sporting events have concluded. Flag-bearers from each participating country enter the stadium, followed by the athletes who enter together, without any national distinction. Three national flags are hoisted while the

1547:

The Olympic Movement encompasses a large number of national and international sporting organisations and federations, recognised media partners, as well as athletes, officials, judges, and every other person and institution that agrees to abide by the rules of the Olympic Charter. As the umbrella

1414:

Budget overruns are common for the Games. Average overrun for Games since 1960 is 156% in real terms, which means that actual costs turned out to be on average 2.56 times the budget that was estimated at the time of winning the bid to host the Games. Montreal 1976 had the highest cost overrun for

2230:

After the artistic portion of the ceremony, the athletes parade into the stadium grouped by nation. Greece is traditionally the first nation to enter and leads the parade in order to honour the origins of the Olympics. Nations then enter the stadium alphabetically according to the host country's

1429:

The final cost for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics was reported to be JPY 1,423.8 billion (US$ 13 billion). This was achieved by balancing revenues and expenditures through various efforts to increase revenue and continuously review expenditures. The primary sources of revenue included the International

3577:

The only sports on the Olympic programme that features men and women individually competing against one another are the equestrian disciplines, as there is no "Women's Eventing", or "Men's Dressage". As of 2008, there were still more medal events for men than women. With the addition of women's

3260:

due to improved testing conditions. Several medallists in weightlifting and cross-country skiing from post-Soviet states were disqualified because of doping offences. The IOC-established drug testing regimen (now known as the Olympic Standard) has set the worldwide benchmark that other sporting

3056:

ordered Smith and Carlos suspended from the US team and banned from the Olympic Village. When the US Olympic Committee refused, Brundage threatened to ban the entire US track team. This threat led to the expulsion of the two athletes from the Games. In another notable incident in the gymnastics

901: 554:

The Olympic Games have become a significant global event, fostering international cooperation and cultural exchange. At the same time, hosting the Olympic Games can also bring significant economic benefits and challenges to the host city, affecting infrastructure, tourism and local communities.

2569:

entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but all of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-time basis. The situation greatly disadvantaged American and Western European athletes, and was a major factor in the decline of

1665:

and age limits were put into place for IOC membership, and fifteen former Olympic athletes were added to the committee. Nevertheless, from sporting and business standpoints, the 2002 Olympics were one of the most successful Winter Games in history; records were set in both the broadcasting and

1462:

Some economists are sceptical about the economic benefits of hosting the Olympic Games, emphasising that such "mega-events" often have large costs while yielding relatively few tangible benefits in the long run. Hosting (or even bidding for) the Olympics appears to increase the host country's

1117:

The Winter Olympics was created to feature snow and ice sports that were logistically impossible to hold during the Summer Games. Figure skating (in 1908 and 1920) and ice hockey (in 1920) were featured as Olympic events at the Summer Olympics. The IOC desired to expand this list of sports to

2841:, the prime minister of Canada. Trudeau's action was widely condemned as having brought shame on Canada for having succumbed to political pressure to keep the Chinese delegation from competing under its name. The ROC refused a proposed compromise that would have still allowed them to use the 1398:

and the 1980 Summer Games in Moscow had burdened organisers with expenses greatly in excess of revenues, Los Angeles strictly controlled expenses for the 1984 Summer Games by using existing facilities and only two new that were paid for by corporate sponsors. The Organizing Committee led by

3024:

that the Soviets emerged as a sporting superpower and, in doing so, took full advantage of the publicity that came with winning at the Olympics. Soviet Union's success might be attributed to a heavy state's investment in sports to fulfill its political agenda on an international stage.

1699:

stated that he had "yet to see matters of corruption in the IOC", but noted there were "matters of unaccountability". He later noted that when the spotlight is on the athletes, it has "the power to eclipse impressions of scandal or corruption", with respect to the Olympic bid process.

2027:). The coloured version of the rings—blue, yellow, black, green, and red—over a white field forms the Olympic flag. These colours were chosen because every nation had at least one of them on its national flag. The flag was adopted in 1914 but flown for the first time only at the 3749:. Without any NOC from Russia to approve a change of citizenship in under three years from Russia to another country, the IOC Executive Board approved changes of nationality in November 2023 and March 2024 for a total of five athletes from Russia to another country, including 1609:

were especially controversial. Brundage fought strongly for amateurism and against the commercialisation of the Olympic Games, even as these attitudes came to be seen as incongruous with the realities of modern sports. The advent of state-sponsored athletes from the

1762:, alleged bribery of IOC officials by members of the Turin Organising Committee. These accusations led to a wide-ranging investigation, and also served to sour many IOC members against Sion's bid which potentially helped Turin to capture the host city nomination. 1876:

envisions the Olympics in 2000 when spectators would be replaced by television and radio with the cheers of spectators broadcast from loudspeakers; despite the prediction, spectators still watch the Olympic games in person and by globally-broadcast television

1019:

contributed generously for the refurbishment of the stadium in preparation for the Games. The Greek government also provided funding, which was expected to be recouped through the sale of tickets and from the sale of the first Olympic commemorative stamp set.

551:, bribery, and terrorism. Every two years, the Olympics and its media exposure provide athletes with the chance to attain national and international fame. The Games also provide an opportunity for the host city and country to showcase themselves to the world. 3381:

In December 2019, Russia was banned for four years from all major sporting events for systematic doping and lying to WADA. The ban was issued by WADA on 9 December 2019, and the Russian anti-doping agency RUSADA had 21 days to make an appeal to the

3195:, a 1989 Australian study said "There is hardly a medal winner at the Moscow Games, certainly not a gold medal winner, who is not on one sort of drug or another: usually several kinds. The Moscow Games might as well have been called the Chemists' Games." 2274:

As is customary, the last medal presentation of the Games is held as part of the closing ceremony. Typically, the marathon medals are presented at the Summer Olympics, while the cross-country skiing mass start medals are awarded at the Winter Olympics.

2719:

are the only countries to be represented at every Olympic Games since their inception in 1896. While countries sometimes miss an Olympics due to a lack of qualified athletes, some choose to boycott a celebration of the Games for various reasons. The

1146:

country host both the Winter and Summer Games in a given year, this idea was quickly abandoned. The IOC mandated that the Winter Games be celebrated every four years in the same year as their summer counterpart. This tradition was upheld through the

2545:

was stripped of his medals when it was discovered that he had played semi-professional baseball before the Olympics. His medals were posthumously restored by the IOC in 1983 after a ruling found that the decision to strip him of his medals fell

1666:

marketing programs. Over 2 billion viewers watched more than 13 billion viewer-hours. The 2002 Games were also a financial success, raising more money with fewer sponsors than any prior Olympic Games, leaving SLOC with a surplus of

5853: 10851: 3361:

for doping violations – the most of any country, and more than a quarter of the global total. From 2011 to 2015, more than a thousand Russian competitors in various sports, including summer, winter, and Paralympic sports, benefited from a

1921:, the most expensive television rights deal in Olympic history. NBC then agreed to a $ 7.75 billion contract extension on 7 May 2014, to air the Olympics through the 2032 Games. NBC also acquired the American television rights to the 670:

was named after the winner, e.g. "the third year of the eighteenth Olympiad when Ladas of Argos won the stadion." The Ancient Games varied over time, but they came to feature running events, a pentathlon (consisting of a jumping event,

2364:. It is further broken down into fourteen events for men and four events for women, each representing a different weight class. The Summer Olympics programme includes 26 sports, while the Winter Olympics programme features 15 sports. 387:

The evolution of the Olympic Movement during the 20th and 21st centuries has resulted in numerous changes to the Olympic Games. Some of these adjustments include the creation of the Winter Olympic Games for snow and ice sports, the

949:

The stadium hosted the Olympics in 1870 and 1875. Thirty thousand spectators attended that Games in 1870, though no official attendance records are available for the 1875 Games. In 1890, after attending the Olympian Games of the

3155:

by his coach (at the time, taking different substances was allowed, as there was no data regarding the effect of these substances on a body of an athlete). The only Olympic death linked to performance enhancing occurred at the

3661:. The terrorists killed two of the athletes soon after taking them hostage and killed the other nine during a failed liberation attempt. A German police officer and five of the terrorists also died. Following the selection of 2075:

The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well.

627:

as the progenitors of the Games. According to legend, it was Heracles who first called the Games "Olympic" and established the custom of holding them every four years. The myth continues that after Heracles completed his

1320:

for the duration of the Games. This accommodation centre is designed to be a self-contained home for all Olympic participants, and is furnished with cafeterias, health clinics, and locations for religious expression.

3593:

introduced a mixed event where teams of one man and one women competed in their own tournament for a medal. As of the 2024 Paris games, there are now 13 mixed medal events across 11 disciplines at the summer games.

2470:. Since there was no agreement in the promotion of two other sports, the 2012 programme featured just 26 sports. The 2016 and 2020 Games will return to the maximum of 28 sports given the addition of rugby and golf. 1654: 3016:. During the interwar period of the 1920s and 1930s, communist and socialist organisations in several countries, including the United States, attempted to counter what they called the "bourgeois" Olympics with the 1446:

of the Olympic Games. He felt that the Olympics "is worthy of study because it is one of the biggest meetings in a global context and has many political, economic, and other problems associated with it". He began

499:(NOCs), and organising committees for each specific Olympic Games. As the decision-making body, the IOC is responsible for choosing the host city for each Games, and organises and funds the Games according to the 1587:

Organising Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOGs) are temporary committees responsible for the organisation of each Olympic Games. OCOGs are dissolved after each Games once the final report is delivered to the

962:(IOC). Coubertin built on the ideas and work of Brookes and Zappas with the aim of establishing internationally rotating Olympic Games that would occur every four years. He presented these ideas during the first 1936:

Viewership increased exponentially from the 1960s until the end of the 20th century. This was due to the advent of satellites for broadcasting live television worldwide starting in 1964, and the introduction of

1467:

headquartered in the host city, which seems to benefit the local nonprofit sector. This effect begins in the years leading up to the Games and might persist for several years afterwards, though not permanently.

3553:

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, every participating nation included female athletes for the first time in Olympic history. Saudi Arabia included two female athletes in its delegation; Qatar, four; and Brunei, one

2826:-ruled South Africa. The IOC conceded in the first two cases, but refused to ban New Zealand on the grounds that rugby was not an Olympic sport. Fulfilling their threat, twenty African countries were joined by 11406: 1810:, and has remained an Olympic sponsor ever since. Before the IOC took control of sponsorship, the NOCs had responsibility for negotiating their own contracts for sponsorship and use of the Olympic symbols. 4330: 534:

The Games have grown to the point that nearly every nation is now represented; colonies and overseas territories are often allowed to field their own teams. This growth has created numerous challenges and

10455: 1670:

40 million. This excess revenue was used to create the Utah Athletic Foundation (also known as the Utah Olympic Legacy Foundation), which maintains and operates many of the surviving Olympic venues.

10917: 11081: 1552:(IOC) is responsible for selecting the host city, overseeing the planning of the Olympic Games, updating and approving the Olympic sports programme, and negotiating sponsorship and broadcasting rights. 5857: 2904: 11050: 1497:

stated that Sochi "now feels like a ghost town", citing the spread-out nature of the stadiums and arenas and the still-unfinished infrastructure. At least four cities withdrew their bids for the

1304:

combined, in 40 different sports and 448 events. The Summer Olympics have grown from 241 participants representing 14 nations in 1896, to more than 11,300 competitors representing 206 nations in

3578:

boxing to the programme in the 2012 Summer Olympics, however, women athletes were able to compete in all the sports open to men. In the winter Olympics, women are still unable to compete in the

1272:

In 2010, the Olympic Games were complemented by the Youth Games, which give athletes between the ages of 14 and 18 the chance to compete. The Youth Olympic Games were conceived by IOC president

10592: 10311: 1974:

The funds from licensing programs support everything that goes into the Games, alongside other revenue streams from ticket sales and broadcasting rights, which represent more than 60 percent.

10285: 3708:, which meant a higher level of security than ever before provided for an Olympic Games. The opening ceremonies of the Games featured symbols relating to 9/11, including the flag that flew at 10019: 1718:. The documentary claimed that it was possible to bribe IOC members into voting for a particular candidate city. After being narrowly defeated in their bid for the 2012 Games, Parisian mayor 1463:

exports, as the host or candidate country sends a signal about trade openness when bidding to host the Games. Research suggests that hosting the Summer Olympics has a positive effect on the

1411:, educate coaches and maintain a sports library. The 1984 Summer Olympics are often considered until that date, the most financially successful modern Olympics and a model for future Games. 10381: 7151: 1238: 5611: 3882:

does not keep statistics of medals won on a national level (except for team sports), but the NOCs and the media record medal statistics and use them as a measure of each nation's success.

11578: 9720:"Putin Faces Green Olympic Challenge: The Sochi 2014 Winter Games are threatened by a looming international boycott, environmental concerns, and public protests against local development" 6901: 3089:" manifesto), the new regime responded by banning her from both sporting events and international travel for many years and made her an outcast from society until the fall of communism. 970:. On the last day of the Congress, it was decided that the first Olympic Games to come under the auspices of the IOC would take place in Athens in 1896. The IOC elected the Greek writer 8546: 7902: 4914: 11095: 3862:, only the winner and runner-up of each event received medals—silver for first and bronze for second, with no gold medals awarded. The current three-medal format was introduced at the 3571: 1426:

and, second, it is only a matter of time until an overrun occurs that is larger than the largest to date. In short, hosting the Games is economically and financially extremely risky.

3589:

A recent addition to the games has been the inclusion of mixed events, whereby men and women of the same nation compete together against other teams. Beginning in 2018, the sport of

819:

also attempted to emulate the ancient Olympic Games. The competition included several disciplines from the ancient Greek Olympics. The 1796 Games also marked the introduction of the

3081:

to allow her to tie with Čáslavská for the gold. While Čáslavská's countrymen supported her actions and her outspoken opposition to Communism (she had publicly signed and supported

1257:

We want to change public attitudes towards disability, celebrate the excellence of Paralympic sport and to enshrine from the very outset that the two Games are an integrated whole.

2849:

as long as the name was changed. Athletes from Taiwan did not participate again until 1984, when they returned under the name of Chinese Taipei and with a special flag and anthem.

12839: 8699: 6408:...hosting the Olympics is almost always a financial disaster for cities in the long term.... Indeed, economists are uncommonly unanimous that hosting the Olympics is a bad bet. 3238: 2031:

in Antwerp, Belgium. It has since been hoisted during each celebration of the Games. The IOC maintains exclusive ownership and control of the use of Olympic Symbols through the

9693: 7129: 4032:

By 2032, the Olympic Games will have been hosted by 47 cities in 23 countries. As of 2021, since the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, the Olympics have been held in

745:

gained power and influence in Greece. While there is no scholarly consensus as to when the Games officially ended, the most commonly held date is 393 AD, when the emperor

10880: 8482: 2547: 1226:(IPC) signed an agreement in 2001 which guaranteed that host cities would be contracted to manage both the Olympic and Paralympic Games. The agreement came into effect at the 1415:

Summer Games, and for any Games, at 720%; Lake Placid 1980 had the highest cost overrun for Winter Games, at 324%. London 2012 had a cost overrun of 76%, Sochi 2014 of 289%.

11560: 10726: 1077: 8019: 6621: 9535: 9472: 13349: 10202: 2244: 143: 9890: 2243:, the succeeding hosts of the respective Olympic Games (summer or winter) will enter immediately before the current host in descending order. Speeches are given by the 1328:(NOCs) to represent individual nations. These do not meet the strict requirements for political sovereignty that other international organisations demand. As a result, 23289: 22621: 9328: 9306: 10902: 9380: 4044:

were the first Olympics for a South American country. No bids from countries in Africa have succeeded, although Egypt (thrice) and South Africa (in 2004) have tried.

3389:

In February 2022, during the Beijing Olympics, the international news media reported on 9 February that the issue of doping was again raised over a positive test for

2310:

A medal ceremony is held after the conclusion of each Olympic event. The winner, and the second- and third-place competitors or teams, stand on top of a three-tiered

14142: 14137: 13067: 13062: 3900: 3896: 11528: 11450: 11398: 5131: 604:. The date of the festival was determined according to a complicated formula whereby the midpoint of the festival would occur during the second full moon after the 15308: 12525: 3375: 3337: 2314:

to be awarded their respective medals by a member of the IOC. After the medals have been received, the national flags of the three medallists are raised while the

10359: 7212: 4340: 4204:

as a United States competitor for his marathon silver medal, but (together with four undisputed Americans) as part of a mixed team for the team race silver medal.

2868:. This boycott reduced the number of nations participating to 80, the lowest number since 1956. The Soviet Union and 15 other nations countered by boycotting the 10463: 7649: 3120: 1822:, in 1972, that the IOC began to explore the potential of the television medium and the lucrative advertising markets available to them. Under the leadership of 1533:

to Los Angeles. Both of the bids were praised for high technical plans and innovative ways to use a record-breaking number of existing and temporary facilities.

544: 10925: 10570: 7743: 1203:, Guttmann's event became an annual sports festival. Over the next 12 years, Guttmann and others continued their efforts to use sports as an avenue to healing. 27297: 13154: 11073: 4129: 1678:

bid committee had spent approximately $ 14 million on entertaining the 62 IOC members and many of their associates. The precise figures are unknown since

9450: 8724: 5332: 27307: 21324: 21319: 21314: 21309: 21304: 21299: 21294: 21289: 21284: 11200: 10980: 4543: 10096: 3762: 787:

Various uses of the term "Olympic" to describe athletic events in the modern era have been documented since the 17th century. The first such event was the

5102: 22365: 11046: 10498: 5970: 10799: 2554:

in support of their skiing teachers, who were not allowed to compete because they earned money with their sport and were thus considered professionals.

27287: 22527: 22521: 22516: 22511: 22234: 22227: 22221: 22216: 22211: 22206: 15313: 6763: 3252:(WADA) in an effort to systematise the research and detection of performance-enhancing drugs. There was a sharp increase in positive drug tests at the 694:

The Olympics were of fundamental religious importance, and the sporting events, which were held alongside ritual sacrifices honouring both Zeus (whose

11267: 10956: 10695: 10318: 9571: 19310: 19305: 19300: 19295: 19290: 19285: 19280: 19275: 19270: 19265: 14113: 10289: 9243: 9211: 9128: 3520:, chair of the IOC's Women and Sports Commission, suggested that countries be barred if they prevented women from competing. Shortly thereafter, the 3073:

quietly turned her head down and away during the playing of the Soviet national anthem. The action was Čáslavská's silent protest against the recent

2880: 10067: 10011: 7502: 7472: 5366: 21276: 20644: 20639: 20634: 20629: 20624: 20619: 20614: 20609: 20604: 20599: 20594: 20589: 20584: 20579: 20574: 20569: 20564: 20559: 20554: 20549: 20544: 20539: 20534: 20529: 17860: 15734: 15473: 14628: 14225: 13144: 11746: 8063: 6595: 5663: 3934: 3582:. After men were included in artistic swimming at the Paris 2024 games, the only remaining Olympic event in which male athletes may not compete is 3077:. Her protest was repeated when she accepted her medal for her floor exercise routine when the judges changed the preliminary scores of the Soviet 2624: 2493: 1484: 11827: 8453: 5795: 2170:. Much Wenlock still hosts the Wenlock Olympian Games, which were an inspiration to Pierre de Coubertin for the Olympic Games. The mascot for the 741:

The Olympic Games reached the height of their success in the 6th and 5th centuries BC, but then gradually declined in importance as the

22010: 16216: 15932: 15344: 11342: 11222: 8572: 7353: 6959: 6214: 5615: 292: 8449: 6890: 1933:. More than half of the Olympic Committee's global sponsors are American companies, and NBC is one of the major sources of revenue for the IOC. 1574:

is the international governing body for volleyball. There are currently 35 IFs in the Olympic Movement, representing each of the Olympic sports.

1475:

reports that the Olympics displaced more than two million people over two decades, often disproportionately affecting disadvantaged groups. The

24021: 23282: 22614: 22390: 22330: 22055: 15992: 15232: 7720: 6491: 1897:

paid US$ 394,000 for the American rights. In the following decades, the Olympics became one of the ideological fronts of the Cold War, and the

12087: 10041: 8550: 8126: 7910: 4922: 3325: 1060:

After the success of the 1896 Games, the Olympics entered a period of stagnation which threatened its survival. The Olympic Games held at the

22060: 19694: 19689: 18476: 18471: 18466: 18461: 18456: 18451: 18446: 18441: 18436: 18431: 18426: 18421: 18416: 18411: 18406: 18401: 18396: 18391: 18386: 18381: 18376: 18371: 18366: 18361: 18356: 17501: 17496: 17491: 17486: 17481: 17476: 17471: 17466: 17461: 17456: 17451: 17446: 17441: 17436: 17431: 17426: 17421: 17416: 17411: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17386: 17381: 17376: 16138: 16128: 16007: 13342: 13161: 11103: 9784: 2976:

The Olympic Games have been used as a platform to promote political ideologies almost from its inception. Nazi Germany wished to portray the

710:(divine hero and mythical king of Olympia), did not start until the festival's second day. (Pelops was famous for his chariot race with King 14365: 11955: 7293: 6116: 5251: 1487:

released at the time of the games, the cost would not boost Russia's national economy, but could attract business to Sochi and the southern

23891: 22586: 22264: 21799: 20902: 20897: 20892: 20887: 20882: 20877: 20872: 20867: 20862: 19257: 16913: 16760: 16755: 16750: 16745: 16740: 11607: 8298: 7789: 6923: 3778:

preparation for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, the Russian Olympic Committee naturalised a South Korean-born short-track speed-skater,

1601:

The IOC has often been accused of being an intractable organisation, with several life members on the committee. The presidential terms of

1571: 11861: 11147: 10820: 9405: 7159: 5935: 5637: 5302: 21975: 21266: 21261: 21256: 21251: 21246: 21241: 21236: 21231: 21226: 21221: 21216: 21211: 21206: 21201: 21196: 21191: 21186: 21181: 21176: 21171: 21166: 21161: 21156: 21151: 20521: 20298: 16083: 16058: 15987: 15754: 13029: 10237: 7823: 6703: 6375: 4218: 2424:, and were later promoted to full Olympic sports. Some sports that were featured in earlier Games were later dropped from the programme. 2381: 1623: 1452: 7573: 6866: 24628: 22345: 21910: 20844: 20839: 20834: 20829: 20824: 20819: 20814: 20809: 20804: 20799: 20794: 20789: 20784: 20779: 20774: 20769: 20764: 20759: 20754: 20749: 20744: 20739: 20734: 20729: 20724: 20719: 16093: 15293: 11173: 10852:"Kamila Valieva: IOC welcomes investigation of Russian figure skater's entourage as 15-year-old awaits CAS decision at Winter Olympics" 10513: 9270:"The Olympic Ideal and the Winter Games Attitudes Towards the Olympic Winter Games in Olympic Discourses – from Coubertin to Samaranch" 8261: 5905: 4020:

locations with countries that have hosted one Winter Olympics shaded in green and countries that have hosted two or more shaded in blue

4008:

locations with countries that have hosted one Summer Olympics shaded in green and countries that have hosted two or more shaded in blue

3486: 1526: 8931: 1902:

to charge ever-increasing fees for those rights. For example, CBS paid US$ 375 million for the American broadcast rights for the

23275: 22607: 22360: 21691: 21686: 21681: 21676: 21671: 21666: 21661: 21656: 21651: 21646: 21641: 21636: 21631: 21626: 21621: 21616: 21611: 21606: 21601: 21596: 21591: 21586: 21581: 21576: 20280: 20275: 20270: 20265: 20260: 20255: 20250: 20245: 20240: 20235: 20230: 20225: 20220: 20215: 20210: 20205: 20200: 20195: 20190: 20185: 20180: 19990: 19985: 19980: 19975: 19970: 19965: 19960: 19955: 19950: 19945: 19940: 19935: 19930: 19925: 19920: 19915: 19910: 19905: 19900: 19895: 19890: 19885: 19880: 19875: 19870: 19865: 16722: 16143: 16103: 16078: 15972: 15792: 11484: 10648: 9810: 7118: 4664: 4214: 3402: 3017: 12498: 10872: 10669: 9269: 8489: 5276: 2524:. The public schools subscribed to the belief that sport formed an important part of education, an attitude summed up in the saying 2454:, in 2002, limited the Summer Games programme to a maximum of 28 sports, 301 events, and 10,500 athletes. Three years later, at the 25583: 24149: 23577: 22340: 21744: 21558: 21553: 21548: 21543: 21538: 21533: 21528: 19368: 19363: 19358: 19353: 19348: 19343: 19338: 19333: 19328: 18755: 18750: 18348: 18232: 17792: 17787: 17782: 17777: 17772: 17767: 17762: 17757: 17752: 17747: 17742: 17737: 17732: 17727: 17722: 17717: 17712: 17707: 17702: 17697: 17692: 17687: 17682: 17677: 17368: 16123: 16002: 15997: 15927: 15911: 15868: 15598: 15558: 15499: 15369: 14205: 13381: 13214: 13209: 13000: 12972: 11639: 11133: 7875: 6543: 6228: 5468: 3021: 2846: 2489: 2003:

The Olympic Movement uses symbols to represent the ideals embodied in the Olympic Charter. The Olympic symbol, better known as the

536: 492: 103: 15967: 8976: 8373: 8336: 8093: 5199: 3092:

Currently, the government of Iran has taken steps to avoid any competition between its athletes and those from Israel. An Iranian

22385: 22315: 22299: 22289: 22274: 22269: 22045: 21869: 21864: 21854: 21839: 21829: 21824: 21819: 21814: 21510: 21505: 21500: 21495: 21490: 21485: 21480: 21475: 21470: 21465: 21460: 21455: 21450: 21445: 21440: 21435: 21430: 21425: 21420: 21415: 21410: 21405: 21400: 21395: 20854: 18732: 18727: 18722: 18717: 16732: 16118: 16113: 16038: 16023: 15759: 15663: 15399: 14147: 13376: 13337: 13289: 13072: 13024: 12906: 12732: 12318: 11902: 11687: 9727: 8899: 8514: 8408: 8207: 7382: 6671: 5821: 5494: 4884: 4837: 4105: 3799: 3697: 2428: 1727: 1559: 25542: 12865:

insidethegames – the latest and most up to date news and interviews from the world of Olympic, Commonwealth and Paralympic Games

9350: 8823: 6200: 2092:

in a ceremony that reflects ancient Greek rituals. A female performer, acting as a priestess joined by ten female performers as

1126:, it was decided to hold a winter version of the Olympic Games. A winter sports week (it was actually 11 days) was held in 25517: 22380: 22015: 21985: 21945: 21143: 21040: 21035: 21030: 21025: 21020: 21015: 21010: 21005: 21000: 20995: 20990: 20985: 20980: 20975: 20970: 20965: 20960: 20955: 20950: 20945: 20940: 20935: 20930: 20925: 20920: 19847: 19842: 19837: 19832: 19827: 19822: 19817: 19812: 19807: 19802: 19797: 19792: 19787: 19782: 19777: 19772: 19767: 19762: 19757: 19752: 19747: 19742: 19737: 19732: 19727: 19722: 19717: 19712: 19673: 19668: 19663: 19658: 19653: 19648: 19643: 19638: 19633: 19628: 19623: 19618: 19613: 19608: 19603: 19585: 19580: 19575: 19570: 19565: 18131: 18126: 18121: 18116: 18111: 18106: 18101: 18096: 18091: 18086: 18081: 18076: 18071: 18066: 18061: 18056: 18051: 18046: 18041: 18036: 18031: 18026: 18021: 18016: 18011: 18006: 18001: 17996: 17991: 16704: 16699: 16694: 16689: 16684: 16679: 16674: 16669: 16664: 16659: 16654: 16649: 16644: 16639: 16634: 16629: 16624: 16619: 16614: 16609: 16073: 16068: 16043: 15952: 15878: 15764: 15419: 14952: 14491: 13388: 11012: 9546: 9483: 4235: 4134: 3866:. From 1948 onward, athletes placing fourth, fifth, and sixth have received certificates, which came to be known officially as 3426: 2393: 1743: 1472: 1076:

failed to attract much participation or notice. Of the 650 athletes in the 1904 Olympics, 580 were American; the winner of the

173: 12853: 11420: 10894: 10183: 7849: 3147:

In the early 20th century, many Olympic athletes began using drugs to improve their athletic abilities. For example, in 1904,

865:. This annual sports festival continues to this day. The Wenlock Olympian Society was founded by Brookes on 15 November 1860. 25617: 25393: 25338: 22375: 21990: 20707: 20511: 20506: 20501: 20496: 20491: 20486: 20481: 20476: 20471: 20466: 20461: 20456: 20451: 20446: 20441: 20436: 20431: 20426: 20421: 20416: 20411: 20406: 20401: 20143: 20138: 20133: 20128: 20123: 20118: 20113: 20108: 20103: 20098: 20093: 20088: 20083: 20078: 20073: 20068: 20063: 20058: 20053: 20048: 20043: 20038: 20033: 20028: 20023: 20018: 20013: 20008: 19547: 19542: 19537: 19532: 19527: 19522: 19411: 19406: 19401: 19396: 19391: 19386: 16548: 16543: 16538: 16533: 16528: 16523: 16518: 16513: 16495: 16490: 16485: 16480: 16475: 16470: 16465: 16460: 16455: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16430: 16425: 16420: 16415: 16410: 16405: 16400: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16360: 16355: 16148: 15982: 15628: 15541: 15394: 14618: 14220: 14106: 13201: 13192: 12782: 12763: 12721: 12695: 12676: 12657: 12636: 12595: 12508: 12472: 12451: 12410: 12382: 12359: 12305: 12271: 12243: 12222: 12196: 12168: 12147: 12128: 12073: 12043: 9903: 7680: 6840: 5879: 5173: 4997: 4747: 4644: 3995: 3750: 3630:

were attending the Olympics at that time and spoke together about the conflict at a luncheon hosted by the Chinese president

3172:. By the mid-1960s, sports federations started to ban the use of performance-enhancing drugs; in 1967 the IOC followed suit. 2819: 1755: 11383: 9336: 9314: 3229:, who lost his bronze medal for alcohol use. One of the most publicised doping-related disqualifications occurred after the 24416: 22350: 22040: 22035: 21960: 21935: 21905: 21568: 21377: 21372: 21367: 21362: 21357: 21352: 21347: 21342: 20383: 20378: 20373: 20368: 20363: 20358: 20353: 20348: 20343: 20338: 20333: 20328: 20323: 20318: 20313: 20308: 20303: 20172: 19857: 19247: 19242: 19237: 19232: 19227: 19222: 19217: 19212: 19207: 19202: 19197: 19192: 19187: 19182: 19177: 19172: 19167: 19162: 19157: 19152: 19147: 19142: 19137: 19132: 19127: 19122: 19117: 19112: 19107: 19089: 19084: 19079: 19074: 19069: 19051: 19046: 19041: 19036: 19031: 19026: 19021: 19016: 19011: 19006: 19001: 18996: 18991: 18986: 18981: 18976: 18971: 18966: 18961: 18956: 18951: 18946: 18941: 18936: 18931: 18926: 18921: 18338: 18333: 18214: 18209: 18204: 18199: 18194: 18189: 18184: 18179: 18174: 18169: 18164: 18159: 18154: 18149: 17940: 17935: 17930: 17925: 17920: 17915: 17910: 17905: 17900: 17895: 17890: 17885: 17880: 17875: 17870: 17865: 17855: 17850: 17845: 17840: 17835: 17830: 17825: 17820: 17815: 17810: 17016: 17011: 17006: 17001: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16976: 16971: 16966: 16961: 16956: 16951: 16946: 16941: 16936: 16931: 16926: 16921: 16714: 16591: 16586: 16581: 16576: 16571: 16566: 15962: 15858: 15848: 15822: 15749: 15739: 15670: 15623: 15466: 15364: 14886: 14653: 14648: 11027: 9388: 9162: 4956: 4429: 3940:

A total of 119 NOCs (110 of the current 207 NOCs, and nine obsolete NOCs) have participated in at least one edition of the

3855:(most notably boxing), third place might not be determined and the losers of both semi-finals each receive a bronze medal. 3525: 3482: 3457:

35 countries were still only fielding all-male delegations. This number dropped rapidly over the following years. In 2000,

2401: 1521:

stated that the biggest threat to the future of the Olympics is few cities or countries want to host them. Bidding for the

1080:

was later disqualified upon discovery of a photograph of him riding in a car during the race. The Games rebounded with the

658:. The most widely accepted inception date for the Ancient Olympics is 776 BC; this is based on inscriptions, found at 13936: 10821:"Kamila Valieva: Russian anti-doping agency allowed teenage figure skater to compete in Olympics despite failed drug test" 10429: 9663: 5993: 749:

decreed that all pagan cults and practices be eliminated. Another date commonly cited is 426 AD, when his successor,

26312: 25260: 24663: 24653: 24541: 22325: 22050: 22030: 22020: 21895: 21890: 21520: 20697: 20692: 20687: 20682: 20677: 20672: 20667: 20662: 19320: 18903: 18898: 18893: 18888: 18883: 18878: 18873: 18868: 18863: 18858: 18853: 18848: 18843: 18838: 18833: 18828: 18823: 18818: 18813: 18808: 18803: 18798: 18793: 18788: 18783: 18778: 18773: 18742: 18532: 18224: 17669: 17659: 17654: 17649: 17644: 17639: 17634: 17629: 17624: 17619: 17614: 17609: 17604: 17599: 17594: 17589: 17584: 17579: 17574: 17569: 17564: 17559: 17554: 17549: 17544: 17539: 17534: 17529: 17524: 17519: 17210: 17205: 17200: 17195: 17190: 17185: 17180: 17175: 17170: 17165: 17160: 17155: 17150: 17145: 17140: 17135: 17130: 17125: 17120: 17115: 17110: 17105: 17100: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17080: 17075: 17070: 17052: 17034: 16337: 16332: 16327: 16322: 16317: 16312: 16307: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16262: 16257: 16209: 16133: 16108: 16098: 16033: 15947: 15888: 15863: 15774: 15729: 15638: 15608: 15568: 14638: 14446: 13007: 11542: 11462: 9955: 9442: 6856: 5139: 3529: 2997: 2919: 2599: 2385: 1679: 1658: 1483:

were the most expensive Olympic Games in history, costing in excess of US$ 50 billion. According to a report by the

285: 12533: 12158: 8775: 7545: 4691: 1015:

had left the Greek government a trust to fund future Olympic Games. This trust was used to help finance the 1896 Games.

662:, listing the winners of a footrace held every four years starting in 776 BC. For the first thirteen Olympics, the 26369: 26305: 25343: 22506: 22501: 22496: 22491: 22486: 22481: 22476: 22471: 22466: 22461: 22456: 22451: 22446: 22441: 22436: 22431: 22426: 22421: 22416: 22411: 22406: 22370: 22320: 22201: 22196: 22191: 22186: 22181: 22176: 22171: 22166: 22161: 22156: 22151: 22146: 22141: 22136: 22131: 22126: 22121: 22116: 22111: 22106: 22101: 22096: 22005: 22000: 21965: 21950: 21920: 21900: 21387: 19504: 19499: 19494: 19489: 19484: 19479: 19474: 19469: 19464: 19459: 19454: 19449: 19444: 19439: 19434: 19429: 18709: 18699: 18694: 18689: 18684: 18679: 18674: 18669: 18664: 18659: 18654: 18649: 18644: 18639: 18634: 18629: 18624: 18619: 18614: 18609: 18604: 18599: 18594: 18589: 18584: 18579: 18574: 18569: 18564: 17358: 17353: 17348: 17343: 17338: 17333: 17328: 17323: 17318: 17313: 17308: 17303: 17298: 17293: 17288: 17283: 17278: 17273: 17268: 17263: 17258: 17253: 17248: 17243: 17238: 17233: 17228: 16903: 16898: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16873: 16868: 16863: 16858: 16853: 16848: 16843: 16838: 16833: 16828: 16823: 16818: 16813: 16808: 16803: 16798: 16793: 16788: 16783: 16778: 16048: 15977: 15898: 15769: 14543: 12995: 12874: 10778: 10344: 10162: 7223: 5614:. The Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. 12 December 2008. Archived from 5502: 4100: 3827: 3646: 3333: 3329: 2397: 1682:

destroyed the financial records after the IOC requested that the entertainment expenditures should not be made public.

1223: 1050: 636:

as an honour to Zeus. Following its completion, he walked in a straight line for 200 steps and called this distance a "

118: 14091: 8243: 7638: 7452: 5392: 527:

combined, in 40 different sports and 448 events. The first-, second-, and third-place finishers in each event receive

24997: 24684: 24119: 23301: 22633: 22335: 22294: 22284: 22279: 21995: 21940: 21925: 21885: 21859: 21849: 21844: 21834: 21809: 21804: 20912: 19704: 19595: 19557: 18548: 17983: 16601: 16153: 16063: 15937: 15906: 15893: 15658: 15583: 15536: 15514: 15349: 15303: 14240: 13359: 13354: 13254: 13089: 11811: 10559: 9757: 7751: 7615: 3989: 3650: 3074: 2417: 2413: 2377: 1738:

as a witness; Chirac gave guarded interviews concerning his involvement but the allegation was never fully explored.

1566:

that supervise a sport at an international level. For example, the International Federation of Association Football (

1502: 1206:

In 1960, Guttmann brought 400 athletes to Rome to compete in the "Parallel Olympics", which ran in parallel with the

762: 98: 12400: 9981: 4666:

Description of Greece (with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones and H.A. Ormerod, Harvard University Press, 1918)

942:

city square. Athletes participated from Greece and the Ottoman Empire. Zappas funded the restoration of the ancient

24992: 24859: 23884: 22025: 21980: 21930: 21915: 21133: 21128: 21123: 21118: 21113: 21108: 21103: 21098: 21093: 21088: 21083: 21078: 21073: 21068: 21063: 21058: 20393: 20000: 19514: 19378: 18514: 18509: 18504: 18499: 18494: 18315: 18310: 18305: 18300: 18295: 18290: 18285: 18280: 18275: 18270: 18265: 18260: 18255: 18250: 17973: 17968: 17963: 17958: 16505: 16347: 15942: 15699: 15675: 15653: 15643: 15531: 15526: 15389: 15252: 15227: 15200: 14099: 14078: 13102: 13017: 12532:. Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. 27 November 2007. Archived from 11934: 11268:

https://www.reuters.com/sports/olympics/no-male-artistic-swimmers-olympics-after-us-leave-may-out-squad-2024-06-08/

7594: 3414: 3108: 3049: 3041: 2965: 2664: 2409: 2365: 2353: 10939: 6272: 6258: 5529: 3586:. Despite being eligible to qualify for the 2024 Paris games, no men were included on any artistic swimming team. 2879:

There had been growing calls for boycotts of Chinese goods and the 2008 Olympics in Beijing in protest of China's

25507: 25057: 25052: 25047: 24643: 24453: 24271: 21334: 20290: 19099: 19061: 18913: 18325: 18141: 17802: 16558: 15957: 15827: 15812: 15808: 15716: 15704: 15691: 15618: 15588: 15573: 15548: 15509: 15459: 15262: 15104: 13034: 12949: 11189: 10990: 10260: 6626: 5716: 4040:

four times, a sharp increase compared to the previous 92 years of modern Olympic history. The 2016 Games in

3879: 3713: 3689: 3358: 3234: 3184: 2988:

superiority. Germany was the most successful nation at the Games, which did much to support their allegations of

2688: 2587: 2505: 2463: 2459: 2389: 2369: 1898: 1826:, the Games began to shift toward international sponsors who sought to link their products to the Olympic brand. 1650: 1638: 1549: 1542: 1219: 1011:

in 1896. The Games brought together 14 nations and 241 athletes who competed in 43 events. Zappas and his cousin

959: 908: 780: 429: 369: 108: 16088: 11243: 10100: 7037: 6508:

Glynn, Mary Ann (2008). "Configuring the Field of Play: How Hosting the Olympic Games Impacts Civic Community".

6451:"Punctuated Generosity: How Mega-events and Natural Disasters Affect Corporate Philanthropy in U.S. Communities" 616:

to pass through warring territories unmolested because they were protected by Zeus. See also Finley and Pleket.

25996: 25945: 25497: 25318: 22355: 21970: 21955: 20654: 18765: 18524: 17511: 17062: 17044: 17026: 16249: 16202: 16053: 15817: 15711: 15633: 15613: 15563: 15553: 15521: 15384: 15354: 15190: 15012: 15007: 14972: 14721: 14670: 14513: 11561:"IOC Executive Board approves seven athletes' changes of sporting nationality for the Olympic Games Paris 2024" 9508:

MacIntosh, Donald; Greenhorn, Donna; Hawes, Michael (1991). "Trudeau, Taiwan, and the 1976 Montreal Olympics".

5106: 5047: 5039: 3746: 3410: 3383: 2640: 2635: 2533:

The exclusion of professionals caused several controversies throughout the history of the modern Olympics. The

2517: 2373: 2208: 2162:

reached international stardom. The mascot of the Summer Olympics in London was named Wenlock after the town of

540: 278: 78: 10487: 7070: 7057: 5966: 3909:

in Tokyo, all of the current 207 NOCs (and 19 obsolete NOCs) have participated in at least one edition of the

3409:(WADA) laboratory where it was sent for testing until 8 February, one day after the team event concluded. The 25471: 25293: 25069: 24910: 24372: 24064: 19421: 18556: 17220: 16770: 16028: 15873: 15853: 15832: 15648: 15603: 15504: 15064: 15019: 14643: 14506: 14501: 14280: 14066: 13371: 13182: 9742: 8628: 5090: 4521: 4222: 3977: 3922: 3852: 3717: 3439: 2842: 1065: 1061: 796: 6755: 6622:"IOC makes historic decision by simultaneously awarding Olympic Games 2024 to Paris and 2028 to Los Angeles" 5418: 2676: 1818:

The IOC originally resisted funding by corporate sponsors. It was not until the retirement of IOC President

966:

of the newly created International Olympic Committee. This meeting was held from 16 to 23 June 1894, at the

722:, was used by Greeks as one of their units of time measurement. The Games were part of a cycle known as the 25986: 24985: 24296: 24225: 24036: 24031: 22546: 21737: 18542: 16158: 15414: 15409: 15404: 15359: 15207: 14881: 14846: 14390: 14380: 14185: 13149: 13114: 10966: 9575: 7311: 6344: 3754: 3654: 3505: 3490: 3466: 3005: 2752: 2583: 2566: 1864: 1442:

led efforts to establish the International Centre for Olympic Studies in 1989, endeavouring to write about

1098: 691:, was the first Olympic champion, which indicates that the competition was not limited to the aristocracy. 163: 9236: 9204: 9121: 4310:"Olympics to Hold Events Every 2 Years : Winter Games to Be Split Off, Start Own 4-Year Cycle in '94" 2652: 27302: 27071: 26726: 25559: 25441: 24963: 24820: 24668: 24658: 24633: 24367: 24129: 24100: 24084: 23877: 21050: 18486: 18242: 17950: 15883: 15721: 15593: 15578: 15374: 15334: 15298: 15242: 15164: 15099: 14856: 14836: 14816: 14686: 14623: 14613: 14553: 14395: 14285: 13364: 13221: 12899: 10071: 9929: 9100: 8755: 7510: 7480: 5370: 4446: 3933:—have competed in all 28 Summer Olympics. Athletes competing under the Olympic flag, Mixed Teams and the 3930: 3570:

became the first Persian Gulf female athlete to win a medal when she won a bronze for her showing in the

881: 800: 93: 11755: 8052: 7249: 6985: 5667: 4976:

David C. Young (1 January 2004). "Chapter 13. The Origin and Authenticity of the Modern Olympic Games".

4309: 2239:, the Greek flag entered the stadium first, while the Greek delegation entered last. Beginning with the 27292: 27252: 25884: 25571: 25481: 25017: 24968: 24915: 24827: 24735: 24483: 24473: 23474: 15424: 15134: 15094: 15074: 14937: 14891: 14871: 14776: 14766: 14726: 14696: 14528: 14375: 14340: 14325: 14310: 14265: 14200: 14122: 13973: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13924: 13917: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13054: 13012: 11836: 7994: 5799: 5690: 5582: 4441: 4110: 4053: 3795: 3540: 3398: 2721: 1926: 1577: 1325: 1281: 1277: 619:

The origin of the Olympics is shrouded in mystery and legend; one of the most popular myths identifies

496: 128: 123: 73: 11579:""Свавілля та беззаконня!" Росія влаштувала істерику через втечу спортсменів з РФ, яких підтримав МОК" 11352: 11278: 6948: 6706:. The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. 31 October 2007. Archived from 2830:

and Iraq in a withdrawal from the Montreal Games, after a few of their athletes had already competed.

1618:, as it placed self-financed amateurs of Western countries at a disadvantage. Brundage was accused of 26097: 25940: 25847: 25610: 25456: 25140: 25100: 25025: 24743: 24638: 24401: 15195: 15069: 14861: 14851: 14831: 14741: 14731: 14665: 14593: 14563: 14451: 14330: 13301: 13077: 9078: 8549:. The Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. Archived from 5936:"Working meeting between the IOC and the NOCs of the Netherlands Antilles, Aruba and the Netherlands" 4225:, inhabitants of Northern Ireland (and formerly the whole of Ireland) are (or were) eligible to join. 3914: 3742: 3435: 3168:, fell from his bicycle and later died. A coroner's inquiry found that he was under the influence of 2823: 2526: 2327: 1889:

in Italy were the first internationally televised Olympic Games, and the broadcasting rights for the

1714:, reported the results of an investigation into bribes allegedly used in the bidding process for the 1581: 1385: 1173: 915: 695: 138: 9836: 9719: 7011: 6450: 4690:. "Book O Olympian 2 For Theron of Acragas Chariot Race 476 B. C.". In Diane Arnson Svarlien (ed.). 3614:, and the summer and winter games of 1940 and 1944 were cancelled because of World War II. The 2972:(silver medalist, left) from Australia also wears an OPHR badge in solidarity with Smith and Carlos. 958:, who aimed to promote international peace and friendship through sports, was inspired to found the 25476: 25461: 25378: 25353: 25042: 24837: 24195: 24139: 24134: 24108: 24079: 24059: 24043: 15379: 15222: 15149: 15144: 15119: 14957: 14876: 14826: 14801: 14796: 14791: 14711: 14633: 14603: 14578: 14538: 14523: 14466: 14430: 14405: 14255: 14250: 14230: 14195: 14180: 13698: 13311: 12096: 11720: 10459: 8141: 7075: 7062: 3851:

awarded silver medals and the third-place athletes receive bronze medals. In events contested by a

3766: 3406: 3249: 3070: 3028:

Individual athletes have also used the Olympic stage to promote their own political agenda. At the

3012:

in Helsinki. Instead, starting in 1928, the Soviets organised an international sports event called

1361: 951: 846:, in 1843, organised by Gustaf Johan Schartau and others. At most 25,000 spectators saw the games. 655: 637: 58: 39: 17: 22091: 22086: 22081: 22076: 9417: 8166: 6107: 1885:

in Berlin were the first Games to be broadcast on television, though only to local audiences. The

27199: 26901: 26151: 26001: 25537: 25436: 25187: 25064: 25012: 24980: 24975: 24958: 24870: 24730: 24458: 24301: 24256: 24200: 23954: 23949: 22574: 21730: 15339: 15277: 15174: 15124: 15084: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15002: 14997: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14962: 14947: 14942: 14932: 14927: 14922: 14917: 14896: 14806: 14786: 14691: 14660: 14583: 14558: 14548: 14481: 14476: 14461: 14415: 14385: 14370: 14355: 14345: 14335: 14300: 14295: 14245: 14215: 14190: 14165: 13454: 12814: 11963: 10727:"Positive drug test by Russian Kamila Valieva has forced a delay of Olympic team medals ceremony" 8624: 7042: 4731: 4285: 4184: 3957: 3953: 3945: 3815: 3709: 3521: 3458: 2944: 2331: 2143: 2085: 1910:

spent US$ 3.5 billion for the American rights to air every Olympic Games from 2000 to 2012.

1842:

became a watershed moment in Olympic history. The Los Angeles-based organising committee, led by

1246: 1231: 1227: 1211: 1177: 1081: 934:, in 1856, offering to fund a permanent revival of the Olympic Games. Zappas sponsored the first 12587: 11617: 7933: 7778: 7182: 4331:"OLYMPICS: One Year to Lillehammer; '94 Olympics Are on Schedule Now That Budget Games Are Over" 2007:, consists of five intertwined rings and represents the unity of the five inhabited continents ( 27282: 26827: 25358: 25197: 25076: 24900: 24875: 24832: 24623: 24583: 24566: 24421: 24406: 24396: 24230: 24220: 23380: 21753: 15272: 15169: 15159: 15139: 15129: 15114: 15109: 15089: 15059: 15054: 15044: 15024: 14992: 14967: 14771: 14761: 14706: 14701: 14598: 14588: 14568: 14496: 14486: 14471: 14425: 14420: 14360: 14315: 14275: 14170: 13439: 13177: 13131: 13109: 13097: 12892: 12427:

Shachar, Ayelet (2011). "Picking Winners: Olympic Citizenship and the Global Race for Talent".

12297: 11870: 11316: 11151: 7968: 7876:"Here's Why the Swimming Finals Are Held in the Morning at Tokyo Olympics | Sports Illustrated" 5943: 5306: 4660: 4414: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3949: 3926: 3918: 3670: 3501: 3397:, which was officially confirmed on 11 February. Valieva's sample in question was taken by the 3218: 3148: 3129: 3086: 2900: 2838: 2501: 2198: 1823: 1606: 1584:(ROC) is the NOC of the Russian Federation. There are currently 206 NOCs recognised by the IOC. 1491:

of Russia as a result of improved services. But by December 2014, eight months after the games

1419: 1200: 862: 585: 516: 204: 168: 158: 83: 12370: 8424: 7708: 7671:

Whannel, Garry (1984). "3. The television spectacular". In Tomlinson, A.; Whannel, G. (eds.).

6931: 6785: 6707: 6487: 6185: 6139: 6060: 4739: 666:

footrace was the only event contested, and victory in that sprint was so valued that the next

27149: 27124: 26817: 26706: 26471: 25967: 25891: 25702: 25652: 25642: 25512: 25308: 25150: 23564: 23362: 20162: 16239: 15267: 15257: 15247: 15237: 15154: 15079: 15049: 14901: 14866: 14841: 14811: 14756: 14736: 14716: 14573: 14518: 14456: 14400: 14350: 14305: 14290: 14270: 14260: 14235: 14175: 13459: 12549:

Weiler, Ingomar (2004). "The predecessors of the Olympic movement, and Pierre de Coubertin".

12351: 12345: 11227: 7091: 4079: 3961: 3870:; from 1984, these have also been awarded to the seventh- and eighth-place finishers. At the 3819: 3786:. The two athletes won five gold medals and one bronze medal between them at the 2014 Games. 3509: 3462: 3057:

competition, while standing on the medal podium after the balance beam event final, in which

2865: 2357: 1046: 1007:

The first Games held under the auspices of the IOC were hosted in the Panathenaic Stadium in

850: 574: 564: 485: 357: 261: 35: 11593:"Moscow calls on IOC to provide official explanations on transfer of three Russian athletes" 11165: 8272: 5913: 1917:

agreed to a $ 4.38 billion contract with the IOC to broadcast the Olympics through the

27229: 26476: 26126: 25780: 25603: 25431: 25388: 25368: 25255: 25250: 24880: 24468: 24266: 24180: 24069: 23937: 23932: 23860: 23820: 23794: 23787: 23768: 23750: 23732: 23714: 23696: 23678: 23660: 23642: 23624: 23606: 23588: 23570: 23552: 23534: 23516: 23498: 23480: 23462: 23456: 23444: 23426: 23408: 23397: 23386: 23368: 23350: 23332: 23314: 23298: 23224: 23206: 23189: 23173: 23155: 23139: 23121: 23105: 23087: 23069: 23051: 23033: 23017: 22999: 22981: 22963: 22945: 22927: 22909: 22891: 22873: 22857: 22846: 22835: 22817: 22799: 22781: 22765: 22747: 22736: 22718: 22700: 22682: 22664: 22646: 22630: 22562: 22249: 21784: 21713: 16183: 15442: 15318: 15217: 15212: 14821: 14781: 14751: 14746: 14608: 14533: 14410: 14320: 14210: 14055: 13865: 13858: 13851: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13815: 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13743: 13736: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13707: 13686: 13679: 13672: 13665: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13557: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13518: 13513: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13493: 13484: 13294: 13284: 12967: 11458: 11294: 10804: 10673: 10644: 10355: 9985: 9619: 9015: 8939: 8732: 8580: 8194:, Doctoral thesis, Université de Paris IV – Sorbonne, 1985, p. 926; cf. Michaela Lochmann, 7716: 6544:"The Economic Impact Of The Winter Olympics: Not Great For Russia But Sochi Stands To Gain" 6399: 5590: 5553: 4981: 4628: 4305: 4176: 4067: 3941: 3910: 3906: 3871: 3863: 3859: 3843: 3705: 3701: 3685: 3666: 3638: 3619: 3607: 3513: 3454: 3450: 3443: 3371: 3367: 3257: 3253: 3230: 3226: 3207: 3192: 3157: 3137: 3101: 3029: 3009: 2981: 2961: 2927: 2908: 2892: 2869: 2861: 2834: 2802:

a large number of African countries threatened the IOC with a boycott to force them to ban

2799: 2795: 2736: 2725: 2693: 2681: 2669: 2657: 2645: 2579: 2551: 2534: 2497: 2467: 2451: 2444: 2440: 2405: 2288: 2260: 2240: 2232: 2213: 2171: 2155: 2151: 2121: 2106: 2102: 2028: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1918: 1903: 1893:

in California were sold for the first time to specialised television broadcasting networks—

1890: 1886: 1882: 1869: 1839: 1807: 1799: 1776: 1747: 1715: 1709: 1675: 1646: 1563: 1530: 1522: 1514: 1498: 1476: 1395: 1365: 1313: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1250: 1215: 1207: 1196: 1156: 1148: 1139: 1135: 1127: 1119: 1107: 1093: 1073: 1054: 1037: 1025: 997: 993: 983: 877: 807:

in London, mentioned these games as "the first stirrings of Britain's Olympic beginnings".

524: 520: 481: 477: 473: 465: 461: 457: 445: 441: 346: 342: 338: 194: 189: 31: 11491: 11047:"Qatar decision to send female athletes to London 2012 increases pressure on Saudi Arabia" 9641: 8670: 3217:

The first Olympic athlete to test positive for the use of performance-enhancing drugs was

2056:

in 1894 and has been official since 1924. The motto was coined by Coubertin's friend, the

1691:

reported on the tangled nature of how the IOC redistributes profits from sponsorships and

1525:

became a two-city race between Paris and Los Angeles, so the IOC took the unusual step of

1214:. Since then, the Paralympics have been held in every Olympic year and, starting with the 799:

between 1612 and 1642, with several later celebrations leading up to the present day. The

444:

participating at the Games. The growing importance of mass media has created the issue of

8: 27129: 27066: 26684: 26352: 26163: 26141: 25820: 25815: 25466: 25373: 25333: 24895: 24890: 24760: 24725: 24578: 24362: 24291: 24240: 23961: 13886: 12990: 12188:

The Olympic Games Explained: A Student Guide to the Evolution of the Modern Olympic Games

12083: 10747: 9354: 9276: 8865: 6832: 5280: 4723: 4548: 3583: 3289: 3165: 3058: 2884: 2575: 2570:

American medal hauls in the 1970s and 1980s. As a result, the Olympics shifted away from

2521: 2421: 2361: 2097: 2053: 1922: 1692: 1580:(NOCs) represent and regulate the Olympic Movement within each country. For example, the 1408: 1333: 1267: 1012: 967: 955: 943: 931: 776: 629: 507:

to be contested at the Games. There are several Olympic rituals and symbols, such as the

393: 365: 235: 199: 11643: 11125: 9811:"India launches last-minute diplomatic boycott of Beijing Olympics over Chinese soldier" 9056: 7616:"NBC Olympics, U.S. Olympic Committee acquire media rights to Paralympics in 2014, 2016" 5641: 5472: 5227: 3183:

colonel stated that the agency's officers had posed as anti-doping authorities from the

2611: 2562: 2319:

place, but the ceremonies at the Winter Olympics are usually held in a special "plaza".

1719: 1159:, the Winter Olympics were held every four years, two years after each Summer Olympics. 27192: 27061: 26956: 26889: 26782: 26136: 26102: 26006: 25915: 25857: 25795: 25739: 25502: 25348: 25288: 25240: 24925: 24905: 24815: 24699: 24561: 24524: 24478: 24391: 24357: 24281: 24215: 24175: 24124: 23744: 14121: 13432: 12870:

GamesBids.com – An Authoritative Review of Olympic Bid Business (home of the BidIndex™)

12858: 12751: 12647: 12580: 12566: 12290: 12233: 12117: 12033: 11665: 11195: 10961: 10783: 10565: 10493: 10350: 10189: 9841: 8983: 8380: 8343: 8100: 7938: 7784: 7644: 7124: 6896: 6525: 6475: 6173: 6147: 6048: 6030: 4483: 4335: 3615: 3563: 3296: 2932: 2811: 2565:, as it put the self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage. The 2484: 2458:, the first major programme revision was performed, which resulted in the exclusion of 2326:

ceremonies was established at the 1932 Winter Olympics, based on pedestals used at the

1443: 1218:

in Seoul, the host city for the Olympics has also played host to the Paralympics. The

923: 889: 804: 432:

need to adapt to a variety of economic, political, and technological advancements. The

397: 266: 245: 26637: 12325: 11909: 11694: 9178: 9011: 8906: 8644: 8627:; David C. Young (4 August 2024). "Programs and Participation: The Medal Ceremonies". 8521: 8415: 8218: 7390: 6729: 6678: 6649: 5828: 5506: 4890: 4844: 3191:

and that Soviet athletes were "rescued with tremendous efforts". On the topic of the

2231:

chosen language, with the host country's athletes being the last to enter. During the

1949:

had increased to 900 million; this number had swelled to 3.5 billion by the

1471:

The Games have had significant negative effects on host communities; for example, the

27182: 26498: 26042: 26021: 25957: 25925: 25910: 25901: 25867: 25177: 25145: 25030: 24689: 24588: 24546: 24536: 24316: 24311: 24306: 24276: 24011: 23900: 23258: 16171: 14027: 12807: 12778: 12759: 12733:"When the Olympics Gave Out Medals for Art (painters, sculptors, writers, musicians)" 12717: 12691: 12672: 12653: 12632: 12591: 12570: 12504: 12478: 12468: 12447: 12441: 12406: 12378: 12355: 12301: 12267: 12239: 12218: 12192: 12164: 12143: 12124: 12069: 12039: 11807: 10722: 10653: 10194: 10158: 10012:"IOC EB recommends no participation of Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials" 9597: 9358: 9158: 8831: 8778:. The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. Archived from 8306: 7943: 7676: 6836: 6826: 6529: 6521: 6483: 6435: 6422: 6208: 6181: 6177: 6165: 6056: 6052: 5798:. The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. Archived from 5755: 5195: 5043: 4993: 4775: 4743: 4640: 4406: 4314: 3341: 3222: 3097: 2888: 2784: 2455: 2186: 1963: 1759: 1687: 971: 830:

The 1834 handbill, written in phonetic vernacular, advertising "Ho-limpyc Gaymes" in

816: 723: 512: 334: 11004: 9155:

Degrees of Difficulty: How Women's Gymnastics Rose to Prominence and Fell from Grace

6479: 4598: 1858: 1451:

in 1992, the first peer-reviewed academic journal focused on the Olympic Games. The

826: 380:, which encompasses all entities and individuals involved in the Olympic Games. The 27239: 27134: 27051: 26929: 26894: 26751: 26542: 26220: 25930: 25785: 25697: 25682: 25363: 25313: 25298: 25283: 25225: 24945: 24800: 24594: 24571: 24531: 24438: 24026: 24006: 23944: 23267: 22599: 13449: 13404: 12962: 12558: 11529:"IOC suspends Russian Olympic Committee for incorporating Ukrainian sports regions" 11490:. Lausanne, Switzerland: International Olympic Committee. July 2011. Archived from 10405:"Frequent doping tests and suspicion cast a shadow over China's Olympics swim team" 9517: 6517: 6497:

from the original on 22 September 2017 – via Social Science Research Network.

6467: 6431: 6157: 6040: 5741: 4985: 4779: 4735: 4632: 4382: 3758: 3317: 2873: 2729: 2380:

are the only summer sports that have never been absent from the Olympic programme.

2304: 2175: 2147: 1938: 1930: 1464: 1168: 963: 927: 904: 792: 684: 425: 389: 377: 24753: 12818: 11428: 6318: 5154: 4390: 4289: 1775:

The Olympic Games have been commercialised to various degrees since the inaugural

596:) were religious and athletic festivals held every four years at the sanctuary of 420:

for sports that are not contested in the Olympic Games. The IOC also endorses the

30:

This article is about the modern games in general. For the most recent event, see

27266: 27106: 27076: 27006: 26834: 26642: 26503: 26092: 26057: 25935: 25879: 25835: 25687: 25303: 25202: 25192: 24953: 24885: 24842: 24612: 24493: 24210: 24205: 24074: 21774: 21769: 13276: 13231: 13187: 13119: 13039: 12957: 12834: 12462: 12261: 12186: 12061: 11612: 11375: 10152: 6277: 6263: 5223: 4586: 4563: 4539: 4475: 4451: 4410: 4163: 4124: 4017: 4005: 3867: 3658: 3579: 3559: 3545: 3470: 3346: 3203: 3176: 2937: 2907:", where athletes still compete at the Games but diplomats do not attend, of the 2315: 2224: 2150:

figure representing the cultural heritage of the host country, was introduced in

2089: 2057: 1987: 1843: 1631: 1404: 1400: 1317: 1188: 935: 885: 703: 659: 633: 613: 605: 601: 578: 500: 381: 361: 325:) are the world's leading international sporting events. They feature summer and 318: 153: 88: 24001: 10514:"McLaren report: more than 1,000 Russian athletes involved in doping conspiracy" 10123: 6570: 3052:

badge in support of Smith and Carlos. In response to the protest, IOC president

2283: 988: 26964: 26934: 26839: 26711: 26679: 26674: 26669: 26483: 26342: 26112: 26047: 25981: 25952: 25734: 25692: 25662: 25647: 25398: 25235: 25165: 24920: 24618: 24235: 24190: 24016: 23835: 23672: 23167: 23146: 22864: 22707: 15482: 13422: 13316: 13271: 13266: 12927: 12053: 10433: 9898: 6822: 6458: 5201:

Mémoire sur le conflit entre la Grèce et la Roumanie concernant l'affaire Zappa

4697: 4670: 4535: 4386: 4041: 3874:

in Athens, the gold, silver, and bronze medal winners were also presented with

3678: 3627: 3623: 3555: 3517: 3474: 3394: 3350: 3321: 3082: 3066: 3053: 2887:. Ultimately, no nation supported a boycott. In August 2008, the government of 2716: 2571: 2479: 2436: 2349: 2343: 2300: 2093: 2032: 1819: 1735: 1642: 1615: 1602: 1488: 1195:, organised a multi-sport event between several hospitals to coincide with the 1016: 919: 888:. In 1866, a national Olympic Games in Great Britain was organised at London's 788: 735: 504: 437: 409: 230: 148: 15451: 12562: 10618: 10531: 9521: 6677:. International Olympic Committee. February 2008. pp. 1–2. Archived from 3001: 1336:

are permitted to compete at Olympic Games, examples being territories such as

27276: 26864: 26537: 26493: 26466: 26449: 26417: 26277: 26215: 25920: 25825: 25805: 25729: 25417: 25383: 25245: 25170: 25155: 24847: 24805: 24704: 24694: 24428: 24352: 23979: 23829: 23667: 23654: 23559: 23469: 23357: 23213: 23076: 23024: 22806: 22689: 13427: 13412: 13321: 13239: 12982: 12844: 12829: 12704:

Sarantakes, Nicholas Evan. "The Olympics and the Cold War: A Historiography"

12624: 10694:

Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle; Axon, Iain; Grohmann, Karolos (9 February 2022).

10430:"Electronic Documentary Package of the IP Professor Richard H. McLaren, O.C." 10198: 8779: 8602: 8310: 7947: 6471: 6169: 4567: 4515: 4437: 4119: 4091: 4012: 3390: 3078: 2857: 2404:

have been featured at every Winter Olympics programme since its inception in

2154:. It has played an important part of the Games' identity promotion since the 2081: 2068: 2039: 2004: 1847: 1731: 1273: 1242: 820: 750: 727: 680: 528: 413: 401: 326: 240: 220: 113: 12482: 12089:

The Olympic Games: BC 776 – AD 1896. The Olympic Games in 1896 – Second Part

11985: 11802:

MacCarthy, Kevin (30 March 2010). "St Louis – Ireland's Olympic Awakening".

10696:"Figure skating-Russian media say teen star tested positive for banned drug" 8801: 8196:

Les fondements pédagogiques de la devise olympique "citius, altius, fortius"

5446: 3558:, in the 400 m hurdles). Qatar made one of its first female Olympians, 1649:. There were soon four independent investigations underway: by the IOC, the 772: 27224: 27116: 27036: 27026: 26849: 26822: 26746: 26652: 26647: 26444: 26424: 26412: 26337: 26178: 26121: 26037: 25810: 25790: 25451: 25323: 25160: 25035: 24810: 24795: 24748: 24448: 23254: 23006: 22970: 21764: 14015: 13259: 13249: 13139: 13044: 10774: 10456:"McLaren Independent Investigation Report into Sochi Allegations – Part II" 10184:"The Soviet Doping Plan: Document Reveals Illicit Approach to '84 Olympics" 9671: 8760: 7448: 5998: 5534: 5396: 4357: 4201: 3875: 3839: 3804: 3779: 3693: 3684:

Terrorism affected two Olympic Games held in the United States. During the

3550:

from equal rights and women's groups which threaten to disrupt the Games".

3536: 3500:

By 2010, only three countries had never sent female athletes to the Games:

3199: 3169: 3062: 3045: 3033: 2969: 2949: 2803: 2756: 2558: 2178: 2163: 2110: 1997: 1619: 1611: 1493: 1423: 1349: 1192: 854: 746: 742: 731: 715: 672: 548: 508: 453: 26869: 26802: 26241: 12688:

The Economics of Staging the Olympics: A Comparison of the Games 1972–2008

11290: 10619:"Russia banned for four years to include 2020 Olympics and 2022 World Cup" 10404: 10154:

Drug Games: The International Olympic Committee and the Politics of Doping

5994:"Sochi 2014: the costliest Olympics yet but where has all the money gone?" 4989: 4636: 2311: 1945:

was estimated to be 600 million, whereas the audience numbers at the

1433: 795:, England, involving various sports. It was first organised by the lawyer 27214: 27001: 26994: 26941: 26632: 26627: 26587: 26527: 26439: 26390: 26347: 26198: 26193: 26168: 26158: 25991: 25862: 25220: 25182: 25002: 24519: 24514: 24286: 24170: 23994: 23989: 23984: 23813: 23739: 23636: 23618: 23415: 23339: 23250: 23040: 22957: 22811: 22788: 13996: 13444: 13417: 13306: 12160:

Telecommunications Management:Industry structures and planning strategies

10532:"Rio Olympics 2016: Which Russian athletes have been cleared to compete?" 9989: 6292: 6161: 6044: 4115: 3831: 3823: 3808: 3734: 3674: 3611: 3478: 3211: 3188: 3037: 2993: 2957: 2953: 2923: 2815: 2776: 2748: 2740: 2712: 2292: 2124: 2061: 1751: 1418:

It has been documented that cost and cost overrun for the Games follow a

1369: 1337: 1152: 873: 688: 449: 421: 417: 405: 225: 16194: 7267: 1992: 27234: 27144: 27139: 27088: 27056: 27046: 27011: 26989: 26879: 26768: 26763: 26741: 26736: 26716: 26617: 26582: 26567: 26532: 26434: 26400: 26322: 26251: 26203: 26183: 26173: 26131: 26087: 26082: 25677: 25626: 25546: 25265: 25105: 24720: 24433: 24165: 24144: 23971: 23420: 23344: 12016: 10856: 10286:"Doping: 3667 athletes tested, IOC seeks action against Halkia's coach" 9446: 7599: 6076:"LA the Best Site, Bid Group Insists; Olympics: Despite USOC rejection" 4962: 4623:

David C. Young (1 January 2004). "Chapter 2. Beginnings and Evidence".

3835: 3606:

caused three Olympiads to pass without a celebration of the Games: the

3494: 3242: 3152: 3013: 2542: 2296: 2167: 1784: 1723: 1696: 1662: 1510: 1439: 1111: 1103: 858: 676: 609: 12879: 10593:"Russia banned from Olympics for four years over doping scandal: TASS" 10488:"Report Shows Vast Reach of Russian Doping: 1,000 Athletes, 30 Sports" 8700:"Medalists at 2018 Winter Olympics get precious keepsake. And a medal" 8299:"Meet the Phryges: Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic mascots unveiled" 6138:

Flyvbjerg, Bent; Budzier, Alexander; Lunn, Daniel (1 September 2020).

4153:

English and French are the official languages of the Olympic Movement.

1779:

in Athens, when a number of companies paid for advertising, including

1353: 1308:. The scope and scale of the Winter Olympics is smaller; for example, 27219: 27204: 27172: 27041: 26974: 26911: 26906: 26797: 26731: 26622: 26612: 26547: 26522: 26429: 26407: 26246: 26188: 26146: 26067: 25872: 25709: 25446: 24648: 24556: 24185: 23869: 23708: 23546: 23492: 23231: 23094: 23063: 22903: 22898: 22793: 22730: 22694: 12813: 12086:; Philemon, Timoleon J.; Politis, N.G.; Anninos, Charalambos (1897). 11986:"Will Africa ever host the Olympic Games as Egypt prepares 2036 bid?" 10895:"Evan Bates calls Kamila Valiyeva doping case secrecy 'an injustice'" 10752: 10731: 8675: 8623: 7578: 7458: 7359: 5769: 5612:"Innsbruck is the host city for the first Winter Youth Olympic Games" 5558: 5423: 4544:"Ancient Olympics Had 'Spectacular' Opening Ceremony, Pagan Partying" 4284: 4243: 4239: 4188: 3673:

terrorist organisation launched attacks in the region, including the

3662: 3637:

Terrorism most directly affected the Olympic Games in 1972. When the

3631: 3603: 3141: 3125: 3040:, who finished first and third in the 200 metres, performed the 2700: 2557:

The advent of the state-sponsored "full-time amateur athlete" of the

2538: 2128: 1803: 1438:

Seeking a scholarly institution to independently research the Games,

1345: 1285: 1069: 1042: 869: 843: 11343:"Munich 1972: Massacre at Munich - 50 Years of Olympic Broadcasting" 6800: 1501:, citing the high costs or lack of local support, resulting in only 675:

and javelin throws, a foot race, and wrestling), boxing, wrestling,

27177: 26979: 26946: 26884: 26874: 26844: 26807: 26792: 26756: 26721: 26696: 26664: 26659: 26592: 26552: 26461: 26456: 26332: 26287: 26077: 25766: 25756: 25751: 25719: 24261: 23582: 23510: 23326: 23236: 22993: 22885: 13244: 12934: 11279:

https://olympics.com/en/news/mixed-team-events-explained-watch-live

10847: 6891:"Olympics: Barcelona Profile; Samaranch, Under the Gun Shoots Back" 6152: 6035: 5252:"Olympic Games - a brief history | Parramatta History and Heritage" 3783: 3431: 3363: 3133: 2853: 2807: 2760: 2728:, because the IOC insisted its team needed to be restricted to the 2607: 2603: 2352:

consists of 35 sports, 30 disciplines and 408 events. For example,

2182: 2116: 2012: 1627: 1131: 1123: 900: 831: 719: 711: 667: 620: 503:. The IOC also determines the Olympic programme, consisting of the 469: 350: 330: 133: 11780: 11754:. St. Louis, MO: Woodard & Tiernan. p. 47. Archived from 11592: 10873:"Spanish skater caught in shock new scandal after Winter Olympics" 8520:. International Olympic Committee. 31 January 2002. Archived from 8488:. The International Olympic Committee. 5 June 2012. Archived from 8217:. International Olympic Committee. 2007. p. 6. Archived from 7850:"Olympics 2021: Why swimming finals are being held in the morning" 6027:

The Oxford Olympics Study 2016: Cost and Cost Overrun at the Games

5328: 4000: 3692:, killing two people and injuring 111 others. The bomb was set by 2259:

Athletes gather in the stadium during the closing ceremony of the

1798:

mouthwash, and Indian Foot Powder became official sponsors of the

569: 27187: 27167: 27101: 27096: 26969: 26921: 26854: 26812: 26691: 26572: 26359: 26297: 26292: 26208: 26032: 25840: 25746: 25724: 25714: 24321: 23762: 23600: 23541: 23528: 23487: 23375: 23133: 23081: 22880: 22824: 22759: 22754: 21722: 12864: 11908:. International Olympic Committee. pp. 72–75. Archived from 11835:. Stockholm: Esselte Aktiebolag. 1959. p. 23. Archived from 11074:"Inside Lines: Protests at 2012 if Saudis say 'no girls allowed'" 10819:

Ritchie, Hannah; Watson, Angus; Regan, Helen (11 February 2022).

10700: 10042:"Why are Russian athletes 'banned' from the 2024 Paris Olympics?" 8846: 7673:

Five-ring Circus: Money, Power, and Politics at the Olympic Games

7595:"NBC Olympics, Universal Sports announce Youth Olympics coverage" 7294:"Wildly interesting facts about London you never knew, until now" 6745:

Click on "What is a National Olympic Committee?" (at top of page)

6596:"Revealed: the biggest threat to the future of the Olympic Games" 6201:"Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee publishes final balanced budget" 4180: 4037: 3812: 3590: 3567: 2911:

in Beijing by several countries, most notably the United States.

2772: 2264: 2024: 1793: 1626:. Under the Samaranch presidency, the office was accused of both 1341: 1309: 815:, a national Olympic festival held annually from 1796 to 1798 in 699: 26859: 12884: 12869: 11223:"Men to compete in artistic swimming at Olympics for first time" 8982:. International Olympic Committee. February 2008. Archived from 8379:. International Olympic Committee. February 2008. Archived from 8342:. International Olympic Committee. February 2008. Archived from 7824:"London Olympics 2012 Ratings: Most Watched Event In TV History" 7744:"All Fall Down – Making sense of NBC's tumbling Olympic ratings" 7412: 7410: 7408: 7319: 3326:

Russia at the 2012 Summer Olympics § Russian doping scandal

27209: 27031: 27016: 26916: 26701: 26488: 26381: 26364: 26327: 26317: 26282: 26072: 26052: 26011: 25976: 25800: 25328: 25230: 25007: 23803: 23721: 23703: 23631: 23613: 23595: 23505: 23433: 23321: 23196: 23162: 23112: 23099: 23011: 22988: 22975: 22952: 22829: 22772: 22725: 22712: 22671: 22658: 22653: 12848: 12263:

The Nazi Olympics: sport, politics and appeasement in the 1930s

12082: 12057: 11347: 10985: 10238:"Hero or villain? Ben Johnson and the dirtiest race in history" 8450:"Beijing Dazzles: Chinese History, on Parade as Olympics Begin" 8409:"The development of the Games – Between festival and tradition" 7550: 6861: 6229:"Tokyo Olympics cost $ 15.4 billion. What else could that buy?" 6198: 5539: 5160: 4687: 3642: 3524:

announced that it "hoped to send up to four female athletes in

3354: 3295:

Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and

3093: 2977: 2827: 2788: 2708: 2704: 2323: 2255: 2236: 2136: 2132: 2020: 2008: 1873: 1506: 1329: 1276:

in 2001 and approved during the 119th Congress of the IOC. The

1008: 1001: 939: 839: 707: 373: 25595: 12714:

Dishonored Games: Corruption, Money, and Greed at the Olympics

9808: 9694:"Diplomats Visit Tibet as EU Split on Olympic Opening Boycott" 9307:"Protesting Amateur Rules, Canada Leaves International Hockey" 8880: 8573:"The Latest: Rio Games close with samba-fueled Carnival party" 8262:"Olympic Summer Games Mascots from Munich 1972 to London 2012" 8033: 7995:"The Phryges – Paris 2024 Mascots Star as Olympic Merchandise" 7639:"Fewer Russians Could Be a Windfall for U.S. Olympic Business" 6108:"Brazil's Olympic costs running 51% over budget, report warns" 6025:

Flyvbjerg, Bent; Stewart, Allison; Budzier, Alexander (2016).

5666:. International Olympic Committee. 5 July 2007. Archived from 5447:"Innsbruck 1988 Paralympics – Ceremonies, Medals, Torch Relay" 4954: 4162:

However, Theodosius' decree contains no specific reference to

2052:

expression meaning "Faster, Higher, Stronger" was proposed by

27021: 26984: 26395: 25830: 25637: 23783: 23777: 23757: 23726: 23690: 23685: 23649: 23523: 23451: 23180: 23128: 23058: 23045: 22939: 22934: 22916: 22676: 12756:

The Complete Book of the Summer Olympics, Athens 2004 Edition

11509: 11376:"Spain Tackles Terrorist Threat by Basques to Olympics, Expo" 9039: 9037: 9035: 9033: 7574:"NBC Universal pays $ 7.75 billion for Olympics through 2032" 7405: 6420:

Rose AK, Spiegel MM (19 January 2011). "The Olympic Effect".

5827:. International Olympic Committee. p. 61. Archived from 4534: 4430: 4266: 3618:

between Georgia and Russia erupted on the opening day of the

2989: 2985: 2896: 2780: 2764: 2744: 2513: 2217: 2159: 2049: 1780: 1739: 1480: 1373: 1357: 1191:, determined to promote the rehabilitation of soldiers after 1181: 645: 12775:

The Complete Book of the Winter Olympics, Turin 2006 Edition

12685: 11869:. Melbourne: W. M. Houston. 1958. p. 37. Archived from 10940:

Kamila Valiyeva could be banned through 2026 Winter Olympics

10779:"Star Russian Figure Skater Tested Positive for Banned Drug" 10748:"Winter Olympics: Kamila Valieva failed drug test confirmed" 8905:. International Olympic Committee. p. 1. Archived from 8423:. International Olympic Committee. p. 5. Archived from 6943: 6941: 5329:"1906 Olympics mark 10th anniversary of the Olympic revival" 4843:. International Olympic Committee. p. 2. Archived from 2936:

called him "perhaps the greatest and most famous athlete in

1280:

were held in Singapore from 14 to 26 August 2010, while the

922:

in 1821. It was first proposed by poet and newspaper editor

914:

Greek interest in reviving the Olympic Games began with the

884:. Its articles of foundation provided the framework for the 26562: 26557: 26513: 26236: 26062: 25852: 23839: 23809: 23438: 22921: 12801: 11804:

Gold, Silver and Green: The Irish Olympic Journey 1896–1924

10800:"Russian figure skater's drug test case to be heard Sunday" 10693: 10670:"Russia can't use its name and flag at the next 2 Olympics" 9205:"Soviet Control of Sports Activities and Sports Propaganda" 7079:. Passaic County, New Jersey. 25 February 2002. p. A6. 7066:. Passaic County, New Jersey. 25 February 2002. p. A1. 4033: 3161: 3100:, did not compete in a match against an Israeli during the 2903:. Continuing human rights violations in China have led to " 2768: 2016: 1788: 1567: 624: 597: 11543:"IOC Executive Board approves nine changes of nationality" 11451:"IOC on bin Laden killing: no bearing on Olympic security" 10288:. Express India Newspapers. 19 August 2008. Archived from 10217: 9482:(109–110): 584–585. November–December 1976. Archived from 9275:. Comité International Pierre De Coubertin. Archived from 9030: 8374:"Fact sheet: Opening Ceremony of the Winter Olympic Games" 8337:"Fact sheet: Opening Ceremony of the Summer Olympic Games" 6370: 4817: 4474: 930:, a wealthy Greek-Romanian philanthropist, first wrote to 838:

In 1834 and 1836, the Olympic games were held in Ramlösa,

11148:"Female Gulf athletes make their mark in London Olympics" 10825: 9101:"The Role of Sports in The Soviet Union – Guided History" 7187: 6938: 5880:"Executive Board Concludes First Meeting of the New Year" 5056: 4867: 4865: 4756: 4704: 4267:"Jeux Olympiques – Sports, Athlètes, Médailles, Rio 2016" 3901:

List of participating nations at the Winter Olympic Games

3897:

List of participating nations at the Summer Olympic Games

3562:(shooting), its flagbearer at the 2012 Games, and runner 3180: 1914: 1907: 1894: 1750:

was also clouded by controversy; a prominent IOC member,

1704: 1667: 12115:

Crowther, Nigel B. (2007). "The Ancient Olympic Games".

11190:"Desperately Seeking Skiers for a Budding Olympic Sport" 9785:"What a diplomatic boycott of the Winter Olympics means" 9395: 9237:"Soviet Sports as an Instrument of Political Propaganda" 7779:"A Surprise Winner at the Olympic Games in Beijing: NBC" 7689: 4955:

John E. Findling; Kimberly Pelle, eds. (30 March 2004).

3745:, and the suspension was upheld in February 2024 by the 3704:

in Salt Lake City took place just five months after the

3338:

Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Winter Olympics

1596: 1422:, which means that, first, the Games are prone to large 396:

for athletes aged 14 to 18, the five Continental Games (

12880:

Reference book about all Olympic Medalists of all times

12373:. In Lewis, D.M.; Boardman, John; Davies, J.K. (eds.). 12324:. International Olympic Committee. 2007. Archived from 11829:

The Equestrian Games of the XVI Olympiad Stockholm 1956

9507: 8725:"Mascots come first, then medals for Olympic champions" 6024: 5530:"Sainsbury's announces sponsorship of 2012 Paralympics" 5080: 4599:"The Olympic Truce – Myth and Reality by Harvey Abrams" 3405:

on 25 December, but the sample was not analyzed at the

3121:

Use of performance-enhancing drugs in the Olympic Games

3032:

in Mexico City, two American track and field athletes,

2930:, where he won four gold medals; in his 1980 obituary, 2899:, Russia, in response to Russia's participation in the 2732:

rather than representing the entire island of Ireland.

2356:

is a Summer Olympic sport, comprising two disciplines:

1770: 1734:, of breaking the bid rules. He cited French president 1434:

Economic and social impact on host cities and countries

1316:. Most of the athletes and officials are housed in the 926:

in his poem "Dialogue of the Dead", published in 1833.

448:

and general commercialisation of the Games. World Wars

12711: 12708:(Dec 2023), Vol.25, 127–158. doi: 10.1162/jcws_a_01173 11150:. Agence France-Presse. 13 August 2012. Archived from 11126:"London 2012 Olympics: Saudi Arabian women to compete" 8477: 8475: 8473: 8471: 7969:"Swimming, gymnastics finals set for mornings in 2008" 7525: 7355:

Global Entertainment Media: Content, Audiences, Issues

4862: 4722: 4200:

The IOC lists a French immigrant to the United States

4130:

Global Association of International Sports Federations

3700:, who is serving a life sentence for the bombing. The 2759:, but did send an equestrian delegation to Stockholm; 1637:

In 1998, it was reported that several IOC members had

1555:

The Olympic Movement is made of three major elements:

27250: 12292:

America's first Olympics: the St. Louis games of 1904

11642:. The International Olympic Committee. Archived from 11477: 9871: 7804: 6828:

Rome 1960: The Summer Olympics that Stirred the World

6672:"Roles and responsibilities during the Olympic Games" 6067: 4805: 4217:

were from Ireland, which at the time was part of the

4051: 3114: 2992:

supremacy, but notable victories by African American

2833:

The Republic of China (Taiwan) was excluded from the

2818:

was also one of the African boycott targets, because

1138:

held three months later; this event became the first

791:

or "Cotswold Olimpick Games", an annual meeting near

23297: 22629: 12854:

Interactive of all the medals in the Modern Olympics

12213:

Golden, Mark (2009). "Helpers, Horses, and Heroes".

11935:"Future Olympic Games elections to be more flexible" 10643: 8756:"Prof says Olympic podiums have Canadian connection" 7903:"Morning finals forcing swimmers to adjust in Tokyo" 7250:"Kodak to end Olympics sponsorship after 2008 games" 7207: 7205: 6930:. Deseret News Archives. 19 May 2001. Archived from 6137: 4793: 4304: 3980:— have participated in all 23 Winter Games to date. 2980:

as benevolent and peace-loving when they hosted the

2783:

boycotted the Games due to the participation of the

861:, England. In 1859, Brookes changed the name to the 372:(IOC) in 1894, leading to the first modern Games in 12817:; David C. Young (4 August 2024). "Olympic Games". 12405:. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. 11317:"Olympic Shooters Hug as their Countries do Battle" 11244:"Men notch up an Olympic win at sex equality Games" 10649:"Russia confirms it will appeal 4-year Olympic ban" 8971: 8969: 8967: 8965: 8963: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8468: 6571:"Why Nobody Wants to Host the 2022 Winter Olympics" 6349:

Center for Sociocultural Sport and Olympic Research

6323:

Center for Sociocultural Sport and Olympic Research

5967:"Beijing Olympics to cost China 44 billion dollars" 4288:; David C. Young (4 August 2024). "Olympic Games". 4269:. International Olympic Committee. 22 October 2018. 3772: 3690:

a bomb was detonated at the Centennial Olympic Park

2751:refused to attend because of the repression of the 1356:when they gained the same constitutional status as 440:, as envisioned by Coubertin, to the acceptance of 433: 12666: 12579: 12289: 12116: 11744: 11188: 11065: 11028:"Should Saudi Arabia be Banned from the Olympics?" 10818: 10558: 10557:Ruiz, Rebecca R.; Panja, Tariq (5 December 2017). 10486: 10343: 10261:"Bill Seeks to Toughen Drug Testing in Pro Sports" 10182: 9809:Simone McCarthy and Rhea Mogul (4 February 2022). 8698:Madhani, Aamer; Armour, Nancy (13 February 2018). 8088: 8086: 8084: 7777: 7776:Carter, Bill; Sandomir, Richard (17 August 2008). 7637: 7546:"Update: NBC Bids $ 4.38 Billion for Olympic Gold" 7117: 6986:"Nagano Burned Documents Tracing '98 Olympics Bid" 6889: 6140:"Regression to the Tail: Why the Olympics Blow Up" 6106: 5068: 4576: 3733:The Olympic Charter requires that an athlete be a 3374:(while still being allowed to participate as the " 1614:countries further eroded the ideology of the pure 1536: 872:held an annual Grand Olympic Festival. Devised by 484:Olympics were postponed until 2021 because of the 12730: 12503:. Minneapolis MN: University of Minnesota Press. 12467:(2 ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press. 11283: 9127:. Central Intelligence Agency. 28 December 1954. 8924: 8099:. International Olympic Committee. Archived from 7202: 7083: 7036:Abrahamson, Alan; Wharton, David (30 July 2000). 7035: 6984:Jordan, Mary; Sullivan, Kevin (21 January 1999), 5856:. International Olympic Committee. Archived from 5583:"IOC approves Youth Olympics; first set for 2010" 5369:. International Olympic Committee. Archived from 4909: 4907: 4405: 4221:. Despite the team being called Great Britain or 3044:on the victory stand. The second-place finisher, 2926:on the podium after winning the long jump at the 2593: 2473: 27274: 12629:Power Games: A Political History of the Olympics 12609:television ratings decline olympic games torino. 12526:"Vancouver 2010 Mascots Introduced to the World" 11397:Finkelstein, Beth; Koch, Noel (11 August 1991). 11291:"Bush turns attention from politics to Olympics" 11096:"Saudis to send 2 women to London, make history" 10942:". NBC Sports. By OlympicTalk. 14 November 2022. 10317:. World Anti-Doping Agency. 2012. Archived from 9982:"Iranian Judoka rewarded after snubbing Israeli" 9545:(107–108): 461–462. October 1976. Archived from 9329:"Finally, Canada to Host the World Championship" 9242:. Central Intelligence Agency. 20 January 1955. 9210:. Central Intelligence Agency. 7 February 1955. 8977:"Factsheet: The sports on the Olympic programme" 8954: 8368: 8366: 8364: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8192:La carrière du père Didon, Dominicain. 1840–1900 7389:. LA84 Foundation of Los Angeles. Archived from 7351: 6199:Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee (27 July 2024). 5756:"International Olympic Committee - Beijing 2022" 5546: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4381: 3378:") due to the state-sponsored doping programme. 2625:List of Olympic Games scandals and controversies 2067:Coubertin's Olympic ideals are expressed in the 1722:specifically accused the British prime minister 1485:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 946:so that it could host all future Olympic Games. 753:, ordered the destruction of all Greek temples. 15481: 12686:Preuss, Holger; Marcia Semitiel García (2005). 12317: 11632: 11599: 11396: 10950: 10948: 10505: 10091: 10089: 9634: 9443:"African nations boycott costly Montreal Games" 9437: 9435: 8886: 8852: 8452:. Canadian Broadcasting Centre. 8 August 2008. 8403: 8401: 8081: 6924:"Samaranch reflects on bid scandal with regret" 6857:"Samaranch Defends Nominating Son for IOC Post" 6806: 6756:"South Sudan 206th NOC in the Olympic Movement" 6345:"Robert K. Barney Graduate Student Essay Award" 5640:. CRIenglish.com. 25 April 2007. Archived from 4562: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4423: 3461:sent two women competitors for the first time: 2960:on the podium after the 200 m race at the 364:from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. 12031: 10915: 10560:"Russia Banned From Winter Olympics by I.O.C." 9664:"Australia: Calls to Boycott Beijing Olympics" 9006: 9004: 8605:. International Olympic Committee. 1 June 2014 8039: 7775: 7416: 7377: 7375: 7373: 7371: 7369: 7347: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7337: 6983: 6821: 6664: 6448: 6252: 6250: 6029:. Saïd Business School, University of Oxford. 5742:"International Olympic Committee - Tokyo 2020" 5691:"No kidding: Teens to get Youth Olympic Games" 5638:"IOC to Introduce Youth Olympic Games in 2010" 5256:historyandheritage.cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au 5033: 4975: 4904: 4889:, Robert Dover's Games Society, archived from 4835: 4622: 4513: 3826:" or the "Phantom Finn", set 22 official 3151:, a gold medallist in the marathon, was given 2504:players have been permitted to participate in 1570:) is the IF for association football, and the 1364:in 1986. Since 2012, athletes from the former 1312:hosted 2,971 athletes from 91 nations in 376:in 1896. The IOC is the governing body of the 27298:Recurring sporting events established in 1896 25611: 23885: 23283: 22615: 21738: 16210: 15467: 14107: 12900: 12649:Historical dictionary of the Olympic movement 12184: 12035:Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement 10916:Zemlianichenko, Alexander (23 October 2022). 10176: 10174: 9948: 9612: 8697: 8361: 8324: 7934:"On TV, Timing Is Everything at the Olympics" 6786:"Organising Committees for the Olympic Games" 6371:"International Society of Olympic Historians" 6144:Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 5796:"Beijing to build convenient Olympic village" 5664:"IOC session: A "go" for Youth Olympic Games" 5352: 5350: 5331:. Canadian Broadcasting Centre. 28 May 2008. 5086: 5029: 4937: 4352: 4350: 2860:and sixty-five other countries boycotted the 2105:, the torch relay was only introduced at the 1360:in 2010, although the IOC had recognised the 286: 27308:International Olympic Committee competitions 12772: 12750: 12350:. New York: Rosen Publishing Group. p. 12259: 11950: 11948: 11773: 11025: 10945: 10086: 9432: 9401: 9381:"First Canada Cup Opens Up the Hockey World" 8637: 8603:"The Closing Ceremonies of the Olympic Game" 8398: 7447: 6817: 6815: 5985: 5103:"Much Wenlock & the Olympian Connection" 5027: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 4969: 4618: 4616: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4457: 3937:have competed at six Summer Olympics Games. 3728: 3442:, the first female Olympic champion, in the 2856:opponents boycotted each other's Games. The 1850:, in their publications and advertisements. 1368:have had the option to represent either the 810: 12343: 12163:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 12142:. Ontario: The Centre for Olympic Studies. 11806:. Cork University Press. pp. 117–146. 10887: 10223: 9902:(84): 530–557. October 1974. Archived from 9171: 9122:"Soviet Sports and Intelligence Activities" 9116: 9114: 9001: 7771: 7769: 7675:. London, UK: Pluto Press. pp. 30–43. 7366: 7334: 7213:"Olympic Marketing Fact File, 2011 Edition" 6419: 6376:International Society of Olympic Historians 6247: 6213:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5717:"IOC votes to start Youth Olympics in 2010" 5036:The Modern Olympics: A Struggle for Revival 4958:Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement 4915:"Histoire et évolution des Jeux olympiques" 4601:. Classics Technology Center, AbleMedia.com 4480:The Olympic Games: The First Thousand Years 4328: 4219:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 3789: 3449:Women were first allowed to compete at the 2322:The practice of awarding Olympic medals at 2043: 1465:philanthropic contributions of corporations 1453:International Society of Olympic Historians 649: 25618: 25604: 25566: 23892: 23878: 23290: 23276: 22622: 22608: 21745: 21731: 16217: 16203: 15474: 15460: 14114: 14100: 14020: 12907: 12893: 12806: 12368: 11897: 11895: 11893: 11891: 11640:"Medals of Beijing Olympic Games Unveiled" 10918:"Russia Grand Prix Figure Skating Valieva" 10478: 10448: 10171: 10146: 10144: 10099:. World Anti-Doping Agency. Archived from 9956:"1968: Black athletes make silent protest" 9410: 8764:. Vancouver, British Columbia. p. 25. 8250:. Season 22. Episode 7. 26 July 2016. HBO. 8020:"Olympic Marketing Fact File 2024 Edition" 7119:"London Wins 2012 Olympics; New York Lags" 6337: 6073: 5682: 5395:. Utah Athletic Foundation. Archived from 5347: 5194: 5126: 5124: 5105:. Wenlock Olympian Society. Archived from 4710: 4566:(13 March 2018). "Ancient Olympic Games". 4347: 3983: 3769:in swimming (both from Russia to France). 3202:'s plans for a statewide doping system in 2561:countries eroded the ideology of the pure 2550:. Swiss and Austrian skiers boycotted the 2035:on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol. 1634:in Spain were also a source of criticism. 1630:and corruption. Samaranch's ties with the 1548:organisation of the Olympic Movement, the 1118:encompass other winter activities. At the 1031: 849:In 1850, an Olympian Class was started by 531:: gold, silver, and bronze, respectively. 468:Olympics; large-scale boycotts during the 293: 279: 27288:Athletic culture based on Greek antiquity 16224: 12496: 12460: 12439: 12371:"Panhellenic Cults and Panhellenic Poets" 12260:Krüger, Arnd; Murray, William J. (2003). 11945: 11801: 11241: 10556: 10157:. University of Texas Press. p. 66. 9301: 9299: 9297: 8671:"Medal ceremony hostess outfits unveiled" 7695: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7009: 6812: 6397: 6151: 6034: 5906:"Curtain comes down on 123rd IOC Session" 5714: 5132:"Rugby School motivated founder of Games" 5006: 4823: 4682: 4680: 4613: 4582: 4490: 4242:in June, but did not attend the Games in 3485:sent female athletes for the first time; 3403:2022 Russian Figure Skating Championships 3268: 3198:In 2016, documents obtained revealed the 2516:of the aristocracy as exemplified in the 2096:, ignites a torch by placing it inside a 2064:OP, for a Paris youth gathering of 1891. 1455:was founded in 1991, which publishes the 1155:, France; after that, beginning with the 436:prompted the IOC to shift away from pure 24150:University International Sports Festival 12838:) is being considered for deletion. See 12645: 12586:. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics. p. 12296:. University of Missouri Press. p. 12287: 12140:Critical Reflections on Olympic Ideology 12114: 10954: 10846: 10773: 10745: 10235: 9930:"The Role of Sports in The Soviet Union" 9686: 9111: 8645:"Symbols and Traditions: Medal ceremony" 8124: 8053:"Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 7766: 7631: 7629: 7613: 7592: 6642: 6449:Tilcsik A, Marquis C (1 February 2013). 6020: 6018: 6016: 5630: 5461: 5359: 5062: 4871: 4762: 4011: 3999: 3803: 3430: 3124: 2984:, though they used the Games to display 2943: 2918: 2687: 2675: 2663: 2651: 2639: 2483: 2282: 2254: 2207: 2115: 1991: 1857: 1172: 1097: 1041: 987: 899: 825: 771: 568: 14010: 14008: 14006: 14004: 13885: 12623: 12426: 12235:Historical Dictionary of Figure Skating 12156: 12052: 11888: 11854: 11820: 11738: 11515: 11071: 10981:"Arab women make breakthrough at Games" 10957:"Bar countries that ban women athletes" 10870: 10721: 10511: 10141: 9782: 9564: 8794: 8753: 8208:"The Olympic flame and the torch relay" 7900: 7741: 7670: 7537: 7531: 7268:"No more Kodak moments in the Olympics" 7089: 7038:"IOC: A tangled web of wealth, mystery" 5964: 5656: 5121: 4811: 4740:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.4544 4106:Art competitions at the Summer Olympics 3800:List of multiple Olympic gold medalists 3741:In October 2023, the IOC suspended the 3493:in equestrian. Both athletes were from 3366:. Russia was partially banned from the 1853: 1806:first sponsored the Summer Olympics in 1624:resisting the exclusion of South Africa 1572:Fédération Internationale de Volleyball 1245:made the following statement about the 519:. Over 14,000 athletes competed at the 384:defines their structure and authority. 333:from around the world participate in a 14: 27275: 23899: 12712:Simson, Vyv; Jennings, Andrew (1992). 12548: 12212: 12137: 12095:. Athens: Charles Beck. Archived from 11605: 11409:from the original on 14 November 2020. 11186: 11044: 10905:from the original on 16 November 2023. 10883:from the original on 26 February 2022. 10667: 10651:. Nation / Olympics / Sports / World. 10501:from the original on 17 December 2016. 10121: 10070:. Sports-reference.com. Archived from 9834: 9755: 9294: 9152: 9043: 8200: 7931: 7635: 7571: 7422: 7352:Anne Cooper-Chen, ed. (23 June 2005). 7180: 7115: 6887: 6270: 6256: 5991: 5527: 5471:. Government of Canada. Archived from 5229:L'affaire Zappa; Conflit Gréco-Roumain 5222: 5138:. Reuters. 7 July 2004. Archived from 5074: 4799: 4677: 4135:Participation of women in the Olympics 3757:in wrestling (from Russia to Serbia), 3477:became the first women to compete for 3427:Participation of women in the Olympics 1966:broadcast slots of the United States. 1473:Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions 1403:used some of the profits to endow the 25599: 25415: 25394:Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR 25339:Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR 25198:Wenlock Olympian Society Annual Games 25122: 24777: 24338: 23911: 23873: 23271: 22603: 21726: 20160: 16237: 16198: 15455: 14095: 13884: 13476: 12888: 12577: 12398: 12238:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. 12231: 12185:Girginov, Vassil; Parry, Jim (2005). 11718: 11373: 11053:from the original on 28 December 2014 10797: 10573:from the original on 17 December 2017 10512:Ostlere, Lawrence (9 December 2016). 10258: 9877: 9756:Bernas, Frederick (5 December 2009). 9620:"Moscow 1980:Cold War, Cold Shoulder" 9012:"Golf, rugby added for 2016 and 2020" 8456:from the original on 6 September 2008 8296: 7810: 7792:from the original on 1 September 2008 7626: 7543: 7010:Macintyre, Donald (1 February 1999). 6904:from the original on 12 November 2012 6568: 6507: 6311: 6297:Centre for Canadian Baseball Research 6119:from the original on 10 December 2022 6104: 6013: 5973:from the original on 22 February 2014 5176:. The International Olympic Committee 4659: 4447:An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon 3996:List of Olympic medals by host nation 3420: 2420:, first appeared on the programme as 2278: 2245:President of the Organizing Committee 1941:in 1968. The global audience for the 1645:bid committee for the hosting of the 1597:Allegations of bribery and corruption 1529:both the 2024 Games to Paris and the 1394:Where ambitious construction for the 1324:The IOC has allowed the formation of 1296:Over 14,000 athletes competed at the 1291: 1237:Two years before the 2012 Games, the 1142:. Although, it was intended that the 349:every two years during the four-year 27:Major international multi-sport event 24417:Central American and Caribbean Games 22582: 14074: 14001: 13989: 13008:Medal table leaders by Olympic Games 12669:The Golden Book of the Olympic Games 12667:Kamper, Erich; Mallon, Bill (1992). 12032:Buchanon, Ian; Mallon, Bill (2006). 11693:. The Olympic Museum. Archived from 11176:from the original on 15 August 2009. 11026:Wallechinsky, David (29 July 2008). 10485:Ruiz, Rebecca R. (9 December 2016). 10484: 10422: 10402: 10180: 10150: 9867:. Vol. 24.1. 1976. p. 286. 9856: 9179:"Symbols and traditions: Amateurism" 8167:"The IP journey of an Olympic Games" 7723:from the original on 31 October 2010 7652:from the original on 8 December 2017 7614:Zaccardi, Nick (24 September 2013). 7247: 6869:from the original on 5 December 2008 5688: 5580: 5449:. International Paralympic Committee 4978:A Brief History of the Olympic Games 4625:A Brief History of the Olympic Games 4280: 4278: 4276: 3782:, and an American-born snowboarder, 3761:in cycling (from Russia to Israel), 3622:in Beijing. Both American President 3597: 3272: 3065:had controversially taken the gold, 1969: 1813: 1771:Under national organising committees 1765: 1730:, headed by former Olympic champion 1379: 392:for athletes with disabilities, the 26313:Indigenous North American stickball 25578: 25133:(in order, from 1900 BC to 1859 AD) 24664:Games of the Small States of Europe 24654:European Universities Championships 24542:Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games 24413:Central American and the Caribbean 12671:. Milan: Vallardi & Associati. 11721:"Britain may aim for third in 2012" 11608:"The Year of the Mercenary Athlete" 11386:from the original on 26 March 2023. 11242:Goldsmith, Belinda (28 July 2012). 11187:Mather, Victor (21 February 2018). 11166:"Women's boxing gains Olympic spot" 10989:. 23 September 2000. Archived from 10746:Thompson, Anna (11 February 2022). 10668:Dunbar, Graham (17 December 2020). 10382:"IOC Orders Belarus to Return Gold" 10205:from the original on 15 August 2016 10181:Ruiz, Rebecca R. (13 August 2016). 9758:"Olympic challenge for Sochi Games" 9730:from the original on 22 August 2009 9510:American Review of Canadian Studies 9453:from the original on 15 August 2012 9387:. 15 September 1976. Archived from 9267: 8754:Ogilvie, Claire (18 October 2006). 8290: 6281:. Louisville, Kentucky. p. E2. 6267:. Louisville, Kentucky. p. E1. 4877: 4236:equestrian events of the 1956 Games 2787:, composed of athletes coming from 2775:boycotted the Games because of the 2600:Canadian Amateur Hockey Association 2582:, but only in the 1990s, after the 2466:from the official programme of the 2250: 2203: 1962:), which coincide with the evening 1659:United States Department of Justice 558: 356:Their creation was inspired by the 341:, they have alternated between the 329:competitions in which thousands of 34:. For the ancient Greek games, see 24: 25518:Russian–Chinese Winter Youth Games 21752: 12731:Stromberg, Joseph (24 July 2012). 12616: 12068:. University of California Press. 11399:"The Threat to the Games in Spain" 11203:from the original on 11 March 2018 11136:from the original on 17 July 2012. 11084:from the original on 28 June 2015. 11015:from the original on 19 July 2004. 10777:; Keh, Andrew (12 February 2022). 9988:. 8 September 2004. Archived from 9927: 9837:"Jesse Owens Dies of Cancer at 66" 9134:from the original on 13 April 2021 8866:"International Sports Federations" 8297:Belam, Martin (14 November 2022). 8069:from the original on 12 April 2010 7248:Paul, Franklin (12 October 2007). 7181:Berkes, Howard (7 February 2006). 7152:"Paris Mayor Slams London Tactics" 7046:. St. Louis, Missouri. p. 24. 6965:from the original on 23 March 2018 6766:from the original on 13 March 2021 6131: 5279:. Sports Reference. Archived from 4686: 4101:All-time Olympic Games medal table 3334:Russia at the 2016 Summer Olympics 3330:Russia at the 2014 Winter Olympics 3115:Use of performance-enhancing drugs 1513:and Beijing, China who hosted the 1224:International Paralympic Committee 1210:and came to be known as the first 1051:Washington University in St. Louis 25: 27319: 25416: 24685:Australian Youth Olympic Festival 22547:Venues of the Youth Olympic Games 20161: 16238: 13477: 13455:1906 Intercalated Games 12914: 12842:to help reach a consensus. › 12793: 12019:. International Olympic Committee 11783:. International Olympic Committee 10871:Goodwin, Sam (22 February 2022). 10462:. 9 December 2016. Archived from 10362:from the original on 28 July 2012 10122:Begley, Sharon (7 January 2008). 10022:from the original on 1 March 2022 9783:Doherty, Erin (3 February 2022). 9644:. International Olympic Committee 9600:. International Olympic Committee 9420:. International Olympic Committee 9249:from the original on 12 July 2021 9217:from the original on 12 July 2021 9081:. International Olympic Committee 8868:. International Olympic Committee 8804:. International Olympic Committee 7636:Draper, Kevin (7 December 2017). 7593:Zaccardi, Nick (12 August 2014). 6652:. International Olympic Committee 6074:Abrahamson, Alan (25 July 2004). 5554:"Rogge wants Youth Olympic Games" 5469:"History of the Paralympic Games" 5335:from the original on 31 July 2008 4921:(in French). 2005. Archived from 4726:(7 March 2016). "Olympic Games". 4273: 3990:List of Olympic Games host cities 3645:, Germany, eleven members of the 3075:Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia 2735:There were three boycotts of the 1754:, closely connected to the rival 1674:It was reported in 1999 that the 1134:, France, in connection with the 763:List of Olympic Games host cities 654:, "stage"), which later became a 491:The Olympic Movement consists of 27260: 25577: 25565: 25554: 25553: 25329:Games of the New Emerging Forces 23854: 23828: 23802: 23776: 23756: 23738: 23720: 23702: 23684: 23666: 23648: 23630: 23612: 23594: 23576: 23558: 23540: 23522: 23504: 23486: 23468: 23450: 23432: 23414: 23374: 23356: 23338: 23320: 23257:; Postponed to 2021 due to the 23230: 23212: 23195: 23179: 23161: 23145: 23127: 23111: 23093: 23075: 23057: 23039: 23023: 23005: 22987: 22969: 22951: 22933: 22915: 22897: 22879: 22863: 22823: 22805: 22787: 22771: 22753: 22724: 22706: 22688: 22670: 22652: 22581: 22570: 22569: 22556: 21707: 16177: 15436: 14073: 14062: 14061: 14049: 13935: 13697: 13338:Art competitions at the Olympics 13155:lighters of the Olympic cauldron 12973:International sports federations 12266:. University of Illinois Press. 11978: 11927: 11795: 11712: 11680: 11658: 11606:Larmer, Brook (19 August 2008). 11585: 11571: 11553: 11535: 11521: 11443: 11413: 11390: 11367: 11335: 11309: 11272: 11261: 11235: 11215: 11180: 11158: 11140: 11118: 11088: 11038: 11019: 10997: 10973: 10932: 10909: 10864: 10840: 10812: 10798:Lonas, Lexi (12 February 2022). 10791: 10767: 10739: 10715: 10687: 10661: 10637: 10611: 10585: 10550: 10524: 10403:Jett, Jennifer (2 August 2024). 10396: 10374: 10336: 10304: 10278: 10259:Coile, Zachary (27 April 2005). 10252: 10236:Montague, James (23 July 2012). 10229: 10115: 10097:"A Brief History of Anti-Doping" 10060: 10034: 10004: 9974: 9921: 9883: 9828: 9802: 9776: 9749: 9712: 9656: 9590: 9574:. Chinaorbit.com. Archived from 9528: 9501: 9465: 9373: 9343: 9321: 9313:. 4 January 1970. Archived from 9261: 9229: 9197: 9157:. University of Illinois Press. 9146: 9093: 9071: 9049: 8892: 8858: 8816: 8768: 8747: 8717: 8691: 8663: 8617: 8595: 8565: 8539: 8507: 8442: 8254: 8236: 8184: 8159: 8118: 8045: 8012: 7987: 7961: 7925: 7894: 7868: 7842: 7816: 7742:Walters, John (2 October 2000). 7735: 7701: 7664: 7607: 7586: 7565: 7495: 7465: 7304: 7286: 7260: 7241: 7174: 7144: 7132:from the original on 29 May 2015 7109: 7090:Rowlatt, Justin (29 July 2004). 7050: 7029: 7003: 6977: 6916: 6881: 6849: 6522:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2008.00785.x 6459:Administrative Science Quarterly 6436:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02407.x 6271:Cengel, Katya (10 August 2008). 6257:Cengel, Katya (10 August 2008). 5715:Michaelis, Vicky (5 July 2007). 4838:"The Olympic Games in Antiquity" 4329:Alan Riding (12 February 1993). 4234:Switzerland participated in the 4228: 4215:Great Britain's athletes in 1904 4207: 4194: 4085: 4073: 4061: 3944:. Competitors from 12 nations — 3913:. Competitors from five nations— 3773:Reasons for changing citizenship 3415:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 3277: 3175:According to British journalist 3050:Olympic Project for Human Rights 2996:, who won four gold medals, and 2966:Olympic Project for Human Rights 2618: 2429:international sports federations 493:international sports federations 57: 25625: 25508:European Youth Olympic Festival 25123: 24644:European Youth Olympic Festival 24479:South American University Games 24454:North American Indigenous Games 24272:UCI Cycling World Championships 24116:International Youth Green Games 12038:. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. 11939:International Olympic Committee 11719:Munro, James (25 August 2008). 11374:Senor, Juan I. (1 April 1992). 10901:. NBC Sports. 23 October 2022. 10345:"Anti-Doping Results Announced" 10016:International Olympic Committee 9473:"Africa and the XXIst Olympiad" 7932:Carter, Bill (24 August 2008). 7901:Coskrey, Jason (28 July 2021). 7709:"World Series TV ratings slump" 6778: 6748: 6722: 6696: 6627:International Olympic Committee 6614: 6588: 6562: 6536: 6501: 6442: 6413: 6391: 6363: 6285: 6221: 6192: 6098: 5992:Gibson, Owen (9 October 2013). 5965:Sudakov, Dmitry (8 June 2008). 5958: 5928: 5898: 5872: 5846: 5814: 5788: 5762: 5748: 5734: 5708: 5689:Wade, Stephen (25 April 2007). 5604: 5574: 5521: 5487: 5439: 5411: 5385: 5321: 5295: 5269: 5244: 5216: 5188: 5166: 5095: 4829: 4768: 4716: 4653: 4591: 4556: 4528: 4169: 4156: 3890: 3185:International Olympic Committee 2598:Near the end of the 1960s, the 2588:International Olympic Committee 2578:, to allowing participation of 2427:Olympic sports are governed by 2408:. Current Olympic sports, like 2291:with (from left to right): the 2015:(is considered one continent), 1899:International Olympic Committee 1651:United States Olympic Committee 1550:International Olympic Committee 1543:International Olympic Committee 1537:International Olympic Committee 1220:International Olympic Committee 1087: 960:International Olympic Committee 909:International Olympic Committee 781:International Olympic Committee 756: 456:led to the cancellation of the 370:International Olympic Committee 25498:National Winter Games of China 25319:Far Eastern Championship Games 24120:International Children's Games 23852:Cancelled due to World War II 14629:St. Vincent and the Grenadines 14143:Nations at the Winter Olympics 14138:Nations at the Summer Olympics 13145:People who opened the Olympics 12631:. New York and London: Verso. 12377:. Cambridge University Press. 12123:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 11045:MacKay, Duncan (1 July 2010). 11005:"Afghan women's Olympic dream" 9622:. Deutsche Welle. 31 July 2008 8547:"The Olympic Flags and Emblem" 8248:Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel 7544:Crupi, Anthony (7 June 2011). 7454:The Commercialisation of Sport 6704:"For the Good of the Athletes" 6569:Abend, Lisa (3 October 2014). 6273:"Olympics (Continued from E1)" 5040:Johns Hopkins University Press 4514:Tony Perrottet (8 June 2004). 4478:; H.W. Pleket (14 June 1976). 4399: 4375: 4322: 4298: 4259: 4147: 3747:Court of Arbitration for Sport 3723: 3411:Court of Arbitration for Sport 3384:Court of Arbitration for Sport 3008:did not participate until the 2866:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 2636:List of Olympic Games boycotts 2594:Team Canada ice hockey dispute 2474:Amateurism and professionalism 2080:Months before each Games, the 1655:Salt Lake Organizing Committee 1261: 1162: 938:in 1859, which was held in an 767: 683:events. Tradition has it that 517:opening and closing ceremonies 13: 1: 24373:West African University Games 24065:Lumberjack World Championship 14026:Postponed to 2021 due to the 13183:Olympic Broadcasting Services 12827: 12446:. University of Texas Press. 12217:. University of Texas Press. 12215:Greek Sport and Social Status 11072:Hubbard, Alan (4 July 2010). 10955:Al-Ahmed, Ali (19 May 2008). 10432:December 2016. Archived from 9743:The Christian Science Monitor 9079:"Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936" 7620:Olympictalk | NBC Sports 7383:"Issues of the Olympic Games" 6949:"Marketing Matters, Issue 21" 6928:2002 Winter Olympics coverage 6888:Riding, Alan (30 June 1992). 6730:"National Olympic Committees" 6510:Journal of Management Studies 5942:. 1 July 2011. Archived from 5912:. 9 July 2011. Archived from 5232:(in French). Paris: L. Larose 4886:400 Years of Olimpick Passion 4522:Random House Trade Paperbacks 4252: 3853:single-elimination tournament 3842:in his 12 events at the 3834:and 20 km, winning nine 3299:related to non-recent events. 3290:slanted towards recent events 2952:(center) and bronze medalist 2820:its national rugby union team 2692:Countries that boycotted the 2680:Countries that boycotted the 2668:Countries that boycotted the 2656:Countries that boycotted the 2644:Countries that boycotted the 2586:and its influence within the 2192: 1868:cartoon published during the 1396:1976 Summer Games in Montreal 1066:Louisiana Purchase Exposition 977: 886:International Olympic Charter 472:limited participation in the 25987:International rules football 24778: 24339: 24226:World Eskimo Indian Olympics 15309:Olympic Athletes from Russia 12773:Wallechinsky, David (2005). 12288:Matthews, George R. (2005). 12157:Gershon, Richard A. (2000). 11941:(Press release). 2 May 2019. 11461:. 3 May 2011. Archived from 9335:. 7 May 2004. Archived from 8824:"Olympic Sports of the Past" 8483:"Closing Ceremony Factsheet" 8271:. April 2011. Archived from 7572:Armour, Nancy (7 May 2014). 7222:. p. 18. Archived from 7116:Zinser, Lynn (7 July 2005). 7058:"Sun sets on Salt Lake City" 5419:"History of the Paralympics" 3657:in what is now known as the 3532:" to the 2012 Summer Games. 3467:Mariam Mohamed Hadi Al Hilli 3376:Olympic Athletes from Russia 3248:In 1999, the IOC formed the 3107:In 2022, in the wake of the 2891:called for a boycott of the 2870:Los Angeles Olympics of 1984 2584:collapse of the Soviet Union 2548:outside of the 30-day period 2488:The Gold medal game between 1865:Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung 992:The opening ceremony of the 812:L'Olympiade de la République 7: 24669:International Erasmus Games 24659:European Universities Games 24634:European Para Championships 24368:All-Africa University Games 24130:World Interuniversity Games 24101:FISU World University Games 24085:World Police and Fire Games 15483:Sports at the Olympic Games 14123:National Olympic Committees 13732:1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 13162:Keepers of the Olympic flag 12706:Journal of Cold War Studies 12690:. Edward Elgar Publishing. 12652:. Lanham: Scarecrow Presz. 12344:Porterfield, Jason (2008). 11863:XVI Olympiad Melbourne 1956 11745:Charles J.P. Lucas (1905). 10265:The San Francisco Chronicle 9746:. Retrieved 18 August 2008. 9351:"Summit Series '72 Summary" 8577:The San Diego Union-Tribune 7071:"Games (Continued From A1)" 6398:Greenwell M (August 2016). 6299:. St. Mary's, Ontario. 2023 5528:Gibson, Owen (4 May 2010). 5303:"St. Louis 1904 – Overview" 4728:Oxford Classical Dictionary 4047: 3698:American domestic terrorist 3626:and Russian Prime Minister 3489:competed in taekwondo, and 3479:Afghanistan at the Olympics 3109:Russian invasion of Ukraine 3004:, blunted the message. The 2914: 2629: 2158:, when the Soviet bear cub 2146:, an animal, a human or an 1578:National Olympic Committees 1407:to promote youth sports in 1326:National Olympic Committees 882:British Olympic Association 801:British Olympic Association 584:The Ancient Olympic Games ( 497:National Olympic Committees 10: 27324: 25482:Winter World Masters Games 24736:Asia Pacific Masters Games 24484:South American Youth Games 24474:South American Beach Games 23912: 14125:that have competed at the 13350:Scandals and controversies 12716:. New York: S.P.I. Books. 12500:Sport and leisure cultures 12461:Swaddling, Judith (2000). 12440:Swaddling, Judith (1999). 12008: 11688:"The Modern Olympic Games" 10599:. Reuters. 9 December 2019 9536:"Game playing in Montreal" 9418:"Melbourne/Stockholm 1956" 8134:Journal of Olympic History 8040:Buchanon & Mallon 2006 7417:Buchanon & Mallon 2006 6105:Leahy, Joe (7 July 2016). 5581:Rice, John (5 July 2007). 5277:"1896 Athina Summer Games" 4569:World History Encyclopedia 4431: 4111:List of multi-sport events 3993: 3987: 3894: 3885: 3796:Lists of Olympic medalists 3793: 3677:in the Catalonian city of 3649:were taken hostage by the 3610:were cancelled because of 3541:Institute for Gulf Affairs 3424: 3399:Russian Anti-Doping Agency 3315: 3118: 2781:People's Republic of China 2722:Olympic Council of Ireland 2633: 2622: 2477: 2341: 2196: 1985: 1981: 1540: 1457:Journal of Olympic History 1383: 1265: 1199:. Originally known as the 1166: 1091: 1035: 981: 895: 760: 687:, a cook from the city of 641: 589: 562: 144:Scandals and controversies 29: 27160: 27115: 27087: 26955: 26781: 26605: 26512: 26380: 26273: 26264: 26229: 26111: 26020: 25966: 25900: 25848:Australian rules football 25776: 25765: 25670: 25661: 25633: 25530: 25490: 25424: 25411: 25274: 25211: 25141:Tailteann Games (ancient) 25129: 25118: 25093: 24938: 24858: 24791: 24784: 24773: 24744:Indian Ocean Island Games 24713: 24677: 24639:European Para Youth Games 24604: 24504: 24402:Junior Pan American Games 24381: 24345: 24334: 24249: 24158: 24093: 24052: 23970: 23918: 23907: 23850: 23308: 23247: 22640: 22541: 22399: 22366:Short track speed skating 22308: 22257: 22248: 22069: 21878: 21792: 21783: 21760: 21704: 21567: 21519: 21386: 21333: 21277:Short track speed skating 21275: 21142: 21049: 20911: 20853: 20706: 20653: 20520: 20392: 20289: 20171: 20156: 19999: 19856: 19703: 19682: 19594: 19556: 19513: 19420: 19377: 19319: 19256: 19098: 19060: 18912: 18764: 18741: 18708: 18555: 18541: 18523: 18485: 18347: 18324: 18241: 18223: 18140: 17982: 17949: 17801: 17668: 17510: 17367: 17219: 17061: 17043: 17025: 16912: 16769: 16731: 16713: 16600: 16557: 16504: 16346: 16248: 16233: 16167: 16016: 15920: 15841: 15801: 15785: 15735:Short track speed skating 15684: 15489: 15433: 15327: 15314:Russian Olympic Committee 15286: 15183: 14910: 14679: 14439: 14158: 14133: 14043: 13984: 13944: 13933: 13893: 13880: 13706: 13695: 13483: 13472: 13397: 13330: 13302:Pierre de Coubertin Medal 13230: 13170: 13130: 13088: 13053: 12981: 12948: 12944: 12922: 12563:10.1017/S1062798704000365 12464:The Ancient Olympic Games 12443:The Ancient Olympic Games 12402:Mega-Events and Modernity 12369:Richardson, N.J. (1992). 12347:Doping:Athletes and Drugs 11956:"Choice of the Host City" 11380:Christian Science Monitor 9865:Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya 9724:Christian Science Monitor 9522:10.1080/02722019109481098 8900:"Factsheet: The sessions" 7183:"How Turin got the Games" 6259:"Olympics: beyond sports" 5393:"Winter Olympics History" 5087:Girginov & Parry 2005 3956:, France, Great Britain, 3743:Russian Olympic Committee 3729:IOC rules for citizenship 2527:mens sana in corpore sano 2445:2020 Summer Olympic Games 2337: 2328:1930 British Empire Games 1947:Los Angeles Games of 1984 1829: 1582:Russian Olympic Committee 1560:International Federations 1386:Cost of the Olympic Games 916:Greek War of Independence 366:Baron Pierre de Coubertin 139:Pierre de Coubertin Medal 25477:New Zealand Winter Games 25344:Tailteann Games (modern) 25294:Asian Martial Arts Games 24964:National Peasants' Games 24196:Islamic Solidarity Games 24140:Commonwealth Youth Games 24135:World School Sport Games 24109:World School Sport Games 24080:World Firefighters Games 24060:International Army Games 24044:World Abilitysport Games 23861:Olympic Games portal 21714:Olympic Games portal 16184:Olympic Games portal 15443:Olympic Games portal 14206:Central African Republic 13866:2034 Salt Lake City–Utah 13312:Olympic Diploma of Merit 12840:templates for discussion 12497:Tomlinson, Alan (2005). 12232:Hines, James R. (2011). 11748:The Olympic Games – 1904 10460:World Anti-Doping Agency 10151:Hunt, Thomas M. (2011). 9402:Krüger & Murray 2003 9153:Cervin, Georgia (2021). 8417:The Modern Olympic Games 8127:"The Story of the Rings" 6472:10.1177/0001839213475800 4776:"Ancient Olympic Events" 4141: 3790:Champions and medallists 3767:Anastasiia Kirpichnikova 3681:that killed ten people. 3407:World Anti-Doping Agency 3370:and was banned from the 3250:World Anti-Doping Agency 3233:where Canadian sprinter 2978:National Socialist Party 2287:A medal ceremony at the 2212:Opening ceremony of the 2185:wore at the time of the 1958:) and Tokyo (during the 1362:Aruban Olympic Committee 1278:first Summer Youth Games 1062:Paris Exposition in 1900 974:as its first president. 952:Wenlock Olympian Society 783:and its second president 40:Olympic (disambiguation) 25442:Winter University Games 25188:Cotswold Olimpick Games 25084:National Games (Taiwan) 24731:Asia Pacific Deaf Games 24459:North American Outgames 24302:World Mind Sports Games 24257:CSIT World Sports Games 24201:Jeux de la Francophonie 12815:Harold Maurice Abrahams 12399:Roche, Maurice (2000). 11781:"Olympic Medal Winners" 11455:Daily Hampshire Gazette 9891:"The USSR and Olympism" 8625:Harold Maurice Abrahams 8140:: 29–61. Archived from 8125:Lennartz, Karl (2002). 7272:disruptiveinnovation.se 7043:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 5034:David C. Young (1996). 4836:Olympic Museum (2007). 4732:Oxford University Press 4312:. L.A. Times Archives. 4286:Harold Maurice Abrahams 4185:1988 Winter Paralympics 3984:Host nations and cities 3976:, Switzerland, and the 3522:Qatar Olympic Committee 3359:Olympic medals stripped 3353:has a systemic nature. 3206:in preparation for the 3020:. It was not until the 2862:Moscow Olympics in 1980 2737:1956 Melbourne Olympics 2350:Olympic Games programme 2332:Melville Marks Robinson 2045:Citius, Altius, Fortius 1685:In July 2000, when the 1527:simultaneously awarding 1230:in Beijing, and at the 1178:1964 Summer Paralympics 1082:1906 Intercalated Games 1032:Changes and adaptations 868:Between 1862 and 1867, 702:stood in his temple at 335:variety of competitions 24629:European Championships 24624:European Masters Games 24584:East Asian Youth Games 24567:ASEAN University Games 24422:Central American Games 24407:Americas Masters Games 24397:Parapan American Games 24231:World Indigenous Games 24221:World Transplant Games 23381:Garmisch-Partenkirchen 15420:United Team of Germany 14953:Bosnia and Herzegovina 14492:British Virgin Islands 13761:1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 13745:1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo 13440:Olympic Esports Series 13389:Participation of women 12777:. SportClassic Books. 12758:. SportClassic Books. 12646:Buchanan, Ian (2001). 12582:Social Issues in Sport 12138:Eassom, Simon (1994). 12119:Sport in Ancient Times 12017:"All Games since 1896" 11962:. 2009. Archived from 11421:"Olympic Park Bombing" 10384:. ESPN. 13 August 2012 9835:Litsky, Frank (1980), 9572:"ChinaOlympic History" 9057:"Jim Thorpe Biography" 8269:Olympic Studies Centre 7451:, ed. (9 March 2005). 6809:, p. 53, Rule 24. 6650:"The Olympic Movement" 5305:. ESPN. Archived from 4724:Nicholas J. Richardson 4663:. "Book VII: Elis 1". 4021: 4009: 3847: 3446: 3269:Russian doping scandal 3241:) tested positive for 3219:Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall 3144: 3048:of Australia, wore an 2973: 2941: 2901:2008 South Ossetia war 2876:, in July and August. 2852:In 1980 and 1984, the 2839:Pierre Elliott Trudeau 2697: 2685: 2673: 2661: 2649: 2509: 2307: 2267: 2235:, which was hosted in 2220: 2199:Olympic Games ceremony 2139: 2078: 2044: 2000: 1943:1968 Mexico City Games 1891:following Winter Games 1878: 1824:Juan Antonio Samaranch 1607:Juan Antonio Samaranch 1420:power-law distribution 1282:inaugural Winter Games 1259: 1201:Stoke Mandeville Games 1184: 1114: 1057: 1004: 911: 863:Wenlock Olympian Games 835: 811: 784: 650: 581: 434:abuse of amateur rules 322: 38:. For other uses, see 27161:Other non-ball sports 27125:Synchronized swimming 26707:Mesoamerican ballgame 25892:Circle rules football 25513:Winter X Games Europe 25389:Spartakiad of Albania 25354:Women's Islamic Games 25309:Central African Games 25151:Ancient Olympic Games 22011:Synchronized swimming 19258:Synchronized swimming 15395:Serbia and Montenegro 15294:Independent Olympians 14366:São Tomé and Príncipe 13460:Ancient Olympic Games 13290:summer (2000-present) 13030:Incentives by country 11518:, pp. 2114–2116. 11228:Associated Press News 10877:Yahoo Sport Australia 8094:"The Olympic Symbols" 8027:stillmed.olympics.com 7012:"Japan's Sullied Bid" 6406:(Paper). p. 19. 6400:"Olympics Everywhere" 5854:"The Olympic Charter" 5495:"IPC-IOC Cooperation" 5204:(in French). Athens: 5161:Coubertin et al. 1897 4990:10.1002/9780470774823 4778:. Perseus Project of 4637:10.1002/9780470774823 4438:Liddell, Henry George 4015: 4003: 3830:at distances between 3807: 3794:Further information: 3712:and honour guards of 3665:, Spain, to host the 3495:Dubai's ruling family 3463:Fatema Hameed Gerashi 3453:in Paris, but at the 3434: 3316:Further information: 3128: 2947: 2922: 2883:, and in response to 2691: 2679: 2667: 2655: 2643: 2580:professional athletes 2518:English public school 2487: 2478:Further information: 2286: 2258: 2211: 2119: 2101:Olympic symbol since 2073: 1995: 1861: 1444:sociocultural impacts 1255: 1176: 1120:1921 Olympic Congress 1101: 1045: 991: 903: 851:William Penny Brookes 834:, Shropshire, England 829: 803:, in its bid for the 775: 726:, which included the 575:Ancient Olympic Games 572: 565:Ancient Olympic Games 486:COVID-19 restrictions 446:corporate sponsorship 442:professional athletes 358:ancient Olympic Games 36:Ancient Olympic Games 27230:Synchronized skating 25781:Association football 25369:Cerebral Palsy Games 25251:Liberty Bell Classic 24969:National Youth Games 24469:South American Games 24267:Mind Sports Olympiad 24181:Croatian World Games 24070:Military World Games 23299:Winter Olympic Games 23253:; Cancelled due to 22631:Summer Olympic Games 22564:Olympic Games Portal 22391:Demonstration events 22331:Cross-country skiing 22056:Demonstration events 20522:Cross-country skiing 15921:Demonstration sports 15755:Cross-country skiing 15365:Netherlands Antilles 15319:Refugee Olympic Team 14887:United Arab Emirates 12996:All-time medal table 12737:Smithsonian Magazine 12375:The Fifth Century BC 12084:Coubertin, Pierre de 11465:on 27 September 2011 11459:The Associated Press 11295:The Associated Press 11049:. Inside the Games. 10850:(12 February 2022). 10674:The Associated Press 10647:(27 December 2019). 10645:The Associated Press 10356:The Associated Press 9986:The Associated Press 9674:on 12 September 2008 9317:on 20 February 2016. 9282:on 19 September 2016 9016:The Associated Press 8887:Olympic Charter 2007 8853:Olympic Charter 2007 8733:The Associated Press 8581:The Associated Press 7717:The Associated Press 7312:"The History of OXO" 7158:. UK. Archived from 6956:stillmed.olympic.org 6934:on 26 February 2002. 6833:Simon & Schuster 6807:Olympic Charter 2007 6423:The Economic Journal 6162:10.2139/ssrn.3686009 6045:10.2139/ssrn.2804554 5802:on 14 September 2008 5591:The Associated Press 5196:de Martens, Frédéric 5163:, p. 8, Part 2. 4982:Blackwell Publishing 4629:Blackwell Publishing 4343:on 12 February 2024. 4306:The Associated Press 4177:1988 Winter Olympics 3872:2004 Summer Olympics 3844:1924 Summer Olympics 3820:long-distance runner 3706:September 11 attacks 3702:2002 Winter Olympics 3686:1996 Summer Olympics 3667:1992 Summer Olympics 3647:Israeli Olympic team 3620:2008 Summer Olympics 3514:2012 Summer Olympics 3483:United Arab Emirates 3455:1992 Summer Olympics 3451:1900 Summer Olympics 3372:2018 Winter Olympics 3368:2016 Summer Olympics 3258:2002 Winter Olympics 3254:2000 Summer Olympics 3231:1988 Summer Olympics 3227:1968 Summer Olympics 3208:1984 Summer Olympics 3193:1980 Summer Olympics 3164:. A Danish cyclist, 3158:1960 Summer Olympics 3102:2004 Summer Olympics 3030:1968 Summer Olympics 3010:1952 Summer Olympics 2962:1968 Summer Olympics 2956:(right) showing the 2928:1936 Summer Olympics 2909:2022 Winter Olympics 2895:, set to be held in 2893:2014 Winter Olympics 2885:Tibetan disturbances 2694:1984 Summer Olympics 2682:1980 Summer Olympics 2670:1976 Summer Olympics 2658:1964 Summer Olympics 2646:1956 Summer Olympics 2552:1936 Winter Olympics 2498:1998 Winter Olympics 2422:demonstration sports 2382:Cross-country skiing 2289:2008 Summer Olympics 2261:2008 Summer Olympics 2241:2020 Summer Olympics 2233:2004 Summer Olympics 2214:2020 Summer Olympics 2174:Olympic Games is an 2156:1980 Summer Olympics 2029:1920 Summer Olympics 1960:2020 Summer Olympics 1956:2008 Summer Olympics 1951:1992 Summer Olympics 1887:1956 Winter Olympics 1883:1936 Summer Olympics 1854:Effect of television 1840:1984 Summer Olympics 1800:London Olympic Games 1777:1896 Summer Olympics 1748:2006 Winter Olympics 1728:London bid committee 1716:2012 Summer Olympics 1695:, Olympic historian 1647:2002 Winter Olympics 1641:from members of the 1523:2024 Summer Olympics 1515:2008 Summer Olympics 1499:2022 Winter Olympics 1477:2014 Winter Olympics 1366:Netherlands Antilles 1302:2022 Winter Olympics 1298:2020 Summer Olympics 1197:1948 London Olympics 1140:Winter Olympic Games 1108:1928 Winter Olympics 1094:Winter Olympic Games 1055:1904 Summer Olympics 1038:Summer Olympic Games 998:Panathinaiko Stadium 994:1896 Summer Olympics 984:1896 Summer Olympics 907:, co-founder of the 878:Charles Pierre Melly 817:Revolutionary France 779:, co-founder of the 525:2022 Winter Olympics 521:2020 Summer Olympics 32:2024 Summer Olympics 27130:Underwater football 26230:Other related codes 26022:Medieval/historical 25467:Arctic Winter Games 25374:South African Games 25334:Pacific Ocean Games 25275:Defunct regional or 25212:Alternatives to the 25130:Pre-Modern Olympics 24761:Mediterranean Games 24726:Arctic Winter Games 24579:Central Asian Games 24363:African Youth Games 24292:World Masters Games 24241:World Polonia Games 23962:Youth Olympic Games 22061:Discontinued events 15933:Australian football 15345:British West Indies 14639:Trinidad and Tobago 14619:St. Kitts and Nevis 14447:Antigua and Barbuda 13887:Youth Olympic Games 13852:2026 Milano Cortina 12752:Wallechinsky, David 12578:Woods, Ron (2007). 11700:on 6 September 2008 11646:on 3 September 2008 11581:. 30 November 2023. 11549:. 29 November 2023. 11355:on 23 February 2008 11032:The Huffington Post 10928:on 25 October 2022. 10725:(9 February 2022). 9668:Inter Press Service 9552:on 25 February 2009 9489:on 26 February 2008 9355:Hockey Hall of Fame 9046:, pp. 120–123. 8932:"Recognised Sports" 8834:on 18 December 2008 8782:on 26 February 2009 8244:"IOC Investigation" 7913:on 22 February 2022 7854:au.sports.yahoo.com 7828:The Huffington Post 7719:. 27 October 2000. 7503:"Cortina d'Ampezzo" 6630:. 13 September 2017 5509:on 8 September 2009 5224:Streit, Geōrgios S. 4549:National Geographic 4308:(14 October 1986). 3584:rhythmic gymnastics 3166:Knud Enemark Jensen 3059:Natalia Kuchinskaya 2905:diplomatic boycotts 2881:human rights record 2810:, because of their 2576:Pierre de Coubertin 2574:, as envisioned by 2522:Pierre de Coubertin 2520:greatly influenced 2378:artistic gymnastics 2223:As mandated by the 2054:Pierre de Coubertin 1923:Youth Olympic Games 1693:broadcasting rights 1409:Southern California 1268:Youth Olympic Games 1189:Sir Ludwig Guttmann 1028:was held in Paris. 1013:Konstantinos Zappas 968:University of Paris 956:Pierre de Coubertin 944:Panathenaic Stadium 932:King Otto of Greece 777:Pierre de Coubertin 394:Youth Olympic Games 323:Jeux olympiques, JO 174:Women participation 27303:Multi-sport events 26957:Net and wall games 26103:Uppies and downies 26007:Universal football 25858:Lightning football 25543:51 component games 25503:Asian Winter Games 25349:West African Games 25289:Asian Indoor Games 25261:Workers' Olympiads 25241:Inter-Allied Games 24700:Pacific Mini Games 24562:ASEAN School Games 24392:Pan American Games 24358:African Para Games 24282:World Combat Games 24216:Pan-Armenian Games 24176:Commonwealth Games 24125:SELL Student Games 24094:Youth and students 23901:Multi-sport events 15993:Swedish gymnastics 15793:Ski mountaineering 14544:Dominican Republic 12859:The New York Times 11531:. 12 October 2023. 11196:The New York Times 11172:. 13 August 2009. 11100:Sports Illustrated 10993:on 10 August 2004. 10962:The New York Times 10922:The Herald Journal 10784:The New York Times 10723:Brennan, Christine 10566:The New York Times 10494:The New York Times 10466:on 9 December 2016 10436:on 28 January 2017 10351:The New York Times 10324:on 25 January 2013 10292:on 1 December 2008 10190:The New York Times 10124:"The Drug Charade" 10046:The Indian Express 9842:The New York Times 9698:The Economic Times 9642:"Los Angeles 1984" 8735:. 12 February 2018 8515:"Closing Ceremony" 8495:on 16 October 2011 8278:on 16 October 2012 8055:The Olympic Effect 7939:The New York Times 7785:The New York Times 7748:Sports Illustrated 7645:The New York Times 7300:. 4 December 2015. 7125:The New York Times 7092:"Buying the Games" 6958:. IOC. June 2002. 6897:The New York Times 6710:on 23 January 2009 6550:. 17 December 2014 6319:"Robert K. Barney" 6086:on 5 November 2012 5946:on 15 January 2014 5916:on 2 November 2011 5776:. 23 February 2023 5427:. 4 September 2008 5399:on 12 January 2009 5136:Sports Illustrated 5109:on 23 January 2009 4517:The Naked Olympics 4484:Dover Publications 4358:"No Boycott Blues" 4336:The New York Times 4183:, Canada, and the 4022: 4010: 3848: 3763:Valeriia Liubimova 3616:Russo-Georgian War 3564:Maryam Yusuf Jamal 3539:, director of the 3447: 3421:Sex discrimination 3145: 3087:Two Thousand Words 3042:Black Power salute 2974: 2942: 2933:The New York Times 2753:Hungarian uprising 2698: 2686: 2674: 2662: 2650: 2510: 2308: 2279:Medal presentation 2268: 2221: 2140: 2001: 1879: 1848:interlocking rings 1712:: Buying the Games 1703:An August 2004, a 1292:21st-century Games 1185: 1115: 1058: 1005: 924:Panagiotis Soutsos 912: 836: 805:2012 Olympic Games 785: 640:" (Ancient Greek: 582: 480:Olympics; and the 27293:French inventions 27248: 27247: 27183:Combat (juggling) 26926:British baseball 26777: 26776: 26606:Other ball sports 26601: 26600: 26499:Underwater hockey 26260: 26259: 26043:Calcio fiorentino 25958:Canadian football 25911:American football 25593: 25592: 25526: 25525: 25407: 25406: 25359:World Youth Games 25256:People's Olympiad 25178:Panathenaic Games 25146:Panhellenic Games 25114: 25113: 24934: 24933: 24769: 24768: 24690:Micronesian Games 24589:South Asian Games 24547:Asian Youth Games 24537:Asian Beach Games 24330: 24329: 24317:World Urban Games 24312:World Skate Games 24307:World Nomad Games 24277:World Beach Games 24022:World Dwarf Games 24012:INAS Global Games 23867: 23866: 23788:Cortina d'Ampezzo 23457:Cortina d'Ampezzo 23265: 23264: 23259:COVID-19 pandemic 23249:Cancelled due to 22597: 22596: 22537: 22536: 22244: 22243: 21976:Modern pentathlon 21720: 21719: 21700: 21699: 20152: 20151: 19683:Water motorsports 18349:Modern pentathlon 16192: 16191: 16172:Paralympic sports 16154:Wheelchair racing 16139:Motorcycle racing 16129:Military exercise 16017:Unofficial sports 16008:Winter pentathlon 15928:American football 15912:Water motorsports 15599:Modern pentathlon 15500:Artistic swimming 15449: 15448: 15350:Republic of China 14241:Equatorial Guinea 14089: 14088: 14039: 14038: 14028:COVID-19 pandemic 14014:Cancelled due to 13995:Cancelled due to 13912:2018 Buenos Aires 13876: 13875: 13766:1960 Squaw Valley 13468: 13467: 13285:summer (pre-2000) 13255:Songs and anthems 12875:Database Olympics 12784:978-1-894963-45-9 12765:978-1-894963-32-9 12723:978-1-56171-199-4 12697:978-1-84376-893-7 12678:978-88-85202-35-1 12659:978-0-8108-4054-6 12638:978-1-784-78072-2 12597:978-0-7360-5872-8 12510:978-0-8166-3382-1 12474:978-0-292-70373-5 12453:978-0-292-77751-4 12412:978-0-415-15711-7 12384:978-0-521-23347-7 12361:978-1-4042-1917-5 12319:"Olympic Charter" 12307:978-0-8262-1588-8 12273:978-0-252-02815-1 12245:978-0-8108-6859-5 12224:978-0-292-71869-2 12198:978-0-415-34604-7 12170:978-0-8058-3002-6 12149:978-0-7714-1697-2 12130:978-0-275-98739-8 12075:978-0-520-05875-0 12045:978-0-8108-5574-8 11903:"Olympic Charter" 11876:on 8 January 2014 11620:on 19 August 2008 11497:on 7 October 2009 11485:"Olympic Charter" 11431:on 28 August 2008 11154:on 28 March 2014. 10654:The Seattle Times 10625:. 9 December 2019 10103:on 16 August 2011 9962:. 17 October 1968 9391:on 14 March 2016. 8855:, pp. 88–90. 8147:on 7 January 2016 7975:. 26 October 2006 7682:978-0-86104-769-7 7513:on 22 August 2008 7483:on 22 August 2008 7229:on 12 August 2011 6842:978-1-4165-3408-2 6762:. 4 August 2015. 6351:. 1 November 2022 6080:Los Angeles Times 5886:. 13 January 2011 5822:"Olympic Charter" 5670:on 21 August 2008 5142:on 23 August 2004 5065:, pp. 53–54. 4999:978-1-4051-1129-4 4826:, pp. 90–93. 4765:, pp. 59–61. 4749:978-0-19-938113-5 4646:978-1-4051-1129-4 4409:(26 July 2024). " 4407:Eugene Vanderpool 4385:(29 July 2024). " 4315:Los Angeles Times 3907:2020 Summer Games 3822:, nicknamed the " 3755:Aleksandr Komarov 3669:, the separatist 3598:War and terrorism 3491:Latifa Al Maktoum 3487:Maitha Al Maktoum 3342:Oswald Commission 3314: 3313: 3098:Arash Miresmaeili 3022:1956 Summer Games 2785:Republic of China 2726:1936 Berlin Games 2468:2012 London Games 2456:117th IOC Session 2330:, as proposed by 2187:French Revolution 2181:based on the one 2107:1936 Summer Games 1970:Olympic marketing 1939:colour television 1904:1998 Nagano Games 1814:Under IOC control 1766:Commercialisation 1688:Los Angeles Times 1622:and of racism in 1380:Cost of the Games 1232:2010 Winter Games 1228:2008 Summer Games 1216:1988 Summer Games 972:Demetrius Vikelas 724:Panhellenic Games 303: 302: 16:(Redirected from 27315: 27265: 27264: 27263: 27256: 27135:Underwater rugby 26930:English baseball 26752:Valencian pilota 26543:Hobby horse polo 26271: 26270: 26098:Royal Shrovetide 26002:Swedish football 25774: 25773: 25668: 25667: 25643:Governing bodies 25620: 25613: 25606: 25597: 25596: 25581: 25580: 25569: 25568: 25557: 25556: 25472:Kennedy Memorial 25413: 25412: 25364:IWAS World Games 25314:East Asian Games 25299:Baltic Sea Games 25284:Afro-Asian Games 25277:community events 25226:Friendship Games 25134: 25120: 25119: 24801:British Columbia 24789: 24788: 24775: 24774: 24714:Intercontinental 24595:West Asian Games 24572:ASEAN Para Games 24553:Southeast Asian 24532:Asian Para Games 24439:Bolivarian Games 24336: 24335: 24297:World Mind Games 24027:Special Olympics 24007:IBSA World Games 23945:Paralympic Games 23909: 23908: 23894: 23887: 23880: 23871: 23870: 23859: 23858: 23857: 23833: 23832: 23807: 23806: 23781: 23780: 23761: 23760: 23743: 23742: 23725: 23724: 23707: 23706: 23689: 23688: 23671: 23670: 23653: 23652: 23635: 23634: 23617: 23616: 23599: 23598: 23581: 23580: 23563: 23562: 23545: 23544: 23527: 23526: 23509: 23508: 23491: 23490: 23473: 23472: 23455: 23454: 23437: 23436: 23419: 23418: 23379: 23378: 23361: 23360: 23343: 23342: 23325: 23324: 23292: 23285: 23278: 23269: 23268: 23235: 23234: 23217: 23216: 23200: 23199: 23184: 23183: 23166: 23165: 23150: 23149: 23132: 23131: 23116: 23115: 23098: 23097: 23080: 23079: 23062: 23061: 23044: 23043: 23028: 23027: 23010: 23009: 22992: 22991: 22974: 22973: 22956: 22955: 22938: 22937: 22920: 22919: 22902: 22901: 22884: 22883: 22868: 22867: 22828: 22827: 22810: 22809: 22792: 22791: 22776: 22775: 22758: 22757: 22729: 22728: 22711: 22710: 22693: 22692: 22675: 22674: 22657: 22656: 22624: 22617: 22610: 22601: 22600: 22585: 22584: 22573: 22572: 22561: 22560: 22559: 22346:Freestyle skiing 22255: 22254: 21911:Beach volleyball 21790: 21789: 21747: 21740: 21733: 21724: 21723: 21712: 21711: 21710: 20855:Freestyle skiing 20158: 20157: 16733:Beach volleyball 16235: 16234: 16219: 16212: 16205: 16196: 16195: 16182: 16181: 16180: 16039:Art competitions 15903: 15760:Freestyle skiing 15664:Beach volleyball 15476: 15469: 15462: 15453: 15452: 15441: 15440: 15439: 15253:Papua New Guinea 15228:Marshall Islands 14148:tropical nations 14116: 14109: 14102: 14093: 14092: 14077: 14076: 14065: 14064: 14054: 14053: 14052: 14030: 14024: 14018: 14012: 13999: 13993: 13958:2016 Lillehammer 13939: 13882: 13881: 13859:2030 French Alps 13841:2018 PyeongChang 13811:1994 Lillehammer 13806:1992 Albertville 13791:1980 Lake Placid 13746: 13739: 13727:1932 Lake Placid 13701: 13666:2028 Los Angeles 13610:1984 Los Angeles 13590:1968 Mexico City 13560: 13553: 13541:1932 Los Angeles 13521: 13474: 13473: 13450:Special Olympics 13405:Paralympic Games 13073:tropical nations 12963:Olympic Congress 12946: 12945: 12909: 12902: 12895: 12886: 12885: 12824: 12810: 12805: 12804: 12802:Official website 12788: 12769: 12747: 12745: 12743: 12727: 12701: 12682: 12663: 12642: 12611: 12606: 12604: 12585: 12574: 12545: 12543: 12541: 12536:on 13 April 2014 12521: 12519: 12517: 12493: 12491: 12489: 12457: 12436: 12429:Yale Law Journal 12423: 12421: 12419: 12395: 12393: 12391: 12365: 12340: 12338: 12336: 12330: 12323: 12314: 12295: 12284: 12282: 12280: 12256: 12254: 12252: 12228: 12209: 12207: 12205: 12181: 12179: 12177: 12153: 12134: 12122: 12111: 12109: 12107: 12102:on 1 August 2007 12101: 12094: 12079: 12049: 12028: 12026: 12024: 12002: 12001: 11999: 11997: 11982: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11971: 11952: 11943: 11942: 11931: 11925: 11924: 11922: 11920: 11914: 11907: 11899: 11886: 11885: 11883: 11881: 11875: 11868: 11858: 11852: 11851: 11849: 11847: 11842:on 11 April 2008 11841: 11834: 11824: 11818: 11817: 11799: 11793: 11792: 11790: 11788: 11777: 11771: 11770: 11768: 11766: 11760: 11753: 11742: 11736: 11735: 11733: 11731: 11716: 11710: 11709: 11707: 11705: 11699: 11692: 11684: 11678: 11677: 11675: 11673: 11662: 11656: 11655: 11653: 11651: 11636: 11630: 11629: 11627: 11625: 11616:. Archived from 11603: 11597: 11596: 11589: 11583: 11582: 11575: 11569: 11568: 11567:. 19 March 2024. 11557: 11551: 11550: 11539: 11533: 11532: 11525: 11519: 11513: 11507: 11506: 11504: 11502: 11496: 11489: 11481: 11475: 11474: 11472: 11470: 11447: 11441: 11440: 11438: 11436: 11427:. Archived from 11417: 11411: 11410: 11394: 11388: 11387: 11371: 11365: 11364: 11362: 11360: 11351:. Archived from 11339: 11333: 11332: 11330: 11328: 11323:. 10 August 2008 11313: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11302: 11287: 11281: 11276: 11270: 11265: 11259: 11258: 11256: 11254: 11239: 11233: 11232: 11219: 11213: 11212: 11210: 11208: 11192: 11184: 11178: 11177: 11162: 11156: 11155: 11144: 11138: 11137: 11132:. 12 July 2012. 11122: 11116: 11115: 11113: 11111: 11102:. Archived from 11092: 11086: 11085: 11069: 11063: 11062: 11060: 11058: 11042: 11036: 11035: 11023: 11017: 11016: 11011:. 22 June 2004. 11001: 10995: 10994: 10977: 10971: 10970: 10965:. Archived from 10952: 10943: 10936: 10930: 10929: 10924:. Archived from 10913: 10907: 10906: 10891: 10885: 10884: 10868: 10862: 10861: 10844: 10838: 10837: 10835: 10833: 10816: 10810: 10809: 10795: 10789: 10788: 10771: 10765: 10764: 10762: 10760: 10743: 10737: 10736: 10719: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10708: 10691: 10685: 10684: 10682: 10680: 10665: 10659: 10658: 10641: 10635: 10634: 10632: 10630: 10615: 10609: 10608: 10606: 10604: 10589: 10583: 10582: 10580: 10578: 10562: 10554: 10548: 10547: 10545: 10543: 10528: 10522: 10521: 10509: 10503: 10502: 10490: 10482: 10476: 10475: 10473: 10471: 10452: 10446: 10445: 10443: 10441: 10426: 10420: 10419: 10417: 10415: 10400: 10394: 10393: 10391: 10389: 10378: 10372: 10371: 10369: 10367: 10358:. 25 July 2012. 10347: 10340: 10334: 10333: 10331: 10329: 10323: 10316: 10308: 10302: 10301: 10299: 10297: 10282: 10276: 10275: 10273: 10271: 10256: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10245: 10233: 10227: 10224:Porterfield 2008 10221: 10215: 10214: 10212: 10210: 10186: 10178: 10169: 10168: 10148: 10139: 10138: 10136: 10134: 10119: 10113: 10112: 10110: 10108: 10093: 10084: 10083: 10081: 10079: 10074:on 17 April 2020 10064: 10058: 10057: 10055: 10053: 10038: 10032: 10031: 10029: 10027: 10018:. 3 March 2021. 10008: 10002: 10001: 9999: 9997: 9992:on 25 March 2009 9978: 9972: 9971: 9969: 9967: 9952: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9936:. Guided History 9925: 9919: 9918: 9916: 9914: 9908: 9895: 9887: 9881: 9875: 9869: 9868: 9860: 9854: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9832: 9826: 9825: 9823: 9821: 9806: 9800: 9799: 9797: 9795: 9780: 9774: 9773: 9771: 9769: 9753: 9747: 9739: 9737: 9735: 9726:. 11 July 2008. 9716: 9710: 9709: 9707: 9705: 9690: 9684: 9683: 9681: 9679: 9670:. Archived from 9660: 9654: 9653: 9651: 9649: 9638: 9632: 9631: 9629: 9627: 9616: 9610: 9609: 9607: 9605: 9594: 9588: 9587: 9585: 9583: 9568: 9562: 9561: 9559: 9557: 9551: 9540: 9532: 9526: 9525: 9505: 9499: 9498: 9496: 9494: 9488: 9477: 9469: 9463: 9462: 9460: 9458: 9449:. 30 July 2008. 9439: 9430: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9414: 9408: 9399: 9393: 9392: 9377: 9371: 9370: 9368: 9366: 9361:on 7 August 2008 9357:. Archived from 9347: 9341: 9340: 9339:on 3 March 2016. 9325: 9319: 9318: 9303: 9292: 9291: 9289: 9287: 9281: 9274: 9265: 9259: 9258: 9256: 9254: 9248: 9241: 9233: 9227: 9226: 9224: 9222: 9216: 9209: 9201: 9195: 9194: 9192: 9190: 9175: 9169: 9168: 9164:978-0-25204377-2 9150: 9144: 9143: 9141: 9139: 9133: 9126: 9118: 9109: 9108: 9097: 9091: 9090: 9088: 9086: 9075: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9053: 9047: 9041: 9028: 9027: 9025: 9023: 9018:. 9 October 2009 9008: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8989:on 25 March 2009 8988: 8981: 8973: 8952: 8951: 8949: 8947: 8942:on 24 March 2009 8938:. Archived from 8928: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8917: 8912:on 29 April 2011 8911: 8904: 8896: 8890: 8884: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8873: 8862: 8856: 8850: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8830:. Archived from 8820: 8814: 8813: 8811: 8809: 8798: 8792: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8772: 8766: 8765: 8751: 8745: 8744: 8742: 8740: 8721: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8710: 8695: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8667: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8656: 8641: 8635: 8634: 8621: 8615: 8614: 8612: 8610: 8599: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8588: 8583:. 21 August 2016 8569: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8558: 8553:on 26 April 2009 8543: 8537: 8536: 8534: 8532: 8527:on 25 March 2009 8526: 8519: 8511: 8505: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8494: 8487: 8479: 8466: 8465: 8463: 8461: 8446: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8430:on 25 March 2009 8429: 8422: 8413: 8405: 8396: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8386:on 25 March 2009 8385: 8378: 8370: 8359: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8349:on 29 April 2011 8348: 8341: 8333: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8317: 8294: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8283: 8277: 8266: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8240: 8234: 8233: 8231: 8229: 8224:on 25 March 2009 8223: 8212: 8204: 8198: 8188: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8163: 8157: 8156: 8154: 8152: 8146: 8131: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8106:on 24 March 2009 8105: 8098: 8090: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8068: 8061: 8049: 8043: 8037: 8031: 8030: 8024: 8016: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8005: 7991: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7929: 7923: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7909:. Archived from 7898: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7846: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7830:. 13 August 2012 7820: 7814: 7808: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7781: 7773: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7754:on 29 April 2011 7750:. Archived from 7739: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7705: 7699: 7693: 7687: 7686: 7668: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7641: 7633: 7624: 7623: 7611: 7605: 7604: 7590: 7584: 7583: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7558: 7541: 7535: 7529: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7518: 7509:. Archived from 7499: 7493: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7479:. Archived from 7469: 7463: 7462: 7457:(1st ed.). 7445: 7420: 7414: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7393:on 25 April 2009 7379: 7364: 7363: 7358:(1st ed.). 7349: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7322:on 20 March 2018 7318:. Archived from 7308: 7302: 7301: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7264: 7258: 7257: 7245: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7234: 7228: 7217: 7209: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7195: 7178: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7121: 7113: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7087: 7081: 7080: 7067: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7033: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7022: 7007: 7001: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6981: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6970: 6964: 6953: 6945: 6936: 6935: 6920: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6893: 6885: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6825:(14 July 2009). 6819: 6810: 6804: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6782: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6752: 6746: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6726: 6720: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6684:on 29 April 2011 6683: 6676: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6646: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6618: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6592: 6586: 6585: 6583: 6581: 6566: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6540: 6534: 6533: 6516:(6): 1117–1146. 6505: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6455: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6417: 6411: 6410: 6395: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6289: 6283: 6282: 6268: 6254: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6212: 6204: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6155: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6110: 6102: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6082:. Archived from 6071: 6065: 6064: 6038: 6022: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6006: 5989: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5962: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5932: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5902: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5850: 5844: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5833: 5826: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5792: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5752: 5746: 5745: 5738: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5686: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5660: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5644:on 9 August 2016 5634: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5505:. Archived from 5491: 5485: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5475:on 12 March 2010 5465: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5443: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5373:on 2 August 2008 5363: 5357: 5354: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5309:on 24 March 2021 5299: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5283:on 17 April 2020 5273: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5220: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5170: 5164: 5158: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5128: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5099: 5093: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5031: 5004: 5003: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4961:(1st ed.). 4952: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4925:on 26 April 2011 4911: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4850:on 25 March 2009 4849: 4842: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4815: 4809: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4780:Tufts University 4772: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4720: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4684: 4675: 4674: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4620: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4595: 4589: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4542:(28 July 2012). 4532: 4526: 4525: 4511: 4488: 4487: 4472: 4455: 4434: 4433: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4383:Simon Hornblower 4379: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4354: 4345: 4344: 4339:. Archived from 4326: 4320: 4319: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4282: 4271: 4270: 4263: 4247: 4246:later that year. 4232: 4226: 4211: 4205: 4198: 4192: 4173: 4167: 4160: 4154: 4151: 4090: 4089: 4088: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4057: 3868:Olympic diplomas 3765:in cycling, and 3653:terrorist group 3612:World War I 3572:1500 m race 3436:Charlotte Cooper 3401:(RUSADA) at the 3318:Doping in Russia 3309: 3306: 3300: 3297:add more content 3281: 3280: 3273: 3018:Workers Olympics 2874:Friendship Games 2730:Irish Free State 2612:Günther Sabetzki 2305:New Zealand flag 2251:Closing ceremony 2204:Opening ceremony 2127:in front of the 2098:parabolic mirror 2047: 1931:Paralympic Games 1797: 1720:Bertrand Delanoë 1657:(SLOC), and the 1564:governing bodies 1489:Krasnodar region 1169:Paralympic Games 1106:game during the 964:Olympic Congress 928:Evangelos Zappas 905:Evangelos Zappas 814: 793:Chipping Campden 656:unit of distance 653: 643: 591: 559:Ancient Olympics 426:Special Olympics 390:Paralympic Games 378:Olympic Movement 295: 288: 281: 61: 47: 46: 21: 27323: 27322: 27318: 27317: 27316: 27314: 27313: 27312: 27273: 27272: 27271: 27261: 27259: 27251: 27249: 27244: 27156: 27111: 27107:World Chase Tag 27083: 27007:Football tennis 26951: 26835:Danish longball 26784: 26773: 26643:Ballon au poing 26638:Balle à la main 26597: 26508: 26504:Unicycle hockey 26376: 26266: 26256: 26225: 26107: 26093:Pasuckuakohowog 26058:Cornish hurling 26023: 26016: 25962: 25896: 25880:Gaelic football 25769: 25761: 25657: 25629: 25624: 25594: 25589: 25522: 25486: 25420: 25403: 25304:Black Sea Games 25276: 25270: 25214:Modern Olympics 25213: 25207: 25203:Zappas Olympics 25193:Gog Magog Games 25132: 25131: 25125: 25110: 25089: 24954:All-China Games 24930: 24863: 24854: 24838:amateur juniors 24780: 24765: 24709: 24673: 24613:Black Sea Games 24600: 24500: 24494:Caribbean Games 24465:South American 24445:North American 24377: 24341: 24326: 24245: 24211:Maccabiah Games 24206:Lusofonia Games 24154: 24089: 24075:World Air Games 24048: 23966: 23914: 23903: 23898: 23868: 23863: 23855: 23853: 23846: 23845: 23827: 23801: 23775: 23755: 23737: 23719: 23701: 23683: 23665: 23647: 23629: 23611: 23593: 23575: 23557: 23539: 23521: 23503: 23485: 23467: 23449: 23431: 23413: 23373: 23355: 23337: 23319: 23304: 23296: 23266: 23261: 23243: 23242: 23229: 23211: 23194: 23178: 23160: 23144: 23126: 23110: 23092: 23074: 23056: 23038: 23022: 23004: 22986: 22968: 22950: 22932: 22914: 22896: 22878: 22862: 22822: 22804: 22786: 22770: 22752: 22723: 22705: 22687: 22669: 22651: 22636: 22628: 22598: 22593: 22557: 22555: 22552: 22533: 22395: 22361:Nordic combined 22304: 22240: 22065: 21874: 21779: 21775:Olympic Village 21770:Olympic Stadium 21756: 21751: 21721: 21716: 21708: 21706: 21696: 21563: 21515: 21382: 21329: 21271: 21144:Nordic combined 21138: 21045: 20907: 20849: 20702: 20649: 20516: 20388: 20285: 20167: 20165: 20148: 19995: 19852: 19699: 19678: 19590: 19552: 19509: 19416: 19373: 19315: 19252: 19094: 19056: 18908: 18760: 18737: 18704: 18551: 18537: 18519: 18481: 18343: 18320: 18237: 18219: 18136: 17978: 17945: 17797: 17664: 17506: 17363: 17215: 17057: 17039: 17021: 16908: 16765: 16727: 16709: 16596: 16553: 16500: 16342: 16244: 16242: 16229: 16223: 16193: 16188: 16178: 16176: 16163: 16084:Gaelic football 16074:Disabled skiing 16059:Cannon shooting 16012: 15988:Sled dog racing 15953:Ice stock sport 15916: 15901: 15879:Military patrol 15837: 15797: 15781: 15765:Nordic combined 15680: 15485: 15480: 15450: 15445: 15437: 15435: 15429: 15323: 15282: 15263:Solomon Islands 15179: 15105:North Macedonia 14906: 14675: 14435: 14154: 14129: 14120: 14090: 14085: 14050: 14048: 14035: 14034: 14033: 14025: 14021: 14013: 14002: 13994: 13990: 13980: 13979: 13940: 13931: 13930: 13889: 13872: 13871: 13751:1948 St. Moritz 13744: 13737: 13722:1928 St. Moritz 13702: 13693: 13692: 13558: 13551: 13519: 13479: 13464: 13393: 13326: 13226: 13188:Olympic Channel 13166: 13126: 13120:Olympic Stadium 13084: 13068:Winter Olympics 13063:Summer Olympics 13049: 13040:Olympic diploma 13035:Stripped medals 12977: 12940: 12918: 12913: 12843: 12800: 12799: 12796: 12791: 12785: 12766: 12741: 12739: 12724: 12698: 12679: 12660: 12639: 12619: 12617:Further reading 12614: 12602: 12600: 12598: 12551:European Review 12539: 12537: 12530:Canada Newswire 12524: 12515: 12513: 12511: 12487: 12485: 12475: 12454: 12435:(8): 2088–2139. 12417: 12415: 12413: 12389: 12387: 12385: 12362: 12334: 12332: 12331:on 23 July 2011 12328: 12321: 12308: 12278: 12276: 12274: 12250: 12248: 12246: 12225: 12203: 12201: 12199: 12175: 12173: 12171: 12150: 12131: 12105: 12103: 12099: 12092: 12076: 12054:Burkert, Walter 12046: 12022: 12020: 12015: 12011: 12006: 12005: 11995: 11993: 11992:. 17 April 2024 11984: 11983: 11979: 11969: 11967: 11966:on 2 April 2009 11954: 11953: 11946: 11933: 11932: 11928: 11918: 11916: 11915:on 23 July 2011 11912: 11905: 11901: 11900: 11889: 11879: 11877: 11873: 11866: 11860: 11859: 11855: 11845: 11843: 11839: 11832: 11826: 11825: 11821: 11814: 11800: 11796: 11786: 11784: 11779: 11778: 11774: 11764: 11762: 11761:on 4 March 2009 11758: 11751: 11743: 11739: 11729: 11727: 11717: 11713: 11703: 11701: 11697: 11690: 11686: 11685: 11681: 11671: 11669: 11668:. Olympic Games 11666:"St Louis 1904" 11664: 11663: 11659: 11649: 11647: 11638: 11637: 11633: 11623: 11621: 11604: 11600: 11591: 11590: 11586: 11577: 11576: 11572: 11559: 11558: 11554: 11541: 11540: 11536: 11527: 11526: 11522: 11514: 11510: 11500: 11498: 11494: 11487: 11483: 11482: 11478: 11468: 11466: 11449: 11448: 11444: 11434: 11432: 11419: 11418: 11414: 11403:Washington Post 11395: 11391: 11372: 11368: 11358: 11356: 11341: 11340: 11336: 11326: 11324: 11315: 11314: 11310: 11300: 11298: 11297:. 7 August 2008 11289: 11288: 11284: 11277: 11273: 11266: 11262: 11252: 11250: 11240: 11236: 11231:. 17 July 2023. 11221: 11220: 11216: 11206: 11204: 11185: 11181: 11164: 11163: 11159: 11146: 11145: 11141: 11124: 11123: 11119: 11109: 11107: 11106:on 15 July 2012 11094: 11093: 11089: 11078:The Independent 11070: 11066: 11056: 11054: 11043: 11039: 11024: 11020: 11003: 11002: 10998: 10979: 10978: 10974: 10953: 10946: 10937: 10933: 10914: 10910: 10893: 10892: 10888: 10869: 10865: 10845: 10841: 10831: 10829: 10817: 10813: 10796: 10792: 10772: 10768: 10758: 10756: 10744: 10740: 10720: 10716: 10706: 10704: 10692: 10688: 10678: 10676: 10666: 10662: 10642: 10638: 10628: 10626: 10617: 10616: 10612: 10602: 10600: 10591: 10590: 10586: 10576: 10574: 10555: 10551: 10541: 10539: 10538:. 6 August 2016 10530: 10529: 10525: 10510: 10506: 10483: 10479: 10469: 10467: 10454: 10453: 10449: 10439: 10437: 10428: 10427: 10423: 10413: 10411: 10401: 10397: 10387: 10385: 10380: 10379: 10375: 10365: 10363: 10342: 10341: 10337: 10327: 10325: 10321: 10314: 10310: 10309: 10305: 10295: 10293: 10284: 10283: 10279: 10269: 10267: 10257: 10253: 10243: 10241: 10234: 10230: 10222: 10218: 10208: 10206: 10179: 10172: 10165: 10149: 10142: 10132: 10130: 10120: 10116: 10106: 10104: 10095: 10094: 10087: 10077: 10075: 10066: 10065: 10061: 10051: 10049: 10040: 10039: 10035: 10025: 10023: 10010: 10009: 10005: 9995: 9993: 9980: 9979: 9975: 9965: 9963: 9954: 9953: 9949: 9939: 9937: 9928:Benson, Tyler. 9926: 9922: 9912: 9910: 9909:on 9 April 2008 9906: 9893: 9889: 9888: 9884: 9876: 9872: 9863:"Spartakiads". 9862: 9861: 9857: 9848: 9846: 9833: 9829: 9819: 9817: 9807: 9803: 9793: 9791: 9781: 9777: 9767: 9765: 9754: 9750: 9733: 9731: 9718: 9717: 9713: 9703: 9701: 9700:. 29 March 2008 9692: 9691: 9687: 9677: 9675: 9662: 9661: 9657: 9647: 9645: 9640: 9639: 9635: 9625: 9623: 9618: 9617: 9613: 9603: 9601: 9596: 9595: 9591: 9581: 9579: 9570: 9569: 9565: 9555: 9553: 9549: 9538: 9534: 9533: 9529: 9506: 9502: 9492: 9490: 9486: 9475: 9471: 9470: 9466: 9456: 9454: 9441: 9440: 9433: 9423: 9421: 9416: 9415: 9411: 9400: 9396: 9379: 9378: 9374: 9364: 9362: 9349: 9348: 9344: 9327: 9326: 9322: 9305: 9304: 9295: 9285: 9283: 9279: 9272: 9268:Schantz, Otto. 9266: 9262: 9252: 9250: 9246: 9239: 9235: 9234: 9230: 9220: 9218: 9214: 9207: 9203: 9202: 9198: 9188: 9186: 9177: 9176: 9172: 9165: 9151: 9147: 9137: 9135: 9131: 9124: 9120: 9119: 9112: 9099: 9098: 9094: 9084: 9082: 9077: 9076: 9072: 9062: 9060: 9059:. Biography.com 9055: 9054: 9050: 9042: 9031: 9021: 9019: 9010: 9009: 9002: 8992: 8990: 8986: 8979: 8975: 8974: 8955: 8945: 8943: 8930: 8929: 8925: 8915: 8913: 8909: 8902: 8898: 8897: 8893: 8885: 8881: 8871: 8869: 8864: 8863: 8859: 8851: 8847: 8837: 8835: 8822: 8821: 8817: 8807: 8805: 8800: 8799: 8795: 8785: 8783: 8774: 8773: 8769: 8752: 8748: 8738: 8736: 8723: 8722: 8718: 8708: 8706: 8696: 8692: 8682: 8680: 8669: 8668: 8664: 8654: 8652: 8643: 8642: 8638: 8622: 8618: 8608: 8606: 8601: 8600: 8596: 8586: 8584: 8571: 8570: 8566: 8556: 8554: 8545: 8544: 8540: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8517: 8513: 8512: 8508: 8498: 8496: 8492: 8485: 8481: 8480: 8469: 8459: 8457: 8448: 8447: 8443: 8433: 8431: 8427: 8420: 8411: 8407: 8406: 8399: 8389: 8387: 8383: 8376: 8372: 8371: 8362: 8352: 8350: 8346: 8339: 8335: 8334: 8325: 8315: 8313: 8295: 8291: 8281: 8279: 8275: 8264: 8260: 8259: 8255: 8242: 8241: 8237: 8227: 8225: 8221: 8210: 8206: 8205: 8201: 8189: 8185: 8175: 8173: 8165: 8164: 8160: 8150: 8148: 8144: 8129: 8123: 8119: 8109: 8107: 8103: 8096: 8092: 8091: 8082: 8072: 8070: 8066: 8059: 8051: 8050: 8046: 8038: 8034: 8022: 8018: 8017: 8013: 8003: 8001: 7993: 7992: 7988: 7978: 7976: 7967: 7966: 7962: 7952: 7950: 7930: 7926: 7916: 7914: 7907:The Japan Times 7899: 7895: 7885: 7883: 7874: 7873: 7869: 7859: 7857: 7848: 7847: 7843: 7833: 7831: 7822: 7821: 7817: 7809: 7805: 7795: 7793: 7774: 7767: 7757: 7755: 7740: 7736: 7726: 7724: 7707: 7706: 7702: 7694: 7690: 7683: 7669: 7665: 7655: 7653: 7634: 7627: 7612: 7608: 7591: 7587: 7570: 7566: 7556: 7554: 7542: 7538: 7530: 7526: 7516: 7514: 7501: 7500: 7496: 7486: 7484: 7471: 7470: 7466: 7446: 7423: 7415: 7406: 7396: 7394: 7381: 7380: 7367: 7350: 7335: 7325: 7323: 7310: 7309: 7305: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7277: 7275: 7274:. 15 April 2013 7266: 7265: 7261: 7246: 7242: 7232: 7230: 7226: 7215: 7211: 7210: 7203: 7193: 7191: 7179: 7175: 7165: 7163: 7150: 7149: 7145: 7135: 7133: 7114: 7110: 7100: 7098: 7088: 7084: 7069: 7056: 7055: 7051: 7034: 7030: 7020: 7018: 7008: 7004: 6995: 6993: 6990:Washington Post 6982: 6978: 6968: 6966: 6962: 6951: 6947: 6946: 6939: 6922: 6921: 6917: 6907: 6905: 6886: 6882: 6872: 6870: 6865:. 18 May 2001. 6855: 6854: 6850: 6843: 6820: 6813: 6805: 6801: 6791: 6789: 6788:. Olympic Games 6784: 6783: 6779: 6769: 6767: 6754: 6753: 6749: 6738: 6736: 6728: 6727: 6723: 6713: 6711: 6702: 6701: 6697: 6687: 6685: 6681: 6674: 6670: 6669: 6665: 6655: 6653: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6633: 6631: 6620: 6619: 6615: 6605: 6603: 6594: 6593: 6589: 6579: 6577: 6567: 6563: 6553: 6551: 6542: 6541: 6537: 6506: 6502: 6494: 6453: 6447: 6443: 6430:(553): 652–77. 6418: 6414: 6396: 6392: 6382: 6380: 6369: 6368: 6364: 6354: 6352: 6343: 6342: 6338: 6328: 6326: 6317: 6316: 6312: 6302: 6300: 6291: 6290: 6286: 6278:Courier Journal 6264:Courier Journal 6255: 6248: 6238: 6236: 6235:. 7 August 2021 6227: 6226: 6222: 6206: 6205: 6197: 6193: 6136: 6132: 6122: 6120: 6113:Financial Times 6103: 6099: 6089: 6087: 6072: 6068: 6023: 6014: 6004: 6002: 5990: 5986: 5976: 5974: 5963: 5959: 5949: 5947: 5934: 5933: 5929: 5919: 5917: 5904: 5903: 5899: 5889: 5887: 5878: 5877: 5873: 5863: 5861: 5852: 5851: 5847: 5837: 5835: 5834:on 23 July 2011 5831: 5824: 5820: 5819: 5815: 5805: 5803: 5794: 5793: 5789: 5779: 5777: 5768: 5767: 5763: 5754: 5753: 5749: 5740: 5739: 5735: 5725: 5723: 5713: 5709: 5699: 5697: 5687: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5662: 5661: 5657: 5647: 5645: 5636: 5635: 5631: 5621: 5619: 5618:on 10 June 2009 5610: 5609: 5605: 5595: 5593: 5579: 5575: 5565: 5563: 5562:. 19 March 2007 5552: 5551: 5547: 5526: 5522: 5512: 5510: 5493: 5492: 5488: 5478: 5476: 5467: 5466: 5462: 5452: 5450: 5445: 5444: 5440: 5430: 5428: 5417: 5416: 5412: 5402: 5400: 5391: 5390: 5386: 5376: 5374: 5367:"Chamonix 1924" 5365: 5364: 5360: 5355: 5348: 5338: 5336: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5286: 5284: 5275: 5274: 5270: 5260: 5258: 5250: 5249: 5245: 5235: 5233: 5221: 5217: 5207: 5205: 5193: 5189: 5179: 5177: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5159: 5155: 5145: 5143: 5130: 5129: 5122: 5112: 5110: 5101: 5100: 5096: 5085: 5081: 5073: 5069: 5061: 5057: 5050: 5032: 5007: 5000: 4974: 4970: 4953: 4938: 4928: 4926: 4913: 4912: 4905: 4896: 4894: 4883: 4882: 4878: 4870: 4863: 4853: 4851: 4847: 4840: 4834: 4830: 4822: 4818: 4810: 4806: 4798: 4794: 4784: 4782: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4761: 4757: 4750: 4721: 4717: 4711:Richardson 1992 4709: 4705: 4685: 4678: 4658: 4654: 4647: 4621: 4614: 4604: 4602: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4581: 4577: 4564:Mark Cartwright 4561: 4557: 4540:Ted Chamberlain 4533: 4529: 4512: 4491: 4476:Moses I. Finley 4473: 4458: 4452:Perseus Project 4428: 4424: 4404: 4400: 4389:civilization". 4380: 4376: 4366: 4364: 4356: 4355: 4348: 4327: 4323: 4303: 4299: 4283: 4274: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4233: 4229: 4212: 4208: 4199: 4195: 4174: 4170: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4125:Olympic Day Run 4096: 4086: 4084: 4074: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4052: 4050: 4018:Winter Olympics 4006:Summer Olympics 3998: 3992: 3986: 3942:Winter Olympics 3911:Summer Olympics 3903: 3895:Main articles: 3893: 3888: 3816:middle-distance 3802: 3792: 3775: 3759:Mikhail Yakolev 3731: 3726: 3659:Munich massacre 3655:Black September 3600: 3580:Nordic combined 3560:Bahiya al-Hamad 3546:The Independent 3481:. In 2008, the 3471:Robina Muqimyar 3429: 3423: 3344: 3310: 3304: 3301: 3294: 3282: 3278: 3271: 3204:track and field 3177:Andrew Jennings 3123: 3117: 3067:Czechoslovakian 2938:track and field 2917: 2864:because of the 2638: 2632: 2627: 2621: 2596: 2537:pentathlon and 2500:; professional 2482: 2476: 2394:Nordic combined 2346: 2340: 2316:national anthem 2281: 2253: 2225:Olympic Charter 2206: 2201: 2195: 2176:anthropomorphic 2148:anthropomorphic 2109:to promote the 1990: 1988:Olympic symbols 1984: 1972: 1925:, beginning in 1856: 1844:Peter Ueberroth 1832: 1816: 1791: 1773: 1768: 1599: 1545: 1539: 1503:a two-city race 1436: 1405:LA84 Foundation 1401:Peter Ueberroth 1388: 1382: 1318:Olympic Village 1294: 1284:were hosted in 1270: 1264: 1208:Summer Olympics 1171: 1165: 1096: 1090: 1040: 1034: 1026:second Olympics 986: 980: 898: 770: 765: 759: 634:Olympic Stadium 632:, he built the 623:and his father 606:summer solstice 602:Olympia, Greece 579:Olympia, Greece 567: 561: 501:Olympic Charter 382:Olympic Charter 362:Olympia, Greece 347:Winter Olympics 299: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 27321: 27311: 27310: 27305: 27300: 27295: 27290: 27285: 27270: 27269: 27246: 27245: 27243: 27242: 27237: 27232: 27227: 27222: 27217: 27212: 27207: 27202: 27197: 27196: 27195: 27185: 27180: 27175: 27170: 27164: 27162: 27158: 27157: 27155: 27154: 27153: 27152: 27147: 27137: 27132: 27127: 27121: 27119: 27113: 27112: 27110: 27109: 27104: 27099: 27093: 27091: 27085: 27084: 27082: 27081: 27080: 27079: 27074: 27069: 27064: 27059: 27054: 27044: 27039: 27034: 27029: 27024: 27019: 27014: 27009: 27004: 26999: 26998: 26997: 26992: 26982: 26977: 26972: 26967: 26965:Ball badminton 26961: 26959: 26953: 26952: 26950: 26949: 26944: 26939: 26938: 26937: 26935:Welsh baseball 26932: 26924: 26919: 26914: 26909: 26904: 26899: 26898: 26897: 26892: 26882: 26877: 26872: 26867: 26862: 26857: 26852: 26847: 26842: 26840:Indoor cricket 26837: 26832: 26831: 26830: 26825: 26820: 26810: 26805: 26800: 26795: 26789: 26787: 26779: 26778: 26775: 26774: 26772: 26771: 26766: 26761: 26760: 26759: 26749: 26744: 26739: 26734: 26729: 26724: 26719: 26714: 26712:Pelota mixteca 26709: 26704: 26699: 26694: 26689: 26688: 26687: 26682: 26677: 26672: 26662: 26657: 26656: 26655: 26650: 26645: 26640: 26630: 26625: 26620: 26615: 26609: 26607: 26603: 26602: 26599: 26598: 26596: 26595: 26590: 26585: 26580: 26579: 26578: 26575: 26570: 26560: 26555: 26550: 26545: 26540: 26535: 26530: 26525: 26519: 26517: 26510: 26509: 26507: 26506: 26501: 26496: 26491: 26486: 26484:Rossall hockey 26481: 26480: 26479: 26474: 26464: 26459: 26454: 26453: 26452: 26447: 26442: 26432: 26427: 26422: 26421: 26420: 26410: 26405: 26404: 26403: 26393: 26387: 26385: 26378: 26377: 26375: 26374: 26373: 26372: 26370:Shinty–Hurling 26362: 26357: 26356: 26355: 26350: 26345: 26340: 26330: 26325: 26320: 26315: 26310: 26309: 26308: 26306:Shinty–Hurling 26303: 26300: 26290: 26285: 26280: 26274: 26268: 26265:Stick-and-ball 26262: 26261: 26258: 26257: 26255: 26254: 26249: 26244: 26239: 26233: 26231: 26227: 26226: 26224: 26223: 26218: 26213: 26212: 26211: 26206: 26201: 26196: 26191: 26186: 26181: 26176: 26171: 26166: 26156: 26155: 26154: 26149: 26144: 26139: 26134: 26129: 26118: 26116: 26109: 26108: 26106: 26105: 26100: 26095: 26090: 26085: 26080: 26075: 26070: 26065: 26060: 26055: 26050: 26045: 26040: 26035: 26029: 26027: 26018: 26017: 26015: 26014: 26009: 26004: 25999: 25994: 25989: 25984: 25982:Eton wall game 25979: 25973: 25971: 25964: 25963: 25961: 25960: 25955: 25953:Arena football 25950: 25949: 25948: 25943: 25938: 25933: 25928: 25923: 25918: 25907: 25905: 25898: 25897: 25895: 25894: 25889: 25888: 25887: 25877: 25876: 25875: 25870: 25865: 25860: 25855: 25845: 25844: 25843: 25838: 25833: 25828: 25823: 25818: 25813: 25808: 25803: 25798: 25793: 25788: 25777: 25771: 25763: 25762: 25760: 25759: 25754: 25749: 25744: 25743: 25742: 25737: 25732: 25722: 25717: 25712: 25707: 25706: 25705: 25700: 25695: 25690: 25685: 25674: 25672: 25665: 25663:Invasion games 25659: 25658: 25656: 25655: 25650: 25648:National sport 25645: 25640: 25634: 25631: 25630: 25623: 25622: 25615: 25608: 25600: 25591: 25590: 25588: 25587: 25575: 25563: 25550: 25549: 25540: 25535: 25531: 25528: 25527: 25524: 25523: 25521: 25520: 25515: 25510: 25505: 25500: 25494: 25492: 25488: 25487: 25485: 25484: 25479: 25474: 25469: 25464: 25459: 25454: 25449: 25444: 25439: 25434: 25428: 25426: 25422: 25421: 25409: 25408: 25405: 25404: 25402: 25401: 25396: 25391: 25386: 25381: 25376: 25371: 25366: 25361: 25356: 25351: 25346: 25341: 25336: 25331: 25326: 25321: 25316: 25311: 25306: 25301: 25296: 25291: 25286: 25280: 25278: 25272: 25271: 25269: 25268: 25263: 25258: 25253: 25248: 25243: 25238: 25236:Goodwill Games 25233: 25228: 25223: 25217: 25215: 25209: 25208: 25206: 25205: 25200: 25195: 25190: 25185: 25180: 25175: 25174: 25173: 25168: 25166:Isthmian Games 25163: 25158: 25153: 25143: 25137: 25135: 25127: 25126: 25116: 25115: 25112: 25111: 25109: 25108: 25103: 25101:Poland (youth) 25097: 25095: 25091: 25090: 25088: 25087: 25086: 25085: 25079: 25074: 25073: 25072: 25062: 25061: 25060: 25055: 25045: 25040: 25039: 25038: 25033: 25028: 25026:National Games 25020: 25015: 25010: 25005: 25000: 24995: 24990: 24989: 24988: 24983: 24973: 24972: 24971: 24966: 24961: 24959:National Games 24956: 24948: 24942: 24940: 24936: 24935: 24932: 24931: 24929: 24928: 24923: 24918: 24913: 24911:North Carolina 24908: 24903: 24898: 24893: 24888: 24883: 24878: 24873: 24867: 24865: 24856: 24855: 24853: 24852: 24851: 24850: 24845: 24840: 24830: 24825: 24824: 24823: 24818: 24813: 24808: 24803: 24792: 24786: 24782: 24781: 24771: 24770: 24767: 24766: 24764: 24763: 24758: 24757: 24756: 24751: 24746: 24738: 24733: 24728: 24723: 24717: 24715: 24711: 24710: 24708: 24707: 24702: 24697: 24692: 24687: 24681: 24679: 24675: 24674: 24672: 24671: 24666: 24661: 24656: 24651: 24646: 24641: 24636: 24631: 24626: 24621: 24619:European Games 24616: 24608: 24606: 24602: 24601: 24599: 24598: 24591: 24586: 24581: 24576: 24575: 24574: 24569: 24564: 24559: 24551: 24550: 24549: 24544: 24539: 24534: 24529: 24528: 24527: 24522: 24508: 24506: 24502: 24501: 24499: 24498: 24497: 24496: 24488: 24487: 24486: 24481: 24476: 24471: 24463: 24462: 24461: 24456: 24451: 24443: 24442: 24441: 24436: 24429:Latin American 24426: 24425: 24424: 24419: 24411: 24410: 24409: 24404: 24399: 24394: 24385: 24383: 24379: 24378: 24376: 24375: 24370: 24365: 24360: 24355: 24349: 24347: 24343: 24342: 24332: 24331: 24328: 24327: 24325: 24324: 24319: 24314: 24309: 24304: 24299: 24294: 24289: 24284: 24279: 24274: 24269: 24264: 24259: 24253: 24251: 24247: 24246: 24244: 24243: 24238: 24236:World Outgames 24233: 24228: 24223: 24218: 24213: 24208: 24203: 24198: 24193: 24191:Highland games 24188: 24183: 24178: 24173: 24168: 24162: 24160: 24159:Intercommunity 24156: 24155: 24153: 24152: 24147: 24142: 24137: 24132: 24127: 24122: 24117: 24114: 24106: 24097: 24095: 24091: 24090: 24088: 24087: 24082: 24077: 24072: 24067: 24062: 24056: 24054: 24050: 24049: 24047: 24046: 24041: 24040: 24039: 24034: 24024: 24019: 24017:Invictus Games 24014: 24009: 24004: 23999: 23998: 23997: 23992: 23982: 23976: 23974: 23968: 23967: 23965: 23964: 23959: 23958: 23957: 23952: 23942: 23941: 23940: 23935: 23924: 23922: 23916: 23915: 23905: 23904: 23897: 23896: 23889: 23882: 23874: 23865: 23864: 23851: 23848: 23847: 23844: 23843: 23836:Salt Lake City 23817: 23791: 23765: 23747: 23729: 23711: 23693: 23675: 23673:Salt Lake City 23657: 23639: 23621: 23603: 23585: 23567: 23549: 23531: 23513: 23495: 23477: 23459: 23441: 23423: 23405: 23394: 23383: 23365: 23347: 23329: 23310: 23309: 23306: 23305: 23295: 23294: 23287: 23280: 23272: 23263: 23262: 23248: 23245: 23244: 23241: 23240: 23220: 23202: 23186: 23170: 23168:Rio de Janeiro 23152: 23136: 23118: 23102: 23084: 23066: 23048: 23030: 23014: 22996: 22978: 22960: 22942: 22924: 22906: 22888: 22870: 22854: 22843: 22832: 22814: 22796: 22778: 22762: 22744: 22733: 22715: 22697: 22679: 22661: 22642: 22641: 22638: 22637: 22627: 22626: 22619: 22612: 22604: 22595: 22594: 22592: 22591: 22579: 22567: 22551: 22550: 22542: 22539: 22538: 22535: 22534: 22532: 22531: 22524: 22519: 22514: 22509: 22504: 22499: 22494: 22489: 22484: 22479: 22474: 22469: 22464: 22459: 22454: 22449: 22444: 22439: 22434: 22429: 22424: 22419: 22414: 22409: 22403: 22401: 22397: 22396: 22394: 22393: 22388: 22383: 22378: 22373: 22368: 22363: 22358: 22353: 22348: 22343: 22341:Figure skating 22338: 22333: 22328: 22323: 22318: 22312: 22310: 22306: 22305: 22303: 22302: 22297: 22292: 22287: 22282: 22277: 22272: 22267: 22261: 22259: 22252: 22246: 22245: 22242: 22241: 22239: 22238: 22231: 22224: 22219: 22214: 22209: 22204: 22199: 22194: 22189: 22184: 22179: 22174: 22169: 22164: 22159: 22154: 22149: 22144: 22139: 22134: 22129: 22124: 22119: 22114: 22109: 22104: 22099: 22094: 22089: 22084: 22079: 22073: 22071: 22067: 22066: 22064: 22063: 22058: 22053: 22048: 22043: 22038: 22033: 22028: 22023: 22018: 22013: 22008: 22003: 21998: 21993: 21988: 21983: 21978: 21973: 21968: 21963: 21958: 21953: 21948: 21943: 21938: 21933: 21928: 21923: 21918: 21913: 21908: 21903: 21898: 21893: 21888: 21882: 21880: 21876: 21875: 21873: 21872: 21867: 21862: 21857: 21852: 21847: 21842: 21837: 21832: 21827: 21822: 21817: 21812: 21807: 21802: 21796: 21794: 21787: 21781: 21780: 21778: 21777: 21772: 21767: 21761: 21758: 21757: 21754:Olympic venues 21750: 21749: 21742: 21735: 21727: 21718: 21717: 21705: 21702: 21701: 21698: 21697: 21695: 21694: 21689: 21684: 21679: 21674: 21669: 21664: 21659: 21654: 21649: 21644: 21639: 21634: 21629: 21624: 21619: 21614: 21609: 21604: 21599: 21594: 21589: 21584: 21579: 21573: 21571: 21565: 21564: 21562: 21561: 21556: 21551: 21546: 21541: 21536: 21531: 21525: 21523: 21517: 21516: 21514: 21513: 21508: 21503: 21498: 21493: 21488: 21483: 21478: 21473: 21468: 21463: 21458: 21453: 21448: 21443: 21438: 21433: 21428: 21423: 21418: 21413: 21408: 21403: 21398: 21392: 21390: 21384: 21383: 21381: 21380: 21375: 21370: 21365: 21360: 21355: 21350: 21345: 21339: 21337: 21331: 21330: 21328: 21327: 21322: 21317: 21312: 21307: 21302: 21297: 21292: 21287: 21281: 21279: 21273: 21272: 21270: 21269: 21264: 21259: 21254: 21249: 21244: 21239: 21234: 21229: 21224: 21219: 21214: 21209: 21204: 21199: 21194: 21189: 21184: 21179: 21174: 21169: 21164: 21159: 21154: 21148: 21146: 21140: 21139: 21137: 21136: 21131: 21126: 21121: 21116: 21111: 21106: 21101: 21096: 21091: 21086: 21081: 21076: 21071: 21066: 21061: 21055: 21053: 21047: 21046: 21044: 21043: 21038: 21033: 21028: 21023: 21018: 21013: 21008: 21003: 20998: 20993: 20988: 20983: 20978: 20973: 20968: 20963: 20958: 20953: 20948: 20943: 20938: 20933: 20928: 20923: 20917: 20915: 20909: 20908: 20906: 20905: 20900: 20895: 20890: 20885: 20880: 20875: 20870: 20865: 20859: 20857: 20851: 20850: 20848: 20847: 20842: 20837: 20832: 20827: 20822: 20817: 20812: 20807: 20802: 20797: 20792: 20787: 20782: 20777: 20772: 20767: 20762: 20757: 20752: 20747: 20742: 20737: 20732: 20727: 20722: 20716: 20715: 20712: 20710: 20708:Figure skating 20704: 20703: 20701: 20700: 20695: 20690: 20685: 20680: 20675: 20670: 20665: 20659: 20657: 20651: 20650: 20648: 20647: 20642: 20637: 20632: 20627: 20622: 20617: 20612: 20607: 20602: 20597: 20592: 20587: 20582: 20577: 20572: 20567: 20562: 20557: 20552: 20547: 20542: 20537: 20532: 20526: 20524: 20518: 20517: 20515: 20514: 20509: 20504: 20499: 20494: 20489: 20484: 20479: 20474: 20469: 20464: 20459: 20454: 20449: 20444: 20439: 20434: 20429: 20424: 20419: 20414: 20409: 20404: 20398: 20396: 20390: 20389: 20387: 20386: 20381: 20376: 20371: 20366: 20361: 20356: 20351: 20346: 20341: 20336: 20331: 20326: 20321: 20316: 20311: 20306: 20301: 20295: 20293: 20287: 20286: 20284: 20283: 20278: 20273: 20268: 20263: 20258: 20253: 20248: 20243: 20238: 20233: 20228: 20223: 20218: 20213: 20208: 20203: 20198: 20193: 20188: 20183: 20177: 20175: 20169: 20168: 20163: 20154: 20153: 20150: 20149: 20147: 20146: 20141: 20136: 20131: 20126: 20121: 20116: 20111: 20106: 20101: 20096: 20091: 20086: 20081: 20076: 20071: 20066: 20061: 20056: 20051: 20046: 20041: 20036: 20031: 20026: 20021: 20016: 20011: 20005: 20003: 19997: 19996: 19994: 19993: 19988: 19983: 19978: 19973: 19968: 19963: 19958: 19953: 19948: 19943: 19938: 19933: 19928: 19923: 19918: 19913: 19908: 19903: 19898: 19893: 19888: 19883: 19878: 19873: 19868: 19862: 19860: 19854: 19853: 19851: 19850: 19845: 19840: 19835: 19830: 19825: 19820: 19815: 19810: 19805: 19800: 19795: 19790: 19785: 19780: 19775: 19770: 19765: 19760: 19755: 19750: 19745: 19740: 19735: 19730: 19725: 19720: 19715: 19709: 19707: 19701: 19700: 19698: 19697: 19692: 19686: 19684: 19680: 19679: 19677: 19676: 19671: 19666: 19661: 19656: 19651: 19646: 19641: 19636: 19631: 19626: 19621: 19616: 19611: 19606: 19600: 19598: 19592: 19591: 19589: 19588: 19583: 19578: 19573: 19568: 19562: 19560: 19554: 19553: 19551: 19550: 19545: 19540: 19535: 19530: 19525: 19519: 19517: 19511: 19510: 19508: 19507: 19502: 19497: 19492: 19487: 19482: 19477: 19472: 19467: 19462: 19457: 19452: 19447: 19442: 19437: 19432: 19426: 19424: 19418: 19417: 19415: 19414: 19409: 19404: 19399: 19394: 19389: 19383: 19381: 19375: 19374: 19372: 19371: 19366: 19361: 19356: 19351: 19346: 19341: 19336: 19331: 19325: 19323: 19317: 19316: 19314: 19313: 19308: 19303: 19298: 19293: 19288: 19283: 19278: 19273: 19268: 19262: 19260: 19254: 19253: 19251: 19250: 19245: 19240: 19235: 19230: 19225: 19220: 19215: 19210: 19205: 19200: 19195: 19190: 19185: 19180: 19175: 19170: 19165: 19160: 19155: 19150: 19145: 19140: 19135: 19130: 19125: 19120: 19115: 19110: 19104: 19102: 19096: 19095: 19093: 19092: 19087: 19082: 19077: 19072: 19066: 19064: 19058: 19057: 19055: 19054: 19049: 19044: 19039: 19034: 19029: 19024: 19019: 19014: 19009: 19004: 18999: 18994: 18989: 18984: 18979: 18974: 18969: 18964: 18959: 18954: 18949: 18944: 18939: 18934: 18929: 18924: 18918: 18916: 18910: 18909: 18907: 18906: 18901: 18896: 18891: 18886: 18881: 18876: 18871: 18866: 18861: 18856: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18836: 18831: 18826: 18821: 18816: 18811: 18806: 18801: 18796: 18791: 18786: 18781: 18776: 18770: 18768: 18762: 18761: 18759: 18758: 18753: 18747: 18745: 18739: 18738: 18736: 18735: 18730: 18725: 18720: 18714: 18712: 18706: 18705: 18703: 18702: 18697: 18692: 18687: 18682: 18677: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18652: 18647: 18642: 18637: 18632: 18627: 18622: 18617: 18612: 18607: 18602: 18597: 18592: 18587: 18582: 18577: 18572: 18567: 18561: 18559: 18553: 18552: 18547: 18545: 18539: 18538: 18536: 18535: 18529: 18527: 18521: 18520: 18518: 18517: 18512: 18507: 18502: 18497: 18491: 18489: 18483: 18482: 18480: 18479: 18474: 18469: 18464: 18459: 18454: 18449: 18444: 18439: 18434: 18429: 18424: 18419: 18414: 18409: 18404: 18399: 18394: 18389: 18384: 18379: 18374: 18369: 18364: 18359: 18353: 18351: 18345: 18344: 18342: 18341: 18336: 18330: 18328: 18322: 18321: 18319: 18318: 18313: 18308: 18303: 18298: 18293: 18288: 18283: 18278: 18273: 18268: 18263: 18258: 18253: 18247: 18245: 18239: 18238: 18236: 18235: 18229: 18227: 18221: 18220: 18218: 18217: 18212: 18207: 18202: 18197: 18192: 18187: 18182: 18177: 18172: 18167: 18162: 18157: 18152: 18146: 18144: 18138: 18137: 18135: 18134: 18129: 18124: 18119: 18114: 18109: 18104: 18099: 18094: 18089: 18084: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18054: 18049: 18044: 18039: 18034: 18029: 18024: 18019: 18014: 18009: 18004: 17999: 17994: 17988: 17986: 17980: 17979: 17977: 17976: 17971: 17966: 17961: 17955: 17953: 17947: 17946: 17944: 17943: 17938: 17933: 17928: 17923: 17918: 17913: 17908: 17903: 17898: 17893: 17888: 17883: 17878: 17873: 17868: 17863: 17858: 17853: 17848: 17843: 17838: 17833: 17828: 17823: 17818: 17813: 17807: 17805: 17799: 17798: 17796: 17795: 17790: 17785: 17780: 17775: 17770: 17765: 17760: 17755: 17750: 17745: 17740: 17735: 17730: 17725: 17720: 17715: 17710: 17705: 17700: 17695: 17690: 17685: 17680: 17674: 17672: 17666: 17665: 17663: 17662: 17657: 17652: 17647: 17642: 17637: 17632: 17627: 17622: 17617: 17612: 17607: 17602: 17597: 17592: 17587: 17582: 17577: 17572: 17567: 17562: 17557: 17552: 17547: 17542: 17537: 17532: 17527: 17522: 17516: 17514: 17508: 17507: 17505: 17504: 17499: 17494: 17489: 17484: 17479: 17474: 17469: 17464: 17459: 17454: 17449: 17444: 17439: 17434: 17429: 17424: 17419: 17414: 17409: 17404: 17399: 17394: 17389: 17384: 17379: 17373: 17371: 17365: 17364: 17362: 17361: 17356: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17225: 17223: 17217: 17216: 17214: 17213: 17208: 17203: 17198: 17193: 17188: 17183: 17178: 17173: 17168: 17163: 17158: 17153: 17148: 17143: 17138: 17133: 17128: 17123: 17118: 17113: 17108: 17103: 17098: 17093: 17088: 17083: 17078: 17073: 17067: 17065: 17059: 17058: 17056: 17055: 17049: 17047: 17041: 17040: 17038: 17037: 17031: 17029: 17023: 17022: 17020: 17019: 17014: 17009: 17004: 16999: 16994: 16989: 16984: 16979: 16974: 16969: 16964: 16959: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16939: 16934: 16929: 16924: 16918: 16916: 16910: 16909: 16907: 16906: 16901: 16896: 16891: 16886: 16881: 16876: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16851: 16846: 16841: 16836: 16831: 16826: 16821: 16816: 16811: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16791: 16786: 16781: 16775: 16773: 16767: 16766: 16764: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16743: 16737: 16735: 16729: 16728: 16726: 16725: 16719: 16717: 16711: 16710: 16708: 16707: 16702: 16697: 16692: 16687: 16682: 16677: 16672: 16667: 16662: 16657: 16652: 16647: 16642: 16637: 16632: 16627: 16622: 16617: 16612: 16606: 16604: 16598: 16597: 16595: 16594: 16589: 16584: 16579: 16574: 16569: 16563: 16561: 16555: 16554: 16552: 16551: 16546: 16541: 16536: 16531: 16526: 16521: 16516: 16510: 16508: 16502: 16501: 16499: 16498: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16473: 16468: 16463: 16458: 16453: 16448: 16443: 16438: 16433: 16428: 16423: 16418: 16413: 16408: 16403: 16398: 16393: 16388: 16383: 16378: 16373: 16368: 16363: 16358: 16352: 16350: 16344: 16343: 16341: 16340: 16335: 16330: 16325: 16320: 16315: 16310: 16305: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16285: 16280: 16275: 16270: 16265: 16260: 16254: 16252: 16246: 16245: 16240: 16231: 16230: 16222: 16221: 16214: 16207: 16199: 16190: 16189: 16187: 16186: 16174: 16168: 16165: 16164: 16162: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16149:Pistol dueling 16146: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16106: 16101: 16096: 16094:Gotland sports 16091: 16086: 16081: 16076: 16071: 16066: 16061: 16056: 16051: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16031: 16026: 16020: 16018: 16014: 16013: 16011: 16010: 16005: 16000: 15995: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15945: 15940: 15935: 15930: 15924: 15922: 15918: 15917: 15915: 15914: 15909: 15904: 15896: 15891: 15886: 15881: 15876: 15871: 15866: 15861: 15856: 15851: 15845: 15843: 15839: 15838: 15836: 15835: 15830: 15825: 15820: 15815: 15805: 15803: 15802:2028 additions 15799: 15798: 15796: 15795: 15789: 15787: 15783: 15782: 15780: 15779: 15778: 15777: 15772: 15767: 15762: 15757: 15752: 15744: 15743: 15742: 15737: 15732: 15730:Figure skating 15724: 15719: 15714: 15709: 15708: 15707: 15702: 15694: 15688: 15686: 15682: 15681: 15679: 15678: 15673: 15668: 15667: 15666: 15656: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15629:Sport climbing 15626: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15601: 15596: 15591: 15586: 15581: 15576: 15571: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15545: 15544: 15542:3x3 basketball 15534: 15529: 15524: 15519: 15518: 15517: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15493: 15491: 15487: 15486: 15479: 15478: 15471: 15464: 15456: 15447: 15446: 15434: 15431: 15430: 15428: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15392: 15387: 15385:Russian Empire 15382: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15355:Czechoslovakia 15352: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15331: 15329: 15325: 15324: 15322: 15321: 15316: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15296: 15290: 15288: 15284: 15283: 15281: 15280: 15275: 15270: 15265: 15260: 15255: 15250: 15245: 15240: 15235: 15230: 15225: 15220: 15215: 15210: 15205: 15204: 15203: 15193: 15191:American Samoa 15187: 15185: 15181: 15180: 15178: 15177: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15157: 15152: 15147: 15142: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15052: 15047: 15042: 15037: 15032: 15027: 15022: 15017: 15016: 15015: 15010: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14973:Czech Republic 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14950: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14914: 14912: 14908: 14907: 14905: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14889: 14884: 14879: 14874: 14869: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14849: 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14729: 14724: 14722:Chinese Taipei 14719: 14714: 14709: 14704: 14699: 14694: 14689: 14683: 14681: 14677: 14676: 14674: 14673: 14671:Virgin Islands 14668: 14663: 14658: 14657: 14656: 14651: 14641: 14636: 14631: 14626: 14621: 14616: 14611: 14606: 14601: 14596: 14591: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14571: 14566: 14561: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14514:Cayman Islands 14511: 14510: 14509: 14504: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14443: 14441: 14437: 14436: 14434: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14418: 14413: 14408: 14403: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14348: 14343: 14338: 14333: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14288: 14283: 14278: 14273: 14268: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14248: 14243: 14238: 14233: 14228: 14223: 14218: 14213: 14208: 14203: 14198: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14162: 14160: 14156: 14155: 14153: 14152: 14151: 14150: 14140: 14134: 14131: 14130: 14119: 14118: 14111: 14104: 14096: 14087: 14086: 14084: 14083: 14071: 14059: 14044: 14041: 14040: 14037: 14036: 14032: 14031: 14019: 14000: 13987: 13986: 13985: 13982: 13981: 13978: 13977: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13955: 13953:2012 Innsbruck 13949: 13948: 13946: 13942: 13941: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13928: 13921: 13914: 13909: 13904: 13902:2010 Singapore 13898: 13897: 13895: 13891: 13890: 13878: 13877: 13874: 13873: 13870: 13869: 13862: 13855: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13831:2010 Vancouver 13828: 13823: 13821:2002 Salt Lake 13818: 13813: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13786:1976 Innsbruck 13783: 13778: 13773: 13771:1964 Innsbruck 13768: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13741: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13713: 13712: 13710: 13704: 13703: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13690: 13683: 13676: 13669: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13647: 13642: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13620:1992 Barcelona 13617: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13582: 13577: 13575:1956 Melbourne 13572: 13567: 13562: 13555: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13536:1928 Amsterdam 13533: 13528: 13523: 13516: 13514:1912 Stockholm 13511: 13506: 13504:1904 St. Louis 13501: 13496: 13490: 13489: 13487: 13481: 13480: 13470: 13469: 13466: 13465: 13463: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13447: 13442: 13437: 13436: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13407: 13401: 13399: 13395: 13394: 13392: 13391: 13386: 13385: 13384: 13379: 13369: 13368: 13367: 13362: 13357: 13347: 13346: 13345: 13334: 13332: 13328: 13327: 13325: 13324: 13319: 13317:Olympic Laurel 13314: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13298: 13297: 13292: 13287: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13263: 13262: 13252: 13247: 13242: 13236: 13234: 13228: 13227: 13225: 13224: 13219: 13218: 13217: 13212: 13204: 13199: 13198: 13197: 13196: 13195: 13185: 13174: 13172: 13168: 13167: 13165: 13164: 13159: 13158: 13157: 13147: 13142: 13136: 13134: 13128: 13127: 13125: 13124: 13123: 13122: 13117: 13107: 13106: 13105: 13094: 13092: 13086: 13085: 13083: 13082: 13081: 13080: 13075: 13065: 13059: 13057: 13051: 13050: 13048: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13021: 13020: 13010: 13005: 13004: 13003: 12993: 12987: 12985: 12979: 12978: 12976: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12960: 12954: 12952: 12942: 12941: 12939: 12938: 12931: 12928:Olympic sports 12923: 12920: 12919: 12912: 12911: 12904: 12897: 12889: 12883: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12851: 12825: 12811: 12795: 12794:External links 12792: 12790: 12789: 12783: 12770: 12764: 12748: 12728: 12722: 12709: 12702: 12696: 12683: 12677: 12664: 12658: 12643: 12637: 12625:Boykoff, Jules 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12612: 12596: 12575: 12557:(3): 427–443. 12546: 12522: 12509: 12494: 12473: 12458: 12452: 12437: 12424: 12411: 12396: 12383: 12366: 12360: 12341: 12315: 12306: 12285: 12272: 12257: 12244: 12229: 12223: 12210: 12197: 12182: 12169: 12154: 12148: 12135: 12129: 12112: 12080: 12074: 12050: 12044: 12029: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12004: 12003: 11977: 11944: 11926: 11887: 11853: 11819: 11812: 11794: 11772: 11737: 11711: 11679: 11657: 11631: 11598: 11584: 11570: 11552: 11534: 11520: 11508: 11476: 11442: 11412: 11389: 11366: 11334: 11308: 11282: 11271: 11260: 11234: 11214: 11179: 11157: 11139: 11117: 11087: 11064: 11037: 11018: 10996: 10972: 10969:on 2 May 2013. 10944: 10931: 10908: 10886: 10863: 10839: 10811: 10790: 10766: 10738: 10714: 10686: 10660: 10636: 10610: 10584: 10549: 10523: 10504: 10477: 10447: 10421: 10395: 10373: 10335: 10303: 10277: 10251: 10228: 10216: 10170: 10164:978-0292739574 10163: 10140: 10114: 10085: 10059: 10048:. 30 July 2024 10033: 10003: 9984:. NBC Sports. 9973: 9947: 9920: 9899:Olympic Review 9882: 9880:, p. 106. 9870: 9855: 9827: 9801: 9775: 9748: 9711: 9685: 9655: 9633: 9611: 9589: 9578:on 31 May 2008 9563: 9543:Olympic Review 9527: 9516:(4): 423–448. 9500: 9480:Olympic Review 9464: 9431: 9409: 9394: 9372: 9342: 9320: 9293: 9260: 9228: 9196: 9185:. 12 July 1999 9170: 9163: 9145: 9110: 9092: 9070: 9048: 9029: 9000: 8953: 8923: 8891: 8879: 8857: 8845: 8815: 8793: 8767: 8746: 8716: 8690: 8679:. 18 July 2008 8662: 8651:. 12 July 1999 8636: 8616: 8594: 8564: 8538: 8506: 8467: 8441: 8397: 8360: 8323: 8289: 8253: 8235: 8215:Olympic Museum 8199: 8183: 8158: 8117: 8080: 8044: 8042:, p. cii. 8032: 8011: 7986: 7960: 7924: 7893: 7882:. 25 July 2021 7867: 7856:. 24 July 2021 7841: 7815: 7813:, p. 146. 7803: 7765: 7734: 7700: 7696:Tomlinson 2005 7688: 7681: 7663: 7625: 7606: 7585: 7564: 7536: 7524: 7494: 7464: 7421: 7404: 7387:Olympic Primer 7365: 7333: 7303: 7285: 7259: 7240: 7201: 7173: 7162:on 15 May 2011 7143: 7108: 7082: 7049: 7028: 7002: 6976: 6937: 6915: 6880: 6848: 6841: 6823:David Maraniss 6811: 6799: 6777: 6760:eurolympic.org 6747: 6721: 6695: 6663: 6641: 6613: 6602:. 27 July 2016 6587: 6561: 6535: 6500: 6441: 6412: 6390: 6362: 6336: 6310: 6284: 6246: 6220: 6191: 6130: 6097: 6066: 6012: 5984: 5957: 5927: 5897: 5871: 5845: 5813: 5787: 5761: 5747: 5733: 5707: 5681: 5655: 5629: 5603: 5573: 5545: 5520: 5499:paralympic.org 5486: 5460: 5438: 5410: 5384: 5358: 5356:Hines, p. xxii 5346: 5320: 5294: 5268: 5243: 5215: 5187: 5165: 5153: 5120: 5094: 5079: 5067: 5055: 5048: 5005: 4998: 4968: 4936: 4903: 4893:on 6 June 2010 4876: 4861: 4828: 4824:Swaddling 1999 4816: 4804: 4792: 4767: 4755: 4748: 4715: 4713:, p. 227. 4703: 4698:Perseus Hopper 4676: 4671:Perseus Hopper 4652: 4645: 4612: 4590: 4583:Swaddling 2000 4575: 4555: 4536:Stefan Lovgren 4527: 4489: 4456: 4422: 4398: 4374: 4346: 4321: 4297: 4272: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4248: 4227: 4206: 4193: 4168: 4155: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4097: 4095: 4094: 4082: 4080:Modern history 4070: 4049: 4046: 4042:Rio de Janeiro 3988:Main article: 3985: 3982: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3791: 3788: 3774: 3771: 3735:legal national 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3628:Vladimir Putin 3624:George W. Bush 3599: 3596: 3556:Maziah Mahusin 3518:Anita DeFrantz 3475:Fariba Rezayee 3440:United Kingdom 3425:Main article: 3422: 3419: 3395:Kamila Valieva 3351:Russian sports 3322:McLaren Report 3312: 3311: 3288:appears to be 3285: 3283: 3276: 3270: 3267: 3239:100-metre dash 3119:Main article: 3116: 3113: 3083:Ludvik Vaculik 3071:Věra Čáslavská 3054:Avery Brundage 2948:Gold medalist 2916: 2913: 2812:segregationist 2724:boycotted the 2717:United Kingdom 2634:Main article: 2631: 2628: 2623:Main article: 2620: 2617: 2595: 2592: 2494:Czech Republic 2480:Amateur sports 2475: 2472: 2386:figure skating 2344:Olympic sports 2342:Main article: 2339: 2336: 2280: 2277: 2252: 2249: 2237:Athens, Greece 2205: 2202: 2197:Main article: 2194: 2191: 2144:Olympic mascot 2125:Olympic Phryge 2094:Vestal Virgins 2086:Temple of Hera 2084:is lit at the 2033:Nairobi Treaty 1986:Main article: 1983: 1980: 1971: 1968: 1855: 1852: 1831: 1828: 1820:Avery Brundage 1815: 1812: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1736:Jacques Chirac 1676:Nagano Olympic 1643:Salt Lake City 1603:Avery Brundage 1598: 1595: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1575: 1562:(IFs) are the 1538: 1535: 1435: 1432: 1381: 1378: 1293: 1290: 1266:Main article: 1263: 1260: 1234:in Vancouver. 1222:(IOC) and the 1167:Main article: 1164: 1161: 1092:Main article: 1089: 1086: 1036:Main article: 1033: 1030: 1017:George Averoff 982:Main article: 979: 976: 920:Ottoman Empire 897: 894: 890:Crystal Palace 789:Cotswold Games 769: 766: 758: 755: 736:Isthmian Games 630:twelve labours 563:Main article: 560: 557: 529:Olympic medals 301: 300: 298: 297: 290: 283: 275: 272: 271: 270: 269: 264: 256: 255: 251: 250: 249: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 215: 214: 213:Regional games 210: 209: 208: 207: 202: 197: 192: 184: 183: 179: 178: 177: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 68: 67: 63: 62: 54: 53: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 27320: 27309: 27306: 27304: 27301: 27299: 27296: 27294: 27291: 27289: 27286: 27284: 27283:Olympic Games 27281: 27280: 27278: 27268: 27258: 27257: 27254: 27241: 27238: 27236: 27233: 27231: 27228: 27226: 27223: 27221: 27218: 27216: 27213: 27211: 27208: 27206: 27203: 27201: 27198: 27194: 27191: 27190: 27189: 27186: 27184: 27181: 27179: 27176: 27174: 27171: 27169: 27166: 27165: 27163: 27159: 27151: 27148: 27146: 27143: 27142: 27141: 27138: 27136: 27133: 27131: 27128: 27126: 27123: 27122: 27120: 27118: 27114: 27108: 27105: 27103: 27100: 27098: 27095: 27094: 27092: 27090: 27086: 27078: 27075: 27073: 27070: 27068: 27065: 27063: 27060: 27058: 27055: 27053: 27050: 27049: 27048: 27045: 27043: 27040: 27038: 27035: 27033: 27030: 27028: 27025: 27023: 27020: 27018: 27015: 27013: 27010: 27008: 27005: 27003: 27000: 26996: 26993: 26991: 26988: 26987: 26986: 26983: 26981: 26978: 26976: 26973: 26971: 26968: 26966: 26963: 26962: 26960: 26958: 26954: 26948: 26945: 26943: 26940: 26936: 26933: 26931: 26928: 26927: 26925: 26923: 26920: 26918: 26915: 26913: 26910: 26908: 26905: 26903: 26900: 26896: 26893: 26891: 26888: 26887: 26886: 26883: 26881: 26878: 26876: 26873: 26871: 26868: 26866: 26865:Over-the-line 26863: 26861: 26858: 26856: 26853: 26851: 26848: 26846: 26843: 26841: 26838: 26836: 26833: 26829: 26826: 26824: 26821: 26819: 26816: 26815: 26814: 26811: 26809: 26806: 26804: 26801: 26799: 26796: 26794: 26791: 26790: 26788: 26786: 26780: 26770: 26767: 26765: 26762: 26758: 26755: 26754: 26753: 26750: 26748: 26745: 26743: 26740: 26738: 26735: 26733: 26730: 26728: 26725: 26723: 26720: 26718: 26715: 26713: 26710: 26708: 26705: 26703: 26700: 26698: 26695: 26693: 26690: 26686: 26683: 26681: 26678: 26676: 26673: 26671: 26668: 26667: 26666: 26663: 26661: 26658: 26654: 26651: 26649: 26646: 26644: 26641: 26639: 26636: 26635: 26634: 26631: 26629: 26626: 26624: 26621: 26619: 26616: 26614: 26611: 26610: 26608: 26604: 26594: 26591: 26589: 26586: 26584: 26581: 26576: 26574: 26571: 26569: 26566: 26565: 26564: 26561: 26559: 26556: 26554: 26551: 26549: 26546: 26544: 26541: 26539: 26538:Elephant polo 26536: 26534: 26531: 26529: 26526: 26524: 26521: 26520: 26518: 26515: 26511: 26505: 26502: 26500: 26497: 26495: 26494:Street hockey 26492: 26490: 26487: 26485: 26482: 26478: 26475: 26473: 26470: 26469: 26468: 26467:Roller hockey 26465: 26463: 26460: 26458: 26455: 26451: 26448: 26446: 26443: 26441: 26438: 26437: 26436: 26433: 26431: 26428: 26426: 26423: 26419: 26416: 26415: 26414: 26411: 26409: 26406: 26402: 26399: 26398: 26397: 26394: 26392: 26389: 26388: 26386: 26383: 26379: 26371: 26368: 26367: 26366: 26363: 26361: 26358: 26354: 26351: 26349: 26346: 26344: 26341: 26339: 26336: 26335: 26334: 26331: 26329: 26326: 26324: 26321: 26319: 26316: 26314: 26311: 26307: 26304: 26301: 26299: 26296: 26295: 26294: 26291: 26289: 26286: 26284: 26281: 26279: 26276: 26275: 26272: 26269: 26263: 26253: 26250: 26248: 26245: 26243: 26240: 26238: 26235: 26234: 26232: 26228: 26222: 26219: 26217: 26214: 26210: 26207: 26205: 26202: 26200: 26197: 26195: 26192: 26190: 26187: 26185: 26182: 26180: 26177: 26175: 26172: 26170: 26167: 26165: 26164:American flag 26162: 26161: 26160: 26157: 26153: 26150: 26148: 26145: 26143: 26140: 26138: 26135: 26133: 26130: 26128: 26125: 26124: 26123: 26120: 26119: 26117: 26114: 26110: 26104: 26101: 26099: 26096: 26094: 26091: 26089: 26086: 26084: 26081: 26079: 26076: 26074: 26071: 26069: 26066: 26064: 26061: 26059: 26056: 26054: 26051: 26049: 26046: 26044: 26041: 26039: 26036: 26034: 26031: 26030: 26028: 26025: 26019: 26013: 26010: 26008: 26005: 26003: 26000: 25998: 25995: 25993: 25990: 25988: 25985: 25983: 25980: 25978: 25975: 25974: 25972: 25969: 25965: 25959: 25956: 25954: 25951: 25947: 25944: 25942: 25939: 25937: 25934: 25932: 25929: 25927: 25924: 25922: 25919: 25917: 25914: 25913: 25912: 25909: 25908: 25906: 25903: 25899: 25893: 25890: 25886: 25883: 25882: 25881: 25878: 25874: 25871: 25869: 25866: 25864: 25861: 25859: 25856: 25854: 25851: 25850: 25849: 25846: 25842: 25839: 25837: 25834: 25832: 25829: 25827: 25826:roller soccer 25824: 25822: 25819: 25817: 25814: 25812: 25809: 25807: 25806:Indoor soccer 25804: 25802: 25799: 25797: 25794: 25792: 25789: 25787: 25784: 25783: 25782: 25779: 25778: 25775: 25772: 25768: 25764: 25758: 25755: 25753: 25750: 25748: 25745: 25741: 25738: 25736: 25733: 25731: 25728: 25727: 25726: 25723: 25721: 25718: 25716: 25713: 25711: 25708: 25704: 25701: 25699: 25696: 25694: 25691: 25689: 25686: 25684: 25681: 25680: 25679: 25676: 25675: 25673: 25671:Basket sports 25669: 25666: 25664: 25660: 25654: 25651: 25649: 25646: 25644: 25641: 25639: 25636: 25635: 25632: 25628: 25621: 25616: 25614: 25609: 25607: 25602: 25601: 25598: 25586: 25585: 25576: 25574: 25573: 25564: 25562: 25561: 25552: 25551: 25548: 25544: 25541: 25539: 25536: 25533: 25532: 25529: 25519: 25516: 25514: 25511: 25509: 25506: 25504: 25501: 25499: 25496: 25495: 25493: 25489: 25483: 25480: 25478: 25475: 25473: 25470: 25468: 25465: 25463: 25460: 25458: 25455: 25453: 25450: 25448: 25445: 25443: 25440: 25438: 25435: 25433: 25430: 25429: 25427: 25425:International 25423: 25419: 25418:Winter sports 25414: 25410: 25400: 25397: 25395: 25392: 25390: 25387: 25385: 25382: 25380: 25377: 25375: 25372: 25370: 25367: 25365: 25362: 25360: 25357: 25355: 25352: 25350: 25347: 25345: 25342: 25340: 25337: 25335: 25332: 25330: 25327: 25325: 25322: 25320: 25317: 25315: 25312: 25310: 25307: 25305: 25302: 25300: 25297: 25295: 25292: 25290: 25287: 25285: 25282: 25281: 25279: 25273: 25267: 25264: 25262: 25259: 25257: 25254: 25252: 25249: 25247: 25246:Islamic Games 25244: 25242: 25239: 25237: 25234: 25232: 25229: 25227: 25224: 25222: 25219: 25218: 25216: 25210: 25204: 25201: 25199: 25196: 25194: 25191: 25189: 25186: 25184: 25181: 25179: 25176: 25172: 25171:Heraean Games 25169: 25167: 25164: 25162: 25159: 25157: 25156:Pythian Games 25154: 25152: 25149: 25148: 25147: 25144: 25142: 25139: 25138: 25136: 25128: 25121: 25117: 25107: 25104: 25102: 25099: 25098: 25096: 25092: 25083: 25082: 25080: 25078: 25075: 25071: 25068: 25067: 25066: 25063: 25059: 25056: 25054: 25051: 25050: 25049: 25046: 25044: 25041: 25037: 25034: 25032: 25029: 25027: 25024: 25023: 25021: 25019: 25016: 25014: 25011: 25009: 25006: 25004: 25001: 24999: 24996: 24994: 24991: 24987: 24984: 24982: 24979: 24978: 24977: 24974: 24970: 24967: 24965: 24962: 24960: 24957: 24955: 24952: 24951: 24949: 24947: 24944: 24943: 24941: 24937: 24927: 24924: 24922: 24919: 24917: 24916:Lakota Nation 24914: 24912: 24909: 24907: 24904: 24902: 24899: 24897: 24894: 24892: 24889: 24887: 24886:Massachusetts 24884: 24882: 24879: 24877: 24874: 24872: 24869: 24868: 24866: 24864:United States 24861: 24857: 24849: 24848:Warrior Games 24846: 24844: 24841: 24839: 24836: 24835: 24834: 24833:United States 24831: 24829: 24826: 24822: 24819: 24817: 24814: 24812: 24809: 24807: 24804: 24802: 24799: 24798: 24797: 24794: 24793: 24790: 24787: 24783: 24776: 24772: 24762: 24759: 24755: 24754:Jeux des îles 24752: 24750: 24747: 24745: 24742: 24741: 24739: 24737: 24734: 24732: 24729: 24727: 24724: 24722: 24719: 24718: 24716: 24712: 24706: 24705:Arafura Games 24703: 24701: 24698: 24696: 24695:Pacific Games 24693: 24691: 24688: 24686: 24683: 24682: 24680: 24676: 24670: 24667: 24665: 24662: 24660: 24657: 24655: 24652: 24650: 24647: 24645: 24642: 24640: 24637: 24635: 24632: 24630: 24627: 24625: 24622: 24620: 24617: 24615: 24614: 24610: 24609: 24607: 24603: 24597: 24596: 24592: 24590: 24587: 24585: 24582: 24580: 24577: 24573: 24570: 24568: 24565: 24563: 24560: 24558: 24555: 24554: 24552: 24548: 24545: 24543: 24540: 24538: 24535: 24533: 24530: 24526: 24523: 24521: 24518: 24517: 24516: 24513: 24512: 24510: 24509: 24507: 24503: 24495: 24492: 24491: 24489: 24485: 24482: 24480: 24477: 24475: 24472: 24470: 24467: 24466: 24464: 24460: 24457: 24455: 24452: 24450: 24447: 24446: 24444: 24440: 24437: 24435: 24432: 24431: 24430: 24427: 24423: 24420: 24418: 24415: 24414: 24412: 24408: 24405: 24403: 24400: 24398: 24395: 24393: 24390: 24389: 24388:Pan American 24387: 24386: 24384: 24380: 24374: 24371: 24369: 24366: 24364: 24361: 24359: 24356: 24354: 24353:African Games 24351: 24350: 24348: 24344: 24337: 24333: 24323: 24320: 24318: 24315: 24313: 24310: 24308: 24305: 24303: 24300: 24298: 24295: 24293: 24290: 24288: 24285: 24283: 24280: 24278: 24275: 24273: 24270: 24268: 24265: 24263: 24260: 24258: 24255: 24254: 24252: 24248: 24242: 24239: 24237: 24234: 24232: 24229: 24227: 24224: 24222: 24219: 24217: 24214: 24212: 24209: 24207: 24204: 24202: 24199: 24197: 24194: 24192: 24189: 24187: 24184: 24182: 24179: 24177: 24174: 24172: 24169: 24167: 24164: 24163: 24161: 24157: 24151: 24148: 24146: 24143: 24141: 24138: 24136: 24133: 24131: 24128: 24126: 24123: 24121: 24118: 24115: 24113: 24110: 24107: 24105: 24104:(Universiade) 24102: 24099: 24098: 24096: 24092: 24086: 24083: 24081: 24078: 24076: 24073: 24071: 24068: 24066: 24063: 24061: 24058: 24057: 24055: 24051: 24045: 24042: 24038: 24035: 24033: 24030: 24029: 24028: 24025: 24023: 24020: 24018: 24015: 24013: 24010: 24008: 24005: 24003: 24000: 23996: 23993: 23991: 23988: 23987: 23986: 23983: 23981: 23980:Arafura Games 23978: 23977: 23975: 23973: 23969: 23963: 23960: 23956: 23953: 23951: 23948: 23947: 23946: 23943: 23939: 23936: 23934: 23931: 23930: 23929: 23928:Olympic Games 23926: 23925: 23923: 23921: 23920:Olympic Games 23917: 23910: 23906: 23902: 23895: 23890: 23888: 23883: 23881: 23876: 23875: 23872: 23862: 23849: 23842: 23841: 23837: 23831: 23826: 23824: 23823: 23818: 23816: 23815: 23811: 23805: 23800: 23798: 23797: 23792: 23790: 23789: 23785: 23779: 23774: 23772: 23771: 23766: 23764: 23759: 23754: 23752: 23748: 23746: 23741: 23736: 23734: 23730: 23728: 23723: 23718: 23716: 23712: 23710: 23705: 23700: 23698: 23694: 23692: 23687: 23682: 23680: 23676: 23674: 23669: 23664: 23662: 23658: 23656: 23651: 23646: 23644: 23640: 23638: 23633: 23628: 23626: 23622: 23620: 23615: 23610: 23608: 23604: 23602: 23597: 23592: 23590: 23586: 23584: 23579: 23574: 23572: 23568: 23566: 23561: 23556: 23554: 23550: 23548: 23543: 23538: 23536: 23532: 23530: 23525: 23520: 23518: 23514: 23512: 23507: 23502: 23500: 23496: 23494: 23489: 23484: 23482: 23478: 23476: 23471: 23466: 23464: 23460: 23458: 23453: 23448: 23446: 23442: 23440: 23435: 23430: 23428: 23424: 23422: 23417: 23412: 23410: 23406: 23404: 23401: 23399: 23395: 23393: 23390: 23388: 23384: 23382: 23377: 23372: 23370: 23366: 23364: 23359: 23354: 23352: 23348: 23346: 23341: 23336: 23334: 23330: 23328: 23323: 23318: 23316: 23312: 23311: 23307: 23303: 23300: 23293: 23288: 23286: 23281: 23279: 23274: 23273: 23270: 23260: 23256: 23252: 23246: 23239: 23238: 23233: 23228: 23226: 23221: 23219: 23215: 23210: 23208: 23203: 23198: 23193: 23191: 23187: 23182: 23177: 23175: 23171: 23169: 23164: 23159: 23157: 23153: 23148: 23143: 23141: 23137: 23135: 23130: 23125: 23123: 23119: 23114: 23109: 23107: 23103: 23101: 23096: 23091: 23089: 23085: 23083: 23078: 23073: 23071: 23067: 23065: 23060: 23055: 23053: 23049: 23047: 23042: 23037: 23035: 23031: 23026: 23021: 23019: 23015: 23013: 23008: 23003: 23001: 22997: 22995: 22990: 22985: 22983: 22979: 22977: 22972: 22967: 22965: 22961: 22959: 22954: 22949: 22947: 22943: 22941: 22936: 22931: 22929: 22925: 22923: 22918: 22913: 22911: 22907: 22905: 22900: 22895: 22893: 22889: 22887: 22882: 22877: 22875: 22871: 22866: 22861: 22859: 22855: 22853: 22850: 22848: 22844: 22842: 22839: 22837: 22833: 22831: 22826: 22821: 22819: 22815: 22813: 22808: 22803: 22801: 22797: 22795: 22790: 22785: 22783: 22779: 22774: 22769: 22767: 22763: 22761: 22756: 22751: 22749: 22745: 22743: 22740: 22738: 22734: 22732: 22727: 22722: 22720: 22716: 22714: 22709: 22704: 22702: 22698: 22696: 22691: 22686: 22684: 22680: 22678: 22673: 22668: 22666: 22662: 22660: 22655: 22650: 22648: 22644: 22643: 22639: 22635: 22632: 22625: 22620: 22618: 22613: 22611: 22606: 22605: 22602: 22590: 22589: 22580: 22578: 22577: 22568: 22566: 22565: 22554: 22553: 22549: 22548: 22544: 22543: 22540: 22530: 22529: 22525: 22523: 22520: 22518: 22515: 22513: 22510: 22508: 22505: 22503: 22500: 22498: 22495: 22493: 22490: 22488: 22485: 22483: 22480: 22478: 22475: 22473: 22470: 22468: 22465: 22463: 22460: 22458: 22455: 22453: 22450: 22448: 22445: 22443: 22440: 22438: 22435: 22433: 22430: 22428: 22425: 22423: 22420: 22418: 22415: 22413: 22410: 22408: 22405: 22404: 22402: 22398: 22392: 22389: 22387: 22386:Speed skating 22384: 22382: 22379: 22377: 22374: 22372: 22369: 22367: 22364: 22362: 22359: 22357: 22354: 22352: 22349: 22347: 22344: 22342: 22339: 22337: 22334: 22332: 22329: 22327: 22324: 22322: 22319: 22317: 22316:Alpine skiing 22314: 22313: 22311: 22307: 22301: 22298: 22296: 22293: 22291: 22288: 22286: 22283: 22281: 22278: 22276: 22273: 22271: 22268: 22266: 22263: 22262: 22260: 22256: 22253: 22251: 22247: 22237: 22236: 22232: 22230: 22229: 22225: 22223: 22220: 22218: 22215: 22213: 22210: 22208: 22205: 22203: 22200: 22198: 22195: 22193: 22190: 22188: 22185: 22183: 22180: 22178: 22175: 22173: 22170: 22168: 22165: 22163: 22160: 22158: 22155: 22153: 22150: 22148: 22145: 22143: 22140: 22138: 22135: 22133: 22130: 22128: 22125: 22123: 22120: 22118: 22115: 22113: 22110: 22108: 22105: 22103: 22100: 22098: 22095: 22093: 22090: 22088: 22085: 22083: 22080: 22078: 22075: 22074: 22072: 22068: 22062: 22059: 22057: 22054: 22052: 22049: 22047: 22046:Weightlifting 22044: 22042: 22039: 22037: 22034: 22032: 22029: 22027: 22024: 22022: 22019: 22017: 22014: 22012: 22009: 22007: 22004: 22002: 21999: 21997: 21994: 21992: 21989: 21987: 21984: 21982: 21979: 21977: 21974: 21972: 21969: 21967: 21964: 21962: 21959: 21957: 21954: 21952: 21949: 21947: 21944: 21942: 21939: 21937: 21934: 21932: 21929: 21927: 21924: 21922: 21919: 21917: 21914: 21912: 21909: 21907: 21904: 21902: 21899: 21897: 21894: 21892: 21889: 21887: 21884: 21883: 21881: 21877: 21871: 21868: 21866: 21863: 21861: 21858: 21856: 21853: 21851: 21848: 21846: 21843: 21841: 21838: 21836: 21833: 21831: 21828: 21826: 21823: 21821: 21818: 21816: 21813: 21811: 21808: 21806: 21803: 21801: 21798: 21797: 21795: 21791: 21788: 21786: 21782: 21776: 21773: 21771: 21768: 21766: 21763: 21762: 21759: 21755: 21748: 21743: 21741: 21736: 21734: 21729: 21728: 21725: 21715: 21703: 21693: 21690: 21688: 21685: 21683: 21680: 21678: 21675: 21673: 21670: 21668: 21665: 21663: 21660: 21658: 21655: 21653: 21650: 21648: 21645: 21643: 21640: 21638: 21635: 21633: 21630: 21628: 21625: 21623: 21620: 21618: 21615: 21613: 21610: 21608: 21605: 21603: 21600: 21598: 21595: 21593: 21590: 21588: 21585: 21583: 21580: 21578: 21575: 21574: 21572: 21570: 21569:Speed skating 21566: 21560: 21557: 21555: 21552: 21550: 21547: 21545: 21542: 21540: 21537: 21535: 21532: 21530: 21527: 21526: 21524: 21522: 21518: 21512: 21509: 21507: 21504: 21502: 21499: 21497: 21494: 21492: 21489: 21487: 21484: 21482: 21479: 21477: 21474: 21472: 21469: 21467: 21464: 21462: 21459: 21457: 21454: 21452: 21449: 21447: 21444: 21442: 21439: 21437: 21434: 21432: 21429: 21427: 21424: 21422: 21419: 21417: 21414: 21412: 21409: 21407: 21404: 21402: 21399: 21397: 21394: 21393: 21391: 21389: 21385: 21379: 21376: 21374: 21371: 21369: 21366: 21364: 21361: 21359: 21356: 21354: 21351: 21349: 21346: 21344: 21341: 21340: 21338: 21336: 21332: 21326: 21323: 21321: 21318: 21316: 21313: 21311: 21308: 21306: 21303: 21301: 21298: 21296: 21293: 21291: 21288: 21286: 21283: 21282: 21280: 21278: 21274: 21268: 21265: 21263: 21260: 21258: 21255: 21253: 21250: 21248: 21245: 21243: 21240: 21238: 21235: 21233: 21230: 21228: 21225: 21223: 21220: 21218: 21215: 21213: 21210: 21208: 21205: 21203: 21200: 21198: 21195: 21193: 21190: 21188: 21185: 21183: 21180: 21178: 21175: 21173: 21170: 21168: 21165: 21163: 21160: 21158: 21155: 21153: 21150: 21149: 21147: 21145: 21141: 21135: 21132: 21130: 21127: 21125: 21122: 21120: 21117: 21115: 21112: 21110: 21107: 21105: 21102: 21100: 21097: 21095: 21092: 21090: 21087: 21085: 21082: 21080: 21077: 21075: 21072: 21070: 21067: 21065: 21062: 21060: 21057: 21056: 21054: 21052: 21048: 21042: 21039: 21037: 21034: 21032: 21029: 21027: 21024: 21022: 21019: 21017: 21014: 21012: 21009: 21007: 21004: 21002: 20999: 20997: 20994: 20992: 20989: 20987: 20984: 20982: 20979: 20977: 20974: 20972: 20969: 20967: 20964: 20962: 20959: 20957: 20954: 20952: 20949: 20947: 20944: 20942: 20939: 20937: 20934: 20932: 20929: 20927: 20924: 20922: 20919: 20918: 20916: 20914: 20910: 20904: 20901: 20899: 20896: 20894: 20891: 20889: 20886: 20884: 20881: 20879: 20876: 20874: 20871: 20869: 20866: 20864: 20861: 20860: 20858: 20856: 20852: 20846: 20843: 20841: 20838: 20836: 20833: 20831: 20828: 20826: 20823: 20821: 20818: 20816: 20813: 20811: 20808: 20806: 20803: 20801: 20798: 20796: 20793: 20791: 20788: 20786: 20783: 20781: 20778: 20776: 20773: 20771: 20768: 20766: 20763: 20761: 20758: 20756: 20753: 20751: 20748: 20746: 20743: 20741: 20738: 20736: 20733: 20731: 20728: 20726: 20723: 20721: 20718: 20717: 20714: 20713: 20711: 20709: 20705: 20699: 20696: 20694: 20691: 20689: 20686: 20684: 20681: 20679: 20676: 20674: 20671: 20669: 20666: 20664: 20661: 20660: 20658: 20656: 20652: 20646: 20643: 20641: 20638: 20636: 20633: 20631: 20628: 20626: 20623: 20621: 20618: 20616: 20613: 20611: 20608: 20606: 20603: 20601: 20598: 20596: 20593: 20591: 20588: 20586: 20583: 20581: 20578: 20576: 20573: 20571: 20568: 20566: 20563: 20561: 20558: 20556: 20553: 20551: 20548: 20546: 20543: 20541: 20538: 20536: 20533: 20531: 20528: 20527: 20525: 20523: 20519: 20513: 20510: 20508: 20505: 20503: 20500: 20498: 20495: 20493: 20490: 20488: 20485: 20483: 20480: 20478: 20475: 20473: 20470: 20468: 20465: 20463: 20460: 20458: 20455: 20453: 20450: 20448: 20445: 20443: 20440: 20438: 20435: 20433: 20430: 20428: 20425: 20423: 20420: 20418: 20415: 20413: 20410: 20408: 20405: 20403: 20400: 20399: 20397: 20395: 20391: 20385: 20382: 20380: 20377: 20375: 20372: 20370: 20367: 20365: 20362: 20360: 20357: 20355: 20352: 20350: 20347: 20345: 20342: 20340: 20337: 20335: 20332: 20330: 20327: 20325: 20322: 20320: 20317: 20315: 20312: 20310: 20307: 20305: 20302: 20300: 20297: 20296: 20294: 20292: 20288: 20282: 20279: 20277: 20274: 20272: 20269: 20267: 20264: 20262: 20259: 20257: 20254: 20252: 20249: 20247: 20244: 20242: 20239: 20237: 20234: 20232: 20229: 20227: 20224: 20222: 20219: 20217: 20214: 20212: 20209: 20207: 20204: 20202: 20199: 20197: 20194: 20192: 20189: 20187: 20184: 20182: 20179: 20178: 20176: 20174: 20173:Alpine skiing 20170: 20166: 20164:Winter sports 20159: 20155: 20145: 20142: 20140: 20137: 20135: 20132: 20130: 20127: 20125: 20122: 20120: 20117: 20115: 20112: 20110: 20107: 20105: 20102: 20100: 20097: 20095: 20092: 20090: 20087: 20085: 20082: 20080: 20077: 20075: 20072: 20070: 20067: 20065: 20062: 20060: 20057: 20055: 20052: 20050: 20047: 20045: 20042: 20040: 20037: 20035: 20032: 20030: 20027: 20025: 20022: 20020: 20017: 20015: 20012: 20010: 20007: 20006: 20004: 20002: 19998: 19992: 19989: 19987: 19984: 19982: 19979: 19977: 19974: 19972: 19969: 19967: 19964: 19962: 19959: 19957: 19954: 19952: 19949: 19947: 19944: 19942: 19939: 19937: 19934: 19932: 19929: 19927: 19924: 19922: 19919: 19917: 19914: 19912: 19909: 19907: 19904: 19902: 19899: 19897: 19894: 19892: 19889: 19887: 19884: 19882: 19879: 19877: 19874: 19872: 19869: 19867: 19864: 19863: 19861: 19859: 19858:Weightlifting 19855: 19849: 19846: 19844: 19841: 19839: 19836: 19834: 19831: 19829: 19826: 19824: 19821: 19819: 19816: 19814: 19811: 19809: 19806: 19804: 19801: 19799: 19796: 19794: 19791: 19789: 19786: 19784: 19781: 19779: 19776: 19774: 19771: 19769: 19766: 19764: 19761: 19759: 19756: 19754: 19751: 19749: 19746: 19744: 19741: 19739: 19736: 19734: 19731: 19729: 19726: 19724: 19721: 19719: 19716: 19714: 19711: 19710: 19708: 19706: 19702: 19696: 19693: 19691: 19688: 19687: 19685: 19681: 19675: 19672: 19670: 19667: 19665: 19662: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19652: 19650: 19647: 19645: 19642: 19640: 19637: 19635: 19632: 19630: 19627: 19625: 19622: 19620: 19617: 19615: 19612: 19610: 19607: 19605: 19602: 19601: 19599: 19597: 19593: 19587: 19584: 19582: 19579: 19577: 19574: 19572: 19569: 19567: 19564: 19563: 19561: 19559: 19555: 19549: 19546: 19544: 19541: 19539: 19536: 19534: 19531: 19529: 19526: 19524: 19521: 19520: 19518: 19516: 19512: 19506: 19503: 19501: 19498: 19496: 19493: 19491: 19488: 19486: 19483: 19481: 19478: 19476: 19473: 19471: 19468: 19466: 19463: 19461: 19458: 19456: 19453: 19451: 19448: 19446: 19443: 19441: 19438: 19436: 19433: 19431: 19428: 19427: 19425: 19423: 19419: 19413: 19410: 19408: 19405: 19403: 19400: 19398: 19395: 19393: 19390: 19388: 19385: 19384: 19382: 19380: 19376: 19370: 19367: 19365: 19362: 19360: 19357: 19355: 19352: 19350: 19347: 19345: 19342: 19340: 19337: 19335: 19332: 19330: 19327: 19326: 19324: 19322: 19318: 19312: 19309: 19307: 19304: 19302: 19299: 19297: 19294: 19292: 19289: 19287: 19284: 19282: 19279: 19277: 19274: 19272: 19269: 19267: 19264: 19263: 19261: 19259: 19255: 19249: 19246: 19244: 19241: 19239: 19236: 19234: 19231: 19229: 19226: 19224: 19221: 19219: 19216: 19214: 19211: 19209: 19206: 19204: 19201: 19199: 19196: 19194: 19191: 19189: 19186: 19184: 19181: 19179: 19176: 19174: 19171: 19169: 19166: 19164: 19161: 19159: 19156: 19154: 19151: 19149: 19146: 19144: 19141: 19139: 19136: 19134: 19131: 19129: 19126: 19124: 19121: 19119: 19116: 19114: 19111: 19109: 19106: 19105: 19103: 19101: 19097: 19091: 19088: 19086: 19083: 19081: 19078: 19076: 19073: 19071: 19068: 19067: 19065: 19063: 19059: 19053: 19050: 19048: 19045: 19043: 19040: 19038: 19035: 19033: 19030: 19028: 19025: 19023: 19020: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19008: 19005: 19003: 19000: 18998: 18995: 18993: 18990: 18988: 18985: 18983: 18980: 18978: 18975: 18973: 18970: 18968: 18965: 18963: 18960: 18958: 18955: 18953: 18950: 18948: 18945: 18943: 18940: 18938: 18935: 18933: 18930: 18928: 18925: 18923: 18920: 18919: 18917: 18915: 18911: 18905: 18902: 18900: 18897: 18895: 18892: 18890: 18887: 18885: 18882: 18880: 18877: 18875: 18872: 18870: 18867: 18865: 18862: 18860: 18857: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18840: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18825: 18822: 18820: 18817: 18815: 18812: 18810: 18807: 18805: 18802: 18800: 18797: 18795: 18792: 18790: 18787: 18785: 18782: 18780: 18777: 18775: 18772: 18771: 18769: 18767: 18763: 18757: 18754: 18752: 18749: 18748: 18746: 18744: 18740: 18734: 18731: 18729: 18726: 18724: 18721: 18719: 18716: 18715: 18713: 18711: 18707: 18701: 18698: 18696: 18693: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18683: 18681: 18678: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18621: 18618: 18616: 18613: 18611: 18608: 18606: 18603: 18601: 18598: 18596: 18593: 18591: 18588: 18586: 18583: 18581: 18578: 18576: 18573: 18571: 18568: 18566: 18563: 18562: 18560: 18558: 18554: 18550: 18546: 18544: 18540: 18534: 18531: 18530: 18528: 18526: 18522: 18516: 18513: 18511: 18508: 18506: 18503: 18501: 18498: 18496: 18493: 18492: 18490: 18488: 18484: 18478: 18475: 18473: 18470: 18468: 18465: 18463: 18460: 18458: 18455: 18453: 18450: 18448: 18445: 18443: 18440: 18438: 18435: 18433: 18430: 18428: 18425: 18423: 18420: 18418: 18415: 18413: 18410: 18408: 18405: 18403: 18400: 18398: 18395: 18393: 18390: 18388: 18385: 18383: 18380: 18378: 18375: 18373: 18370: 18368: 18365: 18363: 18360: 18358: 18355: 18354: 18352: 18350: 18346: 18340: 18337: 18335: 18332: 18331: 18329: 18327: 18323: 18317: 18314: 18312: 18309: 18307: 18304: 18302: 18299: 18297: 18294: 18292: 18289: 18287: 18284: 18282: 18279: 18277: 18274: 18272: 18269: 18267: 18264: 18262: 18259: 18257: 18254: 18252: 18249: 18248: 18246: 18244: 18240: 18234: 18231: 18230: 18228: 18226: 18222: 18216: 18213: 18211: 18208: 18206: 18203: 18201: 18198: 18196: 18193: 18191: 18188: 18186: 18183: 18181: 18178: 18176: 18173: 18171: 18168: 18166: 18163: 18161: 18158: 18156: 18153: 18151: 18148: 18147: 18145: 18143: 18139: 18133: 18130: 18128: 18125: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18105: 18103: 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18045: 18043: 18040: 18038: 18035: 18033: 18030: 18028: 18025: 18023: 18020: 18018: 18015: 18013: 18010: 18008: 18005: 18003: 18000: 17998: 17995: 17993: 17990: 17989: 17987: 17985: 17981: 17975: 17972: 17970: 17967: 17965: 17962: 17960: 17957: 17956: 17954: 17952: 17948: 17942: 17939: 17937: 17934: 17932: 17929: 17927: 17924: 17922: 17919: 17917: 17914: 17912: 17909: 17907: 17904: 17902: 17899: 17897: 17894: 17892: 17889: 17887: 17884: 17882: 17879: 17877: 17874: 17872: 17869: 17867: 17864: 17862: 17859: 17857: 17854: 17852: 17849: 17847: 17844: 17842: 17839: 17837: 17834: 17832: 17829: 17827: 17824: 17822: 17819: 17817: 17814: 17812: 17809: 17808: 17806: 17804: 17800: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17776: 17774: 17771: 17769: 17766: 17764: 17761: 17759: 17756: 17754: 17751: 17749: 17746: 17744: 17741: 17739: 17736: 17734: 17731: 17729: 17726: 17724: 17721: 17719: 17716: 17714: 17711: 17709: 17706: 17704: 17701: 17699: 17696: 17694: 17691: 17689: 17686: 17684: 17681: 17679: 17676: 17675: 17673: 17671: 17667: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17648: 17646: 17643: 17641: 17638: 17636: 17633: 17631: 17628: 17626: 17623: 17621: 17618: 17616: 17613: 17611: 17608: 17606: 17603: 17601: 17598: 17596: 17593: 17591: 17588: 17586: 17583: 17581: 17578: 17576: 17573: 17571: 17568: 17566: 17563: 17561: 17558: 17556: 17553: 17551: 17548: 17546: 17543: 17541: 17538: 17536: 17533: 17531: 17528: 17526: 17523: 17521: 17518: 17517: 17515: 17513: 17509: 17503: 17500: 17498: 17495: 17493: 17490: 17488: 17485: 17483: 17480: 17478: 17475: 17473: 17470: 17468: 17465: 17463: 17460: 17458: 17455: 17453: 17450: 17448: 17445: 17443: 17440: 17438: 17435: 17433: 17430: 17428: 17425: 17423: 17420: 17418: 17415: 17413: 17410: 17408: 17405: 17403: 17400: 17398: 17395: 17393: 17390: 17388: 17385: 17383: 17380: 17378: 17375: 17374: 17372: 17370: 17366: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17226: 17224: 17222: 17218: 17212: 17209: 17207: 17204: 17202: 17199: 17197: 17194: 17192: 17189: 17187: 17184: 17182: 17179: 17177: 17174: 17172: 17169: 17167: 17164: 17162: 17159: 17157: 17154: 17152: 17149: 17147: 17144: 17142: 17139: 17137: 17134: 17132: 17129: 17127: 17124: 17122: 17119: 17117: 17114: 17112: 17109: 17107: 17104: 17102: 17099: 17097: 17094: 17092: 17089: 17087: 17084: 17082: 17079: 17077: 17074: 17072: 17069: 17068: 17066: 17064: 17060: 17054: 17051: 17050: 17048: 17046: 17042: 17036: 17033: 17032: 17030: 17028: 17024: 17018: 17015: 17013: 17010: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16973: 16970: 16968: 16965: 16963: 16960: 16958: 16955: 16953: 16950: 16948: 16945: 16943: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16928: 16925: 16923: 16920: 16919: 16917: 16915: 16911: 16905: 16902: 16900: 16897: 16895: 16892: 16890: 16887: 16885: 16882: 16880: 16877: 16875: 16872: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16807: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16790: 16787: 16785: 16782: 16780: 16777: 16776: 16774: 16772: 16768: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16747: 16744: 16742: 16739: 16738: 16736: 16734: 16730: 16724: 16721: 16720: 16718: 16716: 16715:Basque pelota 16712: 16706: 16703: 16701: 16698: 16696: 16693: 16691: 16688: 16686: 16683: 16681: 16678: 16676: 16673: 16671: 16668: 16666: 16663: 16661: 16658: 16656: 16653: 16651: 16648: 16646: 16643: 16641: 16638: 16636: 16633: 16631: 16628: 16626: 16623: 16621: 16618: 16616: 16613: 16611: 16608: 16607: 16605: 16603: 16599: 16593: 16590: 16588: 16585: 16583: 16580: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16564: 16562: 16560: 16556: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16542: 16540: 16537: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16520: 16517: 16515: 16512: 16511: 16509: 16507: 16503: 16497: 16494: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16452: 16449: 16447: 16444: 16442: 16439: 16437: 16434: 16432: 16429: 16427: 16424: 16422: 16419: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16407: 16404: 16402: 16399: 16397: 16394: 16392: 16389: 16387: 16384: 16382: 16379: 16377: 16374: 16372: 16369: 16367: 16364: 16362: 16359: 16357: 16354: 16353: 16351: 16349: 16345: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16326: 16324: 16321: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16284: 16281: 16279: 16276: 16274: 16271: 16269: 16266: 16264: 16261: 16259: 16256: 16255: 16253: 16251: 16247: 16243: 16241:Summer sports 16236: 16232: 16227: 16226:Olympic Games 16220: 16215: 16213: 16208: 16206: 16201: 16200: 16197: 16185: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16169: 16166: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16144:Pigeon racing 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16105: 16104:Indian sports 16102: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16080: 16079:Fire fighting 16077: 16075: 16072: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16021: 16019: 16015: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 15999: 15996: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15973:Roller hockey 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15939: 15936: 15934: 15931: 15929: 15926: 15925: 15923: 15919: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15905: 15900: 15897: 15895: 15892: 15890: 15887: 15885: 15882: 15880: 15877: 15875: 15872: 15870: 15867: 15865: 15862: 15860: 15857: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15849:Basque pelota 15847: 15846: 15844: 15840: 15834: 15831: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15823:Flag football 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15810: 15807: 15806: 15804: 15800: 15794: 15791: 15790: 15788: 15786:2026 addition 15784: 15776: 15773: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15761: 15758: 15756: 15753: 15751: 15750:Alpine skiing 15748: 15747: 15745: 15741: 15740:Speed skating 15738: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15728: 15727: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15710: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15697: 15695: 15693: 15690: 15689: 15687: 15685:Winter sports 15683: 15677: 15674: 15672: 15671:Weightlifting 15669: 15665: 15662: 15661: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15624:Skateboarding 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15590: 15587: 15585: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15543: 15540: 15539: 15538: 15535: 15533: 15530: 15528: 15525: 15523: 15520: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15497: 15495: 15494: 15492: 15490:Summer sports 15488: 15484: 15477: 15472: 15470: 15465: 15463: 15458: 15457: 15454: 15444: 15432: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15332: 15330: 15326: 15320: 15317: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15291: 15289: 15285: 15279: 15276: 15274: 15271: 15269: 15266: 15264: 15261: 15259: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15231: 15229: 15226: 15224: 15221: 15219: 15216: 15214: 15211: 15209: 15206: 15202: 15199: 15198: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15188: 15186: 15182: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15065:Liechtenstein 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15038: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15020:Great Britain 15018: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15005: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14915: 14913: 14909: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14693: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14684: 14682: 14678: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14646: 14645: 14644:United States 14642: 14640: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14610: 14607: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14597: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14572: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14560: 14557: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14515: 14512: 14508: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14499: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14444: 14442: 14438: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14417: 14414: 14412: 14409: 14407: 14404: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14347: 14344: 14342: 14339: 14337: 14334: 14332: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14281:Guinea-Bissau 14279: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14259: 14257: 14254: 14252: 14249: 14247: 14244: 14242: 14239: 14237: 14234: 14232: 14229: 14227: 14224: 14222: 14219: 14217: 14214: 14212: 14209: 14207: 14204: 14202: 14199: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14163: 14161: 14157: 14149: 14146: 14145: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14135: 14132: 14128: 14127:Olympic Games 14124: 14117: 14112: 14110: 14105: 14103: 14098: 14097: 14094: 14082: 14081: 14072: 14070: 14069: 14060: 14058: 14057: 14046: 14045: 14042: 14029: 14023: 14017: 14011: 14009: 14007: 14005: 13998: 13992: 13988: 13983: 13976: 13975: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13963:2020 Lausanne 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13950: 13947: 13943: 13938: 13927: 13926: 13922: 13920: 13919: 13915: 13913: 13910: 13908: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13899: 13896: 13892: 13888: 13883: 13879: 13868: 13867: 13863: 13861: 13860: 13856: 13854: 13853: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13796:1984 Sarajevo 13794: 13792: 13789: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13776:1968 Grenoble 13774: 13772: 13769: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13742: 13740: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13717:1924 Chamonix 13715: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13705: 13700: 13689: 13688: 13684: 13682: 13681: 13677: 13675: 13674: 13673:2032 Brisbane 13670: 13668: 13667: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13600:1976 Montreal 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13570:1952 Helsinki 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13556: 13554: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13482: 13478:Olympic Games 13475: 13471: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13410: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13402: 13400: 13396: 13390: 13387: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13374: 13373: 13370: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13352: 13351: 13348: 13344: 13341: 13340: 13339: 13336: 13335: 13333: 13329: 13323: 13322:Olympic Order 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13283: 13282: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13261: 13258: 13257: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13237: 13235: 13233: 13229: 13223: 13220: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13207: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13194: 13191: 13190: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13180: 13179: 13176: 13175: 13173: 13169: 13163: 13160: 13156: 13153: 13152: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13137: 13135: 13133: 13129: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13112: 13111: 13108: 13104: 13101: 13100: 13099: 13096: 13095: 13093: 13091: 13087: 13079: 13078:country codes 13076: 13074: 13071: 13070: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13060: 13058: 13056: 13052: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13019: 13016: 13015: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13002: 12999: 12998: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12988: 12986: 12984: 12980: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12955: 12953: 12951: 12947: 12943: 12937: 12936: 12932: 12930: 12929: 12925: 12924: 12921: 12917: 12916:Olympic Games 12910: 12905: 12903: 12898: 12896: 12891: 12890: 12887: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12860: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12846: 12845:Olympic Games 12841: 12837: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12822: 12821: 12816: 12812: 12809: 12803: 12798: 12797: 12786: 12780: 12776: 12771: 12767: 12761: 12757: 12753: 12749: 12738: 12734: 12729: 12725: 12719: 12715: 12710: 12707: 12703: 12699: 12693: 12689: 12684: 12680: 12674: 12670: 12665: 12661: 12655: 12651: 12650: 12644: 12640: 12634: 12630: 12626: 12622: 12621: 12610: 12599: 12593: 12589: 12584: 12583: 12576: 12572: 12568: 12564: 12560: 12556: 12552: 12547: 12535: 12531: 12527: 12523: 12512: 12506: 12502: 12501: 12495: 12484: 12480: 12476: 12470: 12466: 12465: 12459: 12455: 12449: 12445: 12444: 12438: 12434: 12430: 12425: 12414: 12408: 12404: 12403: 12397: 12386: 12380: 12376: 12372: 12367: 12363: 12357: 12353: 12349: 12348: 12342: 12327: 12320: 12316: 12313: 12309: 12303: 12299: 12294: 12293: 12286: 12275: 12269: 12265: 12264: 12258: 12247: 12241: 12237: 12236: 12230: 12226: 12220: 12216: 12211: 12200: 12194: 12191:. Routledge. 12190: 12189: 12183: 12172: 12166: 12162: 12161: 12155: 12151: 12145: 12141: 12136: 12132: 12126: 12121: 12120: 12113: 12098: 12091: 12090: 12085: 12081: 12077: 12071: 12067: 12063: 12059: 12055: 12051: 12047: 12041: 12037: 12036: 12030: 12018: 12014: 12013: 11991: 11987: 11981: 11965: 11961: 11957: 11951: 11949: 11940: 11936: 11930: 11911: 11904: 11898: 11896: 11894: 11892: 11872: 11865: 11864: 11857: 11838: 11831: 11830: 11823: 11815: 11813:9781859184585 11809: 11805: 11798: 11782: 11776: 11757: 11750: 11749: 11741: 11726: 11722: 11715: 11696: 11689: 11683: 11667: 11661: 11645: 11641: 11635: 11619: 11615: 11614: 11609: 11602: 11594: 11588: 11580: 11574: 11566: 11562: 11556: 11548: 11544: 11538: 11530: 11524: 11517: 11512: 11493: 11486: 11480: 11464: 11460: 11456: 11452: 11446: 11430: 11426: 11422: 11416: 11408: 11404: 11400: 11393: 11385: 11381: 11377: 11370: 11354: 11350: 11349: 11344: 11338: 11322: 11318: 11312: 11296: 11292: 11286: 11280: 11275: 11269: 11264: 11249: 11245: 11238: 11230: 11229: 11224: 11218: 11202: 11198: 11197: 11191: 11183: 11175: 11171: 11167: 11161: 11153: 11149: 11143: 11135: 11131: 11127: 11121: 11105: 11101: 11097: 11091: 11083: 11079: 11075: 11068: 11052: 11048: 11041: 11033: 11029: 11022: 11014: 11010: 11006: 11000: 10992: 10988: 10987: 10982: 10976: 10968: 10964: 10963: 10958: 10951: 10949: 10941: 10935: 10927: 10923: 10919: 10912: 10904: 10900: 10896: 10890: 10882: 10878: 10874: 10867: 10859: 10858: 10853: 10849: 10843: 10828: 10827: 10822: 10815: 10807: 10806: 10801: 10794: 10786: 10785: 10780: 10776: 10775:Macur, Juliet 10770: 10755: 10754: 10749: 10742: 10734: 10733: 10728: 10724: 10718: 10703: 10702: 10697: 10690: 10675: 10671: 10664: 10656: 10655: 10650: 10646: 10640: 10624: 10620: 10614: 10598: 10594: 10588: 10572: 10568: 10567: 10561: 10553: 10537: 10533: 10527: 10519: 10515: 10508: 10500: 10496: 10495: 10489: 10481: 10465: 10461: 10457: 10451: 10435: 10431: 10425: 10410: 10406: 10399: 10383: 10377: 10361: 10357: 10353: 10352: 10346: 10339: 10320: 10313: 10307: 10291: 10287: 10281: 10266: 10262: 10255: 10239: 10232: 10226:, p. 15. 10225: 10220: 10204: 10200: 10196: 10192: 10191: 10185: 10177: 10175: 10166: 10160: 10156: 10155: 10147: 10145: 10129: 10125: 10118: 10102: 10098: 10092: 10090: 10073: 10069: 10063: 10047: 10043: 10037: 10021: 10017: 10013: 10007: 9991: 9987: 9983: 9977: 9961: 9957: 9951: 9935: 9931: 9924: 9905: 9901: 9900: 9892: 9886: 9879: 9874: 9866: 9859: 9844: 9843: 9838: 9831: 9816: 9812: 9805: 9790: 9786: 9779: 9763: 9759: 9752: 9745: 9744: 9729: 9725: 9721: 9715: 9699: 9695: 9689: 9673: 9669: 9665: 9659: 9643: 9637: 9621: 9615: 9599: 9598:"Moscow 1980" 9593: 9577: 9573: 9567: 9548: 9544: 9537: 9531: 9523: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9504: 9485: 9481: 9474: 9468: 9452: 9448: 9444: 9438: 9436: 9419: 9413: 9407: 9403: 9398: 9390: 9386: 9382: 9376: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9346: 9338: 9334: 9330: 9324: 9316: 9312: 9308: 9302: 9300: 9298: 9278: 9271: 9264: 9245: 9238: 9232: 9213: 9206: 9200: 9184: 9180: 9174: 9166: 9160: 9156: 9149: 9130: 9123: 9117: 9115: 9106: 9102: 9096: 9080: 9074: 9058: 9052: 9045: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9034: 9017: 9013: 9007: 9005: 8985: 8978: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8966: 8964: 8962: 8960: 8958: 8941: 8937: 8933: 8927: 8908: 8901: 8895: 8889:, p. 87. 8888: 8883: 8867: 8861: 8854: 8849: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8819: 8803: 8797: 8781: 8777: 8771: 8763: 8762: 8757: 8750: 8734: 8730: 8726: 8720: 8705: 8701: 8694: 8678: 8677: 8672: 8666: 8650: 8646: 8640: 8632: 8631: 8626: 8620: 8604: 8598: 8582: 8578: 8574: 8568: 8552: 8548: 8542: 8523: 8516: 8510: 8491: 8484: 8478: 8476: 8474: 8472: 8455: 8451: 8445: 8426: 8419: 8418: 8410: 8404: 8402: 8382: 8375: 8369: 8367: 8365: 8345: 8338: 8332: 8330: 8328: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8293: 8274: 8270: 8263: 8257: 8249: 8245: 8239: 8220: 8216: 8209: 8203: 8197: 8193: 8187: 8172: 8168: 8162: 8143: 8139: 8135: 8128: 8121: 8102: 8095: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8065: 8058: 8057:, March 2009" 8056: 8048: 8041: 8036: 8028: 8021: 8015: 8000: 7996: 7990: 7974: 7970: 7964: 7949: 7945: 7941: 7940: 7935: 7928: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7897: 7881: 7877: 7871: 7855: 7851: 7845: 7829: 7825: 7819: 7812: 7807: 7791: 7787: 7786: 7780: 7772: 7770: 7753: 7749: 7745: 7738: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7704: 7698:, p. 14. 7697: 7692: 7684: 7678: 7674: 7667: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7640: 7632: 7630: 7621: 7617: 7610: 7602: 7601: 7596: 7589: 7581: 7580: 7575: 7568: 7553: 7552: 7547: 7540: 7534:, p. 17. 7533: 7528: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7498: 7482: 7478: 7474: 7473:"Berlin 1936" 7468: 7460: 7456: 7455: 7450: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7428: 7426: 7419:, p. ci. 7418: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7378: 7376: 7374: 7372: 7370: 7361: 7357: 7356: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7299: 7295: 7289: 7273: 7269: 7263: 7255: 7251: 7244: 7225: 7221: 7214: 7208: 7206: 7190: 7189: 7184: 7177: 7161: 7157: 7156:Sporting Life 7153: 7147: 7131: 7127: 7126: 7120: 7112: 7097: 7093: 7086: 7078: 7077: 7072: 7065: 7064: 7059: 7053: 7045: 7044: 7039: 7032: 7017: 7016:Time Magazine 7013: 7006: 6992:, pp. A1 6991: 6987: 6980: 6961: 6957: 6950: 6944: 6942: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6919: 6903: 6899: 6898: 6892: 6884: 6868: 6864: 6863: 6858: 6852: 6844: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6829: 6824: 6818: 6816: 6808: 6803: 6787: 6781: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6751: 6735: 6731: 6725: 6709: 6705: 6699: 6680: 6673: 6667: 6651: 6645: 6629: 6628: 6623: 6617: 6601: 6597: 6591: 6576: 6572: 6565: 6549: 6545: 6539: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6504: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6466:(1): 111–48. 6465: 6461: 6460: 6452: 6445: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6424: 6416: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6394: 6378: 6377: 6372: 6366: 6350: 6346: 6340: 6324: 6320: 6314: 6298: 6294: 6288: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6266: 6265: 6260: 6253: 6251: 6234: 6230: 6224: 6216: 6210: 6202: 6195: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6134: 6118: 6114: 6109: 6101: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6070: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6028: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5988: 5972: 5969:. pravda.ru. 5968: 5961: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5931: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5901: 5885: 5881: 5875: 5860:on 2 May 2013 5859: 5855: 5849: 5830: 5823: 5817: 5801: 5797: 5791: 5775: 5771: 5765: 5757: 5751: 5743: 5737: 5722: 5718: 5711: 5696: 5692: 5685: 5669: 5665: 5659: 5643: 5639: 5633: 5617: 5613: 5607: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5577: 5561: 5560: 5555: 5549: 5541: 5537: 5536: 5531: 5524: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5474: 5470: 5464: 5448: 5442: 5426: 5425: 5420: 5414: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5372: 5368: 5362: 5353: 5351: 5334: 5330: 5324: 5308: 5304: 5298: 5282: 5278: 5272: 5257: 5253: 5247: 5231: 5230: 5225: 5219: 5203: 5202: 5197: 5191: 5175: 5174:"Athens 1896" 5169: 5162: 5157: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5127: 5125: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5092: 5088: 5083: 5076: 5071: 5064: 5063:Matthews 2005 5059: 5051: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5001: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4972: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4910: 4908: 4892: 4888: 4887: 4880: 4874:, p. 54. 4873: 4872:Crowther 2007 4868: 4866: 4846: 4839: 4832: 4825: 4820: 4814:, p. 95. 4813: 4808: 4802:, p. 24. 4801: 4796: 4781: 4777: 4771: 4764: 4763:Crowther 2007 4759: 4751: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4719: 4712: 4707: 4699: 4695: 4694: 4693:Olympian Odes 4689: 4683: 4681: 4672: 4668: 4667: 4662: 4656: 4648: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4619: 4617: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4571: 4570: 4565: 4559: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4531: 4523: 4519: 4518: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4453: 4449: 4448: 4443: 4442:Scott, Robert 4439: 4435: 4426: 4418: 4417: 4412: 4408: 4402: 4394: 4393: 4388: 4387:Ancient Greek 4384: 4378: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4351: 4342: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4325: 4317: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4293: 4292: 4287: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4268: 4262: 4258: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4213:All three of 4210: 4203: 4197: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4165: 4159: 4150: 4146: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4120:Olympic Order 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4098: 4093: 4083: 4081: 4071: 4069: 4068:Olympic Games 4059: 4058: 4055: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4014: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3991: 3981: 3979: 3978:United States 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3923:Great Britain 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3898: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3876:olive wreaths 3873: 3869: 3865: 3864:1904 Olympics 3861: 3860:1896 Olympics 3856: 3854: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3828:world records 3825: 3821: 3817: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3797: 3787: 3785: 3781: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3751:Georgi Tiblov 3748: 3744: 3739: 3736: 3721: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3641:were held in 3640: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3595: 3592: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3575: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3393:by the ROC's 3392: 3391:trimetazidine 3387: 3385: 3379: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3308: 3305:December 2022 3298: 3293: 3291: 3286:This article 3284: 3275: 3274: 3266: 3262: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3237:(who won the 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3187:to undermine 3186: 3182: 3178: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3143: 3139: 3138:1904 Olympics 3135: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3112: 3110: 3105: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3079:Larisa Petrik 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2939: 2935: 2934: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2858:United States 2855: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2696:(shaded blue) 2695: 2690: 2684:(shaded blue) 2683: 2678: 2672:(shaded blue) 2671: 2666: 2659: 2654: 2648:(shaded blue) 2647: 2642: 2637: 2626: 2619:Controversies 2616: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2591: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2529: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2432: 2430: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2402:speed skating 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2345: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2285: 2276: 2272: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2228: 2226: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2200: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2082:Olympic Flame 2077: 2072: 2070: 2069:Olympic creed 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2040:Olympic motto 2036: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2005:Olympic rings 1999: 1994: 1989: 1979: 1975: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1875: 1871: 1870:1936 Olympics 1867: 1866: 1860: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1795: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1732:Sebastian Coe 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1711: 1707:documentary, 1706: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1633: 1632:Franco regime 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1604: 1594: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1544: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1466: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1431: 1427: 1425: 1424:cost overruns 1421: 1416: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1274:Jacques Rogge 1269: 1258: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1047:Francis Field 1044: 1039: 1029: 1027: 1021: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1003: 999: 995: 990: 985: 975: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 947: 945: 941: 937: 936:Olympic Games 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 910: 906: 902: 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 866: 864: 860: 856: 852: 847: 845: 841: 833: 828: 824: 822: 821:metric system 818: 813: 808: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 782: 778: 774: 764: 754: 752: 751:Theodosius II 748: 744: 739: 737: 733: 729: 728:Pythian Games 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 696:famous statue 692: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 669: 665: 661: 657: 652: 647: 639: 635: 631: 626: 622: 617: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 587: 586:Ancient Greek 580: 576: 571: 566: 556: 552: 550: 546: 542: 538: 537:controversies 532: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 489: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 385: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 354: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 327:winter sports 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 307:Olympic Games 296: 291: 289: 284: 282: 277: 276: 274: 273: 268: 265: 263: 260: 259: 258: 257: 254:Defunct games 253: 252: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 236:Mediterranean 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 218: 217: 216: 212: 211: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 187: 186: 185: 181: 180: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 92: 90: 87: 85: 82: 80: 77: 75: 72: 71: 70: 69: 65: 64: 60: 56: 55: 52: 51:Olympic Games 49: 48: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 27225:Roller derby 27117:Water sports 27037:Sepak takraw 27027:Newcomb ball 26783:Bat-and-ball 26653:Longue paume 26648:Jeu de paume 26425:Floor hockey 26413:Field hockey 26122:Rugby league 25811:minifootball 25791:beach soccer 25653:Sportspeople 25582: 25570: 25558: 25538:Sub-national 25457:Commonwealth 25452:Nordic Games 25379:North Dakota 25324:FESPIC Games 25161:Nemean Games 25022:Philippines 24816:Saskatchewan 24749:Island Games 24611: 24593: 24449:CANUSA Games 24112:(Gymnasiade) 24111: 24103: 24002:Défi sportif 23927: 23919: 23834: 23821: 23819: 23808: 23795: 23793: 23782: 23769: 23767: 23749: 23731: 23713: 23695: 23677: 23659: 23641: 23623: 23605: 23587: 23569: 23551: 23533: 23515: 23497: 23479: 23475:Squaw Valley 23461: 23443: 23425: 23407: 23402: 23396: 23391: 23385: 23367: 23349: 23331: 23313: 23255:World War II 23223: 23222: 23205: 23204: 23188: 23172: 23154: 23138: 23120: 23104: 23086: 23068: 23050: 23032: 23016: 22998: 22980: 22962: 22944: 22926: 22908: 22890: 22872: 22856: 22851: 22845: 22840: 22834: 22816: 22798: 22780: 22764: 22746: 22741: 22735: 22717: 22699: 22681: 22663: 22645: 22587: 22575: 22563: 22545: 22526: 22381:Snowboarding 22258:Alphabetical 22250:Winter Games 22233: 22226: 22016:Table tennis 21986:Rugby sevens 21946:Field hockey 21793:Alphabetical 21785:Summer Games 21765:Olympic Park 21521:Snowboarding 19321:Table tennis 18743:Rugby sevens 18225:Jeu de paume 17670:Field hockey 16225: 16134:Motor racing 16124:Longue paume 16003:Water skiing 15998:Speed skiing 15869:Jeu de paume 15775:Snowboarding 15639:Table tennis 15609:Rugby sevens 15569:Field hockey 15415:Unified Team 15410:West Germany 15405:Soviet Union 15370:North Borneo 15360:East Germany 15208:Cook Islands 14882:Turkmenistan 14847:Saudi Arabia 14391:South Africa 14381:Sierra Leone 14186:Burkina Faso 14126: 14079: 14067: 14047: 14022: 14016:World War II 13991: 13972: 13968:2024 Gangwon 13923: 13916: 13907:2014 Nanjing 13864: 13857: 13850: 13846:2022 Beijing 13801:1988 Calgary 13781:1972 Sapporo 13738:1940 Sapporo 13685: 13678: 13671: 13664: 13640:2008 Beijing 13625:1996 Atlanta 13526:1920 Antwerp 13433:Pan-American 13409:Continental 13355:antisemitism 13202:Social media 13150:Torch relays 13140:Olympic Mass 13045:Olive wreath 12968:IOC meetings 12933: 12926: 12915: 12857: 12833: 12819: 12774: 12755: 12740:. Retrieved 12736: 12713: 12705: 12687: 12668: 12648: 12628: 12608: 12601:. Retrieved 12581: 12554: 12550: 12538:. Retrieved 12534:the original 12529: 12514:. Retrieved 12499: 12486:. Retrieved 12463: 12442: 12432: 12428: 12416:. Retrieved 12401: 12388:. Retrieved 12374: 12346: 12335:19 September 12333:. Retrieved 12326:the original 12311: 12291: 12277:. Retrieved 12262: 12249:. Retrieved 12234: 12214: 12202:. Retrieved 12187: 12174:. Retrieved 12159: 12139: 12118: 12104:. Retrieved 12097:the original 12088: 12065: 12034: 12021:. Retrieved 11994:. Retrieved 11989: 11980: 11968:. Retrieved 11964:the original 11959: 11938: 11929: 11917:. Retrieved 11910:the original 11878:. Retrieved 11871:the original 11862: 11856: 11844:. Retrieved 11837:the original 11828: 11822: 11803: 11797: 11785:. Retrieved 11775: 11763:. Retrieved 11756:the original 11747: 11740: 11728:. Retrieved 11724: 11714: 11702:. Retrieved 11695:the original 11682: 11670:. Retrieved 11660: 11648:. Retrieved 11644:the original 11634: 11622:. Retrieved 11618:the original 11611: 11601: 11587: 11573: 11564: 11555: 11546: 11537: 11523: 11516:Shachar 2011 11511: 11499:. Retrieved 11492:the original 11479: 11467:. Retrieved 11463:the original 11454: 11445: 11433:. Retrieved 11429:the original 11424: 11415: 11402: 11392: 11379: 11369: 11357:. Retrieved 11353:the original 11346: 11337: 11325:. Retrieved 11320: 11311: 11299:. Retrieved 11293:. NBC News. 11285: 11274: 11263: 11251:. Retrieved 11247: 11237: 11226: 11217: 11205:. Retrieved 11194: 11182: 11169: 11160: 11152:the original 11142: 11129: 11120: 11108:. Retrieved 11104:the original 11099: 11090: 11077: 11067: 11055:. Retrieved 11040: 11031: 11021: 11008: 10999: 10991:the original 10984: 10975: 10967:the original 10960: 10934: 10926:the original 10921: 10911: 10898: 10889: 10876: 10866: 10855: 10842: 10830:. Retrieved 10824: 10814: 10803: 10793: 10782: 10769: 10757:. Retrieved 10751: 10741: 10730: 10717: 10705:. Retrieved 10699: 10689: 10677:. Retrieved 10663: 10652: 10639: 10627:. Retrieved 10622: 10613: 10601:. Retrieved 10596: 10587: 10575:. Retrieved 10564: 10552: 10540:. Retrieved 10535: 10526: 10518:The Guardian 10517: 10507: 10492: 10480: 10468:. Retrieved 10464:the original 10450: 10438:. Retrieved 10434:the original 10424: 10412:. Retrieved 10408: 10398: 10386:. Retrieved 10376: 10364:. Retrieved 10349: 10338: 10326:. Retrieved 10319:the original 10306: 10294:. Retrieved 10290:the original 10280: 10268:. Retrieved 10264: 10254: 10242:. Retrieved 10231: 10219: 10207:. Retrieved 10188: 10153: 10131:. Retrieved 10127: 10117: 10107:10 September 10105:. Retrieved 10101:the original 10076:. Retrieved 10072:the original 10062: 10050:. Retrieved 10045: 10036: 10024:. Retrieved 10015: 10006: 9994:. Retrieved 9990:the original 9976: 9964:. Retrieved 9959: 9950: 9938:. Retrieved 9934:blogs.bu.edu 9933: 9923: 9911:. Retrieved 9904:the original 9897: 9885: 9873: 9864: 9858: 9847:, retrieved 9840: 9830: 9818:. Retrieved 9814: 9804: 9792:. Retrieved 9788: 9778: 9766:. Retrieved 9762:The Guardian 9761: 9751: 9741: 9732:. Retrieved 9723: 9714: 9702:. Retrieved 9697: 9688: 9678:10 September 9676:. Retrieved 9672:the original 9667: 9658: 9646:. Retrieved 9636: 9624:. Retrieved 9614: 9602:. Retrieved 9592: 9580:. Retrieved 9576:the original 9566: 9554:. Retrieved 9547:the original 9542: 9530: 9513: 9509: 9503: 9491:. Retrieved 9484:the original 9479: 9467: 9455:. Retrieved 9422:. Retrieved 9412: 9397: 9389:the original 9384: 9375: 9363:. Retrieved 9359:the original 9345: 9337:the original 9332: 9323: 9315:the original 9310: 9286:19 September 9284:. Retrieved 9277:the original 9263: 9251:. Retrieved 9231: 9219:. Retrieved 9199: 9187:. Retrieved 9182: 9173: 9154: 9148: 9136:. Retrieved 9105:blogs.bu.edu 9104: 9095: 9083:. Retrieved 9073: 9061:. Retrieved 9051: 9020:. Retrieved 8991:. Retrieved 8984:the original 8944:. Retrieved 8940:the original 8935: 8926: 8914:. Retrieved 8907:the original 8894: 8882: 8870:. Retrieved 8860: 8848: 8836:. Retrieved 8832:the original 8827: 8818: 8806:. Retrieved 8796: 8784:. Retrieved 8780:the original 8770: 8761:The Province 8759: 8749: 8737:. Retrieved 8728: 8719: 8707:. Retrieved 8703: 8693: 8681:. Retrieved 8674: 8665: 8653:. Retrieved 8648: 8639: 8629: 8619: 8607:. Retrieved 8597: 8585:. Retrieved 8576: 8567: 8555:. Retrieved 8551:the original 8541: 8529:. Retrieved 8522:the original 8509: 8497:. Retrieved 8490:the original 8458:. Retrieved 8444: 8432:. Retrieved 8425:the original 8416: 8388:. Retrieved 8381:the original 8351:. Retrieved 8344:the original 8314:. Retrieved 8303:The Guardian 8302: 8292: 8280:. Retrieved 8273:the original 8268: 8256: 8247: 8238: 8226:. Retrieved 8219:the original 8214: 8202: 8195: 8191: 8186: 8174:. Retrieved 8171:www.wipo.int 8170: 8161: 8149:. Retrieved 8142:the original 8137: 8133: 8120: 8108:. Retrieved 8101:the original 8071:. Retrieved 8054: 8047: 8035: 8026: 8014: 8002:. Retrieved 7999:www.wipo.int 7998: 7989: 7977:. Retrieved 7972: 7963: 7951:. Retrieved 7937: 7927: 7915:. Retrieved 7911:the original 7906: 7896: 7884:. Retrieved 7879: 7870: 7858:. Retrieved 7853: 7844: 7832:. Retrieved 7827: 7818: 7806: 7794:. Retrieved 7783: 7756:. Retrieved 7752:the original 7747: 7737: 7725:. Retrieved 7712: 7703: 7691: 7672: 7666: 7654:. Retrieved 7643: 7619: 7609: 7598: 7588: 7577: 7567: 7555:. Retrieved 7549: 7539: 7532:Gershon 2000 7527: 7515:. Retrieved 7511:the original 7506: 7497: 7485:. Retrieved 7481:the original 7476: 7467: 7453: 7449:Trevor Slack 7395:. Retrieved 7391:the original 7386: 7354: 7324:. Retrieved 7320:the original 7315: 7306: 7297: 7288: 7276:. Retrieved 7271: 7262: 7253: 7243: 7231:. Retrieved 7224:the original 7219: 7192:. Retrieved 7186: 7176: 7164:. Retrieved 7160:the original 7155: 7146: 7134:. Retrieved 7123: 7111: 7099:. Retrieved 7095: 7085: 7074: 7061: 7052: 7041: 7031: 7019:. Retrieved 7015: 7005: 6994:, retrieved 6989: 6979: 6967:. Retrieved 6955: 6932:the original 6927: 6918: 6906:. Retrieved 6895: 6883: 6871:. Retrieved 6860: 6851: 6827: 6802: 6790:. Retrieved 6780: 6768:. Retrieved 6759: 6750: 6737:. Retrieved 6733: 6724: 6712:. Retrieved 6708:the original 6698: 6686:. Retrieved 6679:the original 6666: 6654:. Retrieved 6644: 6632:. Retrieved 6625: 6616: 6604:. Retrieved 6600:The Guardian 6599: 6590: 6578:. Retrieved 6574: 6564: 6552:. Retrieved 6548:The Guardian 6547: 6538: 6513: 6509: 6503: 6463: 6457: 6444: 6427: 6421: 6415: 6407: 6403: 6402:. Argument. 6393: 6381:. Retrieved 6374: 6365: 6353:. Retrieved 6348: 6339: 6327:. Retrieved 6322: 6313: 6301:. Retrieved 6296: 6293:"Bob Barney" 6287: 6276: 6262: 6237:. Retrieved 6232: 6223: 6194: 6143: 6133: 6121:. Retrieved 6112: 6100: 6088:. Retrieved 6084:the original 6079: 6069: 6026: 6003:. Retrieved 5999:The Guardian 5997: 5987: 5975:. Retrieved 5960: 5948:. Retrieved 5944:the original 5939: 5930: 5918:. Retrieved 5914:the original 5909: 5900: 5888:. Retrieved 5883: 5874: 5862:. Retrieved 5858:the original 5848: 5836:. Retrieved 5829:the original 5816: 5804:. Retrieved 5800:the original 5790: 5778:. Retrieved 5773: 5770:"Tokyo 2020" 5764: 5750: 5736: 5724:. Retrieved 5720: 5710: 5698:. Retrieved 5694: 5684: 5672:. Retrieved 5668:the original 5658: 5646:. Retrieved 5642:the original 5632: 5620:. Retrieved 5616:the original 5606: 5594:. Retrieved 5586: 5576: 5564:. Retrieved 5557: 5548: 5535:The Guardian 5533: 5523: 5511:. Retrieved 5507:the original 5498: 5489: 5477:. Retrieved 5473:the original 5463: 5451:. Retrieved 5441: 5429:. Retrieved 5422: 5413: 5401:. Retrieved 5397:the original 5387: 5375:. Retrieved 5371:the original 5361: 5337:. Retrieved 5323: 5311:. Retrieved 5307:the original 5297: 5285:. Retrieved 5281:the original 5271: 5259:. Retrieved 5255: 5246: 5234:. Retrieved 5228: 5218: 5206:. Retrieved 5200: 5190: 5178:. Retrieved 5168: 5156: 5144:. Retrieved 5140:the original 5135: 5111:. Retrieved 5107:the original 5097: 5082: 5070: 5058: 5035: 4977: 4971: 4957: 4927:. Retrieved 4923:the original 4918: 4895:, retrieved 4891:the original 4885: 4879: 4852:. Retrieved 4845:the original 4831: 4819: 4812:Burkert 1983 4807: 4795: 4783:. Retrieved 4770: 4758: 4727: 4718: 4706: 4692: 4665: 4655: 4624: 4603:. Retrieved 4593: 4578: 4568: 4558: 4547: 4530: 4516: 4479: 4445: 4425: 4415: 4401: 4391: 4377: 4365:. Retrieved 4361: 4341:the original 4334: 4324: 4313: 4300: 4290: 4261: 4230: 4209: 4202:Albert Corey 4196: 4171: 4158: 4149: 4031: 4027: 4023: 3939: 3935:Refugee Team 3904: 3891:Participants 3857: 3849: 3780:Ahn Hyun-soo 3776: 3740: 3732: 3694:Eric Rudolph 3688:in Atlanta, 3683: 3675:1991 bombing 3639:Summer Games 3636: 3601: 3588: 3576: 3552: 3544: 3537:Ali Al-Ahmed 3534: 3506:Saudi Arabia 3499: 3448: 3388: 3380: 3345: 3302: 3287: 3263: 3247: 3221:, a Swedish 3216: 3200:Soviet Union 3197: 3189:doping tests 3174: 3170:amphetamines 3149:Thomas Hicks 3146: 3132:running the 3130:Thomas Hicks 3106: 3091: 3063:Soviet Union 3046:Peter Norman 3034:Tommie Smith 3027: 3006:Soviet Union 2975: 2970:Peter Norman 2964:; both wear 2950:Tommie Smith 2931: 2878: 2851: 2837:by order of 2832: 2804:South Africa 2793: 2757:Soviet Union 2734: 2699: 2660:(shaded red) 2597: 2567:Soviet Union 2559:Eastern Bloc 2556: 2535:1912 Olympic 2532: 2525: 2511: 2449: 2433: 2426: 2347: 2321: 2309: 2273: 2269: 2229: 2222: 2179:Phrygian cap 2164:Much Wenlock 2141: 2079: 2074: 2066: 2037: 2013:The Americas 2002: 1998:Olympic flag 1976: 1973: 1935: 1912: 1880: 1863: 1837: 1833: 1817: 1774: 1746:to host the 1708: 1702: 1686: 1684: 1673: 1653:(USOC), the 1636: 1620:antisemitism 1612:Eastern Bloc 1600: 1591: 1554: 1546: 1519:The Guardian 1518: 1494:The Guardian 1492: 1470: 1461: 1456: 1448: 1437: 1428: 1417: 1413: 1393: 1389: 1350:Sint Maarten 1334:dependencies 1323: 1295: 1271: 1256: 1236: 1205: 1193:World War II 1186: 1143: 1116: 1088:Winter Games 1059: 1022: 1006: 948: 913: 867: 855:Much Wenlock 848: 837: 823:into sport. 809: 797:Robert Dover 786: 757:Modern Games 747:Theodosius I 740: 732:Nemean Games 693: 663: 618: 593: 583: 553: 549:match fixing 539:, including 533: 509:Olympic flag 490: 398:Pan American 386: 368:founded the 355: 314: 310: 306: 304: 267:Intercalated 246:Pan-American 164:Torch relays 119:Medal tables 50: 44: 27215:Makura-Nage 27072:pioneerball 27002:Footbag net 26942:Wiffle ball 26633:Gain-ground 26628:Flickerball 26588:Segway polo 26528:Cowboy polo 26391:Ball hockey 26348:intercrosse 26159:Rugby union 25992:Samoa rules 25868:Nine-a-side 25863:Metro footy 25627:Team sports 25584:WikiProject 25547:U.S. states 25462:World Scout 25437:Paralympics 25384:Netherlands 25221:Aryan Games 25183:Roman Games 25048:South Korea 24515:Asian Games 24287:World Games 24171:BRICS Games 24053:Professions 23985:Deaflympics 23814:French Alps 23745:Pyeongchang 23637:Lillehammer 23619:Albertville 23565:Lake Placid 23363:Lake Placid 23302:host cities 23251:World War I 23218:Los Angeles 23029:Los Angeles 22958:Mexico City 22812:Los Angeles 22634:host cities 22376:Ski jumping 21991:Rugby union 21388:Ski jumping 18710:Rugby union 16119:Life saving 16114:Kite flying 16024:Aeronautics 15902:(15-a-side) 15899:Rugby union 15842:Past sports 15770:Ski jumping 15400:South Yemen 15375:North Yemen 15335:Australasia 15299:Mixed teams 15243:New Zealand 15165:Switzerland 15100:Netherlands 14857:South Korea 14837:Philippines 14817:North Korea 14687:Afghanistan 14614:Puerto Rico 14554:El Salvador 14396:South Sudan 14286:Ivory Coast 13997:World War I 13826:2006 Torino 13816:1998 Nagano 13645:2012 London 13635:2004 Athens 13630:2000 Sydney 13605:1980 Moscow 13595:1972 Munich 13565:1948 London 13559:1944 London 13546:1936 Berlin 13520:1916 Berlin 13509:1908 London 13494:1896 Athens 13445:Deaflympics 13360:colonialism 13307:Olympic Cup 13222:Video games 13090:Host cities 12991:Medal table 12828:‹ The 12066:Homo Necans 12023:20 February 11960:olympic.org 11765:28 February 11650:3 September 11624:27 November 11253:25 December 10899:OlympicTalk 10832:12 February 10759:12 February 10679:17 December 10470:28 December 10440:28 December 10414:5 September 10312:"Play True" 10270:3 September 10244:25 December 10209:3 September 10068:"Tom Hicks" 9940:25 December 9820:20 February 9794:20 February 9138:25 December 9044:Eassom 1994 8936:olympic.org 8838:10 February 8828:olympic.org 8776:"Wrestling" 8676:Sina Online 8557:10 February 8460:9 September 8151:30 November 8073:23 November 7979:22 February 7953:22 February 7917:22 February 7886:22 February 7860:22 February 7507:olympic.org 7477:olympic.org 7326:23 November 7278:23 November 7233:22 December 7220:olympic.org 7076:Herald News 7063:Herald News 6734:olympic.org 6634:6 September 6005:12 February 5977:12 February 5940:olympic.org 5910:olympic.org 5884:olympic.org 5774:olympic.org 5075:Weiler 2004 4800:Golden 2009 4605:12 February 4362:olympic.org 4116:Olympic Cup 3931:Switzerland 3832:1500 m 3824:Flying Finn 3809:Paavo Nurmi 3724:Citizenship 3710:Ground Zero 3651:Palestinian 3516:in London. 3469:. In 2004, 3357:has had 44 3235:Ben Johnson 3223:pentathlete 3212:Los Angeles 3038:John Carlos 3014:Spartakiads 3002:Ibolya Csák 2994:Jesse Owens 2958:raised fist 2954:John Carlos 2924:Jesse Owens 2822:had toured 2816:New Zealand 2777:Suez Crisis 2749:Switzerland 2741:Netherlands 2713:Switzerland 2508:since then. 2452:IOC Session 2398:ski jumping 2358:Greco-Roman 2293:Danish flag 2111:Third Reich 2062:Henri Didon 1792: [ 1783:. In 1908, 1752:Marc Hodler 1639:taken gifts 1370:Netherlands 1338:Puerto Rico 1262:Youth Games 1253:in London: 1247:Paralympics 1212:Paralympics 1163:Paralympics 1153:Albertville 1136:Paris Games 1053:during the 1024:world. The 874:John Hulley 768:Forerunners 577:stadium in 422:Deaflympics 418:World Games 416:), and the 305:The modern 99:Host cities 66:Main topics 27277:Categories 27235:Tug of war 27193:wheelchair 27150:inner tube 27140:Water polo 27089:Tag sports 27047:Volleyball 27012:Footvolley 26880:Schlagball 26769:Yukigassen 26764:Whirlyball 26742:Tchoukball 26737:Tamburello 26717:Prisonball 26685:wheelchair 26618:Cycle ball 26583:Polocrosse 26568:Arena polo 26533:Cycle polo 26450:ice sledge 26435:Ice hockey 26338:box/indoor 26323:Knattleikr 26252:Yubi lakpi 26221:Wheelchair 26152:wheelchair 26088:Marn grook 26083:Lelo burti 25946:wheelchair 25821:powerchair 25816:paralympic 25740:wheelchair 25703:wheelchair 25678:Basketball 25266:Spartakiad 25124:Historical 25106:WheelPower 24986:University 24946:Bangladesh 24876:California 24721:Arab Games 24511:Pan Asian 24490:Caribbean 24434:ALBA Games 24166:Arab Games 24145:CPLP Games 23972:Parasports 23421:St. Moritz 23345:St. Moritz 22351:Ice hockey 22041:Water polo 22036:Volleyball 21961:Gymnastics 21936:Equestrian 21906:Basketball 20913:Ice hockey 19705:Water polo 19596:Volleyball 19558:Tug of war 17984:Gymnastics 17369:Equestrian 16602:Basketball 16069:Cycle polo 16044:Ballooning 15907:Tug of war 15717:Ice hockey 15696:Bobsleigh 15659:Volleyball 15584:Gymnastics 15559:Equestrian 15537:Basketball 15515:Water polo 15425:Yugoslavia 15328:Historical 15233:Micronesia 15135:San Marino 15095:Montenegro 15075:Luxembourg 14938:Azerbaijan 14892:Uzbekistan 14872:Tajikistan 14777:Kyrgyzstan 14767:Kazakhstan 14727:East Timor 14697:Bangladesh 14529:Costa Rica 14376:Seychelles 14341:Mozambique 14326:Mauritania 14311:Madagascar 14266:The Gambia 14201:Cape Verde 13918:2026 Dakar 13836:2014 Sochi 13660:2024 Paris 13655:2020 Tokyo 13615:1988 Seoul 13585:1964 Tokyo 13552:1940 Tokyo 13531:1924 Paris 13499:1900 Paris 13178:Television 13132:Ceremonies 13025:Medal ties 12820:Britannica 12418:30 January 12390:2 February 12312:liverpool. 12106:2 February 11846:4 February 11787:2 February 11301:30 January 10857:Sky Sports 10707:9 February 10629:9 December 10603:9 December 10577:2 February 10542:2 February 10078:30 January 9996:7 February 9966:7 February 9878:Roche 2000 9845:, New York 9704:7 February 9556:7 February 9493:6 February 9457:6 February 9447:CBC Sports 9404:, p. 9189:9 February 9063:9 February 8916:8 February 8872:8 February 8808:8 February 8630:Britannica 8228:4 February 8110:4 February 7880:www.si.com 7811:Woods 2007 7656:5 February 7600:NBC Sports 7194:4 February 7166:4 February 7136:4 February 6969:20 October 6908:30 January 6873:4 February 6714:4 February 6580:10 January 6554:10 January 6153:2009.14682 6036:1607.04484 5890:13 January 5780:5 November 5726:2 February 5674:2 February 5648:29 January 5596:2 February 5566:2 February 5431:2 February 5403:31 January 5377:31 January 5339:31 January 5313:31 January 5287:31 January 5261:31 January 5180:8 February 5146:4 February 5113:31 January 5089:, p. 5049:0801872073 4963:Bloomsbury 4929:31 January 4854:2 February 4585:, p. 4416:Britannica 4392:Britannica 4291:Britannica 4253:References 4191:, Austria. 3994:See also: 3905:As of the 3838:and three 3608:1916 Games 3604:world wars 3444:1900 Games 3243:stanozolol 3153:strychnine 2982:1936 Games 2835:1976 Games 2779:; and the 2572:amateurism 2543:Jim Thorpe 2506:ice hockey 2450:The 114th 2418:volleyball 2414:basketball 2390:ice hockey 2303:, and the 2297:Union Flag 2193:Ceremonies 2172:Paris 2024 2168:Shropshire 2122:Paris 2024 1964:prime time 1929:, and the 1919:2020 Games 1724:Tony Blair 1697:Bob Barney 1541:See also: 1531:2028 Games 1511:Kazakhstan 1440:Bob Barney 1384:See also: 1157:1994 Games 1149:1992 Games 1112:St. Moritz 1104:ice hockey 978:1896 Games 859:Shropshire 761:See also: 734:, and the 681:equestrian 677:pankration 610:pankration 594:ta Olympia 590:τὰ Ὀλύμπια 438:amateurism 360:, held in 159:Television 84:Ceremonies 27220:Paintball 27205:Hornussen 27173:Bo-taoshi 27042:Throwball 26975:Bossaball 26912:Town ball 26907:Stoolball 26902:Stickball 26890:Fastpitch 26870:Pesäpallo 26803:Brännboll 26798:Baseball5 26732:Roll ball 26727:Quidditch 26623:Dodgeball 26613:Angleball 26577:Snow polo 26548:Horseball 26523:Auto polo 26430:Floorball 26408:Broomball 26247:Jegichagi 26242:Kī-o-rahi 26068:Harpastum 25997:Speedball 25916:eight-man 25873:Rec footy 25796:freestyle 25710:Cestoball 25447:FIS Games 25043:Singapore 24993:Indonesia 24926:Wisconsin 24649:EuroGames 24557:SEA Games 24186:Gay Games 23709:Vancouver 23547:Innsbruck 23493:Innsbruck 23064:Barcelona 22904:Melbourne 22794:Amsterdam 22731:Stockholm 22695:St. Louis 22326:Bobsleigh 22051:Wrestling 22031:Triathlon 22021:Taekwondo 21896:Badminton 21891:Athletics 20394:Bobsleigh 20001:Wrestling 19515:Triathlon 19379:Taekwondo 16506:Badminton 16348:Athletics 15983:Skijoring 15968:Pesäpallo 15700:Bobsleigh 15676:Wrestling 15654:Triathlon 15644:Taekwondo 15532:Badminton 15527:Athletics 15496:Aquatics 15196:Australia 15070:Lithuania 14862:Sri Lanka 14852:Singapore 14832:Palestine 14742:Indonesia 14732:Hong Kong 14666:Venezuela 14624:St. Lucia 14594:Nicaragua 14564:Guatemala 14452:Argentina 14331:Mauritius 13756:1952 Oslo 13580:1960 Rome 13343:medalists 13013:Medalists 12742:4 October 12571:145511333 12056:(1983). " 11990:BBC Sport 11730:25 August 11725:BBC Sport 11704:29 August 11435:29 August 11359:29 August 11327:10 August 11170:BBC Sport 10753:BBC Sport 10732:USA Today 10623:BBC Sport 10536:BBC Sport 10296:28 August 10199:0362-4331 10133:27 August 9734:18 August 9582:27 August 9253:22 August 9221:22 August 9183:USA Today 9022:9 October 8729:USA Today 8704:USA Today 8683:29 August 8655:29 August 8649:USA Today 8531:27 August 8499:12 August 8434:29 August 8390:14 August 8353:14 August 8311:0261-3077 8176:20 August 8004:20 August 7948:0362-4331 7579:USA Today 7459:Routledge 7360:Routledge 7316:oxo.co.uk 7021:20 August 6996:20 August 6530:153973502 6383:1 October 6178:233759692 6170:1556-5068 6090:17 August 6053:156794182 5950:23 August 5721:USA Today 5700:27 August 5695:USA Today 5587:USA Today 5559:BBC Sport 5424:BBC Sport 4919:Potentiel 4661:Pausanias 4367:6 January 4244:Melbourne 4240:Stockholm 4189:Innsbruck 3915:Australia 3720:members. 3663:Barcelona 3632:Hu Jintao 3535:In 2008, 3142:St. Louis 2998:Hungarian 2940:history". 2824:apartheid 2701:Australia 2541:champion 2539:decathlon 2410:badminton 2366:Athletics 2362:Freestyle 2354:wrestling 2129:Parthenon 2058:Dominican 1913:In 2011, 1877:coverage. 1804:Coca-Cola 1346:Hong Kong 1286:Innsbruck 1241:chairman 1187:In 1948, 1070:St. Louis 918:from the 870:Liverpool 844:Stockholm 842:, and in 124:Medalists 27267:Olympics 27240:Ultimate 27178:Buzkashi 27067:standing 26980:Fistball 26947:Wireball 26885:Softball 26875:Rounders 26845:Kickball 26828:Twenty20 26808:Corkball 26793:Baseball 26757:Llargues 26722:Pushball 26697:Kin-Ball 26665:Handball 26660:Goalball 26593:Yak polo 26553:Motoball 26462:Rinkball 26457:Ringette 26333:Lacrosse 26302:Super11s 26288:Gateball 26078:La soule 26024:football 25926:nine-man 25902:Gridiron 25841:teqball‎ 25767:Football 25757:Slamball 25752:Ringball 25720:Korfball 25560:Category 25491:Regional 25432:Olympics 25065:Thailand 25018:Pakistan 25008:Mongolia 25003:Malaysia 24906:New York 24901:Nebraska 24891:Missouri 24828:Colombia 24785:Americas 24779:National 24382:Americas 24340:Regional 24262:Dew Tour 23583:Sarajevo 23511:Grenoble 23327:Chamonix 23237:Brisbane 22994:Montreal 22886:Helsinki 22576:Category 22371:Skeleton 22321:Biathlon 22006:Swimming 22001:Shooting 21966:Handball 21951:Football 21921:Canoeing 21901:Baseball 21335:Skeleton 20291:Biathlon 19100:Swimming 19062:Softball 18914:Shooting 18326:Lacrosse 18142:Handball 17803:Football 16914:Canoeing 16559:Baseball 16029:Alpinism 15963:La canne 15958:Korfball 15859:Breaking 15828:Lacrosse 15813:Softball 15809:Baseball 15726:Skating 15705:Skeleton 15692:Biathlon 15619:Shooting 15589:Handball 15574:Football 15549:Canoeing 15510:Swimming 15380:Rhodesia 15223:Kiribati 15150:Slovenia 15145:Slovakia 15120:Portugal 14958:Bulgaria 14877:Thailand 14827:Pakistan 14802:Mongolia 14797:Maldives 14792:Malaysia 14712:Cambodia 14634:Suriname 14604:Paraguay 14579:Honduras 14539:Dominica 14524:Colombia 14467:Barbados 14440:Americas 14431:Zimbabwe 14406:Tanzania 14256:Ethiopia 14251:Eswatini 14231:Djibouti 14226:DR Congo 14196:Cameroon 14181:Botswana 14068:Category 13687:2040 TBD 13680:2036 TBD 13650:2016 Rio 13423:European 13245:Olympiad 13193:American 12935:Olympism 12830:template 12754:(2004). 12627:(2016). 12540:10 March 12483:10759486 12176:21 March 11880:23 April 11407:Archived 11384:Archived 11201:Archived 11174:Archived 11134:Archived 11130:BBC News 11082:Archived 11051:Archived 11013:Archived 11009:BBC News 10903:Archived 10881:Archived 10848:PA Media 10805:The Hill 10571:Archived 10499:Archived 10409:NBC News 10360:Archived 10203:Archived 10128:Newsweek 10052:6 August 10020:Archived 9960:BBC News 9849:23 March 9764:. London 9728:Archived 9626:27 April 9451:Archived 9385:iihf.com 9333:iihf.com 9311:iihf.com 9244:Archived 9212:Archived 9129:Archived 9014:. ESPN. 8946:31 March 8802:"Sports" 8786:25 March 8739:22 April 8709:22 April 8454:Archived 8064:Archived 7973:ESPN.com 7790:Archived 7721:Archived 7713:CBS News 7650:Archived 7517:31 March 7487:31 March 7397:30 March 7298:ITV News 7130:Archived 7101:16 April 7096:BBC News 6960:Archived 6902:Archived 6867:Archived 6770:13 March 6764:Archived 6739:13 March 6492:Archived 6480:18481039 6355:5 August 6329:4 August 6303:3 August 6209:cite web 6117:Archived 5971:Archived 5622:30 March 5453:2 August 5333:Archived 5236:2 August 5226:(1894). 5208:2 August 5198:(1893). 4785:29 April 4238:held in 4187:were in 4179:were in 4048:See also 3784:Vic Wild 3526:shooting 3364:cover-up 3134:marathon 3069:gymnast 2968:badges. 2915:Politics 2854:Cold War 2843:ROC flag 2808:Rhodesia 2761:Cambodia 2715:and the 2630:Boycotts 2615:policy. 2608:Winnipeg 2604:Montreal 2464:softball 2460:baseball 2370:swimming 2183:Marianne 1906:, while 1726:and the 1710:Panorama 1628:nepotism 1505:between 1449:Olympika 1330:colonies 1251:Olympics 1243:Lord Coe 1132:Chamonix 1124:Lausanne 1078:marathon 1064:and the 954:, Baron 832:Oswestry 720:Olympiad 712:Oenomaus 685:Coroebus 668:Olympiad 621:Heracles 541:boycotts 470:Cold War 424:and the 410:European 351:Olympiad 331:athletes 315:Olympics 231:European 134:Olympism 79:Boycotts 18:Olympics 27188:Curling 27168:Airsoft 27102:Kho kho 27097:Kabaddi 27062:sitting 26970:Biribol 26922:Vitilla 26895:16-inch 26855:Matball 26818:One Day 26813:Cricket 26692:Kaatsen 26573:Chovgan 26472:in-line 26360:Ritinis 26353:women's 26298:Camogie 26293:Hurling 26127:masters 26048:Camping 26033:Ba game 25931:six-man 25885:Ladies' 25786:amputee 25747:Rezball 25725:Netball 25715:Dueball 25534:Defunct 25081:Taiwan 25077:Vietnam 25031:Student 24896:Montana 24881:Florida 24871:Alabama 24843:seniors 24821:Western 24806:Ontario 24678:Oceania 24322:X Games 23763:Beijing 23601:Calgary 23529:Sapporo 23134:Beijing 23082:Atlanta 22760:Antwerp 22588:Commons 22336:Curling 22265:1–9 – B 21996:Sailing 21941:Fencing 21926:Cycling 21886:Archery 21800:1–9 – A 20655:Curling 18766:Sailing 18525:Rackets 17512:Fencing 17063:Cycling 17045:Croquet 17027:Cricket 16250:Archery 16228:results 16109:Kaatsen 16099:Hurling 16054:Bowling 16034:Angling 15948:Gliding 15889:Rackets 15864:Croquet 15818:Cricket 15746:Skiing 15712:Curling 15634:Surfing 15614:Sailing 15564:Fencing 15554:Cycling 15522:Archery 15340:Bohemia 15278:Vanuatu 15184:Oceania 15175:Ukraine 15125:Romania 15085:Moldova 15040:Ireland 15035:Iceland 15030:Hungary 15003:Germany 14998:Georgia 14988:Finland 14983:Estonia 14978:Denmark 14963:Croatia 14948:Belgium 14943:Belarus 14933:Austria 14928:Armenia 14923:Andorra 14918:Albania 14897:Vietnam 14807:Myanmar 14787:Lebanon 14692:Bahrain 14661:Uruguay 14584:Jamaica 14559:Grenada 14549:Ecuador 14482:Bolivia 14477:Bermuda 14462:Bahamas 14416:Tunisia 14386:Somalia 14371:Senegal 14356:Nigeria 14346:Namibia 14336:Morocco 14301:Liberia 14296:Lesotho 14246:Eritrea 14216:Comoros 14191:Burundi 14166:Algeria 14080:Commons 13428:Pacific 13413:African 13398:Related 13277:Mascots 13232:Symbols 13055:Nations 12958:Charter 12832:below ( 12603:2 April 12516:2 April 12251:19 July 12062:Olympia 12009:Sources 11970:2 April 11919:2 April 11501:27 July 11469:25 July 11248:Reuters 11207:24 June 11110:13 July 10701:Reuters 10388:13 July 10366:13 July 10328:13 July 10026:3 March 9648:25 July 9604:25 July 9424:25 July 9365:2 March 9085:25 July 8609:24 June 8587:24 June 8316:28 July 8282:13 July 7834:12 July 7796:2 April 7758:2 April 7254:Reuters 6792:18 July 6606:30 July 6488:2028982 6239:27 July 6233:AP News 6186:3686009 6123:23 July 6061:2804554 5864:17 July 5838:28 July 5479:7 April 4450:at the 4432:Ὀλύμπια 4411:Olympia 4223:Team GB 4181:Calgary 4164:Olympia 4054:Portals 4038:Oceania 4016:Map of 4004:Map of 3958:Hungary 3954:Finland 3946:Austria 3886:Nations 3858:At the 3840:silvers 3813:Finnish 3591:Curling 3568:Bahrain 3530:fencing 3459:Bahrain 3438:of the 3225:at the 3136:at the 3061:of the 2889:Georgia 2773:Lebanon 2755:by the 2563:amateur 2496:at the 2374:fencing 2312:rostrum 2299:of the 2265:Beijing 2090:Olympia 2060:priest 2025:Oceania 1982:Symbols 1616:amateur 1354:Curaçao 1342:Bermuda 1310:Beijing 896:Revival 716:Pisatis 704:Olympia 700:Phidias 664:stadion 660:Olympia 651:stadium 642:στάδιον 638:stadion 614:Olympia 495:(IFs), 414:Pacific 402:African 262:Ancient 241:Pacific 221:African 205:Esports 154:Symbols 89:Charter 27253:Portal 27210:Jereed 27057:indoor 27032:Peteca 27017:Jianzi 26917:Vigoro 26702:Lagori 26516:sports 26489:Shinny 26418:indoor 26384:sports 26382:Hockey 26365:Shinty 26328:Knotty 26318:Iomain 26283:Cammag 26267:sports 26179:sevens 26142:sevens 26073:Kemari 26053:Cnapan 26012:Volata 25977:Austus 25968:Hybrid 25936:sprint 25836:street 25801:futsal 25735:indoor 25545:in 36 25231:GANEFO 25094:Europe 25058:Winter 25053:Summer 24950:China 24811:Quebec 24796:Canada 24740:Isles 24605:Europe 24525:Winter 24520:Summer 24346:Africa 24037:Winter 24032:Summer 23995:Winter 23990:Summer 23955:Winter 23950:Summer 23938:Winter 23933:Summer 23913:Global 23655:Nagano 23151:London 23117:Athens 23100:Sydney 23012:Moscow 22976:Munich 22869:London 22830:Berlin 22713:London 22659:Athens 22026:Tennis 21981:Rowing 21931:Diving 21916:Boxing 19422:Tennis 18557:Rowing 17221:Diving 16771:Boxing 16049:Boules 15978:Savate 15874:Karate 15854:Boxing 15833:Squash 15649:Tennis 15604:Rowing 15505:Diving 15273:Tuvalu 15201:Winter 15170:Turkey 15160:Sweden 15140:Serbia 15130:Russia 15115:Poland 15110:Norway 15090:Monaco 15060:Latvia 15055:Kosovo 15045:Israel 15025:Greece 15013:Winter 15008:Summer 14993:France 14968:Cyprus 14911:Europe 14772:Kuwait 14762:Jordan 14707:Brunei 14702:Bhutan 14654:Winter 14649:Summer 14599:Panama 14589:Mexico 14569:Guyana 14507:Winter 14502:Summer 14497:Canada 14487:Brazil 14472:Belize 14426:Zambia 14421:Uganda 14361:Rwanda 14316:Malawi 14276:Guinea 14171:Angola 14159:Africa 14056:Portal 13945:Winter 13894:Summer 13708:Winter 13485:Summer 13372:Deaths 13365:doping 13295:winter 13281:Coins 13272:Poster 13267:Emblem 13215:winter 13210:summer 13206:Films 13110:Venues 12983:Medals 12849:Curlie 12835:Curlie 12781: 12762: 12720: 12694: 12675: 12656: 12635: 12594: 12569: 12507: 12488:6 June 12481: 12471: 12450: 12409: 12381: 12358: 12304: 12279:3 July 12270: 12242: 12221: 12204:3 July 12195: 12167: 12146: 12127: 12072: 12058:Pelops 12042: 11996:2 June 11810: 11672:3 July 11348:CBC.ca 11057:31 May 10986:CNN/SI 10197: 10161: 9768:31 May 9161: 8993:3 July 8309: 7946: 7679: 7557:7 June 7551:Adweek 6862:CBC.ca 6839: 6528: 6486: 6478: 6379:. 2023 6325:. 2020 6184: 6176: 6168: 6059: 6051: 5920:3 July 5540:London 5046: 4996: 4897:4 June 4746: 4688:Pindar 4643: 4092:Sports 3974:Sweden 3970:Poland 3966:Norway 3950:Canada 3929:, and 3927:Greece 3919:France 3878:. The 3643:Munich 3508:, and 3502:Brunei 3355:Russia 3347:Doping 3340:, and 3094:judoka 2847:anthem 2828:Guyana 2814:rule. 2789:Taiwan 2771:, and 2747:, and 2739:: the 2709:Greece 2705:France 2490:Russia 2437:squash 2416:, and 2400:, and 2376:, and 2338:Sports 2324:podium 2295:, the 2137:Greece 2133:Athens 2023:, and 2021:Europe 2009:Africa 1874:Berlin 1830:Budget 1680:Nagano 1507:Almaty 1344:, and 1009:Athens 1002:Athens 940:Athens 840:Sweden 743:Romans 730:, the 708:Pelops 706:) and 679:, and 673:discus 545:doping 515:, and 505:sports 464:, and 428:. The 412:, and 374:Athens 343:Summer 319:French 195:Winter 190:Summer 169:Venues 149:Sports 94:Doping 27145:canoe 27052:beach 27022:Jokgu 26995:Rugby 26985:Fives 26850:Lapta 26785:games 26747:Ulama 26680:field 26675:Czech 26670:beach 26445:power 26396:Bandy 26343:field 26278:Bando 26216:Touch 26199:touch 26194:Tambo 26169:beach 26137:nines 26115:codes 26113:Rugby 26026:codes 25970:codes 25941:touch 25904:codes 25831:socca 25770:codes 25730:Fast5 25698:water 25683:beach 25638:Sport 25399:youth 25070:Youth 25036:Youth 25013:Nepal 24998:Japan 24981:Youth 24976:India 24921:Texas 24250:Other 23784:Milan 23727:Sochi 23691:Turin 23201:Paris 23185:Tokyo 23046:Seoul 22940:Tokyo 22777:Paris 22677:Paris 22400:Years 22309:Sport 22070:Years 21879:Sport 18543:Roque 16159:Wushu 16089:Glíma 16064:Chess 15938:Bandy 15894:Roque 15304:Korea 15287:Other 15268:Tonga 15258:Samoa 15248:Palau 15238:Nauru 15155:Spain 15080:Malta 15050:Italy 14902:Yemen 14867:Syria 14842:Qatar 14812:Nepal 14757:Japan 14737:India 14717:China 14574:Haiti 14519:Chile 14457:Aruba 14401:Sudan 14351:Niger 14306:Libya 14291:Kenya 14271:Ghana 14261:Gabon 14236:Egypt 14221:Congo 14176:Benin 13418:Asian 13331:Other 13240:Flame 13171:Media 13115:youth 13103:youth 13018:youth 13001:youth 12567:S2CID 12329:(PDF) 12322:(PDF) 12100:(PDF) 12093:(PDF) 11913:(PDF) 11906:(PDF) 11874:(PDF) 11867:(PDF) 11840:(PDF) 11833:(PDF) 11759:(PDF) 11752:(PDF) 11698:(PDF) 11691:(PDF) 11495:(PDF) 11488:(PDF) 10322:(PDF) 10315:(PDF) 10240:. CNN 9913:4 May 9907:(PDF) 9894:(PDF) 9789:Axios 9550:(PDF) 9539:(PDF) 9487:(PDF) 9476:(PDF) 9280:(PDF) 9273:(PDF) 9247:(PDF) 9240:(PDF) 9215:(PDF) 9208:(PDF) 9132:(PDF) 9125:(PDF) 8987:(PDF) 8980:(PDF) 8910:(PDF) 8903:(PDF) 8525:(PDF) 8518:(PDF) 8493:(PDF) 8486:(PDF) 8428:(PDF) 8421:(PDF) 8412:(PDF) 8384:(PDF) 8377:(PDF) 8347:(PDF) 8340:(PDF) 8276:(PDF) 8265:(PDF) 8222:(PDF) 8211:(PDF) 8145:(PDF) 8130:(PDF) 8104:(PDF) 8097:(PDF) 8067:(PDF) 8060:(PDF) 8023:(PDF) 7727:4 May 7227:(PDF) 7216:(PDF) 6963:(PDF) 6952:(PDF) 6688:2 May 6682:(PDF) 6675:(PDF) 6656:2 May 6526:S2CID 6495:(PDF) 6476:S2CID 6454:(PDF) 6404:WIRED 6174:S2CID 6148:arXiv 6049:S2CID 6031:arXiv 5832:(PDF) 5825:(PDF) 5806:4 May 5513:3 May 4848:(PDF) 4841:(PDF) 4142:Notes 3962:Italy 3836:golds 3696:, an 3510:Qatar 2990:Aryan 2986:Aryan 2897:Sochi 2765:Egypt 2745:Spain 2514:ethos 2218:Tokyo 2160:Misha 2050:Latin 1796:] 1781:Kodak 1740:Turin 1481:Sochi 1374:Aruba 1358:Aruba 1239:LOCOG 1182:Tokyo 857:, in 646:Latin 513:torch 406:Asian 313:; or 226:Asian 200:Youth 182:Games 114:Medal 27200:Guts 27077:snow 26990:Eton 26860:Oină 26823:Test 26563:Polo 26558:Pato 26514:Polo 26477:quad 26440:pond 26401:rink 26237:Cuju 26204:tens 26184:snow 26174:mini 26063:Cuju 26038:Caid 25921:flag 25853:AFLX 25688:deaf 25572:List 24939:Asia 24860:NCSG 24505:Asia 23840:Utah 23838:and 23822:2034 23812:and 23810:Nice 23796:2030 23786:and 23770:2026 23751:2022 23733:2018 23715:2014 23697:2010 23679:2006 23661:2002 23643:1998 23625:1994 23607:1992 23589:1988 23571:1984 23553:1980 23535:1976 23517:1972 23499:1968 23481:1964 23463:1960 23445:1956 23439:Oslo 23427:1952 23409:1948 23403:None 23398:1944 23392:None 23387:1940 23369:1936 23351:1932 23333:1928 23315:1924 23225:2032 23207:2028 23190:2024 23174:2020 23156:2016 23140:2012 23122:2008 23106:2004 23088:2000 23070:1996 23052:1992 23034:1988 23018:1984 23000:1980 22982:1976 22964:1972 22946:1968 22928:1964 22922:Rome 22910:1960 22892:1956 22874:1952 22858:1948 22852:None 22847:1944 22841:None 22836:1940 22818:1936 22800:1932 22782:1928 22766:1924 22748:1920 22742:None 22737:1916 22719:1912 22701:1908 22683:1904 22665:1900 22647:1896 22528:2026 22522:2022 22517:2018 22512:2014 22507:2010 22502:2006 22497:2002 22492:1998 22487:1994 22482:1992 22477:1988 22472:1984 22467:1980 22462:1976 22457:1972 22452:1968 22447:1964 22442:1960 22437:1956 22432:1952 22427:1948 22422:1936 22417:1932 22412:1928 22407:1924 22356:Luge 22235:2032 22228:2028 22222:2024 22217:2020 22212:2016 22207:2012 22202:2008 22197:2004 22192:2000 22187:1996 22182:1992 22177:1988 22172:1984 22167:1980 22162:1976 22157:1972 22152:1968 22147:1964 22142:1960 22137:1956 22132:1952 22127:1948 22122:1936 22117:1932 22112:1928 22107:1924 22102:1920 22097:1912 22092:1908 22087:1904 22082:1900 22077:1896 21971:Judo 21956:Golf 21692:2022 21687:2018 21682:2014 21677:2010 21672:2006 21667:2002 21662:1998 21657:1994 21652:1992 21647:1988 21642:1984 21637:1980 21632:1976 21627:1972 21622:1968 21617:1964 21612:1960 21607:1956 21602:1952 21597:1948 21592:1936 21587:1932 21582:1928 21577:1924 21559:2022 21554:2018 21549:2014 21544:2010 21539:2006 21534:2002 21529:1998 21511:2022 21506:2018 21501:2014 21496:2010 21491:2006 21486:2002 21481:1998 21476:1994 21471:1992 21466:1988 21461:1984 21456:1980 21451:1976 21446:1972 21441:1968 21436:1964 21431:1960 21426:1956 21421:1952 21416:1948 21411:1936 21406:1932 21401:1928 21396:1924 21378:2022 21373:2018 21368:2014 21363:2010 21358:2006 21353:2002 21348:1948 21343:1928 21325:2022 21320:2018 21315:2014 21310:2010 21305:2006 21300:2002 21295:1998 21290:1994 21285:1992 21267:2022 21262:2018 21257:2014 21252:2010 21247:2006 21242:2002 21237:1998 21232:1994 21227:1992 21222:1988 21217:1984 21212:1980 21207:1976 21202:1972 21197:1968 21192:1964 21187:1960 21182:1956 21177:1952 21172:1948 21167:1936 21162:1932 21157:1928 21152:1924 21134:2022 21129:2018 21124:2014 21119:2010 21114:2006 21109:2002 21104:1998 21099:1994 21094:1992 21089:1988 21084:1984 21079:1980 21074:1976 21069:1972 21064:1968 21059:1964 21051:Luge 21041:2022 21036:2018 21031:2014 21026:2010 21021:2006 21016:2002 21011:1998 21006:1994 21001:1992 20996:1988 20991:1984 20986:1980 20981:1976 20976:1972 20971:1968 20966:1964 20961:1960 20956:1956 20951:1952 20946:1948 20941:1936 20936:1932 20931:1928 20926:1924 20921:1920 20903:2022 20898:2018 20893:2014 20888:2010 20883:2006 20878:2002 20873:1998 20868:1994 20863:1992 20845:2022 20840:2018 20835:2014 20830:2010 20825:2006 20820:2002 20815:1998 20810:1994 20805:1992 20800:1988 20795:1984 20790:1980 20785:1976 20780:1972 20775:1968 20770:1964 20765:1960 20760:1956 20755:1952 20750:1948 20745:1936 20740:1932 20735:1928 20730:1924 20725:1920 20720:1908 20698:2022 20693:2018 20688:2014 20683:2010 20678:2006 20673:2002 20668:1998 20663:1924 20645:2022 20640:2018 20635:2014 20630:2010 20625:2006 20620:2002 20615:1998 20610:1994 20605:1992 20600:1988 20595:1984 20590:1980 20585:1976 20580:1972 20575:1968 20570:1964 20565:1960 20560:1956 20555:1952 20550:1948 20545:1936 20540:1932 20535:1928 20530:1924 20512:2022 20507:2018 20502:2014 20497:2010 20492:2006 20487:2002 20482:1998 20477:1994 20472:1992 20467:1988 20462:1984 20457:1980 20452:1976 20447:1972 20442:1968 20437:1964 20432:1956 20427:1952 20422:1948 20417:1936 20412:1932 20407:1928 20402:1924 20384:2022 20379:2018 20374:2014 20369:2010 20364:2006 20359:2002 20354:1998 20349:1994 20344:1992 20339:1988 20334:1984 20329:1980 20324:1976 20319:1972 20314:1968 20309:1964 20304:1960 20299:1924 20281:2022 20276:2018 20271:2014 20266:2010 20261:2006 20256:2002 20251:1998 20246:1994 20241:1992 20236:1988 20231:1984 20226:1980 20221:1976 20216:1972 20211:1968 20206:1964 20201:1960 20196:1956 20191:1952 20186:1948 20181:1936 20144:2020 20139:2016 20134:2012 20129:2008 20124:2004 20119:2000 20114:1996 20109:1992 20104:1988 20099:1984 20094:1980 20089:1976 20084:1972 20079:1968 20074:1964 20069:1960 20064:1956 20059:1952 20054:1948 20049:1936 20044:1932 20039:1928 20034:1924 20029:1920 20024:1912 20019:1908 20014:1904 20009:1896 19991:2020 19986:2016 19981:2012 19976:2008 19971:2004 19966:2000 19961:1996 19956:1992 19951:1988 19946:1984 19941:1980 19936:1976 19931:1972 19926:1968 19921:1964 19916:1960 19911:1956 19906:1952 19901:1948 19896:1936 19891:1932 19886:1928 19881:1924 19876:1920 19871:1904 19866:1896 19848:2020 19843:2016 19838:2012 19833:2008 19828:2004 19823:2000 19818:1996 19813:1992 19808:1988 19803:1984 19798:1980 19793:1976 19788:1972 19783:1968 19778:1964 19773:1960 19768:1956 19763:1952 19758:1948 19753:1936 19748:1932 19743:1928 19738:1924 19733:1920 19728:1912 19723:1908 19718:1904 19713:1900 19695:1908 19690:1900 19674:2020 19669:2016 19664:2012 19659:2008 19654:2004 19649:2000 19644:1996 19639:1992 19634:1988 19629:1984 19624:1980 19619:1976 19614:1972 19609:1968 19604:1964 19586:1920 19581:1912 19576:1908 19571:1904 19566:1900 19548:2020 19543:2016 19538:2012 19533:2008 19528:2004 19523:2000 19505:2020 19500:2016 19495:2012 19490:2008 19485:2004 19480:2000 19475:1996 19470:1992 19465:1988 19460:1924 19455:1920 19450:1912 19445:1908 19440:1904 19435:1900 19430:1896 19412:2020 19407:2016 19402:2012 19397:2008 19392:2004 19387:2000 19369:2020 19364:2016 19359:2012 19354:2008 19349:2004 19344:2000 19339:1996 19334:1992 19329:1988 19311:2020 19306:2016 19301:2012 19296:2008 19291:2004 19286:2000 19281:1996 19276:1992 19271:1988 19266:1984 19248:2020 19243:2016 19238:2012 19233:2008 19228:2004 19223:2000 19218:1996 19213:1992 19208:1988 19203:1984 19198:1980 19193:1976 19188:1972 19183:1968 19178:1964 19173:1960 19168:1956 19163:1952 19158:1948 19153:1936 19148:1932 19143:1928 19138:1924 19133:1920 19128:1912 19123:1908 19118:1904 19113:1900 19108:1896 19090:2020 19085:2008 19080:2004 19075:2000 19070:1996 19052:2020 19047:2016 19042:2012 19037:2008 19032:2004 19027:2000 19022:1996 19017:1992 19012:1988 19007:1984 19002:1980 18997:1976 18992:1972 18987:1968 18982:1964 18977:1960 18972:1956 18967:1952 18962:1948 18957:1936 18952:1932 18947:1924 18942:1920 18937:1912 18932:1908 18927:1900 18922:1896 18904:2020 18899:2016 18894:2012 18889:2008 18884:2004 18879:2000 18874:1996 18869:1992 18864:1988 18859:1984 18854:1980 18849:1976 18844:1972 18839:1968 18834:1964 18829:1960 18824:1956 18819:1952 18814:1948 18809:1936 18804:1932 18799:1924 18794:1920 18789:1912 18784:1908 18779:1900 18774:1896 18756:2020 18751:2016 18733:1924 18728:1920 18723:1908 18718:1900 18700:2020 18695:2016 18690:2012 18685:2008 18680:2004 18675:2000 18670:1996 18665:1992 18660:1988 18655:1984 18650:1980 18645:1976 18640:1972 18635:1968 18630:1964 18625:1960 18620:1956 18615:1952 18610:1948 18605:1936 18600:1932 18595:1928 18590:1924 18585:1920 18580:1912 18575:1908 18570:1904 18565:1900 18549:1904 18533:1908 18515:1936 18510:1924 18505:1920 18500:1908 18495:1900 18487:Polo 18477:2020 18472:2016 18467:2012 18462:2008 18457:2004 18452:2000 18447:1996 18442:1992 18437:1988 18432:1984 18427:1980 18422:1976 18417:1972 18412:1968 18407:1964 18402:1960 18397:1956 18392:1952 18387:1948 18382:1936 18377:1932 18372:1928 18367:1924 18362:1920 18357:1912 18339:1908 18334:1904 18316:2020 18311:2016 18306:2012 18301:2008 18296:2004 18291:2000 18286:1996 18281:1992 18276:1988 18271:1984 18266:1980 18261:1976 18256:1972 18251:1964 18243:Judo 18233:1908 18215:2020 18210:2016 18205:2012 18200:2008 18195:2004 18190:2000 18185:1996 18180:1992 18175:1988 18170:1984 18165:1980 18160:1976 18155:1972 18150:1936 18132:2020 18127:2016 18122:2012 18117:2008 18112:2004 18107:2000 18102:1996 18097:1992 18092:1988 18087:1984 18082:1980 18077:1976 18072:1972 18067:1968 18062:1964 18057:1960 18052:1956 18047:1952 18042:1948 18037:1936 18032:1932 18027:1928 18022:1924 18017:1920 18012:1912 18007:1908 18002:1904 17997:1900 17992:1896 17974:2020 17969:2016 17964:1904 17959:1900 17951:Golf 17941:2020 17936:2016 17931:2012 17926:2008 17921:2004 17916:2000 17911:1996 17906:1992 17901:1988 17896:1984 17891:1980 17886:1976 17881:1972 17876:1968 17871:1964 17866:1960 17861:1956 17856:1952 17851:1948 17846:1936 17841:1928 17836:1924 17831:1920 17826:1912 17821:1908 17816:1904 17811:1900 17793:2020 17788:2016 17783:2012 17778:2008 17773:2004 17768:2000 17763:1996 17758:1992 17753:1988 17748:1984 17743:1980 17738:1976 17733:1972 17728:1968 17723:1964 17718:1960 17713:1956 17708:1952 17703:1948 17698:1936 17693:1932 17688:1928 17683:1920 17678:1908 17660:2020 17655:2016 17650:2012 17645:2008 17640:2004 17635:2000 17630:1996 17625:1992 17620:1988 17615:1984 17610:1980 17605:1976 17600:1972 17595:1968 17590:1964 17585:1960 17580:1956 17575:1952 17570:1948 17565:1936 17560:1932 17555:1928 17550:1924 17545:1920 17540:1912 17535:1908 17530:1904 17525:1900 17520:1896 17502:2020 17497:2016 17492:2012 17487:2008 17482:2004 17477:2000 17472:1996 17467:1992 17462:1988 17457:1984 17452:1980 17447:1976 17442:1972 17437:1968 17432:1964 17427:1960 17422:1956 17417:1952 17412:1948 17407:1936 17402:1932 17397:1928 17392:1924 17387:1920 17382:1912 17377:1900 17359:2020 17354:2016 17349:2012 17344:2008 17339:2004 17334:2000 17329:1996 17324:1992 17319:1988 17314:1984 17309:1980 17304:1976 17299:1972 17294:1968 17289:1964 17284:1960 17279:1956 17274:1952 17269:1948 17264:1936 17259:1932 17254:1928 17249:1924 17244:1920 17239:1912 17234:1908 17229:1904 17211:2020 17206:2016 17201:2012 17196:2008 17191:2004 17186:2000 17181:1996 17176:1992 17171:1988 17166:1984 17161:1980 17156:1976 17151:1972 17146:1968 17141:1964 17136:1960 17131:1956 17126:1952 17121:1948 17116:1936 17111:1932 17106:1928 17101:1924 17096:1920 17091:1912 17086:1908 17081:1904 17076:1900 17071:1896 17053:1900 17035:1900 17017:2020 17012:2016 17007:2012 17002:2008 16997:2004 16992:2000 16987:1996 16982:1992 16977:1988 16972:1984 16967:1980 16962:1976 16957:1972 16952:1968 16947:1964 16942:1960 16937:1956 16932:1952 16927:1948 16922:1936 16904:2020 16899:2016 16894:2012 16889:2008 16884:2004 16879:2000 16874:1996 16869:1992 16864:1988 16859:1984 16854:1980 16849:1976 16844:1972 16839:1968 16834:1964 16829:1960 16824:1956 16819:1952 16814:1948 16809:1936 16804:1932 16799:1928 16794:1924 16789:1920 16784:1908 16779:1904 16761:2012 16756:2008 16751:2004 16746:2000 16741:1996 16723:1900 16705:2020 16700:2016 16695:2012 16690:2008 16685:2004 16680:2000 16675:1996 16670:1992 16665:1988 16660:1984 16655:1980 16650:1976 16645:1972 16640:1968 16635:1964 16630:1960 16625:1956 16620:1952 16615:1948 16610:1936 16592:2020 16587:2008 16582:2004 16577:2000 16572:1996 16567:1992 16549:2020 16544:2016 16539:2012 16534:2008 16529:2004 16524:2000 16519:1996 16514:1992 16496:2020 16491:2016 16486:2012 16481:2008 16476:2004 16471:2000 16466:1996 16461:1992 16456:1988 16451:1984 16446:1980 16441:1976 16436:1972 16431:1968 16426:1964 16421:1960 16416:1956 16411:1952 16406:1948 16401:1936 16396:1932 16391:1928 16386:1924 16381:1920 16376:1912 16371:1908 16366:1904 16361:1900 16356:1896 16338:2020 16333:2016 16328:2012 16323:2008 16318:2004 16313:2000 16308:1996 16303:1992 16298:1988 16293:1984 16288:1980 16283:1976 16278:1972 16273:1920 16268:1908 16263:1904 16258:1900 15943:Budo 15884:Polo 15722:Luge 15594:Judo 15579:Golf 15390:Saar 15218:Guam 15213:Fiji 14822:Oman 14782:Laos 14752:Iraq 14747:Iran 14680:Asia 14609:Peru 14534:Cuba 14411:Togo 14321:Mali 14211:Chad 13974:2028 13925:2030 13382:WWII 13260:Hymn 13250:Oath 13098:Bids 12779:ISBN 12760:ISBN 12744:2021 12718:ISBN 12692:ISBN 12673:ISBN 12654:ISBN 12633:ISBN 12605:2009 12592:ISBN 12542:2014 12518:2009 12505:ISBN 12490:2009 12479:OCLC 12469:ISBN 12448:ISBN 12420:2009 12407:ISBN 12392:2013 12379:ISBN 12356:ISBN 12337:2012 12302:ISBN 12281:2012 12268:ISBN 12253:2024 12240:ISBN 12219:ISBN 12206:2012 12193:ISBN 12178:2009 12165:ISBN 12144:ISBN 12125:ISBN 12108:2009 12070:ISBN 12040:ISBN 12025:2013 11998:2024 11972:2009 11921:2009 11882:2015 11848:2008 11808:ISBN 11789:2014 11767:2008 11732:2008 11706:2008 11674:2012 11652:2008 11626:2011 11613:Time 11503:2012 11471:2011 11437:2008 11361:2008 11329:2008 11303:2009 11255:2018 11209:2018 11112:2012 11059:2017 10834:2022 10761:2022 10709:2022 10681:2020 10631:2019 10605:2019 10579:2020 10544:2020 10472:2018 10442:2018 10416:2024 10390:2013 10368:2013 10330:2013 10298:2008 10272:2008 10246:2018 10211:2016 10195:ISSN 10159:ISBN 10135:2008 10109:2008 10080:2009 10054:2024 10028:2022 9998:2009 9968:2009 9942:2018 9915:2009 9851:2014 9822:2022 9796:2022 9770:2011 9736:2008 9706:2008 9680:2008 9650:2011 9628:2009 9606:2011 9584:2008 9558:2009 9495:2009 9459:2009 9426:2011 9367:2009 9288:2016 9255:2021 9223:2021 9191:2009 9159:ISBN 9140:2018 9087:2011 9065:2009 9024:2009 8995:2012 8948:2009 8918:2009 8874:2009 8840:2009 8810:2009 8788:2009 8741:2018 8711:2018 8685:2008 8657:2008 8611:2018 8589:2018 8559:2009 8533:2008 8501:2012 8462:2008 8436:2008 8392:2008 8355:2008 8318:2023 8307:ISSN 8284:2013 8230:2009 8178:2024 8153:2016 8112:2009 8075:2019 8006:2024 7981:2022 7955:2022 7944:ISSN 7919:2022 7888:2022 7862:2022 7836:2013 7798:2009 7760:2009 7729:2009 7677:ISBN 7658:2018 7559:2011 7519:2009 7489:2009 7399:2009 7328:2019 7280:2019 7235:2015 7196:2009 7168:2009 7138:2009 7103:2009 7023:2016 6998:2016 6971:2010 6910:2009 6875:2009 6837:ISBN 6794:2012 6772:2021 6741:2021 6716:2009 6690:2009 6658:2009 6636:2021 6608:2016 6582:2014 6575:Time 6556:2014 6484:SSRN 6385:2023 6357:2023 6331:2023 6305:2023 6241:2024 6215:link 6182:SSRN 6166:ISSN 6125:2017 6092:2008 6057:SSRN 6007:2014 5979:2014 5952:2012 5922:2012 5892:2011 5866:2012 5840:2011 5808:2009 5782:2023 5728:2009 5702:2008 5676:2009 5650:2009 5624:2009 5598:2009 5568:2009 5515:2010 5481:2010 5455:2017 5433:2009 5405:2009 5379:2009 5341:2009 5315:2009 5289:2009 5263:2024 5238:2017 5210:2017 5182:2010 5148:2009 5115:2009 5044:ISBN 4994:ISBN 4931:2009 4899:2010 4856:2009 4787:2009 4744:ISBN 4641:ISBN 4607:2013 4369:2017 4175:The 4118:and 4034:Asia 3899:and 3818:and 3811:, a 3798:and 3753:and 3718:FDNY 3716:and 3714:NYPD 3602:The 3528:and 3473:and 3465:and 3256:and 3179:, a 3162:Rome 3085:'s " 3036:and 3000:Jew 2845:and 2806:and 2800:1976 2798:and 2796:1972 2769:Iraq 2606:and 2512:The 2492:and 2462:and 2443:and 2441:2016 2406:1924 2360:and 2348:The 2152:1968 2142:The 2120:The 2103:1928 2048:, a 2038:The 2017:Asia 1996:The 1927:2014 1881:The 1838:The 1808:1928 1789:Odol 1760:Sion 1663:term 1605:and 1588:IOC. 1568:FIFA 1352:and 1332:and 1314:2022 1306:2020 1300:and 1249:and 1144:same 1128:1924 1074:1904 876:and 689:Elis 625:Zeus 598:Zeus 573:The 523:and 482:2020 478:1984 476:and 474:1980 466:1944 462:1940 458:1916 452:and 345:and 339:1994 129:NOCs 74:Bids 26189:tag 26147:tag 26132:mod 25693:3x3 22300:T–Z 22290:N–R 22275:H–K 22270:C–G 21870:W–Z 21865:T–V 21855:Q–R 21840:M–N 21830:J–K 21825:H–I 21820:F–G 21815:D–E 13377:WWI 12950:IOC 12847:at 12588:146 12559:doi 12433:120 12064:". 12060:at 11565:IOC 11547:IOC 11425:CNN 11321:CNN 10826:CNN 10597:MSN 9815:CNN 9518:doi 9406:230 7188:NPR 6518:doi 6468:doi 6432:doi 6428:121 6158:doi 6041:doi 5503:IPC 4986:doi 4736:doi 4633:doi 4413:". 4036:or 3880:IOC 3679:Vic 3671:ETA 3566:of 3349:in 3210:in 3181:KGB 3160:in 3140:in 2794:In 2502:NHL 2263:in 2216:in 2166:in 2131:in 2088:in 1915:NBC 1908:NBC 1895:CBS 1872:in 1785:Oxo 1758:of 1756:bid 1744:bid 1742:'s 1705:BBC 1479:in 1372:or 1180:in 1151:in 1130:in 1122:in 1110:at 1102:An 1072:in 1068:at 1049:at 1000:in 996:in 853:at 714:of 698:by 600:in 430:IOC 109:IOC 104:IFs 27279:: 15811:/ 14003:^ 12856:, 12735:. 12607:. 12590:. 12565:. 12555:12 12553:. 12528:. 12477:. 12431:. 12354:. 12352:15 12310:. 12300:. 12298:53 11988:. 11958:. 11947:^ 11937:. 11890:^ 11723:. 11610:. 11563:. 11545:. 11457:. 11453:. 11423:. 11405:. 11401:. 11382:. 11378:. 11345:. 11319:. 11246:. 11225:. 11199:. 11193:. 11168:. 11128:. 11098:. 11080:. 11076:. 11030:. 11007:. 10983:. 10959:. 10947:^ 10920:. 10897:. 10879:. 10875:. 10854:. 10823:. 10802:. 10781:. 10750:. 10729:. 10698:. 10672:. 10621:. 10595:. 10569:. 10563:. 10534:. 10516:. 10497:. 10491:. 10458:. 10407:. 10354:. 10348:. 10263:. 10201:. 10193:. 10187:. 10173:^ 10143:^ 10126:. 10088:^ 10044:. 10014:. 9958:. 9932:. 9896:. 9839:, 9813:. 9787:. 9760:. 9740:, 9722:. 9696:. 9666:. 9541:. 9514:21 9512:. 9478:. 9445:. 9434:^ 9383:. 9353:. 9331:. 9309:. 9296:^ 9181:. 9113:^ 9103:. 9032:^ 9003:^ 8956:^ 8934:. 8826:. 8758:. 8731:. 8727:. 8702:. 8673:. 8647:. 8579:. 8575:. 8470:^ 8414:. 8400:^ 8363:^ 8326:^ 8305:. 8301:. 8267:. 8246:. 8213:. 8169:. 8138:10 8136:. 8132:. 8083:^ 8062:. 8025:. 7997:. 7971:. 7942:. 7936:. 7905:. 7878:. 7852:. 7826:. 7788:. 7782:. 7768:^ 7746:. 7715:. 7711:. 7648:. 7642:. 7628:^ 7618:. 7597:. 7576:. 7548:. 7505:. 7475:. 7424:^ 7407:^ 7385:. 7368:^ 7336:^ 7314:. 7296:. 7270:. 7252:. 7218:. 7204:^ 7185:. 7154:. 7128:. 7122:. 7094:. 7073:. 7068:; 7060:. 7040:. 7014:. 6988:, 6954:. 6940:^ 6926:. 6900:. 6894:. 6859:. 6835:. 6831:. 6814:^ 6758:. 6732:. 6624:. 6598:. 6573:. 6546:. 6524:. 6514:45 6512:. 6490:. 6482:. 6474:. 6464:58 6462:. 6456:. 6426:. 6373:. 6347:. 6321:. 6295:. 6275:. 6269:; 6261:. 6249:^ 6231:. 6211:}} 6207:{{ 6180:. 6172:. 6164:. 6156:. 6146:. 6142:. 6115:. 6111:. 6078:. 6055:. 6047:. 6039:. 6015:^ 5996:. 5938:. 5908:. 5882:. 5772:. 5719:. 5693:. 5589:. 5585:. 5556:. 5538:. 5532:. 5501:. 5497:. 5421:. 5349:^ 5254:. 5134:. 5123:^ 5091:38 5042:. 5038:. 5008:^ 4992:. 4984:. 4980:. 4939:^ 4917:. 4906:^ 4864:^ 4742:. 4734:. 4730:. 4696:. 4679:^ 4669:. 4639:. 4631:. 4627:. 4615:^ 4587:54 4546:. 4538:; 4520:. 4492:^ 4482:. 4459:^ 4444:; 4440:; 4436:. 4360:. 4349:^ 4333:. 4275:^ 3972:, 3968:, 3964:, 3960:, 3952:, 3948:, 3925:, 3921:, 3917:, 3634:. 3574:. 3504:, 3497:. 3336:, 3332:, 3328:, 3324:, 3320:, 3245:. 3096:, 2791:. 2767:, 2763:, 2743:, 2711:, 2707:, 2703:, 2590:. 2447:. 2412:, 2396:, 2392:, 2388:, 2384:, 2372:, 2368:, 2334:. 2301:UK 2189:. 2135:, 2113:. 2071:: 2042:, 2019:, 2011:, 1862:A 1802:. 1794:de 1787:, 1668:$ 1517:. 1509:, 1459:. 1376:. 1340:, 892:. 738:. 648:: 644:, 592:, 588:: 547:, 543:, 511:, 488:. 460:, 454:II 408:, 404:, 400:, 353:. 321:: 317:; 311:OG 27255:: 26209:X 25619:e 25612:t 25605:v 24862:, 23893:e 23886:t 23879:v 23825:: 23799:: 23773:: 23753:: 23735:: 23717:: 23699:: 23681:: 23663:: 23645:: 23627:: 23609:: 23591:: 23573:: 23555:: 23537:: 23519:: 23501:: 23483:: 23465:: 23447:: 23429:: 23411:: 23400:: 23389:: 23371:: 23353:: 23335:: 23317:: 23291:e 23284:t 23277:v 23227:: 23209:: 23192:: 23176:: 23158:: 23142:: 23124:: 23108:: 23090:: 23072:: 23054:: 23036:: 23020:: 23002:: 22984:: 22966:: 22948:: 22930:: 22912:: 22894:: 22876:: 22860:: 22849:: 22838:: 22820:: 22802:: 22784:: 22768:: 22750:: 22739:: 22721:: 22703:: 22685:: 22667:: 22649:: 22623:e 22616:t 22609:v 22295:S 22285:M 22280:L 21860:S 21850:P 21845:O 21835:L 21810:C 21805:B 21746:e 21739:t 21732:v 16218:e 16211:t 16204:v 15475:e 15468:t 15461:v 14115:e 14108:t 14101:v 12908:e 12901:t 12894:v 12823:. 12787:. 12768:. 12746:. 12726:. 12700:. 12681:. 12662:. 12641:. 12573:. 12561:: 12544:. 12520:. 12492:. 12456:. 12422:. 12394:. 12364:. 12339:. 12283:. 12255:. 12227:. 12208:. 12180:. 12152:. 12133:. 12110:. 12078:. 12048:. 12027:. 12000:. 11974:. 11923:. 11884:. 11850:. 11816:. 11791:. 11769:. 11734:. 11708:. 11676:. 11654:. 11628:. 11595:. 11505:. 11473:. 11439:. 11363:. 11331:. 11305:. 11257:. 11211:. 11114:. 11061:. 11034:. 10938:" 10860:. 10836:. 10808:. 10787:. 10763:. 10735:. 10711:. 10683:. 10657:. 10633:. 10607:. 10581:. 10546:. 10520:. 10474:. 10444:. 10418:. 10392:. 10370:. 10332:. 10300:. 10274:. 10248:. 10213:. 10167:. 10137:. 10111:. 10082:. 10056:. 10030:. 10000:. 9970:. 9944:. 9917:. 9824:. 9798:. 9772:. 9738:. 9708:. 9682:. 9652:. 9630:. 9608:. 9586:. 9560:. 9524:. 9520:: 9497:. 9461:. 9428:. 9369:. 9290:. 9257:. 9225:. 9193:. 9167:. 9142:. 9107:. 9089:. 9067:. 9026:. 8997:. 8950:. 8920:. 8876:. 8842:. 8812:. 8790:. 8743:. 8713:. 8687:. 8659:. 8633:. 8613:. 8591:. 8561:. 8535:. 8503:. 8464:. 8438:. 8394:. 8357:. 8320:. 8286:. 8232:. 8180:. 8155:. 8114:. 8077:. 8029:. 8008:. 7983:. 7957:. 7921:. 7890:. 7864:. 7838:. 7800:. 7762:. 7731:. 7685:. 7660:. 7622:. 7603:. 7582:. 7561:. 7521:. 7491:. 7461:. 7401:. 7362:. 7330:. 7282:. 7256:. 7237:. 7198:. 7170:. 7140:. 7105:. 7025:. 6973:. 6912:. 6877:. 6845:. 6796:. 6774:. 6743:. 6718:. 6692:. 6660:. 6638:. 6610:. 6584:. 6558:. 6532:. 6520:: 6470:: 6438:. 6434:: 6387:. 6359:. 6333:. 6307:. 6243:. 6217:) 6203:. 6188:. 6160:: 6150:: 6127:. 6094:. 6063:. 6043:: 6033:: 6009:. 5981:. 5954:. 5924:. 5894:. 5868:. 5842:. 5810:. 5784:. 5758:. 5744:. 5730:. 5704:. 5678:. 5652:. 5626:. 5600:. 5570:. 5542:. 5517:. 5483:. 5457:. 5435:. 5407:. 5381:. 5343:. 5317:. 5291:. 5265:. 5240:. 5212:. 5184:. 5150:. 5117:. 5077:. 5052:. 5002:. 4988:: 4965:. 4933:. 4858:. 4789:. 4752:. 4738:: 4700:. 4673:. 4649:. 4635:: 4609:. 4572:. 4552:. 4524:. 4486:. 4454:. 4419:. 4395:. 4371:. 4318:. 4294:. 4166:. 4056:: 3846:. 3554:( 3307:) 3303:( 3292:. 450:I 309:( 294:e 287:t 280:v 42:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.