International Olympic Committee

2195:(CAS) found that the IOC provided insufficient evidence for 28 athletes, and overturned their IOC sanctions. For 11 other athletes, the CAS decided that there was sufficient evidence to uphold their Sochi sanctions, but reduced their lifetime bans to only the 2018 Winter Olympics. The IOC said in a statement that "the result of the CAS decision does not mean that athletes from the group of 28 will be invited to the Games. Not being sanctioned does not automatically confer the privilege of an invitation" and that "this may have a serious impact on the future fight against doping". The IOC found it important to note that the CAS Secretary General "insisted that the CAS decision does not mean that these 28 athletes are innocent" and that they would consider an appeal against the court's decision. Later that month, the Russian Olympic Committee was reinstated by the IOC, despite numerous failed drug tests by Russian athletes in the 2018 Olympics. The Russian Anti-Doping Agency was re-certified in September, despite the Russian rejection of the McLaren Report. 1288:

consolidated into four containment areas within the site, which left the remaining areas available for recreational use. The site contained waste materials that then no longer posed a threat to surrounding aquifers. In the 2006 Games in Torino, Italy, soil impacts were observed. Before the Games, researchers studied four areas that the Games would likely affect: a floodplain, a highway, the motorway connecting the city to Lyon, France, and a landfill. They analyzed the chemicals in these areas before and after the Games. Their findings revealed an increase in the number of metals in the topsoil post-Games, and indicated that soil was capable of buffering the effects of many but not all heavy metals. Mercury, lead, and arsenic may have been transferred into the food chain.

2219:. In the immediate days prior to the referendum, the IOC and the PRC government, issued a threatening statement, suggesting that if the team underwent the name change, the IOC had the legal right to make a "suspension of or forced withdrawal," of the team from the 2020 Summer Olympics. In response to the allegations of election interference, the IOC stated, "The IOC does not interfere with local procedures and fully respects freedom of expression. However, to avoid any unnecessary expectations or speculations, the IOC wishes to reiterate that this matter is under its jurisdiction." Subsequently, with a significant PRC pressure, the referendum failed in Taiwan with 45% to 54%. 1847:, seen as the favourite, surprised with a withdrawal. Following a string of local controversies over the masterplan, local officials were outraged by IOC demands on athletes and the Olympic family. In addition, allegations about lavish treatment of stakeholders, including separate lanes to "be created on all roads where IOC members will travel, which are not to be used by regular people or public transportation", exclusive cars and drivers for IOC members. The differential treatment irritated Norwegians. The IOC demanded "control over all advertising space throughout Oslo and the subsites during the Games, to be used exclusively by official sponsors." 8398: 478: 2281:. He wrote further: "as a fellow fencer, it is impossible for me to imagine how you feel at this moment. The war against your country, the suffering of the people in Ukraine, the uncertainty around your participation at the Fencing World Championships ... and then the events which unfolded yesterday – all this is a roller coaster of emotions and feelings. It is admirable how you are managing this incredibly difficult situation, and I would like to express my full support to you. Rest assured that the IOC will continue to stand in full solidarity with the Ukrainian athletes and the Olympic community of Ukraine." 10541: 53: 2776: 7952: 261: 3258: 2616: 10303: 1330: 2905: 2801: 3578: 3284: 62: 8335: 7990: 1029:, moved to the IOC and became the organisation's first marketing director. ISL and then Meridian continued in the established role as the IOC's sales and marketing agents until 2002. In collaboration with ISL Marketing and Meridian Management, Payne made major contributions to the creation of a multibillion-dollar sponsorship marketing programme for the organisation which, along with improvements in TV marketing and improved financial management, helped to restore the IOC's financial viability. 832: 3444: 3232: 3366: 2696: 490: 10719: 3340: 3179: 10667: 1153:, with contributions that assist them in developing their respective sports. The IOC provides financial support to the 28 IOSFs of Olympic summer sports and the seven IOSFs of Olympic winter sports. The continually increasing value of Olympic broadcasts has enabled the IOC to substantially increase financial support to IOSFs with each successive Games. The seven winter sports IFs shared US$ 85.8 million, €75 million in Salt Lake 2002 broadcast revenue. 3497: 3206: 3153: 2571: 3071: 3012: 2756: 3470: 3126: 2853: 2736: 3551: 2983: 2879: 3392: 2957: 2551: 3524: 3310: 2676: 2636: 3100: 2716: 3041: 2511: 2486: 3418: 2596: 2931: 2656: 10707: 10655: 8289: 2531: 10679: 10731: 1272:

imposing strict dust control on construction sites, closing or relocating the polluting industrial plants, building long subway lines, using cleaner fluid in power plants, and reducing the activity by some of the polluting factories. There, levels of primary and secondary pollutants were reduced, and good air quality was recorded during the Beijing Olympics on most days. Beijing also sprayed

1885:, called for a boycott of the 2022 Winter Games. The IOC responded to concerns by saying that the Olympic Games must not be politicised. Some nations diplomatically boycotted games, which prohibited a diplomatic delegation from representing a nation at the games, rather than a full boycott that would have barred athletes from competing. In September 2021, the IOC suspended the 1985:. Any female athlete flagged for suspicion and whose testosterone surpassed regulation levels was prohibited from competing until medical treatment brought their hormone levels within standard levels. It has been argued by press, scholars, and politicians that some ethnicities are disproportionately impacted by this regulation and that the rule excludes too many. 1084:

2013–2016 period, the IOC had revenues of about US$ 5.0 billion, of which 73% were from broadcasting rights and 18% were from Olympic Partners. The Rio 2016 organising committee received US$ 1.5 billion and the Sochi 2014 organising committee received US$ 833 million. National Olympic committees and international federations received US$ 739 million each.

1591:. The public schools subscribed to the belief that sport formed an important part of education but that practicing or training was considered cheating. As class structure evolved through the 20th century, the definition of the amateur athlete as an aristocratic gentleman became outdated. The advent of the state-sponsored "full-time amateur athlete" of 2382:. This includes 23 Chinese swimmers who were suspended for more than a year, as samples collected on 6 October 2022 had trace amounts of metandienone. The lab later found that the samples were likely contaminated, as control testing revealed the presence of metandienone in substances such as nutrutional supplements and meat products. 1619:, Manitoba, Canada. The decision was reversed in January 1970 after Brundage declared that the change would put ice hockey's status as an Olympic sport in jeopardy. In response, Canada withdrew from international ice hockey competition and officials stated that they would not return until "open competition" was instituted. 2079:, because the sport did not offer equal opportunities for men and women. This decision was attacked by the sporting community, given the sport's long traditions. This decision was later overturned, after a reassessment. Later, the sport was placed among the core Olympic sports, which it will hold until at least 2032. 1820:

Japan's successful race to host the 2020 Summer Games. The following day, French prosecutors confirmed they were investigating allegations of "corruption and money laundering" of more than $ 2m in suspicious payments made by the Tokyo 2020 Olympic bid committee to a secret bank account linked to Diack.

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Supervise all the activities of the Olympic Movement that are related to culture in the broadest sense of the term - art, history, focus on values, academic research and patrimonial collections – with a view to promoting the Olympic ideals as widely as possible, especially among young people all over

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These commissions have individual missions in the Olympic Movement. They may be created by The President, the IOC Executive Board, or the Olympic Charter. The President is an ex officio member of all commissions, designates its members and determines their dissolution once they have fulfilled their

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and man-made substances (such as exhaust from vehicles or industry). Contaminants from these two categories elevate amounts of toxins in street dust. Street dust reaches water sources through runoff, facilitating the transfer of toxins to environments and communities that rely on these water sources.

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can occur during construction. The Sydney Olympic Games of 2000 resulted in improving a highly contaminated area known as Homebush Bay. A pre-Games study reported soil metal concentrations high enough to potentially contaminate groundwater. A remediation strategy was developed. Contaminated soil was

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For the Beijing Olympics, vehicles not meeting the Euro 1 emission standards were banned, and the odd-even rule was implemented in the Beijing administrative area. Air quality improvement measures implemented by the Beijing government included replacing coal with natural gas, suspending construction,

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Presidents and individuals holding an executive or senior leadership position within NOCs, world or continental associations of NOCs, IFs or associations of IFs, or other organisations recognised by the IOC cease to be a member upon ceasing to exercise the function they were exercising at the time of

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NOCs receive financial support for training and developing their Olympic teams, Olympic athletes, and Olympic hopefuls. The IOC distributes TOP programme revenue to each NOC. The IOC also contributes Olympic broadcast revenue to Olympic Solidarity, an IOC organisation that provides financial support

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rejected all attempts to link the Olympics with commercial interests. Brundage believed that corporate interests would unduly impact the IOC's decision-making. Brundage's resistance to this revenue stream left IOC organising committees to negotiate their own sponsorship contracts and use the Olympic

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region's governor said the Japanese city provided millions of dollars in an "illegitimate and excessive level of hospitality" to IOC members, including US$ 4.4 million spent on entertainment. Earlier reports put the figure at approximately US$ 14 million. The precise figures are unknown: after

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In 2013, researchers in Beijing found a significant relationship between the amount of PM2.5 concentrations in the air and in rainfall. Studies showed that rainfall had transferred a large portion of these pollutants from the air to water sources. Notably, this cleared the air of such particulates,

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Protect and promote the autonomy and neutrality of sport. It also advises on the role of sport and Olympism in society, as a contributor to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and as a contributor to peace. It recommends approaches to position the IOC as a thought-leader and policy-influencer on

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The Olympic Games can affect water quality in several ways, including runoff and the transfer of polluting substances from the air to water sources through rainfall. Harmful particulates come from natural substances (such as plant matter crushed by higher volumes of pedestrian and vehicle traffic)

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for not shaking the hand of her defeated Russian opponent, although Kharlan instead offered a tapping of blades in acknowledgement. The President of the IOC, Thomas Bach, sent a letter to Kharlan in which he expressed empathy for her, and wrote that in light of the situation she was guaranteed a

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was bidding for the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, though it failed to make it beyond the shortlist. Weeks later, Qatari authorities denied the allegations. Gibson then reported that a €1.3m (£1m, $ 1.5m) payment from the Tokyo Olympic Committee team to an account linked to Papa Diack was made during

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Founded in 1921, The Executive Board manages the afairs of the IOC. Its members include the President, four Vice Presidents, and ten other members. All members are elected, by secret ballot, by a majority of votes cast, for a four-year term. Meetings can only be conducted if convened by the

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and the IOC, based on the athlete's individual circumstances. One day prior to the opening ceremony, 270 athletes were cleared to compete under the Russian flag, while 167 were removed because of doping. In contrast, the entire Kuwaiti team was banned from competing under their own flag (for a

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Since 1995, the IOC has worked to address environmental health concerns resulting from hosting the games. In 1995, IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch stated, "the International Olympic Committee is resolved to ensure that the environment becomes the third dimension of the organization of the

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Until 1992, both the Summer and Winter Olympics were held in the same year. After that year, however, the IOC shifted the Winter Olympics to the even years between Summer Games to help space the planning of the two events from one another, and to improve the financial balance of the IOC, which

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As a result of the investigation, ten IOC members were expelled and another ten were sanctioned. Stricter rules were adopted for future bids, and caps were put into place as to how much IOC members could accept from bid cities. Additionally, new term and age limits were put into place for IOC

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to NOCs with the greatest need. The continued success of the TOP programme and Olympic broadcast agreements has enabled the IOC to provide increased support for the NOCs with each Olympic quadrennium. The IOC provided approximately US$ 318.5 million to NOCs for the 2001–2004 quadrennium.

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The IOC distributes some of its revenue to organisations throughout the Olympic Movement to support the staging of the Olympic Games and to promote worldwide sport development. The IOC retains approximately 10% of the Olympic marketing revenue for operational and administrative costs. For the

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and accept the decisions of the IOC. I will always act independently of commercial and political interests as well as of any racial or religious consideration. I will fully comply with the IOC Code of Ethics. I promise to fight against all forms of discrimination and dedicate myself in all

1718:, head of the coordination committee overseeing the organisation of the 2002 Games, announced that several members of the IOC had received gifts from members of the Salt Lake City 2002 bid Committee in exchange for votes. Soon four independent investigations were underway: by the IOC, the 1101:

stated that he had "yet to see matters of corruption in the IOC", but noted there were "matters of unaccountability". He later noted that when the spotlight is on the athletes, it has "the power to eclipse impressions of scandal or corruption", with respect to the Olympic bid process.

2125:(then known as the IAAF) suspended Russia indefinitely from world track and field events. The United Kingdom Anti-Doping agency later assisted WADA with testing in Russia. In June 2016, they reported that they were unable to fully carry out their work and noted intimidation by armed 1900:, there was speculation about whether the IOC was also intending to send a message to nations considering a boycott of the games that they could be banned from participation in future Olympic Games if they chose to boycott this edition. On 14 October 2021, vice-president of the IOC, 1291:

One promise made to Londoners for the 2012 Olympic Games was that the Olympic Park would be a "blueprint for sustainable living." However, garden allotments were temporarily relocated due to the building of the Olympic stadium. The allotments were eventually returned. However, the

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When Brundage retired the IOC had US$ 2 million in assets; eight years later coffers had swollen, to US$ 45 million. This was primarily due to a shift in ideology toward expansion of the Games through corporate sponsorship and the sale of television rights. When

2342:. The calls from the organizations have been prompted by concerns about the war's impact on Palestinian athletes and sports facilities. In November 2023, Russia accused the IOC of having double standards by not sanctioning Israel due to its military actions in Gaza and 2289:

On 12 October 2023, the International Olympic Committee issued a statement stating that after Russia began its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the Russian Olympic Committee unilaterally transferred four regions that were originally under the jurisdiction of the

1025:, a Swiss sports marketing company, to develop a global marketing programme for the Olympic Movement. ISL developed the programme, but was replaced by Meridian Management, a company partly owned by the IOC in the early 1990s. In 1989, a staff member at ISL Marketing, 1296:

was damaged. Further, allotment residents were exposed to radioactive waste for five months prior to moving, during the excavation of the site for the Games. Other local residents, construction workers, and onsite archaeologists faced similar exposures and risks.

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Age limit: any IOC member ceases to be a member at the end of the calendar year during which they reach the age of 70 or 80. Any member who joined in the 1900s ceases to be a member at age 80 and any member who joined in the 2000s ceases to be a member at age

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Expulsion: an IOC member may be expelled by decision of the session if such member has betrayed their oath or if the Session considers that such member has neglected or knowingly jeopardised the interests of the IOC or acted in a way which is unworthy of the

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status. The decision enables the IOC to be directly involved in the UN Agenda and to attend UN General Assembly meetings where it can take the floor. In 1993, the General Assembly approved a Resolution to further solidify IOC–UN cooperation by reviving the

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opening ceremony as neither nation's athletes were invited. Russia responded by accusing the IOC of being "neo-nazis." Under the ruling, Russian athletes would not be allowed to participate in team events, and are not allowed to display the Russian flag.

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Supervise the implementation of the gender equality and inclusion strategy to enable them to make informed and balanced decisions to advance gender equality in sport on and off the field of play across the three spheres of responsibility of the IOC.

1607:(CAHA) felt their amateur players could no longer be competitive against the Soviet full-time athletes and other constantly improving European teams. They pushed for the ability to use players from professional leagues, but met opposition from the 4372:

Kip Keino (KEN) is the first ever recipient of the Olympic Laurel, a distinction created by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to honour an outstanding individual for their achievements in education, culture, development and peace through

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The OCOGs have responsibility for domestic sponsorship, ticketing and licensing programmes, under the direction of the IOC. The Olympic Movement generated a total of more than US$ 4 billion (€2.5 billion) in revenue during the Olympic

7214:"FIE OUTLINE of RISK-MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS for NATIONAL FENCING FEDERATIONS and COMPETITION ORGANISERS in the CONTEXT of COVID-19 (FORMIR – COVID-19) PREPARED by FIE TASK FORCE and REVIEWED by FIE MEDICAL COMMISSION and FIE LEGAL COMMISSION," 4877:

Suh J-Y, Birch G. F., Hughes K., Matthai C. (2004) Spatial distribution and source of heavy metals in reclaimed lands of Homebush Bay: the venue of the 2000 Olympic Games, Sydney, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. Vol. 51:

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Chena DS, Chenga SY, Liub L, Chenc T, Guoa XR. (2007). An integrated MM5–CMAQ modeling approach for assessing transboundary PM10 contribution to the host city of the 2008 Olympic Summer Games—Beijing, China. Atmospheric environment. Vol. 41;

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entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were paid by the state to train on a full-time basis. Nevertheless, the IOC held to the traditional rules regarding amateurism.

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TOP programme revenue: the two OCOGs of each Olympic quadrennium generally share approximately 50% of TOP programme revenue and value-in-kind contributions, with approximately 30% provided to the summer OCOG and 20% provided to the winter

1730:. Before any of the investigations could get under way, SLOC co-heads Tom Welch and David Johnson both resigned their posts. Many others soon followed. The Department of Justice filed fifteen counts of bribery and fraud against the pair. 579:, sustainable energy, improved waste management, and environmental education. These projects included industrial plant relocation or closure, furnace replacement, introduction of new emission standards, and more strict traffic control. 6619: 2267:

replaced its previous handshake requirement with a "salute" by the opposing fencers, writing in a public notice that handshakes were "suspended until further notice." Nevertheless, in July 2023, the Ukrainian four-time world champion

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attempted to break Greek law by dressing as a man to enter the arena as a trainer. After she was discovered, a policy was erected wherein trainers, just as athletes, were made to appear naked in order to better assure all were male.

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Supervise sustainability and legacy matters and make informed, balanced decisions that maximise positive impacts, minimise negative impacts and foster positive change and legacies in the social, economic and environmental spheres.

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Give guidance, perspective and ideas in the area of Olympic marketing and commercial partnerships which will assist the IOC to continue to generate, enable and grow long-term, sustainable revenue streams for the Olympic Movement.

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Qiao Q, Zhang C, Huang B, Piper JDA. (2011). Evaluating the environmental quality impact of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games: magnetic monitoring of street dust in Beijing Olympic Park. Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 187;

7265:"Ukrainian fencer disqualified from world championships for refusing handshake with Russian opponent; Olga Kharlan offered to touch blades after beating Anna Smirnova, who then staged a sit-down protest at the handshake refusal" 1824:

of the Tokyo 2020 bid committee responded on 17 May 2016, denying allegations of wrongdoing, and refused to reveal transfer details. The controversy was reignited on 11 January 2019 after it emerged Takeda had been indicted on

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if U.S. authorities continued to investigate allegations of doping by Chinese swimmers. The IOC insisted that Salt Lake City agree that it may "terminate Olympic host city contracts in cases where the supreme authority of the

464:"Honoured to be chosen as a member of the International Olympic Committee, I fully accept all the responsibilities that this office brings: I promise to serve the Olympic Movement to the best of my ability. I will respect the 7195:"FIE OUTLINE of RISK-MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS for NATIONAL FENCING FEDERATIONS and COMPETITION ORGANIZERS in the CONTEXT of COVID-19; PREPARED by FIE TASK FORCE and REVIEWED by FIE MEDICAL COMMISSION and FIE LEGAL COMMISSION," 2445:

Enact, in the form it deems most appropriate, (codes, rulings, norms, guidelines, guides, instructions) all regulations necessary to ensure the proper implementation of the Olympic Charter and the organisation of the Olympic

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test. The scientific community found fault with this policy. The use of the Barr body test was evaluated by fifteen geneticists who unanimously agreed it was scientifically invalid. By the 1970s this method was replaced with

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Beginning in the 1970s, amateurism was gradually phased out of the Olympic Charter. After the 1988 Games, the IOC decided to make all professional athletes eligible for the Olympics, subject to the approval of the IFOSs.

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levels in women athletes. This transition in sex testing was to assure fairness within female events. This was due to the belief that higher testosterone levels increased athletic ability and gave unfair advantages to

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Ensure that the IOC has the appropriate strategies relating to the secure and sustainable use of technology in support of the IOC's daily operations, the delivery of the Olympic Games and of the Youth Olympic Games.

1723: 1119: 602:, Lausanne. The cost of the project was estimated to stand at $ 156m. The IOC announced on 11 February 2019 that the "Olympic House" would be inaugurated on 23 June 2019 to coincide with its 125th anniversary. The 2183:

as an "Olympic Athlete from Russia" (OAR). Under the terms of the decree, Russian government officials were barred from the Games, and neither the country's flag nor anthem would be present. The Olympic Flag and

7574: 5768: 7085: 5596: 1236:, and damage urban ecosystems. Black carbon is released into the air from incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fluids, contributing to climate change and injuring human health. Secondary pollutants such as 5830: 1232:(the amount of aerodynamic diameter of particle ≤ 10 μm in a given amount of air) – as a top priority. Particulate matter, along with other airborne pollutants, cause both serious health problems, such as 1125:

Domestic programme revenue: the OCOGs generate substantial revenue from the domestic marketing programmes that they manage within the host country, including domestic sponsorship, ticketing, and licensing.

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Safeguard the ethical principles of the Olympic Movement, keep the Code of Ethics updated, examines situations involving possible breaches of the ethical principles and, if necessary, proposes sanctions.

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Provide advice and recommendations relating to the IOC's financial management in order to safeguard continuity and strengthen the transparency and good governance of the IOC and the Olympic Movement.

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Maintain year-round interest in the Olympic movement, carrying documentaries and other programming chronicling the Olympic Games, as well as coverage of events in Olympic sport outside of the Games.

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In response to these findings, WADA announced that RUSADA should be regarded as non-compliant with respect to the World Anti-Doping Code and recommended that Russia be banned from competing at the

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IOC Sustainability and Legacy Commission focuses on how the IOC can improve the strategies and policies associated with environmental health throughout the process of hosting the Olympic Games.

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The number of all serving IOC members may not exceed 115. When named they became IOC members in their respective countries rather than representatives of their respective countries to the IOC.

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had been suspended effective immediately from the 2018 Winter Olympics. Athletes who had no previous drug violations and a consistent history of drug testing were allowed to compete under the

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Chen Y, Jin GZ, Kumar N, Shi G. (2012). The Promise of Beijing: Evaluating the Impact of the 2008 Olympic Games on Air Quality. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 66, 424–433.

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in Gaza. The IOC has cautioned athletes against boycotting or discriminating others, stating that immediate action will follow any discriminatory behavior such as the case of Algerian judoka

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as its first president. As of February 2022, its membership consists of 105 active members and 45 honorary members. The IOC is the supreme authority of the worldwide modern Olympic Movement.

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Wang X et al. (2009). Evaluating the air quality impacts of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games: On-road emission factors and black carbon profiles. Atmospheric environment. Vol. 43; 4535–4543.

8324: 5860: 1764:"The goal of Olympism is to place sport at the service of the harmonious development of man, with a view to promoting a peaceful society concerned with the preservation of human dignity." 1177:

The IOC requires cities bidding to host the Olympics to provide a comprehensive strategy to protect the environment in preparation for hosting, and following the conclusion of the Games.

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Supervise the legal affairs of the IOC. This includes providing legal opinions, consider defence actions and study the legal nature of issues that may affect the interests of the IOC.

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In more recent history, sex verification has taken many forms and been subject to dispute. Before sex testing, Olympic officials relied on "nude parades" and doctor's notes. Successful

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To protect clean athletes and the integrity of sport, by leading the fight against doping, and by taking action against all forms of manipulation of competitions and related corruption;

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Olympic Games, the first and second being sport and culture." Acting on this statement, in 1996 the IOC added the "environment" as a third pillar to its vision for the Olympic Games.

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improvement measures are undertaken before and after each event. Traffic control is the primary method to reduce concentrations of air pollutants, including barring heavy vehicles.

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To encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues, to promote sustainable development in sport and to require that the Olympic Games are operated accordingly;

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Sadd D. (2012). Not all Olympic 'events' are good for the health, just ask the previous occupants of the Manor Road. Allotments Perspectives in Public Health. Vol. 132; 2, 62–63.

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Represent athletes within the Olympic Movement, support them so they can succeed in their sporting and non-sporting careers, and empower the network of athlete representatives.

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Supervise the promotion of Olympic values-based education and provides strategic direction on IOC programmes and activities related to the education of youth through sport.

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Palestinian sports organizations and sports organizations from Arab countries have called for sanctions to be imposed against Israel and to prevent its participation in the

5640: 2394:(WADA) in the fight against doping is not fully respected or if the application of the world antidoping code is hindered or undermined." This was intended to undermine the 6886: 9953: 1414: 278: 7736: 6561: 6275: 9321: 8481: 7566: 5758: 5093: 5070: 8994: 4169: 9671: 9666: 7979: 7067: 5397: 9144: 5580: 4217: 1799:

reported that French financial prosecutors investigating corruption in world athletics had expanded their remit to include the bidding and voting processes for the

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received US$ 443 million, €395 million in broadcast revenue from the IOC, and the Athens 2004 Organizing Committee received US$ 732 million, €690 million.

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is the general meeting of the members of the IOC, held once a year in which each member has one vote. It is the IOC's supreme organ and its decisions are final.

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To cooperate with competent public or private organizations and authorities endeavouring to place sport at the service of humanity and thereby to promote peace;

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Assist the Director General's Office in fulfilling its responsibilities in terms of risk management, financial reporting, compliance, control and governance.

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was banned from competing internationally having been found to be in violation of the Hyperandrogenism Regulation. Following the denial of her appeal by the

1904:, announced that the IOC had no plans to challenge the Chinese government on humanitarian issues, stating that the issues were "not within the IOC's remit". 7002: 1216:

Host cities have concerns about traffic congestion and air pollution, both of which can compromise air quality during and after venue construction. Various

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and IOC. At the IIHF Congress in 1969, the IIHF decided to allow Canada to use nine non-NHL professional hockey players at the 1970 World Championships in

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and the FSB had operated a "state-directed failsafe system" using a "disappearing positive methodology" (DPM) from "at least late 2011 to August 2015".

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Pastor, Aaren (2019). "Unwarranted and Invasive Scrutiny: Caster Semenya, Sex-Gender Testing and the Production of Woman In 'Women's' Track and Field".

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Provide assistance to all the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) for athlete development programmes, in particular those with the greatest needs of it.

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made it clear there was no issue regarding Israel participating at the 2024 Summer Olympics and cautioned athletes against boycotts and discrimination.

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Broadcast revenue: the IOC contributes 49% of the Olympic broadcast revenue for each Games to the OCOG. During the 2001–2004 Olympic quadrennium, the

10798: 8928: 8796: 2346:, as Palestine is also an IOC member. In January 2024, over 300 Palestinian sports clubs called for Israel to be barred from the 2024 Olympics after 2240: 1743: 7173: 4837:

Wang T et al. (2010). Air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympics: secondary pollutants and regional impact. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Vol. 10; 7603–7615.

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In late 2022 and early 2023 at different locations and different times, several athletes were suspended for testing positive for trace amounts of

1671:) offered itself as a potential host after Denver's withdrawal, but the IOC declined Salt Lake City's offer. On 5 February 1973, the IOC selected 430:

To encourage and support the efforts of sports organizations and public authorities to provide for the social and professional future of athletes;

9267: 8727: 8397: 4848: 1563: 366:, the IOC's term for all entities and individuals involved in the Olympic Games. As of 2020, 206 NOCs officially were recognized by the IOC. The 7390: 5852: 4277: 10808: 9114: 8916: 8565: 8474: 8270: 6817: 6359: 5283: 5196: 4994: 4455: 4076: 3720: 8784: 5424: 9946: 9765: 9387: 8892: 8790: 7972: 7596: 7412: 4719: 6786: 5726: 5170: 4928: 8685: 5463: 5305: 4752: 6334: 6301: 415:

To encourage and support elected representatives of athletes, working with the IOC Athletes' Commission as their official representative;

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Submit, on proposal of the Nomination Commission, to the IOC Session the names of the persons whom it recommends for election to the IOC;

2255:

to silence Peng's sexual assault allegations. Zhang Gaoli previously led the Beijing bidding committee to host the 2022 Winter Olympics.

7264: 7108: 6763: 5791: 5693: 1161:

The IOC contributes Olympic marketing revenue to the programmes of various recognized international sports organizations, including the

9132: 9000: 8757: 8649: 8613: 8338: 8231: 7213: 3732: 2100: 7544: 6453: 4521: 4051: 4045:"Creating a New Horizon for Sustainable 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games: Furthering Benefits to Human and Nature" 3454:

Strengthen the role of sport and Olympism in society as important enablers of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 365 days a year .

1192:

Every candidate city must provide information on environmental health issues such as air quality and environmental impact assessments.

9441: 9190: 8814: 8467: 6672: 5028:"The Olympic Ideal and the Winter Games Attitudes Towards the Olympic Winter Games in Olympic Discourses—from Coubertin to Samaranch" 4325: 7628: 7335: 1949:, as well as evaluating factors such as brain anatomy and behavior. Following continued backlash against mandatory sex testing, the 10823: 10783: 9985: 9818: 9813: 9604: 9576: 9297: 8490: 8238: 7965: 7685: 3820: 1646:

voters' rejection on 7 November 1972, by 60% of the vote, of a $ 5 million bond issue to finance the Games with public funds.

1374: 1150: 921: 857: 7865: 5623: 1014:

was elected IOC president in 1980 his desire was to make the IOC financially independent. Samaranch appointed Canadian IOC member

567:

In 2000, the "Green Olympics" effort was developed by the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Beijing Olympic Games. The Beijing

9980: 9941: 9893: 9676: 9628: 9510: 9435: 9208: 8964: 8820: 8643: 6616:"IOC suspends Russian NOC and creates a path for clean individual athletes to compete in Pyeongchang 2018 under the Olympic Flag" 5350: 4385: 4299: 289: 6878: 5148: 5110: 3320:

Provide a guiding reference for all other sports organisations on matters relating to the protection of the health of athletes.

2366:. The IOC also stated that athletes are not to be held accountable for their government's actions. In March 2024, IOC President 2310:

were included as members of their own, so the International Olympic Committee announced the suspension of the membership of the

9992: 9273: 9054: 8880: 8691: 6271: 1654: 1444: 2399: 9805: 9796: 9460: 9423: 9417: 9232: 9178: 9108: 8940: 8808: 8661: 8535: 8260: 8065: 7915: 7875: 7854: 7835: 7718: 7505: 6557: 4543: 4131: 3935: 2291: 1110:

The IOC provides TOP programme contributions and broadcast revenue to the OCOGs to support the staging of the Olympic Games:

5090: 5067: 2317:

On 19 March 2024, the IOC announced that, due to their suspension, Russian and Belarusian athletes would be barred from the

9214: 9138: 9126: 9066: 8958: 8910: 6917: 4165: 3402:

Analyze Summer, Winter and Youth Olympic Games programmes and form proposals for consideration by the IOC Executive Board.

10540: 5401: 2424:

Approve the IOC's internal organisation, its organisation chart and all internal regulations relating to its organisation;

1916:

to ensure participants compete only in events matching their sex. Verifying the sex of Olympic participants dates back to

1754:

and others expressed concerns regarding the human rights situation. The second principle in the Fundamental Principles of

1734:

membership, an Athlete's Commission was created and fifteen former Olympic athletes gained provisional membership status.

1595:

countries further eroded the notion of the pure amateur, as it put Western, self-financed amateurs at a disadvantage. The

738:

Extraordinary Sessions may be convened by the President or upon the written request of at least one third of the members.

9611: 9405: 9381: 9375: 9249: 9120: 8988: 8739: 8589: 8450: 4221: 2395: 1936:

were most likely to be inspected. In 1966, IOC implemented a compulsory sex verification process that took effect at the

1727: 1608: 1604: 1556: 7360: 7241: 7139: 6475: 5502: 3242:

Propose and implement a new targeted recruitment process of IOC Members as per recommendation 38 of Olympic Agenda 2020

896:

Transfer of domicile or of main center of interests to a country other than their country at the time of their election.

9599: 9393: 9369: 9363: 9333: 9078: 8868: 8265: 6104:

Burnett, Cora (2019). "South African Newspapers' Constructions of the Caster Semenya Saga through Political Cartoons".

4781: 3726: 3250: 2331: 2216: 2161: 2152:. The IOC rejected the recommendation, stating that a separate decision would be made for each athlete by the relevant 2092: 2059:, who had survived the Munich Massacre, commented: "I do not understand. I do not understand, and I do not accept it". 1901: 1389: 1162: 977:: individuals for exceptionally distinguished contributions to the Olympic Movement; superseded the Olympic Certificate 3860: 3785: 1989: 1195:

Every host city is given the option to declare "pledges" to address specific or general environmental health concerns.

883:

Resignation: any IOC member may end their membership at any time by delivering a written resignation to the President.

9963: 9958: 9858: 9693: 9429: 9090: 8952: 8898: 8802: 8655: 8595: 7194: 6969: 6584: 6245: 5027: 4977: 4516: 1838: 1637: 1369: 6420:"Decision of the IOC Executive Board concerning the participation of Russian athletes in the Olympic Games Rio 2016" 10682: 9706: 9621: 9411: 9339: 9285: 9220: 9150: 8946: 8832: 3992: 2523: 2273: 1807:. The story followed an earlier report in January by Gibson, who revealed that Papa Massata Diack, the son of then- 676: 220: 7905: 4574: 4247: 9638: 9102: 9036: 8673: 8601: 3600:

The Olympic Partner (TOP) sponsorship programme includes the following commercial sponsors of the Olympic Games.

2897: 1863: 1719: 1705: 1022: 412:

To take action to strengthen the unity, independence, political neutrality, and autonomy of the Olympic Movement;

7234:"World Fencing Championships: Ukraine's Olga Kharlan disqualified for refusing Russian Anna Smirnov's handshake" 4623: 2055:, the then-IOC President, said it would be "inappropriate" to do so. Speaking of the decision, Israeli Olympian 10813: 9351: 9345: 9202: 9096: 9012: 8547: 4355: 4014: 2608: 2192: 2141:. McLaren's investigation found corroborating evidence, concluding in a report published in July 2016 that the 2020: 1782: 1549: 1349: 8083: 6194:

Parks Pieper, Lindsay (2014). "Sex Testing and the Maintenance of Western Femininity in International Sport".

4680: 4655: 4605: 4108: 3912:

Beyer S. (2006). The green Olympic Movement: Beijing 2008. Chinese Journal of International Law, 5:2, 423–440.

10670: 9975: 9786: 9184: 9042: 8982: 8856: 8745: 8607: 8583: 8553: 8055: 6390:"WADA Statement: Independent Investigation confirms Russian State manipulation of the doping control process" 2436:

Conduct the procedure for acceptance and selection of candidatures for the organisation of the Olympic Games;

1696:

the IOC asked that the entertainment expenditures not be made public Nagano destroyed its financial records.

1001:

During the first half of the 20th century the IOC ran on a small budget. As IOC president from 1952 to 1972,

782: 446: 323: 6506:"Exclusive: Pound confident Russian athletes will be found guilty of Sochi 2014 doping despite IOC inaction" 5336: 2430:

Present a report to the Session on any proposed change of the Olympic Charter, one of its Rules or bye-laws;

2400:

allegations that the World Anti-Doping Agency covered up and failed to sanction drug use by Chinese swimmers

1742:

In 2000, international human rights groups attempted to pressure the IOC to reject Beijing's bid to protest

1582: 9753: 9718: 8874: 8721: 7472: 5382: 5222: 2343: 1982: 1434: 886:

Non re-election: any IOC member ceases to be a member without further formality if they are not re-elected.

637: 6036:

Parks Pieper, Lindsay (2018). "First, they qualified for the Olympics. Then they had to prove their sex".

4191: 399:

To encourage and support the organization, development, and coordination of sport and sports competitions;

10818: 9968: 9825: 9503: 9327: 9261: 9172: 9084: 8862: 8751: 8559: 8437: 8045: 7165: 3516: 2941:

Supervise the IOC's Esports and oversee the planning and organization of upcoming Olympic Esports Games.

2889:

Improve the quality and the level of services to athletes by engaging with and uniting the stakeholders.

2840: 2351: 2232: 1950: 1364: 900: 850: 8095: 5245: 4451: 2820:

mandates. No commission can hold a meeting without permission of the President unless otherwise noted.

1746:. One Chinese dissident was sentenced to two years in prison during an IOC tour. After the city won the 613:

Since 2002, the IOC has been involved in several high-profile controversies including taking gifts, its

10697: 10577: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10528: 10521: 10515: 10510: 10505: 9658: 9616: 9315: 9226: 8529: 8226: 4050:. The PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. Archived from 3057: 2688: 2211:", a name agreed to in 1981 by the People's Republic of China in the Nagoya Protocol, which denies the 2142: 2138: 1913: 1650: 1399: 1394: 1344: 1135: 864: 553: 545: 359: 971:: institutions or associations with a record of merit and integrity in developing the Olympic Movement 418:

To encourage and support the promotion of women in sport in pursuit of equality between men and women;

9905: 9681: 9399: 9072: 8844: 8198: 8050: 7382: 4269: 2993:

Explore, create and oversee interest in future Games of the Olympiad and Summer Youth Olympic Games.

2668: 2311: 2204: 2176: 2040: 1946: 1747: 1409: 1026: 962: 870:

Individual members, whose memberships are not linked to any specific functions in said organizations.

767: 680: 469:

circumstances to promote the interests of the International Olympic Committee and Olympic Movement."

6066:

Pape, Madeleine (2019). "Expertise and Non-Binary Bodies: Sex, Gender and the Case of Dutee Chand".

5275: 5004: 4083: 2967:

Explore, create and oversee interest in future Olympic Winter Games and Winter Youth Olympic Games.

10302: 9915: 9309: 8517: 8208: 6393: 6363: 6330: 4685: 4660: 3358: 2975: 2391: 2153: 2126: 2118: 1329: 1166: 477: 8302: 7003:"The IOC says Peng Shuai is safe. Experts say the IOC has become a vehicle for Chinese propaganda" 5735: 4712: 10058: 8976: 8886: 8838: 8625: 8424: 7072: 5174: 4889: 4628: 4485: 2244: 2169: 2165: 1588: 1041: 955:

IOC awards gold, silver, and bronze medals for the top three competitors in each sporting event.

7068:"Chinese Official Accused of Sexual Assault Played Key Role in Setting Up Beijing 2022 Olympics" 4744: 10043: 9781: 9735: 9713: 9701: 9496: 9060: 8697: 6297: 2114: 1475: 1439: 1429: 1354: 1011: 493:

The main entrance of the former headquarters of the International Olympic Committee in Lausanne

7629:"Israel's Olympic status not in question says IOC president Bach amid frustration with Russia" 5313: 439:

To promote a positive legacy from the Olympic Games to the host cities, regions and countries;

10063: 8088: 7957: 6759: 6642:"IOC's OAR implementation group releases guidelines for uniforms accessories and equipment's" 3634: 3110:

Supervise the planning and organization of the XXV Olympic Winter Games Milano Cortina 2026.

3092: 3051:

Supervise the planning and organization of the Games of the XXXIV Olympiad Los Angeles 2028.

2708: 1751: 1642:

The Games were originally awarded to Denver on 12 May 1970, but a steep rise in costs led to

1532: 751:

To elect the President, the vice-presidents and all other members of the IOC Executive Board.

327: 145: 7440:"Russia accuses Olympic Committee of 'racism and neo-Nazism' over opening ceremony decision" 5375:"People's Republic of China: The Olympics countdown – failing to keep human rights promises" 3957:

swissinfo.ch, S. W. I.; Corporation, a branch of the Swiss Broadcasting (25 November 2015).

452:

To promote safe sport and the protection of athletes from all forms of harassment and abuse.

52: 10659: 10469: 10462: 10455: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10347: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10311: 10290: 10283: 10276: 10269: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10161: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10088: 9898: 9888: 9571: 8293: 7536: 7444: 7295:"Ukrainian fencer won't shake hands with Russian at world championships, gets Olympic spot" 4904: 3750: 3224: 3118: 3087: 3028: 2999: 2793: 2386: 2363: 2335: 2318: 2278: 2188:

would be used instead, and on 20 December 2017 the IOC proposed an alternate uniform logo.

2149: 2130: 2076: 2028: 2024: 1965: 1961: 1937: 1897: 1855: 1804: 1800: 1688: 1676: 1668: 1664: 1465: 1460: 1228:

Research at the Beijing Olympic Games identified particulate matter – measured in terms of

1047: 899:

Members elected as active athletes cease to be a member upon ceasing to be a member of the

836: 726: 645: 641: 626: 568: 537: 525: 351: 347: 240: 20: 6940:"International Olympic Committee warns Taiwan against name-change that would rile Beijing" 5200: 8: 10490: 9594: 7325: 5114: 3674: 3669: 3462: 3022:

Supervise the planning and organization of the Games of the XXXV Olympiad Brisbane 2032.

2543: 2307: 2252: 1774: 1766:

Amnesty International considered PRC policies and practices as violating that principle.

1506: 1470: 1094: 663:

In September 2024, the IOC revealed its list of candidates for the presidency, featuring

618: 583: 513: 498: 355: 335: 224: 131: 4908: 2449:

Organize periodic meetings with the IFs and with the NOCs at least once every two years;

2350:

had killed Palestine's Olympic football team coach, and damaged the headquarters of the

10723: 10036: 8364: 7825: 7723: 7351:"Russia-Ukraine conflict: Fencer Olga Kharlan ban lifted as she is handed Olympic spot" 6974: 6588: 6211: 6173: 6121: 6083: 5999: 5912: 4920: 3884:"Sport and the Environment: Ways toward Achieving the Sustainable Development of Sport" 2228: 1993: 1537: 1516: 1284: 649: 7951: 7686:"Olympic officials try to crush U.S. probes of China doping, threaten Salt Lake Games" 5823:"North Korea barred from Beijing Olympics because of its decision to skip Tokyo Games" 5357: 5140: 4393: 3332: 424:

To encourage and support measures relating to the medical care and health of athletes;

260: 10631: 8374: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 7911: 7871: 7850: 7847:

International Olympic Committee and the Olympic system: the governance of world sport

7831: 7728: 7077: 6215: 6177: 6165: 6125: 6087: 6003: 5953: 5916: 5664:"The IOC Demands That Helped Push Norway Out of Winter Olympic Bidding Are Hilarious" 5632: 5588: 5549: 5510: 5471: 5432: 5118: 4973: 3410: 2923: 2588: 2212: 2110: 2044: 1929: 1692: 1089: 893:

Failure to attend sessions or take active part in IOC work for two consecutive years.

714: 688: 668: 502: 339: 149: 135: 6229:

Bruce, Kidd (2020). "The IOC must rule out sex testing at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics".

5980:"Sex, drugs and science: the IOC's and IAAF's attempts to control fairness in sport" 5398:"Video: IOC backs off DMCA take-down for Tibet protest | the Industry Standard" 4924: 4082:. The Tokyo Organizing Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Archived from 1815:, appeared to arrange for "parcels" to be delivered to six IOC members in 2008 when 10053: 10008: 9566: 8459: 8275: 8040: 7659: 7330: 6203: 6160: 6155: 6143: 6113: 6075: 5991: 5943: 5932:"Genitals to genes: the history and biology of gender verification in the Olympics" 5904: 4912: 4551: 3755: 3658: 3489: 3449: 3145: 3081:

Supervise the planning and organization of the 4th Youth Olympic Games Dakar 2026.

3033: 2949: 2563: 2503: 2088: 2012: 1969: 1821: 710: 704: 622: 228: 216: 189: 175:

111 active members, 38 honorary members, 206 individual National Olympic Committees

87: 6117: 5995: 5503:"Tokyo Olympics: €1.3m payment to secret account raises questions over 2020 Games" 3931: 2628: 2251:. The IOC's response was internationally criticised as complicit in assisting the 983:: individuals who promote education, culture, development, and peace through sport 10711: 9880: 9835: 9791: 9723: 9643: 9561: 8679: 8667: 8523: 8060: 8025: 8009: 7901: 7220: 7201: 6848:"Russia reinstated by WADA, ending nearly 3-year suspension after doping scandal" 6207: 5097: 5074: 4999: 4609: 3326: 3063: 3004: 2748: 2347: 2122: 2048: 1859: 1759: 1424: 1359: 1237: 748:

To elect the members of the IOC, the Honorary President and the honorary members.

672: 630: 587: 529: 517: 465: 185: 101: 42: 6909: 3302: 10026: 9920: 9875: 9870: 9531: 9255: 9196: 8904: 8511: 8359: 8203: 5618: 3583: 3436: 3289: 3237: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2208: 2185: 2096: 2072: 1997: 1917: 1660: 1501: 1419: 1245: 1199: 1185:

The IOC has four major approaches to addressing environmental health concerns.

1018:

to lead the initiative as Chairman of the "New Sources of Finance Commission".

1002: 980: 807: 603: 442:

To encourage and support initiatives blending sport with culture and education;

271: 7413:"IOC Executive Board suspends Russian Olympic Committee with immediate effect" 6483: 4916: 4132:"Lord Coe confirms bid to be next IOC president as seven candidates confirmed" 2385:

In July 2024, the IOC threatened to withdraw Salt Lake City's bid to host the

1889:, after they boycotted the 2020 Summer Olympics claiming "COVID-19 Concerns". 831: 598:

The IOC received approval in November 2015 to construct a new headquarters in

449:("IOA") and other institutions which dedicate themselves to Olympic education; 390:

To encourage and support the promotion of ethics and good governance in sport;

10777: 10759: 10746: 10735: 10031: 10016: 9925: 9843: 9586: 9519: 8934: 8733: 8637: 8369: 8349: 8334: 8188: 7989: 7732: 7719:"Salt Lake Awarded 2034 Olympics Under I.O.C. Pressure Over Doping Inquiries" 7660:"China's anti-doping agency criticizes media over contamination case reports" 7383:"Ukraine's Kharlan assured of Paris 2024 place by IOC after handshake furore" 7350: 7233: 7081: 7007: 6673:"Winter Olympics: Twenty-eight Russians have lifetime doping bans overturned" 6079: 5908: 5636: 5592: 5553: 5514: 5475: 5436: 5223:"Mainichi Daily News ends its partnership with MSN, takes on new Web address" 3638: 3619: 3543: 2355: 2129:(FSB) agents. After a Russian former lab director made allegations about the 2052: 1882: 1878: 1649:

Denver officially withdrew on 15 November: the IOC then offered the Games to

1511: 1491: 1384: 1321: 1276:

in the atmosphere to induce rain to remove existing pollutants from the air.

1273: 974: 684: 664: 592: 576: 509: 403: 331: 5425:"French police widen corruption investigation to 2016 and 2020 Olympic bids" 4890:"Soil Heavy Metals Patterns in the Torino Olympic Winter Games Venue (E.U.)" 4775:"The 2016 Olympic Games: Health, Security, Environmental, and Doping Issues" 4774: 2418:

Assume the general overall responsibility for the administration of the IOC;

989:

status: towns that have been particularly important for the Olympic Movement

489: 10619: 9863: 9853: 9743: 9648: 9291: 8411: 7758: 7039: 6169: 5957: 5464:"Disgraced athletics chief's son 'arranged parcels' for senior IOC members" 4358:(Press release). Lausanne: International Olympic Committee. 4 August 2016. 3856: 3777: 3198: 2871: 2648: 2379: 2359: 2269: 2180: 2056: 2001: 1973: 1940:

where a lottery system was used to determine who would be inspected with a

1921: 1812: 1795: 1596: 1592: 1293: 1257: 1229: 986: 683:

and the presidents of the international skiing and gymnastics federations,

7567:"More than 300 Palestinian sports clubs call for Israel Olympic Games ban" 5948: 5931: 5034: 4547: 2263:

In July 2020 (and reconfirmed in September 2020 and in January 2021), the

2239:, following her publishing of sexual assault allegations against a former 1956:

Although sex testing was no longer mandated, women who did not present as

1850:

Human rights groups and governments criticised the committee for allowing

61: 10600: 10048: 10021: 9910: 9279: 9027: 8631: 8619: 8354: 8193: 6558:"The IPC suspends the Russian Paralympic Committee with immediate effect" 3629: 3570: 3371: 3345: 3276: 3184: 3171: 2701: 2621: 2478: 2367: 2248: 2047:

to honour the 11 Israeli Olympians who were killed 40 years prior in the

2016: 2005: 1933: 1715: 1711: 1496: 1217: 1072: 968: 732: 572: 371: 204: 5542:"French financial prosecutors confirm investigation into Tokyo 2020 bid" 4077:"Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games High-level Sustainability Plan" 3988: 1785:(EFF) pushed back against the IOC, which then withdrew their complaint. 1769:

Some days before the Opening Ceremonies, in August 2008, the IOC issued

860:(IFs), associations of IFs or other organisations recognised by the IOC; 396:

To ensure that the spirit of fair play prevails and violence is avoided;

7779: 7601: 7477: 6144:"The Caster Semenya ordeal – prejudice, discrimination and racial bias" 5581:"Tokyo 2020 Olympic bid leader refuses to reveal Black Tidings details" 4326:"IOC President awards the Olympic Order to PyeongChang 2018 organisers" 4243: 3384: 2845: 2768: 2728: 2339: 2236: 2207:

over a change in the naming of their National Olympic Committee, from "

2109:

Media attention began growing in December 2014 when German broadcaster

1957: 1826: 1098: 1015: 346:, Switzerland. The IOC is the authority responsible for organizing the 7599:[IOC warns against boycotts and discrimination during Games]. 5068:

Story #17–Protesting amateur rules, Canada leaves international hockey

4244:"Who We Are – ARISF (Association of IOC Recognized Sports Federation)" 3459:

IOC Commission for Public Affairs and Social Development Through Sport

1037:

The Olympic Movement generates revenue through five major programmes.

7473:"Will the IOC Do Anything About the Killing of Palestinian Athletes?" 7355: 5759:"IOC is no 'super world government' to solve China issues, says Bach" 3684: 3664: 3502: 3263: 3211: 3158: 2576: 2068: 1941: 1672: 1587:

De Coubertin was influenced by the aristocratic ethos exemplified by

549: 541: 7800: 6730:"Wada: Clearing Russian athletes may cause 'dismay and frustration'" 1093:

reported on how the IOC redistributes profits from sponsorships and

9848: 9538: 8332: 8004: 7066:

Zhai, Keith; Bachman, Rachel; Robinson, Joshua (24 November 2021).

6618:(Press release). International Olympic Committee. 5 December 2017. 4602: 3654: 3644: 3604: 3475: 3131: 3076: 3017: 2761: 2442:

Upon proposal from the President, it appoints the Director General;

1978: 1871: 1755: 1643: 1616: 1612: 1404: 798:

Olympic Foundation for Culture and Heritage (Lausanne, Switzerland)

533: 482: 383: 343: 162: 67: 6360:"McLaren Independent Investigations Report into Sochi Allegations" 4300:"Olympic Order awarded to WHO Director-General Tedros Ghebreyesus" 2168:, having found evidence that the DPM was also in operation at the 773:

IOC Television and Marketing Services S.A. (Lausanne, Switzerland)

427:

To oppose any political or commercial abuse of sport and athletes;

7717:

Longman, Jeré; Panja, Tariq; Schmidt, Michael S. (24 July 2024).

7537:"IOC defends the participation of Israeli athletes in Paris 2024" 5763: 3614: 3556: 3397: 3163:

Supervise all matters relating to marketing and digital programs

2988: 2962: 2910: 2884: 2858: 2806: 2741: 2556: 2491: 1867: 1851: 1778: 1261: 1253: 1249: 1149:

The IOC is the largest single revenue source for the majority of

1063: 9488: 5694:"IOC demands smiles, ridiculous perks ahead of 2022 Olympic bid" 4015:"Olympic House to officially open on Olympic Day – Olympic News" 2215:'s legitimacy, to simply "Taiwan", after the main island in the 6787:"Tensions rise over reinstatement of Russia at Winter Olympics" 4413: 4411: 4195: 3679: 3609: 3529: 3315: 3105: 2972:

IOC Future Host Summer Commission For The Games Of The Olympiad

2936: 2721: 2681: 2641: 1233: 786: 521: 150:

association organised under the laws of the Swiss Confederation

7987: 7844: 7035:"Peng Shuai: IOC accused of 'publicity stunt' over video call" 6818:"Russia's Olympic membership restored by IOC after doping ban" 3703:

Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations

3697:

Association of International Olympic Winter Sports Federations

2113:

reported on state-sponsored doping in Russia, comparing it to

1960:

continued to be inspected based on suspicion. This started at

1887:

Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

1105: 944:

Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations

937:

Association of International Olympic Winter Sports Federations

7597:"IOC waarschuwt voor boycots en discriminatie tijdens Spelen" 4972:. Ontario: The Centre for Olympic Studies. pp. 120–123. 4434: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4426: 3649: 3046: 2781: 2661: 2536: 2516: 2358:, who received a ten-year ban following his refusal to fight 2134: 1816: 657: 653: 607: 516:(YOG), held in summer and winter every four years. The first 296: 7326:"Ukrainian fencer gets automatically qualified for Olympics" 6476:"Rio 2016: 270 Russians cleared to compete at Olympic Games" 4689:. Passaic County, New Jersey. 25 February 2002. p. A6. 4664:. Passaic County, New Jersey. 25 February 2002. p. A1. 4408: 3745:

FICTS (Fédération Internationale Cinéma Télévision Sportifs)

2411:

President or at the request of the majority of its members.

965:: athletes who demonstrate a special spirit of sportsmanship 571:

executed over 160 projects addressing the goals of improved

8850: 8577: 8541: 7945: 6910:"WIOC threatens to disbar Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee" 6879:"Why The ROC Should Compete as Taiwan in the 2020 Olympics" 5978:

Krieger, Jörg; Parks Pieper, Lindsay; Ritchie, Ian (2019).

5853:"IOC's Coates rules out pressuring China over human rights" 5624:"Japan's Olympics Chief Faces Corruption Charges in France" 4155:

Source: Olympic Charter, in force as from 1 September 2004.

3624: 3423: 3294:

Supervise all Olympic Television and Marketing operations.

2601: 1874:, documenting what many governments described as genocide. 1844: 1770: 1265: 1202:

to work towards addressing environmental health objectives.

1144: 614: 599: 560:

receives a proportionally greater income in Olympic years.

251: 6298:"Wrestling reinstated for Tokyo 2020 | Olympics News" 5977: 5033:. Comité International Pierre De Coubertin. Archived from 4423: 2164:

voted unanimously to ban the entire Russian team from the

1843:

In 2014, at the final stages of the bid process for 2022,

779:

Olympic Broadcasting Services S.A. (Lausanne, Switzerland)

679:

among the seven contenders. The other candidates included

629:

despite China's human rights violations documented in the

433:

To encourage and support the development of sport for all;

7894:

Inside the Olympic Industry: Power, Politics and Activism

7690: 5792:"North Korea suspended from 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics" 5197:"The Games that got away – 2002 Winter Olympics coverage" 2264: 1241: 5091:

Story #40–Finally, Canada to host the World Championship

3273:

IOC Television And Marketing Services Board Of Directors

2427:

Manage the IOC's finances and prepares an annual report;

2137:, WADA commissioned an independent investigation led by 2105:

Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Winter Olympics

813:

International Programmes for Arts, Culture and Education

10794:

International sports organisations based in Switzerland

6446:"IOC sets up 3-person panel to rule on Russian entries" 4849:"How Beijing used rockets to keep opening ceremony dry" 3956: 3709:

Association of Summer Olympic International Federations

2946:

IOC Future Host Commission For The Olympic Winter Games

2455:

Perform all other duties assigned to it by the Session.

930:

Association of Summer Olympic International Federations

915: 386:

throughout the world and to lead the Olympic Movement:

9466:

Global Association of International Sports Federations

3739:

Global Association of International Sports Federations

2034: 1050:, organised through the IOC's worldwide TOP programme. 827:

List of members of the International Olympic Committee

10695: 5727:"IOC hits out as Norway withdraws Winter Olympic bid" 3715:

International Academy of Sport Science and Technology

2325: 2203:

On 24 November 2018, the Taiwanese government held a

867:(NOCs), or world or continental associations of NOCs; 792:

Olympic Channel Services S.A. (Lausanne, Switzerland)

776:

The Olympic Partner Programme (Lausanne, Switzerland)

358:

Olympics. The IOC also is the governing body of the

8489: 8390:

Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa

7845:

Chappelet, Jean-Loup; Brenda Kübler-Mabbott (2008).

6532:"Doping pressure mounts on IOC at German parliament" 5351:"Olympic Charter, in force as from 1 September 2004" 5312:. Deseret News Archives. 19 May 2001. Archived from 3959:"Lausanne gives green light to new IOC headquarters" 1988:

The most notable cases of bans testing results are:

1829:

charges in France over his role in the bid process.

7870:. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 7716: 7065: 3567:

IOC Revenues And Commercial Partnerships Commission

3540:

Gender Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Commission

1583:

Olympic Games § Amateurism and professionalism

1310:substantially improving air quality at the venues. 879:Membership ends under the following circumstances: 7109:"Handshaking Rule Suspended at USA Fencing Events" 6970:"Olympics: Don't Promote Chinese State Propaganda" 6703:"ICAS's Coates responds to Bach over IOC concerns" 6583:Ruiz, Rebecca C.; Panja, Tariq (5 December 2017). 5734: 5622: 5246:"Nagano Burned Documents Tracing '98 Olympics Bid" 3486:IOC Technology And Technical Innovation Commission 2258: 2227:In November 2021, the IOC was again criticised by 5356:. International Olympic Committee. Archived from 5244:Jordan, Mary; Sullivan, Kevin (21 January 1999), 4888:Scalenghe, Riccardo; Fasciani, Gabriella (2008). 4887: 4780:. Congressional Research Service. 8 August 2016. 4622:Abrahamson, Alan; Wharton, David (30 July 2000). 4621: 4356:"Kip Keino to receive Olympic Laurel distinction" 1907: 1892:On 8 September 2021, after the IOC suspended the 1576: 10775: 7900: 6705:. USA Today. Associated Press. 4 February 2018. 5171:"Colorado only state ever to turn down Olympics" 5086: 5063: 4992: 4392:. LA84 Foundation of Los Angeles. Archived from 3806:Roger Bartlett, Chris Gratton, Christer G. Rolf 3595: 1877:Many government officials, notably those in the 1858:. Some weeks before the Opening Ceremonies, the 1788: 701:President of the International Olympic Committee 393:To support the education of youth through sport; 192:, and the host country's language when necessary 7317: 5395:IOC backs off DMCA take-down for Tibet protest 5329:"Beijing opens itself up to Olympic inspectors" 5306:"Samaranch reflects on bid scandal with regret" 4109:"Seven candidates announced for IOC presidency" 2175:On 5 December 2017, the IOC announced that the 1972:Regulation, which aimed to standardise natural 445:To encourage and support the activities of the 8538:(baseball, softball and Baseball5) (associate) 8271:International Committee of Sports for the Deaf 7823: 7506:"The case for sports sanctions against Israel" 7323: 6585:"Russia Banned From Winter Olympics by I.O.C." 6243: 5243: 5173:. Denver.rockymountainnews.com. Archived from 4804: 4802: 4598: 4596: 4575:"Payne – London 2012 to tap fountain of youth" 4417: 4270:"These Olympic Runners Just Won a Major Honor" 3721:International Committee of Sports for the Deaf 2452:Create and allocate IOC honorary distinctions; 2421:Monitor the observance of the Olympic Charter; 2284: 2231:(HRW) and others for its response to the 2021 1744:human rights in the People's Republic of China 1129: 9504: 8475: 8318: 7973: 7827:Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement 6196:International Journal of the History of Sport 5661: 1953:'s opposition ended of the practice in 1999. 1557: 795:Olympic Channel Services S.L. (Madrid, Spain) 741:Among others, the powers of the Session are: 461:All IOC members must swear to the following: 79: 7651: 6193: 6035: 5617: 4963: 4961: 4959: 3808:Encyclopedia of International Sports Studies 2198: 754:To elect the host city of the Olympic Games. 93: 34: 7863: 6412: 6141: 4799: 4593: 4438: 3115:IOC Culture and Olympic Heritage Commission 2222: 1667:final candidate (who eventually hosted the 1313: 1106:Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games 1055:Organising Committees for the Olympic Games 10624: 9511: 9497: 8482: 8468: 8339:Association of National Olympic Committees 8325: 8311: 7980: 7966: 7950: 6727: 5423:Gibson, Exclusive by Owen (1 March 2016). 5133: 4378: 3772: 3770: 3733:International University Sports Federation 2439:Establish the agenda for the IOC Sessions; 2101:Independent Olympians at the Olympic Games 1710:A scandal broke on 10 December 1998, when 1564: 1550: 1198:Every host city must collaborate with the 874: 816:Olympic Solidarity (Lausanne, Switzerland) 764:Olympic Foundation (Lausanne, Switzerland) 259: 51: 19:"IOC" redirects here. For other uses, see 10804:United Nations General Assembly observers 7535:Salguero, David Rubio (6 November 2023). 7262: 6582: 6246:"The Munich massacre: A survivor's story" 6237: 6159: 5947: 5814: 5501:Gibson, Exclusive by Owen (11 May 2016). 5273: 4956: 2075:for the Summer Olympic programme for the 1653:, Canada, but they too declined due to a 1268:) are also released during construction. 1172: 402:To ensure the regular celebration of the 10799:Sports organizations established in 1894 7534: 7166:"Handshaking Rule Temporarily Suspended" 7106: 7000: 6324:"Update on the status of Russia testing" 6218:– via Taylor & Francis Online. 6128:– via Taylor & Francis Online. 6018:– via Taylor & Francis Online. 5327:Bodeen, Christopher (25 February 2001). 5059: 5057: 5055: 4970:Critical Reflections on Olympic Ideology 4572: 3881: 3513:IOC Sustainability and Legacy Commission 1145:International Olympic Sports Federations 830: 488: 476: 10614: 10612: 10610: 10608: 10489: 7907:IIHF Top 100 Hockey Stories of All-Time 7891: 7287: 7256: 7226: 7137: 6103: 4624:"IOC: A tangled web of wealth, mystery" 4452:"IOC Marketing Supremo: Smile, Beijing" 4444: 4129: 3767: 2023:, the IOC suspended the policy for the 1832: 1737: 1699: 1682: 1631: 845:Categories of the IOC members include: 10776: 7657: 6907: 6828:from the original on 22 September 2018 6815: 6784: 6670: 6538:from the original on 17 September 2017 6512:from the original on 17 September 2017 6304:from the original on 19 September 2014 5929: 5894: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5820: 5721: 5719: 5578: 5539: 5500: 5461: 5422: 5326: 4967: 4846: 4745:"Sustainability And Legacy Commission" 2405: 1866:by the Chinese government against the 1156: 745:To adopt or amend the Olympic Charter. 299:: Faster, Higher, Stronger – Together) 10809:International sports governing bodies 10488: 10080: 9492: 9461:International World Games Association 8463: 8306: 8261:International World Games Association 7994:International Olympic Committee (IOC) 7961: 7609:from the original on 17 February 2024 7577:from the original on 25 February 2024 7547:from the original on 20 February 2024 7503: 7485:from the original on 27 February 2024 7470: 7419:from the original on 20 December 2023 7176:from the original on 29 November 2023 7088:from the original on 25 November 2021 7047:from the original on 24 November 2021 7015:from the original on 24 November 2021 6797:from the original on 12 February 2019 6683:from the original on 12 February 2019 6596:from the original on 17 December 2017 6426:from the original on 30 December 2017 6228: 6189: 6187: 6137: 6135: 6099: 6097: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6025: 5973: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5833:from the original on 9 September 2021 5802:from the original on 9 September 2021 5789: 5662:Mathis-Lilley, Ben (2 October 2014). 5621:; Tabuchi, Hiroko (11 January 2019). 5560:from the original on 12 February 2019 5521:from the original on 12 February 2019 5482:from the original on 12 February 2019 5443:from the original on 12 February 2019 5274:Macintyre, Donald (1 February 1999). 5151:from the original on 23 February 2002 5052: 4478:"How the IOC took on Nike in Atlanta" 4458:from the original on 19 February 2011 4025:from the original on 12 February 2019 3969:from the original on 12 February 2019 3938:from the original on 16 November 2018 3837:from the original on 19 November 2021 3299:IOC Medical and Scientific Commission 3142:IOC Digital and Technology Commission 2292:National Olympic Committee of Ukraine 1675:, the city that had hosted the Games 1206: 1053:Domestic sponsorship, managed by the 10678: 10605: 10593: 9612:Medal table leaders by Olympic Games 7824:Buchanon, Ian; Mallon, Bill (2006). 7683: 7516:from the original on 20 January 2024 7437: 7204:FIE, 1 July 2020 and September 2020. 7146:from the original on 18 January 2024 7119:from the original on 23 January 2024 7001:Bushnell, Henry (22 November 2021). 6982:from the original on 9 December 2021 6766:from the original on 1 February 2018 6564:from the original on 7 December 2017 6400:from the original on 3 December 2017 6370:from the original on 6 December 2017 6278:from the original on 2 December 2013 6065: 5936:Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 5863:from the original on 13 October 2021 5771:from the original on 10 October 2021 4859:from the original on 8 December 2023 4573:Campbell, Struan (22 October 2008). 4280:from the original on 7 February 2019 4130:Gardner, Jamie (16 September 2024). 3894:from the original on 27 October 2016 3788:from the original on 16 January 2023 3747:(Organisation recognised by the IOC) 2373: 1626: 996: 992:Coaches’ Lifetime Achievement Awards 916:Sports federations recognized by IOC 290:Citius, Altius, Fortius – Communiter 8451:Oceania National Olympic Committees 7244:from the original on 16 August 2023 7140:"Oceania U20s and Handshaking Rule" 6908:Deaeth, Duncan (20 November 2018). 6876: 6858:from the original on 3 October 2018 6816:Kelner, Martha (28 February 2018). 6740:from the original on 3 October 2018 6709:from the original on 3 October 2018 6608: 6508:. insidethegames.biz. 5 June 2017. 6468: 6438: 6272:"Wrestling dropped from 2020 Games" 6244:James Montague (5 September 2012). 5875: 5716: 5643:from the original on 3 January 2022 5381:. 21 September 2006. Archived from 5025: 4847:Coonan, Clifford (11 August 2008). 4725:from the original on 16 August 2011 4693:from the original on 15 August 2023 4632:. St. Louis, Missouri. p. 24. 4581:from the original on 7 January 2011 4362:from the original on 25 August 2018 4250:from the original on 11 August 2016 4172:from the original on 22 August 2012 3830:. International Olympic Committee. 2398:'s criminal investigation into the 2396:United States Department of Justice 2067:In February 2013, the IOC excluded 2035:London 2012 and the Munich massacre 1728:United States Department of Justice 1605:Canadian Amateur Hockey Association 1300: 1223: 1120:Salt Lake 2002 Organizing Committee 13: 10789:1894 establishments in Switzerland 8811:(baseball, softball and Baseball5) 8266:International Paralympic Committee 7924:from the original on 21 March 2009 7817: 7452:from the original on 20 March 2024 6950:from the original on 13 April 2020 6920:from the original on 5 August 2021 6889:from the original on 13 April 2020 6762:. Olympic Games. 1 February 2018. 6652:from the original on 23 March 2018 6622:from the original on 24 April 2020 6222: 6184: 6132: 6094: 6044: 6022: 5964: 5821:Armour, Nancy (8 September 2021). 4934:from the original on 26 July 2018. 4787:from the original on 7 August 2016 4550:. 14 February 2005. Archived from 4336:from the original on 12 March 2021 3863:from the original on 5 August 2016 3727:International Paralympic Committee 2868:IOC Athletes' Entourage Commission 2814: 2326:Israel at the 2024 Summer Olympics 2121:(WADA) published a report and the 2093:Russia at the 2016 Summer Olympics 1279: 1163:International Paralympic Committee 783:Olympic Broadcasting Services S.L. 548:, and the first Winter YOG was in 456: 275: 14: 10835: 10081: 10059:1906 Intercalated Games 9518: 7937: 7910:. H. B. Fenn & Company, Ltd. 7892:Lenskyj, Helen Jefferson (2000). 7739:from the original on 25 July 2024 7698:from the original on 25 July 2024 7639:from the original on 6 March 2024 7393:from the original on 28 July 2023 7363:from the original on 28 July 2023 7338:from the original on 28 July 2023 7305:from the original on 29 July 2023 7275:from the original on 28 July 2023 7138:Hopkins, Amanda (12 March 2020). 7107:Jomantas, Nicole (6 March 2020). 6785:Lowell, Hugo (23 February 2018). 6274:. Espn.go.com. 14 February 2013. 6252:from the original on 21 June 2018 6106:South African Review of Sociology 6010:from the original on 27 July 2024 5790:Saric, Ivana (8 September 2021). 5286:from the original on 26 June 2022 5256:from the original on 25 June 2022 5199:. Deseretnews.com. Archived from 4993:Benjamin, Daniel (27 July 1992). 4755:from the original on 24 June 2021 4668:from the original on 27 July 2024 4636:from the original on 27 July 2024 4612:– IOC. Retrieved on 7 August 2021 4492:from the original on 10 June 2016 3995:from the original on 6 March 2019 3407:IOC Olympic Solidarity Commission 2243:, and high-ranking member of the 2082: 1839:Bids for the 2022 Winter Olympics 1638:Bids for the 1976 Winter Olympics 1211: 1180: 1066:programmes within host countries. 1044:partnerships, managed by the IOC. 849:Athlete representatives from the 382:Its stated mission is to promote 10729: 10717: 10705: 10677: 10666: 10665: 10653: 10539: 10301: 9942:Art competitions at the Olympics 9759:lighters of the Olympic cauldron 9577:International sports federations 8760:(skiing and snowboarding sports) 8491:International sports federations 8396: 8333: 8287: 8239:International sports federations 7988: 7793: 7772: 7751: 7710: 7677: 7621: 7589: 7559: 7528: 7504:Zidan, Karim (18 January 2024). 7497: 7464: 7431: 7405: 7375: 7207: 7188: 7158: 7131: 7100: 7059: 7027: 6994: 6962: 6932: 6901: 6870: 6840: 6809: 6778: 6752: 6721: 6695: 6671:Lowell, Hugo (1 February 2018). 6664: 6634: 6300:. ESPN.co.uk. 8 September 2013. 6180:– via SciELO South Africa. 5733:. 2 October 2014. Archived from 5704:from the original on 28 May 2022 5674:from the original on 20 May 2022 5599:from the original on 4 June 2016 5462:Gibson, Owen (11 January 2016). 4544:"Boost for London's Olympic Bid" 3576: 3549: 3522: 3495: 3468: 3442: 3416: 3390: 3381:IOC Olympic Programme Commission 3364: 3355:IOC Olympic Education Commission 3338: 3308: 3282: 3256: 3230: 3204: 3177: 3151: 3124: 3098: 3069: 3039: 3010: 2981: 2955: 2929: 2903: 2877: 2851: 2799: 2774: 2754: 2734: 2714: 2694: 2674: 2654: 2634: 2614: 2594: 2569: 2549: 2529: 2509: 2484: 2043:, the IOC decided not to hold a 1793:On 1 March 2016, Owen Gibson of 1328: 922:international sports federations 858:international sports federations 677:Juan Antonio Samaranch Salisachs 221:Juan Antonio Samaranch Salisachs 60: 16:Governing body of Olympic sports 10824:Organisations based in Lausanne 10784:International Olympic Committee 9456:International Olympic Committee 7830:. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. 7801:"The Olympic Partner Programme" 7471:Zirin, Dave (10 January 2024). 7324:Yevhen Kizilov (28 July 2023). 6760:"IOC Statement on CAS decision" 6576: 6550: 6524: 6498: 6382: 6352: 6316: 6290: 6264: 5923: 5845: 5783: 5751: 5686: 5655: 5611: 5572: 5533: 5494: 5455: 5416: 5389: 5367: 5343: 5320: 5298: 5267: 5237: 5215: 5189: 5163: 5103: 5080: 5019: 4986: 4947: 4938: 4897:Soil and Sediment Contamination 4881: 4871: 4840: 4831: 4822: 4812: 4767: 4749:International Olympic Committee 4737: 4705: 4648: 4615: 4566: 4536: 4504: 4470: 4454:. china.org.cn. 6 August 2008. 4348: 4330:International Olympic Committee 4318: 4304:International Olympic Committee 4292: 4262: 4236: 4210: 4184: 4158: 4149: 4123: 4101: 4069: 4037: 4019:International Olympic Committee 4007: 3981: 3782:International Olympic Committee 3221:IOC Members Election Commission 2898:Pierre-Olivier Beckers-Vieujant 2259:Fencing handshaking controversy 1964:and remained in use until the 1720:United States Olympic Committee 1706:2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal 1603:Near the end of the 1960s, the 1023:International Sport and Leisure 758: 709:It is an association under the 694: 308:International Olympic Committee 29:International Olympic Committee 9749:People who opened the Olympics 6728:Aspin, Guy (2 February 2018). 6452:. 30 July 2016. Archived from 6161:10.7196/SAMJ.2019.v109i8.14152 3950: 3924: 3915: 3906: 3875: 3849: 3813: 3800: 2414:Its responsibilities include: 2193:Court of Arbitration for Sport 2021:Court of Arbitration for Sport 1908:Sex verification controversies 1783:Electronic Frontier Foundation 1577:Amateurism and professionalism 820: 720: 540:. The first Summer YOG was in 316:Comité international olympique 36:Comité international olympique 1: 10630:Postponed to 2021 due to the 9787:Olympic Broadcasting Services 9330:(Gaelic football and hurling) 8056:Olympic Broadcasting Services 7605:(in Dutch). 1 November 2023. 7438:York, Chris (20 March 2024). 6148:South African Medical Journal 6118:10.1080/21528586.2019.1699440 5996:10.1080/17430437.2018.1435004 5310:2002 Winter Olympics coverage 4482:Sports Business Journal Daily 4386:"Issues of the Olympic Games" 4220:. olympic.org. Archived from 3761: 3596:The Olympic Partner programme 3119:Khunying Patama Leeswadtrakul 1896:for not being present at the 1789:2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics 508:The IOC organises the modern 447:International Olympic Academy 7684:Mann, Brian (24 July 2024). 6877:Bai, Ari (3 December 2018). 6208:10.1080/09523367.2014.927184 6142:Mahomed, S; Dhai, A (2019). 5579:Gibson, Owen (17 May 2016). 5540:Gibson, Owen (12 May 2016). 5087:Podnieks & Szemberg 2008 5064:Podnieks & Szemberg 2008 4995:"Traditions Pro Vs. Amateur" 4656:"Sun sets on Salt Lake City" 3247:IOC Legal Affairs Commission 3086:IOC Coordination Commission 3056:IOC Coordination Commission 3027:IOC Coordination Commission 2998:IOC Coordination Commission 2160:In contrast to the IOC, the 2157:non-doping related matter). 2062: 1968:. By 2011 the IOC created a 638:environmental sustainability 627:Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics 481:Current IOC headquarters in 362:(NOCs) and of the worldwide 7: 10336:1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 9766:Keepers of the Olympic flag 9258:(Australian rules football) 8714:Winter Olympics Federations 8504:Summer Olympics Federations 8438:European Olympic Committees 7904:; Szemberg, Szymon (2008). 6333:. June 2016. Archived from 5111:"Summit Series '72 Summary" 4681:"Games (Continued From A1)" 4512:"London Bid 'Has Improved'" 4194:. asoif.com. Archived from 4166:"International federations" 3690: 3517:Albert II, Prince of Monaco 3433:IOC Olympism 365 Commission 2352:Palestine Olympic Committee 2285:Russian invasion of Ukraine 2274:World Fencing Championships 1862:were released, documenting 1130:National Olympic Committees 865:National Olympic Committees 360:National Olympic Committees 10: 10840: 9954:Scandals and controversies 8227:National Olympic Committee 7867:Global entertainment media 7864:Cooper-Chen, Anne (2005). 7263:Aadi Nair (27 July 2023). 6090:– via SAGE journals. 5919:– via SAGE Journals. 4418:Buchanon & Mallon 2006 3359:Mikaela Cojuangco Jaworski 2689:Mikaela Cojuangco Jaworski 2582: 2086: 1990:Maria José Martínez-Patiño 1951:IOC's Athletes' Commission 1836: 1703: 1691:, a report ordered by the 1651:Whistler, British Columbia 1635: 1580: 1415:Scandals and controversies 1136:National Olympic Committee 1133: 1032: 950: 824: 724: 698: 472: 377: 18: 10647: 10588: 10548: 10537: 10497: 10484: 10310: 10299: 10087: 10076: 10001: 9934: 9906:Pierre de Coubertin Medal 9834: 9774: 9734: 9692: 9657: 9585: 9552: 9548: 9526: 9473:IOC recognition withdrawn 9451: 9390:(radio-controlled racing) 9242: 9160: 9022: 8767: 8707: 8562:(dance sport) (associate) 8497: 8444: 8431: 8418: 8405: 8394: 8383: 8345: 8284: 8217: 8199:Pierre de Coubertin Medal 8181: 8076: 8051:Olympic Refuge Foundation 8018: 8000: 6534:. dw.com. 27 April 2017. 5960:– via GALE ONEFILE. 5930:Rupert, James L. (2011). 4917:10.1080/15320380802006905 3932:"Cooperation with the UN" 3810:. Routledge, 2012, p. 678 3481:the international stage. 2835:Mission/Responsibilities 2497: 2312:Russian Olympic Committee 2199:2018 plebiscite in Taiwan 2177:Russian Olympic Committee 2041:2012 Summer Olympic Games 1748:2008 Summer Olympic Games 1410:Pierre de Coubertin Medal 963:Pierre de Coubertin Medal 768:Olympic Refuge Foundation 681:Prince Faisal bin Hussein 625:, and its support of the 617:take down request of the 267: 246: 234: 210: 196: 179: 169: 156: 141: 127: 109: 80: 75: 59: 50: 33: 10470:2034 Salt Lake City–Utah 9916:Olympic Diploma of Merit 9009:(waterski and wakeboard) 8730:(bobsleigh and skeleton) 8294:Olympic Games portal 8209:Olympic Diploma of Merit 8046:IOC Athletes' Commission 6080:10.1177/1357034X19865940 5909:10.1177/0141778919849688 5225:. Mdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp 2976:Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic 2841:IOC Athletes' Commission 2669:Prince Feisal Al Hussein 2392:World Anti-Doping Agency 2272:was disqualified at the 2223:Peng Shuai disappearance 2191:On 1 February 2018, the 2127:Federal Security Service 2119:World Anti-Doping Agency 2117:. In November 2015, the 2039:Before the start of the 1314:Reception and incidences 1167:World Anti-Doping Agency 1021:In 1982 the IOC drafted 901:IOC Athletes' Commission 851:IOC Athletes' Commission 650:PyeongChang, South Korea 636:Detailed frameworks for 322:) is the international, 9478:Seeking IOC recognition 9235:(table football/soccer) 8425:Olympic Council of Asia 7849:. New York: Routledge. 7658:Xinhua (31 July 2024). 7142:. Fencing New Zealand. 7073:The Wall Street Journal 6560:. ESPN. 15 March 2017. 5096:10 October 2017 at the 5073:10 October 2017 at the 4629:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 4486:Sports Business Journal 2344:occupation of Palestine 2314:with immediate effect. 2245:Chinese Communist Party 2170:2014 Winter Paralympics 2166:2016 Summer Paralympics 1983:transgender competitors 1775:Tibetan Protests videos 1087:In July 2000, when the 875:Cessation of membership 810:(Lausanne, Switzerland) 801:IOC Heritage Management 770:(Lausanne, Switzerland) 623:Russian doping scandals 501:, on 23 June 1894 with 497:The IOC was created by 115:; 130 years ago 10365:1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 10349:1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo 10044:Olympic Esports Series 9993:Participation of women 4968:Eassom, Simon (1994). 3195:IOC Finance Commission 2920:IOC Esports Commission 2524:Juan Antonio Samaranch 2115:doping in East Germany 1687:Eight years after the 1657:following elections. 1589:English public schools 1173:Environmental concerns 1048:Commercial sponsorship 1012:Juan Antonio Samaranch 942:The 42 members of the 928:The 33 members of the 839: 835:The first IOC, at the 804:Olympic Studies Centre 640:were prepared for the 494: 486: 315: 283: 188:(reference language), 94: 35: 10814:Olympic organizations 10064:Ancient Olympic Games 9894:summer (2000-present) 9634:Incentives by country 9300:(Brazilian jiu-jitsu) 9166:observer members (11) 8774:Others recognised by 7759:"IOC Executive Board" 7219:5 August 2023 at the 7200:5 August 2023 at the 6422:. IOC. 24 July 2016. 5949:10.3138/cbmh.28.2.339 5379:Amnesty International 5276:"Japan's Sullied Bid" 4608:8 August 2021 at the 4577:. Sportbusiness.com. 3882:Jagemann, H. (2003). 3661:, its parent company) 3168:IOC Ethics Commission 3093:Kristin Kloster Aasen 2709:Kristin Kloster Aasen 1773:take down notices on 1752:Amnesty International 1134:Further information: 935:The 7 members of the 863:Representatives from 856:Representatives from 834: 825:Further information: 492: 480: 334:. Founded in 1894 by 328:sports governing body 282: 10760:46.51806°N 6.59694°E 9600:All-time medal table 9360:(mixed martial arts) 9336:(downhill ice cross) 9193:(kettlebell lifting) 9117:(practical shooting) 8973:(ski mountaineering) 7445:The Kyiv Independent 7043:. 22 November 2021. 6978:. 22 November 2021. 6946:. 19 November 2018. 6648:. 20 December 2017. 5339:on 15 November 2007. 5316:on 26 February 2002. 4713:"Host City Contract" 4554:on 21 September 2005 4021:. 11 February 2019. 3751:List of IOC meetings 3670:Procter & Gamble 3225:Anne, Princess Royal 2794:Christophe De Kepper 2387:2034 Winter Olympics 2332:2024 Summer Olympics 2319:2024 Summer Olympics 2279:2024 Summer Olympics 2241:Chinese vice premier 2150:2016 Summer Olympics 2131:2014 Winter Olympics 2077:2020 Summer Olympics 2029:2018 Winter Olympics 2025:2016 Summer Olympics 1966:2010 Winter Olympics 1962:2000 Summer Olympics 1938:1968 Winter Olympics 1898:2020 Summer Olympics 1856:2022 Winter Olympics 1833:2022 Winter Olympics 1805:2020 Summer Olympics 1801:2016 Summer Olympics 1738:2008 Summer Olympics 1700:2002 Winter Olympics 1689:1998 Winter Olympics 1683:1998 Winter Olympics 1677:twelve years earlier 1669:2002 Winter Olympics 1665:1972 Winter Olympics 1655:change of government 1632:1976 Winter Olympics 1079:Revenue distribution 727:List of IOC meetings 646:2020 Summer Olympics 642:2018 Winter Olympics 619:2008 Tibetan protest 569:2008 Summer Olympics 241:Christophe De Kepper 66:IOC headquarters in 21:IOC (disambiguation) 10756: / 10491:Youth Olympic Games 10456:2026 Milano Cortina 9003:(university sports) 8997:(underwater sports) 8793:(American football) 8616:(modern pentathlon) 8232:Association of NOCs 7573:. 18 January 2024. 7223:FIE, January 2021.] 6883:The Free China Post 6038:The Washington Post 5859:. 13 October 2021. 5739:on 10 December 2022 5250:The Washington Post 5203:on 1 September 2010 5115:Hockey Hall of Fame 5007:on 2 September 2009 4909:2008SSCIJ..17..205S 4332:. 5 February 2019. 3784:. 29 January 2023. 3675:Samsung Electronics 3641:(joint partnership) 3463:Luis Alberto Moreno 3088:Milano Cortina 2026 2894:IOC Audit Committee 2544:Nawal El Moutawakel 2406:IOC Executive Board 2308:Zaporizhzhia Oblast 1445:Women participation 1157:Other organizations 1095:broadcasting rights 1075:from 2001 to 2004. 584:UN General Assembly 514:Youth Olympic Games 499:Pierre de Coubertin 336:Pierre de Coubertin 225:Nawal El Moutawakel 132:Pierre de Coubertin 30: 10819:Supraorganizations 9402:(snowshoe running) 9366:(mountain running) 8919:(motorcycle sport) 8823:(billiards sports) 8365:Pan American Games 8084:Olympic Congresses 7724:The New York Times 7541:insidethegames.biz 6975:Human Rights Watch 6589:The New York Times 6340:on 25 January 2017 6068:Body & Society 5629:The New York Times 4089:on 27 October 2016 4057:on 27 October 2016 3888:The Sports Journal 3857:"IOC Members List" 3329:Board Of Directors 2348:Israeli airstrikes 2253:Chinese government 2229:Human Rights Watch 1994:Santhi Soundarajan 1285:Soil contamination 1207:Venue construction 920:IOC recognizes 82 840: 588:Permanent Observer 495: 487: 284: 181:Official language 28: 10765:46.51806; 6.59694 10693: 10692: 10643: 10642: 10632:COVID-19 pandemic 10618:Cancelled due to 10599:Cancelled due to 10516:2018 Buenos Aires 10480: 10479: 10370:1960 Squaw Valley 10072: 10071: 9889:summer (pre-2000) 9859:Songs and anthems 9486: 9485: 8883:(ice stock sport) 8457: 8456: 8375:World Beach Games 8300: 8299: 7917:978-1-55168-358-4 7896:. New York: SUNY. 7877:978-0-8058-5168-7 7856:978-0-415-43167-5 7837:978-0-8108-5574-8 6944:The Straits Times 6450:San Diego Tribune 6202:(13): 1557–1576. 5767:. 12 March 2021. 5404:on 18 August 2008 5385:on 18 March 2007. 5333:Chicago Sun-Times 4218:"AIOWF – Members" 4198:on 21 August 2016 4192:"ASOIF – Members" 3821:"Olympic Charter" 3593: 3592: 3411:Robin E. Mitchell 2924:David Lappartient 2812: 2811: 2589:Robin E. Mitchell 2584:Executive Members 2374:2024 WADA scandal 2213:Republic of China 2143:Ministry of Sport 2045:minute of silence 2015:, Indian athlete 1627:Bid controversies 1574: 1573: 1090:Los Angeles Times 997:Olympic marketing 837:1896 Athens Games 689:Morinari Watanabe 669:David Lappartient 503:Demetrios Vikelas 342:, it is based in 340:Demetrios Vikelas 304: 303: 300: 280: 146:Sports federation 136:Demetrios Vikelas 113:23 June 1894 10831: 10771: 10770: 10768: 10767: 10766: 10761: 10757: 10754: 10753: 10752: 10749: 10734: 10733: 10732: 10722: 10721: 10720: 10710: 10709: 10708: 10701: 10681: 10680: 10669: 10668: 10658: 10657: 10656: 10634: 10628: 10622: 10616: 10603: 10597: 10562:2016 Lillehammer 10543: 10486: 10485: 10463:2030 French Alps 10445:2018 PyeongChang 10415:1994 Lillehammer 10410:1992 Albertville 10395:1980 Lake Placid 10350: 10343: 10331:1932 Lake Placid 10305: 10270:2028 Los Angeles 10214:1984 Los Angeles 10194:1968 Mexico City 10164: 10157: 10145:1932 Los Angeles 10125: 10078: 10077: 10054:Special Olympics 10009:Paralympic Games 9677:tropical nations 9567:Olympic Congress 9550: 9549: 9513: 9506: 9499: 9490: 9489: 9432:(touch football) 9414:(sport stacking) 9324:(fullbore rifle) 8925:(mountaineering) 8754:(skating sports) 8652:(sport climbing) 8514:(aquatic sports) 8484: 8477: 8470: 8461: 8460: 8400: 8337: 8327: 8320: 8313: 8304: 8303: 8292: 8291: 8290: 8276:Special Olympics 8041:Olympic Congress 7992: 7982: 7975: 7968: 7959: 7958: 7954: 7949: 7948: 7946:Official website 7933: 7931: 7929: 7902:Podnieks, Andrew 7897: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7860: 7841: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7797: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7780:"IOC Comissions" 7776: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7755: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7714: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7681: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7655: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7644: 7635:. 6 March 2024. 7625: 7619: 7618: 7616: 7614: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7501: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7468: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7435: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7424: 7409: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7389:. 28 July 2023. 7387:Inside the Games 7379: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7359:. 28 July 2023. 7347: 7345: 7343: 7331:Ukrainska Pravda 7321: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7291: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7280: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7240:. 27 July 2023. 7230: 7224: 7211: 7205: 7192: 7186: 7185: 7183: 7181: 7172:. 5 March 2020. 7162: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7135: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7104: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7063: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7031: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7020: 6998: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6987: 6966: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6955: 6936: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6905: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6894: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6813: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6782: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6756: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6725: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6714: 6699: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6612: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6580: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6502: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6486:on 4 August 2016 6482:. Archived from 6472: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6442: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6416: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6396:. 18 July 2016. 6386: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6366:. 18 July 2016. 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6339: 6328: 6320: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6268: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6241: 6235: 6234: 6231:Globe & Mail 6226: 6220: 6219: 6191: 6182: 6181: 6163: 6139: 6130: 6129: 6101: 6092: 6091: 6063: 6042: 6041: 6033: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 5990:(9): 1555–1573. 5984:Sport in Society 5975: 5962: 5961: 5951: 5927: 5921: 5920: 5892: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5787: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5738: 5723: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5700:. October 2014. 5690: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5626: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5576: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5400:. Archived from 5393: 5387: 5386: 5371: 5365: 5364: 5363:on 27 July 2011. 5362: 5355: 5347: 5341: 5340: 5335:. Archived from 5324: 5318: 5317: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5193: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5167: 5161: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5147:. 12 July 1999. 5137: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5121:on 7 August 2008 5117:. Archived from 5107: 5101: 5084: 5078: 5061: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5039: 5032: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5003:. Archived from 4990: 4984: 4983: 4965: 4954: 4951: 4945: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4894: 4885: 4879: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4844: 4838: 4835: 4829: 4826: 4820: 4816: 4810: 4806: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4786: 4779: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4751:. 10 June 2021. 4741: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4724: 4717: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4619: 4613: 4600: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4520:. Archived from 4508: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4488:. 11 July 2005. 4474: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4448: 4442: 4439:Cooper-Chen 2005 4436: 4421: 4415: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4396:on 25 April 2009 4382: 4376: 4375: 4369: 4367: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4214: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4162: 4156: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4088: 4081: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4056: 4049: 4041: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4011: 4005: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3985: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3963:SWI swissinfo.ch 3954: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3934:. 21 June 2016. 3928: 3922: 3919: 3913: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3836: 3825: 3817: 3811: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3774: 3756:Olympic Congress 3659:The Swatch Group 3582: 3580: 3579: 3555: 3553: 3552: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3501: 3499: 3498: 3490:Gerardo Werthein 3474: 3472: 3471: 3450:Papua New Guinea 3448: 3446: 3445: 3422: 3420: 3419: 3396: 3394: 3393: 3370: 3368: 3367: 3344: 3342: 3341: 3314: 3312: 3311: 3288: 3286: 3285: 3262: 3260: 3259: 3236: 3234: 3233: 3210: 3208: 3207: 3183: 3181: 3180: 3157: 3155: 3154: 3146:Gerardo Werthein 3130: 3128: 3127: 3104: 3102: 3101: 3075: 3073: 3072: 3045: 3043: 3042: 3034:Nicole Hoevertsz 3029:Los Angeles 2028 3016: 3014: 3013: 2987: 2985: 2984: 2961: 2959: 2958: 2950:Octavian Morariu 2935: 2933: 2932: 2909: 2907: 2906: 2883: 2881: 2880: 2857: 2855: 2854: 2823: 2822: 2805: 2803: 2802: 2789:Director General 2780: 2778: 2777: 2760: 2758: 2757: 2740: 2738: 2737: 2720: 2718: 2717: 2700: 2698: 2697: 2680: 2678: 2677: 2660: 2658: 2657: 2640: 2638: 2637: 2620: 2618: 2617: 2600: 2598: 2597: 2575: 2573: 2572: 2564:Gerardo Werthein 2555: 2553: 2552: 2535: 2533: 2532: 2515: 2513: 2512: 2504:Nicole Hoevertsz 2490: 2488: 2487: 2459: 2458: 2362:, an Israeli in 2336:Israel–Hamas war 2089:Doping in Russia 2013:2014 Asian Games 1970:Hyperandrogenism 1932:perceived to be 1914:sex verification 1894:North Korean NOC 1822:Tsunekazu Takeda 1566: 1559: 1552: 1332: 1318: 1317: 1301:Effects on water 1224:Beijing Olympics 711:Swiss Civil Code 705:Olympic Congress 660:, respectively. 586:granted the IOC 364:Olympic Movement 324:non-governmental 294: 281: 263: 258: 255: 253: 236:Director General 229:Gerardo Werthein 217:Nicole Hoevertsz 123: 121: 116: 105: 97: 91: 83: 82: 64: 55: 46: 38: 31: 27: 10839: 10838: 10834: 10833: 10832: 10830: 10829: 10828: 10774: 10773: 10764: 10762: 10758: 10755: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10743: 10742: 10740: 10730: 10728: 10718: 10716: 10706: 10704: 10696: 10694: 10689: 10654: 10652: 10639: 10638: 10637: 10629: 10625: 10617: 10606: 10598: 10594: 10584: 10583: 10544: 10535: 10534: 10493: 10476: 10475: 10355:1948 St. Moritz 10348: 10341: 10326:1928 St. Moritz 10306: 10297: 10296: 10162: 10155: 10123: 10083: 10068: 9997: 9930: 9830: 9792:Olympic Channel 9770: 9730: 9724:Olympic Stadium 9688: 9672:Winter Olympics 9667:Summer Olympics 9653: 9644:Olympic diploma 9639:Stripped medals 9581: 9544: 9522: 9517: 9487: 9482: 9447: 9444:(ultra running) 9438:(trail running) 9238: 9165: 9156: 9147:(sport fishing) 9045:(arm wrestling) 9024: 9018: 8817:(basque pelota) 8772: 8763: 8712: 8703: 8694:(weightlifting) 8622:(roller sports) 8502: 8493: 8488: 8458: 8453: 8440: 8427: 8414: 8401: 8392: 8379: 8341: 8331: 8301: 8296: 8288: 8286: 8280: 8219: 8213: 8177: 8072: 8061:Olympic Channel 8014: 7996: 7986: 7944: 7943: 7940: 7927: 7925: 7918: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7857: 7838: 7820: 7818:Further reading 7815: 7805: 7803: 7799: 7798: 7794: 7784: 7782: 7778: 7777: 7773: 7763: 7761: 7757: 7756: 7752: 7742: 7740: 7715: 7711: 7701: 7699: 7682: 7678: 7668: 7666: 7656: 7652: 7642: 7640: 7627: 7626: 7622: 7612: 7610: 7595: 7594: 7590: 7580: 7578: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7550: 7548: 7533: 7529: 7519: 7517: 7502: 7498: 7488: 7486: 7469: 7465: 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6459: 6457: 6456:on 31 July 2016 6444: 6443: 6439: 6429: 6427: 6418: 6417: 6413: 6403: 6401: 6388: 6387: 6383: 6373: 6371: 6358: 6357: 6353: 6343: 6341: 6337: 6326: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6307: 6305: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6281: 6279: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6255: 6253: 6242: 6238: 6227: 6223: 6192: 6185: 6140: 6133: 6102: 6095: 6064: 6045: 6034: 6023: 6013: 6011: 5976: 5965: 5928: 5924: 5897:Feminist Review 5893: 5876: 5866: 5864: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5836: 5834: 5819: 5815: 5805: 5803: 5788: 5784: 5774: 5772: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5731:Financial Times 5725: 5724: 5717: 5707: 5705: 5692: 5691: 5687: 5677: 5675: 5660: 5656: 5646: 5644: 5616: 5612: 5602: 5600: 5577: 5573: 5563: 5561: 5538: 5534: 5524: 5522: 5499: 5495: 5485: 5483: 5460: 5456: 5446: 5444: 5421: 5417: 5407: 5405: 5396: 5394: 5390: 5373: 5372: 5368: 5360: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5325: 5321: 5304: 5303: 5299: 5289: 5287: 5272: 5268: 5259: 5257: 5252:, pp. A1, 5242: 5238: 5228: 5226: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5206: 5204: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5180: 5178: 5169: 5168: 5164: 5154: 5152: 5139: 5138: 5134: 5124: 5122: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5098:Wayback Machine 5085: 5081: 5075:Wayback Machine 5062: 5053: 5043: 5041: 5037: 5030: 5026:Schantz, Otto. 5024: 5020: 5010: 5008: 4991: 4987: 4980: 4966: 4957: 4952: 4948: 4943: 4939: 4931: 4892: 4886: 4882: 4876: 4872: 4862: 4860: 4853:The Independent 4845: 4841: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4823: 4817: 4813: 4807: 4800: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4777: 4773: 4772: 4768: 4758: 4756: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4715: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4696: 4694: 4679: 4671: 4669: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4639: 4637: 4620: 4616: 4610:Wayback Machine 4601: 4594: 4584: 4582: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4542: 4541: 4537: 4527: 4525: 4510: 4509: 4505: 4495: 4493: 4476: 4475: 4471: 4461: 4459: 4450: 4449: 4445: 4437: 4424: 4416: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4384: 4383: 4379: 4365: 4363: 4354: 4353: 4349: 4339: 4337: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4309: 4307: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4283: 4281: 4268: 4267: 4263: 4253: 4251: 4246:. ARISF. 2018. 4242: 4241: 4237: 4227: 4225: 4224:on 29 June 2012 4216: 4215: 4211: 4201: 4199: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4168:. olympic.org. 4164: 4163: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4136:The Independent 4128: 4124: 4114: 4112: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4092: 4090: 4086: 4079: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4028: 4026: 4013: 4012: 4008: 3998: 3996: 3989:"OLYMPIC HOUSE" 3987: 3986: 3982: 3972: 3970: 3955: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3911: 3907: 3897: 3895: 3880: 3876: 3866: 3864: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3823: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3805: 3801: 3791: 3789: 3776: 3775: 3768: 3764: 3693: 3598: 3577: 3575: 3550: 3548: 3523: 3521: 3496: 3494: 3469: 3467: 3443: 3441: 3417: 3415: 3391: 3389: 3365: 3363: 3339: 3337: 3333:Richard Carrión 3327:Olympic Channel 3309: 3307: 3283: 3281: 3257: 3255: 3231: 3229: 3205: 3203: 3178: 3176: 3152: 3150: 3125: 3123: 3099: 3097: 3070: 3068: 3064:Kirsty Coventry 3040: 3038: 3011: 3009: 3005:Kirsty Coventry 2982: 2980: 2956: 2954: 2930: 2928: 2904: 2902: 2878: 2876: 2852: 2850: 2817: 2815:IOC Commissions 2800: 2798: 2775: 2773: 2755: 2753: 2749:Kirsty Coventry 2735: 2733: 2715: 2713: 2695: 2693: 2675: 2673: 2655: 2653: 2635: 2633: 2615: 2613: 2595: 2593: 2570: 2568: 2550: 2548: 2530: 2528: 2510: 2508: 2499:Vice Presidents 2485: 2483: 2408: 2376: 2328: 2287: 2261: 2225: 2201: 2139:Richard McLaren 2123:World Athletics 2107: 2085: 2065: 2049:Munich massacre 2037: 1910: 1860:Xinjiang Papers 1854:to bid for the 1841: 1835: 1791: 1760:Olympic Charter 1740: 1708: 1702: 1685: 1640: 1634: 1629: 1585: 1579: 1570: 1316: 1303: 1282: 1280:Effects on soil 1226: 1214: 1209: 1183: 1175: 1165:(IPC), and the 1159: 1147: 1138: 1132: 1108: 1035: 999: 958:Other honours. 953: 918: 907:their election. 877: 829: 823: 761: 729: 723: 707: 697: 673:Kirsty Coventry 631:Xinjiang Papers 530:Winter Olympics 518:Summer Olympics 475: 466:Olympic Charter 459: 457:IOC member oath 380: 293: 276: 274: 250: 237: 227: 223: 219: 213: 212:Vice Presidents 201: 182: 172: 161: 160:Olympic House, 134: 119: 117: 114: 99: 85: 71: 40: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10837: 10827: 10826: 10821: 10816: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10739: 10738: 10726: 10714: 10691: 10690: 10688: 10687: 10675: 10663: 10648: 10645: 10644: 10641: 10640: 10636: 10635: 10623: 10604: 10591: 10590: 10589: 10586: 10585: 10582: 10581: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10557:2012 Innsbruck 10553: 10552: 10550: 10546: 10545: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10532: 10525: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10506:2010 Singapore 10502: 10501: 10499: 10495: 10494: 10482: 10481: 10478: 10477: 10474: 10473: 10466: 10459: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10435:2010 Vancouver 10432: 10427: 10425:2002 Salt Lake 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10390:1976 Innsbruck 10387: 10382: 10377: 10375:1964 Innsbruck 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10345: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10317: 10316: 10314: 10308: 10307: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10294: 10287: 10280: 10273: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10224:1992 Barcelona 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10179:1956 Melbourne 10176: 10171: 10166: 10159: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10140:1928 Amsterdam 10137: 10132: 10127: 10120: 10118:1912 Stockholm 10115: 10110: 10108:1904 St. Louis 10105: 10100: 10094: 10093: 10091: 10085: 10084: 10074: 10073: 10070: 10069: 10067: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10040: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10011: 10005: 10003: 9999: 9998: 9996: 9995: 9990: 9989: 9988: 9983: 9973: 9972: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9951: 9950: 9949: 9938: 9936: 9932: 9931: 9929: 9928: 9923: 9921:Olympic Laurel 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9902: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9867: 9866: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9840: 9838: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9828: 9823: 9822: 9821: 9816: 9808: 9803: 9802: 9801: 9800: 9799: 9789: 9778: 9776: 9772: 9771: 9769: 9768: 9763: 9762: 9761: 9751: 9746: 9740: 9738: 9732: 9731: 9729: 9728: 9727: 9726: 9721: 9711: 9710: 9709: 9698: 9696: 9690: 9689: 9687: 9686: 9685: 9684: 9679: 9669: 9663: 9661: 9655: 9654: 9652: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9625: 9624: 9614: 9609: 9608: 9607: 9597: 9591: 9589: 9583: 9582: 9580: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9558: 9556: 9546: 9545: 9543: 9542: 9535: 9532:Olympic sports 9527: 9524: 9523: 9516: 9515: 9508: 9501: 9493: 9484: 9483: 9481: 9480: 9475: 9469: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9452: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9445: 9439: 9433: 9427: 9426:(tent pegging) 9421: 9420:(table hockey) 9415: 9409: 9403: 9397: 9391: 9385: 9379: 9373: 9372:(ocean rowing) 9367: 9361: 9355: 9349: 9343: 9337: 9331: 9325: 9319: 9313: 9307: 9301: 9295: 9289: 9283: 9277: 9276:(bodyboarding) 9271: 9265: 9259: 9253: 9246: 9244: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9236: 9230: 9229:(rugby league) 9224: 9218: 9212: 9206: 9200: 9194: 9188: 9182: 9176: 9169: 9167: 9158: 9157: 9155: 9154: 9148: 9142: 9136: 9130: 9129:(sepak takraw) 9124: 9118: 9112: 9111:(powerlifting) 9106: 9100: 9094: 9088: 9082: 9076: 9070: 9064: 9058: 9052: 9051:(bodybuilding) 9046: 9040: 9033: 9031: 9020: 9019: 9017: 9016: 9010: 9004: 8998: 8992: 8986: 8980: 8974: 8968: 8962: 8956: 8955:(powerboating) 8950: 8944: 8943:(orienteering) 8938: 8932: 8926: 8920: 8914: 8908: 8902: 8896: 8890: 8884: 8878: 8872: 8866: 8860: 8854: 8848: 8842: 8836: 8830: 8824: 8818: 8812: 8806: 8800: 8794: 8788: 8781: 8779: 8765: 8764: 8762: 8761: 8755: 8749: 8743: 8737: 8731: 8725: 8718: 8716: 8705: 8704: 8702: 8701: 8695: 8689: 8683: 8677: 8671: 8665: 8664:(table tennis) 8659: 8653: 8647: 8641: 8635: 8629: 8623: 8617: 8611: 8605: 8604:(field hockey) 8599: 8593: 8587: 8581: 8575: 8569: 8563: 8557: 8551: 8545: 8539: 8533: 8527: 8521: 8515: 8508: 8506: 8495: 8494: 8487: 8486: 8479: 8472: 8464: 8455: 8454: 8448: 8446: 8442: 8441: 8435: 8433: 8429: 8428: 8422: 8420: 8416: 8415: 8409: 8407: 8403: 8402: 8395: 8393: 8387: 8385: 8381: 8380: 8378: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8360:European Games 8357: 8352: 8346: 8343: 8342: 8330: 8329: 8322: 8315: 8307: 8298: 8297: 8285: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8257: 8256: 8254:IOC Recognised 8251: 8246: 8236: 8235: 8234: 8223: 8221: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8211: 8206: 8204:Olympic Laurel 8201: 8196: 8191: 8185: 8183: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8175: 8174: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8093: 8092: 8091: 8080: 8078: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8070: 8069: 8068: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8022: 8020: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8012: 8007: 8001: 7998: 7997: 7985: 7984: 7977: 7970: 7962: 7956: 7955: 7939: 7938:External links 7936: 7935: 7934: 7916: 7898: 7889: 7876: 7861: 7855: 7842: 7836: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7813: 7792: 7771: 7750: 7709: 7676: 7650: 7620: 7588: 7558: 7527: 7496: 7463: 7430: 7404: 7374: 7316: 7286: 7255: 7225: 7206: 7187: 7157: 7130: 7099: 7058: 7026: 6993: 6961: 6931: 6900: 6869: 6839: 6808: 6777: 6751: 6720: 6694: 6663: 6633: 6607: 6575: 6549: 6523: 6497: 6467: 6437: 6411: 6381: 6351: 6315: 6289: 6263: 6236: 6221: 6183: 6154:(8): 548–551. 6131: 6093: 6043: 6021: 5963: 5942:(2): 339–365. 5922: 5874: 5844: 5813: 5782: 5750: 5715: 5685: 5668:Slate Magazine 5654: 5610: 5571: 5532: 5493: 5454: 5415: 5388: 5366: 5342: 5319: 5297: 5266: 5236: 5214: 5188: 5177:on 1 June 2009 5162: 5132: 5102: 5079: 5051: 5018: 4985: 4978: 4955: 4953:Ouyang W. 313. 4946: 4937: 4903:(3): 205–220. 4880: 4870: 4839: 4830: 4821: 4811: 4798: 4766: 4736: 4704: 4647: 4614: 4592: 4565: 4535: 4524:on 15 May 2011 4503: 4469: 4443: 4441:, p. 231. 4422: 4407: 4390:Olympic Primer 4377: 4347: 4317: 4306:. 20 June 2023 4291: 4261: 4235: 4209: 4183: 4157: 4148: 4122: 4111:. olympics.com 4100: 4068: 4036: 4006: 3980: 3949: 3923: 3914: 3905: 3874: 3848: 3812: 3799: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3759: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3692: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3584:Czech Republic 3573: 3568: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3546: 3541: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3519: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3482: 3478: 3465: 3460: 3456: 3455: 3452: 3439: 3437:Auvita Rapilla 3434: 3430: 3429: 3426: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3387: 3382: 3378: 3377: 3374: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3348: 3335: 3330: 3322: 3321: 3318: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3292: 3290:Czech Republic 3279: 3274: 3270: 3269: 3266: 3253: 3248: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3238:United Kingdom 3227: 3222: 3218: 3217: 3214: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3174: 3169: 3165: 3164: 3161: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3121: 3116: 3112: 3111: 3108: 3095: 3090: 3083: 3082: 3079: 3066: 3061: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3036: 3031: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3007: 3002: 2995: 2994: 2991: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2968: 2965: 2952: 2947: 2943: 2942: 2939: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2916: 2913: 2900: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2874: 2869: 2865: 2864: 2861: 2848: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2796: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2671: 2665: 2664: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2631: 2625: 2624: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2591: 2586: 2580: 2579: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2506: 2501: 2495: 2494: 2481: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2407: 2404: 2375: 2372: 2327: 2324: 2304:Kherson Oblast 2300:Luhansk Oblast 2296:Donetsk Oblast 2286: 2283: 2260: 2257: 2224: 2221: 2209:Chinese Taipei 2200: 2197: 2186:Olympic Anthem 2097:McLaren Report 2084: 2083:Russian doping 2081: 2073:Olympic sports 2071:from its core 2064: 2061: 2036: 2033: 1998:Caster Semenya 1930:women athletes 1918:ancient Greece 1909: 1906: 1870:population in 1837:Main article: 1834: 1831: 1790: 1787: 1739: 1736: 1704:Main article: 1701: 1698: 1684: 1681: 1661:Salt Lake City 1636:Main article: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1581:Main article: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1569: 1568: 1561: 1554: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1486: 1485: 1484:Regional games 1481: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1339: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1325: 1324: 1315: 1312: 1302: 1299: 1281: 1278: 1225: 1222: 1213: 1212:Effects on air 1210: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1200:United Nations 1196: 1193: 1190: 1182: 1181:IOC approaches 1179: 1174: 1171: 1158: 1155: 1146: 1143: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1116: 1107: 1104: 1081: 1080: 1068: 1067: 1061: 1058: 1051: 1045: 1034: 1031: 1003:Avery Brundage 998: 995: 994: 993: 990: 984: 981:Olympic Laurel 978: 972: 966: 952: 949: 948: 947: 940: 933: 917: 914: 913: 912: 908: 904: 897: 894: 891: 887: 884: 876: 873: 872: 871: 868: 861: 854: 822: 819: 818: 817: 814: 811: 808:Olympic Museum 805: 802: 799: 796: 793: 790: 780: 777: 774: 771: 765: 760: 757: 756: 755: 752: 749: 746: 722: 719: 715:articles 60–79 696: 693: 604:Olympic Museum 485:, Switzerland. 474: 471: 458: 455: 454: 453: 450: 443: 440: 437: 434: 431: 428: 425: 422: 419: 416: 413: 410: 407: 400: 397: 394: 391: 379: 376: 330:of the modern 302: 301: 272:Olympic Anthem 265: 264: 248: 244: 243: 238: 235: 232: 231: 214: 211: 208: 207: 202: 197: 194: 193: 183: 180: 177: 176: 173: 170: 167: 166: 158: 154: 153: 143: 139: 138: 129: 125: 124: 111: 107: 106: 77: 73: 72: 65: 57: 56: 48: 47: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10836: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10781: 10779: 10772: 10769: 10737: 10727: 10725: 10715: 10713: 10703: 10702: 10699: 10686: 10685: 10676: 10674: 10673: 10664: 10662: 10661: 10650: 10649: 10646: 10633: 10627: 10621: 10615: 10613: 10611: 10609: 10602: 10596: 10592: 10587: 10580: 10579: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10567:2020 Lausanne 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10554: 10551: 10547: 10542: 10531: 10530: 10526: 10524: 10523: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10503: 10500: 10496: 10492: 10487: 10483: 10472: 10471: 10467: 10465: 10464: 10460: 10458: 10457: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10400:1984 Sarajevo 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10380:1968 Grenoble 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10346: 10344: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10321:1924 Chamonix 10319: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10309: 10304: 10293: 10292: 10288: 10286: 10285: 10281: 10279: 10278: 10277:2032 Brisbane 10274: 10272: 10271: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10204:1976 Montreal 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10174:1952 Helsinki 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10160: 10158: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10086: 10082:Olympic Games 10079: 10075: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10014: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10006: 10004: 10000: 9994: 9991: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9978: 9977: 9974: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9956: 9955: 9952: 9948: 9945: 9944: 9943: 9940: 9939: 9937: 9933: 9927: 9926:Olympic Order 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9886: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9865: 9862: 9861: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9841: 9839: 9837: 9833: 9827: 9824: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9811: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9798: 9795: 9794: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9784: 9783: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9773: 9767: 9764: 9760: 9757: 9756: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9741: 9739: 9737: 9733: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9716: 9715: 9712: 9708: 9705: 9704: 9703: 9700: 9699: 9697: 9695: 9691: 9683: 9682:country codes 9680: 9678: 9675: 9674: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9664: 9662: 9660: 9656: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9623: 9620: 9619: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9606: 9603: 9602: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9592: 9590: 9588: 9584: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9559: 9557: 9555: 9551: 9547: 9541: 9540: 9536: 9534: 9533: 9529: 9528: 9525: 9521: 9520:Olympic Games 9514: 9509: 9507: 9502: 9500: 9495: 9494: 9491: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9470: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9453: 9450: 9443: 9440: 9437: 9434: 9431: 9428: 9425: 9422: 9419: 9416: 9413: 9410: 9407: 9404: 9401: 9398: 9395: 9392: 9389: 9386: 9383: 9380: 9377: 9374: 9371: 9368: 9365: 9362: 9359: 9356: 9354:(landsailing) 9353: 9350: 9347: 9344: 9341: 9338: 9335: 9332: 9329: 9326: 9323: 9320: 9317: 9314: 9311: 9308: 9305: 9302: 9299: 9296: 9293: 9290: 9287: 9284: 9281: 9278: 9275: 9272: 9270:(ball hockey) 9269: 9266: 9263: 9260: 9257: 9254: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9241: 9234: 9231: 9228: 9225: 9222: 9219: 9216: 9213: 9210: 9207: 9204: 9201: 9198: 9195: 9192: 9189: 9186: 9183: 9180: 9177: 9174: 9171: 9170: 9168: 9164: 9159: 9152: 9149: 9146: 9143: 9141:(soft tennis) 9140: 9137: 9134: 9131: 9128: 9125: 9122: 9119: 9116: 9113: 9110: 9107: 9104: 9101: 9098: 9095: 9092: 9089: 9086: 9083: 9080: 9077: 9074: 9071: 9069:(dragon boat) 9068: 9065: 9062: 9059: 9056: 9053: 9050: 9047: 9044: 9041: 9038: 9035: 9034: 9032: 9030: 9029: 9021: 9014: 9011: 9008: 9005: 9002: 8999: 8996: 8993: 8990: 8987: 8984: 8981: 8978: 8975: 8972: 8969: 8966: 8963: 8961:(racquetball) 8960: 8957: 8954: 8951: 8948: 8945: 8942: 8939: 8936: 8933: 8930: 8927: 8924: 8921: 8918: 8915: 8913:(life saving) 8912: 8909: 8906: 8903: 8900: 8897: 8894: 8891: 8888: 8885: 8882: 8879: 8877:(flying disc) 8876: 8873: 8870: 8867: 8865:(dance sport) 8864: 8861: 8858: 8855: 8852: 8849: 8846: 8843: 8840: 8837: 8834: 8831: 8828: 8825: 8822: 8819: 8816: 8813: 8810: 8807: 8804: 8801: 8799:(auto racing) 8798: 8795: 8792: 8789: 8786: 8783: 8782: 8780: 8778: 8777: 8770: 8766: 8759: 8756: 8753: 8750: 8747: 8744: 8741: 8738: 8735: 8732: 8729: 8726: 8723: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8710: 8706: 8699: 8696: 8693: 8690: 8687: 8684: 8681: 8678: 8675: 8672: 8669: 8666: 8663: 8660: 8657: 8654: 8651: 8648: 8645: 8642: 8639: 8636: 8634:(rugby union) 8633: 8630: 8627: 8624: 8621: 8618: 8615: 8612: 8609: 8606: 8603: 8600: 8597: 8594: 8591: 8588: 8585: 8582: 8579: 8576: 8573: 8570: 8567: 8564: 8561: 8558: 8555: 8552: 8549: 8546: 8543: 8540: 8537: 8534: 8531: 8528: 8525: 8522: 8519: 8516: 8513: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8500: 8496: 8492: 8485: 8480: 8478: 8473: 8471: 8466: 8465: 8462: 8452: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8434: 8430: 8426: 8421: 8417: 8413: 8408: 8404: 8399: 8391: 8386: 8382: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8370:Pacific Games 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8350:African Games 8348: 8347: 8344: 8340: 8336: 8328: 8323: 8321: 8316: 8314: 8309: 8308: 8305: 8295: 8283: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8241: 8240: 8237: 8233: 8230: 8229: 8228: 8225: 8224: 8222: 8220:Organizations 8216: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8189:Olympic Order 8187: 8186: 8184: 8180: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8098: 8097: 8094: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8085: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8075: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8017: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8002: 7999: 7995: 7991: 7983: 7978: 7976: 7971: 7969: 7964: 7963: 7960: 7953: 7947: 7942: 7941: 7923: 7919: 7913: 7909: 7908: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7890: 7879: 7873: 7869: 7868: 7862: 7858: 7852: 7848: 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Sports 7004: 6997: 6981: 6977: 6976: 6971: 6965: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6935: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6904: 6888: 6884: 6880: 6873: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6843: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6812: 6796: 6792: 6788: 6781: 6765: 6761: 6755: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6724: 6708: 6704: 6698: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6667: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6637: 6621: 6617: 6611: 6595: 6591: 6590: 6586: 6579: 6563: 6559: 6553: 6537: 6533: 6527: 6511: 6507: 6501: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6471: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6425: 6421: 6415: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6385: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6355: 6336: 6332: 6325: 6319: 6303: 6299: 6293: 6277: 6273: 6267: 6251: 6247: 6240: 6232: 6225: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6190: 6188: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6138: 6136: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6100: 6098: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6039: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5974: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5959: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5926: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5817: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5786: 5770: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5754: 5737: 5732: 5728: 5722: 5720: 5703: 5699: 5698:CBSSports.com 5695: 5689: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5658: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5614: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5575: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5536: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5497: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5458: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5419: 5403: 5399: 5392: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5370: 5359: 5352: 5346: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5323: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5301: 5285: 5281: 5280:Time Magazine 5277: 5270: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5240: 5224: 5218: 5202: 5198: 5192: 5176: 5172: 5166: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5136: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5099: 5095: 5092: 5088: 5083: 5076: 5072: 5069: 5065: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5040:on 5 May 2013 5036: 5029: 5022: 5006: 5002: 5001: 4996: 4989: 4981: 4979:0-7714-1697-0 4975: 4971: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4950: 4941: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4884: 4874: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4843: 4834: 4825: 4815: 4805: 4803: 4783: 4776: 4770: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4740: 4721: 4718:. IOC. 2009. 4714: 4708: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4682: 4667: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4651: 4635: 4631: 4630: 4625: 4618: 4611: 4607: 4604: 4599: 4597: 4580: 4576: 4569: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4539: 4523: 4519: 4518: 4517:Sporting Life 4513: 4507: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4440: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4420:, p. ci. 4419: 4414: 4412: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4374: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4305: 4301: 4295: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4249: 4245: 4239: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4197: 4193: 4187: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4152: 4137: 4133: 4126: 4110: 4104: 4085: 4078: 4072: 4053: 4046: 4040: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4010: 3994: 3990: 3984: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3953: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3918: 3909: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3878: 3862: 3858: 3852: 3833: 3829: 3822: 3816: 3809: 3803: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3773: 3771: 3766: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3639:Mengniu Dairy 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3620:Alibaba Group 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3602: 3601: 3587: 3585: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3560: 3558: 3547: 3545: 3544:Lydia Nsekera 3542: 3539: 3538: 3533: 3531: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3504: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3479: 3477: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3451: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3425: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3399: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3373: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3347: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3317: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3291: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3265: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3239: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3213: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3188: 3186: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3160: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3140: 3135: 3133: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3107: 3096: 3094: 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1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1840: 1830: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1735: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1647: 1645: 1639: 1624: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1584: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1555: 1553: 1548: 1547: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1525:Defunct games 1524: 1523: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1507:Mediterranean 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1483: 1482: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1322:Olympic Games 1320: 1319: 1311: 1307: 1298: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1277: 1275: 1274:silver iodide 1269: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1221: 1219: 1201: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1178: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1154: 1152: 1142: 1137: 1124: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1103: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1085: 1078: 1077: 1076: 1074: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1030: 1028: 1027:Michael Payne 1024: 1019: 1017: 1016:Richard Pound 1013: 1007: 1004: 991: 988: 985: 982: 979: 976: 975:Olympic Order 973: 970: 967: 964: 961: 960: 959: 956: 945: 941: 938: 934: 931: 927: 926: 925: 923: 909: 905: 902: 898: 895: 892: 888: 885: 882: 881: 880: 869: 866: 862: 859: 855: 852: 848: 847: 846: 843: 838: 833: 828: 815: 812: 809: 806: 803: 800: 797: 794: 791: 788: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 769: 766: 763: 762: 753: 750: 747: 744: 743: 742: 739: 736: 734: 728: 718: 716: 712: 706: 702: 692: 690: 686: 685:Johan Eliasch 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 665:Sebastian Coe 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 634: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 611: 609: 605: 601: 596: 594: 593:Olympic Truce 589: 585: 582:In 2009, the 580: 578: 577:water quality 574: 570: 565: 561: 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 536:, France, in 535: 531: 527: 524:, Greece, in 523: 519: 515: 511: 510:Olympic Games 506: 504: 500: 491: 484: 479: 470: 467: 462: 451: 448: 444: 441: 438: 435: 432: 429: 426: 423: 420: 417: 414: 411: 408: 405: 404:Olympic Games 401: 398: 395: 392: 389: 388: 387: 385: 375: 373: 369: 368:IOC president 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 332:Olympic Games 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 298: 292: 291: 287: 273: 270: 266: 262: 257: 249: 245: 242: 239: 233: 230: 226: 222: 218: 215: 209: 206: 203: 200: 195: 191: 187: 184: 178: 174: 168: 165:, Switzerland 164: 159: 155: 151: 147: 144: 140: 137: 133: 130: 126: 112: 108: 103: 96: 89: 78: 74: 70:, Switzerland 69: 63: 58: 54: 49: 44: 37: 32: 26: 22: 10741: 10683: 10671: 10651: 10626: 10620:World War II 10595: 10576: 10572:2024 Gangwon 10527: 10520: 10511:2014 Nanjing 10468: 10461: 10454: 10450:2022 Beijing 10405:1988 Calgary 10385:1972 Sapporo 10342:1940 Sapporo 10289: 10282: 10275: 10268: 10244:2008 Beijing 10229:1996 Atlanta 10130:1920 Antwerp 10037:Pan-American 10013:Continental 9959:antisemitism 9806:Social media 9754:Torch relays 9744:Olympic Mass 9649:Olive wreath 9572:IOC meetings 9553: 9537: 9530: 9477: 9472: 9455: 9408:(skyrunning) 9378:(pickleball) 9264:(backgammon) 9217:(pole dance) 9025: 8991:(tug-of-war) 8895:(kickboxing) 8787:(air sports) 8775: 8773: 8742:(ice hockey) 8713: 8688:(volleyball) 8592:(gymnastics) 8568:(equestrian) 8544:(basketball) 8503: 8412:Panam Sports 8096:IOC sessions 8019:Organization 7993: 7926:. 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