List of Olympic Games scandals, controversies and incidents

691: 3368: 677: 2433:, Mandakhnaran held a lead of 7-6 near the end of the match and began celebrating before it had concluded. In response, Ikhtiyor was awarded a penalty point for Mandakhnaran "failing to engage" during the end of the match, which resulted in a 7–7 draw. Ikhtiyor won the game and the bronze due to being the last to score. The Mongolian coaches protested the point, which could not be challenged, by stripping in front of the judges on the mat, resulting in a shoe being sent into the judges' table. Ikhtiyor was awarded a second penalty point as the coaches were escorted away from the mat, leading to the final score being 7–8. 9979: 2440:; the new counting system had five judges who judged each bout, and a computer randomly selected three whose scores are counted. Traditionally, judges would use a computer scoring system to count each punch landed, but in 2016 the winner of each round was awarded 10 points and the loser a lower number, based on criteria which includes the quality of punches landed, effective aggression and tactical superiority. Two results in particular attracted controversy, both involving Russian athletes whose victories were put in question: the defeat of 1672:, despite Jones pummelling Park for three rounds, landing 86 punches to Park's 32. Allegedly, Park himself apologized to Jones afterward. One judge shortly thereafter admitted the decision was a mistake, and all three judges voting against Jones were eventually suspended. The official IOC investigation concluding in 1997 found that three of the judges had been wined and dined by South Korean officials. This led to calls for Jones to be awarded a gold medal, but the IOC still officially stands by the decision, despite the allegations. 1285: 9741: 32: 3034: 2841: 2802: 10105: 10145: 10093: 10117: 2219:, when she held the ball longer than the allowed six seconds. This violation is called in international play, and is intended to be used during instances of time-wasting. As a result, the American side was awarded an indirect free-kick in the box. On the ensuing play, Canada was penalized for a handball in the penalty box, with the American team being awarded a penalty kick, which 2479:, "Hey Vlad, how much did they charge you bro??". The AIBA removed an unspecified number of judges and referees following the controversy, stating that they "determined that less than a handful of the decisions were not at the level expected" and "that the concerned referees and judges will no longer officiate at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games"; however, the original decisions stood. 1436:, the capital of the Soviet Union. Many nations refused to participate in the Games. The exact number of boycotting nations is difficult to determine, as a total of 66 eligible countries did not participate, but some of those countries withdrew due to financial hardships, only claiming to join the boycott to avoid embarrassment. Iran also boycotted the Moscow Games owing to 2600:: after she faced intense public scrutiny over her eligibility to compete in the women's category, including from celebrities and world leaders. Khelif became the target of online abuse and misinformation, such as false claims that she was a man. In response, Khelif said that the backlash she received "harms human dignity" and called for an end to the 1920:), the judges posted a score of 9.725, placing Nemov in third position with several athletes still to compete. The crowd became unruly on seeing the results and interrupted the competition for almost fifteen minutes. Influenced by the crowd's fierce reaction, the judges reevaluated the routine and inflated Nemov's score to 9.762. 718:. Hitler regarded the event as 'his' Olympics and sought to exploit the Games for propaganda purposes, with the aim of showcasing post-First World War Germany. In 1936, a number of prominent politicians and organizations called for a boycott of the Summer Olympics, while other campaigners called for the games to be relocated. 2781:, two teams from the United States representing different federations sent their own teams. The IOC voted to bar both teams from the Games, but the Swiss organizing committee allowed the American Hockey Association team to take part. The team finished fourth, but a year later the IOC disqualified both United States teams. 1479:. Twenty percent of the specimens he tested, including those from sixteen gold medalists would have resulted in disciplinary proceedings had the tests been official. The results of Donike's unofficial tests later convinced the IOC to add his new technique to their testing protocols. The first documented case of " 1471:... who is not on one sort of drug or another: usually several kinds. The Moscow Games might well have been called the Chemists' Games." A member of the IOC Medical Commission, Manfred Donike, privately ran additional tests with a new technique for identifying abnormal levels of testosterone by measuring 1679:

suffered a concussion after he struck his head on the springboard during the preliminary rounds. He completed the preliminaries despite his injury, earning the highest single score of the qualifying round for his next dive and repeated the dive during the finals, earning the gold medal by a margin of

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reached the finish line first and was about to be awarded the gold medal before it was revealed he had not run the entire race. Lorz, suffering cramps, had dropped out of the race after nine miles and hitched a ride back to the stadium in a car. When the car broke down at the 19th mile, he re-entered

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claimed a course patrolman crossed his path during the slalom race, causing him to stop. Schranz was given a restart and posted the fastest time. A Jury of Appeal then reviewed the television footage, declared that Schranz had missed a gate on the upper part of the first run, annulled his repeat run

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was giving signs to the referee. When Svensson approached the official and informed him that this was not allowed according to the rules, Mamiashvili responded by saying, "you should know that this may lead to your death." Svensson later found proof that the Romanian referee was bribed (according to

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In the men's field hockey final, Michael Krause's goal in the 60th minute gave the host West German team a 1–0 victory over the defending champion Pakistan. Pakistan's players complained about some of the umpiring and disagreed that Krause's goal was good. After the game, Pakistani fans ran onto the

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was banned from participating in the Olympics as the result of a 36 to 31 vote by the IOC held four days before the opening ceremonies. African countries had threatened to boycott the Munich games had the white-minority-ruled regime been permitted to send a team. The ban occurred over the objections

2274:, never scored a count in each of the six knockdowns and let the fight continue. Meretnyyazov claimed they were slips, and even fixed Abdulhamidov's headgear during the affair. Abdulhamidov had to be helped to his corner following the round. The fight was scored 22–17 in favour of Abdulhamidov. 2250:

after being found guilty of "not using best efforts" and "conducting oneself in a manner that is clearly abusive or detrimental to the sport" by playing to lose matches in order to manipulate the draw for the knockout stage. In one match, both teams made a series of basic errors, and in another the

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Oceania's rhythmic gymnastics qualification for the Tokyo Olympics was conducted with severe breaches that resulted in change of ranking for Olympic nomination and selection. A 1.5-year-long investigation by Gymnastics Ethics Foundation found serious misconduct by qualification event's organisers,

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Norway's last-second goal against South Korea in the handball semifinals put it through to the gold medal game, despite the ball possibly failing to have fully crossed the goal line prior to time expiring. The South Koreans protested and requested that the game continue into overtime. The IHF has

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Governor George H. Earle of Pennsylvania and Mayor La Guardia joined last night with Alfred J. Lill, member of the American Olympic Committee; Eric Seelig, former amateur light-heavyweight boxing champion of Germany, and others, in urging American withdrawal from the Olympic Games in Berlin next

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Severe cost overruns made the 2014 Winter Olympics the most expensive Olympics in history, with allegations of corruption among government officials, and of close relationships between the government and construction firms. While originally budgeted at US$ 12 billion, various factors caused the

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was described as robbery in the Philippines. One media outlet claimed that it appeared that the judges were pressing the buttons on their electronic scoring equipment for the wrong boxer. However, neutral commentators stated that "n Atlanta proved his supremacy beyond doubt and was never really

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and its application at an international event such as the Olympics. In 1934 Avery Brundage undertook a visit to Germany to investigate the treatment of Jews. When he returned, he reported, "I was given positive assurance in writing ... that there will be no discrimination against Jews. You

824:; however some commentators have noted that Hitler missed all medal presentations after the first day as he only wished to shake hands with German victors. Owens himself was reported to have been magnanimous when he mentioned Hitler. After the Games however, Owens was not personally honoured by 1999:, a former two-time world champion (Greco-Roman 100 kg class) and member of board of FILA from 1990 to 2007, has described FILA as an inherently corrupt organization. During the Games, Svensson served as chairman of the disciplinary committee of FILA. As he was watching the final in the 1558:

country, opted to compete despite Soviet demands led to a warm reception of the Romanian team by the United States. When the Romanian athletes entered during the opening ceremonies, they received a standing ovation from the spectators. For different reasons, Iran and Libya also boycotted the

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published two reports in 2016 claiming that from "at least late 2011 to 2015" more than 1,000 Russian competitors in various sports, including summer, winter, and Paralympic sports, benefited from a doping cover-up. As of 25 December 2015, 43 Russian athletes who competed in Sochi have been

1878:, at the time a prohibited substance. Răducan, 16, took Nurofen, a common over-the-counter medicine, to help treat a fever. The Romanian team doctor who gave her the medication was expelled from the Games and suspended for four years. The gold medal was finally awarded to Răducan's teammate 1397:

in the fencing portion of the pentathlon event. This button, when activated, would cause the electronic scoring system to register a hit whether or not the épée had actually connected with the target area of his opponent. As a result of this discovery, he and the Soviet pentathlon team were

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performance. His fall on the last piece of apparatus had initially relegated the Japanese to fourth, and elevated host Great Britain to silver, and Ukraine to bronze. Although the decision to upgrade the Japanese score was greeted with boos in the arena, the teams involved accepted the

1740:. Although he was lapped he stayed with the leaders, slowing down the Kenyan and inciting the crowd to jeer. Initially Skah was disqualified for receiving assistance from a lapped runner, but, after an appeal by the Moroccan team to the IAAF, he was reinstated and his gold medal stood. 1889:

was stripped of a bronze medal in April 2010. Investigations by the sport's governing body (FIG) found that she was only 14 at the 2000 Games. (To be eligible the gymnastic athletes must turn 16 during the Olympic year). FIG recommended the IOC take the medal back as her scores aided

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entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-time basis. Nevertheless, the IOC held to the traditional rules regarding amateurism for athletes from non-Communist

1364:'s team (Taiwan) into the country as Canada did not recognize Taiwan as a nation. Canada's decision was in violation of its agreement with the IOC to allow all recognized teams. Canada agreed to allow the Taiwanese athletes into the country if they did not compete under the name or 2371:, allegedly vandalized a gas station bathroom, and were forced to pay for the damage by two security men who brandished a gun at the swimmers before a translator arrived. The swimmers later claimed to have been pulled over and robbed by gunmen wearing police uniforms. The 1501:

gesture in all four directions to the jeering Soviet public, causing an international scandal and almost losing his medal as a result. There were numerous incidents and accusations of Soviet officials using their authority to negate marks by opponents to the point that

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complained that the vault was set too low. The vault was measured and found to be 5 centimetres lower than it should have been. A number of the gymnasts made unusual errors, including American Elise Ray, who missed the vault completely in her warm-up, and Briton

2532:(IJF) announced the immediate suspension of Nourine and his coach on 24 July 2021, pending a further investigation, while the Algerian Olympic Committee revoked their accreditation, and sent Nourine and his coach back home to Algeria. Nourine and coach 1589:

enlisted her identical twin sister, Margaret, as an imposter for a qualifying heat. Margaret ran the second leg of the qualifier, and the team advanced but when the chief coach of the Puerto Rican team learned of the ruse, he pulled his team out of the

2639:. The critiques of the attire focused largely on the visual design, which some individuals felt was overly simple and unattractive. In response to the criticism, Malaysia released re-designed official attire for the 2024 Malaysian Olympic team. 1981:. He had gone on an eating binge the night before in a protest against the IOC's recognition of the state of Israel. It was reported that Iranian Olympic team chairman Nassrollah Sajadi had suggested that the Iranian government should give him 1809:

use. Jones had won three gold medals (100-metre sprint, 200-metre sprint and 4x400 relay) and two bronze medals (long jump and 4x100 relay). The IOC action also officially disqualified Jones from her fifth-place finish in the Long Jump at the

1012:, the team from Tunisia cheated by attempting to pass off their strongest fencer as each of their three athletes, using his mask to conceal his identity. The ruse was discovered and the Tunisians were disqualified from the fencing portion. 974:

teams met for the semi-final. The players became increasingly violent towards one another as the game progressed, while many spectators were prevented from rioting only by the sudden appearance of the police. The match became known as the

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in a manoeuvre that was legal under American rules but prohibited by the British rules under which the race was run. As a result of the disqualification, a second final race was ordered. Halswelle was to face the other two finalists

1684:-positive six months prior to the games—a diagnosis that was not publicly disclosed until 1995. This led some to question Louganis' decision not to disclose his HIV status during the Games, although blood in a pool posed no risk. 651:

and kept training at the Olympic Village. Despite pleas from all the other entrants of the marathon, he was not allowed to compete at the Games. This incident, in part, led to Finland refusing to participate in the traditional

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in their heat, when rising temperatures thawed the ice. In a controversial ruling, the Norwegian referee canceled the entire competition. Although the IOC reversed the referee's decision and awarded Jaffee the gold medal, the

1341:, led a boycott of twenty-two African nations after the IOC refused to ban New Zealand from participating. Some of the teams withdrew after the first day. The controversy prevented a much anticipated meeting between Tanzanian 1267:

field in rage; some players and fans dumped water on Belgium's Rene Frank, the head of the sport's international governing body. During the medals ceremony, the players staged protests, some of them turning their backs to the

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Despite having more cities interested in this Olympics, the bidding process experienced the most dramatic bids withdrawals ever seen. This means when the candidate stage was reached, only three candidates remained. However,

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officials found the need to look over the officials' shoulders to try to keep the events fair. There were also accusations of opening stadium gates to advantage Soviet athletes, and causing other disturbances to opposing

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with her. The Russian team filed an unsuccessful protest, pushing the medal ceremony back a day. Track officials debated for about two hours before rejecting the Russian arguments. The race was won by the United States'

2514:, the Games were postponed for the first time in the 124-year history of the modern Olympics. The Games were held in July and August 2021, despite many concerns that the Delta variant of COVID-19 posed a serious threat. 1542:, United States, citing a lack of security for their athletes as the official reason. The decision was regarded as a response to the United States-led boycott issued against the Moscow Olympics four years earlier. The 2203:

was marred by controversy. Zou, the Chinese fighter, won on a controversial decision. Pongprayoon was hit with a two-point penalty for an unclear offence with 9 seconds left in the bout to give the Chinese boxer the

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The Canadian ice hockey team boycotted the Games due to the IOC not allowing them to use professional players. Canada had expressed concerns that Soviet athletes were de facto professionals as they were paid by the

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detained Feigen, Bentz, and Conger (Lochte having already left the country) after it was determined that the swimmers had made false reports to the police of being robbed. All of the swimmers involved would receive

1993:, who was reported to have said that Arash's refusal to fight the Israeli would be "recorded in the history of Iranian glories", stated that the nation considered him to be "the champion of the 2004 Olympic Games". 1938:

Hungarian fencing official Joszef Hidasi was suspended for two years by the FIE after committing six errors in favour of Italy during the gold-medal match in men's team foil, denying the Chinese opponent the gold

6284: 2950:, and ejected from the games. Schranz's case was particularly high-profile because of the disqualification controversy centring on him at the 1968 games and Schranz's subsequent dominance of alpine skiing in the 1368:. This led to protests and a threatened boycott by other countries including the US, but these came to naught after the IOC acquiesced to the Canadian demand which, in turn, led Taiwan to boycott the Games. The 3281:. The IOC responded to concerns about the status of the 2014 games by stating that it was "premature to make judgments about how events happening today might sit with an event taking place six years from now". 2334:

caused controversy after the Thai team were given two red cards during the final set. Japan finished the tournament third and qualified for the Olympics, while Thailand finished fifth and did not qualify. The

463:, but both were from the United States and decided not to contest the repeat of the final to protest the judges' decision. Halswelle was thus the only medallist in the 400 metres, a race which became the only 5627: 2161: 5346:(2013), p. 132: "Libya also boycotted the Los Angeles Games, but its reason for doing so was caused by the state of Libyan-US relations in 1984 rather than by any political alignment with the Soviet Union". 3256:

died during training after losing control of his sled and crashing into an unpadded steel pillar. The starting spot was subsequently lowered to decrease the track speed, and a wall was erected to cover the

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to represent the Netherlands in the 2024 Summer Olympics. General director of the Dutch Volleyball Association Michel Everaert announced the organization's support for van de Velde's participation and the

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was found to be a professional athlete and banned from running in the Games. The main orchestrators of the ban were the Swedish officials that were the core of the IOC bureaucracy, including IOC president

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A major controversy in speed skating came when organizers decided to hold competitions under "North American rules", where six speed skaters raced each other at a time instead of the usual two. Finland's

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for over an hour while her appeal was considered, but the appeal was ultimately rejected and Germany advanced to play for the gold medal. Shin A-Lam was offered a consolation medal but declined the offer.

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can't ask more than that and I think the guarantee will be fulfilled." However, a number of record-holding German athletes were excluded from competing at Berlin for being racially undesirable, including

7056: 872:, Peru beat Austria 4–2 but Austria nonetheless advanced to the next round under very controversial circumstances. As a sign of protest the complete Olympic delegations of Peru and Colombia left Germany. 6718: 924:

of World War II, Germany and Japan, were suspended from the Olympics, although Italy, their former ally, participated. German and Japanese athletes were allowed to compete again at the 1952 Olympics.

7013:"CAS AD 16/10 and 16/11. The Anti-doping Division of the Court of Arbitration for Sport Issues Decisions in the Cases of Gabriel Sincrain (ROM/Weightlifting-85kg) and Misha Aloian (RUS/Boxing-52kg)" 6905: 2954:

of 1969 and 1970. Brundage's twenty-year reign as President of the IOC ended six months later and subsequent presidents have been limited to terms of eight years, renewable once for four years.

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were disqualified in the semi-final round after they crossed into the lane belonging to the South African team, interfering with their progress. The Canadians appealed unsuccessfully to the

6822: 2430: 1909: 3146:, a prominent IOC official, said soon afterward that ice dancing should be stripped of its status as an Olympic event unless it could clean up the perception that its judging is corrupt. 6880: 7255: 6440: 3120:, a month before the start of the Games. Both women competed, with Kerrigan winning the silver and Harding performing poorly. Harding was later banned for life both from competing in 2098:

events after kicking a referee in the face. Matos attacked the referee after he disqualified Matos for violating the time limit on an injury timeout. He then punched another official.

1725: 1594: 1046: 3212:. Following a December 2003 ruling by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), the IOC withdrew all the doped athletes' medals from the Games, amending the result lists accordingly. 2388: 2184: 1038:

both appeared to touch the wall first, with half of the six judges each thinking Larson and Devitt had won. Head judge Hans Runströmer controversially gave the gold medal to Devitt.

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Elder, Miriam. (11 June 2013). Russia passes law banning gay 'propaganda'. Law will make it illegal to equate straight and gay relationships and to distribute gay rights material.

5394: 1605:(representing Great Britain) infamously collided, leaving Decker injured and unable to continue. Budd was initially disqualified from her 7th place finish but was later reinstated. 8606: 2572: 1785:

troubled in any of his 4 fights" and that "Velasco’s attempt to be the Philippines' first Olympic champion faltered from the beginning and was a clear winner by 19 points to 6".

1275:, the team's manager, G.R. Chaudhry, said that his team thought the outcome had been "pre-planned" by the officials, Horacio Servetto of Argentina and Richard Jewell of Australia. 8820: 7236: 5140: 443: 7137: 2461: 2255: 2231: 1440:'s support for the Islamic Conference's condemnation of the invasion of Afghanistan. Only 80 countries participated in the Moscow games, fewer than the 92 that had joined the 4611: 2449: 1248: 628:

race caused controversy after several women reportedly collapsed at the finish line. As a result, races longer than 200 meters were banned for women until the 1960 Olympics.

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The organizing committee controversially refused to construct a bobsled track for the Games, making 1960 the only Winter Olympics where bobsledding events were not held.

2487: 6761: 2912:, but only after what the IOC bills as the "greatest controversy in the history of the Winter Olympics". The slalom run was held in poor visibility and Austrian skier 1563: 9109: 9104: 8812: 7280: 1174:

tried to make use of the media attention for their country to protest the authoritarian Mexican government. The government reacted with violence, culminating in the

3346: 7804: 7330: 7078: 6855: 4689: 1908:. The South Korean team contested Tae-Young's parallel bars score after judges misidentified one of the elements of his routine. Further problems occurred in the 5764: 3318:, who had a photo shoot taken of her wearing nothing but ski boots and a thong, had the Lebanese government claim that she damaged the reputation of her country. 947:

Eight countries boycotted the Games for three different reasons. Cambodia, Egypt, Iraq, and Lebanon announced that they would not participate in response to the

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victory in Olympic history. Taylor later ran on the Gold medal-winning U.S. team for the now-defunct Medley Relay, becoming the first African American medallist.

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By April 2017, the 2008 Summer Olympics had the most (50) Olympic medals stripped for doping violations. The leading country is Russia with 14 medals stripped.

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later overruled the IOC and restored the ruling. Evensen, for his part, publicly said that Jaffee should be awarded the gold medal, but that never happened.

418:, an Irish athlete representing Great Britain, climbed up the Olympic flagpole with an Irish flag in order to protest being considered a British competitor. 7305: 3904: 6998: 6332: 3530: 1791:

reported that "Daniel Petrov Bojilov ... dominated Mansueto Velasco of the Philippines, 19-6", but acknowledged that "the Filipino deserved more points".

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played during the medal ceremony. She returned home as a heroine of the Czechoslovak people, but was made an outcast by the Soviet dominated government.

7609: 6966: 1237:, the US team appeared to win the gold medal game against the Soviet team, but the final three seconds were replayed three times until the Soviets won. 3854: 2120:

The North Korean women's football team delayed their game against Colombia for an hour after the players were introduced on the jumbo screen with the

2046:, in which they were pictured pulling back the skin on either side of their eyes, narrowing them in order to mimic the stereotypes of thin Asian eyes. 316:

or the contemporary politics of other participants. Some countries have also been banned from the Olympics, such as the defeated countries after both

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50,000 a year at the time, was singled out for his status as a covertly professional athlete, notably for his relationship with the ski manufacturer

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who, in his speech following the Munich massacre, controversially compared the anti-Rhodesia campaign to the terrorist attack on the Olympic village

3981: 3744: 9186: 6598: 5196: 1137:, a white Australian who finished in second place, wore a human rights badge in solidarity, and was heavily criticised upon returning to Australia. 610:. The referee nonetheless declared Brousse the victor. A Swedish official protested on Mallin's behalf, and Brousse's previous opponent, Argentine 493:, refused to accept the medals when they were offered to him. The gold medals were restored to Thorpe's children in 1983, 30 years after his death. 8756: 8354: 7923: 6152: 3044: 2851: 2812: 743:

decided to boycott the Berlin Games entirely and, together with labour and socialist groups around the world, organized an alternative event, the

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Members of the Austrian biathlon team had their Olympic Village residences raided by Italian authorities, who were investigating doping charges.

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countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage. The

813:, despite Owens' protests. Glickman has claimed the decision was made to keep Jewish athletes off the podium "so to not embarrass Adolf Hitler". 762:

In the United States, there was considerable debate about boycotting the Games. A leading advocate of a boycott was U.S. athlete and politician

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after it was learned that he had played professional minor league baseball three years earlier. In solidarity, the decathlon silver medalist,

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had been expected, and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations but the country withdrew because of financial reasons.

8804: 6546: 1357:—who had surpassed both records to become the world record holder in both events. Walker went on to win the gold medal in the 1500 metres. 6664: 6573: 6414: 2540:

administrators and officials. As a result Gymnastics Australia, Oceania Gymnastics Union, an administrator and two judges were sanctioned.

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The bobsled events were marred by allegations of sabotage, after the steering on the United States sleds was reportedly tampered with. A

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was stripped of her silver medal won in the individual race, due to positive drug test. A two-year ban from any competition was imposed.

8304: 5882: 3951: 3705: 2594:. The calls from the organizations have been prompted by concerns about the war's impact on Palestinian athletes and sports facilities. 2465: 2316: 2275: 2076:. This is due partly to their youthful appearance, as well as a speech in 2007 by Chinese director of general administration for sport 1517:

was controversially fouled for scraping his foot against the ground, during a jump which would have won him the gold medal over Soviet

7210: 5914: 2524:, was sent home from the Tokyo Olympics after he withdrew from the competition after refusing to compete against an Israeli opponent, 395:

the race and jogged across the finish line. Upon being confronted by race officials, Lorz admitted his deception and was disqualified.

8448: 7176: 6195: 4519:"The Olympic Ideal and the Winter Games Attitudes Towards the Olympic Winter Games in Olympic Discourses—from Coubertin to Samaranch" 1631: 843: 7130: 6083: 5897: 5573: 4873: 1935:

and dragged into the crowd. De Lima recovered to take bronze, and was later awarded the Pierre de Coubertin medal for sportsmanship.

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was disqualified for a protest after he refused to accept the bronze medal at the medal ceremony. He was eventually banned for life.

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A series of ticket-related scandals plagued the organizing committee as the Games approached, resulting in widespread public anger.

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3,000) after it was revealed they had falsified their credentials in order to watch a basketball game between Serbia and Australia.

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In artistic gymnastics, judging errors and miscalculation of points in two of the three events led to a revision of the gymnastics

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was demoted to last for clicking to his horse to win encouragement. He asserted that it was a creaking saddle making the sounds.

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Palestinian sports organizations and sports organizations from Arab countries have called for sanctions to be imposed against

1912:. After performing a routine with six release skills in the high bar event final (including four in a row—three variations of 581:

was won by Belgium after the Czechoslovakia team walked off the pitch while the score was 0–2 to protest a referee's decision.

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stated, "Van de Velde now meets all the qualification requirements for the Olympic Games and is therefore part of the team."

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wrestling event. He was subsequently disqualified by the IOC, although his bronze medal was not awarded to Chinese wrestler

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The Soviet Union was invited but chose not to send any athletes, sending observers instead to prepare for the 1952 Olympics.

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The Big Book of Jewish Sports Heroes: An Illustrated Compendium of Sports History and The 150 Greatest Jewish Sports Stars

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converted to tie the game at 3–3. The Americans went on to win the match in extra time, advancing to the gold medal game.

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Johnson, Mark. (4 July 2013). Sochi 2014 Olympics Unsafe For LGBT Community Under Russia's Anti-Gay Law, Activists Warn.

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In August 2008, the government of Georgia called for a boycott of the Games in response to Russia's participation in the

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was expelled from the Olympics after a racist comment on Twitter about Koreans after Switzerland lost 2–1 to South Korea.

2153:, after a timekeeping error allowed Heidemann to score the winning point before time expired. Shin A-lam remained on the 2053:

placed his bronze medal onto the floor immediately after it was placed around his neck in protest at his loss to Italian

1814:. At the time of her admission and subsequent guilty plea, Jones was one of the most famous athletes to be linked to the 690: 258: 8599: 6105: 4714: 3345:

Russia was banned by the IOC from attending the Games due to state-sponsored doping. Their athletes participated as the

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Players for the Spanish men's basketball teams posed for a pre-Olympic newspaper advertisement in popular Spanish daily

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The various boycotts resulted in only 92 countries participating, down from 121 in 1972 and the lowest number since the

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Of the first 139 nations in the parade, the biggest cheers went to Rumania, the only Warsaw Pact nation competing here.

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The political frustrations between the Soviet Union and Hungary boiled over at the games themselves when the two men's

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disqualified a clearly dominant Holyfield. Barry eventually won the silver medal, with Holyfield settling for bronze.

563:

had been a German ally in World War I, the French-dominated International Olympic Committee transferred the Games to

71: 7726: 7012: 6734: 6285:"Greek triple jumper Paraskevi Papachristou withdrawn from Olympics following racist tweet about African immigrants" 5794: 4462: 4073:

Jews and the Olympic Games: the clash between sport and politics: with a complete review of Jewish Olympic medalists

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The Republic of China (Taiwan) withdrew their athletes due to the participation of the People's Republic of China.

10175: 10170: 9076: 8991: 8900: 8772: 8764: 8685: 7052: 6496: 4741: 3453: 3171: 1844: 1766: 1650: 1372:

also continued its boycott over the failure of the IOC to recognize its team as the sole representative of China.

891: 711: 703: 570:

Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary, and Turkey were not invited to the Games, being the successor states of the

313: 81: 8571: 5395:"The Tale of Madeline and Margaret de Jesus: Twins Who Almost Got Away with It at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics" 5243: 3771: 955:. The Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland withdrew to protest the Soviet Union's invasion of Hungary during the 8555: 6952: 3982:"Gov. Earl Urges U.S. Olympic Ban. He Says Here Nazis Will 'Sell' Their Philosophy to All Who Attend the Games" 3448: 1951: 1913: 1361: 951:

during which Egypt had been invaded by Israel, the United Kingdom, and France after Egypt had nationalized the

825: 676: 251: 51: 8212: 8061: 6127: 1472: 614:, complained that he had also been bitten. Brousse was disqualified, and Mallin went on to win the gold medal. 10108: 9413: 9224: 7306:"Malaysia unveils 'fiercer-looking' Olympic kit design after criticism, apology over 'cheap-looking' outfits" 5298:

The Romanians, the only Eastern bloc nation to defy the Soviet boycott, were greeted with a standing ovation.

3680: 3458: 2994: 2529: 1882:. Răducan was allowed to keep her other medals, a gold from the team competition and a silver from the vault. 1551: 1365: 1256: 960: 8330:"Why are countries boycotting the Beijing Olympics? Here's what you need to know - National | Globalnews.ca" 5600: 647:, who claimed that Nurmi had received too much money for his travel expenses. Nurmi did, however, travel to 405:

from around the world being displayed and performing in sporting events that they had not been prepared for.

9191: 9156: 8592: 8585: 8414: 7331:"New "More Striking Tiger Stripe Design" Attire for 2024 Olympic M'sian Contingent Unveiled After Backlash" 7155: 4158:

The Reich Chancellery and Führerbunker complex : an illustrated history of the seat of the Nazi regime

4071: 2620: 1985:

115,000 (the amount he would have received if he had won the gold medal) as a reward for his actions. Then-

1703: 1699: 1535: 1522: 1514: 1421: 136: 8796: 8189: 4327: 805:

were originally selected to compete in the 4x100 meter relay, but were replaced on the day of the race by

9406: 9263: 8941: 8907: 8692: 7872: 7712: 5222: 5056: 3653: 3613: 3443: 2686: 2635:

The Olympic Council of Malaysia received wide-spread online backlash in response to the release of their

2560: 2345:, an Egyptian judoka, refused to shake hands and bow to his opponent after being defeated by the Israeli 2281:

By April 2017, the Olympics had 29 Olympic medals stripped for doping violations. The leading country is

1840: 1207:

occurred, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the Palestinian terrorist group

1050: 415: 301: 66: 4301: 3748: 3142:, Japan, a judge in the ice dancing event tape-recorded another judge trying to pre-ordain the results. 1178:

ten days before the Games began and more than two thousand protesters were shot at by government forces.

766:, the son of a German immigrant, who was an IOC member before being expelled from the IOC for his views. 10135: 10015: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9966: 9959: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9096: 9054: 7976: 6019: 4964: 4013: 3325: 3289: 2756: 2247: 2139: 1494: 1453: 1130: 460: 101: 96: 46: 8433: 4432: 3478: 2751:

The 1940 and 1944 Winter Olympics were cancelled due to World War II. The IOC controversially awarded

2234:

tournament became embroiled in controversy during the group stage when eight players (both pairs from

9343: 9119: 8130:"Winter Olympics 2014: Sochi Games "nothing but a monstrous scam," says Kremlin critic Boris Nemtsov" 8033: 7635: 7505: 6797: 3113: 2891: 2788:

later admitted to causing the damage by accidentally backing into the shed where the sleds were kept.

2004: 1894:

in winning the team bronze. The US women's team, who had come fourth in the event, moved up to third.

1404:, the host province, incurred $ 1.5 billion in debt, which was not paid off until December 2006. The 1086: 956: 456: 111: 7531: 7454: 4851: 4799: 4612:"Passages: Lance Larson, Former World-Record Holder Controversially Denied Olympic Gold, Dies at 83" 4495: 3879: 9740: 9353: 8708: 6173: 5890: 2887: 2457: 2426: 2372: 1467:

claimed that "there is hardly a medal winner at the Moscow Games, certainly not a gold medal winner

1225: 1160: 1140: 976: 887: 732: 447: 31: 7045:"Joint Statement from the International Olympic Committee and the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee" 6055: 2406:

Nine Australian athletes had their passports seized by Brazilian police and were fined R$ 10,000 (

2377: 9496: 7827: 5329:

Ronen, Yehudit; 'Libya (Al-Jamhāhīriyaa al-'Arabiyya al-Lībiyya ash-Sha‘biyya al-Ishtirākiyya)’;

2951: 2629: 1251:, a German impostor entered the stadium to the cheers of the stadium ahead of the actual winner, 1208: 898:, Finland, the runner-up in the original bidding process, but the Games were not held due to the 740: 560: 6574:"Thailand go down to Japan in close battle amidst controversial referee's decision - The Nation" 6240: 3723: 2976:. However, after the city's voters rejected partially funding the Games, they were relocated to 1818:. The case against BALCO covered more than 20 top level athletes, including Jones's ex-husband, 9481: 9219: 9173: 9151: 9139: 8934: 8666: 7688: 4046: 4040: 3278: 2752: 2619:

Representatives of the organizations Safe Space Club and Right to Equality have criticized the

2453: 2135: 1483:" occurred at the 1980 Summer Olympics as a runner was transfused with two units of blood (i.e. 1186: 428: 369: 177: 141: 131: 56: 7778: 7420: 5472: 5030: 4763: 4551: 9501: 7386: 5919: 5904:; the WADA moved the substance to the Monitoring List to assess in-competition use and abuse. 5174: 4998: 4662: 3829: 3823: 3424: 2604:

of athletes. Khelif filed a criminal complaint in France against unspecified individuals for

1429: 1097: 835: 828: 736: 509: 309: 234: 6221: 5879: 3959: 2278:, the governing body for Olympic boxing, overturned the result following an appeal by Japan. 2164:, Japan was promoted to the silver medal position after successfully lodging an appeal over 1487:

two pints or about 950 ml) before winning medals in the 5,000 m and 10,000 m.

10097: 9907: 9900: 9893: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9785: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9749: 9728: 9721: 9714: 9707: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9599: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9526: 9336: 9326: 9009: 8642: 8626: 6106:"Daily Times – Leading news resource of Pakistan – Abrahamian faces rap for binning bronze" 5524: 5376:"In 1984, These Puerto Rican Twins Hatched an Insane Plan to Switch Places at the Olympics" 5227: 3658: 3301: 3253: 3135: 2993:(The Republic of China) did not participate in the Games over the IOC's recognition of the 2969: 2943: 2723:, who had won seven medals at the previous two Olympics, refused to participate in disgust. 2587: 2583: 2407: 2263: 1982: 1947: 1943: 1848: 1811: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1376: 1354: 959:

and the Soviet presence at the Games. Less than two weeks before the Opening Ceremony, the

907: 744: 707: 684: 523: 291: 287: 167: 162: 6415:"Controversy mars Americans' 4–3 win over Canada, but shouldn't detract from a great game" 4947:

Golan, Galia; Soviet Policies in the Middle East: From World War Two to Gorbachev; p. 193

1193:

before the shooting portion, disqualifying the Swedish team from their third place finish.

787: 8: 9928: 9032: 8716: 7256:"Paris Olympics 2024: Malaysia agrees to redesign official kit after widespread ridicule" 6762:"CAS Rio: The CAS ad hoc division in Rio closes with a total of 28 procedures registered" 5894: 5280: 4881: 2624: 2473: 2121: 2016: 1923:

While leading in the men's marathon with less than 10 kilometres to go, Brazilian runner

1567: 1175: 1042: 660: 208: 172: 7099:"Algerian judoka Fethi Nourine suspended and sent home for withdrawing to avoid Israeli" 1977:

was disqualified after he was found to be overweight before a judo bout against Israeli

664: 497: 9474: 8237: 8217: 7181: 5559: 5315: 5248: 3352:

Kei Saito, a Japanese Short Track Speed Skater was suspended after being caught doping.

3285: 3190: 2564: 1787: 1642:

did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations. The participation of

1156: 1101: 402: 239: 218: 8038: 5545: 3433:

government delegates did not attend the Olympics but still sent their team to compete.

3300:

budget to expand to US$ 51 billion, surpassing the estimated $ 44 billion cost of the

2654:

In the 500 meter speed skating race, the Norwegian team contended the event had been

1871: 902:. Ultimately, the Olympic Games were suspended indefinitely following the outbreak of 725: 644: 500:

became the first Olympic athlete to die in competition after collapsing on the track.

10069: 7426: 7392: 7281:""Who approved the design?" - Malaysia's 2024 Olympic Paris attire draws flak online" 7186: 6592: 6441:"London 2012 soccer: Controversial call against Canada in U.S. semifinal rarely made" 5635: 5476: 5465: 5087: 5036: 5002: 4991: 4948: 4557: 4280: 4274: 4230: 4161: 4077: 4050: 3833: 3699: 2905: 2511: 2445: 2418: 2177: 2042: 1986: 1924: 1586: 1571: 1498: 1464: 1437: 1405: 1386: 1383: 890:. The government of Japan abandoned its support for the 1940 Games in July 1938. The 862: 763: 756: 451: 398: 283: 4788:

http://newsblogs.chicagotribune.com/sports_globetrotting/2008/10/marathon-men-th.htm

4553:

Total Olympics: Every Obscure, Hilarious, Dramatic, and Inspiring Tale Worth Knowing

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had famously said: "The Olympics can no more lose money than a man can have a baby."

1284: 1129:

first and third respectively, performed the "Power to the People" salute during the

941: 9491: 9446: 9004: 8828: 8650: 6463: 5285: 4800:"The Montreal Olympics boycott | NZHistory.net.nz, New Zealand history online" 4225:

13 February 2002 from History News Network (article excerpted from Rick Shenkman's

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in 1933, the plans for the Olympic Games became entangled with the politics of the

343: 8305:"Australia, UK and Canada join diplomatic boycott of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics" 6514: 6379: 6357: 6258: 6153:"Handball-S.Korea's appeal against Norway win rejected – Olympics – Yahoo! Sports" 4207: 1879: 1288:

Countries boycotting the 1976 (yellow), 1980 (blue) and 1984 (red) Summer Olympics

755:. The event did not take place however; just as the Games were about to begin the 10149: 9318: 9273: 9229: 9161: 9081: 8999: 8732: 7834: 7083: 6967:"Michael Conlan calls out Vladimir Putin in first tweet since controversial loss" 6722: 5901: 5886: 5578: 4490: 3880:"Women's 800-meter run causes controversy on this day in Olympic history in 1928" 3420: 3376: 3372: 3182: 3154: 3150: 3013: 2870: 2680:

was leading the competition, having outskated Norwegian defending world champion

2659: 2378:

various punishments and suspensions relating to their conduct during the incident

2259: 2154: 2054: 1875: 1832: 1737: 1733: 1718: 1268: 1204: 783: 611: 501: 490: 436: 126: 61: 7950:"Despite 2002 bribery scandal, Salt Lake City aims to host 2030 Winter Olympics" 7112: 6690: 6572:

Thailand, Nation Multimedia Group Public Company Limited, Nationmultimedia.com.

1529: 1271:

and handling their silver medals disrespectfully. According to the story in the

632: 372:

to throw three of his attempts into the crowd. Swimming events were held in the

9464: 9358: 9313: 9308: 8969: 8658: 7559:"The appalling decision to award the ill-fated 1940 Winter Olympics to Germany" 5715:"OLYMPICS / Barcelona 1992: Athletics: Kenyan outcry over Skah's reinstatement" 5628:"THREE OLYMPIANS FAIL DRUG TESTS BRITISH TEAM SUSPENDS SPRINTER, WEIGHTLIFTERS" 5502: 5066: 3986: 3412: 3389:

then pulled out, with the process continued with the two remaining candidates (

3315: 3177:

Two sets of gold medals were awarded in pairs figure skating, to Canadian pair

3117: 3017: 2998: 2939: 2745: 2738: 2533: 2491: 2476: 2392: 2308: 2077: 2050: 2012: 1996: 1826: 1538:: The Soviet Union and fourteen of its allies boycotted the 1984 Games held in 1219: 1148: 876: 858: 810: 802: 571: 432: 391: 203: 121: 7805:"When Denver rejected the Olympics in favour of the environment and economics" 7211:"Dutch Olympic organizers stand by qualification of athlete convicted of rape" 6934: 6823:"Dez atletas australianos são detidos após tentativa de adulterar credenciais" 6613:"Volleyball drama: FIVB refuses to evaluate judge who gave Thailand red cards" 5966: 5662:"You can keep your medal: Sarita Devi is not alone, others have said 'no' too" 2984: 2928:

event were disqualified for illegally heating their runners prior to each run.

2693: 2091: 1874:

became the first gymnast to be stripped of a medal after testing positive for

1653:

was stripped of his gold medal for the 100 metres when he tested positive for

1518: 364:, organizers did not allow enough room for throwing events, leading Hungarian 10159: 9469: 9454: 9363: 9281: 9024: 8957: 7190: 7131:"Decision of the Disciplinary Commission of the Gymnastics Ethics Foundation" 6639:"Olympics ethics committee warns Egyptian judoka Shehabi - Egypt Independent" 5740:"THROWBACK: When a "robbery in Atlanta" denied Onyok Velasco an Olympic Gold" 5639: 3557:"How the 1904 Marathon Became One of the Weirdest Olympic Events of All Time" 3416: 3205: 3161: 3139: 3109: 3106: 3102: 2720: 2681: 2677: 2609: 2605: 2517: 2384: 2021: 1886: 1864: 1859: 1852: 1815: 1773: 1748: 1676: 1669: 1252: 607: 531: 279: 213: 193: 86: 23: 7177:"Dutch Olympic Organizers Defend Participation of Athlete Convicted of Rape" 6881:"Mongolian wrestling coaches go nuts, strip down after unfavorable decision" 3288:, began calling for a boycott of the Games due to oppressive and homophobic 3193:, after allegations of collusion among judges in favour of the Russian pair. 3178: 384: 10057: 9301: 9291: 9181: 9086: 8254:"Japanese speed skater Kei Saito suspended from Winter Olympics for doping" 7809: 6970: 6241:"In Quest for Gold and Glory at Olympics, China Pressures Injured Athletes" 4903: 4822:"BBC ON THIS DAY | 17 | 1976: African countries boycott Olympics" 3293: 2921: 2913: 2785: 2734: 2711:. A solution was found where the land for the bobsledding run would become 2597: 2525: 2483: 2441: 2364: 2360: 2271: 2220: 2169: 2073: 1967: 1802: 1747:

label and were banned from team events due to the country's conduct in the

1609: 1543: 1480: 1457: 1425: 1408: 1342: 1152: 1134: 1118: 1054: 1031: 1023:", and marched in the opening ceremony with a sign reading "Under Protest". 987: 983: 903: 854: 791: 779: 715: 680: 599: 346:

won the bronze medal, but later admitted to covering part of the course by

5992:"Was there ANOTHER MISTAKE MADE in the 2004 men's Olympic all-around??? -" 5831: 4525: 2707:, which caused controversy as the club had an exclusionary policy towards 2068:

Questions have been raised about the ages of two Chinese female gymnasts,

1181:

The first Olympic disqualification for a banned substance occurred in the

816:

Hitler's decision not to shake hands with American long-jump medal winner

10038: 9486: 9459: 9348: 6333:"Fencing Controversy Causes South Korea's Shin A Lam To Protest on Piste" 6060: 5061: 3209: 3086: 2727: 2712: 2700: 2663: 2655: 2368: 2356: 2216: 2196: 2128: 2108: 1822: 1781: 1729: 1711: 1665: 1661: 1598: 1555: 1539: 1511: 1346: 1318: 1306: 1260: 1171: 1122: 1093: 1071: 1035: 948: 921: 914: 817: 806: 798: 774: 694: 648: 639: 535: 422: 373: 198: 8418: 7079:"Algerian judoka sent home from Olympics after refusing to face Israeli" 5344:

The Cold War and the 1984 Olympic Games: A Soviet-American Surrogate War

3855:"Not just Chariots of Fire: the forgotten heroes of 1924 Paris Olympics" 3797:"Belgium win dramatic Olympic football final after Czechoslovak tantrum" 3333: 3033: 2840: 2801: 2741:

could not compete in the Olympics due to being considered professionals.

1736:

for the gold medal; with three laps remaining they both lapped Moroccan

1074:

withdrew after the IOC decision to ban teams that took part in the 1963

8844: 8463: 8279:"Lithuania confirms diplomatic boycott of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics" 7160: 4447: 3292:, including the open acknowledgement of gay identities, the display of 3143: 2764: 2623:

and Dutch Olympic organizers' decision to allow convicted child rapist

2591: 2414: 2352: 2267: 2146: 1961:

stepped on the first hurdle, tumbling to the ground and taking Russian

1932: 1928: 1654: 1635: 1608:

One third of the United States cycling team was found to have received

1575: 1491: 971: 952: 899: 770: 486: 478: 317: 8002:"Luger Nodar Kumaritashvili's death 'unforeseeable' – official report" 6935:"Rio Olympics 2016: Boxing judges are 'crazy' over new scoring system" 5935:"London 2012: Gymnastic gold for true flying Dutchman Epke Zonderland" 2270:

six times in the third round. The referee, Ishanguly Meretnyyazov of

1211:. Eleven athletes, coaches and judges were murdered by the terrorists. 706:(IOC) selected the German capital city Berlin as the host city of the 8381:"Japan to quietly snub Beijing Olympics, but won't call it a boycott" 7156:"Will the IOC Do Anything About the Killing of Palestinian Athletes?" 6529:"Olympic boxing: referee sent home after Satoshi Shimizu wins appeal" 3408: 3400: 2977: 2613: 2346: 2243: 2132: 2095: 1978: 1688: 1639: 1602: 1448:

which had also featured 80 countries. A substitute event, titled the

1390: 1330: 1302: 1067: 995: 982:

The advent of the state-sponsored "full-time amateur athlete" of the

752: 748: 721: 697:

on the podium after winning the long jump at the 1936 Summer Olympics

603: 552: 516: 505: 482: 321: 8182:"Lebanese Olympic Skier Jackie Chamoun Topless Photos Cause Scandal" 7640:

Cultural Imperialism in Action Critiques in the Global Olympic Trust

4993:

Doping in Élite Sport: The Politics of Drugs in the Olympic Movement

3958:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. June 2013. Archived from 3918: 3079: 360:

The Games were considered a planning and organizational failure. In

9286: 8976: 8355:"Japan PM will not attend Beijing Winter Olympics opening ceremony" 8213:"Russia's Doping Program Laid Bare by Extensive Evidence in Report" 7662:"Milne, 19, Loses Control at 60 M.P.H. and Runs Into Tree in DriII" 6851: 5889:, pseudoephedrine was not considered a prohibited substance by the 4381:"Why the Olympics Are a Source of Pride—and Frustration—for Taiwan" 4042:

The games must go on : Avery Brundage and the Olympic Movement

3157:

being found in his system. The IOC reinstated the medal days later.

3009:

Summer Games for the same reason. It returned to the Games in 1984.

3002: 2909: 2755:, Germany hosting rights on June 9, 1939, fifteen months after the 2601: 2422: 2331: 2192: 2069: 2062: 1819: 1350: 1338: 1214: 895: 790:. The only Jewish athlete to compete on the German team was fencer 548: 464: 347: 297: 106: 6665:"Polícia Federal retira nadadores americanos de avião para os EUA" 4220: 2938:

Austrian skier Karl Schranz, a vocal critic of then-IOC president

2831: 2399:

filed an appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport against the

2101:

China was criticized for their state run athlete training program.

1616: 1394: 1049:

event after fracturing his skull. The death was blamed by some on

8852: 7636:"The Bobsled Controversy and Squaw Valley's Olympic Winter Games" 6311:"Greek athlete suspended from Olympic team for offensive remarks" 6084:"Spanish Olympic basketball team in 'racist' photo row – CNN.com" 5462: 4585:"Blast from the past: Modern Pentathlon misery for Tunisian trio" 3394: 3311: 3305: 3216: 2947: 2908:

achieved a clean sweep of the then-three alpine skiing medals at

2771: 2760: 2469: 1917: 1867:, who fell and had to be carried off the mat after being injured. 1314: 1310: 1020: 942:

1956 Summer Olympics – Melbourne, Australia and Stockholm, Sweden

564: 325: 305: 8926: 6547:"Controversial Win For Japan Over Thailand in Olympic Qualifier" 6006:"Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima é homenageado por medalha de Atenas" 5765:"Boxing at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Games: Men's Light-Flyweight" 4183:"Hitler's Olympics: Jewish runners 'betrayed' by U.S. Athletics" 2670: 2289: 2227:

responded by stating that the refereeing decisions were correct.

2215:, a time-wasting call was made against the Canadian goalkeeper, 618: 312:

the Games on various occasions, either as a protest against the

308:, has regularly affected the Olympic Games. Some countries have 294:

have been the subject of scandals, controversies and incidents.

8634: 6380:"Olympic gymnastics: Why does bronze mean so much for Britain?" 3404: 3390: 3006: 2990: 2579: 2008: 1759: 1433: 1401: 1322: 1075: 964: 527: 377: 8302: 6845:"Wrestling - Men's Freestyle 65 kg - Match Number 398 - Mat B" 6478:"Christine Sinclair's suspension wasn't for comments to media" 5439:"About one-third of the U.S. Olympic cycling team received..." 4690:"Friday Flashback: Sometimes Being First Doesn't Mean Victory" 4276:

Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitler's Olympics

3024: 2871:

1960 Winter Olympics – Squaw Valley, California, United States

1452:, often referred to as Olympic Boycott Games, was held at the 1415: 1197: 7899:"Albertville; Swiss speed skier killed during a practice run" 3828:. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. pp. 3430: 3121: 3096: 3016:

was built with the goal of subsequently converting it into a

2327: 2149:

lost the semifinal match in the individual épée to Germany's

2142:

after posting a racially insensitive comment on social media.

1891: 1530:

1984 Summer Olympics – Los Angeles, California, United States

1476: 1369: 1334: 1108: 994:

Due to quarantine issues, the equestrian events were held in

967:(Taiwan) being allowed to compete (under the name "Formosa"). 883: 633:

1932 Summer Olympics – Los Angeles, California, United States

7237:"Malaysia to redesign 'ugly' Olympic kit after fan backlash" 6354:"Olympics fencing: Tearful Shin A Lam denied chance at gold" 5197:"Australia demands probe of triple jump final at 1980 Games" 2962: 2880: 2746:

1940 and 1944 Winter Olympics (not held due to World War II)

2015:

from Sweden, Svensson witnessed how the Russian team leader

877:

1940 and 1944 Summer Olympics (not held due to World War II)

6515:"Olympics badminton: Eight women disqualified from doubles" 3386: 3240: 3208:, were disqualified after blood tests indicated the use of 2985:

1980 Winter Olympics – Lake Placid, New York, United States

2925: 2708: 2694:

1932 Winter Olympics – Lake Placid, New York, United States

2336: 2224: 2087: 1795: 1623: 1503: 1326: 1190: 931: 839: 556: 471: 409: 5215: 5141:"Style, Love, Home, Horoscopes & more - MSN Lifestyle" 4638:"The Morality Myth Behind the Modern Anti-Doping Movement" 4524:. Comité International Pierre De Coubertin. Archived from 3296:

and public displays of affection between same-sex couples.

3162:

2002 Winter Olympics – Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

2898: 2648: 2387:

broke the world record in the snatch weightlifting of the

1858:

In the Women's artistic gymnastics, Australian competitor

1279: 542: 4106:"German film helps Jewish athlete right historical wrong" 3063: 2536:

were banned from international competition for ten years.

1681: 671: 385:

1904 Summer Olympics – St. Louis, Missouri, United States

4160:. Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland & Co. pp. 47–48. 3583:"Remembering the Anthropology Days at the 1904 Olympics" 3356: 3124:-sanctioned events and from becoming a sanctioned coach. 3092:

died after crashing into a snow machine during practice.

2932: 2301:

Russian doping scandal and participation restrictions -

2028: 1898: 1574:

ended in controversy, when referee Grigorije Novičić of

1085:

South Africa was suspended from the Olympics due to its

336: 4222:

Adolf Hitler, Jesse Owens and the Olympics Myth of 1936

3261: 3219:

scandal, which led to the expulsion of six IOC members.

3128: 2544: 1851:

from its record books, and requested the return of his

886:, Japan, but were cancelled due to the outbreak of the 585: 354: 8079: 7481:"Jews Win Fight Against Anti-semitic Lake Placid Club" 3648: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3363:

Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics

3340:

Concerns and controversies at the 2018 Winter Olympics

3268:

Concerns and controversies at the 2014 Winter Olympics

3247:

Concerns and controversies at the 2010 Winter Olympics

3223: 3168:

Doping at the Olympic Games § 2002 Salt Lake City

3070:

Concerns and controversies at the 1988 Winter Olympics

2997:

as "China", and its request for Taiwan to compete as "

2980:, Austria. Innsbruck previously hosted the 1964 Games. 2894:. There were complaints that the tracks were not safe. 2792: 2728:

1936 Winter Olympics – Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

2551:

Concerns and controversies at the 2024 Summer Olympics

2505:

Concerns and controversies at the 2020 Summer Olympics

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Concerns and controversies at the 2016 Summer Olympics

2115:

Concerns and controversies at the 2012 Summer Olympics

2109:

2012 Summer Olympics – London, England, United Kingdom

2035:

Concerns and controversies at the 2008 Summer Olympics

1622:

The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally,

1061: 915:

1948 Summer Olympics – London, England, United Kingdom

882:

The 1940 Summer Olympics were scheduled to be held in

683:

arriving at the opening ceremony of the controversial

423:

1908 Summer Olympics – London, England, United Kingdom

10133: 4227:

Legends, Lies and Cherished Myths of American History

3952:"The Movement to Boycott the Berlin Olympics of 1936" 3334:

2018 Winter Olympics – PyeongChang, Republic of Korea

2207:

During the semi-final women's football match between

1259:

coverage of the event, the guest commentator, writer

1002: 861:. Instead of disqualification, Merkens was fined 100 6259:"London 2012: North Koreans walk off after flag row" 5853:

Schmidt, Michael S.; Zinser, Lynn (5 October 2007).

5830:. Associated Press. 12 December 2007. Archived from 5467:

Historical Dictionary of the Modern Olympic Movement

3419:

applied diplomatic boycotts to the Games due to the

1638:

did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC.

1151:

and the controversial decision by the judges on the

1096:

was arrested for allegedly stealing a flag from the

8465:

Olympic Games scandals, controversies and incidents

7018:. Court of Arbitration for Sport. 8 December 2016. 6985:"Number of Olympic boxing judges dropped from duty" 5893:. The drug was removed from the prohibited list in 3631: 2703:venue was set to be constructed on the land of the 2020:Svensson the referee had received over one million 1263:, famously called to Shorter "It's a fraud, Frank." 769:International concern surrounded the ruling German 8303:Ben Westcott and Caitlin McGee (8 December 2021). 7977:"Georgia luger, 21, dies in Whistler training run" 5464: 5358:"Boxing; U.S. Protest of Holyfield Loss is Denied" 4990: 4904:"BBC – h2g2 – A Guide To Olympic Sports – Fencing" 4006: 3284:In mid-2013, a number of organizations, including 1689:1992 Summer Olympics – Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain 517:1916 Summer Olympics (not held due to World War I) 8861:Attempted repatriation of Krystsina Tsimanouskaya 6999:"Olympic Boxing: Judges sent home amid criticism" 6497:"The greatest game of women's soccer ever played" 5456: 4248:"Owens Arrives With Kind Words For All Officials" 4018:The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936 (Online Exhibition) 3504:"Paris almost put an end to the Olympic movement" 3080:1992 Winter Olympics – Tignes-Albertville, France 2886:Two athletes died during training: British luger 2676:In the 10,000-meter speed skating race, American 2436:Controversy surrounded the new judging system in 1706:, were sent home after being tested positive for 1428:instigated a boycott of the games to protest the 759:broke out and the People's Olympiad was canceled. 324:. Other controversies have included decisions by 10157: 8251: 6787:"CAS OG 16/28 Behdad Salimi & NOCIRI v. IWF" 6735:"Iran files application to CAS on Salimi's case" 6238: 5414:"Drama and heartbreak in the 1984 Olympic 3000m" 5083:Olympic Sports and Propaganda Games: Moscow 1980 4483: 4477: 4406:"Cold War violence erupts at Melbourne Olympics" 4208:The 1936 Berlin Olympics: Hitler and Jesse Owens 4045:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 3946: 3944: 3772:"The Truth About The First Modern Olympic Death" 3614:"Timeline: Politics and Protest at the Olympics" 3020:. Athletes and activists protested the decision. 1660:In a highly controversial 3–2 judge's decision, 963:also chose to boycott the event, protesting the 534:, but were cancelled because of the outbreak of 8409:Moran, Michael; Bajoria, Jayshree; et al. 3815: 3215:Salt Lake City's bid committee was caught in a 2832:1956 Winter Olympics – Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy 2658:incorrectly in favor of American gold medalist 1957:In the women's 100m hurdles, Canadian sprinter 1805:was stripped of five medals after admitting to 1617:1988 Summer Olympics – Seoul, Republic of Korea 8234:"Russia Banned From Winter Olympics by I.O.C." 7848:"Why the 1980 Olympic Village Is Now a Prison" 7243:. National Broadcasting Company. 28 June 2024. 5498:"CUBANS TURN THEIR BACK ON THE SEOUL OLYMPICS" 4299: 3375:in Prague, 4 February 2022. The banner reads " 2772:1948 Winter Olympics – St. Moritz, Switzerland 450:was disqualified for blocking British athlete 8942: 8449: 7879:, Knight Ridder, p. 29, 13 February 1987 7745: 7532:"Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936 Winter Olympics" 7113:"Algerian judoka & coach get 10-year ban" 6953:"Olympic heavyweight final booed at Rio 2016" 6222:"Chinese gymnast endured childhood sacrifice" 6219: 5852: 5818: 5816: 5787: 5311:"Iran Announces Boycott of the 1984 Olympics" 5022: 4132:"'Hitler's Pawn' on HBO: An Olympic Betrayal" 3941: 3718: 3716: 3555:Abbott, Karen; Wexler, Ellen (27 June 2024). 2737:boycotted the event after the IOC ruled that 2671:1928 Winter Olympics – St Moritz, Switzerland 2413:During the second bronze medal match between 2290:2016 Summer Olympics – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 1837:History of Lance Armstrong doping allegations 906:and did not resume until the London Games of 619:1928 Summer Olympics – Amsterdam, Netherlands 259: 7361:"6 Scandals That Rocked the Winter Olympics" 6906:"Olympic coaches strip in front of everyone" 6597:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6128:"Issues raised about Chinese athletes' ages" 6049: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6020:"IFC: Ref made six errors in favor of Italy" 5757: 5681: 5679: 5463:John E. Findling; Kimberly D. Pelle (1996). 5079: 4982: 4430: 4351: 3724:"International Olympic Committee – Athletes" 3554: 2383:During the weightlifting tournament, Iran's 1760:1996 Summer Olympics – Atlanta, Georgia, USA 1345:—the former world record holder in both the 820:has been widely interpreted as a snub of an 401:, an unofficial part of the Games, involved 8915:Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics 7610:"Post-war Olympic camaraderie in St Moritz" 6929: 6927: 5960:"CAS Arbitral Award: Yang Tae-Young v. FIG" 5846: 5116:"Top 10 Scandals in Summer Olympic History" 4988: 4896: 4556:. Workman Publishing Company. p. 120. 4325: 4103: 4069: 3825:The Olympics: A History of the Modern Games 3528: 3025:1984 Winter Olympics – Sarajevo, Yugoslavia 2094:was banned for life from any international 1525:demanded an investigation into the results. 1416:1980 Summer Olympics – Moscow, Soviet Union 1198:1972 Summer Olympics – Munich, West Germany 591:Germany was again not invited to the Games. 10062: 8949: 8935: 8456: 8442: 8225: 8204: 7924:"Ice Dancers Struggle To Prove Legitimacy" 7455:"Antisemitism at the 1932 Winter Olympics" 6213: 6076: 5855:"Jones Pleads Guilty to Lying About Drugs" 5824:"IOC strips Jones of all 5 Olympic medals" 5813: 5057:"Kozakiewicz Sets World Pole Vault Record" 4731: 4149: 3713: 3097:1994 Winter Olympics – Lillehammer, Norway 2569:New Zealand women's national football team 2464:quarter-final, after which Conlan accused 2317:Independent Olympians at the Olympic Games 2246:) were ejected from the tournament by the 1109:1968 Summer Olympics – Mexico City, Mexico 853:In the cycling match sprint final, German 606:on his chest inflicted by French opponent 266: 252: 8821:Sochi Ladies' singles judging controversy 8156:"The Sochi Olympics: Castles in the sand" 7727:"JEAN-CLAUDE WINS THE BATTLE AND THE WAR" 7634:Wakefield, Wanda Ellen (1 January 2006). 7633: 6174:"Cuban banned for referee kick – Reuters" 6038: 5932: 5712: 5685: 5676: 5411: 5028: 4433:"Blood in the Water at the 1956 Olympics" 4020:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 3852: 3479:"Olympic Marathon Athens 1896 I Olympiad" 2963:1976 Winter Olympics – Innsbruck, Austria 2881:1964 Winter Olympics – Innsbruck, Austria 2258:early round boxing match, Japanese boxer 1159:, turned her head down and away from the 1089:. The suspension would be lifted in 1992. 844:National Athletic and Cycling Association 638:Nine-time Finnish Olympic gold medallist 8408: 8127: 7422:The International Jewish Sports Hall ... 7419:Siegman, Joseph M. (15 September 1906). 7412: 7378: 7354: 7352: 6924: 6716:Temp Weightlifting Men's +105 kg Results 5923:, 29 April 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2010 5625: 5495: 5392: 4924: 4687: 4354:"Japan Abandons Olympics Because of War" 4293: 4129: 4038: 3821: 3611: 3366: 3241:2010 Winter Olympics – Vancouver, Canada 2582:and to prevent its participation in the 1796:2000 Summer Olympics – Sydney, Australia 1283: 1235:controversial gold medal basketball game 932:1952 Summer Olympics – Helsinki, Finland 689: 675: 472:1912 Summer Olympics – Stockholm, Sweden 410:1906 Intercalated Games – Athens, Greece 10052: 10050: 10048: 10046: 9927: 8741:Basketball gold medal match controversy 8701:Football match between Peru and Austria 8062:"Lawmakers want Olympics out of Russia" 8059: 7974: 7896: 7724: 7686: 7452: 7418: 7384: 7358: 6053: 5659: 5471:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 5086:. Transaction Publishers. p. 183. 5032:Erythropoietin: Blood, Brain and Beyond 4989:Wilson, Wayne (PhD); Derse, Ed (2001). 4927:"Quebec's Big Owe stadium debt is over" 4321: 4319: 4279:. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 4180: 4063: 4032: 3654:"Politics no stranger to Olympic Games" 2899:1968 Winter Olympics – Grenoble, France 2649:1924 Winter Olympics – Chamonix, France 2468:and the Russian team of cheating, even 2001:men's Greco-Roman wrestling 84 kg class 1680:25 points. Louganis had been diagnosed 1280:1976 Summer Olympics – Montreal, Canada 1078:and a three-year violent conflict, the 846:for refusing to restrict itself to the 543:1920 Summer Olympics – Antwerp, Belgium 481:was stripped of his gold medals in the 10158: 8837:Ireland Summer Olympics ticket scandal 8148: 7478: 5915:IOC strips China of gymnastics bronze 5355: 5276:"'84 Olympics: Gala trumpets in Games" 5241: 5113: 5035:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 187. 4635: 4609: 4378: 4300:O'Sullivan, Patrick T. (Spring 1998). 4272: 4155: 3916: 3910: 3704:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3612:Maizland, Lindsay (17 December 2021). 3607: 3605: 3603: 3290:legislation that bans 'gay propaganda' 3064:1988 Winter Olympics – Calgary, Canada 2520:, an Algerian judoka competing in the 2490:at the Games for testing positive for 2401:International Weightlifting Federation 1801:In December 2007, American track star 1360:Canada initially refused to allow the 1125:, two black athletes who finished the 724:was not invited by Germany due to the 672:1936 Summer Olympics – Berlin, Germany 654:Finland-Sweden athletics international 9926: 9518: 8930: 8709:"Blood in the Water" water polo match 8437: 8029:"Putin Faces Green Olympic Challenge" 7994: 7968: 7942: 7845: 7839: 7771: 7680: 7654: 7627: 7607: 7601: 7576: 7550: 7524: 7498: 7472: 7446: 7349: 7253: 7203: 7174: 7168: 7153: 7025:from the original on 22 December 2016 6494: 6125: 5795:"Boxing's Big Need: Spray or Roll-On" 5496:Janofsky, Michael (16 January 1988). 5368: 4549: 3580: 3531:"Olympics' past was less than golden" 3357:2022 Winter Olympics – Beijing, China 3329:disqualified, with 13 medals removed. 3196:Three cross-country skiers, Spaniard 2933:1972 Winter Olympics – Sapporo, Japan 2567:to spy on a training session for the 2029:2008 Summer Olympics – Beijing, China 1899:2004 Summer Olympics – Athens, Greece 1765:The 1996 Olympics were marred by the 1295:New Zealand national rugby union team 1244:, also known as the Forgotten Salute. 1053:, and acted as an impetus for future 731:Under the proposal of the autonomous 435:, but was not allowed to display the 337:1896 Summer Olympics – Athens, Greece 10116: 10043: 10031: 9050:Medal table leaders by Olympic Games 8232:Ruiz, Rebecca R. (5 December 2017). 8231: 8211:Ruiz, Rebecca R. (9 December 2016). 8210: 8060:Hefling, Kimberly (15 August 2008). 8026: 7975:Roenigk, Alyssa (12 February 2010). 7897:Eskenaz, Gerald (23 February 1992). 7753:"They Said It - 02.14.72 - SI Vault" 7556: 7506:"Speed Skating 101: Olympic history" 7479:Kamins, Toni L. (23 November 1930). 7359:Kennedy, Lesley (22 December 2021). 6825:. Folha de São Paulo. 20 August 2016 6759: 6571: 6056:"Pelle Svensson: Jag blev mordhotad" 5431: 5405: 5273: 5189: 4681: 4655: 4629: 4603: 4577: 4543: 4510: 4372: 4316: 4174: 3919:"Why Grandpa boycotted the Olympics" 3872: 3846: 3789: 3769: 3763: 3262:2014 Winter Olympics – Sochi, Russia 3129:1998 Winter Olympics – Nagano, Japan 3028: 2835: 2796: 2545:2024 Summer Olympics – Paris, France 2486:was stripped of the silver medal in 2391:, but was later disqualified in the 1743:Yugoslavia had to compete under the 1463:A 1989 report by a committee of the 1301:, controversial due to the regime's 1019:was made to compete under the name " 586:1924 Summer Olympics – Paris, France 355:1900 Summer Olympics – Paris, France 7687:Weinman, Jaime (12 February 2010). 7143:from the original on 13 March 2023. 5412:Henderson, Jason (10 August 2023). 4965:"Doping violations at the Olympics" 4814: 4688:Gerstner, Joanne C. (18 May 2012). 4516: 3600: 3574: 3548: 3522: 3496: 3471: 3224:2006 Winter Olympics – Turin, Italy 3149:Canadian gold medalist snowboarder 2793:1952 Winter Olympics – Oslo, Norway 2499:2020 Summer Olympics – Tokyo, Japan 2452:gold-medal fight and the defeat of 2084:confirmed the results of the match. 1847:removed Armstrong's results in the 1829:, the father of Jones' first child. 1772:A gold medal boxing match in which 1185:competition, after Swedish athlete 1062:1964 Summer Olympics – Tokyo, Japan 574:which were defeated in World War I. 13: 8885:Canada Soccer drone spying scandal 8128:Bennetts, Marc (19 January 2014). 7817:from the original on 21 June 2023. 7453:Metraux, Julia (24 January 2022). 7059:from the original on 19 April 2020 6458:"FIFA to probe Canadian remarks". 6054:Sjöberg, Daniel (14 August 2008). 5660:Magotra, Ashish (3 October 2014). 5626:Drozdiak, William (31 July 1992). 4326:Hollandbeck, Andy (26 July 2024). 4210:, German Myth 10, german.about.com 3745:"AbeBooks: Crisis at the Olympics" 2917:time, and gave the medal to Killy. 2643: 2557:Canada Soccer drone spying scandal 2397:Iranian National Olympic Committee 2313:Russia at the 2016 Summer Olympics 2251:longest rally was just four shots. 1460:by 29 of the boycotting countries. 1003:1960 Summer Olympics – Rome, Italy 870:one of the football quarter-finals 850:rather than the island of Ireland. 331: 14: 10187: 9519: 9497:1906 Intercalated Games 8956: 8402: 7725:Jenkins, Dan (26 February 1968). 6239:Howard W. French (20 June 2008). 5713:Rowbottam, Mike (4 August 1992). 5686:Buchalter, Bill (5 August 1992). 5393:Tomizawa, Roy (5 November 2017). 5029:Sytkowski, Arthur J. (May 2006). 4610:Rieder, David (24 January 2024). 4484:Benjamin, Daniel (27 July 1992). 4379:Guzman, Chad de (8 August 2024). 4302:"Ireland & the Olympic Games" 4130:Sandomir, Richard (7 July 2004). 3529:Steelhammer, Rick (2 July 2024). 1694:Three British athletes, sprinter 1255:of the United States. During the 551:had initially been selected over 508:, heart problems, and a possible 10143: 10115: 10104: 10103: 10091: 9977: 9739: 9380:Art competitions at the Olympics 9197:lighters of the Olympic cauldron 9015:International sports federations 8635:Games of the New Emerging Forces 8373: 8347: 8322: 8296: 8271: 8245: 8174: 8121: 8109: 8097: 8072: 8053: 8020: 7916: 7890: 7865: 7821: 7797: 7718: 7706: 7608:James, Helen (3 February 2018). 7323: 7298: 7273: 7247: 7229: 7147: 7123: 7105: 7091: 7071: 7037: 7005: 6991: 6977: 6959: 6945: 6898: 6873: 6854:. 21 August 2016. Archived from 6837: 6815: 6779: 6753: 6727: 6709: 6683: 6657: 6631: 6605: 6565: 6539: 6521: 6507: 6488: 6470: 6451: 6433: 6407: 6393: 6372: 6346: 6325: 6303: 6277: 6251: 6232: 6188: 6166: 6145: 6119: 6098: 5356:Alfano, Peter (11 August 1984). 5244:"President and Pomp Begin Games" 4878:Olympics at Sports-Reference.com 4715:"1972: Rhodesia out of Olympics" 4229:, William Morrow & Co, 1988 4104:Hipsh, Rami (25 November 2009). 3853:Duncanson, Neil (17 July 2024). 3032: 2839: 2800: 2482:In December 2016, Russian boxer 1910:men's horizontal bar competition 1745:Independent Olympic Participants 1444:and the lowest number since the 1242:1972 Olympics Black Power salute 1115:1968 Olympics Black Power salute 1080:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 1076:Games of the New Emerging Forces 512:are thought to have contributed. 30: 8901:List of stripped Olympic medals 8765:Centennial Olympic Park bombing 7873:"Scandals plague Calgary Games" 7846:Lewis, Danny (18 August 2016). 7584:"1948, St. Moritz, Switzerland" 7154:Zirin, Dave (10 January 2024). 6220:David Barboza (5 August 2008). 6012: 5998: 5984: 5952: 5926: 5907: 5872: 5732: 5706: 5653: 5619: 5593: 5566: 5552: 5538: 5517: 5489: 5386: 5349: 5336: 5331:Middle East Contemporary Survey 5323: 5303: 5274:Yake, D. Byron (29 July 1984). 5267: 5235: 5163: 5133: 5107: 5073: 5049: 4957: 4941: 4918: 4866: 4836: 4792: 4781: 4756: 4725: 4707: 4424: 4398: 4345: 4266: 4240: 4213: 4200: 4181:Masters, James (31 July 2015). 4123: 4097: 3974: 3898: 3737: 3454:List of stripped Olympic medals 3172:2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal 3116:on her closest American rival, 2559:: In July 2024, staff from the 2057:in the semifinals of the men's 1845:International Olympic Committee 1767:Centennial Olympic Park bombing 704:International Olympic Committee 314:International Olympic Committee 286:. During its history, both the 9187:People who opened the Olympics 8877:COVID-19 cases at Beijing 2022 8805:One minute of silence campaign 8781:Figure-skating judging scandal 8117:International Business Times. 7254:Farid, Aminah (28 June 2024). 7175:Moses, Claire (28 June 2024), 6955:. Boxing News. 16 August 2016. 6495:Kelly, Cathal (12 June 2015). 5242:Litsky, Frank (29 July 1984). 4850:. 19 July 1976. Archived from 4824:. News.bbc.co.uk. 17 July 1976 4636:Gordon, Aaron (13 July 2017). 4431:Miles Corwin (1 August 2008). 3917:Newman, Saul (8 August 2018). 3666: 3581:DiMeo, Nate (21 August 2008). 3449:List of Olympic Games boycotts 2162:men's team artistic gymnastics 1952:Court of Arbitration for Sport 1585:, injured Puerto Rican runner 1564:men's light heavyweight boxing 1430:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 1393:which had a pushbutton on the 1102:Australian national federation 1045:collapsed and died during the 559:to host the Games, but as the 1: 10068:Postponed to 2021 due to the 9225:Olympic Broadcasting Services 8797:Death of Nodar Kumaritashvili 8789:Underage gymnasts controversy 6126:Pucin, Diane (28 July 2008). 5080:Barukh Ḥazan (January 1982). 4925:CBC News (19 December 2006). 4352:Relman Morin (14 July 1938). 3464: 3459:Olympic and Paralympic deaths 2662:. Jewtraw won over Norwegian 2530:International Judo Federation 2389:Men's over 105-kilogram class 2339:declined to review the match. 1546:organized its own event, the 1366:flag of the Republic of China 1257:American Broadcasting Company 1131:United States national anthem 598:quarter final, British boxer 431:competed separately from the 8869:COVID-19 cases at Tokyo 2020 8415:Council on Foreign Relations 7001:. SkySports. 17 August 2016. 6466:. 9 August 2012. p. 17. 6226:International Herald Tribune 5223:"Soviet pullout rocks Games" 4874:"1976 Montréal Summer Games" 4486:"Traditions Pro Vs. Amateur" 4328:"The Top 6 Olympic Scandals" 3770:Mead, Wendy (29 June 2021). 3618:Council on Foreign Relations 3347:Olympic Athletes from Russia 2968:The chosen location for the 2890:and Australian alpine skier 2621:Dutch Volleyball Association 2563:were discovered to be using 2322:During a women's volleyball 2185:men's light flyweight boxing 1536:1984 Summer Olympics boycott 1523:Australian Olympic Committee 1473:its ratio to epitestosterone 1432:, as the Games were held in 1422:1980 Summer Olympics boycott 1379:in which 80 states competed. 712:Adolf Hitler's rise to power 659:After winning the silver in 7: 10166:Olympic Games controversies 9774:1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 9204:Keepers of the Olympic flag 8908:Doping at the Olympic Games 8411:"Politics and the Olympics" 8027:Weir, Fred (11 July 2008). 7689:"Other deaths on the track" 7557:Owen, David (9 June 1939). 6517:. BBC Sport. 1 August 2012. 5933:Emma John (7 August 2012). 5688:"Moroccan Regains His Gold" 5601:"The week in review: Sport" 5333:, Vol. 8, (1983-84); p. 595 4997:. Human Kinetics. pp. 4732:Gary Smith (15 June 1992). 3884:Raleigh News & Observer 3444:Doping at the Olympic Games 3437: 2924:competitors in the women's 2687:International Skating Union 2561:Canadian Soccer Association 1942:Canadian men's rowing pair 1841:Lance Armstrong doping case 1223: 1051:performance enhancing drugs 838:boycotted the games as the 496:Portuguese marathon runner 302:performance enhancing drugs 10: 10192: 9392:Scandals and controversies 8773:Winter Olympic bid scandal 7385:Horvitz, Peter S. (2007). 3360: 3337: 3265: 3244: 3165: 3067: 3001:". Taiwan missed the 1976 2995:People's Republic of China 2757:German invasion of Austria 2548: 2510:In the wake of the global 2502: 2302: 2293: 2248:Badminton World Federation 2112: 2032: 1825:, and 100 m sprinter 1776:from Bulgaria won against 1454:University of Pennsylvania 1389:was found to have used an 1370:People's Republic of China 961:People's Republic of China 894:then awarded the Games to 526:were to have been held in 328:and gestures by athletes. 117:Scandals and controversies 10085: 10026: 9986: 9975: 9935: 9922: 9748: 9737: 9525: 9514: 9439: 9372: 9344:Pierre de Coubertin Medal 9272: 9212: 9172: 9130: 9095: 9023: 8990: 8986: 8964: 8895: 8677: 8616: 8554: 8471: 8034:Christian Science Monitor 7715:IOC, 1968 Grenoble Games. 7485:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 6721:20 September 2016 at the 6401:"SaltWire | Halifax" 5546:"Ben Johnson: Drug cheat" 4862:– via www.time.com. 4844:"Sport: A Matter of Race" 4764:"washingtonpost.com poll" 4332:The Saturday Evening Post 4076:. Sussex Academic Press. 3105:, the ex-husband of U.S. 2767:had previously withdrawn. 2431:65 kg freestyle wrestling 2380:by USA Swimming and USOC. 2232:badminton women's doubles 2187:gold medal match between 1843:On January 17, 2013, the 1550:, instead. The fact that 1299:1976 tour of South Africa 1028:men's 100 meter freestyle 957:1956 Hungarian Revolution 797:Jewish American athletes 282:is a major international 112:Pierre de Coubertin Medal 9908:2034 Salt Lake City–Utah 9354:Olympic Diploma of Merit 8252:Zayn Nabbi; Jo Shelley. 7877:Spokane Spokesman-Review 5900:20 November 2008 at the 5891:World Anti-Doping Agency 4039:Guttmann, Allen (1984). 3822:Guttmann, Allen (1992). 3371:Protest in front of the 2888:Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypecki 2427:Ganzorigiin Mandakhnaran 2373:Federal Police of Brazil 2324:qualification tournament 2285:with 13 medals stripped. 1753:United Nations sanctions 1226:Rhodesia at the Olympics 1145:1968 Soviet-led invasion 1100:, and was banned by the 977:Blood in the Water match 888:Second Sino-Japanese War 865:and kept the gold medal. 656:annual event until 1939. 7733:. No. 26 Feb. 1968 4358:The Evening Independent 4273:Schaap, Jeremy (2007). 4156:Lehrer, Steven (2006). 4014:"Nazification of Sport" 3535:Charleston Gazette-Mail 2942:and reportedly earning 2666:by a fifth of a second. 2630:Dutch Olympic Committee 2238:and one pair each from 2140:Greek Olympic Committee 1970:in Olympic-record time. 1293:In protest against the 741:Second Spanish Republic 733:Government of Catalonia 561:Austro-Hungarian Empire 350:, and was disqualified. 10176:Lists of controversies 10171:Olympics-related lists 9803:1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 9787:1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo 9482:Olympic Esports Series 9431:Participation of women 8829:Russian doping scandal 8667:World Friendship Games 6987:. ITV. 17 August 2016. 6941:. BBC. 16 August 2016. 6291:. London. 25 July 2012 5885:19 August 2008 at the 3956:Holocaust Encyclopedia 3907:. sports-reference.com 3380: 3279:2008 South Ossetia war 3041:This section is empty. 3005:Summer Games and 1980 2848:This section is empty. 2809:This section is empty. 2753:Garmisch-Partenkirchen 2136:Paraskevi Papachristou 1490:Polish gold medallist 1289: 1187:Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall 698: 687: 429:Grand Duchy of Finland 320:or South Africa under 9502:Ancient Olympic Games 9332:summer (2000-present) 9072:Incentives by country 8757:Kozakiewicz's gesture 7779:"1972 Sapporo, Japan" 5920:Sydney Morning Herald 5525:"Seoul Olympics 1988" 4410:Sydney Morning Herald 3425:human rights in Tibet 3370: 3153:was disqualified for 2779:ice hockey tournament 2090:taekwondo competitor 2065:, who finished fifth. 1717:Russian weightlifter 1495:Władysław Kozakiewicz 1287: 1098:Tokyo Imperial Palace 1047:men's team time trial 836:Irish Olympic Council 829:Franklin D. Roosevelt 710:. However, following 693: 679: 602:showed the referee a 510:electrolyte imbalance 300:, such as the use of 9038:All-time medal table 8813:LGBT rights protests 8643:Liberty Bell Classic 8080:"Human Rights Watch" 7852:Smithsonian Magazine 7833:17 June 2012 at the 6861:on 20 September 2016 6643:Egyptindependent.com 6578:Nationmultimedia.com 5972:on 30 September 2007 5769:Sports-reference.com 5560:"A Sad Day in Seoul" 5228:The Montreal Gazette 4465:on 16 September 2000 4252:The Pittsburgh Press 4070:Paul Taylor (2004). 3659:The Montreal Gazette 3561:Smithsonian Magazine 3302:2008 Summer Olympics 3254:Nodar Kumaritashvili 3185:and to Russian pair 3136:1998 Winter Olympics 2970:1976 Winter Olympics 2637:2024 official attire 2584:2024 Summer Olympics 2573:2024 Summer Olympics 2264:Magomed Abdulhamidov 2145:South Korean fencer 2138:was expelled by the 1855:from the time trial. 1849:2000 Summer Olympics 1812:2004 Summer Olympics 1724:In the final of the 1450:Liberty Bell Classic 1143:, in protest to the 1127:men's 200-metre race 735:, the newly elected 708:1936 Summer Olympics 524:1916 Summer Olympics 9929:Youth Olympic Games 9894:2026 Milano Cortina 8717:Tlatelolco massacre 8192:on 12 February 2014 8068:. Associated Press. 7310:channelnewsasia.com 6617:Bangkok.coconuts.co 6313:. CNN. 26 July 2012 5834:on 18 February 2008 5281:Beaver County Times 5252:. p. 1, 8, § 5 4616:Swimming World News 4498:on 2 September 2009 3751:on 13 February 2021 2733:Austrian and Swiss 2625:Steven van de Velde 2474:President of Russia 2122:Flag of South Korea 2017:Mikhail Mamiashvili 1726:men's 10,000 m 1583:4 × 400-meter relay 1442:1976 Montreal games 1353:—and New Zealand's 1176:Tlatelolco Massacre 1092:Australian swimmer 1043:Knud Enemark Jensen 728:region controversy. 661:equestrian dressage 596:boxing middleweight 579:football tournament 147:Women participation 8749:Black Power salute 8725:Black Power salute 8361:. 16 December 2021 8238:The New York Times 8218:The New York Times 8084:Human Rights Watch 7956:. 18 December 2018 7930:. 15 February 2002 7928:The New York Times 7903:The New York Times 7731:Sports Illustrated 7666:The New York Times 7563:insidethegames.biz 7182:The New York Times 6803:on 4 February 2017 6760:Kulkarni, Manali. 6669:M.oglobo.globo.com 6501:The Globe and Mail 6245:The New York Times 5994:. 22 January 2010. 5799:The New York Times 5744:Sports.abs-cbn.com 5362:The New York Times 5316:The New York Times 5249:The New York Times 5177:on 31 January 2013 5151:on 29 January 2013 4906:. 17 November 2006 4854:on 6 November 2012 4802:. Nzhistory.net.nz 4768:Washingtonpost.com 4744:on 6 November 2012 4738:Sports Illustrated 4734:"Pieces of Silver" 4550:Fuchs, J. (2021). 3962:on 2 February 2014 3929:on 6 December 2018 3803:. 2 September 1920 3381: 3286:Human Rights Watch 3232:Russian biathlete 3191:Anton Sikharulidze 2565:drone surveillance 2462:men's bantamweight 2326:, a match between 2256:men's bantamweight 1788:The New York Times 1732:was racing Kenyan 1668:defeated American 1649:Canadian sprinter 1601:and South African 1497:showed an obscene 1384:modern pentathlete 1290: 1247:At the end of the 1087:apartheid policies 863:German reichsmarks 775:racial superiority 764:Ernest Lee Jahncke 739:government of the 726:Memelland/Klaipėda 699: 688: 626:women's 800 meters 446:, American winner 403:indigenous peoples 380:outflow for Paris. 10131: 10130: 10081: 10080: 10070:COVID-19 pandemic 10056:Cancelled due to 10037:Cancelled due to 9954:2018 Buenos Aires 9918: 9917: 9808:1960 Squaw Valley 9510: 9509: 9327:summer (pre-2000) 9297:Songs and anthems 8924: 8923: 8669:(2024, postponed) 8627:People's Olympiad 8105:The Guardian, UK. 8041:on 22 August 2009 7785:. 2 December 2009 7668:. 26 January 1964 7512:. 6 February 2022 7055:. 24 March 2020. 7051:(press release). 6691:"Article expired" 6196:"Cuban kicks ref" 6132:Los Angeles Times 5913:Wilson, Stephen " 5694:. Chicago Tribune 5574:"The Daily Beast" 5482:978-0-313-28477-9 5382:. 18 August 2016. 5288:. p. A1, A10 5171:"Polanik English" 5042:978-3-527-60543-9 5008:978-0-7360-0329-2 4721:. 22 August 1972. 4669:. 28 January 2008 4563:978-1-5235-0838-9 4435:. Smithsonian.com 4412:. 7 December 1956 4286:978-0-618-68822-7 4056:978-0-231-05444-7 3990:. 4 December 1935 3483:MarathonGuide.com 3379:, real genocide". 3061: 3060: 2952:Skiing World Cups 2906:Jean-Claude Killy 2868: 2867: 2829: 2828: 2512:COVID-19 pandemic 2488:52 kg boxing 2450:men's heavyweight 2446:Evgeny Tishchenko 2419:Ikhtiyor Navruzov 2178:Michel Morganella 2176:Swiss footballer 2049:Swedish wrestler 1987:President of Iran 1925:Vanderlei de Lima 1708:anabolic steroids 1587:Madeline de Jesus 1572:Evander Holyfield 1465:Australian Senate 1438:Ruhollah Khomeini 1424:: U.S. President 1406:Mayor of Montreal 1387:Boris Onishchenko 1362:Republic of China 1218:of IOC president 1183:modern pentathlon 1010:modern pentathlon 965:Republic of China 842:had expelled the 788:Wolfgang Fürstner 757:Spanish Civil War 745:People's Olympiad 685:1936 Berlin Games 577:The final of the 477:American athlete 452:Wyndham Halswelle 399:Anthropology Days 284:multi-sport event 276: 275: 10183: 10148: 10147: 10146: 10139: 10119: 10118: 10107: 10106: 10096: 10095: 10094: 10072: 10066: 10060: 10054: 10041: 10035: 10000:2016 Lillehammer 9981: 9924: 9923: 9901:2030 French Alps 9883:2018 PyeongChang 9853:1994 Lillehammer 9848:1992 Albertville 9833:1980 Lake Placid 9788: 9781: 9769:1932 Lake Placid 9743: 9708:2028 Los Angeles 9652:1984 Los Angeles 9632:1968 Mexico City 9602: 9595: 9583:1932 Los Angeles 9563: 9516: 9515: 9492:Special Olympics 9447:Paralympic Games 9115:tropical nations 9005:Olympic Congress 8988: 8987: 8951: 8944: 8937: 8928: 8927: 8917: 8910: 8903: 8888: 8880: 8872: 8864: 8856: 8848: 8840: 8832: 8824: 8816: 8808: 8800: 8792: 8784: 8776: 8768: 8760: 8752: 8744: 8736: 8728: 8720: 8712: 8704: 8696: 8688: 8670: 8662: 8654: 8651:Friendship Games 8646: 8638: 8630: 8609: 8602: 8595: 8588: 8581: 8574: 8567: 8547: 8538: 8531: 8524: 8517: 8510: 8503: 8496: 8489: 8482: 8458: 8451: 8444: 8435: 8434: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8421:on 19 April 2010 8417:. Archived from 8396: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8377: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8351: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8326: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8300: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8275: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8249: 8243: 8242: 8229: 8223: 8222: 8208: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8188:. Archived from 8178: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8152: 8146: 8145: 8143: 8141: 8125: 8119: 8113: 8107: 8101: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8076: 8070: 8069: 8057: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8037:. Archived from 8024: 8018: 8017: 8015: 8013: 7998: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7987: 7972: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7961: 7946: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7935: 7920: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7909: 7894: 7888: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7869: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7858: 7843: 7837: 7825: 7819: 7818: 7813:. 7 April 2015. 7801: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7775: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7755:. Archived from 7749: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7738: 7722: 7716: 7710: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7684: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7658: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7647: 7631: 7625: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7614:SWI swissinfo.ch 7605: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7594: 7580: 7574: 7573: 7571: 7569: 7554: 7548: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7528: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7517: 7502: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7476: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7450: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7416: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7405: 7382: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7371: 7356: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7327: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7302: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7277: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7251: 7245: 7244: 7233: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7207: 7201: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7151: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7135: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7109: 7103: 7102: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7075: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7041: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7030: 7024: 7017: 7009: 7003: 7002: 6995: 6989: 6988: 6981: 6975: 6974: 6963: 6957: 6956: 6949: 6943: 6942: 6931: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6912:. 21 August 2016 6902: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6860: 6849: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6819: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6802: 6796:. Archived from 6791: 6783: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6741:. 17 August 2016 6739:Mehr News Agency 6731: 6725: 6713: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6687: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6671:. 17 August 2016 6661: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6645:. 15 August 2016 6635: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6596: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6569: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6551:Flovolleyball.tv 6543: 6537: 6536: 6525: 6519: 6518: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6492: 6486: 6485: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6464:Associated Press 6455: 6449: 6448: 6447:. 7 August 2012. 6437: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6411: 6405: 6404: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6376: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6356:. Archived from 6350: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6329: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6307: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6281: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6236: 6230: 6229: 6217: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6176:. 23 August 2008 6170: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6102: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6086:. 14 August 2008 6080: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6051: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6026:. 22 August 2004 6016: 6010: 6009: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5988: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5971: 5965:. Archived from 5964: 5956: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5930: 5924: 5911: 5905: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5850: 5844: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5820: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5791: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5775:on 18 April 2020 5771:. Archived from 5761: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5736: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5710: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5692:Orlando Sentinel 5683: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5470: 5460: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5444:. 9 January 1985 5435: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5372: 5366: 5365: 5353: 5347: 5342:Philip D’Agati, 5340: 5334: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5319:. 2 August 1983. 5307: 5301: 5300: 5295: 5293: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5259: 5257: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5193: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5173:. Archived from 5167: 5161: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5147:. Archived from 5137: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5015: 4996: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4961: 4955: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4900: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4884:on 17 April 2020 4880:. Archived from 4870: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4818: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4796: 4790: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4740:. Archived from 4729: 4723: 4722: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4581: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4530: 4523: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4494:. Archived from 4481: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4461:. Archived from 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4323: 4314: 4313: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4254:. 24 August 1936 4244: 4238: 4217: 4211: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4010: 4004: 4003: 3997: 3995: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3948: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3925:. Archived from 3914: 3908: 3905:Bertil Sandström 3902: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3886:. 11 August 2016 3876: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3747:. Archived from 3741: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3720: 3711: 3709: 3703: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3686:on 11 March 2012 3685: 3679:. Archived from 3678: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3650: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3609: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3475: 3322:Doping in Russia 3272:Doping in Russia 3234:Olga Medvedtseva 3202:Larissa Lazutina 3187:Elena Berezhnaya 3090:Nicolas Bochatay 3056: 3053: 3043:You can help by 3036: 3029: 2974:Denver, Colorado 2863: 2860: 2850:You can help by 2843: 2836: 2824: 2821: 2811:You can help by 2804: 2797: 2705:Lake Placid Club 2588:Israel–Hamas war 2522:men's 73kg class 2458:Vladimir Nikitin 2343:Islam El Shehaby 2305:Doping in Russia 2189:Kaeo Pongprayoon 2151:Britta Heidemann 2059:84kg Greco-Roman 1991:Mohammad Khatami 1975:Arash Miresmaili 1963:Irina Shevchenko 1959:Perdita Felicien 1927:was attacked by 1885:Chinese gymnast 1807:anabolic steroid 1778:Mansueto Velasco 1698:, weightlifters 1696:Jason Livingston 1657:after the event. 1548:Friendship Games 1486: 1470: 1269:West German flag 1229: 1057:at the Olympics. 1030:event, American 1017:team from Taiwan 848:Irish Free State 822:African American 665:Bertil Sandström 663:, Swedish rider 498:Francisco Lázaro 444:men's 400 metres 390:Marathon runner 344:Spyridon Belokas 342:Marathon runner 268: 261: 254: 34: 20: 19: 10191: 10190: 10186: 10185: 10184: 10182: 10181: 10180: 10156: 10155: 10154: 10144: 10142: 10134: 10132: 10127: 10092: 10090: 10077: 10076: 10075: 10067: 10063: 10055: 10044: 10036: 10032: 10022: 10021: 9982: 9973: 9972: 9931: 9914: 9913: 9793:1948 St. Moritz 9786: 9779: 9764:1928 St. Moritz 9744: 9735: 9734: 9600: 9593: 9561: 9521: 9506: 9435: 9368: 9268: 9230:Olympic Channel 9208: 9168: 9162:Olympic Stadium 9126: 9110:Winter Olympics 9105:Summer Olympics 9091: 9082:Olympic diploma 9077:Stripped medals 9019: 8982: 8960: 8955: 8925: 8920: 8913: 8906: 8899: 8891: 8883: 8875: 8867: 8859: 8851: 8843: 8835: 8827: 8819: 8811: 8803: 8795: 8787: 8779: 8771: 8763: 8755: 8747: 8739: 8733:Munich massacre 8731: 8723: 8715: 8707: 8699: 8691: 8686:Stripped medals 8684: 8673: 8665: 8657: 8649: 8641: 8633: 8625: 8618: 8612: 8605: 8598: 8591: 8584: 8577: 8570: 8563: 8550: 8541: 8534: 8527: 8520: 8513: 8506: 8499: 8492: 8485: 8478: 8467: 8462: 8424: 8422: 8405: 8400: 8399: 8389: 8387: 8379: 8378: 8374: 8364: 8362: 8353: 8352: 8348: 8338: 8336: 8328: 8327: 8323: 8313: 8311: 8301: 8297: 8287: 8285: 8277: 8276: 8272: 8262: 8260: 8250: 8246: 8230: 8226: 8209: 8205: 8195: 8193: 8180: 8179: 8175: 8165: 8163: 8154: 8153: 8149: 8139: 8137: 8126: 8122: 8114: 8110: 8102: 8098: 8088: 8086: 8078: 8077: 8073: 8058: 8054: 8044: 8042: 8025: 8021: 8011: 8009: 8008:. 20 April 2010 8000: 7999: 7995: 7985: 7983: 7973: 7969: 7959: 7957: 7948: 7947: 7943: 7933: 7931: 7922: 7921: 7917: 7907: 7905: 7895: 7891: 7882: 7880: 7871: 7870: 7866: 7856: 7854: 7844: 7840: 7835:Wayback Machine 7826: 7822: 7803: 7802: 7798: 7788: 7786: 7777: 7776: 7772: 7762: 7760: 7751: 7750: 7746: 7736: 7734: 7723: 7719: 7713:www.Olympic.org 7711: 7707: 7697: 7695: 7685: 7681: 7671: 7669: 7660: 7659: 7655: 7645: 7643: 7632: 7628: 7618: 7616: 7606: 7602: 7592: 7590: 7588:Washington Post 7582: 7581: 7577: 7567: 7565: 7555: 7551: 7541: 7539: 7538:. 25 April 2018 7530: 7529: 7525: 7515: 7513: 7504: 7503: 7499: 7489: 7487: 7477: 7473: 7463: 7461: 7451: 7447: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7417: 7413: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7383: 7379: 7369: 7367: 7357: 7350: 7340: 7338: 7335:Worldofbuzz.com 7329: 7328: 7324: 7314: 7312: 7304: 7303: 7299: 7289: 7287: 7279: 7278: 7274: 7264: 7262: 7252: 7248: 7241:NBCrightnow.com 7235: 7234: 7230: 7220: 7218: 7209: 7208: 7204: 7195: 7193: 7173: 7169: 7152: 7148: 7140: 7133: 7129: 7128: 7124: 7111: 7110: 7106: 7101:. 24 July 2021. 7097: 7096: 7092: 7087:. 24 July 2021. 7084:TheGuardian.com 7077: 7076: 7072: 7062: 7060: 7043: 7042: 7038: 7028: 7026: 7022: 7015: 7011: 7010: 7006: 6997: 6996: 6992: 6983: 6982: 6978: 6965: 6964: 6960: 6951: 6950: 6946: 6933: 6932: 6925: 6915: 6913: 6904: 6903: 6899: 6889: 6887: 6879: 6878: 6874: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6847: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6828: 6826: 6821: 6820: 6816: 6806: 6804: 6800: 6789: 6785: 6784: 6780: 6770: 6768: 6758: 6754: 6744: 6742: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6723:Wayback Machine 6714: 6710: 6700: 6698: 6695:The Japan Times 6689: 6688: 6684: 6674: 6672: 6663: 6662: 6658: 6648: 6646: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6622: 6620: 6611: 6610: 6606: 6590: 6589: 6582: 6580: 6570: 6566: 6556: 6554: 6545: 6544: 6540: 6527: 6526: 6522: 6513: 6512: 6508: 6493: 6489: 6476: 6475: 6471: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6439: 6438: 6434: 6424: 6422: 6421:. 7 August 2012 6413: 6412: 6408: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6377: 6373: 6363: 6361: 6360:on 30 July 2012 6352: 6351: 6347: 6337: 6335: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6316: 6314: 6309: 6308: 6304: 6294: 6292: 6283: 6282: 6278: 6268: 6266: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6237: 6233: 6218: 6214: 6204: 6202: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6179: 6177: 6172: 6171: 6167: 6157: 6155: 6151: 6150: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6124: 6120: 6110: 6108: 6104: 6103: 6099: 6089: 6087: 6082: 6081: 6077: 6067: 6065: 6052: 6039: 6029: 6027: 6018: 6017: 6013: 6004: 6003: 5999: 5990: 5989: 5985: 5975: 5973: 5969: 5962: 5958: 5957: 5953: 5943: 5941: 5931: 5927: 5912: 5908: 5902:Wayback Machine 5887:Wayback Machine 5877: 5873: 5863: 5861: 5851: 5847: 5837: 5835: 5822: 5821: 5814: 5804: 5802: 5801:. 4 August 1996 5793: 5792: 5788: 5778: 5776: 5763: 5762: 5758: 5748: 5746: 5738: 5737: 5733: 5723: 5721: 5719:The Independent 5711: 5707: 5697: 5695: 5684: 5677: 5667: 5665: 5658: 5654: 5644: 5642: 5632:Washington Post 5624: 5620: 5610: 5608: 5605:The Independent 5599: 5598: 5594: 5584: 5582: 5579:The Daily Beast 5572: 5571: 5567: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5544: 5543: 5539: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5508: 5506: 5494: 5490: 5483: 5461: 5457: 5447: 5445: 5437: 5436: 5432: 5422: 5420: 5410: 5406: 5391: 5387: 5374: 5373: 5369: 5354: 5350: 5341: 5337: 5328: 5324: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5291: 5289: 5272: 5268: 5255: 5253: 5240: 5236: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5206: 5204: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5180: 5178: 5169: 5168: 5164: 5154: 5152: 5139: 5138: 5134: 5124: 5122: 5120:Bleacher Report 5112: 5108: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5078: 5074: 5069:. 31 July 1980. 5055: 5054: 5050: 5043: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 5009: 4987: 4983: 4973: 4971: 4963: 4962: 4958: 4946: 4942: 4932: 4930: 4923: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4902: 4901: 4897: 4887: 4885: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4857: 4855: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4827: 4825: 4820: 4819: 4815: 4805: 4803: 4798: 4797: 4793: 4786: 4782: 4772: 4770: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4747: 4745: 4730: 4726: 4713: 4712: 4708: 4698: 4696: 4686: 4682: 4672: 4670: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4634: 4630: 4620: 4618: 4608: 4604: 4594: 4592: 4583: 4582: 4578: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4548: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4521: 4517:Schantz, Otto. 4515: 4511: 4501: 4499: 4482: 4478: 4468: 4466: 4453: 4452: 4448: 4438: 4436: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4413: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4377: 4373: 4363: 4361: 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4324: 4317: 4306:History Ireland 4298: 4294: 4287: 4271: 4267: 4257: 4255: 4246: 4245: 4241: 4219:Rick Shenkman, 4218: 4214: 4205: 4201: 4191: 4189: 4179: 4175: 4168: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4128: 4124: 4114: 4112: 4102: 4098: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4068: 4064: 4057: 4037: 4033: 4023: 4021: 4012: 4011: 4007: 3993: 3991: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3950: 3949: 3942: 3932: 3930: 3915: 3911: 3903: 3899: 3889: 3887: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3863: 3861: 3851: 3847: 3840: 3820: 3816: 3806: 3804: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3780: 3778: 3768: 3764: 3754: 3752: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3728: 3726: 3722: 3721: 3714: 3697: 3696: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3676: 3674:"Archived copy" 3672: 3671: 3667: 3652: 3651: 3632: 3622: 3620: 3610: 3601: 3591: 3589: 3579: 3575: 3565: 3563: 3553: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3527: 3523: 3513: 3511: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3487: 3485: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3440: 3421:Uighur Genocide 3377:Artificial snow 3373:Chinese embassy 3365: 3359: 3342: 3336: 3326:Richard McLaren 3274: 3266:Main articles: 3264: 3252:Georgian luger 3249: 3243: 3226: 3183:David Pelletier 3174: 3164: 3151:Ross Rebagliati 3131: 3112:, arranged for 3099: 3082: 3072: 3066: 3057: 3051: 3048: 3027: 3014:Olympic Village 2987: 2972:was originally 2965: 2935: 2901: 2883: 2873: 2864: 2858: 2855: 2834: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2795: 2774: 2748: 2739:ski instructors 2730: 2696: 2673: 2660:Charles Jewtraw 2651: 2646: 2644:Winter Olympics 2608:, naming in it 2553: 2547: 2507: 2501: 2319: 2298: 2292: 2260:Satoshi Shimizu 2117: 2111: 2055:Andrea Minguzzi 2037: 2031: 1973:Iranian judoka 1916:releases and a 1901: 1876:pseudoephedrine 1872:Andreea Răducan 1833:Lance Armstrong 1798: 1762: 1738:Hammou Boutayeb 1734:Richard Chelimo 1719:Ibragim Samadov 1691: 1675:American diver 1619: 1593:In the women's 1581:In the women's 1532: 1521:. In 2015, the 1484: 1468: 1446:1960 Rome games 1418: 1377:1960 Rome Games 1282: 1273:Washington Post 1209:Black September 1205:Munich massacre 1200: 1111: 1064: 1041:Danish cyclist 1034:and Australian 1005: 944: 934: 917: 879: 784:Gretel Bergmann 773:'s ideology of 674: 645:Sigfrid Edström 635: 621: 612:Manolo Gallardo 588: 545: 519: 502:Heat exhaustion 491:Hugo Wieslander 474: 457:William Robbins 425: 412: 387: 357: 339: 334: 332:Summer Olympics 272: 12: 11: 5: 10189: 10179: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10153: 10152: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10125: 10113: 10101: 10086: 10083: 10082: 10079: 10078: 10074: 10073: 10061: 10042: 10029: 10028: 10027: 10024: 10023: 10020: 10019: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9995:2012 Innsbruck 9991: 9990: 9988: 9984: 9983: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9970: 9963: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9944:2010 Singapore 9940: 9939: 9937: 9933: 9932: 9920: 9919: 9916: 9915: 9912: 9911: 9904: 9897: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9873:2010 Vancouver 9870: 9865: 9863:2002 Salt Lake 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9828:1976 Innsbruck 9825: 9820: 9815: 9813:1964 Innsbruck 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9783: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9755: 9754: 9752: 9746: 9745: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9732: 9725: 9718: 9711: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9662:1992 Barcelona 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9617:1956 Melbourne 9614: 9609: 9604: 9597: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9578:1928 Amsterdam 9575: 9570: 9565: 9558: 9556:1912 Stockholm 9553: 9548: 9546:1904 St. Louis 9543: 9538: 9532: 9531: 9529: 9523: 9522: 9512: 9511: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9478: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9449: 9443: 9441: 9437: 9436: 9434: 9433: 9428: 9427: 9426: 9421: 9411: 9410: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9389: 9388: 9387: 9376: 9374: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9366: 9361: 9359:Olympic Laurel 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9340: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9305: 9304: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9278: 9276: 9270: 9269: 9267: 9266: 9261: 9260: 9259: 9254: 9246: 9241: 9240: 9239: 9238: 9237: 9227: 9216: 9214: 9210: 9209: 9207: 9206: 9201: 9200: 9199: 9189: 9184: 9178: 9176: 9170: 9169: 9167: 9166: 9165: 9164: 9159: 9149: 9148: 9147: 9136: 9134: 9128: 9127: 9125: 9124: 9123: 9122: 9117: 9107: 9101: 9099: 9093: 9092: 9090: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9063: 9062: 9052: 9047: 9046: 9045: 9035: 9029: 9027: 9021: 9020: 9018: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8996: 8994: 8984: 8983: 8981: 8980: 8973: 8970:Olympic sports 8965: 8962: 8961: 8954: 8953: 8946: 8939: 8931: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8918: 8911: 8904: 8896: 8893: 8892: 8890: 8889: 8881: 8873: 8865: 8857: 8849: 8841: 8833: 8831:(2015–present) 8825: 8817: 8809: 8801: 8793: 8785: 8777: 8769: 8761: 8753: 8745: 8737: 8729: 8721: 8713: 8705: 8697: 8689: 8681: 8679: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8671: 8663: 8659:Goodwill Games 8655: 8647: 8639: 8631: 8622: 8620: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8610: 8603: 8596: 8589: 8582: 8575: 8568: 8560: 8558: 8552: 8551: 8549: 8548: 8539: 8532: 8525: 8518: 8511: 8504: 8497: 8490: 8483: 8475: 8473: 8469: 8468: 8461: 8460: 8453: 8446: 8438: 8432: 8431: 8404: 8403:External links 8401: 8398: 8397: 8372: 8346: 8321: 8295: 8270: 8244: 8224: 8203: 8173: 8162:. 13 July 2013 8147: 8120: 8108: 8096: 8071: 8052: 8019: 7993: 7967: 7941: 7915: 7889: 7864: 7838: 7820: 7796: 7770: 7759:on 9 June 2009 7744: 7717: 7705: 7679: 7653: 7626: 7600: 7575: 7549: 7523: 7497: 7471: 7445: 7431: 7411: 7397: 7377: 7348: 7322: 7297: 7272: 7246: 7228: 7217:. 29 June 2024 7202: 7167: 7146: 7122: 7104: 7090: 7070: 7036: 7004: 6990: 6976: 6958: 6944: 6923: 6897: 6872: 6836: 6814: 6778: 6766:Lawinsport.com 6752: 6726: 6708: 6682: 6656: 6630: 6604: 6564: 6538: 6520: 6506: 6487: 6469: 6450: 6432: 6406: 6392: 6371: 6345: 6324: 6302: 6276: 6265:. 25 July 2012 6250: 6231: 6212: 6187: 6165: 6144: 6118: 6097: 6075: 6037: 6011: 6008:. Brasil 2016. 5997: 5983: 5951: 5925: 5906: 5871: 5859:New York Times 5845: 5812: 5786: 5756: 5731: 5705: 5675: 5652: 5618: 5607:. 31 July 1992 5592: 5565: 5551: 5537: 5516: 5503:New York Times 5488: 5481: 5455: 5430: 5404: 5385: 5367: 5348: 5335: 5322: 5302: 5266: 5234: 5214: 5203:. 25 July 2015 5188: 5162: 5145:Living.msn.com 5132: 5106: 5092: 5072: 5067:Ocala, Florida 5048: 5041: 5021: 5007: 4981: 4956: 4940: 4917: 4895: 4865: 4835: 4813: 4791: 4780: 4755: 4724: 4706: 4680: 4654: 4628: 4602: 4576: 4562: 4542: 4509: 4476: 4455:"SI Flashback" 4446: 4423: 4397: 4371: 4344: 4315: 4292: 4285: 4265: 4239: 4212: 4199: 4173: 4166: 4148: 4136:New York Times 4122: 4096: 4082: 4062: 4055: 4031: 4005: 3987:New York Times 3973: 3940: 3909: 3897: 3871: 3845: 3838: 3814: 3788: 3762: 3736: 3712: 3665: 3630: 3599: 3587:Slate Magazine 3573: 3547: 3521: 3495: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3434: 3428: 3413:United Kingdom 3398: 3361:Main article: 3358: 3355: 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2503:Main article: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2495: 2492:tuaminoheptane 2480: 2477:Vladimir Putin 2454:Michael Conlan 2434: 2411: 2404: 2393:clean and jerk 2381: 2350: 2340: 2320: 2309:McLaren Report 2294:Main article: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2279: 2252: 2228: 2205: 2181: 2174: 2166:Kōhei Uchimura 2158: 2143: 2125: 2113:Main article: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2085: 2081: 2066: 2051:Ara Abrahamian 2047: 2033:Main article: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2025: 2013:Ara Abrahamian 2005:Alexei Michine 1997:Pelle Svensson 1994: 1971: 1955: 1940: 1936: 1921: 1906:Code of Points 1900: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1883: 1868: 1856: 1830: 1827:Tim Montgomery 1797: 1794: 1793: 1792: 1770: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1741: 1722: 1715: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1673: 1658: 1647: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1606: 1591: 1579: 1566:match between 1560: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1508: 1499:bras d'honneur 1488: 1461: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1399: 1380: 1373: 1358: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1276: 1264: 1249:men's Marathon 1245: 1238: 1231: 1220:Avery Brundage 1212: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1179: 1168: 1149:Czechoslovakia 1141:Věra Čáslavská 1138: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1104:for ten years. 1090: 1083: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1039: 1024: 1013: 1004: 1001: 1000: 999: 992: 980: 968: 943: 940: 939: 938: 933: 930: 929: 928: 925: 920:The two major 916: 913: 912: 911: 878: 875: 874: 873: 866: 859:Arie van Vliet 851: 832: 814: 811:Ralph Metcalfe 803:Marty Glickman 795: 767: 760: 729: 719: 673: 670: 669: 668: 657: 634: 631: 630: 629: 620: 617: 616: 615: 592: 587: 584: 583: 582: 575: 572:Central Powers 568: 567:in April 1919. 544: 541: 540: 539: 518: 515: 514: 513: 494: 473: 470: 469: 468: 448:John Carpenter 440: 433:Russian Empire 424: 421: 420: 419: 416:Peter O'Connor 411: 408: 407: 406: 396: 392:Frederick Lorz 386: 383: 382: 381: 376:, which was a 368:gold medalist 356: 353: 352: 351: 338: 335: 333: 330: 274: 273: 271: 270: 263: 256: 248: 245: 244: 243: 242: 237: 229: 228: 224: 223: 222: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 188: 187: 186:Regional games 183: 182: 181: 180: 175: 170: 165: 157: 156: 152: 151: 150: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 41: 40: 36: 35: 27: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10188: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10163: 10161: 10151: 10141: 10140: 10137: 10124: 10123: 10114: 10112: 10111: 10102: 10100: 10099: 10088: 10087: 10084: 10071: 10065: 10059: 10053: 10051: 10049: 10047: 10040: 10034: 10030: 10025: 10018: 10017: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10005:2020 Lausanne 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9992: 9989: 9985: 9980: 9969: 9968: 9964: 9962: 9961: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9941: 9938: 9934: 9930: 9925: 9921: 9910: 9909: 9905: 9903: 9902: 9898: 9896: 9895: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9838:1984 Sarajevo 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9818:1968 Grenoble 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9784: 9782: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9759:1924 Chamonix 9757: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9747: 9742: 9731: 9730: 9726: 9724: 9723: 9719: 9717: 9716: 9715:2032 Brisbane 9712: 9710: 9709: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9642:1976 Montreal 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9612:1952 Helsinki 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9598: 9596: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9524: 9520:Olympic Games 9517: 9513: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9452: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9444: 9442: 9438: 9432: 9429: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9416: 9415: 9412: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9394: 9393: 9390: 9386: 9383: 9382: 9381: 9378: 9377: 9375: 9371: 9365: 9364:Olympic Order 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9324: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9303: 9300: 9299: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9279: 9277: 9275: 9271: 9265: 9262: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9249: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9236: 9233: 9232: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9221: 9218: 9217: 9215: 9211: 9205: 9202: 9198: 9195: 9194: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9179: 9177: 9175: 9171: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9154: 9153: 9150: 9146: 9143: 9142: 9141: 9138: 9137: 9135: 9133: 9129: 9121: 9120:country codes 9118: 9116: 9113: 9112: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9102: 9100: 9098: 9094: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9061: 9058: 9057: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9044: 9041: 9040: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9022: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8989: 8985: 8979: 8978: 8974: 8972: 8971: 8967: 8966: 8963: 8959: 8958:Olympic Games 8952: 8947: 8945: 8940: 8938: 8933: 8932: 8929: 8916: 8912: 8909: 8905: 8902: 8898: 8897: 8894: 8886: 8882: 8878: 8874: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8838: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8822: 8818: 8814: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8798: 8794: 8790: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8750: 8746: 8742: 8738: 8734: 8730: 8726: 8722: 8718: 8714: 8710: 8706: 8702: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8687: 8683: 8682: 8680: 8676: 8668: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8623: 8621: 8615: 8608: 8604: 8601: 8597: 8594: 8590: 8587: 8583: 8580: 8576: 8573: 8569: 8566: 8562: 8561: 8559: 8557: 8553: 8546: 8545: 8544:2024 (summer) 8540: 8537: 8536:2022 (winter) 8533: 8530: 8529:2020 (summer) 8526: 8523: 8522:2018 (winter) 8519: 8516: 8515:2016 (summer) 8512: 8509: 8508:2014 (winter) 8505: 8502: 8501:2012 (summer) 8498: 8495: 8494:2010 (winter) 8491: 8488: 8487:2008 (summer) 8484: 8481: 8480:1988 (winter) 8477: 8476: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8459: 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Sports 6416: 6410: 6402: 6396: 6381: 6375: 6359: 6355: 6349: 6334: 6328: 6312: 6306: 6290: 6286: 6280: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6246: 6242: 6235: 6227: 6223: 6216: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6175: 6169: 6154: 6148: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6107: 6101: 6085: 6079: 6063: 6062: 6057: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6025: 6021: 6015: 6007: 6001: 5993: 5987: 5968: 5961: 5955: 5940: 5936: 5929: 5922: 5921: 5916: 5910: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5881: 5875: 5860: 5856: 5849: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5819: 5817: 5800: 5796: 5790: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5745: 5741: 5735: 5720: 5716: 5709: 5693: 5689: 5682: 5680: 5663: 5656: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5622: 5606: 5602: 5596: 5581: 5580: 5575: 5569: 5561: 5555: 5547: 5541: 5526: 5520: 5505: 5504: 5499: 5492: 5484: 5478: 5474: 5469: 5468: 5459: 5443: 5440: 5434: 5419: 5415: 5408: 5400: 5399:The Olympians 5396: 5389: 5381: 5377: 5371: 5363: 5359: 5352: 5345: 5339: 5332: 5326: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5306: 5299: 5287: 5283: 5282: 5277: 5270: 5263: 5251: 5250: 5245: 5238: 5231:. 9 May 1984. 5230: 5229: 5224: 5218: 5202: 5198: 5192: 5176: 5172: 5166: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5136: 5121: 5117: 5110: 5095: 5093:9781412829953 5089: 5085: 5084: 5076: 5068: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5052: 5044: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5025: 5010: 5004: 5000: 4995: 4994: 4985: 4970: 4969:The Economist 4966: 4960: 4954: 4953:9780521358590 4950: 4944: 4928: 4921: 4905: 4899: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4869: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4823: 4817: 4801: 4795: 4789: 4784: 4769: 4765: 4759: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4728: 4720: 4716: 4710: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4668: 4664: 4663:"Dawn Fraser" 4658: 4643: 4639: 4632: 4617: 4613: 4606: 4591:. 12 May 2020 4590: 4586: 4580: 4565: 4559: 4555: 4554: 4546: 4531:on 5 May 2013 4527: 4520: 4513: 4497: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4480: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4450: 4434: 4427: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4386: 4382: 4375: 4359: 4355: 4348: 4333: 4329: 4322: 4320: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4296: 4288: 4282: 4278: 4277: 4269: 4253: 4249: 4243: 4236: 4235:0-688-06580-5 4232: 4228: 4224: 4223: 4216: 4209: 4206:Hyde Flippo, 4203: 4188: 4184: 4177: 4169: 4167:9780786423934 4163: 4159: 4152: 4137: 4133: 4126: 4111: 4107: 4100: 4085: 4083:1-903900-88-3 4079: 4075: 4074: 4066: 4058: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4043: 4035: 4019: 4015: 4009: 4002: 3989: 3988: 3983: 3977: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3945: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3913: 3906: 3901: 3885: 3881: 3875: 3860: 3856: 3849: 3841: 3839:0-252-01701-3 3835: 3831: 3827: 3826: 3818: 3802: 3798: 3792: 3777: 3773: 3766: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3725: 3719: 3717: 3707: 3701: 3682: 3675: 3669: 3662:. 9 May 1984. 3661: 3660: 3655: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3619: 3615: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3588: 3584: 3577: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3536: 3532: 3525: 3510:. 15 May 2008 3509: 3505: 3499: 3484: 3480: 3474: 3470: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3417:United States 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3351: 3348: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3327: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3295: 3294:rainbow flags 3291: 3287: 3283: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3235: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3218: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3206:Olga Danilova 3203: 3200:and Russians 3199: 3195: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3169: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3132: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3110:Tonya Harding 3108: 3107:figure skater 3104: 3103:Jeff Gillooly 3101: 3100: 3091: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3055: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2966: 2956: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2936: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2904:French skier 2903: 2902: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2884: 2875: 2874: 2862: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2842: 2838: 2837: 2823: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2803: 2799: 2798: 2787: 2783: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2749: 2740: 2736: 2735:alpine skiers 2732: 2731: 2722: 2721:Clas Thunberg 2717: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2697: 2688: 2683: 2682:Bernt Evensen 2679: 2678:Irving Jaffee 2675: 2674: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2616:among others. 2615: 2611: 2610:J. 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Rowling 2607: 2606:cyberbullying 2603: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2552: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2518:Fethi Nourine 2516: 2513: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2385:Behdad Salimi 2382: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2297: 2284: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2213:United States 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2118: 2116: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2039: 2038: 2036: 2023: 2022:Swedish krona 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1969: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1934: 1931:Irish priest 1930: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1902: 1893: 1888: 1887:Dong Fangxiao 1884: 1881: 1880:Simona Amânar 1877: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1865:Annika Reeder 1861: 1860:Allana Slater 1857: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1816:BALCO scandal 1813: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1799: 1790: 1789: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1774:Daniel Petrov 1771: 1768: 1764: 1763: 1754: 1750: 1749:Yugoslav Wars 1746: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1704:Andrew Saxton 1701: 1700:Andrew Davies 1697: 1693: 1692: 1683: 1678: 1677:Greg Louganis 1674: 1671: 1670:Roy Jones Jr. 1667: 1663: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1512:triple jumper 1509: 1505: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1466: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1398:disqualified. 1396: 1392: 1388: 1385: 1381: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1286: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1253:Frank Shorter 1250: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1221: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1201: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1006: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 978: 973: 969: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 945: 936: 935: 926: 923: 919: 918: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 880: 871: 867: 864: 860: 857:fouled Dutch 856: 852: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 830: 827: 823: 819: 815: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 793: 789: 785: 781: 776: 772: 768: 765: 761: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 737:Popular Front 734: 730: 727: 723: 720: 717: 713: 709: 705: 702:In 1931, the 701: 700: 696: 692: 686: 682: 678: 666: 662: 658: 655: 650: 646: 641: 637: 636: 627: 623: 622: 613: 609: 608:Roger Brousse 605: 601: 597: 593: 590: 589: 580: 576: 573: 569: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 547: 546: 537: 533: 532:German Empire 529: 525: 521: 520: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 475: 466: 462: 458: 453: 449: 445: 441: 438: 434: 430: 427: 426: 417: 414: 413: 404: 400: 397: 393: 389: 388: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 358: 349: 345: 341: 340: 329: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 293: 289: 285: 281: 280:Olympic Games 269: 264: 262: 257: 255: 250: 249: 247: 246: 241: 238: 236: 233: 232: 231: 230: 227:Defunct games 226: 225: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 209:Mediterranean 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 191: 190: 189: 185: 184: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 160: 159: 158: 154: 153: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 78: 75: 73: 70: 68: 65: 63: 60: 58: 55: 53: 50: 48: 45: 44: 43: 42: 38: 37: 33: 29: 28: 25: 24:Olympic Games 22: 21: 18: 16: 10121: 10109: 10089: 10064: 10058:World War II 10033: 10014: 10010:2024 Gangwon 9965: 9958: 9949:2014 Nanjing 9906: 9899: 9892: 9888:2022 Beijing 9843:1988 Calgary 9823:1972 Sapporo 9780:1940 Sapporo 9727: 9720: 9713: 9706: 9682:2008 Beijing 9667:1996 Atlanta 9568:1920 Antwerp 9475:Pan-American 9451:Continental 9397:antisemitism 9391: 9244:Social media 9192:Torch relays 9182:Olympic Mass 9087:Olive wreath 9010:IOC meetings 8975: 8968: 8695:(since 1968) 8619:competitions 8542: 8464: 8423:. 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