458:. A referendum held on 21 February in both countries confirmed the creation of the new state. Under the Constitution of 1958, anyone who held Syrian or Egyptian nationality was considered a national of the United Arab Republic. Weighing the Egyptian Law 391 and Syrian nationality laws of 1953, as amended to 1957, the State Council conferred the nationality of the United Arab Republic upon anyone who had nationality under those statutes. Law 82 of 22 June 1958 adopted the same conditions for obtaining nationality as in the 1956 Egyptian statute, substituting nationality of the United Arab Republic for Egyptian nationality throughout the text. However, prior to the dissolution of the union on 28 September 1961, Egyptian women married to Syrian men did not lose their nationality and were able to pass their nationality on to their children. Syria withdrew from the union, declaring its independence in 1961, but Egypt continued using the name United Arab Republic until 2 September 1971. The Nationality Law of the United Arab Republic remained in effect except that children born to an Egyptian national and her Syrian husband were not considered to be Egyptian after 1961.
398:
if the child was born in Egypt. Under
Article 11, it allowed anyone born in Egypt to opt for Egyptian nationality by decree within one year of attaining majority, if any other nationality was repudiated. Foreign women unconditionally acquired nationality from a native-born Egyptian spouse, and by choice upon his naturalization. If an Egyptian woman married a foreigner, which resulted in her acquiring foreign nationality, she lost her Egyptian nationality. The law allowed naturalization former Ottoman subjects, providing they lived in Egypt by 5 November 1914, but required a five-year residency for former Ottomans who had not lived in Egypt previous to that date. The law was revised on 27 February 1929 (Law 19) adding a provision that a child could derive their mother's nationality if the father was unknown. Many of the
376:, Article 102, former Ottoman (Turkish) subjects resident in Egypt were denaturalized by Turkey and automatically acquired Egyptian nationality unless they were absent from the territory on 18 December 1914. Articles 103–105 provided that Turkish subjects who began residing after that date could apply for naturalization, if they were of legal age and of similar ethnicity to the majority population in Egypt. Naturalization of a man automatically covered his wife and minor children. British protectorates, in 1914, were considered to be foreign territories lacking an internal government. When Britain extended this status over a territory, it took responsibility for both internal and external administration, including defense and foreign relations. Indigenous persons who were born in a protectorate were known as
28:
360:
born on ships in
Ottoman waters. It also introduced in Article 6 that foreign wives who acquired nationality by marriage could repatriate to their original nationality upon termination of the marriage; in Article 7 that foreign wives could only naturalize with their foreign husbands; and in Article 19 that women derived the nationality of their husband upon marriage. From 1909, Ottoman subjects were allowed to denaturalize with permission of the authorities, but doing so would result in banishment from the empire. Ottoman Rule ended on 5 November 1914 and a
194:; failure to perform military obligations; performing actions indicating one is a national of another state; committing serious crimes, disloyal acts, or crimes against the state or state security; residing abroad without authorization; or for fraud, misrepresentation, or concealment in a naturalization petition. Some of the provisions for denaturalization depend upon the length of time one has been naturalized and others have neither a time limit, nor make distinction between native born or naturalized individuals in loss of nationality.
467:
the government to amend nationality laws. On 29 May 1975, new legislation, Law 26, was adopted concerning
Egyptian nationality. While retaining the provisions for derivative nationality in the 1958 law, the statute additionally stipulated that Egyptians were inhabitants of Egypt prior to 5 November 1914 who still lived in the country in 1975 and did not have other nationality; those who became nationals under Law 391 of 1956; and persons who were nationals of the
6167:
4581:
6177:
351:
the domestic obligations and rights of citizenship. It described who was a subject, owing allegiance, and made provisions for wives, children, emigrants and immigrants. Under its terms, children derived nationality from their fathers, foreigners born in the territory could acquire nationality at majority, and foreigners born elsewhere could obtain nationality after five years residency within the imperial realm. Specific provisions included that
356:
births were unregistered, were all considered to be
Ottoman. Foreign women acquired Ottoman nationality through marriage, but could return to their original nationality upon the death of their spouse. Nationality could also be granted based on special contribution or service to the nation. Dual nationality was permitted, but was discouraged, as the government could choose not to recognize naturalization of an Ottoman subject by another state.
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6197:
480:
requesting that the
Constitutional Court reject the appeal. In turn, the Constitutional Court requested evaluation of the constitutionality of the 1975 law by the State Commissioner's Authority. The Authority's report concluded that Articles 2 and 3, which limited a child's ability to derive nationality from its mother were unconstitutional. The
485:
retroactively. However, there was a one-year limit from the date of passage of the law on automatically deriving maternal nationality. After that year, until further change was made in 2014, only children born after 2004 could automatically derive nationality maternally without the agreement of the
Minister of the Interior.
415:
majority. The 1950 statute also provided for the first time that marriage did not automatically change a woman's nationality. Under its provisions, she had to consent to acquiring her husband's status, wait two years after the marriage, and obtain the approval of the
Ministry of the Interior to naturalize. Following the
484:
concurred that the articles were unconstitutional in their 2004 ruling. Based on that ruling, Law 154 was passed on 14 July 2004 amending the 1975 Nationality Law. The amendment granted children born to
Egyptian mothers equal provisions to derive nationality from either parent, and was made effective
397:
Egypt declared its independence on 15 March 1922 and passed its first nationality law as an independent state on 26 May 1926. Under its terms, nationality derived from a father who was
Egyptian or from a foreign father who was born in Egypt, and was either Muslim or from a country which spoke Arabic,
488:
In 2009, the
Supreme Administrative Court changed legal interpretation which denied identity documents and birth registration to persons who were not members of one of the state recognized religions, i.e. Christianity, Islam, or Judaism. As a result of the ruling, the Ministry of the Interior issued
227:
of the Ottomans. Within the Ottoman Empire, for six centuries, there was an internal organization that defined government functions for subjects by balancing religious and communal ties, weighing aptitudes and occupations without a centralized national ideology. Ottoman subjecthood was strongly tied
150:
Naturalization can be granted to persons who have resided in the territory for a sufficient period of time to confirm they understand the Arabic language, customs and traditions of the society. General provisions are that applicants have good character and conduct; have no criminal convictions; have
466:
The Constitution of 1971, for the newly renamed state of the Arab Republic of Egypt, provided that nationality was to be regulated by statute. It also had guarantees for gender equality in cultural, economic and socio-political spheres. On that basis, women's rights groups in Egypt began pressuring
359:
In 1901 Egypt promulgated its first nationality code, defining the acquisition of Egyptian nationality in its jurisdiction, though still recognizing that they were Ottoman subjects. Amendments made to the Ottoman Nationality Law in 1909 included conveyance of nationality to adoptees and to children
350:
was established by 1867, and to further define subjects of the Ottoman Empire, new nationality legislation was passed in 1869 (tâbiiyet-i osmaniye kanunnamesi, Ottoman Nationality Law). The law specified terms for the acquisition and loss of who was within the sovereignty of the empire, rather than
326:
extended into Egypt. France occupied the territory until 1801, when the French were defeated and Britain set about assisting the Ottoman Empire in regaining its sovereignty. To curb the disruptive effects of Europeans in the empire, from 1806, the Ottoman government began sending communiques to the
497:
ended, protests by women activists caused the Ministry of the Interior to issue a decree allowing children of Egyptian mothers and Palestinian fathers to derive nationality maternally. A new Constitution was adopted in 2012, stating in Article 32 that nationality was a legally protected right. The
205:
is typically allowed in Egypt since 2004, as long as authorization is given by the government; however, neither the president nor prime minister, or their immediate family members can hold multiple nationalities. Various court rulings in specific cases have also barred parliamentarians from having
384:
to the United Kingdom and were unable to exercise rights of citizenship; however, they could be issued a passport and could access diplomatic services when traveling abroad. Persons born in a British protectorate to a father who was a British national derived their nationality from their parent.
355:
discovered within the territory; stateless persons living in the empire; Muslim women, who despite the ban on such marriages, had married Persian men and the children of such a union; unregistered persons who had not been counted in the Ottoman census, either because no census was taken or their
479:
In 1997, having reached the age of majority, the son of the plaintiff in Case 3136 of 1976, appealed the ruling on his nationality. The following year women's groups began pressing for reform of the 1975 law. In 1999, the State Court Cases Authority presented an argument on behalf of the nation
343:) categorized subjects by whether they were Muslim or non-Muslim, granting different civil statuses to each. In 1863, new regulations upon protégés restricted the privileges they received in the empire and clarifying who were thereafter considered to be Ottoman subjects and who were foreigners.
414:
in neighboring countries. To address the issue, children born anywhere to an Egyptian mother and a father who was stateless or had no known nationality were granted nationality. The process was automatic upon notification of the Minister of the Interior, within one year of the child attaining
151:
good mental and physical health; can economically be self-sufficient; and have resided in the country for ten years. Egyptian nationality law does not reference whether adoptees can acquire nationality. Besides foreigners meeting the criteria, other persons who may be naturalized include:
315:), and demands from foreign powers for protection to extend from individuals to entire communities. The influence on Ottoman subjects by European powers changed the perception of these minority groups in the empire, meaning that they were increasingly seen not as Ottoman subjects, but as
498:
Constitution was amended in 2014 and retained language that nationality derives from statute, but added a provision that nationality is a right to children of Egyptian parents, closing the loophole in the 2004 amendment which made maternal derivation discretionary. On 16 July 2018 the
405:
The 1929 Nationality Law remained in place until it was repealed with the passage of Law 160 on 18 September 1950. Conditions for attaining nationality did not change overmuch, but did include provisions to reduce statelessness, which had become a growing concern. Creation of the
427:
and invasion of Egypt by British, French and Israeli forces and introduced Zionism as a reason for denying acquisition of nationality or denaturalization in Egypt for the first time. The day after the law passed, the Minister of Religious Affairs ordered the expulsion of the
244:, in exchange for paying taxes, the sultan allowed these subjects freedom of religion and guaranteed their lives, property, and rights with an understanding that they were legally entitled to less status than Muslim subjects. The pact was agreed to by the leaders of the
190:, five years must have lapsed since its termination. Nationals may be denaturalized in Egypt for having dual nationality or serving in the military of another state without government authorization; performing actions against state interests; having been a
471:. Though it allowed foreign wives to naturalize after two years of marriage to an Egyptian, there were no provisions allowing a foreign husband to obtain nationality through his wife. In 1976, a legal challenge (case 3136) was brought in the Alexandria
95:, as amended; the Egyptian Nationality Law, and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Egypt. The legal means to acquire
111:, born to parents with Egyptian nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalization.
475:
by a woman challenging the legality of the 1975 Nationality Law which denied her son Egyptian nationality because she was married to a Jordanian. The court upheld the law and denied the son Egyptian nationality.
2754:
2521:
161:
Foreign persons born in Egypt who have been a regular resident of Egypt at the time of majority can naturalize with the residency period waived if they apply within one year of reaching majority;
2257:
2047:
2962:
6016:
155:
The legal wife of an Egyptian national after two years of marriage, and upon making a declaration of a desire to acquire Egyptian nationality to the Minister of the Interior;
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foreign embassies demanding compliance with the terms of their agreements. Failing to achieve success diplomatically, in 1839, the Ottoman government issued the
206:
dual nationality. Typically, if someone acquires dual nationality and does not have governmental permission, there is no automatic consequence; however, if the
158:
Persons born in Egypt who have nationality from a Muslim country or one in which the majority of people speak Arabic and who have resided in Egypt for one year;
2410:
2649:
2247:
2686:
170:
Persons who have performed exceptional services to the nation, including as the head of a religious sect, can be naturalized without other requirements; or
537:
of tâbiiyet includes associations with allegiance, nationality, and subjecthood, or an affiliation to a sovereign, but does not translate as citizenship.
5571:
2278:
3300:
331:, in an effort to end bribery and corruption, and to create fair tax schemes and institutions to protect the basic rights of Ottoman subjects. The
99:, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as
4818:
3606:
5440:
2026:
4350:
2952:
4346:
2109:
2274:
5066:
5034:
3651:
3210:
385:
Legally protectorate status was extended over Egypt by the British in 1914 and withdrawn in 1922; however, the British crown exercised
271:
with France, the Ottoman Empire granted France control of certain Ottoman Christians, Austria control of some Ottoman Roman Catholics,
2695:
2087:
5895:
5423:
4905:
2231:. Vol. 2. Modern Egypt, from 1517 to the End of the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 113–138.
2068:"Modernisation in the Tanzimat Period and the Ottoman Empire: An Analysis of the Tanzimat Edict within the Scope of the Modern State"
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5298:
3660:
5342:
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2162:
2003:
4619:
4192:
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555:
Hanley notes that these amendments were influenced by and were very similar to provisions in the 1894 Persian nationality law.
423:
in 1956, a new nationality statute, Law 391 was promulgated on 22 November 1956. The law was passed at the culmination of the
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2342:
2317:
2236:
2207:
546:
Hanley notes the 1900 law was forgotten as into the 1920s in Egypt, acquisition of nationality was based on Ottoman statutes.
420:
186:
their nationality pending approval by the state. To reacquire nationality that has been lost whether through renunciation or
2700:. Translated by Joint Publications Research Service (English ed.). Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
2354:"Imperialism Ancient and Modern: A Study of British Attitudes to the Claims to Sovereignty to the Northern Somali Coastline"
5968:
5622:
5566:
5522:
5335:
5009:
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Persons who have invested specified monies toward the development of the nation may naturalize after a five-year residency.
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1884:
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Persons born in Egypt whose father was also born in Egypt, and has Arabic or Muslim roots, after five years residency;
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5144:
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4317:
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2510:
5748:
5411:
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2005:
African Questions at the Paris Peace Conference, with Papers on Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Colonial Settlement
303:. Over time, abuses of the system led to a virtual monopoly of foreign trade by protégés, clandestine sales of
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5758:
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3641:
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2559:
League of Nations Committee of Experts for the Progressive Codification of International Law (April 1929).
1849:[Identity in the Mirror of Law: The Status of the People in Egypt (late 19th - mid 20th Century)].
429:
332:
283:. Under the terms of these treaties, foreign powers could recruit Ottoman subjects to serve their needs as
2280:
A Collection of Nationality Laws of Various Countries as Contained in Constitutions, Statutes and Treaties
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6102:
5944:
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1901:
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183:
248:, who managed the adherents and their internal organization under the religious law of their community.
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2854:
1902:"Egyptian Citizenship Legislation, Private International Law, and Their Impact on Individual Rights"
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3245:
3044:
2822:
2309:
2284:
2035:
1954:
1847:"L'identité au miroir du droit. Le statut des personnes en Égypte (fin XIXe – milieu XXe siècle)"
288:
252:
502:
approved a bill to amend the nationality law, which was ratified on 15 August 2018 by President
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4106:
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3137:
2766:
2467:
1963:
1857:. Cairo, Egypt: Centre d'Etudes et de Documentation Economique, Juridique et Sociale: 11–38.
92:
2791:
2522:"Imagined Communities Legislated: Nationalism and the Law of Nationality in Syria and Egypt"
2494:
2443:
2405:
2225:
Dykstra, Darrell (1998). "The French Occupation of Egypt, 1798-1801". In Daly, M. W. (ed.).
2105:"Some Legal Aspects of the Formation of the United Arab Republic and the United Arab States"
131:
Children born anywhere who have at least one parent who is an Egyptian national by birth; or
6001:
5951:
5821:
4925:
4915:
4514:
4487:
4378:
3941:
2917:
2067:
503:
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455:
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272:
202:
8:
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5379:
5310:
5305:
5024:
4728:
4504:
4423:
3966:
296:
67:
35:
328:
267:, protected persons). Signing treaties with European powers, from the 1673 signing of a
5922:
5833:
5733:
5600:
5428:
5394:
5347:
5325:
5221:
5123:
4994:
4881:
4828:
4403:
3064:
2926:
2903:
2875:
2717:
2594:
2529:
2439:
2377:
2213:
2134:
1975:
448:
444:
441:
347:
276:
255:, managed the affairs of their respective religious communities and developed into the
210:
has rendered a decision on the case, the affected individual is legally denaturalized.
167:
Minor children can be automatically naturalized when their parent acquires nationality;
119:
Nationality can be acquired in Egypt at birth or later in life through naturalization.
2530:
Centre of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law at the School of Oriental and African Studies
6176:
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2142:
2126:
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2039:
2013:
1983:
1967:
1929:
1921:
1876:
1868:
451:
352:
134:
5932:
6031:
5988:
5958:
5806:
5588:
5517:
5459:
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5169:
5149:
5071:
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4718:
4701:
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3048:
2921:
2578:
2502:
2423:
2118:
1913:
1858:
336:
308:
260:
207:
187:
27:
5843:
513:
would be eligible to apply for naturalization after a five-year residency period.
6021:
5838:
5789:
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5507:
5243:
5226:
4857:
4782:
4509:
3219:
3178:
2957:
2660:
2627:
2427:
2192:. In Bauböck, Rainer; Ersbøll, Eva; Groenendijk, Kees; Waldrauch, Harald (eds.).
381:
323:
316:
87:
493:
to allow religious affiliation to be left blank in official documents. When the
6170:
6124:
5978:
5917:
5701:
5502:
5014:
4942:
4801:
4735:
4540:
4440:
3144:. Washington, D. C.: American Immigration Lawyers Association. pp. 69–70.
3092:
2632:
2468:"5. When Did Egyptians Stop Being Ottomans? An Imperial Citizenship Case Study"
2009:
508:
304:
280:
233:
3076:
2943:
2887:
2606:
2451:
2389:
2217:
2195:
Acquisition and Loss of Nationality: Policies and Trends in 15 European States
2189:
2146:
2117:(2). London: British Institute of International and Comparative Law: 346–390.
2043:
1987:
1933:
1917:
6215:
6053:
6041:
6036:
5716:
4806:
4570:
4519:
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3060:
2935:
2871:
2731:
2590:
2547:
2435:
2373:
2292:
2130:
2122:
2083:
1971:
1925:
1880:
1872:
284:
108:
3136:
United States Office of Personnel Management Investigation Services (2001).
1950:"New Attempts at Arab Cooperation: The Federation of Arab Republics, 1971–?"
389:
in Egypt until it was terminated by an Order in Council on 14 October 1949.
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5770:
5179:
4838:
4466:
2705:
2193:
1846:
399:
292:
224:
2017:
5199:
4930:
4920:
4713:
4524:
4482:
3052:
2978:
424:
100:
96:
3068:
3030:
2879:
2849:
2793:
Arab Patriotism: The Ideology and Culture of Power in Late Ottoman Egypt
2768:
Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Arab World: The Roots of Sectarianism
2381:
2353:
5248:
5206:
2598:
2560:
2551:
2296:
2252:
1979:
1949:
1496:
275:
status to British and Dutch traders, as well as specific rights to the
46:
2138:
2104:
402:
community were still denied application for the Egyptian citizenship.
6087:
5559:
2334:
2248:"Egypt's Multi-Million-Pound Citizenship to Foreigners: Who Gets It?"
534:
236:, could benefit from being subjects by agreeing to pay a tax to the
2983:"Nationality and Citizenship in a Changing European and World Order"
2815:
Quinn, Charlotte A. (2009). "Djibouti". In Esposito, John L. (ed.).
2582:
2226:
2002:
Beer, George Louis (1923). "Annexes". In Gray, Louis Herbert (ed.).
1863:
103:. Egyptian nationality is typically obtained under the principle of
4760:
4492:
4458:
3188:
3166:
104:
2838:
410:
in 1948 had led to large numbers of stateless Palestinians taking
3183:
2028:
Frontiers of Equality in the Development of EU and US Citizenship
1155:
1153:
411:
380:(BPP) and were not entitled to be British nationals. BPPs had no
251:
By the eighteenth century a political organization, known as the
191:
138:
2953:"Egypt: Sisi Approves Law on Granting Citizenship to Foreigners"
2072:
Maarif Mektepleri Uluslararası Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Dergisi
1544:
1532:
1520:
4792:
4750:
4597:
1508:
407:
300:
237:
55:
Law No. 26 of 1975 Concerning Egyptian Nationality, as amended
1150:
901:
4823:
4628:
1629:
1627:
1484:
506:. The amendment granted that foreign nationals who deposited
84:
299:
from prosecution and privileges of trade, including lowered
5236:
3171:
2167:
590:
588:
2904:"The Defence of Act of State in Relation to Protectorates"
2422:
for the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association: 277–298.
1709:
1707:
1624:
1201:
1844:
1675:
1502:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1359:
1240:
1177:
2743:(3rd ed.). Cape Town, South Africa: African Minds.
2528:. Vol. 1. London: Kuwler Law International for the
1800:
1798:
1371:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1269:
1267:
1230:
1228:
1039:
825:
823:
821:
585:
1768:
1704:
1472:
1436:
1335:
1080:
1078:
1051:
1029:
1027:
1014:
1012:
925:
687:
685:
683:
658:
656:
654:
573:
2411:
Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association
2163:"FSU Eyes Candidates to Replace Thrasher as President"
1724:
1722:
1448:
1407:
1126:
1114:
1102:
973:
808:
806:
804:
802:
765:
763:
738:
736:
605:
603:
141:
discovered in the territory whose parents are unknown.
1912:(3). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers: 272–295.
1795:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1739:
1737:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1612:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1561:
1559:
1460:
1424:
1325:
1323:
1308:
1291:
1279:
1264:
1252:
1225:
1165:
997:
949:
913:
877:
855:
853:
818:
2989:. Turku, Finland: Turku Law School. pp. 30–60.
2708:. Translation of selected text from pages 91–410 of
2273:
Flournoy, Richard W. Jr.; Hudson, Manley O. (1929).
1845:
Abécassis, Frédéric; Le Gall-Kazazian, Anne (1992).
1810:
1785:
1783:
1571:
1347:
1189:
1138:
1090:
1075:
1063:
1024:
1009:
937:
865:
840:
838:
680:
651:
615:
232:(People of the Book), meaning Jewish, Christian, or
1822:
1719:
1383:
985:
889:
799:
775:
760:
748:
733:
721:
709:
697:
600:
461:
322:In 1798, France and Britain's conflicts during the
2171:. Jacksonville, Florida. News Service of Florida.
1749:
1734:
1687:
1600:
1583:
1556:
1320:
1213:
850:
787:
639:
627:
2558:
1780:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1514:
961:
835:
668:
6213:
2685:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2526:Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 1994
2499:The Ottoman State and Its Place in World History
1395:
435:
392:
364:was established over Egypt on 18 December 1914.
223:From 1517, the inhabitants were subjects of the
127:Those who acquire nationality at birth include:
3093:"State Sanctioned Persecution of Jews in Egypt"
2326:
2078:(2). Ankara, Turkey: Maarif Mektepleri: 14–24.
1159:
2667:. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021
2272:
1490:
4613:
3204:
2327:Goldschmidt, Arthur Jr.; Boum, Aomar (2018).
2308:(3rd ed.). Haywards Heath, West Sussex:
491:Implementing Statutes of Egypt's Civil Status
367:
218:
114:
4351:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
3117:. Using only to confirm date of legislation.
2818:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
2693:
2631:. No. 697. Cairo, Egypt. Archived from
2474:(1st ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
2198:. Vol. 2. Country Analyses. Amsterdam:
1633:
2110:International and Comparative Law Quarterly
4620:
4606:
3211:
3197:
3031:"The Protégé System in the Ottoman Empire"
2406:"What Ottoman Nationality Was and Was Not"
228:to religion and non-Muslims, if they were
26:
2925:
1862:
2351:
2303:
2025:Bierbach, Jeremy B. (2 September 2015).
2024:
1947:
1713:
1478:
1442:
1418:
1120:
979:
621:
2951:Rahman, Waleed Abdul (17 August 2018).
2789:
2764:
2224:
2187:
1454:
1195:
1132:
1108:
1045:
6214:
3028:
3007:Colonial Chaos in the Southern Red Sea
2950:
2901:
2847:
2519:
2492:
2465:
2403:
2160:
2102:
2065:
1899:
1804:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1645:
1618:
1577:
1466:
1430:
1365:
1353:
1341:
1314:
1302:
1285:
1273:
1258:
1246:
1234:
1219:
1207:
1183:
1171:
1144:
1084:
1069:
1057:
1033:
1018:
1003:
991:
955:
919:
883:
859:
829:
691:
662:
594:
177:
5646:
5457:
5280:
5121:
4640:
4601:
3192:
3135:
3109:from the original on 14 February 2021
3090:
3003:
2977:
2814:
2730:
2647:
2620:
2575:American Society of International Law
2566:American Journal of International Law
2333:(11th ed.). New York, New York:
2260:from the original on 26 February 2021
2245:
1828:
1816:
1789:
1774:
1762:
1743:
1728:
1698:
1606:
1594:
1565:
1503:Abécassis & Le Gall-Kazazian 1992
1329:
1096:
967:
943:
931:
907:
895:
871:
844:
812:
793:
781:
769:
754:
742:
727:
715:
703:
674:
645:
633:
609:
579:
6196:
3218:
3100:Justice for Jews from Arab Countries
2697:Handbook of the United Arab Republic
2330:A Concise History of the Middle East
2053:from the original on 17 January 2021
2001:
1401:
1389:
1377:
529:Will Hanley, a history professor at
489:a decree modifying the 1994 law for
145:
6186:
3184:Ministry of Manpower and Emigration
2965:from the original on 16 August 2021
2710:Ob"yedinennaya Arabskaya Respublika
197:
13:
2927:10.1111/j.1468-2230.1963.tb00704.x
2760:from the original on 26 June 2021.
2650:"Report on Citizenship Law: Egypt"
2306:Fransman's British Nationality Law
1948:Bechtold, Peter K. (Spring 1973).
14:
6243:
5567:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces
3160:
2246:Farid, Sonia (1 September 2018).
2090:from the original on 26 June 2021
500:Egyptian House of Representatives
6195:
6185:
6175:
6166:
6165:
5424:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
4627:
4580:
4579:
3301:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2712:(1968) Moscow: Nauka Publishing.
2476:University of Pennsylvania Press
2175:from the original on 14 May 2021
1887:from the original on 6 June 2021
462:Republic of Egypt (1971–present)
5908:Identification card controversy
4446:Birth aboard aircraft and ships
3091:Urman, Stanley A. (June 2003).
1900:Badawy, Tarek (December 2014).
1837:
549:
540:
523:
454:announced the formation of the
295:, and extend to these protégés
4814:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt
4283:Federated States of Micronesia
3647:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
3004:Smith, Nicholas W. S. (2021).
2987:Law Under Exogenous Influences
2902:Polack, Kenneth (March 1963).
2404:Hanley, Will (November 2016).
2366:Institute of Ethiopian Studies
2228:The Cambridge History of Egypt
1906:Middle East Law and Governance
1:
5122:
3142:Citizenship Laws of the World
3010:. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire:
2771:. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire:
2665:European University Institute
2497:. In Karpat, Kemal H. (ed.).
2352:Hamilton, David (July 1967).
2103:Cotran, Eugene (April 1959).
562:
436:Pan-Arabic period (1958–1971)
393:Post-independence (1922–1958)
387:extraterritorial jurisdiction
107:, i.e. by birth in Egypt, or
5441:Twin towns and sister cities
5281:
4953:Assassination of Anwar Sadat
4564:British Overseas Territories
2694:Malyukovskiy, M. V. (1969).
2444:10.2979/jottturstuass.3.2.05
2428:10.2979/jottturstuass.3.2.05
2364:(2). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia:
2358:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
2161:Dailey, Ryan (14 May 2021).
567:
482:Supreme Constitutional Court
333:Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856
7:
5969:Vehicle registration plates
5647:
5623:Water supply and sanitation
5458:
4641:
4434:Renunciation of citizenship
3167:Ministry of foreign Affairs
2621:Leila, Reem (7 July 2004).
2418:(2). Bloomington, Indiana:
1160:Goldschmidt & Boum 2018
495:Egyptian revolution of 2011
417:Egyptian revolution of 1952
122:
10:
6248:
5628:Water resources management
3127:: CS1 maint: postscript (
3036:Journal of Islamic Studies
3029:Sonyel, Salahi R. (1991).
3012:Cambridge University Press
2985:. In Suksi, Markku (ed.).
2798:Princeton University Press
2773:Cambridge University Press
2722:: CS1 maint: postscript (
2648:Malek, Dalia (July 2021).
2200:Amsterdam University Press
1491:Flournoy & Hudson 1929
368:British period (1914–1922)
219:Ottoman period (1517–1914)
213:
115:Acquisition of nationality
6161:
5987:
5659:
5655:
5642:
5523:Impact on the environment
5513:Entrepreneurship policies
5466:
5453:
5289:
5276:
5130:
5117:
5085:
4987:
4653:
4649:
4636:
4559:
4533:
4475:
4416:
4369:
4270:
4160:
3987:
3980:
3749:
3674:
3531:
3524:
3233:
3226:
2864:American Jewish Committee
2855:American Jewish Year Book
2796:. Princeton, New Jersey:
2737:Citizenship Law in Africa
2520:Kienle, Eberhard (1995).
2493:Karpat, Kemal H. (1974).
2470:. In Maas, Willem (ed.).
2304:Fransman, Laurie (2011).
1918:10.1163/18763375-00603006
910:, pp. 100, 106, 109.
432:as enemies of the state.
430:Egyptian Jewish Community
421:Independence of the Sudan
378:British Protected Persons
374:1919 Treaty of Versailles
73:
63:
41:
34:
25:
20:
5294:Administrative divisions
4970:2011 Egyptian revolution
4911:1952 Egyptian revolution
4707:Lighthouse of Alexandria
3281:Central African Republic
2561:"The Law of Nationality"
2420:Indiana University Press
2256:. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
531:Florida State University
516:
240:. Under a pact known as
21:Egyptian Nationality Law
5498:Egyptian stock exchange
4379:Commonwealth of Nations
3177:11 October 2008 at the
3045:Oxford University Press
2843:(subscription required)
2839:Oxford University Press
2823:Oxford University Press
2765:Masters, Bruce (2004).
2573:(2). Washington, D.C.:
2501:. Leiden, Netherlands:
2310:Bloomsbury Professional
2285:Oxford University Press
2036:University of Amsterdam
1962:(2). Washington, D.C.:
1955:The Middle East Journal
372:Under the terms of the
182:Egyptian nationals can
5829:International rankings
4834:Egyptian–Ethiopian War
4193:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3098:. New York, New York:
2862:. New York, New York:
2837: – via
2790:Mestyan, Adam (2020).
2472:Multilevel Citizenship
2283:. New York, New York:
2123:10.1093/iclqaj/8.2.346
2066:Çiftçi, Yusuf (2019).
2008:. New York, New York:
1551:League of Nations 1929
1539:League of Nations 1929
1527:League of Nations 1929
1515:League of Nations 1929
340:
312:
264:
246:confessional community
5434:Terrorism and tourism
4892:1948 Arab–Israeli War
4724:Library of Alexandria
4576:Partially recognized.
3441:São Tomé and Príncipe
2466:Hanley, Will (2013).
2188:Dummett, Ann (2006).
2010:The Macmillan Company
1964:Middle East Institute
93:Constitution of Egypt
6145:World Heritage Sites
5964:Units of measurement
5419:Proposed new capital
5165:Environmental issues
4926:United Arab Republic
4819:Muhammad Ali dynasty
4515:Second-class citizen
4488:Multiple citizenship
3957:United Arab Emirates
3591:(Kingdom of Denmark)
2918:Blackwell Publishers
2848:Peretz, Don (1958).
2841:'s Reference Online
2287:. pp. 225–230.
2202:. pp. 551–586.
2190:"15. United Kingdom"
2012:. pp. 460–573.
1380:, pp. 473, 480.
1210:, pp. 277, 285.
504:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
473:Administrative Court
469:United Arab Republic
456:United Arab Republic
440:On 1 February 1958,
362:British Protectorate
273:most favoured nation
91:is regulated by the
5817:Freedom of religion
5712:Mass sexual assault
5077:Timekeeping devices
4975:2013 Rabaa massacre
4948:Egyptian–Libyan War
4505:Permanent residency
4424:Loss of citizenship
4399:Caribbean Community
3652:Trinidad and Tobago
3637:St. Kitts and Nevis
3539:Antigua and Barbuda
3172:Egyptian Government
1684:, pp. 380–381.
1368:, pp. 295–296.
1249:, pp. 277–278.
1186:, pp. 284–285.
597:, pp. 273–274.
582:, pp. 36, 134.
297:diplomatic immunity
178:Loss of nationality
77:Current legislation
68:Government of Egypt
36:Parliament of Egypt
6007:Art (contemporary)
5687:Capital punishment
5577:Telecommunications
5254:Towns and villages
5222:Qattara Depression
5035:Muslim Brotherhood
5005:Cigarette industry
4865:British occupation
4776:Crusader invasions
4746:Rashidun Caliphate
3579:Dominican Republic
3053:10.1093/jis/2.1.56
2635:on 23 October 2012
2623:"Citizens at last"
2532:. pp. 47–67.
2034:(PhD). Amsterdam:
1851:Égypte/Monde arabe
1777:, pp. 55, 71.
934:, pp. 74, 78.
445:Gamal Abdel Nasser
442:Egyptian President
348:Khedivate of Egypt
277:Republic of Venice
135:Abandoned children
6232:Politics of Egypt
6209:
6208:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6081:Football stadiums
6012:Botanical gardens
5891:Catholic dioceses
5783:Gender inequality
5707:Human trafficking
5638:
5637:
5572:Tallest buildings
5533:Military industry
5449:
5448:
5390:Political parties
5343:Islamic extremism
5331:Foreign relations
5272:
5271:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5108:
4853:French occupation
4771:Fatimid Caliphate
4766:Ikhshidid dynasty
4595:
4594:
4569:Open border with
4412:
4411:
4266:
4265:
3745:
3744:
3665:US Virgin Islands
3592:
3316:Equatorial Guinea
3151:978-1-57370-110-5
3021:978-1-108-84566-3
2996:978-951-29-0284-2
2909:Modern Law Review
2832:978-0-19-530513-5
2807:978-0-691-20901-2
2782:978-0-521-00582-1
2750:978-1-928331-08-7
2539:978-90-411-0883-8
2505:. pp. 1–14.
2485:978-0-8122-4515-8
2344:978-0-429-97515-8
2319:978-1-84592-095-1
2238:978-0-521-47211-1
2209:978-90-5356-921-4
1634:Malyukovskiy 1969
1344:, pp. 94–95.
1060:, pp. 57–58.
1048:, pp. 61–62.
533:, notes that the
452:Shukri al-Quwatli
285:commercial agents
225:Egyptian province
146:By naturalization
81:
80:
6239:
6199:
6198:
6189:
6188:
6179:
6169:
6168:
5974:Waste management
5739:Academic grading
5657:
5656:
5644:
5643:
5616:Railway stations
5594:Cultural tourism
5493:Economic regions
5455:
5454:
5278:
5277:
5119:
5118:
4788:Mamluk Sultanate
4719:Diocese of Egypt
4702:Battle of Actium
4651:
4650:
4638:
4637:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4599:
4598:
4583:
4582:
4429:Denaturalization
4318:Papua New Guinea
4303:Marshall Islands
3985:
3984:
3590:
3529:
3528:
3231:
3230:
3220:Nationality laws
3213:
3206:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3155:
3132:
3126:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3108:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3025:
3000:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2947:
2929:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2844:
2836:
2811:
2786:
2761:
2759:
2742:
2727:
2721:
2713:
2690:
2684:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2555:
2516:
2503:Brill Publishers
2489:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2348:
2323:
2300:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2242:
2221:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2033:
2021:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1866:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1793:
1787:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1747:
1741:
1732:
1726:
1717:
1711:
1702:
1696:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
857:
848:
842:
833:
827:
816:
810:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
758:
752:
746:
740:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
678:
672:
666:
660:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
598:
592:
583:
577:
556:
553:
547:
544:
538:
527:
512:
449:Syrian President
329:Edict of Gülhane
208:Cabinet of Egypt
203:Dual nationality
198:Dual nationality
188:denaturalization
30:
18:
17:
6247:
6246:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6222:Nationality law
6212:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6149:
6140:Public holidays
6130:National anthem
5983:
5896:Coptic Churches
5839:Egyptian Arabic
5749:Medical schools
5651:
5634:
5550:Nuclear program
5462:
5445:
5375:Nationality law
5368:Supreme Council
5353:Law enforcement
5285:
5268:
5244:Sinai Peninsula
5227:Red Sea Riviera
5126:
5105:
5081:
4983:
4870:1919 revolution
4858:Revolt of Cairo
4783:Ayyubid dynasty
4761:Tulunid dynasty
4645:
4632:
4626:
4596:
4591:
4555:
4529:
4510:Right of return
4471:
4408:
4371:
4365:
4328:Solomon Islands
4262:
4228:Northern Cyprus
4223:North Macedonia
4156:
3991:
3976:
3741:
3670:
3520:
3222:
3217:
3179:Wayback Machine
3163:
3158:
3152:
3120:
3119:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3095:
3081:
3079:
3022:
2997:
2968:
2966:
2958:Asharq Al-Awsat
2892:
2890:
2842:
2833:
2808:
2783:
2757:
2751:
2740:
2715:
2714:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2668:
2661:Badia Fiesolana
2652:
2638:
2636:
2628:Al-Ahram Weekly
2611:
2609:
2583:10.2307/2212861
2540:
2513:
2486:
2456:
2454:
2394:
2392:
2345:
2320:
2263:
2261:
2239:
2210:
2178:
2176:
2151:
2149:
2093:
2091:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2031:
1992:
1990:
1938:
1936:
1890:
1888:
1864:10.4000/ema.296
1840:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1803:
1796:
1788:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1750:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1720:
1712:
1705:
1697:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1660:, pp. 348.
1656:
1652:
1648:, pp. 347.
1644:
1640:
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1625:
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1613:
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1601:
1593:
1584:
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1127:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1095:
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1083:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1010:
1002:
998:
990:
986:
978:
974:
966:
962:
954:
950:
942:
938:
930:
926:
918:
914:
906:
902:
894:
890:
882:
878:
870:
866:
858:
851:
843:
836:
828:
819:
811:
800:
792:
788:
780:
776:
768:
761:
753:
749:
741:
734:
726:
722:
714:
710:
702:
698:
690:
681:
673:
669:
661:
652:
644:
640:
632:
628:
620:
616:
612:, pp. 4–6.
608:
601:
593:
586:
578:
574:
570:
565:
560:
559:
554:
550:
545:
541:
528:
524:
519:
507:
464:
438:
395:
382:right of return
370:
341:Islâhat Fermânı
324:Napoleonic Wars
317:resident aliens
301:customs tariffs
221:
216:
200:
180:
148:
125:
117:
88:nationality law
64:Enacted by
59:
56:
51:
50:
12:
11:
5:
6245:
6235:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6203:
6193:
6183:
6173:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6090:
6085:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6076:Football clubs
6068:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6051:
6046:
6045:
6044:
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6019:
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5756:
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5746:
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5726:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5672:Animal welfare
5669:
5663:
5661:
5653:
5652:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5633:
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5608:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5586:
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5584:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5555:Power stations
5552:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5503:Egyptian pound
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5473:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5437:
5436:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5407:Prime Minister
5404:
5403:
5402:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5360:
5355:
5350:
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5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5229:
5224:
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5214:
5212:Northern coast
5209:
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5187:
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4943:Yom Kippur War
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4923:
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4462:
4455:
4448:
4441:Naturalization
4438:
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4436:
4431:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4394:Nordic Council
4391:
4386:
4384:European Union
4381:
4375:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4347:American Samoa
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4258:United Kingdom
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4162:
4161:Rest of Europe
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4027:Czech Republic
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3989:European Union
3982:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
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3884:
3879:
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3551:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3506:Western Sahara
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
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3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
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3383:
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3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3296:Congo Republic
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3169:
3162:
3161:External links
3159:
3157:
3156:
3150:
3133:
3088:
3026:
3020:
3001:
2995:
2975:
2948:
2899:
2845:
2831:
2812:
2806:
2787:
2781:
2762:
2749:
2732:Manby, Bronwen
2728:
2691:
2645:
2618:
2556:
2538:
2517:
2511:
2495:"Introduction"
2490:
2484:
2463:
2401:
2349:
2343:
2324:
2318:
2301:
2270:
2243:
2237:
2222:
2218:j.ctt46n00f.19
2208:
2185:
2158:
2100:
2063:
2022:
1999:
1945:
1897:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1821:
1819:, p. 123.
1809:
1807:, p. 276.
1794:
1779:
1767:
1748:
1733:
1718:
1716:, p. 157.
1703:
1686:
1674:
1672:, p. 372.
1662:
1650:
1638:
1623:
1621:, p. 391.
1611:
1599:
1582:
1570:
1555:
1553:, p. 105.
1543:
1541:, p. 108.
1531:
1529:, p. 106.
1519:
1507:
1495:
1493:, p. 225.
1483:
1481:, p. 920.
1471:
1469:, p. 142.
1459:
1457:, p. 561.
1447:
1445:, p. 264.
1435:
1433:, p. 144.
1423:
1406:
1394:
1392:, p. 480.
1382:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1319:
1317:, p. 295.
1307:
1305:, p. 292.
1290:
1288:, p. 294.
1278:
1276:, p. 291.
1263:
1261:, p. 283.
1251:
1239:
1237:, p. 278.
1224:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1174:, p. 284.
1164:
1162:, p. 165.
1149:
1137:
1135:, p. 132.
1125:
1113:
1111:, p. 116.
1101:
1099:, p. 130.
1089:
1074:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1023:
1008:
1006:, p. 280.
996:
984:
972:
960:
958:, p. 280.
948:
946:, p. 100.
936:
924:
922:, p. 279.
912:
900:
888:
886:, p. 283.
876:
874:, p. 113.
864:
849:
834:
832:, p. 277.
817:
798:
786:
774:
759:
747:
732:
720:
708:
696:
694:, p. 274.
679:
667:
665:, p. 273.
650:
638:
626:
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584:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
558:
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548:
539:
521:
520:
518:
515:
511:7 million
463:
460:
437:
434:
394:
391:
369:
366:
305:letters patent
281:Russian Empire
257:protégé system
220:
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9:
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4:
3:
2:
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6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6002:Art (ancient)
6000:
5998:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5980:
5977:
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5909:
5906:
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5901:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5881:Blasphemy law
5879:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5849:Sign Language
5847:
5845:
5844:Saʽidi Arabic
5842:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
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5509:
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5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5482:
5481:National Bank
5479:
5478:
5477:
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5469:
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5465:
5461:
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5452:
5442:
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5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5284:
5279:
5275:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5129:
5125:
5120:
5116:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4808:
4807:Ottoman Egypt
4805:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4639:
4635:
4630:
4623:
4618:
4616:
4611:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4588:
4587:
4578:
4575:
4572:
4571:Schengen Area
4568:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4520:Statelessness
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4452:Ius sanguinis
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4405:
4404:African Union
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:organizations
4370:International
4368:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4343:United States
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4087:Liechtenstein
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3994:Schengen Area
3990:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3657:United States
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3356:Guinea-Bissau
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3153:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3089:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3043:(1). Oxford:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2916:(2). London:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2850:"Middle East"
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2763:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2657:cadmus.eui.eu
2651:
2646:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2512:90-04-03945-7
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1853:(in French).
1852:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1831:, p. 71.
1830:
1825:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1776:
1771:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1731:, p. 99.
1730:
1725:
1723:
1715:
1714:Bechtold 1973
1710:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1647:
1642:
1636:, p. 31.
1635:
1630:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1580:, p. 58.
1579:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1552:
1547:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1523:
1517:, p. 43.
1516:
1511:
1505:, p. 34.
1504:
1499:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1479:Fransman 2011
1475:
1468:
1463:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1443:Bierbach 2015
1439:
1432:
1427:
1421:, p. 69.
1420:
1419:Fransman 2011
1415:
1413:
1411:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1362:
1356:, p. 95.
1355:
1350:
1343:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1173:
1168:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1147:, p. 18.
1146:
1141:
1134:
1129:
1123:, p. 14.
1122:
1121:Hamilton 1967
1117:
1110:
1105:
1098:
1093:
1087:, p. 59.
1086:
1081:
1079:
1072:, p. 58.
1071:
1066:
1059:
1054:
1047:
1042:
1036:, p. 57.
1035:
1030:
1028:
1021:, p. 56.
1020:
1015:
1013:
1005:
1000:
993:
988:
982:, p. 12.
981:
980:Hamilton 1967
976:
969:
964:
957:
952:
945:
940:
933:
928:
921:
916:
909:
904:
898:, p. 10.
897:
892:
885:
880:
873:
868:
861:
856:
854:
846:
841:
839:
831:
826:
824:
822:
815:, p. 89.
814:
809:
807:
805:
803:
795:
790:
784:, p. 66.
783:
778:
772:, p. 69.
771:
766:
764:
757:, p. 57.
756:
751:
745:, p. 88.
744:
739:
737:
730:, p. 81.
729:
724:
718:, p. 51.
717:
712:
706:, p. 55.
705:
700:
693:
688:
686:
684:
676:
671:
664:
659:
657:
655:
648:, p. 48.
647:
642:
636:, p. 34.
635:
630:
623:
622:Fransman 2011
618:
611:
606:
604:
596:
591:
589:
581:
576:
572:
552:
543:
536:
532:
526:
522:
514:
510:
505:
501:
496:
492:
486:
483:
477:
474:
470:
459:
457:
453:
450:
446:
443:
433:
431:
426:
422:
418:
413:
409:
403:
401:
390:
388:
383:
379:
375:
365:
363:
357:
354:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
211:
209:
204:
195:
193:
189:
185:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
152:
140:
136:
133:
130:
129:
128:
120:
112:
110:
109:jus sanguinis
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
89:
86:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
53:
52:
49:
48:
40:
37:
33:
29:
24:
19:
16:
6227:Law of Egypt
6027:Coat of arms
5997:Architecture
5886:Christianity
5866:Prostitution
5812:Human rights
5771:Abaza family
5759:Universities
5724:Demographics
5677:Billionaires
5374:
5321:Constitution
5316:Conscription
5299:Governorates
5180:Halfaya Pass
5050:1954–present
5010:Constitution
4965:2010s Crisis
4877:World War II
4839:Urabi revolt
4756:Islamization
4690:31st Dynasty
4685:27th Dynasty
4585:
4551:Soviet Union
4546:Ancient Rome
4541:Nazi Germany
4467:Repatriation
4457:
4450:
4417:By procedure
3952:Turkmenistan
3907:Saudi Arabia
3471:South Africa
3456:Sierra Leone
3310:
3261:Burkina Faso
3227:By continent
3141:
3111:. Retrieved
3080:. Retrieved
3040:
3034:
3006:
2986:
2979:Rosas, Allan
2967:. Retrieved
2956:
2913:
2907:
2891:. Retrieved
2859:
2853:
2817:
2792:
2767:
2736:
2709:
2696:
2669:. Retrieved
2656:
2639:10 September
2637:. Retrieved
2633:the original
2626:
2610:. Retrieved
2570:
2564:
2550:– via
2525:
2498:
2471:
2455:. Retrieved
2415:
2409:
2393:. Retrieved
2361:
2357:
2329:
2305:
2295:– via
2279:
2262:. Retrieved
2251:
2227:
2194:
2177:. Retrieved
2166:
2150:. Retrieved
2114:
2108:
2092:. Retrieved
2075:
2071:
2055:. Retrieved
2027:
2004:
1991:. Retrieved
1959:
1953:
1937:. Retrieved
1909:
1905:
1889:. Retrieved
1854:
1850:
1838:Bibliography
1824:
1812:
1770:
1765:, p. 7.
1746:, p. 6.
1701:, p. 5.
1677:
1665:
1653:
1641:
1614:
1609:, p. 2.
1602:
1597:, p. 4.
1573:
1568:, p. 3.
1546:
1534:
1522:
1510:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1455:Dummett 2006
1450:
1438:
1426:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1337:
1332:, p. 1.
1310:
1281:
1254:
1242:
1215:
1203:
1198:, p. 4.
1196:Mestyan 2020
1191:
1179:
1167:
1140:
1133:Dykstra 1998
1128:
1116:
1109:Dykstra 1998
1104:
1092:
1065:
1053:
1046:Masters 2004
1041:
999:
994:, p. 2.
987:
975:
963:
951:
939:
927:
915:
903:
891:
879:
867:
796:, p. 9.
789:
777:
750:
723:
711:
699:
677:, p. 6.
670:
641:
629:
624:, p. 4.
617:
575:
551:
542:
525:
490:
487:
478:
465:
439:
404:
400:Mutamassirun
396:
371:
358:
345:
321:
293:interpreters
269:Capitulation
256:
250:
241:
230:ahl al-Kitāb
229:
222:
201:
181:
149:
126:
118:
83:
82:
74:
45:
15:
6191:WikiProject
5952:Scientology
5822:LGBT rights
5744:Law schools
5528:Lighthouses
5471:Agriculture
5200:Mount Sinai
5160:Earthquakes
4960:Mubarak era
4931:Six-Day War
4921:Suez Crisis
4916:Land reform
4663:Prehistoric
4525:Travel visa
4483:Citizenship
4308:New Zealand
4152:Switzerland
4107:Netherlands
3917:South Korea
3897:Philippines
3877:North Korea
3757:Afghanistan
3661:Puerto Rico
3584:El Salvador
3476:South Sudan
3361:Ivory Coast
2920:: 138–155.
2866:: 391–401.
1966:: 152–172.
1805:Badawy 2014
1682:Cotran 1959
1670:Cotran 1959
1658:Cotran 1959
1646:Cotran 1959
1619:Peretz 1958
1578:Kienle 1995
1467:Polack 1963
1431:Polack 1963
1366:Hanley 2016
1354:Hanley 2013
1342:Hanley 2013
1315:Hanley 2016
1303:Hanley 2016
1286:Hanley 2016
1274:Hanley 2016
1259:Hanley 2016
1247:Hanley 2016
1235:Hanley 2016
1220:Dailey 2021
1208:Hanley 2016
1184:Hanley 2016
1172:Hanley 2016
1145:Çiftçi 2019
1085:Sonyel 1991
1070:Sonyel 1991
1058:Sonyel 1991
1034:Sonyel 1991
1019:Sonyel 1991
1004:Hanley 2016
992:Karpat 1974
956:Badawy 2014
920:Badawy 2014
884:Badawy 2014
860:Rahman 2018
830:Badawy 2014
692:Badawy 2014
663:Badawy 2014
595:Badawy 2014
425:Suez Crisis
234:Zoroastrian
101:citizenship
97:nationality
6216:Categories
6103:Newspapers
6093:Mass media
5945:Synagogues
5913:Irreligion
5861:Literature
5856:Liberalism
5795:Healthcare
5697:Corruption
5380:Parliament
5311:Corruption
5306:Civil Code
5249:Suez Canal
5207:Nile Delta
5092:Alexandria
5062:Population
5057:Parliament
5025:Healthcare
4906:Nasser era
4680:Achaemenid
4655:Chronology
4238:San Marino
4218:Montenegro
4183:Azerbaijan
4097:Luxembourg
3962:Uzbekistan
3932:Tajikistan
3837:Kyrgyzstan
3832:Kazakhstan
3792:East Timor
3767:Bangladesh
3589:Greenland
3564:Costa Rica
3466:Somaliland
3451:Seychelles
3416:Mozambique
3401:Mauritania
3386:Madagascar
3341:The Gambia
3276:Cape Verde
3077:4644014241
2961:. London.
2944:4794706569
2888:5593458665
2821:. London:
2607:5545385674
2552:HeinOnline
2452:6883463202
2390:5545100093
2297:HeinOnline
2253:Al Arabiya
2168:News 4 Jax
2147:4669405937
2044:1030964358
1988:5547451926
1934:5712837566
1829:Manby 2016
1817:Manby 2016
1790:Leila 2004
1775:Manby 2016
1763:Malek 2021
1744:Malek 2021
1729:Manby 2016
1699:Malek 2021
1607:Urman 2003
1595:Malek 2021
1566:Malek 2021
1330:Malek 2021
1097:Smith 2021
968:Quinn 2009
944:Manby 2016
932:Manby 2016
908:Manby 2016
896:Manby 2016
872:Manby 2016
845:Farid 2018
813:Manby 2016
794:Malek 2021
782:Manby 2016
770:USOPM 2001
755:Manby 2016
743:Manby 2016
728:Manby 2016
716:Manby 2016
704:Manby 2016
675:Manby 2016
646:Manby 2016
634:Rosas 1994
610:Manby 2016
580:Manby 2016
563:References
353:foundlings
265:beratlılar
47:Long title
6098:Magazines
6088:Egyptians
5923:Ahmadiyya
5834:Languages
5800:Hospitals
5734:Education
5601:Transport
5560:Aswan Dam
5488:Companies
5429:Terrorism
5395:President
5358:Massacres
5348:Judiciary
5326:Elections
5195:Mountains
5124:Geography
5102:Port Said
5045:1939–1954
5040:1928–1938
4995:Anarchism
4938:Sadat era
4882:Sultanate
4829:Khedivate
4729:Christian
4697:Ptolemaic
4476:By result
4278:Australia
4092:Lithuania
3922:Sri Lanka
3912:Singapore
3892:Palestine
3802:Indonesia
3737:Venezuela
3682:Argentina
3642:St. Lucia
3627:Nicaragua
3602:Guatemala
3406:Mauritius
3113:15 August
3061:0955-2340
3047:: 56–66.
2936:0026-7961
2893:15 August
2872:0065-8987
2718:cite book
2671:13 August
2612:14 August
2591:0002-9300
2577:: 1–129.
2548:822567664
2436:2376-0699
2395:10 August
2374:0304-2243
2335:Routledge
2293:875321407
2152:15 August
2131:0020-5893
2084:2619-9300
1993:15 August
1972:0026-3141
1939:13 August
1926:1876-3367
1891:14 August
1881:783856657
1873:1110-5097
1402:Beer 1923
1390:Beer 1923
1378:Beer 1923
568:Citations
535:etymology
6171:Category
6135:Olympics
6071:Football
5903:Hinduism
5871:Religion
5778:Feminism
5766:Families
5729:Diaspora
5692:Censuses
5682:Cannabis
5667:Abortion
5611:Airports
5606:Airlines
5582:Internet
5385:Passport
5363:Military
5336:Missions
5283:Politics
5264:Wildlife
4988:By topic
4901:Republic
4736:Sassanid
4586:Category
4498:Internal
4493:Passport
4459:Ius soli
4389:Mercosur
4298:Kiribati
4137:Slovenia
4132:Slovakia
4122:Portugal
4012:Bulgaria
3942:Thailand
3887:Pakistan
3862:Mongolia
3857:Malaysia
3782:Cambodia
3727:Suriname
3717:Paraguay
3702:Colombia
3612:Honduras
3574:Dominica
3549:Barbados
3525:Americas
3516:Zimbabwe
3486:Tanzania
3331:Ethiopia
3326:Eswatini
3306:Djibouti
3271:Cameroon
3256:Botswana
3175:Archived
3123:cite web
3104:Archived
3069:26195448
2981:(1994).
2963:Archived
2880:23605226
2755:Archived
2734:(2016).
2681:cite web
2382:41965757
2368:: 9–35.
2258:Archived
2173:Archived
2088:Archived
2048:Archived
1885:Archived
419:and the
184:renounce
123:By birth
105:jus soli
85:Egyptian
6201:Commons
6120:Museums
6064:regions
6032:Cuisine
6017:Castles
5989:Culture
5959:Smoking
5940:Judaism
5928:Mosques
5807:Housing
5754:Schools
5660:General
5649:Society
5589:Tourism
5518:Fishing
5476:Banking
5460:Economy
5185:Islands
5175:Geology
5170:Fossils
5155:Deserts
5150:Climate
5140:Borders
5086:By city
5072:Saladin
5020:Genetic
5000:Capital
4887:Kingdom
4802:Ottoman
4668:Ancient
4643:History
4534:Defunct
4361:Vanuatu
4271:Oceania
4253:Ukraine
4208:Moldova
4198:Georgia
4188:Belarus
4178:Andorra
4173:Armenia
4168:Albania
4127:Romania
4072:Ireland
4067:Iceland
4062:Hungary
4052:Germany
4042:Finland
4037:Estonia
4032:Denmark
4017:Croatia
4007:Belgium
4002:Austria
3967:Vietnam
3867:Myanmar
3852:Lebanon
3762:Bahrain
3732:Uruguay
3707:Ecuador
3687:Bolivia
3617:Jamaica
3597:Grenada
3544:Bahamas
3496:Tunisia
3461:Somalia
3446:Senegal
3431:Nigeria
3421:Namibia
3411:Morocco
3376:Liberia
3371:Lesotho
3321:Eritrea
3291:Comoros
3266:Burundi
3241:Algeria
3138:"Egypt"
3082:27 June
2706:5297566
2599:2212861
2457:26 June
2275:"Egypt"
2179:27 June
2094:26 June
2057:18 June
1980:4325055
337:Turkish
309:Turkish
289:consuls
261:Turkish
214:History
192:Zionist
139:orphans
75:Status:
6181:Portal
6022:Cinema
5876:Baháʼí
5790:Health
5538:Mining
5508:Energy
5232:Rivers
5145:Cities
5067:Postal
4848:Modern
4793:Mamluk
4751:Fustat
4741:Muslim
4673:topics
4631:topics
4338:Tuvalu
4248:Turkey
4243:Serbia
4233:Russia
4213:Monaco
4203:Kosovo
4147:Sweden
4117:Poland
4112:Norway
4082:Latvia
4057:Greece
4047:France
4022:Cyprus
3981:Europe
3947:Turkey
3937:Taiwan
3842:Kuwait
3827:Jordan
3817:Israel
3777:Brunei
3772:Bhutan
3712:Guyana
3692:Brazil
3632:Panama
3622:Mexico
3559:Canada
3554:Belize
3511:Zambia
3501:Uganda
3436:Rwanda
3391:Malawi
3351:Guinea
3246:Angola
3234:Africa
3148:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3018:
2993:
2969:2 June
2942:
2934:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2829:
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2137:
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2082:
2042:
2018:511800
2016:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1932:
1924:
1879:
1871:
412:refuge
408:Israel
313:berats
253:millet
238:sultan
6125:Music
6108:Radio
6049:Films
5979:Women
5933:Niqāb
5918:Islam
5702:Crime
5543:Mines
5259:Wadis
5217:Oases
5190:Lakes
5135:Biota
5097:Cairo
5015:Copts
4824:Nahda
4714:Roman
4629:Egypt
4333:Tonga
4323:Samoa
4313:Palau
4293:Nauru
4142:Spain
4102:Malta
4077:Italy
3972:Yemen
3927:Syria
3902:Qatar
3872:Nepal
3822:Japan
3797:India
3787:China
3697:Chile
3675:South
3607:Haiti
3532:North
3481:Sudan
3426:Niger
3381:Libya
3366:Kenya
3346:Ghana
3336:Gabon
3311:Egypt
3251:Benin
3107:(PDF)
3096:(PDF)
3065:JSTOR
2876:JSTOR
2758:(PDF)
2741:(PDF)
2653:(PDF)
2595:JSTOR
2440:JSTOR
2378:JSTOR
2214:JSTOR
2135:JSTOR
2051:(PDF)
2032:(PDF)
1976:JSTOR
517:Notes
291:, or
242:zimma
6059:list
6054:Flag
6042:Wine
6037:Beer
5717:Rape
5412:list
5400:list
5237:Nile
5030:Jews
4355:Guam
4288:Fiji
3992:and
3882:Oman
3847:Laos
3812:Iraq
3807:Iran
3750:Asia
3722:Peru
3569:Cuba
3491:Togo
3396:Mali
3286:Chad
3146:ISBN
3129:link
3115:2021
3084:2021
3073:OCLC
3057:ISSN
3016:ISBN
2991:ISBN
2971:2020
2940:OCLC
2932:ISSN
2895:2021
2884:OCLC
2868:ISSN
2827:ISBN
2802:ISBN
2777:ISBN
2745:ISBN
2724:link
2702:OCLC
2687:link
2673:2021
2641:2011
2614:2021
2603:OCLC
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2448:OCLC
2432:ISSN
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2386:OCLC
2370:ISSN
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2314:ISBN
2289:OCLC
2266:2020
2233:ISBN
2204:ISBN
2181:2021
2154:2021
2143:OCLC
2127:ISSN
2096:2021
2080:ISSN
2059:2021
2040:OCLC
2014:OCLC
1995:2021
1984:OCLC
1968:ISSN
1941:2021
1930:OCLC
1922:ISSN
1893:2021
1877:OCLC
1869:ISSN
447:and
346:The
279:and
3049:doi
2922:doi
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