Republic of Venice

4082:, salt and spices exchanged as early as the 9th century; the testament of Bishop Orso Participazio, in which pepper is mentioned, dates back to 853. In addition to pepper, Venice traded large quantities of cinnamon, cumin, coriander, cloves and many other spices which played a fundamental role in the preservation of meat, for the flavoring of wines and for medical treatments of which Venetian medicine made a large use. Spices also include sugar, produced in Cyprus and refined in Venice and all the perfumes and incenses widely used by Venetian patricians and during religious functions. In addition to spices, the East also supplied precious stones and silk, vice versa Venice brought European metals, wood, leather and fabrics to the East. Another good of which Venice held a monopoly was salt, which was shared wherever there was some, and given its usefulness the Republic obliged every merchant to transport a certain quantity. The salt monopoly, as well as being a commercial privilege, was also a political deterrent against foreign nations. Another commodity of fundamental importance was the cereals which were managed by the Wheat Chamber to combat possible famines. There was also a large import of oil used not only in seasoning but also for lighting. 3948:. The salt pans were made up of a series of dams, basins and canals that allowed them to function correctly. Their extension was notable; the Chioggia salt pans occupied an area of approximately 30 km² which corresponded to ninety times the size of the city. The impetus for the foundations' construction was given by the Doge and the great ducal families who held the property. The estates of the nobles were rented to the families of the salt workers who independently maintained the salt pan and extracted the salt. The owners of the land had an exclusively economic relationship with the salt workers; consequently the nobles, owners of the land, could not consider themselves feudal lords as was the case in the rest of Europe in the cultivation of wheat. The salt workers also organized consortia which made noble imposition of the landowners even more difficult. In the 14th century, during the height of commercial expansion, salt production in the lagoon had decreased. Regardless, Venice maintained a monopoly on this precious commodity by requiring merchants to transport a certain percentage of salt which was often purchased in Puglia, Sicily, Sardinia, the Balearic Islands, Cyprus and on the coast of Libya. 1817: 1715: 3827:. The tribunal, in addition to being made up of its judges appointed by the doge, also availed itself of the help of the bishops and the patriarch of Grado and the most widespread punishment for those convicted was that of being burned at the stake. These magistrates continued to intervene as lay members even in the trials of the Inquisition, often coming into conflict with the Church and sometimes mitigating the harshness of the punishment. Furthermore, the Inquisition only had power over Christians and not over members of other confessions such as Jews. The government also regulated the construction of places of worship, limited bequests to the Church, favored by the presence of parish priests-notaries, and controlled priests who preached against the government, sometimes expelling them from the state. 2956: 3442: 2886: 9796: 1066: 3622: 2792:. The members of the Signoria also had the power to propose and vote on laws in the presided over assemblies and to convene the Great Council at any time. The Minor Council was elected by the Major Council and was made up of six councilors elected three at a time every eight months; since they remained in office for one year, the three outgoing councilors played the role of Inferior Councilors for four months and presided over the Quarantia Criminale representing the Signoria. Within the Minor Council one of the Three State Inquisitors was elected and following the death of the Doge it elected a Deputy Doge and presided over the Republic with the rest of the Signoria. 7837: 146: 2704: 9820: 91: 3347:, the key structure of the Venetian navy. In this extensive complex of workshops and shipyards, ships were built and armed. The Arsenal also contained several schools in which personnel were trained, also with the help of French and English workers, to make the construction of ships and vessels more efficient and of higher quality. The preparation of the fleet was decided by the armament supervisors who took care of the maintenance of the decommissioned ships and the assignment of the soldiers and rowers. The recruitment operations for sailors were instead carried out by the presidents of the Militia of the Sea, who following the 4307: 84: 2723: 3396: 112: 4282:

were widespread and the shoes were usually leather sandals. Over the cassock, men often wore large cloaks as well as belts and hats. The clothes of noblewomen were made of embroidered silk, very long and low-cut. They usually also wore trailing cloaks and furs from a large variety of animals, among which the ermine stood out. With the establishment of the guild in the 13th century, the art of tailors was also regulated and protected with the institution of dress tailors, ziponi tailors and sock tailors who dedicated themselves respectively to making clothes, fustian jackets and socks.

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were responsible for reporting and managing the troops and their equipment. In the 16th century, the Cernide were established, territorial militias managed by the Rector of the regiment and made up of around a hundred men dedicated to the defense of land and maritime possessions, where they took the name of "craine"; they were managed by Savio ai Ordini. In wartime, the armies were coordinated by the Captain General of the Mainland, usually an expert mercenary who was supported by the Superintendent General and who took orders from the Sage of Scripture or the Minister of War.

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were then removed once the home was reached. Between the 15th and 16th centuries the Baroque influence led to the excesses of noble clothing which in this era also began to be embellished with locally produced Burano lace. To prevent the nobles and patricians from spending enormous amounts of money on clothing, in 1488 the Republic issued laws aimed at limiting the use of excessively expensive clothes, so much so that in 1514 pump supervisors were established who had the task of monitoring the amount of money spent on private parties, clothes and other luxury goods.

2319: 1339: 1101:, who, similarly to the doge, was assassinated in 727 following a revolt. Father Pietro Antonio of Venetia, in his history of the lagoon city published in 1688, writes: "The precise time in which that family arrived in the Adria is not found, but rather, what already an inhabitant of the islands, by the princes, who welcomed citizens, and supported with the advantage of significant riches, in the year 697 she contributed to the nomination of the first Prince Marco Contarini, one of the 22 Tribunes of the Islands, who made the election". In 726, 9784: 9716: 3104:, count or governor, in larger regiments was also assisted by two councilors and other administrators. The army and police were under the command of the Captain while the borders were supervised by the Castellani, the Chancellors administered justice while finance was managed by the Camerlenghi. The superintendent generals acted above the podestàs and, in addition to having the power to choose the rectors in case of danger, were normally involved in supervising the podestàs by sending supervisors called sindi inquisitors. 156: 3085: 9808: 9741: 3836: 11041: 3761: 2976:, so much so that in the 16th century 2,095 nobles participated in a session and in 1527 those entitled to sit reached 2,746. Each member of the Great Council was allowed to vote and propose a new law which then had to be approved by the Council itself, which was also responsible for reforming and repealing the laws. While the legislative power was mostly held by the Senate, the elective power was almost exclusive to the Great Council. The council elected eighty-four magistracies including: the 4039:. Commercial traffic reached its peak in the 13th century, but continued to be fundamental in the political and social life of Venice until the end of the 16th century. This period saw the establishment of state-sanctioned mude, convoys of ships contracted to merchants which were used to reach faraway lands including India, China, England and Flanders. The Republic's trade was so extensive that in 1325 the existence of Venetian settlements was noted in northern European cities including 2164: 3632: 12795: 4205: 4267: 2578: 9946: 1984: 3976: 3570:. To prevent the concentration of power in a few hands, ensure a certain turnover and allow the greatest number of aristocrats to have employment, all these positions were short-lived, often lasting only one year and were often poorly paid. Nobles were not allowed to have relations with foreigners, leave the borders of the Republic, ask for pardons or distribute money; the nobility maintained itself even after judicial accusations and betrayal of the homeland. 12762: 10911: 1969: 9770: 2436: 3959:, traded as early as the 9th century in the form of sheets, is still considered one of the leading products of the Venetian industry. Because of its quality, Venetian glass was used to make works of art exported all over the world. Its production was located solely on the island of Murano to avoid the spread of fires within the capital. Despite the glass production, the most successful activity was that of shipbuilding which took place within the 10901: 3427:

who also took care of the control of brothels, the pump supervisors instead controlled the excesses of the nobles while the magistrates controlled health and the healthiness of public places. The new Justice controlled fraud and the Censors controlled corruption among public offices. For political and more internal matters, the Republic sometimes also resorted to the use of hit men and had a network of spies comparable to modern secret services.

2079:, in the Ghiara d'Adda, marking one of the most delicate points in Venetian history. French and imperial troops were occupying Veneto, but Venice managed to extricate itself through diplomatic efforts. The Apulian ports were ceded to come to terms with Spain, and Julius II soon recognized the danger brought by the eventual destruction of Venice (then the only Italian power able to face kingdoms like France or empires like the Ottomans). 2180: 9728: 632: 12751: 10921: 12781: 2913:. There were six Sages of the Council and they established the agenda of the work of the Senate while the Sages of the Orders, initially responsible for the management of the mude and the navy, progressively lost importance. The Sages of the Mainland were five, one was the Sage of the Ceremonials, one the Sage who dealt with the dispatch of the laws, while the other three were proper ministers: 1490: 996:

the latter lived off of commercial affairs and free markets. Moreover, the monarchies, in addition to being led by a single ruling family, were more prone to war and religious uniformity. This increasingly noticeable difference between monarchy and republic began to be specified also in official documents, and it was hence that names such as the

2292:, after a heroic siege that lasted 21 years, Venice lost its major overseas possession – the island of Crete (although it kept the control of the bases of Spinalonga and Suda) – while it made some advances in Dalmatia. In 1684, however, taking advantage of the Ottoman involvement against Austria in the 2234:, a sharp polemical writer who was nominated to be the Signoria's adviser on theology and canon law in 1606. The interdict was lifted after a year, when France intervened and proposed a formula of compromise. Venice was satisfied with reaffirming the principle that no citizen was superior to the normal processes of law. 3743:

sector, so much so that in the last twenty years of the 15th century one book in ten in Europe was printed in Venice. Book production in Venice was encouraged not only by the rules in favor of publishers, but also by the lack of censorship; in the 16th century works prohibited in the rest of Europe such as the

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so as not to create disorder in the city and to be able to carry out their traditions and pray in the synagogues. In Venice there were five synagogues belonging to the different Venetian Jewish communities, also called universities or nations, which held the liturgy here following different rites for

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The Republic of Venice recognized Catholicism as the state religion and while remaining relatively tolerant compared to other confessions, there were many laws in favor of Catholic traditions given that according the 1770 census, approximately 86.5% of the population was Catholic. The Catholic Church

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live there or buy a house, Jews were admitted to the capital with permits that were renewed every five or ten years. With a decree dated 22 May 1298, a limit was placed on the interest rate on loans, which was set between 10% and 12% and at the same time a tax of 5% was imposed on commercial traffic.

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made it necessary to resort to venture companies and mercenaries to be able to equip themselves with land forces. The organization of the troops and mercenaries was managed by a set of supervisors who were coordinated by the Inquisitors above the roles, presided over by the Sages of the Mainland, who

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The navy was the main armed force of the Republic for centuries, at least until the 15th century when it was also supported by a land army. The fleet was administered by the Magistrate of the Militia of the Sea, a sort of ministry composed of different magistracies that divided the tasks of governing

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To govern the most important regiments in an impartial and effective way, the podestà was chosen from among the members of the Venetian patriciate, while in secondary regiments the rector was often chosen from among the local nobility. Despite this, the laws and administration varied greatly based on

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A special state security agency created following the Tiepolo conspiracy, it was made up of ten members who had the aim of guaranteeing the security of the Republic and its government through any means. The Council acted as a court with jurisdiction over state security matters; its power was so broad

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and the Mainland Dominions and into two panels of fifteen and twenty-five members for cases of minor importance. Each of the Quarantie was made up of forty members which, added to those of the colleges, made 160 members. The judges rotated starting from the colleges and then arriving at the Quarantia

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Due to its commercial relationship with the East, the sumptuous clothing typical of the Byzantines soon spread in Venice, consisting mostly of embroidered or quilted blue tunics, the symbolic color of the Venetians. Among the common people, however, long canvas dresses decorated with colored stripes

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In 1770 there were only 5,026 Jews, equal to approximately 0.2% of the Republic of Venice's population, but various laws were promulgated for this minority which limited their relationship with Catholics and their civil liberties. Following the expulsion of the Jews in almost all of Europe, the Jews

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in 828 and its arrival in Venice, the lagoon state established a special relationship with its patron. This bond, caused by the particular importance of the relic and above all by the bond existing between the Saint and the Churches of north-eastern Italy which traced their origins to his preaching,

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The fundamental administrative subdivision of the Republic of Venice was the regiment, a small territory administered by a podestà, to which a city was headed. The regiments were born only in the first half of the 15th century via the mechanism of dedications. The Republic required the deposition of

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recaptured Padua in July 1509, successfully defending it against the besieging imperial troops. Spain and the pope broke off their alliance with France, and Venice regained Brescia and Verona from France, also. After seven years of ruinous war, the Serenissima regained its mainland dominions west to

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asserted itself in many countries of continental Europe, radically changing the European political landscape. This change made it possible to more markedly determine the differences between monarchies and republics: while the former had economies governed by strict laws and dominated by agriculture,

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With the beginning of the Renaissance following European fashion, the dresses of noblewomen became increasingly sumptuous, while men began to wear skirts combined with long two-tone stockings. Since the streets were not paved, they risked dirtying clothes, so very high clogs became widespread which

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who had the power to arrest criminals both day and night. In addition to the Lords of the Night, the district leaders also patrolled the streets. However, the order was also managed by a various number of supervisors. Crimes such as rape and blasphemy were regulated by the perpetrators of blasphemy

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to death. Having such broad power, the position lasted only one year and furthermore the ten could not exercise other public functions and had no family ties between them. To guarantee the secrecy of its actions, the Council was entrusted with a sum of money which it administered independently. The

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of the Republic of Venice, the position lasted for life and his name appeared on coins, ducal bulls, judicial sentences and letters sent to foreign governments. His greatest power was to promulgate laws; he also commanded the army during periods of war and had the Sopragastaldo execute all judicial

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decided not to renew the chrysobol of 1082, arousing the reaction of Venice which declared war on the Byzantine Empire in 1122. The war ended in 1126 with the victory of Venice which forced the emperor to stipulate a new agreement characterized by even better conditions than the previous ones, thus

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Pietro II Orseolo gave a notable boost to Venetian commercial expansion by stipulating new commercial privileges with the Holy Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire. In addition to diplomacy, the doge resumed the war against the Narentan pirates that began in the 9th century and in the year 1000 he

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After the plague the ghetto was repopulated by some Eastern European Jews and in 1633 the ghetto was expanded, but in the meantime Venice had lost its centrality and the Jewish community also began to shrink; taxes towards it increased and sectarian movements began to arise. The situation declined

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districts where they were allowed to work; here they trafficked goods and granted money loans, while some carried out the medical profession. Usury work was necessary for the functioning of the city's business activities and therefore, although they did not have citizenship and were not allowed to

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Between the 13th and 14th centuries the power of the doge became purely formal and that of the popular assemblies null and void, even if the tannery was formally abolished only in 1423; this decreed the birth of an oligarchic and aristocratic republic which continued to exist until the fall of the

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landed unopposed near Limassol on 2 July 1570 and laid siege to Nicosia. In an orgy of victory on the day that the city fell – 9 September 1570 – 20,000 Nicosians were put to death, and every church, public building, and palace was looted. Word of the massacre spread, and a few days later, Mustafa

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Throughout its history, the Republic of Venice was characterized by its political order. Inherited from the previous Byzantine administrative structures, its head of state was the doge, a position which became elective from the end of the 9th century. In addition to the doge, the administration of

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The remaining population belonged to other churches such as the Protestant and the Armenian Catholic churches and there were also Islamic merchants, who however did not reside permanently in Venice. The Armenians settled in Venice as early as the mid-13th century, although the construction of the

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to bury their deceased, creating the Jewish cemetery of Venice, which is still functioning today. Towards the end of the 14th century, restrictions on Jews increased and they were only allowed to stay in the city for two weeks; furthermore they were forced to wear a yellow circle as a distinctive

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was implemented in 1297. Following the provision, the power of some of the old houses decreased and in 1310, under the pretext of defeat in the Ferrara War, these families organized themselves in the Tiepolo conspiracy. Once the coup d'état failed and the establishment of a lordship was averted,

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to Paul. Their existence as doges is uncorroborated by any source before the 11th century, but as Norwich suggests, is probably not entirely legendary. Traditionally, the establishment of the Republic is, thus, dated to 697 AD, not to the installation of the first contemporaneously recorded doge,

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was established on 29 March 1516 where the foundries had previously stood and in 1541 it was expanded to make room for the Levantine Jews. The work of the Jews was placed under the supervision of the magistrates in Cattaver, and in addition to managing the ghetto's pawnshops they were allowed to

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opened printing presses in Venice, which towards the end of the 16th century reached 200 businesses, each with higher book circulations than the average for European cities. The large quantity of printing houses scattered throughout the Venetian territory made the city of Venice a leader in the

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Printing and other graphic arts constituted a thriving economic sector of the Republic and the main means of disseminating Venetian knowledge and discoveries in the technical, humanistic and scientific fields. The birth of Venetian publishing dates back to the 15th century, in particular to 18

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and the admirals in command, all patricians, had different degrees of specialisation; for example there were those responsible for navigating rivers and lakes, those dedicated to the war against piracy and those dedicated to surveillance of the islands. The large army, made up of warships, was

1786:, Duke of Milan. Control over the northeast main land routes was also a necessity for the safety of the trades. By 1410, Venice had a navy of 3,300 ships (manned by 36,000 men) and had taken over most of what is now the Veneto, including the cities of Verona (which swore its loyalty in the 3931:

In addition to fishing, lagoon populations heavily relied on salt extraction for their livelihood. Owing to the salt trade, the first lagoon populations were able to purchase goods that the Venetian lagoon did not produce, primarily wheat. A direct competitor in the production of salt was

3582:: Natives of Venice or from Venetian families up to the third degree enjoyed full citizenship, excluding Jews. The original citizens were also allowed to assume public offices, being able to become chancellors, secretaries, lawyers and notaries. Furthermore, citizens joined together in 3031:) to which were added the Council of Ten, the Council of Forty, the College of the Sages and many other magistracies which often held exclusive power to vote or propose laws. The Senate was responsible for legislating mainly on financial, commercial and foreign policies. 2556:

was hired in July 1743 as secretary by Comte de Montaigu, who had been named ambassador of the French in Venice. This short experience, nevertheless, awakened the interest of Rousseau to the policy, which led him to design a large book of political philosophy. After the

813:, penetration into eastern markets became increasingly stronger and, between the 12th and 13th centuries, Venice managed to extend its power into numerous eastern emporiums and commercial ports. The supremacy over the Mediterranean Sea led the Republic to the clash with 4327:, which commemorates the city's patron saint, was also celebrated with equal pomp. During the year, various masses were also held in memory of some fundamental events in the Republic's history, such as the failure of the Tiepolo conspiracy or that hatched by the Doge 809:; it prospered from maritime trade with the Byzantine Empire and other eastern states. To safeguard the trade routes, between the 9th and 11th centuries the Duchy waged several wars, which ensured its complete dominion over the Adriatic. Owing to participation in the 3265:

in the Venetian language, were made up of the territories of northern Italy conquered by the Republic of Venice, where in the event of war the command of the armies was assumed by the Superintendent General of Arms. The mainland possessions were the territories of

2145:. Despite victory at sea over the Turks, Cyprus remained under Ottoman rule for the next three centuries. By 1575, the population of Venice was about 175,000 people, but partly as a result of the plague of 1575–76 the population dropped to 124,000 people by 1581. 4123:, or ducat. The sequin, made of excellent purity gold, weighed approximately 3.5 grams and its minting was interrupted only with the fall of the Republic. Starting from the 16th century, minting took place in a special building overlooking the Marciano Pier, the 3381:

managed in wartime by the Commissioner in the Army and the command of the ships was assigned to naval officers who did not belong to the Veneto patricians. Until the end of the 16th century the large armada was also used for the defense of commercial ships.

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Though the economic vitality of the Venetian Republic had started to decline since the 16th century with the movement of international trade towards the Atlantic, its political regime still appeared in the 18th century as a model for the philosophers of the

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the lord who was promptly replaced with a rector, after which the city's ambassadors went to Venice where the city's indissoluble bond with the Republic was defined. Because of this mechanism, the Republic of Venice managed to incorporate many territories.

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the peculiarities of the regiment itself. The Republic therefore left a lot of freedom of government to the podestà, though at the end of their mandate, after a maximum of four years, the podestà was obliged to deliver a report on their administration.

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The Republic of Venice had numerous historical and folkloristic traditions of various kinds, some of which are still celebrated following its fall. In Venice, religious holidays were celebrated with extremely sumptuous processions directed towards

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The Protestant religion, which could be practiced freely, also spread in the Republic of Venice through commercial relations maintained with the Germans and the Swiss. In 1649 the Protestants obtained the possibility of burying their dead in the

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came into use among women's clothing, a modest dress which consisted of a long dress, usually black, and a white scarf. The poorer women, on the other hand, wore a round white dress that covered the head with a hood and was tied with a belt.

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for the reduced sum of 100,000 ducats. Venice exploited the situation and quickly installed nobility to govern the area, for example, Count Filippo Stipanov in Zara. This move by the Venetians was a response to the threatening expansion of

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In addition to the Catholic faith in the Republic of Venice, particularly in the Stato da Mar, the Orthodox church was also present; according to the 1770 census, the Orthodox Greeks constituted approximately 13.3% of the population. The

3707:, the Venetian government passed the first law to protect publishers by granting a printing privilege which gave the publisher the exclusive right to print certain works. In addition to the German community, the French community, led by 1928:

The Ottoman Empire started sea campaigns as early as 1423, when it waged a seven-year war with the Venetian Republic over maritime control of the Aegean, the Ionian, and the Adriatic Seas. The wars with Venice resumed after the Ottomans

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Melisseides Ioannes A. (2010). "E epibiose:odoiporiko se chronus meta ten Alose tes Basileusas (1453–1605 peripou)", (in Greek), epim.Pulcheria Sabolea-Melisseide, Ekd.Vergina, Athens (WorldCat, Regesta Imperii, etc.), pp. 91–108,

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power began to concentrate in the hands of about ten families. To avoid the birth of a lordship, the Doge decided to increase the number of members of the Maggior Consiglio while leaving the number of families unchanged and so the

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and contained the list of all the births and weddings of the patriciate. The aristocracy was not only a class of privileged people, but also of professional servants of the State. They were all educated, the richest attending the

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with the help of the Republic of Genoa managed to dissolve the Eastern Latin Empire and re-establish the Byzantine Empire. The war between Genoa and Venice resumed and after a long series of battles the war ended in 1270 with the

2513:, while the Major Council declared the end of the republic. According to Bonaparte's orders, the public powers passed to a provisional municipality under the French military governor. On 17 October, France and Austria signed the 5184: 5402: 3922:. After being caught, the fish was salted to improve preservation. In addition to fishing, although to a lesser extent, hunting, fowling and pastoralism were widespread but were limited by the scarcity of pastures in the 2356:. Daniele Dolfin, commander of the Venetian fleet, thought it better to save the fleet than risk it for the Morea. When he eventually arrived on the scene, Nauplia, Modon, Corone, and Malvasia had fallen. Levkas in the 4035:, Venetian merchants were allowed to exchange goods with the Byzantines without any tax and to establish an inhabited nucleus directly in the capital, a privilege which however ended violently in 1171 by the decree of 4014:

was involved not only in the management of his feudal assets but also in commercial affairs by sea. The commercial enterprises of Venetian citizens increased in the 12th century, a period which saw the creation of the

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Since the first settlements, fishing played a fundamental role in the livelihood of the lagoon communities. Fishing was one of the most widespread activities among the common people who also dedicated themselves to

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was the original territory of the Republic. It included Venice and its lagoon which was divided into nine districts. Each district was governed by a patrician with the title of podestà and the district cities were:

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in 1081 pushed the Byzantine Empire to request the aid of the Venetian fleet which, with the promise of obtaining extensive commercial privileges and reimbursement of military expenses, decided to take part in the

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and where the appellative "lord" refers to the fact that the doge was still considered like a king, even if elected by the popular assembly. Gaining independence, Venice also began to expand on the coasts of the

4250:, it was characterized by a large number of stereotyped characters who generically represented the life of the various Venetian social classes. In the 17th century, commedia dell'arte was completely reformed by 3967:, who starting from the 13th century imported hemp from Russia via the Black Sea. Among the activities already widespread in the 13th century were tanneries and wool spinning, which were exercised in Giudecca. 4235:. Over the course of the century, thanks to the financing of the nobles, a dozen theaters were built in which tragedies and melodramas were mainly performed. In Venice the reform of melodrama was initiated by 3461:

led to the patron saint being considered as the guardian of the State's sovereignty, becoming its symbol. The republic thus came to be called the Republic of Saint Mark and its lands were frequently known as

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The Council of Forty was the body that held maximum judicial power. It was divided into: Quarantia Criminale for criminal trials, Quarantia Civil Vecchia and Quarantia Civil Nuova for civil trials in the

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According to economic historian Jan De Vries, Venice's economic power in the Mediterranean had declined significantly by the start of the 17th century. De Vries attributes this decline to the loss of the

1197:, thus starting a siege which ended with the arrival of the Byzantine fleet and the retreat of the Franks. Following the failed Frankish conquest, Doge Obelerio was replaced by the pro-Byzantine nobleman 7011:. Lewes Lewkenor, translator. London: "Imprinted by I. Windet for E. Mattes". The most important contemporary account of Venice's governance during the time of its blossoming; numerous reprint editions; 5356: 1242:, a commercial treaty between Venice and the Carolingian Empire, began the long process of detachment of the province from the Byzantine Empire. After Tradonico was killed following a conspiracy in 864, 6386:

Venice was the most cosmopolitan city in Europe in the sixteenth century, but its many churches were almost entirely Christian and Catholic, and Catholicism was the official religion of the republic.

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making the Byzantine Empire totally dependent on Venetian trade and protection. With the intention of weakening the growing Venetian power, the emperor provided substantial commercial support to the

3928:. Since pastures in the lagoon were limited, agriculture was instead widespread mainly with vegetable crops and some vineyards, the agricultural products of which were sold by fruit merchants. 1268:, a rival city of Venice in the salt trade, decided to abdicate in favor of his brother, at the time patriarch of Grado, who refused. Since there was no heir in 887 the people gathered in the 974:('Doge of Venice, Dalmatia and Croatia'), a name that continued to be used until the 18th century. Starting from the 15th century, the documents written in Latin were joined by those in the 3472:, symbol of Mark the Evangelist, appeared on the Republic's flags, coats of arms and seals, while the Doges themselves were depicted kneeling at the coronation, in the act of receiving the 1664:

attempted to establish a city lordship, but the coup d'état was foiled by the Council of Ten which on 17 April 1355 condemned the Doge to death. The ensuing political instability convinced

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and weighed approximately two grams. Like the other coins of the Republic of Venice, the ducat had the effigy of the reigning doge, who held the standard of Venice in front of Saint Mark.

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which over the centuries became the greatest salt producer in the Mediterranean, reaching its peak in the 13th century. Most of the salt produced in Chioggia was exported to Italy via the

2044:, but effectively divided into a series of small lordships which were difficult for Rome's troops to control. Eager to take some of Venice's lands, all neighbouring powers joined in the 8095: 2663:

took place in 1297, a measure that increased the number of members of the Great Council leaving the number of families unchanged and therefore precluding the entry of the new nobility.

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In 1385, a group of Jewish moneylenders were allowed to live in the lagoon for the first time. On 25 September 1386 they requested and obtained the purchase of part of the land of the

3372:, who was immediately elected and who had more extensive powers than the Superintendent General. The fleet was divided into a small army and a large army. The thin army was made up of 2667:

Republic. The organization of the state was entrusted to many nobles divided into numerous assemblies which generally remained in office for less than a year and met in Venice in the

8100: 4071:. Venetian trade suffered a sharp decline at the end of the 16th century when competition from the Portuguese, Spanish, English and Dutch became suffocating for Venetian merchants. 3690:

trade in second-hand goods, making the ghetto an important commercial center. The ghetto was divided into communities based on their country of origin, each with its own synagogue.

3057:, the Avogadoria de Comùn represented the interests of the community and the state. The advocates remained in office for sixteen months and were also responsible for drawing up the 1547:. In addition to the territorial conquests, the doge was awarded the title of Lord of a quarter and a half of the Eastern Roman Empire, thus obtaining the faculty of appointing the 4223:

who staged their works on mobile wooden theatres. During the 17th century there was a great diffusion of the theater so much so that in 1637 Venice's first permanent theater, the

1028:. From the 17th century the Republic of Venice took on other more or less official names such as the Venetian State or the Venetian Republic. The republic is often referred to as 8060: 3963:, active since the 12th century, but also in the small Venetian shipyards of the city. Alongside the construction of ships, the production of naval cordage was developed by the 978:, and in parallel with the events in Italy, the Duchy of Venice also changed its name, becoming the Lordship of Venice, which as written in the peace treaty of 1453 with Sultan 7012: 1424:, increasingly difficult, so much so that it was renamed the "Gulf of Venice". In 1171, following the emperor's decision to expel the Venetian merchants from Constantinople, a 1388:, a commercial privilege that allowed Venetian merchants substantial tax exemptions in numerous Byzantine ports and the establishment of a Venetian neighbourhood in Durrës and 8278: 7442: 7300:(2017). Ortalli, Gherardo; Sopracasa, Alessio (eds.). "La Tana veneziana. Vita economica e rapportisociali: i tentativi di superare la grande crisi della metà del Trecento". 3936:, which was destroyed in 932 and its population transferred to the Venetian lagoon. The areas of greatest production were the northern part of the lagoon and the district of 8425: 1734:, and the final victory resulted in maritime hegemony and dominance of the eastern trade routes. The latter would soon be contested, however, by the inexorable rise of the 6586: 2399:

and Dalmatia were little compensation. This was the last war with the Ottoman Empire. By the year 1792, the once-great Venetian merchant fleet had declined to a mere 309

1917:

against Venice was dismantled in Candia. The conspiracy was led by Sifis Vlastos as an opposition to the religious reforms for the unification of Churches agreed at the

4589: 3598:: New arrivals, based on merit, were granted full citizenship and the guarantee of the State within the borders and were allowed to carry out some jobs within the city. 9843: 3024:, the Senate primarily held legislative power. Made up of around 300 members over thirty-five years of age, 120 were senators elected by the Great Council (60 plus 60 607: 1167:

in 800, considerably changed the geopolitical context of the lagoon, leading the Venetians to divide into two factions : a pro-Frankish party led by the city of

12836: 2559: 2341:, when the Morea was "without any of those supplies which are so desirable even in countries where aid is near at hand which are not liable to attack from the sea". 5428: 2659:, in Venice too power began to concentrate in the hands of a small number of families. To avoid the birth of a lordship and dilute the power of the old houses, the 3495:

in every official activity or ceremony, since today's lagoon soldiers of the Italian army have inherited the traditions of the "Fanti da Mar" of the Serenissima.

1615:

caused serious economic losses to Venetian trade, so in 1336 Venice gave birth to the anti-Scaliger league. The following year the coalition expanded further and

1309:

to gain a growing influence on the doge's policies and the conflicts that arose following the doge's assassination were resolved only in 991 with the election of

8050: 5364: 12891: 10364: 1432:. At the end of the 12th century, the commercial traffic of Venetian merchants extended throughout the East and they could count on immense and solid capital. 7131: 6259: 2585:

Following the Lombard occupation and the progressive migration of the Roman populations, new coastal settlements were born in which the local assemblies, the

2269:. During the brief war a Venetian army led by provveditore Zaccaria Sagredo and reinforced by French allies was disastrously routed by Imperial forces at the 10730: 7389:, (in Greek), epim.Pulcheria Sabolea-Melisseide, Ekd.Vergina Athens, (WorldCat, Greek National Bibliography 9217/10, Regesta Imperii, etc.), p. 91–108, 4323:

in which the Doge took part, preceded by the various government assemblies and the city's major schools. In addition to all the major Catholic holidays, the

4096:

The great expansion of Venetian trade began in the 12th century and the need for a stable currency became increasingly urgent. In 1202, during the dogate of

3641:

The earliest evidence of Jewish presence in Venice dates back to 932; in the 12th century the community had around a thousand members and was established in

2755:

sentences in his name. The election of the Doge was decreed by an assembly of forty-one electors chosen after a long series of elections and lots, to avoid

1777:. Ladislaus was about to lose the conflict and had decided to escape to Naples, but before doing so he agreed to sell his now practically forfeit rights on 3889:

where the Ottoman merchants spent their time and in which there was a small mosque, the only place of prayer for the Muslim faithful who stayed in Venice.

3155:

was administered by a count. Initially extending along the entire Venetian coast from Grado to Cavarzere, it progressively moved its southern border up to

1774: 1521:, thus putting an end to the Byzantine Empire and formally making Venice an independent state, severing the last ties with the former Byzantine ruler. The 2486:

River. Vicenza, Cadore and Friuli were held by the Austrians. With the campaigns of the next year, Napoleon aimed for the Austrian possessions across the

10866: 7731: 2254: 1517:

and won the war, regaining control of Dalmatia. The Venetian crusader fleet, however, did not stop in Dalmatia, but continued towards Constantinople to

12896: 2482:

crossed the frontiers of neutral Venice in pursuit of the enemy. By the end of the year, the French troops were occupying the Venetian state up to the

2021:

in 1499. The Turks once again sacked Friuli. Preferring peace to total war both against the Turks and by sea, Venice surrendered the bases of Lepanto,

1555:. With the end of the Fourth Crusade, Venice concentrated its efforts on the conquest of Crete, which intensely involved the Venetian army until 1237. 947:

In the following century, references to Venice as a Byzantine dominion disappeared, and in a document from 976 there is a mention of the most glorious

4289:

In the 17th century the fashion for the wig and the use of face powder began and men's clothes progressively became bulkier. In the 18th century, the

1501:

due to its commercial interests in the East and instead concentrated on maintaining its possessions in Dalmatia which were repeatedly besieged by the

1183:

under Frankish protection, but a Byzantine naval blockade convinced him to renew his loyalty to the Eastern Emperor. With the intention of conquering

8418: 1126:

as its doge, who governed the lagoon for a decade. Following his death, the Byzantines entrusted the government of the province to the regime of the

7345: 3854:, the only church in the city where they could celebrate their rites. In 1514, due to overcrowding of San Biagio, the construction of the church of 8161: 1558:

Venice's control over the eastern trade routes became pressing and this caused an increase in conflicts with Genoa which in 1255 exploded into the

1112:

to the Exarchate of Ravenna, causing numerous revolts throughout the territory. In reaction to the reform, the local populations appointed several

821:(with the Genoese army and fleet in the lagoon for a long period), Venice quickly managed to recover from the territorial losses suffered with the 6427: 11821: 2210:

began with the arrest of two clerics accused of petty crimes and with a law restricting the Church's right to enjoy and acquire landed property.

2126:

took Kyrenia without having to fire a shot. Famagusta, however, resisted and put up a defense that lasted from September 1570 until August 1571.

1179:

decided to attack both cities simultaneously, deporting their population to the capital. Having taken control of the situation, the doge placed

10379: 7584: 7468: 7371: 7225: 7182: 7111: 7086: 7061: 5270: 1862:, but the difficulties of Hungary finally granted to the republic the consolidation of its Adriatic dominions. The situation culminated in the 1816: 1692:

and vast areas of the Venetian Lagoon, but in the end it was the Venetians who prevailed; the war ended definitively on 8 August 1381 with the

1586:

During the war, various administrative reforms were implemented in Venice, new assemblies were established to replace popular ones such as the

3730:. These inventions allowed him to become the largest Venetian publisher and consequently attracted the major humanists of the time, including 12821: 11853: 7240:

6(2):192–201. A scathing review of Martin & Romano 2000; also a good summary on the most recent economic and political thought on Venice.

5274: 4616: 2253:

in the northern Adriatic and on the Republic's eastern border, while in Lombardy to the west, Venetian troops skirmished with the forces of

12826: 12484: 11836: 10456: 9693: 8411: 8390: 8193: 7340:. The most important study of the life of Renaissance nuns, with much on aristocratic family networks and the life of women more generally. 5769: 4239:, who, inspired by French tragedy, made melodrama more sober and constructed his works so that they could be performed even without music. 2199:, a declining uncompetitive textile industry, competition in book publishing from a rejuvenated Catholic Church, the adverse impact of the 2517:, agreeing to share all the territory of the republic, with a new border just west of the Adige. Italian democrats, especially young poet 1714: 11099: 6676: 4331:

and others such as the Festa delle Marie to celebrate the power of Venice. One of the festivals of greatest political importance was the

2972:

and held legislative and elective power. Initially made up of around four hundred members, its size increased considerably following the

2926:

The Sage of the Scripture, analogous to the minister of war, was in charge of the economic management of the troops and military justice;

6229: 6136: 2265:

in 1618. A fragile peace did not last, and in 1629 the Most Serene Republic returned to war with Spain and the Holy Roman Empire in the

12448: 11378: 9838: 8198: 8156: 7191: 7148: 1576: 6052: 12582: 10957: 6832: 6757: 3235:

also included various feudal lordships governed by the major noble families of the time. These lordships corresponded to the various

1305:

in Venice as well, causing a revolt in 976 which led to the burning of the capital and the killing of the doge. These events led the

155: 2621:

to local assemblies, thus sanctioning the beginning of the ducal monarchy which lasted, with ups and downs, until the 11th century.

1439:. In that century, the doge's power began to decline: initially supported only by a few judges, in 1130 it was decided to place the 111: 12831: 12489: 2521:, viewed the treaty as a betrayal. The metropolitan part of the disbanded republic became an Austrian territory, under the name of 2338: 2313: 2118: 1998: 1447:, alongside his power. In the same period, in addition to the expulsion of the clergy from public life, new assemblies such as the 844:. While maintaining most of its mainland possessions, Venice was defeated and the attempt to expand the eastern dominions caused a 2641:, an unstoppable process of limitation and removal of ducal power from part of the nascent mercantile aristocracy gathered in the 2222:

which forbade clergymen from exercising almost all priestly duties. The republic paid no attention to the interdict or the act of

2072:: Dalmatia, and each one some of another's part. The offensive against the huge army enlisted by Venice was launched from France. 12054: 8776: 8329: 7724: 4366:. In addition to the Carnival, the Regatta was held, which like the other festivals included large celebrations and processions. 4362:. In addition to dances and shows of various types, on the last Sunday of Carnival the bull hunt took place, an event similar to 6332: 11266: 9883: 6790: 6594: 3492: 2955: 2327: 2277:

was sacked. Reversals elsewhere for the Holy Roman Empire and Spain ensured the republic suffered no territorial loss, and the

4254:

who introduced a new form of theater thanks to the elimination of masks and the introduction of a precise script. Conversely,

3823:. Crimes relating to faith, such as witchcraft, were regulated by a secular court as early as 1181 during the regency of Doge 3195:. During their expansion, the Venetians established a series of dominions throughout the Eastern Mediterranean that went from 1435:

As in the rest of Italy, starting from the 12th century, Venice also underwent the transformations that led to the age of the

12856: 12732: 11895: 10334: 10089: 9928: 8140: 7776: 7671: 7649: 7309: 7302:

Rapporti Mediterranei, Pratiche Documentarie, Presenze Veneziane: Le Reti Economiche e Culturali (XIV – XVI Secolo). Estratto

6166: 5322: 5215: 4581: 4032: 3181:

in the Venetian language, were made up of the overseas territories conquered by the Republic of Venice. The regiments of the

2981: 1385: 1332: 470: 7601: 12851: 12529: 11804: 11612: 9078: 8796: 6199: 1548: 3604:: This was also a full citizenship granted on merit which conferred the privilege to sail and trade as a Venetian citizen. 3592:

that provided mutual aid to all members and allowed rules to be set for the various professions that took place in Venice.

2780:. The Signoria had the fundamental task of presiding over the major assemblies of the state: the College of the Wise, the 902:

During its long history, the Republic of Venice took on various names, all closely linked to the titles attributed to the

11858: 11721: 10996: 10790: 10765: 10705: 9954: 9591: 9334: 9282: 8115: 7892: 7452: 6094: 3343:

the preparation of the fleet, weapons and crews. The preparation of the fleet was administered by the supervisors of the

11129: 12577: 12162: 11789: 11622: 11383: 11221: 10881: 10269: 9473: 9144: 8130: 7762: 7717: 5396: 5178: 4421: 3788: 3776: 2282: 1425: 1049: 625: 103: 3662: 3075:

Three State Inquisitors, who could replace ordinary judges and proceeded in secret, had greater power within the body.

2129:

The fall of Famagusta marked the beginning of the Ottoman period in Cyprus. Two months later, the naval forces of the

11809: 11784: 11627: 10924: 10886: 10416: 9585: 9193: 8324: 8229: 7757: 7355: 7330: 7290: 6379: 5502: 5240: 4466: 4091: 4010:

From its early history, trade was the basis of the Republic of Venice's success and political rise: in 829, the Doge

2246: 1684:. The skirmishes between the Venetians and the Genoese resumed and in 1378 the two republics faced each other in the 1045: 1004:

were born. The Lordship of Venice also adapted to this new terminology, becoming the Most Serene Republic of Venice (

717: 3529:

and their magistrates, to which were added the families who actively and above all economically participated in the

3441: 12816: 12181: 11462: 11348: 9686: 8434: 7127: 6267: 4405: 3792: 2215: 2188: 2057: 2403:. Although Venice declined as a seaborne empire, it remained in possession of its continental domain north of the 1212:

With his election, Agnello Partecipazio attempted to make the ducal office hereditary by associating an heir, the

12861: 12305: 12217: 12064: 12059: 11890: 11758: 10384: 9848: 9603: 4394: 3796: 785:

in the 7th century, after having experienced a period of substantial increase in population, were organized into

20: 1637:

promised not to interfere in Venetian trade and to recognize the sovereignty of Venice over the Trevisan March.

1455:

were established and in his inauguration speech the Doge was forced to declare loyalty to the Republic with the

83: 12253: 11841: 11318: 11170: 10750: 10690: 10662: 10421: 10301: 9579: 9483: 9427: 8585: 8361: 7826: 7394: 5438: 5343: 2885: 2440: 2430: 2114:, but most other cities were easy prey. By 1563, the population of Venice had dropped to about 168,000 people. 1645: 864:'s French troops and its territories were divided with the Habsburg monarchy following the ratification of the 552: 97: 3479:"Long live Saint Mark!" was the Republic of Venice's battle cry, used until its dissolution in 1797 following 3368:

and in the overseas dominions was also head of the army and administration. In wartime, command passed to the

2395:(21 July 1718), Austria made large territorial gains, but Venice lost the Morea, for which its small gains in 2245:

led to Venice's last significant wars in Italy and the northern Adriatic. Between 1615 and 1618 Venice fought

2091:. Although the defeat had turned into a victory, the events of 1509 marked the end of the Venetian expansion. 12504: 12335: 12222: 11753: 11748: 11104: 10950: 10836: 10667: 9468: 9402: 9201: 8933: 8856: 8707: 8105: 7791: 3704: 3616: 3054: 2973: 2660: 2266: 1859: 1596: 992: 11191: 3685:

took refuge in the lagoon, making coexistence with the Christians difficult. Following social tensions, the

3621: 2937:

The Full College had as its primary function that of maintaining relations with foreign states and with the

12871: 12263: 12202: 12187: 12039: 11900: 11353: 8314: 8188: 8110: 4441: 3361: 3187: 3152: 3045:

Criminale and worked for eight months in each assembly, remaining in office for two years and eight months.

2765:, an oath in which was promised loyalty to the Republic and the limitations to its powers were recognized. 2098:, pillaging and taking captives to be sold into slavery. In 1539, the Turkish fleet attacked and destroyed 1977: 1787: 1480: 10274: 1065: 953:('Lord of Venice'), where the 'most glorious' appellative had already been used for the first time in the 720:

it established itself as one of the major European commercial and naval powers. Initially extended in the

12886: 12881: 12607: 12325: 12171: 11953: 11863: 11763: 11649: 11617: 11302: 11152: 11025: 10846: 9679: 9597: 9549: 9240: 8727: 8383: 8065: 3423: 2130: 1942: 1914: 727: 7550: 7536: 7522: 7508: 7494: 7480: 2917:

The Sage of the Finances, analogous to the finance minister, was superior and close collaborator of the

1960:), was added to Venice's holdings. By 1490, the population of Venice had risen to about 180,000 people. 1363:

in 1073 marginally involved Venetian politics which instead focused its attention on the arrival of the

12866: 12662: 12290: 12110: 12017: 11990: 11925: 11799: 11333: 11259: 10841: 10831: 10795: 10637: 10539: 9876: 9543: 9537: 9488: 9478: 8908: 8893: 8756: 8224: 8183: 8120: 8016: 7836: 6431: 4363: 3907: 3534: 3446: 3369: 3348: 3027: 2289: 2172: 2154: 1755: 1709: 1102: 145: 7699: 7693: 3718:

further developed Venetian publishing via three innovations which later spread throughout Europe: the

2966:

The Great Council was made up of all noble men of at least twenty-five years of age registered in the

2772:

was the most dignified assembly of the Venetian governmental system and was composed of the Doge, the

2703: 1652:, brought the rivalry between the two republics to resurface and in 1350 they faced each other in the 12846: 12841: 12692: 12458: 12381: 12345: 11363: 11328: 11323: 10564: 10327: 10291: 10286: 9655: 8938: 8344: 8090: 8001: 7821: 7786: 5267:

The Conspiracy of Sēphēs Vlastos in Crete (1453–1454) and the New Conspiratorial Attempt of 1460–1462

3847: 2454:

By 1796, the Republic of Venice could no longer defend itself since its war fleet numbered only four

1474: 845: 771: 8135: 4258:

staged presentations of fairy tales, exalting and exasperating the tradition of commedia dell'arte.

3811:

was also active in the Republic of Venice, which from 1542 to 1794 tried 3,620 defendants including

3649:

as was previously believed. Every day the Jews left Mestre and went to Venice, in particular to the

2795:

Over the centuries, 120 doges followed one another in Venice. Among the most illustrious names are:

1878:

and suffered a heavy defeat. At the expiration of the truce in 1420, Venice immediately invaded the

90: 12707: 12697: 12677: 12647: 12602: 12300: 12142: 12074: 12044: 12024: 11905: 11581: 11546: 11343: 11089: 10943: 10815: 10168: 9561: 8913: 8766: 8702: 4306: 4011: 3867: 3863: 3820: 3156: 2599:. Between the end of the 7th century and the beginning of the 8th, a new political reform affected 2595:

to govern the local administration, perpetuating the Roman custom started in the last years of the

2418: 1696:

which sanctioned the exit of the Genoese from the competition for dominion over the Mediterranean.

1261: 1257: 1217: 4168:

and his students. Shortly afterwards the new style also spread to Venice (traditionally linked to

3850:

was also present in the capital and in 1456 the Greeks obtained permission to build the church of

12876: 12587: 12350: 12207: 12177: 12152: 12069: 12029: 11968: 11867: 11632: 11602: 11069: 11003: 10975: 10519: 10489: 9649: 9324: 9216: 9178: 8673: 8603: 8334: 8309: 8006: 4612: 4476: 4446: 4293:, a sort of large, richly decorated cloak, was introduced into men's clothing. Contrariwise, the 3584: 2960: 2950: 2781: 2642: 2494:, the terms of which remained secret, the Austrians were to take the Venetian possessions in the 2471: 2331: 1933:

in 1463, and lasted until a favorable peace treaty was signed in 1479 just after the troublesome

1591: 1572: 1444: 1360: 1221: 1176: 1152: 873: 377: 5762: 5260: 2722: 1465:, the set of all the assemblies aimed at regulating the power of the doge, began to take shape. 758:

seas. At the height of its expansion, between the 13th and 16th centuries, it also governed the

12285: 12273: 12049: 12034: 11726: 11368: 11094: 11074: 11062: 10876: 10632: 10406: 10047: 9609: 9555: 9503: 9493: 9329: 9272: 8943: 7122:

London: Thames & Hudson. The best brief introduction in English, still completely reliable.

4410: 4108:) began, which quickly spread throughout the Mediterranean basin. The ducat corresponded to 26 3875: 3784: 3395: 2902: 2514: 2380: 2121:

rather than a raid. About 60,000 troops, including cavalry and artillery, under the command of

1938: 1863: 1783: 1731: 1693: 1612: 1518: 1343: 865: 822: 556: 500: 8045: 7382:

Johns Hopkins UP. The most recent collection on essays, many by prominent scholars, on Venice.

7333:. A standard scholarly history with an emphasis on economic, political and diplomatic history. 6672: 5386: 3554: 3048: 2985: 2368:

on Crete, which still remained in Venetian hands, were abandoned. The Turks finally landed on

2226:

and ordered its priests to carry out their ministry. It was supported in its decisions by the

2203:

on Venice's key trade partners, and the increasing cost of cotton and silk imports to Venice.

2036:

Venice's attention was diverted from its usual maritime position by the delicate situation in

1016:), a name by which it is best known today. Similarly, the doge was also given the nickname of 817:, which lasted until the 14th century, when, after having risked complete collapse during the 12592: 12519: 12499: 12413: 12362: 12120: 12100: 11910: 11504: 11472: 11358: 11338: 11252: 11181: 11176: 10695: 10587: 10544: 9869: 9573: 9417: 9369: 9355: 9183: 8923: 8836: 8786: 8465: 8448: 8339: 8125: 8085: 6289: 6237: 6144: 4471: 4415: 4320: 4243: 4220: 4219:

Until the 17th century, theatrical works were performed in noble palaces or in public by the

4119:

decided to mint a new currency, which would later be vital in the Venetian economy: the gold

3855: 3839: 3800: 3772: 3764: 2553: 2392: 1963: 1810: 1802: 1778: 1673: 1563: 1377: 853: 539: 7200: 7157: 5262:Ἡ ἐν Κρήτῃ συνωμοσία τοῦ Σήφη Βλαστοῦ (1453–1454) καὶ ἡ νέα συνωμοτικὴ κίνησις τοῦ 1460–1462 2288:

The latter half of the 17th century also had prolonged wars with the Ottoman Empire; in the

1097:

was elected in 697, but this figure is of dubious historicity and comparable to that of the

12443: 12258: 12147: 12125: 11779: 11677: 11561: 11429: 10991: 10914: 10856: 10652: 10559: 10529: 10514: 10320: 10107: 9621: 9498: 9437: 9422: 9345: 9309: 9265: 9255: 9033: 9005: 8811: 8655: 8553: 8497: 8319: 8075: 7907: 7867: 7268:

The Twilight of a Military Tradition: Italian Aristocrats And European Conflicts, 1560–1800

6060: 4551: 4451: 4169: 4165: 3879: 3542: 3510:

Starting from the 13th century, Venetian society clearly distinguished two social classes:

3410: 3251: 3003: 2919: 2859: 2799: 2596: 2547: 2270: 2200: 1829: 1794: 1629: 1356: 1198: 1105: 1094: 1086: 1033: 826: 794: 713: 651: 612: 351: 6824: 6749: 4023:

which, escorted by armed ships, headed towards the eastern markets, starting with that of

3795:. During the history of the Republic of Venice, the cathedral of the patriarchate was the 2901:, the Sages of the Mainland and the Sages of the Orders, it constituted the summit of the 1730:

In 1403, the last major battle between the Genoese (now under French rule) and Venice was

1551:

and the possibility of sending a Venetian representative to the government of the Eastern

8: 12727: 12717: 12672: 12438: 12403: 12398: 12115: 11736: 11672: 11592: 11186: 11117: 10800: 10780: 10760: 10725: 10657: 10569: 10436: 9861: 9643: 9374: 9277: 9260: 9250: 9105: 9028: 8851: 8846: 8781: 8681: 8591: 8349: 7418: 5256: 4344: 4324: 4224: 4145: 3816: 3804: 3670: 3635: 3559: 3499: 3453: 3399: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3275: 3271: 2989: 2565: 2318: 2262: 2138: 2076: 1918: 1770: 1743: 1327: 1286: 1243: 841: 671: 659: 421: 11201: 7408: 7095: 7045: 3711:, also owned most of the Venetian printing presses towards the end of the 15th century. 3488: 3351:

began to recruit personnel from abroad and not only from the territory of the Republic.

3326: 1680:

to revolt, but the rebellions were quelled, thus reaffirming Venetian dominion over the

1513:

to conclude the Zara War and the following year, after twenty years of conflict, Venice

12800: 12702: 12687: 12667: 12524: 12465: 12418: 12340: 12197: 12167: 12157: 12132: 12105: 12012: 12005: 11941: 11692: 11409: 11226: 11122: 11084: 11013: 10904: 10740: 10715: 10617: 10494: 10446: 10431: 10369: 10065: 9825: 9800: 9702: 9567: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9432: 9397: 9392: 9350: 9314: 9173: 9068: 8963: 8903: 8806: 8791: 8629: 8609: 8366: 7989: 7984: 7974: 7950: 7578: 7462: 7365: 7219: 7176: 7105: 7080: 7055: 4431: 4381: 4376: 4351: 4209: 3886: 3851: 3469: 3436: 3279: 2906: 2898: 2855: 2769: 2761: 2689: 2218:, and demanded that they be repealed. When this was refused, he placed Venice under an 2122: 2095: 1798: 1665: 1657: 1653: 1641: 1559: 1502: 1484: 1457: 1409: 1405: 1381: 1294: 1164: 1070: 937: 705: 318: 263: 7380:

Venice Reconsidered: The History and Civilization of an Italian City-State, 1297–1797.

6336: 3983: 1493:

The Venetian fleet heads towards Constantinople and then besieges it on 12 April 1204.

12652: 12642: 12514: 12428: 12393: 12320: 12310: 12088: 11958: 11872: 11702: 11682: 11656: 11644: 11439: 11434: 11419: 11414: 11399: 11030: 11020: 10900: 10642: 10612: 10602: 10592: 10509: 10499: 10484: 10351: 10144: 10037: 9918: 9733: 9412: 9407: 9340: 9299: 9293: 9134: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 8841: 8821: 8771: 8761: 8742: 8033: 8011: 7964: 7902: 7882: 7860: 7688: 7667: 7645: 7567:

Sagredo, Agostino; Berchet, Federico (1860). Stabilimento di Giuseppe Civelli (ed.).

7448: 7390: 7351: 7326: 7305: 7286: 6375: 5498: 5434: 5392: 5339: 5318: 5236: 5211: 5174: 4521: 4481: 4461: 4436: 4332: 4311: 4232: 4036: 3739: 3674: 3514: 3422:

The order of the city of Venice was managed by a police force coordinated by the six

3267: 2849: 2839: 2813: 2805: 2646: 2630: 2625: 2522: 2376: 2323: 2293: 2242: 2163: 2142: 2045: 2026: 2018: 1992: 1988: 1957: 1879: 1866:

in late August 1412, when an invading army of Hungarians, Germans and Croats, led by

1820: 1608:, which was assigned the task of repressing any threat to the security of the state. 1580: 1462: 1413: 1310: 1306: 1298: 1275: 1224:, to the ducal position, who was deposed in 836 due to his inadequacy to counter the 997: 975: 837: 833: 814: 775: 667: 526: 322: 286: 268: 258: 248: 233: 210: 61: 7044:

Cappelletti, Giuseppe (1853). Stabilimento nazionale di G. Antonelli editore (ed.).

6782: 6296:(in Italian). Istituto della Enciclopedia Italianafondata da Giovanni Treccani S.p.A 1338: 860:. Although still a thriving cultural centre, the Republic of Venice was occupied by 12722: 12544: 12494: 12475: 12470: 12423: 12330: 12268: 12248: 12236: 12192: 11995: 11975: 11963: 11826: 11707: 11424: 11287: 11279: 11139: 11008: 10861: 10810: 10805: 10745: 10710: 10622: 10579: 10549: 10471: 10389: 10359: 9934: 9812: 9746: 9629: 9211: 9206: 9129: 9063: 9058: 8928: 8898: 8866: 8722: 8667: 8646: 8624: 8403: 8178: 8040: 7994: 7887: 7804: 7318: 5490: 4507: 4486: 4426: 4274:

in 1581 in late Renaissance clothes and on the right a woman from 1750 wearing the

4173: 4128: 4116: 4074:

The goods that the Venetians exchanged mostly by sea and which crowded the central

4028: 3979:

A map of Venice's trade routes and possessions at the beginning of the 16th century

3960: 3824: 3403: 3344: 3204: 3034: 2845: 2823: 2777: 2714: 2710: 2668: 2638: 2618: 2613: 2491: 2184: 1973: 1934: 1875: 1723: 1705: 1601: 1567: 1525:

in the Crusader states and from the division Venice obtained numerous ports in the

1448: 1436: 1417: 1400: 1322: 1233: 1005: 907: 881: 790: 676: 487: 437: 312: 273: 253: 243: 46: 11794: 7193:

L'Archivio di Stato di Venezia, indice generale, storico, descrittivo ed analitico

7150:

L'Archivio di Stato di Venezia, indice generale, storico, descrittivo ed analitico

6174: 3084: 2897:

The College of the Sages was composed of three subcommissions called "hands": the

1793:

Slaves were plentiful in the Italian city-states as late as the 15th century. The

1130:, which lasted until 742 when the emperor granted the people the appointment of a 12632: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12509: 12433: 12295: 11814: 11712: 11597: 11497: 11404: 11079: 10966: 10871: 10785: 10755: 10479: 10396: 10247: 10083: 10002: 9720: 9152: 9120: 9115: 9095: 8958: 8918: 8888: 8871: 8831: 8816: 8801: 8732: 8717: 8634: 8614: 8487: 8239: 8023: 7897: 7877: 7635: 7605: 7568: 7546: 7532: 7518: 7504: 7490: 7476: 7426: 7387:

E epibiose:odoiporiko se chronus meta ten Alose tes Basileusas (1453–1605 peripu)

7070: 4149: 4124: 3894: 3803:

only in 1807, ten years after the fall of the Republic. During the period of the

3780: 3686: 3625: 3530: 3519:

The Venetian aristocracy was a relatively open social category documented in the

3211:. Further east, the Republic conquered a large part of Greece, in particular the 3100:

The podestà, who depending on the territory administered was also called rector,

3015: 2938: 2785: 2756: 2600: 2396: 2278: 2258: 2223: 2168: 2069: 2014: 1858:

in 1405. The situation in Dalmatia had been settled in 1408 by a truce with King

1719: 1685: 1669: 1587: 1393: 1238: 1090: 1078: 1060: 1024: 925: 889: 818: 786: 782: 731: 701: 513: 451: 390: 11196: 11112: 9892: 9010: 7872: 6207: 3835: 3356: 3167: 3160: 3088:

The Venetian Republic between 1718 and 1797 with its administrative subdivisions

2941:, it welcomed ambassadors, nuncios of subject cities and members of the clergy. 2407:, extending west almost to Milan. Many of its cities benefited greatly from the 1543: 1293:

to his son Pietro who became doge the following year. Due to his land holdings,

161: 12786: 12765: 12712: 12682: 12627: 12534: 12408: 12355: 12315: 11985: 11980: 11831: 11731: 11687: 11639: 11587: 11541: 11509: 11467: 11444: 11163: 11158: 10775: 10720: 10674: 10627: 10607: 10451: 10374: 10264: 10223: 10148: 10126: 10118: 9788: 9635: 9531: 9525: 9125: 9100: 8973: 8968: 8953: 8948: 8883: 8878: 8861: 8826: 8619: 8597: 8541: 8480: 8266: 8258: 8251: 8246: 8028: 7939: 7809: 7781: 7094:

Cecchetti, Bartolomeo (1874). Stabilimento tipografico di P. Naratovich (ed.).

4359: 4328: 4213: 4185: 4097: 4024: 3956: 3878:

and in 1657 they were allowed to celebrate masses with German shepherds in the

3812: 3760: 3715: 3708: 3521: 3335: 3236: 3208: 3071: 3064: 2968: 2873: 2867: 2829: 2819: 2789: 2743: 2685: 2608: 2506: 2475: 2467: 2448: 2444: 2357: 2238: 2134: 2049: 1953: 1930: 1751: 1735: 1661: 1605: 1510: 1506: 1389: 1188: 1001: 903: 885: 849: 802: 655: 574: 402: 363: 332: 238: 11040: 6102: 4242:

In the 17th century, although less widespread than melodramas, it represented

2337:

These gains did not last, however; in December 1714, the Turks began the last

12810: 12637: 12278: 11848: 11536: 11514: 11373: 11144: 10534: 10296: 9319: 9157: 8661: 8535: 8507: 8283: 8234: 8173: 8168: 7969: 7770: 7403:

Princeton UP. The classic of Venetian cultural studies, highly sophisticated.

7304:(in Italian). Venezia: Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti: 237–252. 7297: 4456: 4336: 4251: 4236: 4120: 4016: 4004: 3589: 3484: 3390: 3321: 3144: 2977: 2773: 2751: 2729: 2693: 2227: 2083: 1575:. In 1281 Venice defeated the Republic of Ancona in battle and in 1293 a new 1514: 1468: 1452: 1135: 1098: 877: 663: 578: 315: 309: 7338:

Virgins of Venice: Enclosed Lives and Broken Vows in the Renaissance Convent

4354:: celebrated for its entire duration, it included the major celebrations on 3631: 2577: 12794: 12755: 12562: 12367: 12137: 11741: 11607: 11556: 11531: 11057: 11049: 10700: 10597: 10401: 10279: 9904: 8692: 8547: 8527: 8271: 7979: 7814: 7799: 7659: 5424: 4399: 3919: 3731: 3163:; the extension on the mainland was limited to between 7 and 19 kilometers. 2998: 2910: 2890: 2809: 2655:

was progressively stripped of all its powers and, similarly to the Italian

2088: 2041: 1887: 1855: 1552: 1522: 1421: 961: 797:. With the fall of the Exarchate and the weakening of Byzantine power, the 751: 7262:

58, pp. 43–94. The classic "muckraking" essay on the myths of Venice.

4266: 4204: 3738:. After Manutius, many other Italian entrepreneurs such as the Florentine 2094:

In 1489, the first year of Venetian control of Cyprus, Turks attacked the

2040:, then one of the richest lands in Italy, which was nominally part of the 1964:

16th century: League of Cambrai, the loss of Cyprus, and Battle of Lepanto

1246:

was elected and resumed the fight against piracy, managing to protect the

1151:

The Lombard conquest of Ravenna in 751 and the subsequent conquest of the

12657: 12597: 12567: 11920: 11551: 10851: 10554: 10461: 10343: 9968: 9945: 9245: 9110: 4255: 4040: 4000: 3808: 3723: 3216: 2863: 2518: 2388: 2231: 2211: 2196: 2102:. Fearing the ever-expanding Ottoman Empire, the Venetians had fortified 2017:, more a businessman and diplomat than a sailor, was defeated in the sea 1867: 1649: 1526: 1316: 1156: 759: 416: 10235: 7600:

Urkunden zur älteren Handels- und Staatsgeschichte der Republik Venedig

5233:

The Military Organisation of a Renaissance State, Venice c. 1400 to 1617

4144:

The Venetian Renaissance was one of the fundamental declinations of the

3975: 3061:

in which all those entitled to sit on the Great Council were registered.

2603:: like the other Byzantine provinces of Italy it was transformed into a 1983: 11915: 11524: 10426: 10312: 10156: 10132: 10101: 9996: 4355: 4247: 4189: 3941: 3682: 3563: 3538: 3457: 2510: 2435: 2414: 2400: 2384: 2361: 2297: 2158: 1968: 1668:

to attack Dalmatia which was conquered in 1358 with the signing of the

1648:

by the Hungarians. The Genoese expansion to the east, which caused the

1530: 1342:

The church of Santa Fosca, built in the 12th century, is an example of

1225: 1123: 1109: 857: 755: 743: 682: 9769: 7038:

Private Lives in Renaissance Venice: art, architecture, and the family

2993: 2929:

The Sage of the Ordinances, was responsible for the management of the

10735: 10504: 10229: 10190: 10152: 10071: 9990: 9671: 8512: 8356: 7944: 7709: 7706:, historiographical collection of the Republic of Venice (in Italian) 7047:

Storia della Repubblica di Venezia dal suo principio sino al suo fine

6372:

Controlling the State: Constitutionalism from Ancient Athens to Today

4340: 4271: 4193: 4177: 4157: 3933: 3650: 3148: 3136: 2852:, the coalition of the most important European states against Venice. 2404: 2250: 2219: 2103: 2010: 2002: 1620: 1302: 1265: 1144: 979: 930:. This commercial agreement, stipulated between the Duchy of Venice ( 474: 325: 182: 9924: 7435:

Sotto le bandiere di San Marco, le armate della Serenissima nel '600

2082:

The citizens of the mainland rose to the cry of "Marco, Marco", and

2022: 1891: 1368: 12572: 12557: 12552: 12453: 11487: 11482: 11231: 10983: 10770: 10647: 10524: 10186: 10182: 9230: 8712: 8517: 8460: 4109: 4068: 4048: 3992: 3988: 3937: 3646: 3567: 3480: 3473: 3377: 3331: 3299: 3244: 3231:. In addition to the territories directly dominated by Venice, the 3212: 3200: 3140: 3128: 2833: 2656: 2587: 2499: 2479: 2463: 2207: 2179: 2117:

In the summer of 1570, the Turks struck again but this time with a

2099: 1895: 1739: 1689: 1634: 1498: 1229: 1074: 965: 861: 810: 739: 10935: 5170:

Eurasian Slavery, Ransom and Abolition in World History, 1200–1860

2470:) fell to the invading French, and the Austrians were beaten from 2300:, which lasted until 1699 and in which it was able to conquer the 1937:. In 1480, no longer hampered by the Venetian fleet, the Ottomans 1489: 11519: 11244: 10411: 10162: 10138: 10059: 10053: 10020: 10014: 10008: 9964: 8492: 8453: 7598:

Tafel, Gottlieb Lukas Friedrich, and Georg Martin Thomas (1856).

6260:"Storia – Dalla crisi economica al messianesimo di Sabbatai Zevi" 5208:

The realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526

4060: 3779:

as its suffragen, which was then suppressed on 8 October 1451 by

3735: 3678: 3526: 2930: 2905:, was elected by the Senate and when it was presided over by the 2592: 2495: 2353: 2111: 2107: 2053: 2037: 2006: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1871: 1839: 1835: 1827:

In the early 15th century, the republic began to expand onto the

1766: 1677: 1624: 1420:, making coexistence with Venice, which was now hegemonic on the 1364: 1253: 1138:, son of Orso, who decided to move the capital of the duchy from 916:('Doge of the Province of Venice'), and then, starting from 840, 747: 294: 176: 7072:

Relazione generale sopra i censimenti delle popolazioni italiane

3491:. The cry "San Marco!" is used by the military personnel of the 2759:, and once elected the Doge had the obligation to pronounce the 2628:

in the management of power occurred with the institution of the

2498:

as the price of peace (18 April 1797) while France acquired the

2013:

by land and sent a large fleet to support his offensive by sea.

1392:. The war ended in 1085 when, following the death of the leader 968:

and the Croatian coast, the doge formally received the title of

12212: 10200: 10194: 10172: 10077: 10041: 9912: 9000: 7958: 7855: 6117: 6075: 4350:

Among the profane festivals, one of the most important was the

4181: 4153: 4075: 4044: 4020: 3996: 3924: 3719: 3654: 3642: 3373: 3303: 3295: 3240: 3228: 3220: 3196: 3132: 3124: 3112: 2842:, who expanded the dominions of the Republic into the mainland. 2733: 2651: 2459: 2455: 2349: 2274: 2065: 2061: 2030: 1949: 1922: 1883: 1851: 1843: 1762: 1747: 1566:

which ended with an overwhelming Venetian victory. In 1261 the

1538: 1396:, the Norman army abandoned its positions to return to Puglia. 1352: 1270: 1248: 1206: 1193: 1191:

invaded the lagoon, forcing the local population to retreat to

1160: 944:

ratified the independence of Venice from the Byzantine Empire.

806: 798: 767: 735: 722: 709: 299: 188: 7256:

When Myths Lose Power: Four Decades of Venetian Historiography

6410: 6408: 6406: 4192:, the latter dying in 1594, who marked the transition towards 3666:

sign, which in the 16th century transformed into a red cloth.

3107:

The regiments ultimately formed three administrative regions:

2375:

In the meantime, the Turks had suffered a grave defeat by the

2001:

resumed from 1499 to 1503. In 1499, Venice allied itself with

1497:

In the 12th century, Venice decided not to participate in the

11492: 11275: 10241: 10206: 10176: 10095: 9984: 9978: 9974: 8978: 8502: 8475: 6847: 6542: 6530: 6518: 6506: 6494: 6033: 6021: 6009: 4161: 4101: 4064: 4052: 3945: 3727: 3365: 3224: 3192: 3101: 2604: 2483: 2391:

in 1717 and 1718, however, met with little success. With the

2369: 2365: 2345: 2301: 1847: 1823:

was the 65th Doge of the Republic of Venice from 1423 to 1457

1806: 1616: 1534: 1372: 1114: 763: 215: 6720: 6718: 5985: 5859: 3483:'s Italian campaign, and in the reborn republic governed by 2980:, the Senate, the Council of Forty, the Council of Ten, the 1562:; on 24 June 1258 the two republics faced each other in the 906:. During the 8th century, when Venice still depended on the 856:

of 1718 and which caused the loss of all possessions in the

12000: 11477: 11208: 8470: 7190:

Da Mosto, Andrea (1940). Biblioteca d'Arte editrice (ed.).

7147:

Da Mosto, Andrea (1937). Biblioteca d'Arte editrice (ed.).

6482: 6446: 6403: 5391:. Catholic University of America Press. 2017. p. 151. 5090: 5088: 5086: 4079: 4056: 2633: 2487: 2175:, was from 1648 to 1669 the second longest siege in history 1805:. Between 1414 and 1423, some 10,000 slaves, imported from 988:('The Most Illustrious and Excellent Signoria of Venice'). 9891: 7347:

L'alba dei libri: Quando Venezia ha fatto leggere il mondo

6628: 6626: 6624: 5961: 5949: 5937: 5925: 5718: 5694: 5670: 5646: 5624: 5622: 5583: 5559: 5535: 5511: 4754: 4742: 3771:

administered the territory of the Republic first with the

1469:

13th–14th century: The Crusades and the rivalry with Genoa

1216:, with the throne. The system brought Agnello's two sons, 7563:. How foreign writers have understood Venice and its art. 6979: 6967: 6955: 6943: 6919: 6895: 6871: 6730: 6715: 6609: 6458: 6315: 6313: 6311: 5898: 5742: 5730: 5706: 5682: 5658: 5634: 5571: 5523: 5296: 5294: 5292: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4732: 4730: 2866:), the last great redemption of the Republic against the 2560:

Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men

1428:

broke out which was resolved with the restoration of the

1085:

The Duchy of Venice was born in the 9th century from the

985:

Illustrissima et Excellentissima deta Signoria de Venexia

876:, with legislative functions, which was supported by the 832:

Venetian expansion, however, led to the coalition of the

436:• Establishment under first doge as province of the 6907: 6655: 6653: 6470: 6266:(in Italian). Jewish Community of Venice. Archived from 6236:(in Italian). Jewish Community of Venice. Archived from 6206:(in Italian). Jewish Community of Venice. Archived from 6173:(in Italian). Jewish Community of Venice. Archived from 6101:(in Italian). Jewish Community of Venice. Archived from 6059:(in Italian). Jewish Community of Venice. Archived from 5997: 5915: 5913: 5888: 5886: 5871: 5799: 5787: 5136: 5124: 5100: 5083: 5071: 5059: 5035: 5023: 5011: 4987: 2822:, who led the Republic of Venice to domination over the 922:('Doge of the Venetians'), following the signing of the 7378:

Martin, John Jeffries and Dennis Romano (eds.) (2002).

6931: 6883: 6859: 6621: 6566: 6391: 5847: 5835: 5823: 5811: 5619: 5607: 5547: 4164:

from 1443 to 1453, later spreading to painting through

3703:

September 1469 when, through the efforts of the German

3445:

The Lion of Saint Mark is present on the facade of the

3409:

In the 15th century, the expansion and conquest of the

2009:. In the same year, the Ottoman sultan moved to attack 1761:

Venice expanded as well along the Dalmatian coast from

1260:. Orso managed to assign the dukedom to his eldest son 964:, and so starting from 1109, following the conquest of 840:, which in 1509 defeated the Republic of Venice in the 7641:

of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228)

7344:

Magno, Alessandro Marzo (2012). Garzanti Libri (ed.).

6308: 5595: 5471: 5459: 5289: 5148: 4999: 4970: 4958: 4946: 4934: 4922: 4910: 4898: 4886: 4874: 4862: 4838: 4826: 4814: 4802: 4790: 4778: 4766: 4727: 4715: 2075:

On 14 May 1509, Venice was crushingly defeated at the

1699: 1317:

11th–12th century: Relations with the Byzantine Empire

7555:(in Italian). Vol. 9. Venice: Pietro Naratovich. 7541:(in Italian). Vol. 8. Venice: Pietro Naratovich. 7527:(in Italian). Vol. 7. Venice: Pietro Naratovich. 7513:(in Italian). Vol. 3. Venice: Pietro Naratovich. 7499:(in Italian). Vol. 2. Venice: Pietro Naratovich. 7485:(in Italian). Vol. 1. Venice: Pietro Naratovich. 6805: 6691: 6650: 6638: 6351: 5910: 5883: 4679: 4667: 4655: 4643: 4631: 4180:

and – at the beginning of the sixteenth century – by

3787:

which then also incorporated the dioceses of Jesolo,

3525:: the first were the direct descendants of the first 2285:, who was the candidate backed by Venice and France. 1232:. Following the deposition of Giovanni Partecipazio, 1118:

to replace the Byzantine governors and in particular

872:

the Republic was directed by various assemblies: the

774:, as well as several cities and ports in the eastern 19:"La Serenissima" redirects here. For other uses, see 12776: 8433: 6703: 6554: 6430:(in Italian). Patriarcato de Venezia. Archived from 5973: 5112: 5047: 3870:

also served as the Armenians' main cultural center.

1633:, and in 1339 it signed a peace treaty in which the 11759:

Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia

7069:Castiglioni, Pietro (1862). Stamperia reale (ed.). 6777: 6775: 6194: 6192: 4850: 4703: 4691: 3310: 2617:, in 742 ducal electivity was transferred from the 2581:

The governmental structure of the Venetian Republic

1874:Miklós Marczali attacked the Venetian positions at 4582:"VENEZIA E LA LINGUA UFFICIALE DELLO STATO VENETO" 4347:which symbolized the maritime dominion of Venice. 4067:as well as other settlements on the shores of the 3498:The only equestrian order of the Republic was the 2893:meeting during a visit from the Spanish ambassador 2649:. In the 13th century the popular assembly of the 1925:, which it had held previously from 1395 to 1438. 1577:war between Genoa, the Byzantine Empire and Venice 1054: 7630:. Foreword by Arnaldo Mauri. Conselve: Think ADV. 7616:. Foreword by Arnaldo Mauri. Conselve: Think ADV. 6428:"Storia del Patriarcato – Patriarcato di Venezia" 4176:, after which Venetian art was revolutionized by 3694:until in 1737 the community declared bankruptcy. 1644:, but its participation was suspended due to the 1175:. After a long series of skirmishes in 805, Doge 730:), during its history it annexed a large part of 12837:1797 disestablishments in the Republic of Venice 12808: 7628:In Adriatico nell'antichità e nell'alto medioevo 6772: 6189: 4610: 4586:VENEZIA E LA LINGUA UFFICIALE DELLO STATO VENETO 4027:. Venice had a privileged relationship with the 2383:on 5 August 1716. Venetian naval efforts in the 2372:, but its defenders managed to throw them back. 1205:in 812, thus decreeing the birth of the city of 852:, which ended only in the 18th century with the 9619: 7199:(in Italian). Vol. 2. Rome. Archived from 7156:(in Italian). Vol. 1. Rome. Archived from 5388:The Jesuits and Italian Universities, 1548–1773 2637:, starting from 1141 with the beginning of the 2624:If the first stable form of involvement of the 2417:was named the last Captain General of the Sea ( 1171:and a pro-Byzantine party with a stronghold in 7566: 6536: 5271:National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 4529: 4339:, which included a parade of boats led by the 3862:first Armenian Catholic church, the church of 3079: 2411:(Venetian peace) throughout the 18th century. 1505:. The situation changed in 1202 when the Doge 1236:was elected who, with the promulgation of the 983: 726:area (a territory currently comparable to the 53: 12892:States and territories disestablished in 1797 11260: 10951: 10328: 9877: 9687: 8419: 7725: 7413:(in Italian). Venezia: Giambattista Andreola. 6137:"Storia – La nascita del Ghetto – I Tedeschi" 4544: 4515: 3402:, Captain General of the Mainland during the 2832:, who was beheaded for attempting to found a 2808:, who established Venetian dominion over the 2526: 1611:In the Venetian hinterland, the war waged by 1017: 712:. Founded, according to tradition, in 697 by 38: 8822:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia) 6143:. Jewish Community of Venice. Archived from 4246:. Based on the actors' improvisation and on 2532: 2214:held that these provisions were contrary to 1579:broke out, won by the Genoese following the 1367:in southern Italy. The Norman occupation of 1297:had a political vision close to that of the 888:, responsible for judicial matters, and the 459:independence, "province" dropped from name) 11100:County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos 7068: 7043: 6414: 6230:"Storia – La peste e la ripresa del Ghetto" 6123: 6081: 5249: 5230: 2848:, who led Venice in resistance against the 2206:In 1606, a conflict between Venice and the 1688:. Initially the Genoese managed to conquer 1351:managed to subjugate the coastal cities of 1032:, in reference to its title as one of the " 969: 954: 948: 931: 923: 917: 911: 11267: 11253: 10958: 10944: 10335: 10321: 9884: 9870: 9839:Regatta of the Historical Marine Republics 9694: 9680: 8426: 8412: 7732: 7718: 7664:La Repubblica del Leone. Storia di Venezia 7633: 7583:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7561:Myths of Venice: The Figuration of a State 7467:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7441:Preto, Paolo (2004). il Saggiatore (ed.). 7370:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7224:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7181:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7110:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7097:La Republica di Venezia e la corte di Roma 7085:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7060:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6053:"Storia – Le origini: Gli ebrei a Venezia" 5433:. New York: Abbeville Press. p. 255. 5255: 5166: 4078:market were: cotton, fabrics, iron, wood, 3999:, one of many forts that secured Venetian 2826:, giving rise to Venice's maritime empire. 2509:surrendered unconditionally on 12 May and 154: 12897:States and territories established in 697 8083: Administrative magistracies 7406: 7274:Howard, Deborah, and Sarah Quill (2004). 7249:Venice: a Cultural and Literary Companion 7125: 7093: 7027: 7009:The Commonwealth and Government of Venice 6937: 6925: 6913: 6853: 6548: 6524: 6512: 6500: 6488: 6476: 6464: 6452: 6397: 6374:. Harvard University Press. p. 149. 6319: 6039: 6027: 6015: 6003: 5991: 5877: 5865: 5841: 5829: 5817: 5805: 5793: 5235:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4227:, was inaugurated with a presentation of 3576:Venetian citizenship was of three types: 1754:won a crushing victory against the Turks 1509:decided to exploit the expedition of the 10342: 7614:Il confine d'Italia in Istria e Dalmazia 7189: 7146: 5919: 5904: 5892: 5853: 5748: 5736: 5712: 5688: 5664: 5640: 5628: 5613: 5601: 5577: 5553: 5529: 5489: 5312: 4613:"Venezia 1600: un dialetto e una lingua" 4305: 4265: 4203: 3982: 3974: 3893:of Venice were allowed to remain in the 3834: 3759: 3630: 3620: 3440: 3394: 3325: 3083: 3070:that in 1355 it even condemned the Doge 3009: 2954: 2884: 2671:, the political center of the Republic. 2576: 2434: 2317: 2307: 2178: 2162: 2068:ports; the king of France: Cremona; the 1982: 1967: 1815: 1713: 1488: 1337: 1326: 1301:and consequently attempted to establish 1064: 662:suggests that this may be a mistake for 8777:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca 7545: 7531: 7517: 7503: 7489: 7475: 7417: 6985: 6973: 6961: 6949: 6901: 6889: 6877: 6865: 6584: 5967: 5955: 5943: 5931: 5724: 5700: 5676: 5652: 5589: 5565: 5541: 5517: 5477: 5465: 5300: 5167:Witzenrath, Christoph (November 2015). 5154: 4820: 4808: 4796: 4784: 4772: 4760: 4748: 4736: 4721: 4685: 4673: 4661: 4649: 4637: 2880: 2137:, and papal ships under the command of 1187:in 810, the Frankish army commanded by 1134:. The Venetians elected by acclamation 1077:, was the main place of worship in the 670:, and that the traditional second doge 12809: 9701: 7739: 7437:, Itinera Progetti, Bassano del Grappa 7296: 7265: 7120:The Imperial Age of Venice, 1380–1580. 6369: 5357:"Europe in an age of crisis 1600–1750" 5277:from the original on 30 September 2020 1672:. The weakness of the Republic pushed 1201:who definitively moved the capital to 1002:Republic of the Seven United Provinces 971:Venetiae Dalmatiae atque Chroatiae Dux 160:Map of the Venetian overseas domains ( 11248: 10939: 10316: 9865: 9675: 8407: 7713: 7658: 7440: 7343: 7134:from the original on 4 September 2023 6835:from the original on 17 February 2019 6811: 6793:from the original on 17 February 2019 6760:from the original on 17 February 2019 6736: 6724: 6709: 6697: 6659: 6644: 6632: 6615: 6572: 6560: 6357: 5979: 5423: 5205: 5173:(New ed.). Ashgate. p. 13. 5142: 5130: 5118: 5106: 5094: 5077: 5065: 5053: 5041: 5029: 5017: 5005: 4993: 4981: 4964: 4952: 4940: 4928: 4916: 4904: 4892: 4880: 4868: 4856: 4844: 4832: 4709: 4697: 4619:from the original on 26 December 2022 1399:Having taken office in 1118, Emperor 1331:The commercial ports included in the 991:During the 17th century, monarchical 12822:7th-century establishments in Europe 11805:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy 7020: 6587:"Eta Ducale – Le risorse: le saline" 5354: 5231:Mallett, M. E.; Hale, J. R. (1984). 4615:(in Italian). Università di Padova. 4604: 4592:from the original on 2 November 2022 2858:, who led Venice in the recovery of 2674: 2611:. Following the brief regime of the 2257:, Spanish governor of Milan, around 2141:, defeated the Turkish fleet at the 1549:Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople 1289:who in 958 assigned the position of 12827:7th-century establishments in Italy 10965: 10920: 10365:Decline of the Western Roman Empire 8058: Judicial magistracies 7401:Civic Ritual in Renaissance Venice. 7276:The Architectural History of Venice 6675:. Città di Venezia. 19 March 2020. 5760: 5405:from the original on 2 October 2022 3541:. In 1774, all noble houses of the 2443:(1797): the abdication of the last 1700:15th century: Territorial expansion 750:as well as numerous islands in the 16:Sovereign state in Italy (697–1797) 13: 11274: 10457:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire 8131:Riformatori dello studio di Padova 7621:In Adriatico nel secondo millennio 7000: 5447:from the original on 19 March 2021 5187:from the original on 19 March 2021 4422:Timeline of the Republic of Venice 4031:starting from 1082 when, with the 3830: 3797:Basilica of San Pietro di Castello 3223:, as well as the large islands of 2283:Charles II Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers 2261:in 1617 and in the countryside of 1081:between the 7th and 9th centuries. 1050:Timeline of the Republic of Venice 674:may have been the similarly named 626:Provisional Municipality of Venice 14: 12908: 10887:Historiography in the Middle Ages 9586:United Provinces of Central Italy 8096:Provveditori sopra beni communali 8073: Fiscal magistracies 7682: 6679:from the original on 14 June 2020 6333:"Aldo Manuzio – Note biografiche" 5775:from the original on 4 March 2016 4546:Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia 4467:Venetian Renaissance architecture 4092:Coinage of the Republic of Venice 3362:Superintendent General of the Sea 3151:and Gambarare, while the city of 2048:in 1508, under the leadership of 2005:of France against Milan, gaining 1894:, and other Dalmatian cities. In 1738:. Hostilities began after Prince 1285:managed to elect six doges up to 1163:in 774, with the creation of the 1046:History of the Republic of Venice 1010:Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia 805:and established on the island of 40:Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia 12793: 12779: 12761: 12760: 12749: 11039: 10919: 10910: 10909: 10899: 9944: 9818: 9806: 9794: 9782: 9768: 9752: 9739: 9726: 9714: 8435:List of historic states of Italy 7835: 7570:Il Fondaco dei Turchi in Venezia 7036:Brown, Patricia Fortini (2004). 6817: 6742: 6665: 6578: 6420: 6363: 6325: 6282: 6252: 6222: 6167:"Storia – Levantini e Ponentini" 6159: 6129: 6087: 6045: 5430:Venice: The Golden Age, 697–1797 4611:Francesca Forzan (29 May 2021). 4406:List of historic states of Italy 3311:Armed forces and public security 2944: 2721: 2702: 2352:, crossed the isthmus, and took 2314:Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718) 1948:In February 1489, the island of 1921:. In 1481, Venice retook nearby 1640:In 1343 Venice took part in the 1619:returned to the dominion of the 1359:of 1054 and the outbreak of the 630: 605: 144: 110: 89: 82: 12832:1797 disestablishments in Italy 12490:Orders, decorations, and medals 10385:Christianity in the Middle Ages 10380:Decline of Hellenistic religion 9568:Provisional Government of Milan 8101:Provveditori sopra beni inculti 7385:Melisseides Ioannes A. (2010), 6995: 5754: 5483: 5417: 5379: 5348: 5331: 5306: 5224: 5199: 5160: 4558:Serenìsima Repùblega de Venexia 4395:History of the Byzantine Empire 3663:Monastery of San Nicolò al Lido 3500:Order of Saint Mark or the Doge 3493:Lagunari Regiment "Serenissima" 3239:, but were also established in 2607:, at the head of which was the 2148: 2133:, composed mainly of Venetian, 1769:, which was acquired from King 1750:. The conflict escalated until 1443:, which would later become the 1055:9th–10th century: The ducal age 1014:Serenìsima Repùblega de Venexia 910:, the doge was called in Latin 55:Serenìsima Repùblega de Venexia 21:La Serenissima (disambiguation) 11171:Livonian Brothers of the Sword 11058:Latin Empire of Constantinople 10663:Crisis of the late Middle Ages 10302:Fall of the Republic of Venice 8767:City of Fiume and its District 7937: Principal organs 6200:"Storia – La Natione italiana" 4574: 4537: 4501: 3755: 3566:were educated for free at the 2645:, the largest assembly of the 2490:. In the preliminaries to the 2441:fall of the Republic of Venice 2431:Fall of the Republic of Venice 2344:The Turks took the islands of 2304:peninsula in southern Greece. 1931:captured the Kingdom of Bosnia 1656:. Following the defeat in the 1380:. The following year, Emperor 1346:influence in Venetian culture. 1093:. According to tradition, the 32:Most Serene Republic of Venice 1: 11105:Lordship of Argos and Nauplia 10837:Disability in the Middle Ages 10510:Rise of the Republic of Genoa 10442:Rise of the Venetian Republic 9202:County of Apulia and Calabria 8708:Campagna e Marittima Province 8106:Esecutori contro la bestemmia 7792:Serrata del Maggior Consiglio 7552:Storia documentata di Venezia 7538:Storia documentata di Venezia 7524:Storia documentata di Venezia 7510:Storia documentata di Venezia 7496:Storia documentata di Venezia 7482:Storia documentata di Venezia 7126:Ciriacono, Salvatore (1996). 6585:Hocquet, Jean-Claude (1992). 4567: 4385: 4301: 3885:In Venice there was also the 3697: 3617:History of the Jews in Venice 3020:Also known as the Council of 2933:, the local defense militias. 2776:and the three leaders of the 2296:, the republic initiated the 2267:War of the Mantuan Succession 1597:Serrata del Maggior Consiglio 1071:Church of Santa Maria Assunta 117: 12857:History of the Mediterranean 8279:Venetian commercial shipping 8189:Provveditore Generale da Mar 7623:. Foreword by Arnaldo Mauri. 7444:I servizi segreti di Venezia 7232:Drechsler, Wolfgang (2002). 6095:"Storia – La prima condotta" 5768:(in Italian). pp. 1–2. 5363:. p. 26. Archived from 5315:The Ottoman Empire 1326–1699 5269:] (PhD thesis). Athens: 4442:Venetian Gothic architecture 4047:and in Asian cities such as 3912: 3588:, religious or professional 3188:Provveditore Generale da Mar 2974:Lockout of the Great Council 2661:Lockout of the Great Council 2505:After Napoleon's ultimatum, 2273:, and Venice's closest ally 1978:War of the League of Cambrai 1788:Devotion of Verona to Venice 1623:. In 1338, Venice conquered 1481:Battle of Adramyttion (1334) 897: 742:, the coasts of present-day 7: 12852:History of the Adriatic Sea 12530:Water supply and sanitation 11954:Italian geographical region 11822:Monarchy and the World Wars 11764:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 11650:War of the Sicilian Vespers 11303:Timeline of Italian history 11153:State of the Teutonic Order 11026:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 10060:Napoli di Romania (Nafplio) 9604:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia 9598:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 9550:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza 8728:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza 7796:Wars of expansion in Italy 7595:. On Venetian architecture. 7007:Contarini, Gasparo (1599). 5497:. Tallandier. p. 452. 4369: 3951: 3866:, dates back only to 1682. 3750: 3191:who lived on the island of 3080:Administrative subdivisions 2802:, the first Doge of Venice. 2572: 2421:) of the Republic in 1784. 2183:Captain General of the Sea 1987:Captain General of the Sea 1846:were acquired in 1404, and 1746:and established himself as 1742:ended the civil war of the 1627:, the first nucleus of the 1529:and several islands in the 728:Metropolitan City of Venice 654:is traditionally the first 140:Greater coat of arms (1706) 10: 12913: 12449:Inventions and discoveries 11859:Fall of the Fascist regime 11842:Fourth War of Independence 11800:Expedition of the Thousand 11790:Second War of Independence 10638:Rise of the Ottoman Empire 10171:(1383–1537/79), then only 9544:Duchy of Modena and Reggio 9538:Duchy of Massa and Carrara 8939:Prince-Bishopric of Trento 8909:Duchy of Modena and Reggio 8894:Duchy of Massa and Carrara 8184:Captain General of the Sea 8121:Cinque savi alla mercanzia 7634:Van Tricht, Filip (2011). 7593:Venice and the Renaissance 7245:Venice: a Cultural History 6537:Sagredo & Berchet 1860 5763:"Ravenna in età Veneziana" 5361:Cambridge University Press 5313:Turnbull, Stephen (2003). 4364:Spanish-style bullfighting 4261: 4212:built in 1655 by Giovanni 4199: 4134: 4127:, over whose activity the 4089: 4085: 4033:issuing of the Golden Bull 3908:Economic history of Venice 3905: 3901: 3614: 3505: 3447:Scuola Grande di San Marco 3434: 3430: 3388: 3370:Captain General of the Sea 3319: 2948: 2876:, the last Doge of Venice. 2683: 2428: 2311: 2255:Don Pedro de Toledo Osorio 2152: 1915:conspiracy for a rebellion 1703: 1541:, thus giving life to the 1478: 1472: 1320: 1058: 1043: 1039: 836:, Spain and France in the 18: 12745: 12543: 12389: 12380: 12244: 12235: 12223:Security and intelligence 12096: 12087: 11949: 11940: 11883: 11810:Third War of Independence 11785:First War of Independence 11772: 11665: 11574: 11455: 11392: 11311: 11295: 11286: 11217: 11138: 11048: 11037: 10982: 10973: 10895: 10824: 10683: 10578: 10565:Mongol invasion of Europe 10470: 10350: 10275:Podestà of Constantinople 10257: 10216: 10117: 10030: 9953: 9942: 9903: 9834: 9777: 9766: 9709: 9656:Free Territory of Trieste 9516: 9446: 9385: 9368: 9292: 9229: 9192: 9174:Principality of Benevento 9166: 9143: 9088: 9077: 9019: 8989: 8741: 8691: 8645: 8576: 8563: 8526: 8441: 8379: 8345:Accademia degli Incogniti 8305: 8298: 8220: 8213: 8149: 8002:Procurators of Saint Mark 7929: 7922: 7851: 7844: 7833: 7750: 7591:Tafuri, Manfredo (1995). 7407:Mutinelli, Fabio (1851). 7323:Venice: Maritime Republic 7281:Hale, John Rigby (1974). 7260:Journal of Modern History 7128:"Industria e artigianato" 5317:. Routledge. p. 58. 5210:. New York: I.B. Tauris. 4115:On 31 October 1284, Doge 3726:character and the hooked 3417: 3354:The fleet located in the 3006:and indirectly the Doge. 2540: 1813:), were sold in Venice. 913:Dux Venetiarum Provinciae 827:expansion on the mainland 716:, over the course of its 696:, traditionally known as 646: 584: 570: 566: 549: 536: 523: 510: 497: 484: 467: 447: 434: 430: 409: 396: 384: 373: 369: 357: 345: 341: 331: 305: 293: 282: 226: 198: 169: 153: 138: 128: 78: 73: 30: 11901:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus 11896:Institutional referendum 11090:Duchy of the Archipelago 10169:Duchy of the Archipelago 9844:Coat of Arms of the Navy 9562:Italian United Provinces 8914:Principality of Piombino 8703:Patrimony of Saint Peter 7433:Prelli, Alberto (2012). 7266:Hanlon, Gregory (1997). 7254:Grubb, James S. (1986). 7243:Garrett, Martin (2006). 7118:Chambers, D. S. (1970). 7050:. Vol. 10. Venezia. 7028:Benvenuti, Gino (1989). 4494: 4012:Giustiniano Participazio 3970: 3876:Church of San Bartolomeo 3868:San Lazzaro degli Armeni 3864:Santa Croce degli Armeni 3848:Greek Orthodox community 3821:Marco Antonio de Dominis 3747:were printed in Venice. 2750:, or commander) was the 2439:A portrait painting the 2419:Capitano Generale da Mar 1943:briefly captured Otranto 1880:Patriarchate of Aquileia 1262:Giovanni II Participazio 1258:Patriarchate of Aquileia 359:• 1789–1797 (last) 12817:1st millennium in Italy 12424:Emigration and diaspora 11633:Guelphs and Ghibellines 11618:the Sardinian Judicates 11070:Kingdom of Thessalonica 11004:Principality of Antioch 10976:List of Crusader states 10520:Investiture Controversy 10490:Second Bulgarian Empire 10147:(1205–1669), then only 9969:Cerigotto (Anticythera) 9650:Italian Social Republic 9325:Principality of Taranto 9217:Principality of Taranto 9179:Principality of Salerno 8934:Bishopric of Tarantasia 8757:Bishopric of Bressanone 8674:Duchy of the Pentapolis 8310:Scuole Grandi of Venice 7694:Encyclopædia Britannica 7032:. Rome: Newton Compton. 7030:Le repubbliche marinare 6750:"Grozzo Enrico Dandolo" 5257:Manousakas, Manousos I. 4557: 4530: 4525: 4477:Venetian School (music) 4447:Venetian Ionian Islands 4019:, caravans of merchant 3610: 3545:were also added to the 3452:Since the retrieval of 3384: 3315: 2951:Great Council of Venice 2679: 2647:Veneciarum municipality 2424: 1445:Great Council of Venice 1022:or more simply that of 1013: 984: 793:duchy dependent on the 347:• 697–717 (first) 199:Official languages 54: 12862:History of the Balkans 12306:Science and technology 12254:Italian regions by GDP 12055:Marine protected areas 11727:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 11192:Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek 11095:Triarchy of Negroponte 11075:Principality of Achaea 11063:Duchy of Philippopolis 10877:Post-classical history 10633:Fall of Constantinople 10540:Capet–Plantagenet feud 10407:First Bulgarian Empire 10203:(1451–1537, 1687–1715) 10074:(1407–1540, 1687–1699) 9556:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 9330:Terra Sancti Benedicti 9234:(from the 9th century) 8944:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 8136:Magistrato alla Sanità 8091:Provveditori all'Armar 7559:Rosand, David (2001). 7234:Venice Misappropriated 7100:. Vol. 1. Venice. 6673:"Storia dell'Arsenale" 6370:Gordon, Scott (2009). 6290:"Privilegio di stampa" 4550: 4545: 4516: 4511: 4411:Ottoman wars in Europe 4315: 4278: 4216: 4139: 4007: 3980: 3842: 3785:Patriarchate of Venice 3767: 3714:Between 1495 and 1515 3638: 3628: 3449: 3406: 3339: 3330:Depiction of Venetian 3089: 2963: 2894: 2582: 2533: 2527: 2515:Treaty of Campo Formio 2451: 2381:Battle of Petrovaradin 2334: 2290:Cretan War (1645–1669) 2191: 2176: 2155:Cretan War (1645–1669) 1995: 1980: 1976:, which triggered the 1824: 1797:was divided in to the 1784:Gian Galeazzo Visconti 1727: 1710:Croatian–Venetian wars 1613:Mastino II della Scala 1523:empire was dismembered 1494: 1347: 1335: 1264:who, after conquering 1082: 1018: 1009: 970: 955: 949: 932: 924: 918: 912: 866:Treaty of Campo Formio 718:1,100 years of history 557:Treaty of Campo Formio 501:Sack of Constantinople 39: 12505:Public administration 11613:the Holy Roman Empire 11182:Bishopric of Courland 11177:Archbishopric of Riga 10292:Venetian–Genoese wars 10287:Ottoman–Venetian wars 10244:(13th century – 1365) 9921:(11th century – 1797) 9915:(10th century – 1797) 9574:Republic of San Marco 9356:Crown Colony of Malta 9184:Principality of Capua 8924:Marquisate of Saluzzo 8787:County of Santa Fiora 8449:Etruscan civilization 8162:Conflicts and battles 8126:Magistrato alle pompe 8086:Magistrato alle acque 8051:Correttori alle Leggi 7822:Ottoman–Venetian wars 7787:Venetian–Genoese wars 7626:Tomaz, Luigi (2001). 7612:Tomaz, Luigi (2007). 7604:29 March 2017 at the 7447:(in Italian). Milan. 7399:Muir, Edward (1981). 7319:Lane, Frederic Chapin 7247:. Revised edition of 5495:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 4512:Repubblica di Venezia 4472:Venetian School (art) 4416:Republic of San Marco 4309: 4269: 4221:Compagnie della Calza 4207: 4184:. This era ends with 4100:, the minting of the 3987:The Venetian fort of 3986: 3978: 3856:San Giorgio dei Greci 3840:San Giorgio dei Greci 3838: 3799:which was changed to 3773:Patriarchate of Grado 3763: 3634: 3624: 3564:impoverished nobility 3444: 3398: 3329: 3087: 3010:Principal magistrates 2958: 2888: 2580: 2563:(1755), he published 2554:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 2438: 2393:Treaty of Passarowitz 2321: 2308:18th century: Decline 2182: 2166: 1999:War with the Ottomans 1986: 1971: 1819: 1811:Black Sea slave trade 1803:Black Sea slave trade 1756:off Gallipoli in 1416 1717: 1492: 1475:Venetian–Genoese wars 1378:Byzantine-Norman wars 1341: 1330: 1087:Byzantine territories 1068: 1034:Most Serene Republics 854:Treaty of Passarowitz 540:Treaty of Passarowitz 12733:World Heritage Sites 12188:Council of Ministers 11926:Coronavirus pandemic 11324:Currency and coinage 10992:Kingdom of Jerusalem 10857:Medieval reenactment 10653:Renaissance Humanism 10560:Medieval Warm Period 10530:Republic of Florence 10344:European Middle Ages 10108:Kingdom of the Morea 10009:Santa Maura (Leucas) 9370:French Revolutionary 9310:State of the Presidi 9034:Republic of Florence 9006:Domini di Terraferma 8656:Exarchate of Ravenna 8554:Western Roman Empire 8498:Nuragic civilization 8320:Venetian Renaissance 8076:Camerlenghi di Comun 7868:Domini di Terraferma 7419:Norwich, John Julius 7336:Laven, Mary (2002). 6597:on 19 September 2018 4552:Most Serene Republic 4526:Repùblega de Venexia 4452:Venetian nationalism 4343:and the rite of the 3880:Fondaco dei Tedeschi 3852:San Biagio in Venice 3259:Domini di Terraferma 2909:it took the name of 2899:Sages of the Council 2881:College of the Sages 2800:Paolo Lucio Anafesto 2597:Western Roman Empire 2339:Turkish–Venetian War 2271:battle of Villabuona 1860:Sigismund of Hungary 1795:Venetian slave trade 1790:in 1405) and Padua. 1779:the Dalmatian cities 1775:civil war in Hungary 1630:Domini di Terraferma 1583:and ending in 1299. 1441:Consilium Sapientium 1361:investiture struggle 1252:from attacks by the 1199:Agnello Participazio 1108:attempted to extend 982:was fully named the 795:Exarchate of Ravenna 714:Paolo Lucio Anafesto 708:with its capital in 652:Paolo Lucio Anafesto 613:Exarchate of Ravenna 398:• Lower chamber 386:• Upper chamber 352:Paolo Lucio Anafesto 12872:Italian city-states 12264:Automotive industry 12203:Metropolitan cities 11749:Early Modern period 11722:Kingdom of Sardinia 11673:Italian city-states 11187:Bishopric of Dorpat 11118:Knights Hospitaller 10570:Kingdom of Portugal 10437:Old Church Slavonic 10422:Anglo-Saxon England 10072:Lepanto (Nafpaktos) 10048:Negroponte (Euboea) 9644:Free State of Fiume 9592:Kingdom of Sardinia 9335:Neapolitan Republic 9283:Kingdom of Sardinia 9278:Republic of Sassari 9106:Catepanate of Italy 9029:Republic of Cospaia 8852:Duchy of Montferrat 8847:March of Montferrat 8782:County of Guastalla 8682:Exarchate of Africa 8350:Accademia Veneziana 8315:Gothic architecture 8046:Avogadoria de Comùn 7666:. Milan: Bompiani. 7423:A History of Venice 7163:on 28 February 2020 6856:, pp. 381–382. 6739:, pp. 366–367. 6727:, pp. 158–163. 6618:, pp. 160–161. 6551:, pp. 478–487. 6527:, pp. 474–475. 6515:, pp. 489–493. 6503:, pp. 459–461. 6270:on 21 December 2019 6240:on 21 December 2019 6210:on 21 December 2019 6177:on 21 December 2019 6147:on 21 December 2019 6126:, pp. 123–132. 6105:on 28 November 2019 6084:, pp. 120–123. 6063:on 29 November 2019 6042:, pp. 364–365. 6030:, pp. 105–106. 6018:, pp. 278–279. 5994:, pp. 223–224. 5970:, pp. 357–360. 5958:, pp. 372–373. 5946:, pp. 371–372. 5934:, pp. 369–371. 5868:, pp. 196–197. 5727:, pp. 336–337. 5703:, pp. 334–335. 5679:, pp. 333–334. 5655:, pp. 331–333. 5592:, pp. 330–331. 5568:, pp. 327–330. 5544:, pp. 326–327. 5520:, pp. 322–326. 5367:on 3 September 2018 5206:Engel, Pál (2001). 5145:, pp. 199–205. 5133:, pp. 172–173. 5109:, pp. 147–149. 5097:, pp. 142–144. 5080:, pp. 138–140. 5068:, pp. 128–132. 5044:, pp. 114–115. 5032:, pp. 110–111. 5020:, pp. 102–103. 4996:, pp. 117–118. 4763:, pp. 569–573. 4751:, pp. 423–428. 4345:Marriage of the Sea 4325:Feast of Saint Mark 4225:Teatro San Cassiano 4172:culture) following 4146:Italian Renaissance 3817:Pier Paolo Vergerio 3805:Counter-Reformation 3777:Diocese of Castello 3671:defeat of Agnadello 3636:Levantine Synagogue 3560:University of Padua 3555:Avogadoria de Comùn 3553:was managed by the 3454:Mark the Evangelist 3400:Bartolomeo Colleoni 3360:was managed by the 3053:Similar to today's 3049:Avogadoria de Comùn 2988:as well as all the 2986:Avogadoria de Comùn 2959:An assembly of the 2778:Quarantia Criminale 2566:The Social Contract 2502:part of the state. 2360:, and the bases of 2263:Romano di Lombardia 2139:Don John of Austria 2119:full-scale invasion 2077:battle of Agnadello 1919:Council of Florence 1771:Ladislaus of Naples 1744:Ottoman Interregnum 1384:granted Venice the 1307:Venetian patriciate 1287:Pietro III Candiano 1244:Orso I Participazio 1073:, on the island of 846:long series of wars 842:Battle of Agnadello 781:The islands of the 672:Marcello Tegalliano 660:John Julius Norwich 422:Early modern period 12887:Republic of Venice 12882:Maritime republics 12801:Middle Ages portal 12326:Telecommunications 11693:Maritime republics 11227:Crusading movement 11123:Hospitaller Rhodes 11085:Duchy of Neopatras 10751:In popular culture 10716:Crusading movement 10588:Hundred Years' War 10447:Civitas Schinesghe 10432:Carolingian Empire 10417:Kingdom of Croatia 10370:Barbarian kingdoms 9897:Republic of Venice 9826:Republic of Ragusa 9801:Republic of Ancona 9760:Republic of Venice 9703:Maritime republics 9474:Lucca and Piombino 9351:Malta Protectorate 9315:Duke of San Donato 9069:Republic of Ancona 8991:Republic of Venice 8904:Duchy of Mirandola 8792:Duchy of Guastalla 8630:Duchy of Tridentum 8610:Duchy of Benevento 8577:Barbarian kingdoms 8367:Carnival of Venice 8066:Lords of the Night 7990:Savi di Terraferma 7985:Savi del Consiglio 7975:Signoria of Venice 7951:promissione ducale 7777:Chrysobull of 1082 7742:Republic of Venice 7283:Renaissance Venice 6434:on 9 February 2019 4382:Francesco Apostoli 4377:Commune Veneciarum 4321:St Mark's Basilica 4316: 4279: 4244:commedia dell'arte 4217: 4210:Teatro San Samuele 4008: 3981: 3887:Fondaco dei Turchi 3843: 3768: 3765:St Mark's Basilica 3639: 3629: 3543:Mainland Dominions 3463:Terre di San Marco 3450: 3437:Lion of Saint Mark 3424:Lords of the Night 3407: 3340: 3090: 2964: 2895: 2856:Francesco Morosini 2762:promissione ducale 2690:Signoria of Venice 2583: 2462:. In spring 1796, 2452: 2335: 2249:of Austria in the 2247:Archduke Ferdinand 2192: 2177: 2096:Karpasia Peninsula 2052:. The pope wanted 1996: 1981: 1898:, Venice acquired 1825: 1799:Balkan slave trade 1728: 1666:Louis I of Hungary 1658:Battle of Sapienza 1654:War of the Straits 1642:Smyrniote crusades 1560:War of Saint Sabas 1519:besiege it in 1204 1515:conquered the city 1495: 1485:Smyrniote crusades 1458:promissione ducale 1406:maritime republics 1382:Alexios I Komnenos 1355:and Dalmatia. The 1348: 1336: 1333:chrystobol of 1082 1295:Pietro IV Candiano 1165:Carolingian Empire 1083: 938:Carolingian Empire 825:of 1381 and begin 694:Republic of Venice 319:classical republic 227:Minority languages 12867:History of Venice 12774: 12773: 12741: 12740: 12376: 12375: 12311:Southern question 12231: 12230: 12163:Political parties 12111:Foreign relations 12083: 12082: 11936: 11935: 11657:Kingdom of Naples 11645:Kingdom of Sicily 11242: 11241: 11209:Free City of Riga 11031:Kingdom of Cyprus 11021:County of Tripoli 10933: 10932: 10842:Basic topics list 10643:Swiss mercenaries 10593:Wars of the Roses 10500:Kingdom of Poland 10485:Holy Roman Empire 10352:Early Middle Ages 10310: 10309: 10270:Partitio Romaniae 9991:Zante (Zakynthos) 9859: 9858: 9734:Republic of Genoa 9669: 9668: 9665: 9664: 9512: 9511: 9479:Massa and Carrara 9364: 9363: 9341:Hospitaller Malta 9300:Kingdom of Naples 9294:Kingdom of Sicily 9225: 9224: 9135:Duchy of Sorrento 9054:Republic of Genoa 9049:Republic of Siena 9044:Republic of Massa 9039:Republic of Lucca 8772:County of Gorizia 8762:Corsican Republic 8743:Holy Roman Empire 8401: 8400: 8375: 8374: 8294: 8293: 8209: 8208: 8034:State Inquisitors 7965:Commune of Venice 7918: 7917: 7689:Venetian Republic 7673:978-88-452-9136-4 7651:978-90-04-20323-5 7644:. Leiden: Brill. 7311:978-88-95996-69-1 7021:Secondary sources 6988:, pp. 44–45. 6976:, pp. 36–40. 6964:, pp. 30–32. 6952:, pp. 25–29. 6904:, pp. 54–55. 6880:, pp. 51–52. 6635:, pp. 35–36. 6575:, pp. 74–75. 6491:, pp. 85–90. 6455:, pp. 14–16. 6339:on 10 August 2017 5907:, pp. 21–22. 5761:Berengo, Marino. 5751:, pp. 52–61. 5739:, pp. 68–69. 5715:, pp. 63–64. 5691:, pp. 34–38. 5667:, pp. 30–32. 5643:, pp. 22–23. 5580:, pp. 16–17. 5532:, pp. 15–16. 5491:Trousson, Raymond 5324:978-0-415-96913-0 5217:978-1-8504-3977-6 5008:, pp. 80–81. 4984:, pp. 91–93. 4967:, pp. 82–83. 4955:, pp. 71–73. 4943:, pp. 65–67. 4931:, pp. 62–64. 4919:, pp. 53–55. 4907:, pp. 51–53. 4895:, pp. 46–48. 4883:, pp. 40–44. 4871:, pp. 37–38. 4847:, pp. 27–31. 4835:, pp. 24–26. 4517:Repubblica Veneta 4482:Venetian Slovenia 4462:Venetian nobility 4437:Venetian Dalmatia 4432:Venetian Carnival 4333:Festa della Sensa 4312:Festa della Sensa 4233:Benedetto Ferrari 4037:Manuel I Komnenos 3740:Lucantonio Giunti 3677:, many Jews from 3675:League of Cambrai 3602:Citizens de extra 3596:Citizens de intra 3580:Original citizens 3364:, who resided in 3203:, also including 3055:public prosecutor 2850:League of Cambrai 2840:Francesco Foscari 2806:Pietro II Orseolo 2675:Government system 2523:Venetian Province 2478:. The army under 2324:Lodovico Flangini 2294:Great Turkish War 2243:Holy Roman Empire 2201:Thirty Years' War 2143:battle of Lepanto 2046:League of Cambrai 2019:battle of Zonchio 1989:Sebastiano Venier 1958:Kingdom of Cyprus 1821:Francesco Foscari 1581:Battle of Curzola 1463:Commune of Venice 1311:Pietro II Orseolo 1299:Holy Roman Empire 1276:Pietro I Candiano 998:Republic of Genoa 976:Venetian language 950:Domino Venetiarum 838:League of Cambrai 834:Habsburg monarchy 706:maritime republic 690: 689: 668:Exarch of Ravenna 642: 641: 638: 637: 618: 617: 527:Battle of Lepanto 287:Roman Catholicism 98:Standard and flag 12904: 12847:Former republics 12842:Christian states 12803: 12798: 12797: 12789: 12784: 12783: 12782: 12764: 12763: 12756:Italy portal 12753: 12752: 12693:National symbols 12387: 12386: 12242: 12241: 12094: 12093: 11947: 11946: 11827:Kingdom of Italy 11754:Napoleonic Italy 11293: 11292: 11269: 11262: 11255: 11246: 11245: 11202:Order of Dobrzyń 11130:Genoese colonies 11043: 11009:County of Edessa 10960: 10953: 10946: 10937: 10936: 10923: 10922: 10913: 10912: 10903: 10862:Medieval studies 10706:Church and State 10580:Late Middle Ages 10472:High Middle Ages 10390:Christianization 10360:Migration Period 10337: 10330: 10323: 10314: 10313: 10258:Related articles 10175:(1383–1617) and 10050:(1209/1390–1470) 9965:Cerigo (Cythera) 9958:and dependencies 9948: 9935:Venetian Albania 9925:Durazzo (Durrës) 9886: 9879: 9872: 9863: 9862: 9852: 9824: 9822: 9821: 9813:Republic of Noli 9811: 9810: 9809: 9799: 9798: 9797: 9787: 9786: 9785: 9772: 9758: 9756: 9755: 9747:Republic of Pisa 9745: 9743: 9742: 9732: 9730: 9729: 9719: 9718: 9717: 9696: 9689: 9682: 9673: 9672: 9630:Kingdom of Italy 9617: 9616: 9383: 9382: 9212:County of Sicily 9207:County of Aversa 9130:Byzantine Sicily 9116:Theme of Lucania 9086: 9085: 9064:Republic of Pisa 9059:Republic of Noli 8929:Duchy of Spoleto 8899:Duchy of Merania 8797:Kingdom of Italy 8723:Duchy of Ferrara 8668:Duchy of Perugia 8647:Byzantine Empire 8625:Duchy of Spoleto 8592:Ostrogothic rule 8574: 8573: 8442:Pre-Roman period 8428: 8421: 8414: 8405: 8404: 8393: 8386: 8303: 8302: 8225:Economic history 8218: 8217: 8179:Venetian Arsenal 8157:Military history 8141:Grand chancellor 8084: 8074: 8059: 8041:Council of Forty 7995:Savi agli Ordini 7961:(abolished 1423) 7938: 7927: 7926: 7888:Venetian Albania 7849: 7848: 7839: 7805:Wars in Lombardy 7743: 7734: 7727: 7720: 7711: 7710: 7677: 7655: 7588: 7582: 7574: 7556: 7547:Romanin, Samuele 7542: 7533:Romanin, Samuele 7528: 7519:Romanin, Samuele 7514: 7505:Romanin, Samuele 7500: 7491:Romanin, Samuele 7486: 7477:Romanin, Samuele 7472: 7466: 7458: 7430: 7414: 7375: 7369: 7361: 7315: 7271: 7229: 7223: 7215: 7213: 7211: 7205: 7198: 7186: 7180: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7162: 7155: 7143: 7141: 7139: 7115: 7109: 7101: 7090: 7084: 7076: 7065: 7059: 7051: 7033: 7013:online facsimile 6989: 6983: 6977: 6971: 6965: 6959: 6953: 6947: 6941: 6935: 6929: 6923: 6917: 6911: 6905: 6899: 6893: 6887: 6881: 6875: 6869: 6863: 6857: 6851: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6821: 6815: 6809: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6779: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6746: 6740: 6734: 6728: 6722: 6713: 6707: 6701: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6669: 6663: 6657: 6648: 6642: 6636: 6630: 6619: 6613: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6593:. 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Knopf 7363: 7362: 7358: 7312: 7298:Karpov, Serghei 7217: 7216: 7209: 7207: 7206:on 4 March 2016 7203: 7196: 7174: 7173: 7166: 7164: 7160: 7153: 7137: 7135: 7103: 7102: 7078: 7077: 7053: 7052: 7023: 7018: 7003: 7001:Primary sources 6998: 6993: 6992: 6984: 6980: 6972: 6968: 6960: 6956: 6948: 6944: 6936: 6932: 6924: 6920: 6912: 6908: 6900: 6896: 6888: 6884: 6876: 6872: 6864: 6860: 6852: 6848: 6838: 6836: 6823: 6822: 6818: 6810: 6806: 6796: 6794: 6781: 6780: 6773: 6763: 6761: 6748: 6747: 6743: 6735: 6731: 6723: 6716: 6708: 6704: 6696: 6692: 6682: 6680: 6671: 6670: 6666: 6658: 6651: 6643: 6639: 6631: 6622: 6614: 6610: 6600: 6598: 6583: 6579: 6571: 6567: 6559: 6555: 6547: 6543: 6535: 6531: 6523: 6519: 6511: 6507: 6499: 6495: 6487: 6483: 6475: 6471: 6463: 6459: 6451: 6447: 6437: 6435: 6426: 6425: 6421: 6413: 6404: 6396: 6392: 6382: 6368: 6364: 6360:, pp. 2–3. 6356: 6352: 6342: 6340: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6318: 6309: 6299: 6297: 6288: 6287: 6283: 6273: 6271: 6258: 6257: 6253: 6243: 6241: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6213: 6211: 6198: 6197: 6190: 6180: 6178: 6165: 6164: 6160: 6150: 6148: 6135: 6134: 6130: 6122: 6118: 6108: 6106: 6093: 6092: 6088: 6080: 6076: 6066: 6064: 6051: 6050: 6046: 6038: 6034: 6026: 6022: 6014: 6010: 6006:, pp. 8–9. 6002: 5998: 5990: 5986: 5978: 5974: 5966: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5942: 5938: 5930: 5926: 5918: 5911: 5903: 5899: 5891: 5884: 5876: 5872: 5864: 5860: 5856:, pp. 3–4. 5852: 5848: 5840: 5836: 5828: 5824: 5816: 5812: 5804: 5800: 5792: 5788: 5778: 5776: 5772: 5765: 5759: 5755: 5747: 5743: 5735: 5731: 5723: 5719: 5711: 5707: 5699: 5695: 5687: 5683: 5675: 5671: 5663: 5659: 5651: 5647: 5639: 5635: 5627: 5620: 5612: 5608: 5600: 5596: 5588: 5584: 5576: 5572: 5564: 5560: 5552: 5548: 5540: 5536: 5528: 5524: 5516: 5512: 5505: 5488: 5484: 5476: 5472: 5464: 5460: 5450: 5448: 5441: 5422: 5418: 5408: 5406: 5399: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5370: 5368: 5355:De Vries, Jan. 5353: 5349: 5336: 5332: 5325: 5311: 5307: 5299: 5290: 5280: 5278: 5254: 5250: 5243: 5229: 5225: 5218: 5204: 5200: 5190: 5188: 5181: 5165: 5161: 5153: 5149: 5141: 5137: 5129: 5125: 5117: 5113: 5105: 5101: 5093: 5084: 5076: 5072: 5064: 5060: 5052: 5048: 5040: 5036: 5028: 5024: 5016: 5012: 5004: 5000: 4992: 4988: 4980: 4971: 4963: 4959: 4951: 4947: 4939: 4935: 4927: 4923: 4915: 4911: 4903: 4899: 4891: 4887: 4879: 4875: 4867: 4863: 4855: 4851: 4843: 4839: 4831: 4827: 4819: 4815: 4807: 4803: 4795: 4791: 4783: 4779: 4771: 4767: 4759: 4755: 4747: 4743: 4735: 4728: 4720: 4716: 4708: 4704: 4696: 4692: 4684: 4680: 4672: 4668: 4660: 4656: 4648: 4644: 4636: 4632: 4622: 4620: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4580: 4579: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4564: 4542: 4538: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4388: 4372: 4304: 4264: 4202: 4150:Renaissance art 4142: 4137: 4125:Zecca of Venice 4094: 4088: 4003:in the Eastern 3973: 3954: 3915: 3910: 3904: 3858:was permitted. 3833: 3831:Other religions 3781:Pope Nicholas V 3758: 3753: 3745:Lustful Sonnets 3700: 3687:Venetian Ghetto 3626:Venetian Ghetto 3619: 3613: 3590:confraternities 3531:War of Chioggia 3508: 3439: 3433: 3420: 3393: 3387: 3324: 3318: 3313: 3175:Domini del Mare 3082: 3012: 2953: 2947: 2903:executive power 2883: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2736: 2726: 2718: 2717: 2707: 2696: 2684:Main articles: 2682: 2677: 2575: 2543: 2534:Provinz Venedig 2492:Peace of Leoben 2433: 2427: 2328:Leon Trionfante 2316: 2310: 2279:duchy of Mantua 2224:excommunication 2169:siege of Candia 2161: 2151: 2070:king of Hungary 2015:Antonio Grimani 1966: 1952:, previously a 1939:besieged Rhodes 1864:Battle of Motta 1732:fought at Modon 1720:Gentile Bellini 1712: 1704:Main articles: 1702: 1694:Treaty of Turin 1686:War of Chioggia 1670:Treaty of Zadar 1487: 1479:Main articles: 1477: 1471: 1394:Robert Guiscard 1325: 1319: 1239:Pactum Lotharii 1153:Lombard kingdom 1091:Maritime Venice 1079:Venetian Lagoon 1063: 1061:Maritime Venice 1057: 1052: 1044:Main articles: 1042: 956:Pactum Lotharii 926:Pactum Lotharii 919:Dux Veneticorum 900: 823:Treaty of Turin 819:War of Chioggia 799:Duchy of Venice 787:Maritime Venice 783:Venetian Lagoon 732:Northeast Italy 702:sovereign state 686: 631: 606: 577: 559: 542: 529: 516: 514:Battle of Motta 503: 490: 477: 460: 452:Pactum Lotharii 440: 426: 399: 387: 360: 348: 278: 222: 194: 165: 149: 142: 124: 123: 122: 121:(16–18th cent.) 120: 115: 107: 106: 101: 94: 87: 69: 68: 59: 44: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12910: 12900: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12877:Italian states 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12805: 12804: 12790: 12787:History portal 12772: 12771: 12769: 12768: 12758: 12746: 12743: 12742: 12739: 12738: 12736: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12590: 12585: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12549: 12547: 12541: 12540: 12538: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12481: 12480: 12479: 12478: 12463: 12462: 12461: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12396: 12390: 12384: 12378: 12377: 12374: 12373: 12371: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12359: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12338: 12333: 12328: 12323: 12318: 12316:Stock exchange 12313: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12282: 12281: 12276: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12245: 12239: 12233: 12232: 12229: 12228: 12226: 12225: 12220: 12218:Municipalities 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12178:Prime Minister 12175: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12129: 12128: 12118: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12097: 12091: 12085: 12084: 12081: 12080: 12078: 12077: 12072: 12067: 12065:Regional parks 12062: 12060:National parks 12057: 12052: 12047: 12042: 12037: 12032: 12027: 12022: 12021: 12020: 12010: 12009: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11988: 11983: 11978: 11973: 11972: 11971: 11969:Climate change 11961: 11956: 11950: 11944: 11938: 11937: 11934: 11933: 11931: 11930: 11929: 11928: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11887: 11885: 11881: 11880: 11878: 11877: 11876: 11875: 11870: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11845: 11844: 11834: 11829: 11819: 11818: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11776: 11774: 11770: 11769: 11767: 11766: 11761: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11745: 11744: 11734: 11732:Duchy of Savoy 11729: 11724: 11719: 11718: 11717: 11716: 11715: 11710: 11705: 11700: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11669: 11667: 11663: 11662: 11660: 11659: 11654: 11653: 11652: 11642: 11640:Lombard League 11637: 11636: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11615: 11610: 11605: 11600: 11595: 11590: 11578: 11576: 11572: 11571: 11569: 11568: 11567: 11566: 11565: 11564: 11562:Western Empire 11554: 11549: 11547:Roman conquest 11544: 11539: 11529: 11528: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11501: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11468:Italic peoples 11459: 11457: 11453: 11452: 11450: 11449: 11448: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11407: 11396: 11394: 11390: 11389: 11387: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11351: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11315: 11313: 11309: 11308: 11306: 11305: 11299: 11297: 11290: 11284: 11283: 11272: 11271: 11264: 11257: 11249: 11240: 11239: 11237: 11236: 11235: 11234: 11224: 11218: 11215: 11214: 11212: 11211: 11206: 11205: 11204: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11168: 11167: 11166: 11164:Livonian Order 11161: 11159:Teutonic Order 11149: 11147: 11136: 11135: 11133: 11132: 11127: 11126: 11125: 11115: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11067: 11066: 11065: 11054: 11052: 11046: 11045: 11038: 11036: 11034: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11017: 11016: 11006: 11001: 11000: 10999: 10988: 10986: 10980: 10979: 10974: 10971: 10970: 10963: 10962: 10955: 10948: 10940: 10931: 10930: 10928: 10927: 10917: 10907: 10896: 10893: 10892: 10890: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10867:Misconceptions 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10828: 10826: 10822: 10821: 10819: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10687: 10685: 10681: 10680: 10678: 10677: 10675:Little Ice Age 10672: 10671: 10670: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10628:Western Schism 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10584: 10582: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10476: 10474: 10468: 10467: 10465: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10393: 10392: 10382: 10377: 10375:Late antiquity 10372: 10367: 10362: 10356: 10354: 10348: 10347: 10340: 10339: 10332: 10325: 10317: 10308: 10307: 10305: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10283: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10265:Fourth Crusade 10261: 10259: 10255: 10254: 10252: 10251: 10245: 10239: 10233: 10227: 10224:Constantinople 10220: 10218: 10214: 10213: 10211: 10210: 10204: 10198: 10180: 10166: 10160: 10142: 10136: 10130: 10123: 10121: 10119:Aegean Islands 10115: 10114: 10112: 10111: 10105: 10099: 10093: 10087: 10081: 10075: 10069: 10063: 10057: 10051: 10045: 10034: 10032: 10028: 10027: 10025: 10024: 10018: 10012: 10006: 10000: 9994: 9988: 9982: 9972: 9961: 9959: 9955:Ionian Islands 9951: 9950: 9943: 9941: 9939: 9938: 9932: 9922: 9916: 9909: 9907: 9901: 9900: 9889: 9888: 9881: 9874: 9866: 9857: 9856: 9854: 9853: 9841: 9835: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9828: 9815: 9803: 9791: 9789:Duchy of Gaeta 9778: 9775: 9774: 9767: 9765: 9763: 9762: 9749: 9736: 9723: 9710: 9707: 9706: 9699: 9698: 9691: 9684: 9676: 9667: 9666: 9663: 9662: 9660: 9659: 9653: 9647: 9641: 9640: 9639: 9636:Italian Empire 9626: 9624: 9614: 9613: 9607: 9601: 9595: 9589: 9583: 9580:Roman Republic 9577: 9571: 9565: 9559: 9553: 9547: 9541: 9535: 9532:Duchy of Lucca 9529: 9526:Duchy of Genoa 9522: 9520: 9514: 9513: 9510: 9509: 9507: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9450: 9448: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9389: 9387: 9380: 9366: 9365: 9362: 9361: 9359: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9306: 9304: 9290: 9289: 9287: 9286: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9269: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9237: 9235: 9227: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9198: 9196: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9170: 9168: 9164: 9163: 9161: 9160: 9155: 9149: 9147: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9137: 9132: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9101:Duchy of Gaeta 9098: 9092: 9090: 9083: 9079:Southern Italy 9075: 9074: 9072: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9025: 9023: 9022:(c. 1000–1797) 9017: 9016: 9014: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8997: 8995: 8987: 8986: 8984: 8983: 8982: 8981: 8976: 8974:County of Nice 8971: 8969:Duchy of Aosta 8966: 8961: 8956: 8949:Savoyard state 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8884:Duchy of Milan 8881: 8879:Duchy of Ivrea 8876: 8875: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8753: 8751: 8739: 8738: 8736: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8699: 8697: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8685: 8679: 8678: 8677: 8671: 8665: 8652: 8650: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8639: 8638: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8620:Duchy of Ivrea 8617: 8612: 8601: 8595: 8589: 8586:Odoacer's rule 8582: 8580: 8571: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8557: 8551: 8550:(27 BC–395 AD) 8545: 8544:(509 BC–27 BC) 8542:Roman Republic 8539: 8532: 8530: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8484: 8483: 8481:Cisalpine Gaul 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8445: 8443: 8439: 8438: 8431: 8430: 8423: 8416: 8408: 8399: 8398: 8396: 8395: 8388: 8380: 8377: 8376: 8373: 8372: 8370: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8353: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8317: 8312: 8306: 8300: 8296: 8295: 8292: 8291: 8289: 8288: 8287: 8286: 8276: 8275: 8274: 8269: 8267:Via Argentaria 8261: 8259:Venetian glass 8256: 8255: 8254: 8252:Banco del Giro 8247:Bank of Venice 8244: 8243: 8242: 8237: 8227: 8221: 8215: 8211: 8210: 8207: 8206: 8204: 8203: 8202: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8171: 8166: 8165: 8164: 8153: 8151: 8147: 8146: 8144: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8079: 8078: 8069: 8068: 8063: 8054: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8037: 8036: 8029:Council of Ten 8026: 8021: 8020: 8019: 8014: 8004: 7999: 7998: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7956: 7955: 7954: 7947: 7933: 7931: 7924: 7920: 7919: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7912: 7911: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7893:Ionian Islands 7890: 7885: 7880: 7870: 7865: 7864: 7863: 7852: 7846: 7842: 7841: 7834: 7832: 7830: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7818: 7817: 7812: 7810:War of Ferrara 7807: 7802: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7782:Fourth Crusade 7779: 7774: 7767: 7766: 7765: 7754: 7752: 7748: 7747: 7737: 7736: 7729: 7722: 7714: 7708: 7707: 7697: 7684: 7683:External links 7681: 7679: 7678: 7672: 7656: 7650: 7631: 7624: 7619:Tomaz, Luigi. 7617: 7610: 7596: 7589: 7564: 7557: 7543: 7529: 7515: 7501: 7487: 7473: 7453: 7438: 7431: 7415: 7410:Lessico veneto 7404: 7397: 7383: 7376: 7356: 7341: 7334: 7316: 7310: 7294: 7279: 7272: 7263: 7252: 7241: 7230: 7187: 7144: 7130:(in Italian). 7123: 7116: 7091: 7066: 7041: 7034: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6978: 6966: 6954: 6942: 6938:Mutinelli 1851 6930: 6928:, p. 322. 6926:Mutinelli 1851 6918: 6914:Mutinelli 1851 6906: 6894: 6892:, p. 551. 6882: 6870: 6868:, p. 548. 6858: 6854:Mutinelli 1851 6846: 6816: 6814:, p. 164. 6804: 6771: 6741: 6729: 6714: 6702: 6700:, p. 122. 6690: 6664: 6662:, p. 121. 6649: 6647:, p. 282. 6637: 6620: 6608: 6577: 6565: 6553: 6549:Cecchetti 1874 6541: 6539:, pp. 68. 6529: 6525:Cecchetti 1874 6517: 6513:Cecchetti 1874 6505: 6501:Cecchetti 1874 6493: 6489:Cecchetti 1874 6481: 6477:Cecchetti 1874 6469: 6467:, p. 279. 6465:Cecchetti 1874 6457: 6453:Cecchetti 1874 6445: 6419: 6417:, p. 301. 6402: 6398:Cecchetti 1874 6390: 6380: 6362: 6350: 6324: 6320:Ciriacono 1996 6307: 6281: 6251: 6221: 6188: 6158: 6128: 6116: 6086: 6074: 6044: 6040:Mutinelli 1851 6032: 6028:Mutinelli 1851 6020: 6016:Mutinelli 1851 6008: 6004:Mutinelli 1851 5996: 5992:Mutinelli 1851 5984: 5982:, p. 344. 5972: 5960: 5948: 5936: 5924: 5909: 5897: 5882: 5880:, p. 127. 5878:Mutinelli 1851 5870: 5866:Mutinelli 1851 5858: 5846: 5842:Mutinelli 1851 5834: 5830:Mutinelli 1851 5822: 5818:Mutinelli 1851 5810: 5808:, p. 343. 5806:Mutinelli 1851 5798: 5796:, p. 300. 5794:Mutinelli 1851 5786: 5753: 5741: 5729: 5717: 5705: 5693: 5681: 5669: 5657: 5645: 5633: 5631:, p. 213. 5618: 5616:, p. 117. 5606: 5594: 5582: 5570: 5558: 5556:, p. 102. 5546: 5534: 5522: 5510: 5503: 5482: 5480:, p. 615. 5470: 5468:, p. 591. 5458: 5439: 5416: 5398:978-0813229362 5397: 5378: 5347: 5330: 5323: 5305: 5303:, p. 494. 5288: 5248: 5241: 5223: 5216: 5198: 5180:978-1472410580 5179: 5159: 5157:, p. 269. 5147: 5135: 5123: 5121:, p. 153. 5111: 5099: 5082: 5070: 5058: 5056:, p. 120. 5046: 5034: 5022: 5010: 4998: 4986: 4969: 4957: 4945: 4933: 4921: 4909: 4897: 4885: 4873: 4861: 4849: 4837: 4825: 4823:, p. 544. 4813: 4811:, p. 492. 4801: 4799:, p. 430. 4789: 4787:, p. 408. 4777: 4775:, p. 605. 4765: 4753: 4741: 4739:, p. 408. 4726: 4724:, p. 354. 4714: 4702: 4690: 4688:, p. 376. 4678: 4676:, p. 381. 4666: 4664:, p. 368. 4654: 4652:, p. 356. 4642: 4640:, p. 348. 4630: 4603: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4536: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4397: 4392: 4379: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4360:Shrove Tuesday 4329:Marino Faliero 4303: 4300: 4263: 4260: 4201: 4198: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4104:(later called 4098:Enrico Dandolo 4090:Main article: 4087: 4084: 4025:Constantinople 3972: 3969: 3957:Venetian glass 3953: 3950: 3914: 3911: 3906:Main article: 3903: 3900: 3832: 3829: 3813:Giordano Bruno 3775:which had the 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3716:Aldus Manutius 3709:Nicolas Jenson 3699: 3696: 3615:Main article: 3612: 3609: 3608: 3607: 3606: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3574: 3571: 3517: 3507: 3504: 3435:Main article: 3432: 3429: 3419: 3416: 3389:Main article: 3386: 3383: 3336:Atlante Veneto 3320:Main article: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3307: 3255: 3248: 3237:Aegean Islands 3209:Ionian Islands 3171: 3164: 3116: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3076: 3072:Marino Faliero 3067: 3065:Council of Ten 3062: 3051: 3046: 3037: 3032: 3018: 3011: 3008: 2949:Main article: 2946: 2943: 2935: 2934: 2927: 2924: 2882: 2879: 2878: 2877: 2874:Ludovico Manin 2871: 2853: 2843: 2837: 2830:Marino Faliero 2827: 2820:Enrico Dandolo 2817: 2812:and conquered 2803: 2790:Council of Ten 2732:as painted by 2727: 2720: 2719: 2713:as painted by 2708: 2701: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2686:Doge of Venice 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2657:city lordships 2574: 2571: 2542: 2539: 2507:Ludovico Manin 2468:Duchy of Savoy 2449:Ludovico Manin 2429:Main article: 2426: 2423: 2358:Ionian islands 2312:Main article: 2309: 2306: 2239:Habsburg Spain 2150: 2147: 2050:Pope Julius II 1965: 1962: 1954:crusader state 1882:and subjected 1752:Pietro Loredan 1736:Ottoman Empire 1701: 1698: 1662:Marino Faliero 1646:siege of Zadar 1606:Council of Ten 1564:Battle of Acre 1511:Fourth Crusade 1507:Enrico Dandolo 1473:Main article: 1470: 1467: 1437:municipalities 1390:Constantinople 1321:Main article: 1318: 1315: 1059:Main article: 1056: 1053: 1041: 1038: 1030:La Serenissima 899: 896: 886:Council of Ten 850:Ottoman Empire 770:, most of the 698:La Serenissima 688: 687: 656:Doge of Venice 647: 644: 643: 640: 639: 636: 635: 628: 619: 616: 615: 610: 598: 597: 592: 582: 581: 575:Venetian ducat 572: 568: 567: 564: 563: 560: 550: 547: 546: 543: 537: 534: 533: 530: 524: 521: 520: 517: 511: 508: 507: 504: 498: 495: 494: 491: 485: 482: 481: 478: 468: 465: 464: 461: 448: 445: 444: 441: 435: 432: 431: 428: 427: 425: 424: 419: 413: 411: 410:Historical era 407: 406: 403:Council of Ten 400: 397: 394: 393: 388: 385: 382: 381: 375: 371: 370: 367: 366: 364:Ludovico Manin 361: 358: 355: 354: 349: 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 335: 329: 328: 307: 303: 302: 297: 291: 290: 284: 280: 279: 277: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 230: 228: 224: 223: 221: 220: 219: 218: 213: 208: 202: 200: 196: 195: 193: 192: 186: 180: 173: 171: 167: 166: 159: 151: 150: 143: 136: 135: 133:Viva San Marco 126: 125: 116: 109: 108: 95: 88: 81: 80: 79: 76: 75: 71: 70: 67: 66: 51: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12909: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12814: 12812: 12802: 12796: 12791: 12788: 12777: 12767: 12759: 12757: 12748: 12747: 12744: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12550: 12548: 12546: 12542: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12477: 12474: 12473: 12472: 12469: 12468: 12467: 12464: 12460: 12457: 12456: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12391: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12379: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12343: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12271: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12246: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12234: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12183: 12179: 12176: 12173: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12127: 12124: 12123: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12098: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12086: 12076: 12073: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12019: 12016: 12015: 12014: 12011: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11993: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11970: 11967: 11966: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11951: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11939: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11911:Years of Lead 11909: 11907: 11906:Economic Boom 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11893: 11892: 11889: 11888: 11886: 11882: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11849:Fascist Italy 11847: 11843: 11840: 11839: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11824: 11823: 11820: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11795:Niçard exodus 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11782: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11771: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11743: 11740: 11739: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11695: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11675: 11674: 11671: 11670: 11668: 11664: 11658: 11655: 11651: 11648: 11647: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11585: 11584: 11583: 11580: 11579: 11577: 11573: 11563: 11560: 11559: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11534: 11533: 11530: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11515:Magna Graecia 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11470: 11469: 11466: 11465: 11464: 11461: 11460: 11458: 11454: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11402: 11401: 11398: 11397: 11395: 11391: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11316: 11314: 11310: 11304: 11301: 11300: 11298: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11285: 11281: 11277: 11270: 11265: 11263: 11258: 11256: 11251: 11250: 11247: 11233: 11230: 11229: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11219: 11216: 11210: 11207: 11203: 11200: 11199: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11172: 11169: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11150: 11148: 11146: 11141: 11137: 11131: 11128: 11124: 11121: 11120: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11064: 11061: 11060: 11059: 11056: 11055: 11053: 11051: 11047: 11042: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11015: 11012: 11011: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 10998: 10995: 10994: 10993: 10990: 10989: 10987: 10985: 10981: 10977: 10972: 10968: 10961: 10956: 10954: 10949: 10947: 10942: 10941: 10938: 10926: 10918: 10916: 10908: 10906: 10902: 10898: 10897: 10894: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10829: 10827: 10823: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10688: 10686: 10682: 10676: 10673: 10669: 10666: 10665: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10585: 10583: 10581: 10577: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10535:Scholasticism 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10477: 10475: 10473: 10469: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10397:Rise of Islam 10395: 10391: 10388: 10387: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10353: 10349: 10345: 10338: 10333: 10331: 10326: 10324: 10319: 10318: 10315: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10297:Venetian navy 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10267: 10266: 10263: 10262: 10260: 10256: 10249: 10246: 10243: 10240: 10237: 10234: 10231: 10228: 10225: 10222: 10221: 10219: 10215: 10208: 10205: 10202: 10199: 10196: 10192: 10188: 10184: 10181: 10178: 10174: 10170: 10167: 10164: 10161: 10158: 10154: 10150: 10146: 10143: 10140: 10137: 10134: 10131: 10128: 10125: 10124: 10122: 10120: 10116: 10109: 10106: 10103: 10100: 10097: 10094: 10091: 10088: 10085: 10082: 10079: 10076: 10073: 10070: 10067: 10064: 10061: 10058: 10055: 10052: 10049: 10046: 10043: 10039: 10036: 10035: 10033: 10029: 10022: 10019: 10016: 10013: 10010: 10007: 10004: 10001: 9998: 9995: 9992: 9989: 9986: 9983: 9980: 9976: 9973: 9970: 9966: 9963: 9962: 9960: 9956: 9952: 9947: 9936: 9933: 9930: 9926: 9923: 9920: 9917: 9914: 9911: 9910: 9908: 9906: 9902: 9898: 9894: 9887: 9882: 9880: 9875: 9873: 9868: 9867: 9864: 9850: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9836: 9833: 9827: 9816: 9814: 9804: 9802: 9792: 9790: 9780: 9779: 9776: 9771: 9761: 9750: 9748: 9737: 9735: 9724: 9722: 9712: 9711: 9708: 9704: 9697: 9692: 9690: 9685: 9683: 9678: 9677: 9674: 9657: 9654: 9651: 9648: 9645: 9642: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9627: 9625: 9623: 9618: 9611: 9608: 9605: 9602: 9599: 9596: 9593: 9590: 9587: 9584: 9581: 9578: 9575: 9572: 9569: 9566: 9563: 9560: 9557: 9554: 9551: 9548: 9545: 9542: 9539: 9536: 9533: 9530: 9527: 9524: 9523: 9521: 9515: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9445: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9390: 9388: 9384: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9367: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9320:Duchy of Sora 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9307: 9305: 9301: 9295: 9291: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9243: 9242: 9239: 9238: 9236: 9232: 9228: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9195: 9191: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9165: 9159: 9158:Muslim Sicily 9156: 9154: 9151: 9150: 9148: 9146: 9142: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9093: 9091: 9087: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9026: 9024: 9018: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8992: 8988: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8951: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8799: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8744: 8740: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8700: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8683: 8680: 8675: 8672: 8669: 8666: 8663: 8662:Duchy of Rome 8660: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8644: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8599: 8596: 8593: 8590: 8587: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8575: 8572: 8562: 8555: 8552: 8549: 8546: 8543: 8540: 8537: 8536:Roman Kingdom 8534: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8525: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8508:Magna Graecia 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8482: 8479: 8478: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8455: 8452: 8451: 8450: 8447: 8446: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8429: 8424: 8422: 8417: 8415: 8410: 8409: 8406: 8394: 8389: 8387: 8382: 8381: 8378: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8322: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8304: 8301: 8297: 8285: 8282: 8281: 8280: 8277: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8264: 8263:Trade routes 8262: 8260: 8257: 8253: 8250: 8249: 8248: 8245: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8232: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8222: 8219: 8216: 8212: 8200: 8199:Sailing ships 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8176: 8175: 8174:Venetian navy 8172: 8170: 8169:Venetian army 8167: 8163: 8160: 8159: 8158: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8148: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8081: 8080: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8056: 8055: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8009: 8008: 8007:Great Council 8005: 8003: 8000: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7982: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7970:Minor Council 7968: 7966: 7963: 7960: 7957: 7953: 7952: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7942: 7941: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7928: 7925: 7921: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7875: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7857: 7854: 7853: 7850: 7847: 7843: 7838: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7772: 7771:Pax Nicephori 7768: 7764: 7761: 7760: 7759: 7756: 7755: 7753: 7749: 7744: 7735: 7730: 7728: 7723: 7721: 7716: 7715: 7712: 7705: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7695: 7690: 7687: 7686: 7675: 7669: 7665: 7661: 7660:Zorzi, Alvise 7657: 7653: 7647: 7643: 7642: 7638: 7632: 7629: 7625: 7622: 7618: 7615: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7603: 7597: 7594: 7590: 7586: 7580: 7572: 7571: 7565: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7553: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7539: 7534: 7530: 7526: 7525: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7511: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7497: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7483: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7464: 7456: 7450: 7446: 7445: 7439: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7411: 7405: 7402: 7398: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7367: 7359: 7357:9788811133872 7353: 7349: 7348: 7342: 7339: 7335: 7332: 7331:0-8018-1445-6 7328: 7324: 7320: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7292: 7291:0-571-10429-0 7288: 7284: 7280: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7264: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7221: 7202: 7195: 7194: 7188: 7184: 7178: 7159: 7152: 7151: 7145: 7133: 7129: 7124: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7107: 7099: 7098: 7092: 7088: 7082: 7074: 7073: 7067: 7063: 7057: 7049: 7048: 7042: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7026: 7025: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7005: 6987: 6982: 6975: 6970: 6963: 6958: 6951: 6946: 6939: 6934: 6927: 6922: 6916:, p. 71. 6915: 6910: 6903: 6898: 6891: 6886: 6879: 6874: 6867: 6862: 6855: 6850: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6820: 6813: 6808: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6778: 6776: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6745: 6738: 6733: 6726: 6721: 6719: 6712:, p. 66. 6711: 6706: 6699: 6694: 6678: 6674: 6668: 6661: 6656: 6654: 6646: 6641: 6634: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6617: 6612: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6581: 6574: 6569: 6563:, p. 60. 6562: 6557: 6550: 6545: 6538: 6533: 6526: 6521: 6514: 6509: 6502: 6497: 6490: 6485: 6479:, p. 34. 6478: 6473: 6466: 6461: 6454: 6449: 6433: 6429: 6423: 6416: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6399: 6394: 6387: 6383: 6381:9780674037830 6377: 6373: 6366: 6359: 6354: 6338: 6334: 6328: 6321: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6295: 6291: 6285: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6255: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6225: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6195: 6193: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6162: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6132: 6125: 6120: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6090: 6083: 6078: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6041: 6036: 6029: 6024: 6017: 6012: 6005: 6000: 5993: 5988: 5981: 5976: 5969: 5964: 5957: 5952: 5945: 5940: 5933: 5928: 5921: 5920:Da Mosto 1940 5916: 5914: 5906: 5905:Da Mosto 1940 5901: 5894: 5893:Da Mosto 1940 5889: 5887: 5879: 5874: 5867: 5862: 5855: 5854:Da Mosto 1940 5850: 5844:, p. 78. 5843: 5838: 5832:, p. 87. 5831: 5826: 5820:, p. 89. 5819: 5814: 5807: 5802: 5795: 5790: 5771: 5764: 5757: 5750: 5749:Da Mosto 1937 5745: 5738: 5737:Da Mosto 1937 5733: 5726: 5721: 5714: 5713:Da Mosto 1937 5709: 5702: 5697: 5690: 5689:Da Mosto 1937 5685: 5678: 5673: 5666: 5665:Da Mosto 1937 5661: 5654: 5649: 5642: 5641:Da Mosto 1937 5637: 5630: 5629:Da Mosto 1937 5625: 5623: 5615: 5614:Da Mosto 1937 5610: 5604:, p. 21. 5603: 5602:Da Mosto 1937 5598: 5591: 5586: 5579: 5578:Da Mosto 1937 5574: 5567: 5562: 5555: 5554:Da Mosto 1937 5550: 5543: 5538: 5531: 5530:Da Mosto 1937 5526: 5519: 5514: 5506: 5504:9782847348743 5500: 5496: 5492: 5486: 5479: 5474: 5467: 5462: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5432: 5431: 5426: 5425:Zorzi, Alvise 5420: 5404: 5400: 5394: 5390: 5389: 5382: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5351: 5345: 5341: 5334: 5326: 5320: 5316: 5309: 5302: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5263: 5258: 5252: 5244: 5242:0-521-03247-4 5238: 5234: 5227: 5219: 5213: 5209: 5202: 5186: 5182: 5176: 5172: 5171: 5163: 5156: 5151: 5144: 5139: 5132: 5127: 5120: 5115: 5108: 5103: 5096: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5079: 5074: 5067: 5062: 5055: 5050: 5043: 5038: 5031: 5026: 5019: 5014: 5007: 5002: 4995: 4990: 4983: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4966: 4961: 4954: 4949: 4942: 4937: 4930: 4925: 4918: 4913: 4906: 4901: 4894: 4889: 4882: 4877: 4870: 4865: 4859:, p. 34. 4858: 4853: 4846: 4841: 4834: 4829: 4822: 4817: 4810: 4805: 4798: 4793: 4786: 4781: 4774: 4769: 4762: 4757: 4750: 4745: 4738: 4733: 4731: 4723: 4718: 4712:, p. 74. 4711: 4706: 4700:, p. 79. 4699: 4694: 4687: 4682: 4675: 4670: 4663: 4658: 4651: 4646: 4639: 4634: 4618: 4614: 4607: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4573: 4559: 4555: 4553: 4547: 4540: 4532: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4457:Venetian navy 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4337:Ascension Day 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4313: 4308: 4299: 4296: 4295:vesta a cendà 4292: 4287: 4283: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4259: 4257: 4253: 4252:Carlo Goldoni 4249: 4245: 4240: 4238: 4237:Apostolo Zeno 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4132: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4113: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4093: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4006: 4005:Mediterranean 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3985: 3977: 3968: 3966: 3962: 3961:state arsenal 3958: 3949: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3929: 3927: 3926: 3921: 3909: 3899: 3896: 3890: 3888: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3841: 3837: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3783:to erect the 3782: 3778: 3774: 3766: 3762: 3748: 3746: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3667: 3664: 3659: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3637: 3633: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3535:War of Candia 3532: 3528: 3524: 3523: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3503: 3501: 3496: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3485:Daniele Manin 3482: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3466: 3464: 3459: 3456:'s body from 3455: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3428: 3425: 3415: 3412: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3392: 3391:Venetian army 3382: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3358: 3352: 3350: 3349:War of Candia 3346: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3322:Venetian navy 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3263:Stato da Tera 3260: 3256: 3254: 3253: 3252:Stato da Tera 3249: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3086: 3073: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3023: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3007: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2978:Minor Council 2975: 2971: 2970: 2962: 2961:Great Council 2957: 2952: 2945:Great Council 2942: 2940: 2932: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2921: 2916: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2892: 2887: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2782:Great Council 2779: 2775: 2774:Minor Council 2771: 2766: 2764: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2752:head of state 2749: 2745: 2735: 2731: 2730:Andrea Gritti 2724: 2716: 2712: 2705: 2695: 2694:Minor Council 2691: 2687: 2672: 2670: 2669:Doge's Palace 2664: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2643:Great Council 2640: 2639:municipal age 2636: 2635: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2589: 2579: 2570: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2561: 2555: 2551: 2549: 2548:Enlightenment 2538: 2535: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2340: 2333: 2329: 2326:on board the 2325: 2322:The death of 2320: 2315: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2237:Rivalry with 2235: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2174: 2171:, during the 2170: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2124: 2123:Mustafa Pasha 2120: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2090: 2085: 2084:Andrea Gritti 2080: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2064:; Spain: the 2063: 2060:: Friuli and 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1906:in 1428, and 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1831: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1592:Great Council 1589: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1476: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1453:Minor Council 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1345: 1340: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1272: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1250: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1195: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1051: 1047: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1026: 1020: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 994: 989: 986: 981: 977: 972: 967: 963: 957: 951: 945: 943: 939: 934: 928: 927: 920: 914: 909: 905: 895: 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 878:Minor Council 875: 874:Great Council 869: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 779: 777: 776:Mediterranean 773: 772:Greek islands 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 724: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 684: 679: 678: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 650: 645: 629: 627: 624: 623: 620: 614: 611: 604: 603: 600: 599: 596: 593: 591: 588: 587: 583: 580: 579:Venetian lira 576: 573: 569: 565: 561: 558: 554: 548: 544: 541: 535: 531: 528: 522: 518: 515: 509: 505: 502: 496: 492: 489: 483: 479: 476: 472: 466: 462: 458: 454: 453: 446: 442: 439: 433: 429: 423: 420: 418: 415: 414: 412: 408: 404: 401: 395: 392: 389: 383: 379: 378:Great Council 376: 372: 368: 365: 362: 356: 353: 350: 344: 340: 336: 334: 330: 327: 324: 320: 317: 316:parliamentary 314: 311: 308: 304: 301: 298: 296: 292: 288: 285: 281: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 231: 229: 225: 217: 214: 212: 209: 206: 205: 204: 203: 201: 197: 190: 187: 184: 181: 178: 175: 174: 172: 168: 163: 157: 152: 147: 141: 137: 134: 131: 127: 119: 113: 105: 99: 92: 85: 77: 72: 63: 56: 52: 48: 41: 37: 36: 29: 26: 22: 12593:Architecture 12563:Quattrocento 12520:Social class 12500:Prostitution 12414:Demographics 12336:Trade unions 12279:Central Bank 12121:Human rights 12101:Constitution 11884:Contemporary 11854:World War II 11742:Italian Wars 11697: 11666:Early modern 11608:Papal States 11586:Italy under 11532:Ancient Rome 11197:Dobrzyń Land 11113:Stato da Màr 11109: 10696:Architecture 10668:Great Famine 10658:Universities 10598:Hussite Wars 10515:Great Schism 10441: 10402:Papal States 10280:Frankokratia 10159:(until 1715) 10090:Thessalonica 9931:, 1392–1501) 9905:Adriatic Sea 9896: 9893:Stato da Màr 9759: 9632:(1861–1946) 9610:Papal States 9438:Transpadania 9011:Stato da Màr 8990: 8693:Papal States 8604:Lombard rule 8568:Early Modern 8556:(395–476 AD) 8548:Roman Empire 8528:Ancient Rome 8325:Architecture 8272:Via de Zenta 7980:Full College 7949: 7873:Stato da Màr 7815:Italian Wars 7800:War of Padua 7769: 7740: 7703: 7692: 7663: 7640: 7636: 7627: 7620: 7613: 7599: 7592: 7569: 7560: 7551: 7537: 7523: 7509: 7495: 7481: 7443: 7434: 7425:. New York: 7422: 7409: 7400: 7386: 7379: 7346: 7337: 7322: 7301: 7282: 7275: 7270:. Routledge. 7267: 7259: 7255: 7248: 7244: 7237: 7233: 7208:. Retrieved 7201:the original 7192: 7165:. Retrieved 7158:the original 7149: 7136:. Retrieved 7119: 7096: 7071: 7046: 7037: 7029: 7008: 6996:Bibliography 6986:Romanin 1860 6981: 6974:Romanin 1860 6969: 6962:Romanin 1860 6957: 6950:Romanin 1860 6945: 6940:, p. 3. 6933: 6921: 6909: 6902:Romanin 1860 6897: 6890:Romanin 1858 6885: 6878:Romanin 1860 6873: 6866:Romanin 1858 6861: 6849: 6837:. Retrieved 6828: 6819: 6807: 6795:. Retrieved 6786: 6762:. Retrieved 6753: 6744: 6732: 6705: 6693: 6681:. Retrieved 6667: 6640: 6611: 6599:. Retrieved 6595:the original 6590: 6580: 6568: 6556: 6544: 6532: 6520: 6508: 6496: 6484: 6472: 6460: 6448: 6436:. Retrieved 6432:the original 6422: 6400:, p. 7. 6393: 6385: 6371: 6365: 6353: 6341:. Retrieved 6337:the original 6327: 6298:. Retrieved 6293: 6284: 6272:. Retrieved 6268:the original 6263: 6254: 6242:. Retrieved 6238:the original 6233: 6224: 6212:. Retrieved 6208:the original 6203: 6179:. Retrieved 6175:the original 6170: 6161: 6149:. Retrieved 6145:the original 6140: 6131: 6119: 6107:. Retrieved 6103:the original 6098: 6089: 6077: 6065:. Retrieved 6061:the original 6056: 6047: 6035: 6023: 6011: 5999: 5987: 5975: 5968:Romanin 1859 5963: 5956:Romanin 1859 5951: 5944:Romanin 1859 5939: 5932:Romanin 1859 5927: 5922:, p. 6. 5900: 5895:, p. 5. 5873: 5861: 5849: 5837: 5825: 5813: 5801: 5789: 5777:. Retrieved 5756: 5744: 5732: 5725:Romanin 1859 5720: 5708: 5701:Romanin 1859 5696: 5684: 5677:Romanin 1859 5672: 5660: 5653:Romanin 1859 5648: 5636: 5609: 5597: 5590:Romanin 1859 5585: 5573: 5566:Romanin 1859 5561: 5549: 5542:Romanin 1859 5537: 5525: 5518:Romanin 1859 5513: 5494: 5485: 5478:Norwich 1982 5473: 5466:Norwich 1982 5461: 5451:28 September 5449:. Retrieved 5429: 5419: 5407:. Retrieved 5387: 5381: 5369:. Retrieved 5365:the original 5360: 5350: 5333: 5314: 5308: 5301:Norwich 1982 5279:. Retrieved 5266: 5261: 5251: 5232: 5226: 5207: 5201: 5189:. Retrieved 5169: 5162: 5155:Norwich 1982 5150: 5138: 5126: 5114: 5102: 5073: 5061: 5049: 5037: 5025: 5013: 5001: 4989: 4960: 4948: 4936: 4924: 4912: 4900: 4888: 4876: 4864: 4852: 4840: 4828: 4821:Romanin 1855 4816: 4809:Romanin 1859 4804: 4797:Romanin 1859 4792: 4785:Romanin 1859 4780: 4773:Romanin 1858 4768: 4761:Romanin 1858 4756: 4749:Romanin 1855 4744: 4737:Romanin 1854 4722:Romanin 1853 4717: 4705: 4693: 4686:Romanin 1853 4681: 4674:Romanin 1853 4669: 4662:Romanin 1853 4657: 4650:Romanin 1853 4645: 4638:Romanin 1853 4633: 4621:. Retrieved 4606: 4594:. Retrieved 4585: 4576: 4556:; Venetian: 4539: 4503: 4400:Italian Wars 4349: 4317: 4294: 4290: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4275: 4241: 4228: 4218: 4143: 4131:supervised. 4114: 4105: 4102:silver ducat 4095: 4073: 4009: 4001:trade routes 3964: 3955: 3930: 3923: 3920:fish farming 3916: 3891: 3884: 3872: 3860: 3844: 3769: 3744: 3732:Pietro Bembo 3722:format, the 3713: 3701: 3692: 3668: 3660: 3645:rather than 3640: 3601: 3595: 3583: 3579: 3550: 3546: 3520: 3509: 3497: 3478: 3467: 3462: 3451: 3421: 3408: 3357:Stato da Màr 3355: 3353: 3341: 3262: 3258: 3250: 3233:Stato da Mar 3232: 3186: 3183:Stato da Mar 3182: 3179:Stato da Mar 3178: 3174: 3168:Stato da Màr 3166: 3159:, along the 3119: 3111: 3106: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3058: 3041: 3025: 3021: 2999:provveditori 2997: 2967: 2965: 2936: 2918: 2911:Full College 2896: 2891:Full College 2794: 2767: 2760: 2747: 2741: 2665: 2650: 2629: 2623: 2612: 2591:, elected a 2586: 2584: 2564: 2558: 2552: 2544: 2537:in German). 2531:in Italian, 2504: 2453: 2413: 2409:Pax Venetiae 2408: 2374: 2343: 2336: 2287: 2236: 2205: 2193: 2149:17th century 2128: 2116: 2093: 2081: 2074: 2058:Maximilian I 2042:Papal States 2035: 1997: 1947: 1927: 1912: 1828: 1826: 1792: 1760: 1729: 1726:in the 1490s 1718:Painting by 1682:Stato da Màr 1681: 1639: 1628: 1610: 1585: 1557: 1553:Latin Empire 1544:Stato da Màr 1542: 1496: 1456: 1440: 1434: 1429: 1422:Adriatic Sea 1398: 1357:Great Schism 1349: 1290: 1282: 1280: 1274:and elected 1269: 1247: 1237: 1213: 1211: 1202: 1192: 1184: 1180: 1172: 1168: 1150: 1143: 1139: 1131: 1127: 1119: 1113: 1084: 1029: 1025:His Serenity 1023: 1012:; Venetian: 990: 962:Adriatic Sea 946: 941: 901: 894: 870: 848:against the 831: 780: 754:and eastern 721: 697: 693: 691: 675: 649: 595:Succeeded by 594: 589: 456: 450: 405:(since 1310) 380:(since 1172) 162:Stato da Màr 139: 132: 130:Motto: 129: 118:Coat of arms 25: 12658:Italophilia 12618:Coat of arm 12568:Cinquecento 12444:Immigration 12394:Aristocracy 12259:Agriculture 12153:Nationality 12126:LGBT rights 12040:Earthquakes 11921:Mani pulite 11837:World War I 11780:Unification 11773:Late modern 11737:Renaissance 11582:Middle Ages 11575:Middle Ages 11552:Roman Italy 11319:Citizenship 10925:WikiProject 10852:Medievalism 10691:Agriculture 10555:Manorialism 10550:Communalism 10545:Monasticism 10462:Reconquista 10452:Kievan Rus' 10250:(1489–1571) 10238:(1204–1235) 10232:(1204–1235) 10226:(1204–1261) 10209:(1484–1715) 10197:(1453–1538) 10179:(1390–1715) 10165:(1390–1537) 10141:(1220-1460) 10135:(1204-1355) 10133:Samothrachi 10129:(1204-1566) 10110:(1687–1715) 10104:(1463–1540) 10098:(1417–1500) 10092:(1423–1430) 10086:(1395–1402) 10080:(1408–1413) 10068:(1394–1463) 10062:(1388–1540) 10056:(1322–1470) 10044:(1207–1500) 10023:(1717–1797) 10017:(1684–1797) 10011:(1684–1797) 10005:(1500–1797) 9999:(1500–1797) 9993:(1479–1797) 9987:(1401–1797) 9981:(1386–1797) 9971:(1363–1797) 9937:(1420–1797) 9847: [ 9658:(1947–1954) 9652:(1943–1945) 9646:(1920–1924) 9638:(1882–1960) 9622:unification 9612:(1814–1870) 9606:(1815–1866) 9600:(1816–1861) 9594:(1814–1860) 9588:(1859–1860) 9582:(1849–1850) 9576:(1848–1849) 9558:(1815–1859) 9552:(1814–1859) 9546:(1814–1859) 9540:(1814–1829) 9534:(1815–1847) 9528:(1815–1848) 9418:Parthenopea 9379:(1792–1815) 9337:(1647–1648) 9303:(1282–1816) 9285:(1324–1861) 9246:Agugliastra 9111:Longobardia 8748:independent 8598:Vandal rule 7210:12 February 6839:16 February 6797:16 February 6764:16 February 6343:11 February 5371:2 September 5281:29 December 5191:23 December 4623:26 December 4549:; English: 4402:(1494–1559) 4389: 1755 4256:Carlo Gozzi 4170:late Gothic 4160:'s stay in 4152:arrived in 4041:Southampton 3809:Inquisition 3756:Catholicism 3551:Libro d'Oro 3547:Libro d'Oro 3522:Libro d'Oro 3470:winged lion 3217:Peloponnese 3059:Libro d'Oro 3004:camerlenghi 2969:Libro d'Oro 2920:camerlenghi 2864:Peloponnese 2519:Ugo Foscolo 2401:merchantmen 2389:Dardanelles 2232:Paolo Sarpi 2212:Pope Paul V 2197:spice trade 2189:Dardanelles 2131:Holy League 1913:In 1454, a 1868:Pippo Spano 1773:during the 1650:Black Death 1590:and in the 1461:; thus the 1228:pirates in 1218:Giustiniano 1157:Charlemagne 1099:exarch Paul 1019:serenissimo 760:Peloponnese 590:Preceded by 553:Dissolution 471:Golden Bull 417:Middle Ages 374:Legislature 12811:Categories 12728:Traditions 12718:Television 12703:Philosophy 12668:Literature 12608:Cathedrals 12578:Settecento 12439:Healthcare 12404:Corruption 12399:Censorship 12158:Parliament 12116:Government 11916:Maxi Trial 11864:Resistance 11593:Ostrogoths 11525:Messapians 11410:Villanovan 11400:Prehistory 11393:Prehistory 10847:Land terms 10801:Technology 10781:Philosophy 10761:Literature 10726:Demography 10427:Viking Age 10157:Spinalonga 10102:Monemvasia 9997:Cephalonia 9489:Pontecorvo 9447:Monarchies 9433:Subalpinia 9398:Cispadania 9393:Cisalpinia 9375:Napoleonic 9082:(774–1139) 8994:(697–1797) 8696:(754–1870) 8658:(584–751) 8606:(568–774) 8012:Patriciate 7930:Government 7637:The Latin 7395:9608280079 7350:. Milano. 7167:8 February 7138:14 October 6812:Zorzi 2001 6737:Zorzi 2001 6725:Zorzi 2001 6710:Zorzi 2001 6698:Zorzi 2001 6660:Zorzi 2001 6645:Zorzi 2001 6633:Zorzi 2001 6616:Zorzi 2001 6573:Zorzi 2001 6561:Zorzi 2001 6438:7 February 6358:Magno 2012 6274:22 January 6244:22 January 6214:22 January 6181:22 January 6151:22 January 6109:22 January 6067:22 January 5980:Preto 2004 5779:22 January 5440:0896594068 5344:9608280079 5143:Zorzi 2001 5131:Zorzi 2001 5119:Zorzi 2001 5107:Zorzi 2001 5095:Zorzi 2001 5078:Zorzi 2001 5066:Zorzi 2001 5054:Zorzi 2001 5042:Zorzi 2001 5030:Zorzi 2001 5018:Zorzi 2001 5006:Zorzi 2001 4994:Zorzi 2001 4982:Zorzi 2001 4965:Zorzi 2001 4953:Zorzi 2001 4941:Zorzi 2001 4929:Zorzi 2001 4917:Zorzi 2001 4905:Zorzi 2001 4893:Zorzi 2001 4881:Zorzi 2001 4869:Zorzi 2001 4857:Zorzi 2001 4845:Zorzi 2001 4833:Zorzi 2001 4710:Zorzi 2001 4698:Zorzi 2001 4596:2 November 4568:References 4543:Short for 4356:Mardi Gras 4302:Traditions 4248:canovaccio 4190:Tintoretto 4166:Squarcione 3965:filacànevi 3698:Publishing 3683:Conegliano 3669:After the 3562:while the 3539:Morean War 3515:Patricians 3458:Alexandria 3378:galleasses 3332:Galleasses 3288:Bergamasco 3221:Negroponte 2626:patriciate 2472:Montenotte 2458:and seven 2415:Angelo Emo 2385:Aegean Sea 2362:Spinalonga 2298:Morean War 2173:Cretan War 2159:Morean War 2153:See also: 2089:Adda River 2056:; Emperor 1830:Terraferma 1722:depicting 1533:including 1531:Aegean Sea 1503:Hungarians 1430:status quo 1122:appointed 1110:iconoclasm 1095:first doge 993:absolutism 936:) and the 744:Montenegro 683:Orso Ipato 323:mercantile 306:Government 295:Demonym(s) 191:(810–1797) 12688:Mythology 12663:Libraries 12583:Ottocento 12525:Terrorism 12466:Languages 12419:Education 12341:Transport 12291:Companies 12198:Provinces 12168:President 12133:Judiciary 12106:Elections 12018:Volcanoes 12013:Volcanism 12006:Apennines 11991:Mountains 11959:Peninsula 11942:Geography 11873:Civil War 11598:Byzantium 11505:Etruscans 11440:Canegrate 11435:Golasecca 11420:Rinaldone 11415:Terramare 11405:Neolithic 10832:Dark Ages 10741:Household 10736:Hastilude 10505:Feudalism 10230:Gallipoli 10191:Alonissos 10153:Gramvousa 9929:1205–1213 9464:Guastalla 9454:Benevento 9386:Republics 9241:Judicates 9089:Byzantine 8746:and other 8684:(585–698) 8676:(554–752) 8670:(554–752) 8664:(533–751) 8649:(584–751) 8600:(435–534) 8594:(493–553) 8588:(476–493) 8579:(476–774) 8513:Iapygians 8357:Bucentaur 8330:Humanists 7945:Dogaressa 7845:Geography 7639:Renovatio 7579:cite book 7463:cite book 7366:cite book 7220:cite book 7177:cite book 7106:cite book 7081:cite book 7075:. Torino. 7056:cite book 6783:"Venezia" 5409:5 January 4554:of Venice 4489:(1425–54) 4418:(1848–49) 4341:Bucentaur 4272:dogaressa 4229:Andromeda 4194:mannerism 4178:Giorgione 4158:Donatello 3934:Comacchio 3913:Resources 3651:San Marco 3292:Cremonese 3284:Bresciano 3261:, called 3245:Gallipoli 3177:, called 3149:Cavarzere 3137:Malamocco 2511:abdicated 2405:Po Valley 2377:Austrians 2251:Uskok War 2220:interdict 2216:canon law 2104:Famagusta 2003:Louis XII 1910:in 1499. 1902:in 1426, 1809:(via the 1635:Scaligeri 1621:Carraresi 1386:chrysobol 1344:Byzantine 1303:feudalism 1266:Comacchio 1226:Narentine 1145:Metamauco 980:Mehmed II 898:Etymology 791:Byzantine 685:, in 726. 475:Alexios I 326:oligarchy 283:Religion 264:Dalmatian 185:(742–810) 183:Malamocco 179:(697–742) 12766:Category 12653:Internet 12643:Folklore 12573:Seicento 12558:Trecento 12553:Duecento 12515:Religion 12476:Regional 12454:Italians 12429:Gambling 12321:Taxation 12148:Military 12089:Politics 11891:Republic 11678:Florence 11603:Lombards 11542:Republic 11488:Samnites 11483:Picentes 11425:Apennine 11384:Railways 11364:Military 11312:By topic 11296:Overview 11280:articles 11232:Crusades 11110:Venetian 10915:Category 10882:Timeline 10771:Minstrel 10766:Medicine 10648:Chivalry 10603:Burgundy 10525:Crusades 10187:Skopelos 10183:Skiathos 10096:Navarino 9919:Dalmatia 9423:Piedmont 9273:Oristano 9266:Logudoro 9256:Cagliari 9231:Sardinia 8964:Piedmont 8713:Holy See 8564:Medieval 8518:Picentes 8461:Samnites 8385:Category 8340:Painting 8150:Military 8061:Auditors 7923:Politics 7883:Dalmatia 7861:Sestieri 7763:Timeline 7704:Treccani 7662:(2001). 7602:Archived 7573:. Milan. 7549:(1860). 7535:(1859). 7521:(1858). 7507:(1855). 7493:(1854). 7479:(1853). 7421:(1982). 7321:(1973). 7132:Archived 6833:Archived 6829:LaMoneta 6825:"Ducato" 6791:Archived 6787:LaMoneta 6758:Archived 6754:LaMoneta 6683:19 March 6677:Archived 6591:Treccani 6294:Treccani 5770:Archived 5493:(2012). 5445:Archived 5427:(1983). 5403:Archived 5275:Archived 5259:(1960). 5185:Archived 4617:Archived 4590:Archived 4522:Venetian 4370:See also 4352:Carnival 4186:Veronese 4156:through 4069:Aral Sea 3993:Nafplion 3989:Palamidi 3952:Industry 3944:and the 3938:Chioggia 3789:Torcello 3751:Religion 3647:Giudecca 3573:Citizens 3568:Giudecca 3537:and the 3527:tribunes 3481:Napoleon 3474:gonfalon 3411:mainland 3300:Polesine 3280:Veronese 3268:Padovano 3213:Cyclades 3207:and the 3201:Dalmatia 3161:Po Delta 3141:Chioggia 3129:Torcello 2990:captains 2984:and the 2907:Signoria 2834:Lordship 2814:Dalmatia 2810:Adriatic 2788:and the 2770:Signoria 2573:Politics 2569:(1762). 2480:Napoleon 2464:Piedmont 2387:and the 2241:and the 2208:Holy See 2100:Limassol 1896:Lombardy 1801:and the 1740:Mehmed I 1690:Chioggia 1499:Crusades 1451:and the 1256:and the 1254:Saracens 1230:Dalmatia 1222:Giovanni 1203:Rivoalto 1194:Rivoalto 1177:Obelerio 1173:Heraclia 1169:Equilium 1140:Heraclia 1136:Theodato 1075:Torcello 966:Dalmatia 942:de facto 884:and the 862:Napoleon 811:Crusades 752:Adriatic 740:Dalmatia 700:, was a 571:Currency 457:de facto 321:under a 300:Venetian 269:Albanian 259:Cimbrian 249:Friulian 234:Croatian 211:Venetian 104:War flag 102:Bottom: 74:697–1797 62:Venetian 12723:Theatre 12698:Palaces 12678:Museums 12648:Gardens 12633:Fashion 12623:Cuisine 12603:Castles 12545:Culture 12495:Poverty 12471:Italian 12382:Society 12363:Welfare 12331:Tourism 12301:Exports 12269:Banking 12249:Economy 12237:Economy 12193:Regions 12075:Valleys 12045:Islands 12025:Beaches 11996:Prealps 11976:Geology 11964:Climate 11628:Normans 11588:Odoacer 11537:Kingdom 11520:Ligures 11456:Ancient 11430:Nuragic 11379:Postage 11354:Judaism 11344:Genetic 11334:Fashion 11329:Economy 11288:History 11145:Livonia 11140:Prussia 10997:vassals 10825:Related 10811:Warfare 10806:Theatre 10796:Slavery 10791:Science 10746:Hunting 10711:Cuisine 10684:Culture 10623:Castile 10618:England 10236:Rodosto 10163:Mykonos 10054:Pteleos 10021:Preveza 10015:Vonitsa 9895:of the 9504:Corsica 9494:Tuscany 9459:Etruria 9408:Liguria 9261:Gallura 9251:Arborea 9167:Lombard 8867:Tuscany 8857:Trieste 8493:Ligures 8454:Etruria 8299:Culture 8230:Coinage 8214:Economy 8111:Censori 7758:History 7751:History 7251:(2001). 6601:26 June 6300:3 April 6264:JVenice 6234:JVenice 6204:JVenice 6171:JVenice 6141:JVenice 6099:JVenice 6057:JVenice 4508:Italian 4314:in 1732 4262:Fashion 4214:Grimani 4200:Theatre 4135:Culture 4110:denarii 4106:matapan 4086:Coinage 4061:Trabzon 4021:galleys 3902:Economy 3801:St Mark 3736:Erasmus 3679:Vicenza 3673:by the 3585:scholae 3506:Society 3431:Symbols 3374:galleys 3334:in the 3276:Vicenza 3205:Albania 3022:Pregadi 2994:podestà 2931:Cernida 2601:Venetia 2593:Tribune 2588:comitia 2500:Lombard 2496:Balkans 2460:galiots 2456:galleys 2397:Albania 2379:in the 2354:Corinth 2228:Servite 2187:at the 2135:Spanish 2112:Kyrenia 2108:Nicosia 2066:Apulian 2054:Romagna 2038:Romagna 2023:Durazzo 2011:Lepanto 2007:Cremona 1993:Lepanto 1908:Cremona 1904:Bergamo 1900:Brescia 1892:Durazzo 1888:Spalato 1872:Voivode 1840:Belluno 1836:Vicenza 1767:Albania 1678:Trieste 1660:, Doge 1625:Treviso 1426:new war 1365:Normans 1185:Venezia 1181:Venezia 1120:Venetia 1106:Leo III 1103:Emperor 1040:History 1006:Italian 1000:or the 748:Albania 551:• 538:• 525:• 512:• 499:• 486:• 469:• 449:• 310:Unitary 289:(state) 274:Slovene 254:Lombard 244:Istriot 207:Italian 177:Eraclea 170:Capital 47:Italian 12754: 12628:Design 12613:Cinema 12588:Anthem 12510:Racism 12459:People 12434:Health 12296:Energy 12286:Brands 12213:Comune 12208:Cities 12070:Rivers 12030:Canals 11713:Amalfi 11698:Venice 11557:Empire 11498:Veneti 11473:Latins 11445:Latial 11278: 11050:Greece 11014:Marash 10984:Levant 10905:Portal 10786:Poetry 10613:France 10248:Cyprus 10201:Aegina 10195:Skyros 10173:Sifnos 10139:Spezia 10084:Athens 10078:Patras 10003:Ithaca 9913:Istria 9823: 9757: 9744: 9731: 9570:(1848) 9564:(1831) 9519:states 9484:Naples 9194:Norman 9001:Dogado 8872:Verona 8837:Mantua 8832:Istria 8812:Finale 8802:Ancona 8750:states 8570:states 8488:Veneti 8466:Latins 8024:Senate 7959:Concio 7898:Cyprus 7878:Istria 7856:Dogado 7745: 7670: 7648: 7451: 7393: 7354: 7329: 7308: 7289: 7238:Trames 6378: 5501: 5437: 5395: 5342: 5321: 5239: 5214: 5177: 4391:–1816) 4291:velada 4182:Titian 4154:Veneto 4121:sequin 4076:Rialto 4063:, and 4049:Zaiton 4045:Bruges 3997:Greece 3925:Dogado 3895:ghetto 3807:, the 3793:Caorle 3724:italic 3720:octavo 3655:Rialto 3643:Mestre 3549:. 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