524:
31:
453:. He started drinking again and was sent back to Russia in March. As a result, Haapalainen was now expelled from the Communist Party. He moved back to Kalevala, where he worked as a teacher and a newspaperman. From May 1931, his last assignment was the head of the revolution research department in the
292:
in Russia, the social situation in
Finland became restless due to the food shortage and deep unemployment. Haapalainen was one of the most radical persons in the labour movement, openly calling for armed revolution, and organized Red Guards in southern Finland. In October, he became the commander of
362:. Haapalainen remained a member of the Finnish People's Delegation, but was dismissed in late April when the government had fled to Viipuri. Haapalainen was charged of drunkenness, inappropriate behavior and careless use of firearm. The Viipuri court martial ordered him to the
838:
511:
at a gravel pit in
Petrozavodsk that was used as an execution site by the NKVD. On 30 October 1994, Haapalainen was one of 38 victims of the Great Purge who were reburied at a cemetery in the Zareka district of Petrozavodsk.
489:'s personal suspicion of them. Reportedly, he was interrogated and tortured by the NKVD but refused to confess to his alleged crimes. On 20 November, Haapalainen was sentenced for 10 years, but a tribunal of
374:
were one of the few leading Reds who stayed in
Viipuri and organized the city's defense, but the Reds finally surrendered on 29 April. Haapalainen and Gylling avoided being caught and, in May, fled to
199:
in eastern
Finland. His father Aaro was a carpenter and the mother, Wilhelmiina Kinnunen, a housewife who earned extra income as a seamstress for the shop of the author and social activist
223:. In 1904, Haapalainen was not able to finish his studies due to lack of money and left the university. From 1903 to 1906, Haapalainen worked in the Social Democratic newspaper
415:
798:
245:
803:
818:
294:
403:
833:
651:
Osinsky, Pavel; Eloranta, Jari (2016). "Historicizing
Divergence: A Comparative Analysis of the Revolutionary Crises in Russia and Finland".
490:
367:
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823:
322:
163:
714:
689:
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635:
567:
344:
On 20 March, Haapalainen was removed as commander-in-chief of the Red Guards after a series of defeats. He was replaced by a
808:
391:
301:. A month later, Haapalainen was elected to the five-men committee which was in charge of all Finnish Red Guards. As the
108:
220:
96:
309:
as the Red Guards' commander-in-chief, even though he did not have any military training. He was also elected to the
276:. He also worked as an editor for the SAJ newsletter released monthly. In 1914, he served three months in prison for
272:. Haapalainen became a writer, publishing and translating several books and articles focusing in trade unionism and
410:. In the summer of 1919, Haapalainen was establishing a nursing home for disabled Finnish Red Guard veterans near
310:
261:
241:
159:
155:
100:
438:
387:
813:
793:
454:
366:, but the decision was not implemented as the Red government and most of the Red Guard staff fled to the
493:
section of the NKVD sentenced him to death. On 27 November 1937, Haapalainen was shot in
Petrozavodsk.
395:
171:
104:
445:
where he worked as an interpreter. In the beginning of 1925, Haapalainen was a member of the
Finnish
414:, but the idea never realized. Haapalainen moved to Petrograd, where he worked as a lecturer in the
265:
497:
277:
423:
55:
485:. He was one of many foreign communists in the Soviet Union arrested on false charges due to
330:
252:. In the summer of 1906, Haapalainen represented Finnish Social Democrats in the underground
788:
783:
747:
482:
140:
8:
441:
but was dismissed in 1923 due to his drinking problem. He was transferred to the town of
289:
208:
313:(the Red government) as the delegate for "internal affairs," effectively making him the
743:
257:
136:
710:
685:
658:
631:
563:
399:
314:
302:
203:. Haapalainen's parents wanted him to become a priest, but after graduating from the
144:
529:
501:
442:
120:
244:. A year later, he was the delegate of the Finnish Social Democratic Party at the
679:
652:
557:
537:
450:
386:
Haapalainen became one of many prominent communists who fled to Russia after the
326:
216:
839:
Members of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union executed by the Soviet Union
757:
371:
359:
240:
Haapalainen was one of the leading Red Guard organizers in
Helsinki during the
132:
166:
in
January until he was removed from both posts by April. Haapalainen fled to
777:
486:
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204:
167:
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for the Red movement in Finland. As a Red Guard commander, he issued a
269:
158:. Haapalainen was appointed commander of Red forces and elected to the
260:. In April 1907, Haapalainen was elected as the first chairman of the
225:
446:
418:
and served as a political officer in the 6th Finnish Regiment of the
375:
318:
253:
249:
151:
422:. From March to April 1920, Haapalainen fought against the Finnish
419:
212:
30:
434:
234:
207:, he studied for two years in a business college and entered the
175:
150:
Haapalainen was one of the most prominent figures of the Finnish
128:
507:
In the early 1990s, Haapalainen's remains were discovered in a
338:
333:. In February, he guaranteed the safe removal for the composer
196:
51:
268:. Haapalainen was expelled from the office in 1911 due to his
170:
in May 1918 after the Reds' defeat where he joined the exile
195:
Eero Haapalainen was born on 27 October 1880 in the town of
504:
process in May 1957, four years after the death of Stalin.
470:
411:
630:. Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society. pp. 461–462.
246:
4th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
154:
movement in the early 1900s and the first chairman of the
457:
in Petrozavodsk. In October 1935, he was expelled as a "
562:. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press. p. 164.
398:
in August 1918. Later in the autumn, he fought in the
305:
broke out in late January 1918, Haapalainen replaced
799:
People from Kuopio Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
519:
469:
On 27 October 1937, Haapalainen was arrested by the
555:
178:. Haapalainen was arrested and executed during the
556:Lazitch, Branko; Drachkovitch, Milorad M. (1986).
16:Finnish politician and trade unionist (1880–1937)
775:
429:In the summer of 1920, Haapalainen was moved to
654:Economic History of Warfare and State Formation
650:
804:Social Democratic Party of Finland politicians
704:
394:and was also one of the founders of the exile
229:in Helsinki, and in 1907 he was the editor of
219:and joined the Sawmill Workers' Union and the
709:. Turku: Institute of Migration. p. 97.
677:
628:Suomalaiset Venäjän sisällissodassa 1917–1922
591:
461:" in October 1935 and lived as a pensioner.
127:; 27 October 1880 – 27 November 1937) was a
381:
819:People of the Finnish Civil War (Red side)
29:
621:
619:
617:
615:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
559:Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern
329:which openly challenged the established
625:
402:in a unit organized by the Finnish Red
776:
612:
143:from January to March 1918 during the
88:politician, trade unionist, journalist
834:Finnish emigrants to the Soviet Union
576:
437:region. He held several posts in the
390:. Haapalainen became a member of the
392:Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
283:
657:. Helsinki: Springer. p. 108.
323:Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
164:Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
13:
221:Social Democratic Party of Finland
135:and journalist, who served as the
14:
850:
829:Great Purge victims from Finland
522:
824:People of the Russian Civil War
598:Biografiskt lexikon för Finland
500:in the Soviet Union during the
264:(SAJ) which was founded in the
752:26 January 1918–20 March 1918
698:
681:Sibelius Volume III: 1914-1957
671:
644:
549:
262:Finnish Trade Union Federation
215:, he became involved with the
190:
156:Finnish Trade Union Federation
1:
705:Lahti-Argutina, Eila (2001).
543:
370:in 25 April. Haapalainen and
678:Tawaststjerna, Erik (2008).
388:failed revolutions in Europe
7:
809:Finnish trade union leaders
684:. London: Faber and Faber.
515:
455:Karelian Research Institute
311:Finnish People's Delegation
211:Faculty of Law in 1901. In
160:Finnish People's Delegation
10:
855:
426:in the Russian Civil War.
396:Communist Party of Finland
172:Communist Party of Finland
754:
741:
733:
728:
707:Olimme joukko vieras vaan
439:Karelian Workers' Commune
341:to the capital Helsinki.
174:and was active in Soviet
92:
84:
62:
37:
28:
21:
464:
382:Life in the Soviet Union
125:Ero Erovich Khaapalaynen
123:Эро Эрович Хаапалайнен,
626:Harjula, Mirko (2006).
256:committee planning the
185:
592:Takala, Irina (2014).
477:on charges of being a
56:Grand Duchy of Finland
331:Government of Finland
266:Tampere Workers' Hall
483:counterrevolutionary
594:"Haapalainen, Eero"
290:February Revolution
278:political agitation
242:1905 general strike
209:Helsinki University
814:Finnish communists
794:People from Kuopio
744:Commander-in-chief
481:and a nationalist
416:Red Officer School
258:Sveaborg rebellion
137:commander-in-chief
772:
771:
755:Succeeded by
729:Military offices
716:978-951-92667-2-5
691:978-057-12477-4-5
664:978-981-10160-4-2
637:978-951-74674-2-1
569:978-081-79840-1-4
400:Russian Civil War
378:on a motor boat.
315:interior minister
303:Finnish Civil War
284:Finnish Civil War
145:Finnish Civil War
114:
113:
66:November 27, 1937
846:
734:Preceded by
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530:Communism portal
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502:de-Stalinization
496:Haapalainen was
321:proclaiming the
117:Eero Haapalainen
69:
48:October 27, 1880
47:
45:
33:
23:Eero Haapalainen
19:
18:
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538:Kullervo Manner
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327:socialist state
295:Kymi Paper Mill
288:After the 1917
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217:labour movement
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93:Organization(s)
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449:delegation in
383:
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372:Edvard Gylling
360:Evert Eloranta
337:from his home
285:
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192:
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133:trade unionist
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70:(aged 57)
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498:rehabilitated
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491:Karelian ASSR
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487:Joseph Stalin
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404:Felix Ravelin
401:
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368:Soviet Russia
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335:Jean Sibelius
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297:Red Guard in
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205:Kuopio Lyceum
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168:Soviet Russia
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85:Occupation(s)
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40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
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737:Ali Aaltonen
706:
700:
680:
673:
653:
646:
627:
602:. Retrieved
600:(in Swedish)
597:
558:
551:
506:
495:
468:
431:Petrozavodsk
428:
424:White Guards
385:
350:composed of
345:
343:
307:Ali Aaltonen
287:
274:cooperatives
239:
230:
224:
194:
149:
131:politician,
124:
116:
115:
78:Soviet Union
74:Petrozavodsk
68:(1937-11-27)
789:1937 deaths
784:1880 births
766:Adolf Taimi
475:Great Purge
473:during the
459:nationalist
356:Adolf Taimi
299:Kuusankoski
201:Minna Canth
191:Early years
180:Great Purge
778:Categories
762:Eino Rahja
748:Red Guards
544:References
509:mass grave
479:Trotskyist
352:Eino Rahja
270:alcoholism
141:Red Guards
44:1880-10-27
447:Comintern
376:Petrograd
319:manifesto
254:Bolshevik
250:Stockholm
182:in 1937.
152:socialist
604:14 April
516:See also
443:Kalevala
420:Red Army
213:Helsinki
746:of the
451:Germany
435:Karelia
433:in the
235:Viipuri
226:Työmies
176:Karelia
162:of the
139:of the
129:Finnish
121:Russian
713:
688:
661:
634:
566:
347:troika
339:Ainola
197:Kuopio
52:Kuopio
465:Death
364:front
711:ISBN
686:ISBN
659:ISBN
632:ISBN
606:2017
564:ISBN
471:NKVD
412:Kiev
408:Perm
358:and
325:, a
293:the
186:Life
109:CPSU
63:Died
38:Born
406:in
248:in
233:in
231:Työ
105:SKP
101:SAJ
97:SDP
780::
614:^
596:.
578:^
354:,
280:.
237:.
147:.
107:,
103:,
99:,
76:,
54:,
719:.
694:.
667:.
640:.
608:.
572:.
119:(
46:)
42:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
