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From a secular viewpoint, demonization can be used to denigrate an opposed individual or group, making adherents to one's own religion or viewpoint less inclined to do business with them (and possibly convert) and more inclined to fight against them. If foreigners are evil and corrupted by demonic
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The reverse is found in
Buddhist texts which similarly caricature Hindu sacred figures. According to Alf Hiltebeitel and other scholars, some of the stories in Buddha-related Jataka tales found in Pali texts seem slanderous distortions of Hindu legends, but these may reflect the ancient local
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is an example of this. If pagans are corrupted by the demon "god" Baal, then clearly they must be fought or at least oppressed. Especially in the earlier books of the Hebrew Bible, foreign deities are portrayed as existing and corrupting entities rather than being mere powerless
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The view of early
Judaism treating foreign deities as devils and later Judaism treating them as nonexistent is not universal. Psalms 96:5, for example, is alternately translated as, "For all the Gods of the gentiles are nothing," "For all the Gods of the gentiles are devils"
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easily accepts foreign gods in general, and in times of conflict, a foreign nation's gods would sometimes be portrayed as evil. Less commonly, it would be applied to other religions as well. For example, Buddha's portrayal in
Hinduism varies: Some strains of
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edition of the Bible. The "devils" epithet would still appear in Bibles up until the end of the 20th century when the consensus reverted to the original Hebrew text for modern translations.
81:, and other religions have similar histories. Demonization is not limited to focusing on other religions but can also be directed inward to condemn various schools of thought or movements.
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Religions, even those that are radically monotheistic, do not necessarily deny the existence of other gods or spiritual beings. On the contrary, they claim some of the other
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influence, then any means of self-defense is easily portrayed as legitimate. The portrayal of almost all pagans in the Middle East as
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ones. The term has since been expanded to refer to any characterization of individuals, groups, or political bodies as evil.
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347:"And they utterly destroyed all that was in the city, both man and woman, young and old, and ox, and sheep, and
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Demonization is sometimes used against what are arguably political opponents rather than religious ones. The
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are not worthy of worship and in actuality are demons who mislead followers from proper belief or practice.
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translation of that passage, used by the early
Christian Church, used the "devils" version.
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translated into
English", Psalm 95:5, translated by Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton, 1851.
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traditions and the complexities of early interaction between the two Indian religions.
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In colloquial usage, the term "demonization" is used metaphorically to refer to
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would follow the Greek text rather than the Hebrew when he translated the
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134:. Later, the language of demonization would be invoked with the rise in
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Analogs to demonization exist outside monotheistic religions, as well.
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531:" Pentacles and Pentagrams", Religious Tolerance, Retrieved 6 May 2007
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Characterization of individuals, groups, or political bodies as evil
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The
Buddhist Viṣṇu: Religious Transformation, Politics, and Culture
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106:. Some of the most known of these demonizations are
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often employed demonization tactics when converting
209:were destroyed by accusations that they worshipped
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408:"The Edict of Expulsion of the Jews - 1492 Spain"
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507:The Ritual of Battle: Krishna in the Mahabharata
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334:of their gods ye shall burn with fire."
477:Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006).
456:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 18–21.
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225:deity with the Christian images of
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118:up to the extent that they became
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367:"Demons in the Old Testament"
104:suppression of Roman paganism
287:Idealization and devaluation
140:Expulsion of Jews from Spain
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450:John Clifford Holt (2008).
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26:is the reinterpretation of
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365:Bratcher, Dennis (2006).
504:Alf Hiltebeitel (1990).
483:. Infobase. p. 96.
480:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
412:www.sephardicstudies.org
326:"Ye shall destroy their
554:Encyclopædia Britannica
437:3 February 2008 at the
251:character assassination
136:Antisemitism in Iberia
580:Sociology of religion
191:incarnation of Vishnu
298:Notes and references
282:Demonizing the enemy
102:'s ascension in its
201:Political conflicts
132:Abrahamic religions
89:worshippers in the
42:, generally by the
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292:Scapegoating
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233:Modern usage
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158:) The Greek
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91:Hebrew Bible
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67:missionaries
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48:henotheistic
44:monotheistic
28:polytheistic
24:demonisation
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20:Demonization
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393:"The Greek
243:moral panic
73:, although
30:deities as
575:Demonology
569:Categories
395:Septuagint
247:defamation
239:propaganda
213:from King
178:Polytheism
160:Septuagint
120:synonymous
417:2 January
376:2 January
219:Beelzebub
122:with the
112:Beelzebub
64:Christian
40:religions
38:by other
435:Archived
261:See also
211:Baphomet
183:Hinduism
144:Moriscos
116:Baphomet
54:Religion
34:, lying
253:and/or
195:Puranas
171:Vulgate
152:Vulgate
108:Lucifer
75:Judaism
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353:Joshua
336:Exodus
328:altars
223:horned
187:Buddha
164:Jerome
71:pagans
36:demons
338:34:13
227:Satan
168:Latin
128:satan
124:devil
96:idols
79:Islam
512:ISBN
485:ISBN
458:ISBN
419:2023
378:2023
355:6:21
156:NRSV
114:and
87:Baal
60:gods
46:and
32:evil
349:ass
241:or
189:an
130:of
22:or
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