144:
453:
36:
946:
1025:
550:
711:
399:
464:
624:
680:
507:
902:
979:
801:
933:
580:
992:
814:
724:
1038:
845:
537:
475:
1124:
1071:
433:
411:
667:
593:
1084:
889:
770:
757:
636:
858:
1111:
1296:, which prohibits both the threat and the use of force in international conflicts, have made declarations of war largely obsolete in international relations, though such declarations may have relevance within the domestic law of the belligerents or of neutral nations. The UN Security Council, under powers granted in articles 24 and 25, and Chapter VII of the Charter, may authorize
1165:", side-stepping a formal declaration of war. The statement was, however, regarded as a declaration of war by the Ukrainian government and reported as such by many international news sources. While the Ukrainian parliament refers to Russia as a "terrorist state" in regards to its military actions in Ukraine, it has not issued a formal declaration of war on its behalf.
122:
in international conflicts, have made declarations of war largely obsolete in international relations, though such declarations may have relevance within the domestic law of the belligerents or of neutral nations. The UN Security
Council, under powers granted in articles 24 and 25, and Chapter VII of
1996:
Developments in international law since 1945, notably the United
Nations (UN) Charter, including its prohibition on the threat or use of force in international relations, may well have made the declaration of war redundant as a formal international legal instrument (unlawful recourse to force does
319:
since 1945. Additionally, some small states have unilaterally declared war on major world powers such as the United States or Russia when faced with a hostile invasion and/or occupation. The following is a list of declarations of war (or the existence of war) by one sovereign state against another
1204:
The existence of a state of war must be notified to the neutral Powers without delay, and shall not take effect in regard to them until after the receipt of a notification, which may, however, be given by telegraph. Neutral Powers, nevertheless, cannot rely on the absence of notification if it is
1725:
Per
Article 71: "The jurisdiction of the Russian Federation includes foreign policy and international relations of the Russian Federation, international treaties and agreements of the Russian Federation, issues of war and peace;" Per Article 86:a "The President of the Russian Federation shall:
1378:
The
President of Brazil has the power to declare war, in the event of foreign aggression, when authorized by the National Congress or, upon its ratification if the aggression occurs between legislative sessions, and decree full or partial national mobilization under the same conditions.
189:
showed that between 1700 and 1870 war was declared in only 10 cases, while in another 107 cases war was waged without such declaration (these figures include only wars waged in Europe and between
European states and the United States, not including colonial wars in Africa and Asia).
197:, a declaration of war entails the recognition between countries of a state of hostilities between these countries, and such declaration has acted to regulate the conduct between the military engagements between the forces of the respective countries. The primary multilateral
1300:
to maintain or enforce international peace and security. Article 51 of the United
Nations Charter also states that: "Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right to individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a state."
127:
to maintain or enforce international peace and security. Article 51 of the United
Nations Charter also states that: "Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right to individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a state."
1436:
may "decide, when the
National People's Congress is not in session, on the proclamation of a state of war in the event of an armed attack on the country or in fulfillment of international treaty obligations concerning common defense against aggression".
1309:
Declaring war is usually done through a process that involves prior approval before a formal announcement is made. This differs by country as some do not have a pre-approved process, and a given head of government can declare war with no pre-conditions.
280:
judged that "any sort of previous declaration therefore is an empty formality unless the enemy must be given time and opportunity to put himself in a state of defence, and it is needless to say that no one asserts such a quixotism to be obligatory."
1499:
does not vote on the declaration, but only debate on the proposal of the government. After 4 months of any military intervention, the
Parliament can authorize the extension of the war. The 4 months period is not always respected by the government.
1195:
The
Contracting Powers recognize that hostilities between themselves must not commence without previous and explicit warning, in the form either of a reasoned declaration of war or of an ultimatum with conditional declaration of war.
1214:
In an effort to force nations to resolve issues without warfare, framers of the United Nations Charter attempted to commit member nations to using warfare only under limited circumstances, particularly for defensive purposes.
275:
judged that "nations and princes endowed with some pride are not generally willing to wage war without a previous declaration, for they wish by an open attack to render victory more honourable and glorious." Writing in 1880,
1431:
The National People's Congress is vested with the power to decide "on issues concerning war and peace" while the President "in pursuance of the decisions of the National People's Congress...proclaims a state of war." The
2502:
1177:
In case of serious disagreement or conflict, before an appeal to arms, the signatory Powers agree to have recourse, as far as circumstances allow, to the good offices or mediation of one or more friendly
3093:
131:
Declarations of war have been exceedingly rare since the end of World War II. Scholars have debated the causes of the decline, with some arguing that states are trying to evade the restrictions of
1173:
In Title II, Article 2 of the first Hague Convention of 1899, the signatory states agreed that at least one other nation be used to mediate disputes between states before engaging in hostilities:
224:, demonstrated that world powers were seriously seeking a means to prevent the carnage of another world war. Nevertheless, these powers were unable to stop the outbreak of the
2429:
3150:
1848:
1524:
Unless Germany is attacked by an opposing military force, a two-thirds majority vote must be held in the Bundestag if the federal republic is under the threat of war.
2414:
1238:
absent) and called upon its member nations to come to the aid of South Korea. The United States and 15 other nations formed a "UN force" to pursue this action. In a
1433:
2657:
1596:
Per article 40(a) of the Basic Law The Knesset, the state will declare war "pursuant to a government decision" with the prime minister to give notice to the
2579:
151:
1183:
2528:"BREAKING: Hezbollah Secretary General Nasrallah call the Israeli attacks on Lebanon a genocide, adding that you can call it a "declaration of war""
3322:
1902:
1798:
The Swedish cabinet (regeringen) may not declare Sweden to be at war without the parliament's (riksdagen) consent unless Sweden is attacked first.
1097:
2462:
135:(which governs conduct in war) while others argue that war declarations have come to be perceived as markers of aggression and maximalist aims.
2759:
1416:
1254:
1571:
The president of India can declare war or conclude peace, subject to the approval of parliament and advice from select government officials.
1516:
1600:"as soon as possible." Per article 3(a) of the Basic Law The Government, "the Government is comprised of the Prime Minister and Ministers."
1277:
The legality of who is competent to declare war varies between nations and forms of government. In many nations, that power is given to the
83:
The legality of who is competent to declare war varies between nations and forms of government. In many nations, that power is given to the
1826:
may declare Turkey to be at war without the parliament's consent if the parliament is adjourned or in recess and Turkey is attacked first.
3220:
2836:
2817:
1250:
1158:
213:
2605:
1002:
2433:
143:
2448:
320:
since the end of World War II in 1945. Only declarations that occurred in the context of a direct military conflict are included.
2993:
2324:
1876:
787:
301:
2554:
290:
3151:"Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform Svensk författningssamling 1974:1974:152 t.o.m. SFS 2018:1903 - Riksdagen"
2477:
267:
The utility of formal declarations of war has always been questioned, either as sentimental remnants of a long-gone age of
2286:
Borders, boundaries, peoples, and states : a comparative analysis of post-independence Tanzania-Uganda border regions
2632:
232:
was established following that war in a renewed attempt to prevent international aggression through declarations of war.
29:
3206:
1286:
108:
2930:
3257:
2242:
2202:
No. 14 (2). Publications of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Oxford at the Clarendon Press. (I, ii, 8)
2169:
2139:
1867:
1808:
1664:
743:
119:
311:
Declarations of war, while uncommon in the traditional sense, have mainly been limited to the conflict areas of the
1030:
653:
3318:
Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications
1670:
1186:" gives the international actions a country should perform when opening hostilities. The first two Articles say:
2785:
35:
1976:
1836:
443:
132:
42:
1424:
421:
22:
2258:
72:(or the public signing of a document) by an authorized party of a national government, in order to create a
3341:
1765:
1403:
1950:
3291:
3221:"Text of Declaration of War on Bulgaria – June 5, 1942 – Historical Resources About The Second World War"
1534:
1373:
1338:
1154:
965:
3316:
3351:
3279:
1492:
1162:
697:
2904:
1742:
1057:
1011:
357:
272:
2763:
2234:
2227:
1775:
The King, with prior authorization by the Parliament, has the power to declare war and make peace.
1581:
734:
194:
1463:
The President of Finland may declare war or peace, with permission from the Parliament of Finland
3288:
1540:
1344:
566:
2395:
1352:
Per Defence Act 1903 a declaration of war may be made by the Prime Minister of Australia alone.
3166:
1861:
1814:
1717:
1640:
1368:
1293:
186:
115:
3247:
3163:
3043:
2883:
1693:
1651:
1645:
1563:
1458:
1253:
that declared some wars to be legal actions under international law, most notably Resolution
45:
3305:
3187:
2738:
2717:
2633:"Battles flare across Ukraine after Putin declares war Battles flare as Putin declares war"
2215:. 8th ed. by A. Pearce Higgins. London: Humphrey Milford: Oxford University Press. (p. 444)
1937:
1736:
1616:
1587:
1473:
1453:
1447:
1234:. The UN Security Council condemned the North Korean action by a 9–0 resolution (with the
8:
3346:
2931:"Le Parlement et la décision de guerre : retour sur l'article 35 de la Constitution"
2478:"Israel formally declares war against Hamas as it battles to push militants off its soil"
1823:
1711:
1634:
1479:
1362:
1150:
277:
2476:
Gold, Hadas; Faqiri, Shirin; Regan, Helen; Yeung, Jessie; Hu, Caitlin (8 October 2023).
2113:
2063:
1912:
1770:
1557:
1389:
831:
3310:
2985:
2832:
2696:
2376:
181:
However, the practice of declaring war was not always strictly followed. In his study
3253:
2968:
2950:
2811:
2686:, Oxford University Press (1918) p. 43 "Pacific Settlement of International Disputes"
2515:
Hezbollah Chief Nasrallah: Israel Crossed All Red Lines, This Is a Declaration of War
2341:
2290:
2238:
2165:
2135:
2117:
2105:
2067:
2055:
1907:
1759:
1701:
Defensive war shall be declared by an Emiri decree and aggressive war is prohibited.
1488:
1297:
919:
850:
610:
261:
205:
159:
124:
2857:
1205:
clearly established that they were in fact aware of the existence of a state of war.
3071:
2942:
2822:
The United Nations Security Council – Its Role in the Iraq Crisis: A Brief Overview
2527:
2097:
2047:
1239:
403:
398:
375:
96:
92:
2259:"In Bed With Phillip - 20 Years of Late Night Live - War and its Legacy - Amos Oz"
2051:
3326:
2284:
2101:
1897:
1785:
1496:
1243:
463:
245:
77:
3136:
3122:
3057:
3015:
2358:
2035:
2085:
1983:
1917:
1831:
1610:
381:
229:
167:
61:
2309:
3335:
3184:
2954:
2109:
2059:
1856:
1687:
1278:
875:
685:
163:
84:
39:
2294:
1246:
characterized these hostilities as not being a "war" but a "police action".
3192:
3171:
2013:
1891:
1731:
1285:. The official international protocol for declaring war was defined in the
1235:
312:
225:
175:
170:
formalized the declaration of war by a special ceremony, the ritual of the
147:
107:. The official international protocol for declaring war was defined in the
49:
2946:
91:. In other cases, something short of a full declaration of war, such as a
2739:"Laws of War : Opening of Hostilities (Hague III); October 18, 1907"
2718:"Laws of War : Opening of Hostilities (Hague III); October 18, 1907"
2697:"Laws of War : Opening of Hostilities (Hague III); October 18, 1907"
1659:
1269:. UN Resolutions authorise the use of "force" or "all necessary means".
1227:
1223:
907:
492:
369:
363:
316:
209:
1624:
The Emir declares defensive war by decree. Offensive war is prohibited.
1231:
984:
523:
511:
506:
252:, for launching a surprise attack without a declaration of war against
241:
235:
158:
The practice of declaring war has a long history. The ancient Sumerian
69:
2792:
2884:"Suomen perustuslaki 731/1999 - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö - FINLEX ®"
1654:
after the correspondent law is enacted by the Congress of the Union.
1510:
1333:
1219:
1116:
951:
271:
or as imprudent warnings to the enemy. For example, writing in 1737,
104:
100:
2345:
1258:
938:
806:
716:
585:
549:
268:
1936:
While declaring war does not require the direct approval from the
1793:
1597:
1586:
The Knesset:Article 40(a) and The Government:Article 3(a) of the
1529:
1505:
1442:
1282:
1043:
997:
819:
729:
542:
480:
295:
253:
171:
88:
2555:"Putin's Ukraine invasion - do declarations of war still exist?"
2012:
284:
3123:"Full text: Chapter 4. The President of the Russian Federation"
2036:"Off the Menu: Post-1945 Norms and the End of War Declarations"
1803:
1780:
1706:
1629:
1605:
1576:
1468:
1384:
1357:
1266:
1129:
1076:
863:
672:
598:
438:
416:
257:
249:
221:
198:
2233:. New York: Random House Ballantine Publishing Group. p.
2606:"'No other option': Excerpts of Putin's speech declaring war"
1754:
1682:
1552:
1411:
1088:
894:
775:
457:
452:
217:
1287:
Hague Convention (III) of 1907 on the Opening of Hostilities
1149:
No formal declaration of war has been issued in the ongoing
109:
Hague Convention (III) of 1907 on the Opening of Hostilities
68:
activity against another. The declaration is a performative
2463:"Western Sahara independence group declares war on Morocco"
2430:"Cameroon government 'declares war' on secessionist rebels"
1849:
Declarations of war by Great Britain and the United Kingdom
1262:
762:
641:
628:
623:
554:
468:
18:
Formal act by which one state announces war against another
3207:"House of Commons Hansard Debates for 23 Jul 1999 (Pt 23)"
3167:
Former defence chiefs oppose role for MPs in war decisions
2905:"Article 35 - Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 - LĂ©gifrance"
2449:"Azerbaijan declares state of war in some cities, regions"
1292:
Since 1945, developments in international law such as the
114:
Since 1945, developments in international law such as the
65:
3188:
A declaration of war on this medieval royal prerogative
2684:
The Hague Conventions and Declarations of 1899 and 1907
2658:"Verkhovna Rada recognized Russia as a terrorist state"
201:
governing such declarations are the Hague Conventions.
1726:
govern the foreign policy of the Russian Federation;"
2553:
Pullen, Rebekah K.; Frost, Catherine (3 March 2022).
3094:"The Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands"
2475:
2396:"Georgia declares 'state of war' over South Ossetia"
1434:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
1161:
announcing the start of the invasion with the term "
236:
Denigration of formal declarations of war before WWI
3058:"Israel: Israel: Basic Law of 1992, The Government"
2342:
World: Africa Eritrea: 'Ethiopia pursues total war'
152:
German declaration of war against the United States
21:"State of war" redirects here. For other uses, see
3280:
2748:– via The Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
2727:– via The Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
2706:– via The Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
2226:
2034:Irajpanah, Katherine; Schultz, Kenneth A. (2021).
1977:"Waging war: Parliament's role and responsibility"
1790:2010:1408 15 kap. 14 § entitled "Krigsförklaring"
174:, though the practice started to decline into the
1650:The President may declare war in the name of the
1184:Convention Relative to the Opening of Hostilities
3333:
2033:
1997:not sit happily with an idea of legal equality).
1903:List of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity
3225:Historical Resources About The Second World War
2969:"Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany"
2322:
3175:. 28 December 2007. Retrieved on 15 March 2009
2928:
2446:
296:Formal declarations of war during World War II
3313:defines the protocol for starting hostilities
3137:"Full text: Chapter 3. The Federal Structure"
2412:
2307:
2289:(PhD). University of Minnesota. p. 167.
1491:"authorize" the declaration of war. Both the
1209:
285:Formal declarations of war during World War I
3196:. 23 August 2005. Retrieved on 15 March 2009
2992:(in Hungarian). Wolters Kluwer Hungary Kft.
2580:"Ukraine's envoy says Russia 'declared war'"
2393:
2224:
2007:
2005:
3199:
2837:United Nations High Commission for Refugees
2833:"UN Security Council Resolution 678 (1990)"
2630:
2552:
1182:The Hague Convention (III) of 1907 called "
306:
1304:
214:General Treaty for the Renunciation of War
118:, which prohibits both the threat and the
2002:
2935:Revue française de droit constitutionnel
2282:
142:
34:
3306:Declarations of war during World War II
3249:The International Law of Armed Conflict
2283:Kamazima, Switbert Rwechungura (2004).
1940:, such can be sought by the government.
1877:Declaration of war by the United States
302:Declarations of war during World War II
3334:
3245:
2988:[Fundamental Law of Hungary].
2816:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2631:Sheftalovic, Zoya (24 February 2022).
2427:
2164:, University of Illinois Press, 1998,
2134:, University of Illinois Press, 1998,
1144:
291:Declarations of war during World War I
183:Hostilities without Declaration of War
2083:
1971:
1969:
1139:
2447:Ruslan Rehimov (27 September 2020).
2079:
2077:
2029:
2027:
208:, formed in 1919 in the wake of the
162:gives an account of it, as does the
3320:, US Congressional Research Service
2415:"Sudan declares war on South Sudan"
788:Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
48:signs a declaration of war against
30:Declaration of war (disambiguation)
13:
3285:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3072:"CapĂtulo III Del Poder Ejecutivo"
3016:"PART XVIII: EMERGENCY PROVISIONS"
2377:"France backing Djibouti in 'war'"
2196:Quæstionum Juris Publici Liber Duo
2194:Bynkershoek, Cornelius van. 1930.
2086:"Why States No Longer Declare War"
1966:
14:
3363:
3299:
2996:from the original on 29 June 2023
2990:Hatályos Jogszabályok Gyűjteménye
2760:"The President's News Conference"
2359:"Call to ease Chad-Sudan tension"
2323:Theodore Draper (29 March 1990).
2200:The Classics of International Law
2074:
2024:
1868:Constitution of the United States
1230:on 25 June 1950, which began the
260:' ally – an event that began the
99:, may authorise war-like acts by
2428:Sixtus, Mbom (4 December 2017).
2183:History of the Peloponnesian War
1949:The NPC has been described as a
1122:
1109:
1082:
1069:
1036:
1023:
990:
977:
944:
931:
900:
887:
856:
843:
812:
799:
768:
755:
722:
709:
678:
665:
654:United States invasion of Panama
634:
622:
591:
578:
548:
535:
505:
473:
462:
451:
431:
409:
397:
64:announces existing or impending
3273:
3239:
3213:
3178:
3157:
3143:
3129:
3115:
3086:
3064:
3050:
3036:
3008:
2978:
2961:
2929:Leblond-Masson, Romain (2015).
2922:
2897:
2876:
2862:Federal Register of Legislation
2850:
2825:
2778:
2752:
2731:
2710:
2689:
2676:
2650:
2624:
2598:
2572:
2546:
2520:
2495:
2469:
2455:
2440:
2421:
2413:Scott Baldauf (19 April 2012).
2406:
2387:
2369:
2351:
2335:
2316:
2301:
2276:
2251:
2218:
2213:A Treatise on International Law
2205:
1943:
1930:
1671:Constitution of the Netherlands
3311:Hague Convention (III) in 1907
3252:. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
2762:. 29 June 1950. Archived from
2394:Peter Walker (9 August 2008).
2188:
2175:
2154:
2151:Deut. 20:10–12, Judg. 11:1–32.
2145:
2124:
1421:Article 62(15), 67(19) and 80
1249:The United Nations has issued
1242:on 29 June 1950, US President
133:international humanitarian law
1:
2198:(1737). Trans. Tenney Frank.
2162:The Lost Art of Declaring War
2132:The Lost Art of Declaring War
2052:10.1080/09636412.2021.1979842
2015:Charter of the United Nations
1960:
1168:
60:is a formal act by which one
23:State of war (disambiguation)
2417:. Christian Science Monitor.
2211:Hall, William Edward. 1924.
2102:10.1080/09636412.2012.734227
1866:Article 1, Section 8 of the
1766:Spanish constitution of 1978
1404:Declaration of war by Canada
1251:Security Council Resolutions
1065:Existence of a state of war
973:Existence of a state of war
883:Existence of a state of war
839:Existence of a state of war
795:Existence of a state of war
751:Existence of a state of war
705:Existence of a state of war
661:Existence of a state of war
185:(1883), the British scholar
7:
2986:"Magyarország Alaptörvénye"
2682:Scott, James Brown, editor
1885:
1272:
1155:Russian invasion of Ukraine
966:Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
123:the Charter, may authorize
10:
3368:
2503:"Israel-Hamas War Day 349"
2325:"Did Noriega declare war?"
2084:Fazal, Tanisha M. (2012).
1541:Fundamental Law of Hungary
1210:The United Nations and war
1163:special military operation
1153:. At the beginning of the
299:
288:
138:
27:
20:
1855:
1830:
1813:Article 87 and 92 of the
1802:
1779:
1753:
1743:Basic Law of Saudi Arabia
1730:
1716:Article 71 and 86 of the
1705:
1681:
1658:
1639:Article 89 § VIII of the
1628:
1604:
1575:
1551:
1528:
1504:
1467:
1441:
1410:
1383:
1356:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1098:Israel–Hezbollah conflict
1047:
1012:Second Western Sahara War
425:
407:
392:
389:
353:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
273:Cornelius van Bynkershoek
2329:New York Review of Books
1923:
486:Still technically at war
307:Declared wars since 1945
195:public international law
3246:Kwakwa, Edward (1992).
3044:"Basic Law The Knesset"
1345:Australian constitution
1328:Additional information
1305:Requirements by country
1261:which was triggered by
1257:, authorizing the 1991
3164:Norton-Taylor, Richard
2909:www.legifrance.gouv.fr
2308:Robert Cowley (1996).
1815:Constitution of Turkey
1718:Constitution of Russia
1617:Constitution of Kuwait
1369:Brazilian constitution
1294:United Nations Charter
1207:
1180:
698:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
187:John Frederick Maurice
155:
116:United Nations Charter
53:
2947:10.3917/rfdc.104.0839
2225:Michael Oren (2003).
1694:Constitution of Qatar
1652:United Mexican States
1564:Constitution of India
1562:Article 53(2) of the
1188:
1175:
146:
46:Franklin D. Roosevelt
38:
3325:1 April 2012 at the
2858:"Series C1903A00020"
1938:Parliament of Canada
1641:Mexican Constitution
1454:Finnish constitution
240:In classical times,
154:on 11 December 1941.
76:between two or more
52:on 11 December 1941.
28:For other uses, see
3342:Declarations of war
2766:on 26 December 2010
2465:. 14 November 2020.
2365:. 25 December 2005.
1894:(mostly undeclared)
1480:French constitution
1159:televised broadcast
1151:Russo-Ukrainian War
1145:Russo-Ukrainian War
1105:Declaration of war
1019:Declaration of war
927:Declaration of war
618:Declaration of war
574:Declaration of war
567:Uganda–Tanzania War
531:Declaration of war
501:Declaration of war
393:Declaration of war
278:William Edward Hall
3101:www.government.nl/
2798:on 2 November 2015
2612:. 24 February 2022
2586:. 24 February 2022
2584:The Economic Times
1913:State of emergency
1764:Article 63 of the
1741:Article 61 of the
1692:Article 71 of the
1669:Article 96 of the
1615:Article 68 of the
1539:Article 49 of the
1478:Article 35 of the
1452:Article 93 of the
1367:Article 84 of the
1343:Section 61 of the
1140:Other unique cases
1102:19 September 2024
970:27 September 2020
832:Russo-Georgian War
615:22 September 1980
216:of 1928 signed in
156:
58:declaration of war
54:
3352:Chronology of war
2451:. Anadolu Agency.
2436:on 21 April 2018.
1908:Letter of protest
1883:
1882:
1493:National Assembly
1298:collective action
1137:
1136:
1016:14 November 2020
920:Anglophone Crisis
748:23 December 2005
744:Chadian Civil War
658:15 December 1989
262:Peloponnesian War
206:League of Nations
160:Epic of Gilgamesh
125:collective action
3359:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3203:
3197:
3182:
3176:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3098:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3020:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2864:. September 2021
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2815:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2797:
2791:. Archived from
2790:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2693:
2687:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2559:The Conversation
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2432:. Archived from
2425:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2355:
2349:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
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2255:
2249:
2248:
2232:
2222:
2216:
2209:
2203:
2192:
2186:
2179:
2173:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2090:Security Studies
2081:
2072:
2071:
2040:Security Studies
2031:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1981:
1973:
1954:
1947:
1941:
1934:
1313:
1312:
1240:press conference
1218:The UN became a
1128:
1126:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1062:7 October 2023
1058:Israel–Hamas war
1042:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1003:10 November 2020
996:
994:
993:
983:
981:
980:
950:
948:
947:
937:
935:
934:
924:4 December 2017
906:
904:
903:
893:
891:
890:
862:
860:
859:
849:
847:
846:
818:
816:
815:
805:
803:
802:
780:15 January 2010
774:
772:
771:
761:
759:
758:
735:12 December 2000
728:
726:
725:
715:
713:
712:
690:31 January 1990
684:
682:
681:
671:
669:
668:
640:
638:
637:
627:
626:
597:
595:
594:
584:
582:
581:
571:2 November 1978
553:
552:
541:
539:
538:
510:
509:
479:
477:
476:
467:
466:
456:
455:
437:
435:
434:
415:
413:
412:
402:
401:
376:War of Attrition
358:Arab–Israeli War
346:Declaring party
323:
322:
226:Second World War
97:covert operation
93:letter of marque
3367:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3332:
3331:
3327:Wayback Machine
3302:
3297:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3244:
3240:
3230:
3228:
3227:. 7 August 2008
3219:
3218:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3183:
3179:
3162:
3158:
3149:
3148:
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3116:
3106:
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3087:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3027:
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3018:
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3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2984:
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2979:
2971:
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2966:
2962:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
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2902:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2841:
2839:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2786:"Archived copy"
2784:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2767:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2664:. 15 April 2022
2656:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2629:
2625:
2615:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
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2573:
2563:
2561:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2508:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2474:
2470:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2445:
2441:
2426:
2422:
2411:
2407:
2392:
2388:
2383:. 13 June 2008.
2375:
2374:
2370:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2340:
2336:
2321:
2317:
2310:"Iran-Iraq War"
2306:
2302:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2245:
2229:Six Days of War
2223:
2219:
2210:
2206:
2193:
2189:
2180:
2176:
2160:Brien Hallett,
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2130:Brien Hallett,
2129:
2125:
2082:
2075:
2032:
2025:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1989:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1948:
1944:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1898:Frozen conflict
1888:
1675:States General
1593:Prime Minister
1427:
1398:
1349:Prime Minister
1307:
1275:
1265:'s invasion of
1244:Harry S. Truman
1212:
1171:
1157:, Putin gave a
1147:
1142:
1123:
1121:
1110:
1108:
1083:
1081:
1070:
1068:
1037:
1035:
1024:
1022:
991:
989:
978:
976:
945:
943:
932:
930:
901:
899:
888:
886:
868:16 August 2008
857:
855:
844:
842:
813:
811:
800:
798:
769:
767:
756:
754:
723:
721:
710:
708:
679:
677:
666:
664:
635:
633:
621:
592:
590:
579:
577:
547:
536:
534:
504:
474:
472:
461:
450:
444:26 October 1994
432:
430:
410:
408:
396:
387:
309:
304:
298:
293:
287:
238:
210:First World War
150:announcing the
141:
33:
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3365:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3330:
3329:
3314:
3308:
3301:
3300:External links
3298:
3296:
3295:
3272:
3258:
3238:
3212:
3198:
3185:Kettle, Martin
3177:
3156:
3142:
3128:
3114:
3085:
3063:
3049:
3035:
3007:
2977:
2960:
2941:(4): 839–862.
2921:
2896:
2875:
2849:
2824:
2777:
2751:
2730:
2709:
2688:
2675:
2649:
2623:
2597:
2571:
2545:
2519:
2494:
2468:
2454:
2439:
2420:
2405:
2386:
2368:
2350:
2348:. 6 June 1998.
2334:
2315:
2312:. History.com.
2300:
2275:
2263:www.abc.net.au
2250:
2243:
2217:
2204:
2187:
2174:
2153:
2144:
2123:
2096:(4): 557–593.
2073:
2046:(4): 485–516.
2023:
2001:
1986:. 27 July 2006
1984:House of Lords
1964:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1942:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1918:Undeclared war
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1834:
1832:United Kingdom
1828:
1827:
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1665:States General
1662:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1591:
1584:
1582:Prime Minister
1579:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1555:
1549:
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1546:
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1532:
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1513:
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1395:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1339:Prime Minister
1336:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:Authorized by
1323:
1320:
1317:
1306:
1303:
1274:
1271:
1211:
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1170:
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1054:
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915:
913:
910:
897:
884:
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880:11 April 2012
878:
872:
871:
869:
866:
853:
840:
837:
836:9 August 2008
834:
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559:15 March 1978
557:
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382:Yom Kippur War
379:
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308:
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300:Main article:
297:
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289:Main article:
286:
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244:condemned the
237:
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230:United Nations
168:Roman Republic
140:
137:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3315:
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3309:
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3303:
3293:
3290:
3289:107–40 (text)
3283:
3276:
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3259:9780792315582
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2937:(in French).
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2170:0-252-06726-6
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2141:
2140:0-252-06726-6
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2028:
2018:
2016:
2008:
2006:
1998:
1985:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1965:
1953:legislature.
1952:
1946:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1919:
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1911:
1909:
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1901:
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1857:United States
1854:
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1515:Article 115a
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1995:
1988:. Retrieved
1951:rubber stamp
1945:
1932:
1892:Ongoing wars
1732:Saudi Arabia
1322:Legal cause
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1236:Soviet Union
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1199:
1198:
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1049:Still at war
1048:
957:Still at war
956:
912:26 May 2012
824:6 June 2010
702:14 May 1998
603:3 June 1979
485:
390:15 May 1948
313:Western Asia
310:
266:
248:, allies of
239:
203:
192:
182:
180:
157:
148:Adolf Hitler
130:
120:use of force
113:
82:
74:state of war
73:
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50:Nazi Germany
15:
2842:31 December
2268:10 February
1819:Parliament
1660:Netherlands
1568:Parliament
1545:Parliament
1521:Parliament
1484:Parliament
1228:South Korea
1224:North Korea
908:South Sudan
493:Six-Day War
370:Six-Day War
364:Suez Crisis
341:References
317:East Africa
105:mercenaries
3347:Law of war
3336:Categories
3107:22 October
2802:2 February
2610:Al Jazeera
2185:, Book II.
2172:, pp. 66f.
2142:, pp. 65f.
2020:. art. 51.
1961:References
1809:Parliament
1794:Parliament
1771:Parliament
1722:President
1590:of Israel
1588:Basic Laws
1535:Parliament
1511:Parliament
1489:Parliament
1474:Government
1459:Parliament
1428:(de jure)
1399:(de jure)
1232:Korean War
1169:Procedures
985:Azerbaijan
524:Ogaden War
512:Mauritania
498:June 1967
242:Thucydides
212:, and the
193:In modern
101:privateers
70:speech act
3028:9 October
2955:1151-2385
2868:9 October
2668:9 October
2662:Ukrinform
2642:9 October
2616:9 October
2590:9 October
2564:9 October
2534:. Faytuks
2505:. Haaretz
2487:9 October
2118:143983917
2110:0963-6412
2068:239546101
2060:0963-6412
1872:Congress
1824:President
1712:President
1635:President
1558:President
1448:President
1417:President
1363:President
1334:Australia
1283:sovereign
1220:combatant
1200:Article 2
1191:Article 1
1117:Hezbollah
952:Ambazonia
378:(1967–70)
360:(1948–49)
349:Opponent
228:, so the
89:sovereign
43:President
3323:Archived
3265:27 March
3231:27 March
3078:3 August
2994:Archived
2914:28 March
2889:27 March
2812:cite web
2637:Politico
2381:BBC News
2363:BBC News
2346:BBC News
2295:62698476
1990:21 April
1886:See also
1862:Congress
1844:Monarch
1747:Monarch
1698:Monarch
1646:Congress
1621:Monarch
1495:and the
1425:Congress
1397:Monarch
1374:Congress
1316:Country
1273:Legality
1259:Gulf War
1226:invaded
939:Cameroon
807:Djibouti
717:Ethiopia
586:Tanzania
555:Ethiopia
269:chivalry
199:treaties
176:Imperial
3281:Pub. L.
3023:mea.gov
1837:Monarch
1786:Cabinet
1760:Monarch
1737:Monarch
1688:Monarch
1611:Monarch
1598:Knesset
1530:Hungary
1506:Germany
1443:Finland
1390:Monarch
1178:Powers.
1044:Morocco
998:Armenia
851:Georgia
820:Eritrea
730:Eritrea
543:Somalia
495:(1967)
481:Lebanon
332:Titled
326:War(s)
254:Plataea
246:Thebans
172:Fetials
139:History
3287:
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3103:. 2018
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2770:3 July
2744:1 July
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1707:Russia
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1606:Kuwait
1577:Israel
1497:Senate
1469:France
1385:Canada
1358:Brazil
1267:Kuwait
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384:(1973)
372:(1967)
366:(1956)
338:Ended
258:Athens
250:Sparta
222:France
166:. The
78:states
3292:(PDF)
3097:(PDF)
3019:(PDF)
2972:(PDF)
2796:(PDF)
2789:(PDF)
2114:S2CID
2064:S2CID
1980:(PDF)
1924:Notes
1875:See:
1847:See:
1841:None
1755:Spain
1683:Qatar
1553:India
1412:China
1402:See:
1394:None
1089:Hamas
895:Sudan
776:Sudan
516:1991
458:Syria
404:Egypt
329:Date
218:Paris
178:era.
95:or a
62:state
3267:2015
3254:ISBN
3233:2015
3109:2021
3080:2016
3030:2023
3002:2023
2951:ISSN
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2891:2015
2870:2023
2844:2012
2818:link
2804:2015
2772:2007
2746:2015
2725:2015
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2644:2023
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