2440:
with an economic and social organization that gives the society precise organic characteristics, with one (or multiple) religious organizations, in justification of the power expressed by such a society and in support of the religious beliefs of individuals and accepted by society as a whole. Such a structural universe, evolves in a cyclical manner, presenting two different historical phases (a mercantile phase, or "open society", and a feudal phase or "closed society"), with characteristics so divergent that it can qualify as two different levels of civilization which, however, are never definitive, but that alternate cyclically, being able, each of the two different levels, to be considered progressive (in a partisan way, totally independent of the real value of well-being, degrees of freedom granted, equality realized and a concrete possibility to achieve further progress of the level of civilization), even by the most cultured fractions, educated and intellectually more equipped than the various societies, of both historical phases.
2676:
in: i) reforms to landownership laws with the objective of integrate more lands to the international economy, ii) increase in the taxation of peasants and little landowners, as well as collecting of these taxes in cash instead of in kind as was usual up to that moment and iii) the introduction of new and less costly modes of transportation, mainly railroads. As a result, the traditional forms of social control became obsolete, deteriorating the existing institutions and opening the way to the creation of new ones, that not necessarily lead these countries to build strong states. This fragmentation of the social order induced a political logic in which these states were captured to some extent by "strongmen", who were capable to take advantage of the above-mentioned changes and that challenge the sovereignty of the state. As a result, these decentralization of social control impedes to consolidate strong states.
949:
concerned with political identity and cultural or historical factors. Importantly, nations do not possess the organizational characteristics like geographic boundaries or authority figures and officials that states do. Additionally, a nation does not have a claim to a monopoly on the legitimate use of force over their populace, while a state does, as Weber indicated. An example of the instability that arises when a state does not have a monopoly on the use of force can be seen in
African states which remain weak due to the lack of war which European states relied on. A state should not be confused with a government; a government is an organization that has been granted the authority to act on the behalf of a state. Nor should a state be confused with a society; a society refers to all organized groups, movements, and individuals who are independent of the state and seek to remain out of its influence.
6043:: "State interference in social relations becomes, in one domain after another, superfluous, and then dies out of itself; the government of persons is replaced by the administration of things, and by the conduct of processes of production. The State is not "abolished". It dies out...Socialized production upon a predetermined plan becomes henceforth possible. The development of production makes the existence of different classes of society thenceforth an anachronism. In proportion as anarchy in social production vanishes, the political authority of the State dies out. Man, at last the master of his own form of social organization, becomes at the same time the lord over Nature, his own master – free."
2621:
authors like
Jeffrey Herbst add to this idea by arguing that state failure is the result of weak or non-existent institutions, which means that there is no state legitimacy because states are not able to provide goods or services, or maintain order and safety (Herbst, 1990). However, there are also ideas that challenge this notion of state failure. Stephen D. Krasner argues that state failure is not just the result of weak institutions, but rather a very complex phenomenon that varies according to context-specific circumstances, and should therefore not be analyzed through a simplistic understanding like the one normally presented (Krasner, 2004).
2630:
often experience political violence, authoritarian rules, and a number of human rights abuses (Rotberg, 2004). While there is great discussion regarding the direct effects of state failure, its indirect effects should also be highlighted: state failure could lead to refugee flows and cross-border conflicts, while also becoming safe havens for criminal or extremist groups (Corbridge, 2005). In order to solve and prevent these issues in the future, it is necessary to focus on building strong institutions, promoting economic diversification and development, and addressing the causes of violence in each state (Mkandawire, 2001).
1802:
2664:
limited international conflict that diminished the incentives to tax and increase military spending. Also, many of these states emerged from colonization in a state of poverty and with institutions designed to extract natural resources, which have made more difficult to form states. European colonization also defined many arbitrary borders that mixed different cultural groups under the same national identities, which has made difficult to build states with legitimacy among all the population, since some states have to compete for it with other forms of political identity.
2064:
1961:, the modern state is different from its predecessor polities in two main aspects: (1) Modern states have greater capacity to intervene in their societies, and (2) Modern states are buttressed by the principle of international legal sovereignty and the juridicial equivalence of states. The two features began to emerge in the Late Middle Ages but the modern state form took centuries to come firmly into fruition. Other aspects of modern states is that they tend to be organized as unified national polities, and that they have
2524:, Chapters XIII–XIV). Locke takes a more benign view of the state of nature and is unwilling to take as hard a stance on the degeneracy of the state of nature. He does agree that it is equally incapable of providing a high quality of life. Locke argues for inalienable human rights. One of the most significant rights for Locke was the right to property. He viewed it as a keystone right that was inadequately protected in the state of nature. Social contract theorists frequently argue for some level of
2488:
591:
2461:, suggest that state actors are to an important degree autonomous. In other words, state personnel have interests of their own, which they can and do pursue independently of (at times in conflict with) actors in society. Since the state controls the means of coercion, and given the dependence of many groups in civil society on the state for achieving any goals they may espouse, state personnel can to some extent impose their own preferences on civil society.
7756:
930:. According to Walter Scheidel, mainstream definitions of the state have the following in common: "centralized institutions that impose rules, and back them up by force, over a territorially circumscribed population; a distinction between the rulers and the ruled; and an element of autonomy, stability, and differentiation. These distinguish the state from less stable forms of organization, such as the exercise of chiefly power."
2330:
institutions, and not enough on the actual practices of government. In
Foucault's opinion, the state had no essence. He believed that instead of trying to understand the activities of governments by analyzing the properties of the state (a reified abstraction), political theorists should be examining changes in the practice of government to understand changes in the nature of the state. Foucault developed the concept of
2427:' position of the state is configured in such a way to ensure that the long-term interests of capital are always dominant. Poulantzas' main contribution to the Marxist literature on the state was the concept of 'relative autonomy' of the state. While Poulantzas' work on 'state autonomy' has served to sharpen and specify a great deal of Marxist literature on the state, his own framework came under criticism for its '
2299:. With power competitively arranged in society, state policy is a product of recurrent bargaining. Although pluralism recognizes the existence of inequality, it asserts that all groups have an opportunity to pressure the state. The pluralist approach suggests that the modern democratic state's actions are the result of pressures applied by a variety of organized interests. Dahl called this kind of state a
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this exercise the power of coercion over them. This kind of social organization required a decline in legitimacy of traditional forms of ruling (like religious authorities) and replaced them with an increase in the legitimacy of depersonalized rule; an increase in the central government's sovereignty; and an increase in the organizational complexity of the central government (
2528:. In order to protect their ability to exercise these rights, they are willing to give up some other rights to the state to allow it to establish governance. Social contract theory then bases government legitimacy on the consent of the governed, but such legitimacy only extends as far as the governed have consented. This line of reasoning figures prominently in
2651:
the increase of the production of food (as a result of productivity improvements), which allowed to sustain a larger population and so increased the complexity and centralization of states. Finally, cultural changes challenged the authority of monarchies and paved the way to the emergence of modern states.
2650:
The transition to this modern state was possible in Europe around 1600 thanks to the confluence of factors like the technological developments in warfare, which generated strong incentives to tax and consolidate central structures of governance to respond to external threats. This was complemented by
2591:, whereby legitimacy is derived from the belief that a certain group has been placed in power in a legal manner, and that their actions are justifiable according to a specific code of written laws. Weber believed that the modern state is characterized primarily by appeals to rational-legal authority.
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It can be considered as a single structural universe: the historical reality that takes shape in societies characterized by a codified or crystallized right, with a power organized hierarchically and justified by the law that gives it authority, with a well-defined social and economic stratification,
2151:
come to some of the same conclusions about the state apparatus as anarchists, but for different reasons. The two principles that anarcho-capitalists rely on most are consent and non-initiation. Consent in anarcho-capitalist theory requires that individuals explicitly assent to the jurisdiction of the
1450:
The earliest forms of the state emerged whenever it became possible to centralize power in a durable way. Agriculture and a settled population have been attributed as necessary conditions to form states. Certain types of agriculture are more conducive to state formation, such as grain (wheat, barley,
2620:
Samuels introduces the idea of state capacity, which he uses to refer to the ability of the state to fulfill its basic functions, such as providing security, maintaining law and order, and delivering public services. When a state does not accomplish this, state failure happens (Samuels, 2012). Other
1394:
bodies also change the boundaries of the state in relation to society. Often the nature of quasi-autonomous organizations is unclear, generating debate among political scientists on whether they are part of the state or civil society. Some political scientists thus prefer to speak of policy networks
1172:
One can commonly and sometimes readily (but not necessarily usefully) classify states according to their apparent make-up or focus. The concept of the nation-state, theoretically or ideally co-terminous with a "nation", became very popular by the 20th century in Europe, but occurred rarely elsewhere
5925:
The first beast comes up from the sea...It is given 'all authority and power over every tribe, every people, every tongue, and every nation' (13:7). All who dwell on earth worship it. Political power could hardly, I think, be more expressly described, for it is this power which has authority, which
2675:
contributed to the formation of weak states. The expansion of international trade that started around 1850, brought profound changes in Africa, Asia and Latin
America that were introduced with the objective of assure the availability of raw materials for the European market. These changes consisted
2306:
Pluralism has been challenged on the ground that it is not supported by empirical evidence. Citing surveys showing that the large majority of people in high leadership positions are members of the wealthy upper class, critics of pluralism claim that the state serves the interests of the upper class
1042:
on Rights and Duties of States in 1933. It provides that "he state as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states." And that "he federal
1027:
as a central function of the state, since these goods would otherwise be underprovided. Tilly has challenged narratives of the state as being the result of a societal contract or provision of services in a free market – he characterizes the state more akin as a protection racket in the vein of
2642:
compares the formation of
European states in the 1600s with the conditions under which more recent states were formed in the twentieth century. In this line of argument, the state allows a population to resolve a collective action problem, in which citizens recognize the authority of the state and
2387:
wasn't (the newly formed voting franchise) as is always painted by both political revolutionaries and political philosophers as a cry for political freedom or wanting to be accepted by the 'ruling elite', Foucault insists, but was a part of a skilled endeavour of switching over new technology such
2254:
argued that the ruling class uses the state as its instrument to dominate society by virtue of the interpersonal ties between state officials and economic elites. For
Miliband, the state is dominated by an elite that comes from the same background as the capitalist class. State officials therefore
1812:
Although state-forms existed before the rise of the
Ancient Greek empire, the Greeks were the first people known to have explicitly formulated a political philosophy of the state, and to have rationally analyzed political institutions. Prior to this, states were described and justified in terms of
1351:
take place." and that civil society was the nexus connecting the economic and political sphere. Arising out of the collective actions of civil society is what
Gramsci calls "political society", which Gramsci differentiates from the notion of the state as a polity. He stated that politics was not a
2629:
In "The
Problem of Failed States", Susan Rice argues that state failure is an important threat to global stability and security, since failed states are vulnerable to terrorism and conflict (Rice, 1994). Additionally, it is believed that state failure hinders democratic values, since these states
2341:
Foucault argues that it is technology that has created and made the state so elusive and successful, and that instead of looking at the state as something to be toppled we should look at the state as technological manifestation or system with many heads; Foucault argues instead of something to be
1018:
Liberal thought provides another possible teleology of the state. According to John Locke, the goal of the state or commonwealth is "the preservation of property" (Second
Treatise on Government), with 'property' in Locke's work referring not only to personal possessions but also to one's life and
964:
Tilly defines states as "coercion-wielding organisations that are distinct from households and kinship groups and exercise clear priority in some respects over all other organizations within substantial territories." Tilly includes city-states, theocracies and empires in his definition along with
2586:
Max Weber identified three main sources of political legitimacy in his works. The first, legitimacy based on traditional grounds is derived from a belief that things should be as they have been in the past, and that those who defend these traditions have a legitimate claim to power. The second,
2318:
believed that the base-superstructure framework, used by many Marxist theorists to describe the relation between the state and the economy, was overly simplistic. He felt that the modern state plays a large role in structuring the economy, by regulating economic activity and being a large-scale
1294:
that controls the state apparatus at a given time. That is, governments are the means through which state power is employed. States are served by a continuous succession of different governments. States are immaterial and nonphysical social objects, whereas governments are groups of people with
955:
The definition of a state is also dependent on how and why they form. The contractarian view of the state suggests that states form because people can all benefit from cooperation with others and that without a state there would be chaos. The contractarian view focuses more on the alignment and
948:
While defining a state, it is important not to confuse it with a nation; an error that occurs frequently in common discussion. A state refers to a political unit with sovereignty over a given territory. While a state is more of a "political-legal abstraction," the definition of a nation is more
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that started this process later. As a result, many of these states lack effective capabilities to tax and extract revenue from their citizens, which derives in problems like corruption, tax evasion and low economic growth. Unlike the European case, late state formation occurred in a context of
2329:
believed that modern political theory was too state-centric, saying "Maybe, after all, the state is no more than a composite reality and a mythologized abstraction, whose importance is a lot more limited than many of us think." He thought that political theory was focusing too much on abstract
2013:
Hendrik Spruyt distinguishes between three prominent categories of explanations for the emergence of the modern state as a dominant polity: (1) Security-based explanations that emphasize the role of warfare, (2) Economy-based explanations that emphasize trade, property rights and capitalism as
1683:
In the past, it was suggested that the centralized state was developed to administer large public works systems (such as irrigation systems) and to regulate complex economies. However, modern archaeological and anthropological evidence does not support this thesis, pointing to the existence of
2044:
as a given, and then concentrate on the function of states in capitalist society. These theories tend to see the state as a neutral entity separated from society and the economy. Marxist and anarchist theories on the other hand, see politics as intimately tied in with economic relations, and
4078:
The idea of Jerusalem as a temple state is an analogy to the temple states of Asia Minor and the Seleucid Empire, but it is an inappropriate analogy. Rostovtzeff referred to Judea as a sort of temple state, notwithstanding his own definition that stipulates ownership of territory and state
2402:
readily available from the past medieval period, into mass persuasion for the future industrial 'political' population (deception over the population) in which the political population was now asked to insist upon itself "the president must be elected". Where these political symbol agents,
2160:
which destroys any concept of government monopoly on force. Coercive monopolies are excluded by the non-initiation of force principle because they must use force in order to prevent others from offering the same service that they do. Anarcho-capitalists start from the belief that replacing
2021:
and Vivek Swaroop Sharma, the "neo-Darwinian" framework for the emergence of sovereign states is the dominant explanation in the scholarship. The neo-Darwininian framework emphasizes how the modern state emerged as the dominant organizational form through natural selection and competition.
965:
nation-states, but excludes tribes, lineages, firms and churches. According to Tilly, states can be seen in the archaeological record as of 6000 BC; in Europe they appeared around 990, but became particularly prominent after 1490. Tilly defines a state's "essential minimal activities" as:
2568:), not just to the people understood collectively. Both Hobbes and Bodin thought they were defending the power of kings, not advocating for democracy, but their arguments about the nature of sovereignty were fiercely resisted by more traditional defenders of the power of kings, such as
2111:. Unlike Marxists, anarchists believe that revolutionary seizure of state power should not be a political goal. They believe instead that the state apparatus should be completely dismantled, and an alternative set of social relations created, which are not based on state power at all.
1885:
sometimes evolved in the direction of fully-fledged parliaments, but sometimes lost out in their struggles with the monarch, leading to greater centralization of lawmaking and military power in his hands. Beginning in the 15th century, this centralizing process gives rise to the
1547:
Since the late 19th century, virtually the entirety of the world's inhabitable land has been parcelled up into areas with more or less definite borders claimed by various states. Earlier, quite large land areas had been either unclaimed or uninhabited, or inhabited by
5511:
960:
goes so far to say that states "resemble a form of organized crime and should be viewed as extortion rackets." He argued that the state sells protection from itself and raises the question about why people should trust a state when they cannot trust one another.
868:" – noble, common, and clerical), and in particular the special status of the king. The highest estates, generally those with the most wealth and social rank, were those that held power. The word also had associations with Roman ideas (dating back to
2290:
view society as a collection of individuals and groups, who are competing for political power. They then view the state as a neutral body that simply enacts the will of whichever groups dominate the electoral process. Within the pluralist tradition,
1381:
Given the role that many social groups have in the development of public policy and the extensive connections between state bureaucracies and other institutions, it has become increasingly difficult to identify the boundaries of the state.
3260:
2563:
by arguing that the power of kings should be justified by reference to the people. Hobbes in particular went further to argue that political power should be justified with reference to the individual (Hobbes wrote in the time of the
1019:
liberty. On this account, the state provides the basis for social cohesion and productivity, creating incentives for wealth-creation by providing guarantees of protection for one's life, liberty and personal property. Provision of
1046:
Confounding the definition problem is that "state" and "government" are often used as synonyms in common conversation and even some academic discourse. According to this definition schema, the states are nonphysical persons of
2546:
The rise of the modern day state system was closely related to changes in political thought, especially concerning the changing understanding of legitimate state power and control. Early modern defenders of absolutism
2350:
understanding of the state. Every single scientific technological advance has come to the service of the state Foucault argues and it is with the emergence of the Mathematical sciences and essentially the formation of
2215:
is generally antithetical to groups considering themselves Marxist but who – not having conquered the existing state power(s) – are not in the situation of supplying the institutional form of an actual society. To the
1621:
live in 'stateless societies', as though their social lives were somehow lacking or unfinished, waiting to be completed by the evolutionary development of a state apparatus. Rather, the principal of their socialty, as
2014:
drivers behind state formation, and (3) Institutionalist theories that sees the state as an organizational form that is better able to resolve conflict and cooperation problems than competing political organizations.
1298:
Each successive government is composed of a specialized and privileged body of individuals, who monopolize political decision-making, and are separated by status and organization from the population as a whole.
1352:"one-way process of political management" but, rather, that the activities of civil organizations conditioned the activities of political parties and state institutions, and were conditioned by them in turn.
2767:)."; Definition 16 (noun): "of or pertaining to the central civil government or authority.". -Webster's New Universal Unabridged Dictionary, Random House/Barnes and Noble, ISBN 9780760702888, pp. 1860-1861.
2422:
theorist argued that capitalist states do not always act on behalf of the ruling class, and when they do, it is not necessarily the case because state officials consciously strive to do so, but because the
879:", the "condition of public matters". In time, the word lost its reference to particular social groups and became associated with the legal order of the entire society and the apparatus of its enforcement.
4881:
1973:
1346:
believed that civil society is the primary locus of political activity because it is where all forms of "identity formation, ideological struggle, the activities of intellectuals, and the construction of
3956:
It has been thought necessary to quote the Lytton Report at such length since it is probably the fullest and most exhaustive description of an allegedly independent, by 'actually' dependent, i.e. Puppet
956:
conflict of interests between individuals in a state. On the other hand, the predatory view of the state focuses on the potential mismatch between the interests of the people and interests of the state.
5372:
Turchin, Peter; Whitehouse, Harvey; Gavrilets, Sergey; Hoyer, Daniel; François, Pieter; Bennett, James S.; Feeney, Kevin C.; Peregrine, Peter; Feinman, Gary; Korotayev, Andrey; Kradin, Nikolay (2022).
1108:, the modern state was differentiated from "leagues of independent cities, empires, federations held together by loose central control, and theocratic federations" by four characteristics:
952:
Neuberger offers a slightly different definition of the state with respect to the nation: the state is "a primordial, essential, and permanent expression of the genius of a specific ."
945:
within a certain territory. Weber writes that the state "is a human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory."
2323:
activities. Because of the way these activities structure the economic framework, Habermas felt that the state cannot be looked at as passively responding to economic class interests.
1680:. The ruling classes began to differentiate themselves through forms of architecture and other cultural practices that were different from those of the subordinate laboring classes.
1877:
The formalization of the struggles over taxation between the monarch and other elements of society (especially the nobility and the cities) gave rise to what is now called the
1236:, once a relatively common and often successful form of polity, have become rarer and comparatively less prominent in modern times. Modern-day independent city-states include
1093:
Empires had a "compound of diverse groups and territorial units with asymmetric links with the center" whereas a state had "supreme authority over a territory and population"
2107:
Anarchists believe that the state is inherently an instrument of domination and repression, no matter who is in control of it. Anarchists note that the state possesses the
2617:
have explored the emergence of weak states, how they are different from Western "strong" states and its consequences to the economic development of developing countries.
1572:" which do not hold de facto control over all of their claimed territory or where this control is challenged. Currently the international community comprises around 200
788:
that "do not have either purely or even primarily political institutions or roles". The degree and extent of governance of a state is used to determine whether it has
1920:
Cultural and national homogenization figured prominently in the rise of the modern state system. Since the absolutist period, states have largely been organized on a
926:
on the definition of the state. The term "state" refers to a set of different, but interrelated and often overlapping, theories about a certain range of political
2954:
2235:
relations in society in general, acting as a regulator and repressor of class struggle, and as a tool of political power and domination for the ruling class. The
1954:(Dublin 1729 - Beaconsfield 1797), "a state without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation" (Reflections on the Revolution in France).
2005:
and settled populations as necessary conditions. Some argue that climate change led to a greater concentration of human populations around dwindling waterways.
1525:
have existed without any full-time specialized state organization, and these "stateless" forms of political organization have in fact prevailed for all of the
1368:
are part of an "ideological state apparatus" which complements the "repressive state apparatus" (such as police and military) in reproducing social relations.
2040:
Most political theories of the state can roughly be classified into two categories. The first are known as "liberal" or "conservative" theories, which treat
4235:
687:, except being under their federation and without the same capacity to act internationally. (Other terms that are used in such federal systems may include "
4079:
organization. Hengel also claims that Judea was a temple state, ignoring his own evidence that the Ptolemies hardly would have tolerated such a situation.
2510:
Various social contract theories have been proffered to establish state legitimacy and to explain state formation. Common elements in these theories are a
1943:
Charles Tilly argues that the number of total states in Western Europe declined rapidly from the Late Middle Ages to Early Modern Era during a process of
2454:
State autonomy theorists believe that the state is an entity that is impervious to external social and economic influence, and has interests of its own.
2220:, there is no single "Marxist theory of state", but rather several different purportedly "Marxist" theories have been developed by adherents of Marxism.
1668:
of plants and animals, and larger family sizes. It also provided the basis for an external centralized state. By producing a large surplus of food, more
1181:
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was not a historical accident but a deliberate production in which the modern state had to now manage coincidentally with the emerging practice of the
9821:
5270:
1881:, or the state of Estates, characterized by parliaments in which key social groups negotiated with the king about legal and economic matters. These
1015:
Modern academic definitions of the state frequently include the criterion that a state has to be recognized as such by the international community.
3834:
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that one gets an understanding of the complex technology of producing how the modern state was so successfully created. Foucault insists that the
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1051:, governments are organizations of people. The relationship between a government and its state is one of representation and authorized agency.
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legitimacy based on charismatic leadership, is devotion to a leader or group that is viewed as exceptionally heroic or virtuous. The third is
2178:
that any and all government functions could better be fulfilled by private actors including: defense, infrastructure, and legal adjudication.
1657:, the formation of sedentary societies and fixed settlements, increasing population densities, and the use of pottery and more complex tools.
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of people who did not have to spend most of their time providing for their own subsistence, and writing (or an equivalent of writing, like
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2609:'s words "...a failed state occurs when sovereignty over claimed territory has collapsed or was never effectively at all". Authors like
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1470:) because it made possible the centralization of vital information. Bureaucratization made expansion over large territories possible.
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Robinson, Edward Heath (August 2013). "The Distinction Between State and Government: The Distinction Between State and Government".
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1268:, the creation of a new city-state (sovereign or federated), continues to be discussed in the early 21st century in cities such as
2211:, and address past or then extant state forms from an analytical and tactical viewpoint, but not future social forms, speculation
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892:) played a central role in popularizing the use of the word "state" in something similar to its modern sense. The contrasting of
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was realized, which enabled people to specialize in tasks other than food production. Early states were characterized by highly
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Hechter, Michael; Brustein, William (1980). "Regional Modes of Production and Patterns of State Formation in Western Europe".
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of state, and considers the way in which an individual's understanding of governance can influence the function of the state.
1232:. The concept of temple states centred on religious shrines occurs in some discussions of the ancient world. Relatively small
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For Marxist theorists, the role of the modern bourgeois state is determined by its function in the global capitalist order.
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Zaleski, Pawel (2008). "Tocqueville on Civilian Society: A Romantic Vision of the Dichotomic Structure of Social Reality".
1395:
and decentralized governance in modern societies rather than of state bureaucracies and direct state control over policy.
9668:
9578:
5172:
2639:
2610:
2606:
1988:" – the notion that bounded, unitary states interact with equivalent states – "has more to do with 1948 than 1648."
1012:
Importantly, Tilly makes the case that war is an essential part of state-making; that wars create states and vice versa.
733:
Over time, a variety of forms of states developed, which used many different justifications for their existence (such as
9693:
4427:"Gramsci and international relations: a general perspective with examples from recent US policy towards the Third World"
2753:
Definition 7 (noun): "a politically unified people occupying a definite territory; nation."; Definition 10 (noun): "the
7968:
7725:
3088:
2295:
developed the theory of the state as a neutral arena for contending interests or its agencies as simply another set of
1225:
5498:
Poggi, G. 1978. The Development of the Modern State: A Sociological Introduction. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
7198:
7110:
7003:
6917:
6894:
6180:
5952:
5914:
5801:
5523:
4893:
3976:
3657:
Strang, David (1991). "Anomaly and commonplace in European political expansion: realist and institutional accounts".
3177:
2972:
Patrick, Stewart (10 December 2007). "'Failed' States and Global Security: Empirical Questions and Policy Dilemmas".
487:
1115:
The modern state achieved unprecedented control over social, economic, and cultural activities within its boundaries
9638:
8088:
2685:
1415:
836:, "to stand", or remain or be permanent, thus providing the sacred or magical connotation of the political entity.
93:
8594:
8445:
4232:
2858:
Wimmer, Andreas; Feinstein, Yuval (October 2010). "The Rise of the Nation-State across the World, 1816 to 2001".
2525:
2067:
9795:
9648:
8534:
6993:
3751:
3409:
2265:
theories of state emphasized that the state is only one of the institutions in society that helps maintain the
1540:
The primary competing organizational forms to the state were religious organizations (such as the Church), and
612:
482:
260:
108:
9835:
9708:
8930:
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7381:
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2403:
represented by the pope and the president are now democratised. Foucault calls these new forms of technology
2187:
1829:
727:
497:
9856:
9733:
9728:
9422:
8460:
8093:
7799:
5879:
2287:
2217:
2071:
1981:
1290:. The state is the organization while the government is the particular group of people, the administrative
1133:
if they are not dependent on, or subject to any other power or state. Other states are subject to external
246:
78:
49:
1459:
are almost everywhere associated with this process: agriculture because it allowed for the emergence of a
9748:
9743:
9528:
4737:
2398:
2208:
550:
8413:
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4814:
1874:
became central to social organization. Feudalism led to the development of greater social hierarchies.
1644:
1060:
83:
54:
8730:
6359:
Michel Foucault and power today: international multidisciplinary studies in the history of the present
6024:
2161:
monopolistic states with competitive providers is necessary from a normative, justice-based scenario.
2049:. They see the state as a partisan instrument that primarily serves the interests of the upper class.
1059:
Charles Tilly distinguished between empires, theocracies, city-states and nation-states. According to
864:
in 14th-century Europe, the term came to refer to the legal standing of persons (such as the various "
8777:
8720:
8305:
7389:
Green, Penny & Ward, Tony (2009). "Violence and the State". In Coleman, Roy; et al. (eds.).
6532:
Giano Rocca "The Faces of Belial – The Scientific Method Applied to Human Condition – Book V" (2020)
1705:
1701:
1096:
Empires had multi-level, overlapping jurisdictions whereas a state sought monopoly and homogenization
605:
210:
1653:
period, human societies underwent major cultural and economic changes, including the development of
9618:
6866:
Strong societies and weak states: state-society relations and state capabilities in the Third World
6851:
Strong societies and weak states: state-society relations and state capabilities in the Third World
3780:
3767:
2705:
2588:
2581:
2428:
2256:
1962:
843:
in the generic sense "condition, circumstances" predates the political sense. It was introduced to
325:
215:
1173:
or at other times. In contrast, some states have sought to make a virtue of their multi-ethnic or
9871:
9598:
9518:
8935:
8524:
8435:
7792:
5613:
5374:"Disentangling the evolutionary drivers of social complexity: A comprehensive test of hypotheses"
2700:
2519:
2497:
2352:
2224:
2165:
2082:
1985:
1486:
1020:
780:, although other definitions are common. Absence of a state does not preclude the existence of a
664:
255:
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7398:
4304:
2572:
in England, who thought that such defenses ultimately opened the way to more democratic claims.
1801:
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7014:
6039:
4542:
4118:
3167:
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2335:
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2127:
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which considers the state and hierarchies to be unnecessary and harmful and instead promotes a
1249:
1008:– "control of the creation and transformation of goods and services produced by the population"
762:
754:
492:
434:
380:
20:
8792:
7587:
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6949:
6786:
6755:
6720:
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6420:
6259:
6133:
6094:
5818:
5342:
5199:
5054:
5021:
4988:
4486:
4426:
4362:
4329:
4167:
4122:
3105:
3080:
2999:
2659:
The conditions that enabled the emergence of modern states in Europe were different for other
1031:
While economic and political philosophers have contested the monopolistic tendency of states,
9079:
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8440:
7522:
7308:
7209:
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6298:
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6152:
6065:
5904:
5479:
5457:
5437:
5309:
5232:
5139:
5106:
5086:
4514:
4459:
4395:
4199:
3873:
3392:
3229:
3198:
3049:
3034:
3011:
2935:
2672:
2560:
2541:
2241:
claims the state to be nothing more than "a committee for managing the common affairs of the
1968:
Sovereign equality did not become fully global until after World War II amid decolonization.
1673:
1193:
1039:
734:
707:
312:
145:
8895:
7241:
6387:
6354:
6294:
6228:
5849:
5663:
5646:
5233:"The emergence of stratification, states, and multi-power-actor civilization in Mesopotamia"
3136:
706:. The earliest forms of states arose about 5,500 years ago. Over time societies became more
9588:
9468:
9237:
9044:
8885:
8812:
8504:
8465:
8450:
7984:
7892:
7827:
5385:
4709:
Allen, Robert C (April 1997). "Agriculture and the Origins of the State in Ancient Egypt".
4659:
4126:
2814:
2449:
2393:
2115:
2108:
2093:
1882:
1494:
1126:
1118:
The modern state established ruling institutions that were separate from other institutions
865:
777:
422:
293:
283:
268:
195:
113:
9059:
5237:
The sources of social power: A history of power from the beginning to A. D. 1760, Volume 1
2063:
8:
9778:
9658:
9628:
9548:
9074:
9014:
8335:
8255:
6644:
4146:
4142:
4090:
3421:
2725:
2270:
2237:
2204:
1817:
1780:
1730:
1595:
1589:
1269:
1174:
1105:
805:
703:
534:
444:
298:
200:
150:
88:
8822:
5699:
5389:
4663:
3728:
2818:
1976:
that the international legal context for popular sovereignty was instituted. Historians
9790:
9785:
9768:
9763:
9232:
8740:
8677:
7847:
7674:
7391:
7164:
6701:
6007:
5736:
5668:
5594:
5537:
5419:
5406:
5373:
5290:
4937:
4910:
4837:
4795:
4691:
4675:
4632:
4624:
4535:
4297:
4277:
4269:
4150:
4138:
4110:
3922:
3914:
3716:
3674:
3623:
3604:
3536:
3501:
3461:
3357:
3349:
2875:
2835:
2802:
2690:
2389:
2207:", replaced only by "administration of things". Their views are found throughout their
2144:
2139:
1844:
form of government that was to have a long afterlife in political thought and history.
1837:
1792:
1565:
1556:. However, even within present-day states there are vast areas of wilderness, like the
1166:
923:
572:
165:
9222:
5344:
Myths of the archaic state: evolution of the earliest cities, states and civilizations
3044:. Recognized as apocryphal in the early 19th century. Jean Etienne François Marignié,
2671:
gives a historical account on how sudden social changes in the Third World during the
2434:
2315:
2104:, a self-managed, self-governed society based on voluntary, cooperative institutions.
1932:
homogeneous societies there is not always a complete correspondence between state and
1371:
1212:. Other states may bring ideas of commonality and inclusiveness to the fore: note the
692:
9753:
9698:
9538:
9327:
8989:
8915:
8890:
8692:
8494:
7932:
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7721:
7702:
7681:
7658:
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7595:
7572:
7551:
7530:
7507:
7486:
7465:
7444:
7423:
7402:
7373:
7358:
7337:
7316:
7293:
7272:
7249:
7217:
7194:
7171:
7148:
7127:
7106:
7085:
7064:
7043:
7022:
6999:
6995:
The Return of the State: And Why It Is Essential For Our Health, Wealth and Happiness
6978:
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6362:
6329:
6302:
6265:
6234:
6203:
6176:
6100:
5948:
5910:
5855:
5824:
5797:
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5726:
5672:
5553:
5543:
5519:
5463:
5423:
5411:
5348:
5317:
5294:
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5240:
5207:
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5147:
5114:
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5029:
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4967:
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4841:
4683:
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4614:
4573:
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4434:
4401:
4370:
4337:
4308:
4281:
4175:
4134:
4102:
4055:
4027:
4010:
such a community forming part of a federal republic, esp the United States of America
3972:
3945:
3926:
3877:
3840:
3747:
3724:
3678:
3639:
3629:
3608:
3594:
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3542:
3517:
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3477:
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3235:
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2565:
2548:
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1553:
1502:
1209:
1178:
1048:
897:
567:
241:
103:
98:
59:
32:
8807:
5598:
5459:
People/states/territories: the political geographies of British state transformation
4799:
4695:
3046:
The king can do no wrong: Le roi ne peut jamais avoit tort, le roi ne peut mal faire
2879:
1451:
millet), because they are suited to concentrated production, taxation, and storage.
1321:
refers to a situation where a single ethnicity is associated with a specific state.
9758:
9688:
9458:
9377:
9372:
9297:
9272:
9217:
9207:
9197:
9167:
9147:
9137:
9004:
8999:
8957:
8900:
8697:
8380:
8375:
8350:
8295:
8270:
7832:
7676:
Seeing like a state: how certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed
7098:
6697:
6693:
5984:
5980:
5789:
5718:
5695:
5658:
5584:
5401:
5393:
5282:
4932:
4922:
4829:
4787:
4760:
4752:
4718:
4667:
4606:
4261:
4130:
3906:
3869:
3802:
3666:
3586:
3578:
3341:
3076:
2981:
2867:
2830:
2822:
2763:
2415:
2262:
2196:
2174:
2018:
1841:
1618:
1573:
1357:
1329:
In the classical thought, the state was identified with both political society and
1205:
893:
723:
517:
273:
127:
9362:
1121:
The ruler of the modern state was far better at monopolizing the means of violence
730:, with centralisation often spurred on by insecurity and territorial competition.
9815:
9488:
9407:
9367:
9337:
9322:
9287:
9282:
9252:
9227:
9212:
9187:
9172:
9107:
9084:
9069:
9054:
9039:
8910:
8865:
8850:
8840:
8662:
8657:
8514:
8509:
8489:
8477:
7927:
7696:
7652:
7631:
7610:
7566:
7545:
7501:
7480:
7459:
7438:
7417:
7352:
7331:
7287:
7142:
7121:
7100:
7079:
7058:
7037:
6972:
6928:
6884:
6632:
6613:
6594:
6159:
6140:
6072:
6034:
5755:
5515:
5486:
5444:
5093:
4961:
4671:
4567:
4521:
4239:
4206:
4049:
4006:
an organized political community under one government; a commonwealth; a nation.
3582:
3396:
3056:
3041:
3018:
2942:
2758:
2511:
2505:
2331:
2326:
2273:
of the institutions of civil society, such as churches, schools, and mass media.
2172:
can better provide the services provided by the state. Murray Rothbard argues in
2148:
2123:
2046:
1944:
1718:
1661:
1623:
1603:
1510:
1439:
1434:
1419:
1404:
1387:
1353:
1343:
1265:
1162:
1142:
1130:
1101:
1090:
Empires lacked fixed or permanent boundaries whereas a state had fixed boundaries
746:
738:
684:
676:
595:
577:
402:
387:
5926:
controls military force, and which compels adoration (i.e., absolute obedience).
5204:
Cambridge history of the Native peoples of the Americas: South America, Volume 3
5059:
Sustainability or collapse?: an integrated history and future of people on earth
2231:, and working against the public interest. He also wrote that the state mirrors
1676:
societies, with a privileged and wealthy ruling class that was subordinate to a
9805:
9713:
9703:
9432:
9307:
9292:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9202:
9177:
9132:
9112:
8974:
8945:
8920:
8875:
8855:
8817:
8772:
8652:
8642:
8499:
8330:
6722:
The end of the world as we know it: social science for the twenty-first century
5686:
Thomas, George M.; Meyer, John W. (August 1984). "The Expansion of the State".
5055:"The Lie of History: Nation-States and the Contradictions of Complex Societies"
4537:
Reading Freire and Habermas: critical pedagogy and transformative social change
4114:
4106:
2668:
2614:
2296:
2251:
1958:
1821:
1796:
1617:
It is not enough to observe, in a now rather dated anthropological idiom, that
1577:
1514:
1429:
1220:
1002:– "intervention in the allocation of goods among the members of the population"
907:
844:
719:
715:
392:
346:
288:
6533:
5793:
5589:
5572:
5557:
4833:
4791:
4756:
4265:
3670:
3643:
3556:
3521:
3481:
2518:
described the state of nature as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short" (
1598:, characterized by a lack of concentrated authority, and the absence of large
9850:
9738:
9568:
9478:
9427:
9397:
9387:
9317:
9312:
9302:
9162:
9152:
9142:
9117:
8984:
8962:
8880:
8787:
8760:
8745:
8687:
8370:
7942:
7857:
6471:
5900:
3388:
3318:
2871:
2552:
2515:
2492:
2487:
2458:
2424:
2380:
2320:
2169:
2119:
1974:
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
1969:
1915:
1911:
1862:
During Medieval times in Europe, the state was organized on the principle of
1806:
1697:
1665:
1541:
1530:
1482:
1424:
1410:
1383:
1375:
1333:
as a form of political community, while the modern thought distinguished the
1330:
1158:
1146:
1080:
1032:
957:
785:
668:
397:
375:
350:
180:
7166:
The art of not being governed: an anarchist history of upland Southeast Asia
5998:
Block, Walter (2005). "Ayn Rand and Austrian Economics: Two Peas in a Pod".
5174:
The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution
4927:
4628:
1112:
The modern state sought and achieved territorial expansion and consolidation
9718:
9402:
9392:
9382:
9247:
9242:
9182:
9157:
9127:
9122:
9029:
9024:
8870:
8750:
8484:
8420:
8290:
8280:
8275:
8194:
8184:
8128:
8018:
7912:
7902:
7887:
7852:
5740:
5415:
5397:
5200:"The Maritime, Highland, Forest Dynamic and the Origins of Complex Culture"
4946:
4722:
4687:
4532:
4163:
4098:
3072:
The Oxford Handbook of the State in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean
2844:
2754:
2710:
2600:
2356:
2232:
2035:
1977:
1951:
1925:
1903:
1825:
1749:
1714:
1569:
1534:
1460:
1334:
1318:
1308:
1237:
1185:
1150:
789:
742:
160:
7760:
7523:"Redesigning the State, Reorienting State Power, and Rethinking the State"
7440:
States of imagination: ethnographic explorations of the postcolonial state
6226:
4778:
Ahmed, Ali T.; Stasavage, David (May 2020). "Origins of Early Democracy".
4172:
The Blackwell dictionary of political science: a user's guide to its terms
2884:
This global outcome—the almost universal adoption of the nation-state form
1038:
Another commonly accepted definition of the state is the one given at the
9417:
9412:
9347:
9342:
9192:
9064:
9019:
9009:
8802:
8797:
8735:
8672:
8455:
8430:
8355:
8315:
8285:
8260:
8240:
8219:
8199:
8179:
8169:
8138:
8003:
7897:
7588:"The Autonomous Power of the State: Its Origins, Mechanisms, and Results"
5784:
Gorski, Philip; Sharma, Vivek Swaroop (2017). "Beyond the Tilly Thesis".
4610:
3590:
3573:
Tilly, Charles (1985). "War Making and State Making as Organized Crime".
2715:
2644:
2419:
2408:
2369:
2292:
2243:
2031:
1937:
1907:
1899:
1857:
1757:
1710:
1693:
1654:
1522:
1490:
1478:
1452:
1337:
as a political society from civil society as a form of economic society.
1291:
1214:
1134:
938:
883:
875:
750:
711:
675:; in the latter type, the term "state" is sometimes used to refer to the
464:
429:
332:
320:
185:
6011:
5722:
4888:. Vol. II: The Nation-State and Violence. Cambridge: Polity Press.
4273:
3720:
2826:
1924:
basis. The concept of a national state, however, is not synonymous with
1684:
several non-stratified and politically decentralized complex societies.
1317:", where "nation" refers to a cultural-political community of people. A
1043:
state shall constitute a sole person in the eyes of international law."
996:– "authoritative settlement of disputes among members of the population"
656:
is considered to form the fundamental apparatus of contemporary states.
590:
9800:
9608:
9508:
9357:
9277:
9049:
8940:
8782:
8725:
8702:
8667:
8616:
8606:
8574:
8519:
8345:
8325:
8250:
8214:
8118:
8103:
8028:
7953:
7922:
7872:
7842:
4738:"Transition to agriculture and first state presence: A global analysis"
4679:
3918:
3806:
3707:
Holcombe, Randall G. (2004). "Government: Unnecessary but Inevitable".
3353:
2556:
2364:
2041:
1610:
1526:
1498:
1391:
1340:
Thus in the modern thought the state is contrasted with civil society.
1287:
1281:
1233:
1165:
in that they have transferred a portion of their sovereign powers to a
1154:
1024:
978:– "eliminating or neutralizing their rivals inside their own territory"
888:
854:
699:
680:
672:
653:
645:
554:
544:
539:
278:
140:
7060:
Ideology, legitimacy and the new state: Yugoslavia, Serbia and Croatia
7019:
Routledge Encyclopedia of International Political Economy: Entries P-Z
5271:"State-in-Society 2.0: Toward Fourth-Generation Theories of the State"
4764:
4367:
Routledge Encyclopedia of International Political Economy: Entries P–Z
3435:
Clark, William Roberts; Golder, Matt; Golder, Sona Nadenichek (2018).
1248:. Other city-states survive as federated states, like the present day
937:
who describes the state as a compulsory political organization with a
914:, although probably apocryphal, is recorded in the late 18th century.
9498:
9437:
8994:
8637:
8564:
8549:
8470:
8390:
8385:
8310:
8265:
8245:
8224:
8209:
8189:
8174:
8038:
7998:
3138:
Controlling the State: Constitutionalism from Ancient Athens to Today
2384:
2347:
2300:
2282:
2192:
2157:
2089:
2058:
1863:
1853:
1783:
in the use of bronze weaponry, which facilitated the rise of states.
1650:
1640:
1257:
1253:
1252:, or as otherwise autonomous entities with limited sovereignty, like
1245:
1189:
934:
927:
911:
861:
769:
649:
439:
337:
220:
175:
155:
6684:
Stephen Cox (2013). "Rand, Paterson, and the Problem of Anarchism".
5647:"The Origins, Development, and Possible Decline of the Modern State"
5489:
where Jones discusses problems with common conceptions of feudalism.
4397:
Gramsci and contemporary politics: beyond pessimism of the intellect
3345:
9773:
9352:
9089:
8682:
8647:
8621:
8601:
8554:
8365:
8320:
8204:
8108:
8098:
8063:
8033:
7917:
7907:
7837:
4650:
Carneiro, Robert L. (1970). "A Theory of the Origin of the State".
4094:
3910:
3375:
Neuberger, Benyamin (1977). "State and Nation in African Thought".
3107:
Human Evolution and the Origins of Hierarchies: The State of Nature
2803:"Organizational complexity and demographic scale in primary states"
2514:
that incentivizes people to seek out the establishment of a state.
2457:"New institutionalist" writings on the state, such as the works of
2435:
Structural universe of the state or structural reality of the state
2404:
2266:
1765:
1746:
1348:
1229:
1197:
1138:
688:
637:
562:
522:
205:
190:
170:
39:
7629:
7436:
6123:
Miliband, Ralph. 1983. Class power and state power. London: Verso.
2307:
rather than equitably serving the interests of all social groups.
2223:
Marx's early writings portrayed the bourgeois state as parasitic,
1141:
where ultimate sovereignty lies in another state. Many states are
990:– "acquiring the means of carrying out the first three activities"
9810:
9723:
8611:
8579:
8569:
8340:
8300:
8133:
8058:
8043:
8023:
7937:
7877:
7784:
7755:
7564:
5715:
Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination
5104:
3200:
People, power, and politics: an introduction to political science
2730:
2720:
2660:
2375:
2343:
2228:
2101:
1947:. Other research has disputed whether such a decline took place.
1761:
1738:
1677:
1518:
1456:
1201:
781:
660:
641:
477:
135:
7144:
Against the state: an introduction to anarchist political theory
7099:
Rueschemeyer, Dietrich; Skocpol, Theda; Evans, Peter B. (1985).
6908:
Democracy and Dictatorship: The Nature and Limits of State Power
1737:, ruling classes, community ties based on residency rather than
1161:
or confederations such as Switzerland.) Such states differ from
8559:
8360:
8148:
8123:
8113:
8083:
8068:
7867:
5371:
4424:
2695:
2360:
2002:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1871:
1833:
1722:
1378:
that was distinct from both the economic and political sphere.
1365:
1361:
1314:
1241:
1083:
distinguished between empires and states in the following way:
1035:
argues that the use of force naturally tends towards monopoly.
869:
773:
527:
469:
367:
6974:
Political Geography: World Economy, Nation-State, and Locality
6886:
Critical Theories of State: Marxist, Neo-Marxist, Post-Marxist
5757:
Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference
3694:
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
3031:
Betrachtungen ĂĽber Leopolds des Weisen Gesetzgebung in Toscana
2269:
of the ruling class, and that state power is bolstered by the
2259:
through a wide array of social, economic, and political ties.
768:
Definitions of a state are disputed. According to sociologist
745:
is the predominant form of state to which people are subject.
8589:
8078:
8013:
7882:
7862:
7650:
7568:
Anarchism/minarchism: is a government part of a free country?
7544:
Lefebvre, Henri (2009). Brenner, Neil; Elden, Stuart (eds.).
7527:
Handbook of Politics: State and Society in Global Perspective
6784:
6230:
Diversity in the power elite: how it happened, why it matters
5971:
Long, Roderick T. (1 December 2013). "Reply to Stephen Cox".
5614:"Définitions : État - Dictionnaire de français Larousse"
3942:
Identity and Continuity of States in Public International Law
1742:
1549:
1506:
1474:
1467:
1261:
7769:
4736:
Borcan, Oana; Olsson, Ola; Putterman, Louis (October 2021).
3422:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes"
2001:
Theories for the emergence of the earliest states emphasize
1936:, hence the active role often taken by the state to promote
1505:" forms of political organization of societies all over the
984:– "eliminating or neutralizing the enemies of their clients"
8584:
8008:
4533:
Morrow, Raymond Allen & Torres, Carlos Alberto (2002).
4431:
Gramsci, historical materialism and international relations
2383:) after deliberately being excluded for several millennia.
2319:
economic consumer/producer, and through its redistributive
1867:
1769:
1713:
is generally considered to be the location of the earliest
1464:
900:
were called "states" as early as the 1630s. The expression
824:
in German and Dutch) ultimately derive from the Latin word
7329:
6227:
Zweigenhaft, Richard L. & Domhoff, G. William (2006).
5851:
The political economy of the state: Québec, Canada, U.S.A.
5847:
4491:
The Routledge international handbook of critical education
3836:
States, War and Capitalism: Studies in Political Sociology
2407:
and form part of our political inheritance which he calls
1991:
1940:
through emphasis on shared symbols and national identity.
1501:
that states have almost completely displaced alternative "
8153:
8048:
7242:"The Miliband-Poulantzas Debate: An Intellectual History"
6970:
6551:
Global governance: critical concepts in political science
5884:
Christian Anarchism: A Political Commentary on the Gospel
4813:
Mayshar, Joram; Moav, Omer; Neeman, Zvika (August 2017).
3169:
Routledge Encyclopedia of International Political Economy
2443:
1753:
1560:, which are uninhabited or inhabited solely or mostly by
757:'s claim to have a state faces some practical limits via
6788:
The Max Weber dictionary: key words and central concepts
5019:
4603:
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4048:
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2605:
Some states are often labeled as "weak" or "failed". In
1313:
States can also be distinguished from the concept of a "
1188:), and have emphasised unifying characteristics such as
7503:
State theory: putting the Capitalist state in its place
7081:
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6325:
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6257:
4393:
4295:
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3332:
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1828:. The Greek city-states before the 4th century granted
7388:
7371:
4882:"The Traditional State: Domination and Military Power"
4024:
Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews
2255:
share the same interests as owners of capital and are
2164:
Anarcho-capitalists believe that the market values of
7654:
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6718:
6233:(2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 4.
4989:"On the social relations of the hunter-gatherer band"
4735:
3231:
War and genocide: organized killing in modern society
2479:
in order to maintain domination over their subjects.
2310:
1063:, the four persistent types of state activities are:
6538:
6051:
6049:
4991:. In Lee, Richard B.; Daly, Richard Heywood (eds.).
4963:
State Formation in Europe, 843–1789: A Divided World
1772:. Bronze metallurgy spread within Afro-Eurasia from
1576:, the vast majority of which are represented in the
972:– "eliminating or neutralizing their outside rivals"
7715:
7437:Hansen, Thomas Blom; Stepputat, Finn, eds. (2001).
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4911:"Territorial expansion and primary state formation"
4218:
4216:
4214:
3625:
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3538:
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3503:
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3463:
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2085:
perspective on statist/capitalist social structures
1768:civilization, and formed the first sets of written
7673:
7630:Poulantzas, Nicos & Camiller, Patrick (2000).
7608:
7390:
7163:
6905:
5878:
5197:
4534:
4296:
4054:. London: Routledge (published 2013). p. 32.
3969:The Australian National Dictionary: Fourth Edition
2367:) 'allowing' the population to now 'come in' into
2045:emphasize the relation between economic power and
1583:
7780:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). pp. 799–801.
7565:Long, Roderick T. & Machan, Tibor R. (2008).
7525:. In Leicht, Kevin T.; Jenkins, J. Craig (eds.).
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5936:
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5310:"Context and Authority in Early Mesopotamian Law"
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4812:
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3434:
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2475:States generally rely on a claim to some form of
2133:
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4336:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 291–293.
4327:
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1660:Sedentary agriculture led to the development of
1594:For most of human history, people have lived in
683:, and they may have some of the attributes of a
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7694:
7671:
7543:
7262:
7207:
7193:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–131.
7161:
6991:
6926:
6483:
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1473:The first known states were created in the
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1208:ones, promoted state-sanctioned notions of
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2667:As a complement of this argument,
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4354:
4321:
4288:
4225:
4192:
4156:
4084:
4040:
4015:
3890:
3853:
3826:
3813:
3786:
3773:
3760:
3735:
3700:
3685:
3650:
3615:
3528:
3428:
3414:
3403:
3368:
3325:
3252:
3234:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 59.
3221:
3190:
3128:
3097:
3062:
3023:
3004:
2992:
2947:
2559:undermined the doctrine of the
2414:Heavily influenced by Gramsci,
2203:in which the state would have "
1893:
1866:, and the relationship between
1847:
1584:Prehistoric stateless societies
1070:Military defence and aggression
804:and its cognates in some other
9796:Separation of church and state
9694:Collectivism and individualism
9649:The Origins of Totalitarianism
7701:. Cambridge University Press.
7357:. Cambridge University Press.
7105:. Cambridge University Press.
7039:Social theory: an introduction
7017:. In Jones, R.J. Barry (ed.).
6933:. Edinburgh University Press.
6719:Wallerstein, Immanuel (1999).
6698:10.5325/jaynrandstud.13.1.0003
6549:. In Sinclair, Timothy (ed.).
6361:. Lexington Books. p. 6.
5985:10.5325/jaynrandstud.13.2.0210
5239:. Cambridge University Press.
5140:"State Origins: A Reappraisal"
5111:Encyclopedia of social history
5109:. In Stearns, Peter N. (ed.).
4859:. Cambridge University Press.
4857:Political Order and Inequality
4365:. In Jones, R.J. Barry (ed.).
2851:
2794:
2782:
2770:
2747:
2625:The problem with state failure
2134:Anarcho-capitalist perspective
1735:unequal distribution of wealth
1568:). Also, there are so-called "
1023:is considered by some such as
483:Theories of political behavior
109:Political history of the world
16:Type of political organization
1:
9862:Political science terminology
9836:Category:Political philosophy
9709:Critique of political economy
7382:Institute of European History
7263:Bottomore, T.B., ed. (1991).
6727:University of Minnesota Press
6671:Second Treatise of Government
6645:"Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes"
6520:Security,Territory,Population
6505:Security,Territory,Population
6490:Security,Territory,Population
5880:Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre
5854:Black Rose Books. p. 8.
5820:The Politics of Postanarchism
5645:Spruyt, Hendrik (June 2002).
4254:Archiv fĂĽr Begriffsgeschichte
3944:. Library Droz. p. 178.
3899:American Journal of Sociology
3839:. Blackwell. pp. 14–15.
3541:. Blackwell. pp. 96–97.
2736:
2225:built upon the superstructure
2075:
1773:
1626:has put it, is fundamentally
1067:Maintenance of internal order
917:
847:
498:Critique of political economy
9734:Institutional discrimination
9729:History of political thought
8461:Negative and positive rights
7716:Zippelius, Reinhold (2010).
7657:. Rowman & Littlefield.
7482:Citizenship beyond the state
6757:Weberian Sociological Theory
4672:10.1126/science.169.3947.733
4330:"In search of civil society"
3971:, p. 1395. (2004) Canberra.
3583:10.1017/cbo9780511628283.008
2974:International Studies Review
2922:Cudworth et al., 2007: p. 95
2860:American Sociological Review
2465:Theories of state legitimacy
2276:
2072:Pyramid of Capitalist System
1963:rational-legal bureaucracies
1721:, meaning that it contained
1153:community forming part of a
1125:States may be classified by
941:government that maintains a
795:
79:Outline of political science
7:
9744:Justification for the state
9529:Two Treatises of Government
7609:Oppenheimer, Franz (1975).
7416:Hall, John A., ed. (1994).
7289:Everyday Life and the State
7126:. Taylor & Francis US.
6950:"Conceptions of Legitimacy"
6838:. Pearson Higher Education.
6175:. Prentice Hall. p. .
5198:Roosevelt, Anna C. (1999).
5026:A dictionary of archaeology
3466:. Blackwell. pp. 1–2.
2898:Cudworth et al., 2007: p. 1
2679:
2399:extra Ecclesiam nulla salus
2130:in the Book of Revelation.
1764:. It was the world's first
1497:. It is only in relatively
816:in Spanish and Portuguese,
741:, etc.). Today, the modern
10:
9888:
8414:Bellum omnium contra omnes
7590:. In Hall, John A. (ed.).
7210:"Conceptions of the State"
7141:Sartwell, Crispin (2008).
7120:Salmon, Trevor C. (2008).
7102:Bringing the State Back In
7057:Malešević, Siniša (2002).
6547:"Globalizing class theory"
6522:. pp. 87–115 115–135.
6419:Mitchell, Timothy (2006).
6291:The philosophy of Habermas
6196:Cunningham, Frank (2002).
5688:Annual Review of Sociology
5577:International Organization
5571:Abramson, Scott F (2017).
5061:. MIT Press. p. 186.
4966:. Routledge. p. 139.
4566:Kjaer, Anne Mette (2004).
4429:. In Gill, Stephen (ed.).
3860:Colomer, Josep M. (2017).
3823:. Oxford University Press.
3744:Anarchy, State, and Utopia
3659:International Organization
3575:Bringing the State Back in
3377:Journal of African Studies
2807:Royal Society Open Science
2598:
2579:
2539:
2503:
2468:
2447:
2280:
2218:extent that it makes sense
2188:Marx's theory of the state
2185:
2137:
2056:
2029:
2026:Theories of state function
1897:
1851:
1790:
1756:and culture, writing, and
1691:
1645:Copper Age state societies
1638:
1587:
1445:
1402:
1390:, and the creation of new
1306:
1279:
718:governments. These gained
84:Index of politics articles
18:
9831:
9681:
9450:
9098:
8831:
8711:
8630:
8542:
8533:
8399:
8233:
8162:
7991:
7823:
7680:. Yale University Press.
7443:. Duke University Press.
7240:Barrow, Clyde W. (2002).
7185:Skinner, Quentin (1989).
7170:. Yale University Press.
7078:Nelson, Brian T. (2006).
7036:Joseph, Jonathan (2004).
6998:. Yale University Press.
6904:Bobbio, Norberto (1989).
6883:Barrow, Clyde W. (1993).
6754:Collins, Randall (1986).
6518:Michel, Foucault (2007).
6503:Michel, Foucault (2007).
6488:Michel, Foucault (2007).
6173:Modern Political Analysis
5943:Rothbard, Murray (1970).
5794:10.1017/9781316493694.005
5590:10.1017/S0020818316000308
5542:. Blackwell. p. 44.
5509:Nationalism and the State
4880:Giddens, Anthony (1987).
4834:10.1017/S0003055417000132
4792:10.1017/S0003055419000741
4757:10.1016/j.eeh.2021.101404
4605:. Yale University Press.
4328:Kaviraj, Sudipta (2001).
4266:10.28937/9783787336746_12
4022:Longerich, Peter (2010).
3671:10.1017/S002081830003304X
3197:Donovan, John C. (1993).
3104:Dubreuil, BenoĂt (2010).
2759:civil rule and government
1706:Yellow River civilization
1702:Indus Valley Civilization
1564:(and some of them remain
1295:certain coercive powers.
857:and directly from Latin.
786:Haudenosaunee Confederacy
9619:The Revolt of the Masses
7768:Barclay, Thomas (1911).
7695:Taylor, Michael (1982).
7672:Scott, James C. (1998).
7594:. Taylor & Francis.
7422:. Taylor & Francis.
7208:Vincent, Andrew (1992).
7162:Scott, James C. (2009).
6992:Garrard, Graeme (2022).
6927:Cudworth, Erika (2007).
5906:Anarchy and Christianity
4601:Scott, James C. (2017).
4458:Ferretter, Luke (2006).
3940:Marek, Krystyna (1954).
2872:10.1177/0003122410382639
2741:
2706:List of sovereign states
2589:rational-legal authority
2582:Rational-legal authority
2576:Rational-legal authority
2429:structural functionalism
1752:, standardized forms of
1303:States and nation-states
1218:of ancient Rome and the
860:With the revival of the
722:in conjunction with the
665:administrative divisions
9599:The Communist Manifesto
8525:Tyranny of the majority
8436:Consent of the governed
7777:Encyclopædia Britannica
7633:State, power, socialism
7286:Bratsis, Peter (2006).
6816:Samuels, David (2012).
6545:Sklair, Leslie (2004).
6353:Melossi, Dario (2006).
6096:Rethinking state theory
6093:Smith, Mark J. (2000).
6033:6 February 2007 at the
5713:Getachew, Adom (2019).
5536:Tilly, Charles (1992).
5341:Yoffee, Norman (2005).
5308:Yoffee, Norman (1988).
4928:10.1073/pnas.1002470107
4238:2 November 2013 at the
3862:"Empires Versus States"
3833:Mann, Michael (1992) .
3742:Nozick, Robert (1974).
3622:Tilly, Charles (1992).
3535:Tilly, Charles (1992).
3500:Tilly, Charles (1992).
3460:Tilly, Charles (1992).
3299:Samuels, David (2013).
3055:19 January 2018 at the
3040:19 January 2018 at the
2701:International relations
2353:mathematical statistics
1986:Westphalian sovereignty
1554:not organised as states
1325:State and civil society
1145:which participate in a
1076:Economic redistribution
898:North American colonies
493:Political organisations
256:International relations
94:Politics by subdivision
8476:
8426:Clash of civilizations
8412:
7759:Quotations related to
7586:Mann, Michael (1994).
7571:. Ashgate Publishing.
7479:Hoffman, John (2004).
7458:Hoffman, John (1995).
7307:Faulks, Keith (2000).
7084:. Palgrave Macmillan.
6948:Dogan, Mattei (1992).
6452:Lemke, Thomas (2011).
6386:Gordon, Colin (1991).
6322:Cook, Deborah (2004).
6289:Edgar, Andrew (2005).
6040:Historical Materialism
5507:Breuilly, John. 1993.
5398:10.1126/sciadv.abn3517
5231:Mann, Michael (1986).
5138:Cohen, Ronald (1978).
5107:"Agricultural systems"
4960:Bagge, Sverre (2019).
4723:10.1006/exeh.1997.0673
4485:Flecha, Ramon (2009).
4361:Reeve, Andrew (2001).
3709:The Independent Review
3334:International Security
3135:Gordon, Scott (2002).
2910:Barrow, 1993: pp. 9–10
2777:Black's Law Dictionary
2501:
2483:Social contract theory
2471:Legitimacy (political)
2334:while considering the
2271:ideological domination
2086:
1809:
1632:
1200:. Other states, often
1194:monarchical legitimacy
1184:, for example, or the
1127:political philosophers
902:
640:entity that regulates
8441:Divine right of kings
7351:Fisk, Milton (1989).
6864:Migdal, Joel (1988).
6853:. pp. Chapter 2.
6849:Migdal, Joel (1988).
6171:Dahl, Robert (1973).
6158:30 April 2016 at the
5817:Newman, Saul (2010).
5786:Does War Make States?
5053:Hassan, F.A. (2007).
4855:Boix, Carles (2015).
4303:. NYU Press. p.
4231:Robinson, E.H. 2013.
3781:Montevideo Convention
3768:Montevideo Convention
3746:. Oxford: Blackwell.
3410:Arguments for Liberty
3303:. Pearson Education.
3228:Shaw, Martin (2003).
3017:30 April 2016 at the
2673:Industrial Revolution
2634:Early state formation
2561:divine right of kings
2542:Divine right of kings
2536:Divine right of kings
2490:
2154:Lockean tacit consent
2066:
2053:Anarchist perspective
1804:
1639:Further information:
1615:
1040:Montevideo Convention
573:Political campaigning
313:Public administration
146:Collective leadership
9589:Democracy in America
8968:political philosophy
8951:political philosophy
8766:political philosophy
8595:political philosophy
8505:Separation of powers
8466:Night-watchman state
8451:Monopoly on violence
7985:Political philosophy
7893:Night-watchman state
7828:Administrative state
7615:. Black Rose Books.
7521:Jessop, Bob (2009).
7506:. Penn State Press.
7500:Jessop, Bob (1990).
7216:. Psychology Press.
6956:. Psychology Press.
6836:Comparative Politics
6818:Comparative Politics
6669:Locke, John (1690).
6631:17 June 2016 at the
6593:24 June 2016 at the
6139:29 July 2016 at the
5612:Larousse, Éditions.
5456:Jones, Rhys (2007).
5275:Comparative Politics
5269:Wang, Yuhua (2021).
4987:Ingold, Tim (1999).
4611:10.2307/j.ctv1bvnfk9
4520:23 July 2016 at the
4205:23 June 2016 at the
3819:Crawford, J. (2007)
3692:Smith, Adam (1776).
3577:. pp. 169–191.
3301:Comparative Politics
2959:www.encyclopedia.com
2761:(distinguished from
2655:Late state formation
2491:The frontispiece of
2477:political legitimacy
2450:New institutionalism
2394:plenitudo potestatis
2116:Christian anarchists
2094:political philosophy
1883:estates of the realm
1276:State and government
866:estates of the realm
737:, the theory of the
728:economic development
423:Separation of powers
294:Political psychology
269:Comparative politics
247:political scientists
234:Academic disciplines
114:Political philosophy
9857:Political geography
9779:Right-wing politics
9659:A Theory of Justice
9629:The Road to Serfdom
9549:The Social Contract
8256:Christian democracy
7393:State, Power, Crime
7333:The law's beginning
7013:Hay, Colin (2001).
6612:20 May 2016 at the
6492:. pp. 311–332.
5788:. pp. 98–124.
5723:10.2307/j.ctv3znwvg
5485:16 May 2016 at the
5443:16 May 2016 at the
5390:2022SciA....8N3517T
4664:1970Sci...169..733C
4572:. Wiley-Blackwell.
3259:Weber, Max (1991).
3166:Hay, Colin (2001).
3048:, Le Normant, 1818
2941:15 May 2016 at the
2827:10.1098/rsos.171137
2819:2018RSOS....571137S
2726:Supranational union
2238:Communist Manifesto
2182:Marxist perspective
2145:Anarcho-capitalists
1928:. Even in the most
1842:directly democratic
1818:classical antiquity
1787:Classical antiquity
1781:military revolution
1609:The anthropologist
1596:stateless societies
1590:Stateless societies
903:"L'État, c'est moi"
759:the degree to which
704:stateless societies
695:" or other terms.)
667:. A state may be a
596:Politics portal
445:Election commission
416:Government branches
299:Political sociology
151:Confessional system
89:Politics by country
9791:Political violence
9786:Political theology
9769:Left-wing politics
9764:Political spectrum
7848:Civilization state
6083:Barrow, 1993: p. 4
6071:6 May 2016 at the
5514:1 May 2016 at the
5092:5 May 2016 at the
3807:10.1111/gec3.12065
2789:Uricich v. Kolesar
2691:Civilization state
2502:
2390:translatio imperii
2140:Anarcho-capitalism
2087:
1810:
1793:Athenian democracy
1509:. Roving bands of
1264:. To some extent,
1250:German city-states
1210:racial superiority
1167:federal government
924:academic consensus
806:European languages
677:federated polities
279:Political analysis
211:Semi-parliamentary
9844:
9843:
9754:Philosophy of law
9699:Conflict theories
9539:The Spirit of Law
9446:
9445:
8495:Original position
7951:
7950:
7933:Territorial state
7708:978-0-521-27014-4
7687:978-0-300-07815-2
7664:978-0-8476-8165-5
7643:978-1-85984-274-4
7622:978-0-919618-59-6
7601:978-0-415-08680-6
7578:978-0-7546-6066-8
7557:978-0-8166-5317-1
7536:978-0-387-68929-6
7513:978-0-271-00735-9
7492:978-0-7619-4942-8
7471:978-0-7456-1181-5
7450:978-0-8223-2798-1
7429:978-0-415-08683-7
7408:978-1-4129-4805-0
7364:978-0-521-38966-2
7343:978-90-04-13705-9
7322:978-0-8147-2709-6
7299:978-1-59451-219-3
7278:978-0-631-18082-1
7255:978-0-8166-3293-0
7223:978-0-415-07224-3
7177:978-0-300-15228-9
7154:978-0-7914-7447-1
7133:978-0-415-43126-2
7091:978-1-4039-7189-0
7070:978-0-7146-5215-3
7049:978-0-8147-4277-8
7028:978-0-415-24352-0
6984:978-0-13-196012-1
6963:978-0-415-07224-3
6940:978-0-7486-2176-7
6798:978-0-8047-5095-0
6767:978-0-521-31426-8
6736:978-0-8166-3398-2
6649:www.gutenberg.org
6605:Malešević, 2002:
6560:978-0-415-27665-8
6463:978-1-59451-637-5
6434:978-1-4051-1467-7
6401:978-0-226-08045-1
6368:978-0-7391-1324-0
6335:978-0-415-33479-2
6308:978-0-7735-2783-6
6271:978-0-521-28062-4
6240:978-0-7425-3699-9
6209:978-0-415-22879-4
6106:978-0-415-20892-5
5861:978-0-919618-01-5
5830:978-0-7486-3495-8
5767:978-0-691-12708-8
5732:978-0-691-17915-5
5549:978-1-55786-067-5
5469:978-1-4051-4033-1
5354:978-0-521-81837-7
5323:978-0-88738-161-4
5246:978-0-521-31349-0
5213:978-0-521-63075-7
5184:978-0-374-53322-9
5153:978-90-279-7904-9
5120:978-0-8153-0342-8
5068:978-0-262-03366-4
5035:978-0-631-23583-5
5002:978-0-521-57109-8
4973:978-0-429-58953-9
4921:(16): 7119–7126.
4866:978-1-107-08943-3
4658:(3947): 733–738.
4620:978-0-300-18291-0
4579:978-0-7456-2979-7
4552:978-0-8077-4202-0
4513:Malešević, 2002:
4500:978-0-415-95861-5
4471:978-0-415-32731-2
4440:978-0-521-43523-9
4407:978-0-415-16214-2
4376:978-0-415-24352-0
4343:978-0-521-00290-5
4314:978-0-8147-2207-7
4181:978-0-631-20695-8
4061:978-1-134-72264-8
4033:978-0-19-280436-5
3951:978-2-600-04044-0
3883:978-0-19-022863-7
3846:978-0-631-18509-3
3795:Geography Compass
3779:Article 2 of the
3766:Article 1 of the
3635:978-1-55786-067-5
3600:978-0-521-30786-4
3548:978-1-55786-067-5
3513:978-1-55786-067-5
3473:978-1-55786-067-5
3446:978-1-5063-6074-4
3310:978-0-321-44974-0
3272:978-0-415-06056-1
3241:978-0-7456-1907-1
3210:978-0-8226-3025-8
3148:978-0-674-00977-6
3117:978-0-521-76948-8
3033:, Richter, 1791,
2757:as organized for
2570:Sir Robert Filmer
2566:English Civil War
2549:Absolute monarchy
2201:classless society
2098:stateless society
2003:grain agriculture
1822:Greek city-states
1813:religious myths.
1727:division of labor
1670:division of labor
1562:indigenous people
1558:Amazon rainforest
1552:peoples who were
1049:international law
1028:organized crime.
910:") attributed to
839:The English noun
776:that maintains a
772:: a "state" is a
679:that make up the
630:
629:
578:Political parties
518:Electoral systems
242:Political science
216:Semi-presidential
128:Political systems
104:Political history
99:Political economy
9879:
9759:Political ethics
9749:Machiavellianism
9689:Authoritarianism
9674:
9664:
9654:
9644:
9634:
9624:
9614:
9604:
9594:
9584:
9574:
9564:
9554:
9544:
9534:
9524:
9514:
9504:
9494:
9484:
9474:
9464:
8540:
8539:
8481:
8417:
8407:Balance of power
8381:Social democracy
8376:Social Darwinism
8351:Multiculturalism
8296:Environmentalism
8271:Communitarianism
7978:
7971:
7964:
7955:
7954:
7833:Capitalist state
7809:
7802:
7795:
7786:
7785:
7781:
7773:
7758:
7744:
7731:
7712:
7691:
7679:
7668:
7647:
7626:
7605:
7582:
7561:
7540:
7517:
7496:
7475:
7464:. Polity Press.
7454:
7433:
7412:
7397:. Sage. p.
7396:
7385:
7368:
7347:
7326:
7303:
7282:
7259:
7227:
7204:
7181:
7169:
7158:
7137:
7116:
7095:
7074:
7053:
7032:
7009:
6988:
6967:
6944:
6923:
6911:
6900:
6870:
6869:
6861:
6855:
6854:
6846:
6840:
6839:
6834:Samuels, David.
6831:
6822:
6821:
6813:
6807:
6806:
6782:
6776:
6775:
6751:
6745:
6744:
6716:
6710:
6709:
6681:
6675:
6674:
6666:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6641:
6635:
6622:
6616:
6603:
6597:
6584:
6578:
6575:
6569:
6568:
6542:
6536:
6530:
6524:
6523:
6515:
6509:
6508:
6507:. pp. 1–27.
6500:
6494:
6493:
6485:
6476:
6475:
6449:
6443:
6442:
6416:
6410:
6409:
6383:
6377:
6376:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6319:
6313:
6312:
6286:
6280:
6279:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6224:
6218:
6217:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6168:
6162:
6149:
6143:
6130:
6124:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6090:
6084:
6081:
6075:
6062:
6056:
6053:
6044:
6037:Full Text. From
6026:Frederick Engels
6022:
6016:
6015:
5995:
5989:
5988:
5968:
5959:
5958:
5945:Power and Market
5940:
5929:
5928:
5897:
5891:
5890:
5876:
5870:
5869:
5845:
5839:
5838:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5781:
5772:
5771:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5666:
5642:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5609:
5603:
5602:
5592:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5533:
5527:
5505:
5499:
5496:
5490:
5477:
5453:
5447:
5434:
5428:
5427:
5409:
5384:(25): eabn3517.
5378:Science Advances
5369:
5363:
5362:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5305:
5299:
5298:
5266:
5255:
5254:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5168:
5162:
5161:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5102:
5096:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5050:
5044:
5043:
5017:
5011:
5010:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4940:
4930:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4852:
4846:
4845:
4819:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4742:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4598:
4589:
4587:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4540:
4530:
4524:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4302:
4292:
4286:
4285:
4249:
4243:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4209:
4198:Sartwell, 2008:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4160:
4154:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4075:
4073:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4019:
4013:
4012:
3986:
3980:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3905:(5): 1061–1094.
3894:
3888:
3887:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3830:
3824:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3790:
3784:
3777:
3771:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3570:
3561:
3560:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3497:
3486:
3485:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3296:
3277:
3276:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3066:
3060:
3027:
3021:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2951:
2945:
2932:
2923:
2920:
2911:
2908:
2899:
2896:
2887:
2886:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2838:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2751:
2416:Nicos Poulantzas
2175:Power and Market
2152:State excluding
2081:), depicting an
2080:
2077:
1982:Frederick Cooper
1778:
1775:
1741:, long distance
1635:Neolithic period
1619:hunter gatherers
1602:in economic and
1574:sovereign states
1515:tribal societies
1511:hunter-gatherers
1226:Poland-Lithuania
1163:sovereign states
1143:federated states
1106:William Brustein
905:
894:church and state
852:
849:
747:Sovereign states
724:growth of cities
702:people lived in
671:or some type of
622:
615:
608:
594:
593:
384:
329:
284:Political theory
274:Election science
264:
250:
28:
27:
9887:
9886:
9882:
9881:
9880:
9878:
9877:
9876:
9847:
9846:
9845:
9840:
9827:
9816:Totalitarianism
9677:
9672:
9662:
9652:
9642:
9632:
9622:
9612:
9602:
9592:
9582:
9572:
9562:
9552:
9542:
9532:
9522:
9512:
9502:
9492:
9489:Treatise on Law
9482:
9472:
9462:
9442:
9100:
9094:
8833:
8827:
8713:
8707:
8626:
8529:
8515:State of nature
8510:Social contract
8490:Ordered liberty
8478:Noblesse oblige
8395:
8229:
8158:
7987:
7982:
7952:
7947:
7928:Sovereign state
7819:
7813:
7752:
7747:
7728:
7709:
7688:
7665:
7644:
7623:
7602:
7579:
7558:
7537:
7514:
7493:
7472:
7451:
7430:
7409:
7365:
7344:
7323:
7300:
7279:
7256:
7235:
7233:Further reading
7230:
7224:
7201:
7178:
7155:
7134:
7113:
7092:
7071:
7050:
7029:
7006:
6985:
6964:
6941:
6920:
6897:
6878:
6873:
6862:
6858:
6847:
6843:
6832:
6825:
6814:
6810:
6799:
6783:
6779:
6768:
6752:
6748:
6737:
6729:. p. 228.
6717:
6713:
6682:
6678:
6667:
6663:
6653:
6651:
6643:
6642:
6638:
6633:Wayback Machine
6623:
6619:
6614:Wayback Machine
6604:
6600:
6595:Wayback Machine
6586:Vincent, 1992:
6585:
6581:
6576:
6572:
6561:
6543:
6539:
6531:
6527:
6516:
6512:
6501:
6497:
6486:
6479:
6464:
6450:
6446:
6435:
6417:
6413:
6402:
6384:
6380:
6369:
6351:
6347:
6336:
6320:
6316:
6309:
6287:
6283:
6272:
6256:
6252:
6241:
6225:
6221:
6210:
6194:
6190:
6183:
6169:
6165:
6160:Wayback Machine
6151:Vincent, 1992:
6150:
6146:
6141:Wayback Machine
6131:
6127:
6122:
6118:
6107:
6091:
6087:
6082:
6078:
6073:Wayback Machine
6063:
6059:
6054:
6047:
6035:Wayback Machine
6023:
6019:
5996:
5992:
5969:
5962:
5955:
5941:
5932:
5917:
5898:
5894:
5877:
5873:
5862:
5846:
5842:
5831:
5815:
5811:
5804:
5782:
5775:
5768:
5752:
5748:
5733:
5711:
5707:
5684:
5680:
5643:
5632:
5622:
5620:
5618:www.larousse.fr
5610:
5606:
5569:
5565:
5550:
5534:
5530:
5516:Wayback Machine
5506:
5502:
5497:
5493:
5487:Wayback Machine
5470:
5454:
5450:
5445:Wayback Machine
5435:
5431:
5370:
5366:
5355:
5339:
5335:
5324:
5306:
5302:
5267:
5258:
5247:
5229:
5225:
5214:
5196:
5192:
5185:
5169:
5165:
5154:
5144:The Early State
5136:
5132:
5121:
5103:
5099:
5094:Wayback Machine
5084:
5080:
5069:
5051:
5047:
5036:
5018:
5014:
5003:
4985:
4981:
4974:
4958:
4954:
4907:
4903:
4896:
4878:
4874:
4867:
4853:
4849:
4817:
4811:
4807:
4776:
4772:
4740:
4734:
4730:
4707:
4703:
4648:
4644:
4621:
4599:
4592:
4580:
4564:
4560:
4553:
4531:
4527:
4522:Wayback Machine
4512:
4508:
4501:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4461:Louis Althusser
4456:
4452:
4441:
4423:
4419:
4408:
4392:
4388:
4377:
4363:"Civil society"
4359:
4355:
4344:
4326:
4322:
4315:
4293:
4289:
4250:
4246:
4240:Wayback Machine
4230:
4226:
4221:
4212:
4207:Wayback Machine
4197:
4193:
4182:
4161:
4157:
4089:
4085:
4071:
4069:
4062:
4045:
4041:
4034:
4020:
4016:
3987:
3983:
3967:
3963:
3952:
3938:
3934:
3895:
3891:
3884:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3831:
3827:
3818:
3814:
3791:
3787:
3778:
3774:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3740:
3736:
3705:
3701:
3690:
3686:
3655:
3651:
3636:
3620:
3616:
3601:
3571:
3564:
3549:
3533:
3529:
3514:
3498:
3489:
3474:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3433:
3429:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3404:
3373:
3369:
3346:10.2307/2538753
3330:
3326:
3311:
3297:
3280:
3273:
3257:
3253:
3242:
3226:
3222:
3211:
3195:
3191:
3180:
3164:
3160:
3149:
3133:
3129:
3118:
3102:
3098:
3091:
3067:
3063:
3057:Wayback Machine
3042:Wayback Machine
3028:
3024:
3019:Wayback Machine
3009:
3005:
2998:Skinner, 1989:
2997:
2993:
2970:
2966:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2943:Wayback Machine
2933:
2926:
2921:
2914:
2909:
2902:
2897:
2890:
2856:
2852:
2799:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2682:
2657:
2636:
2627:
2603:
2597:
2584:
2578:
2544:
2538:
2512:state of nature
2508:
2506:Social contract
2485:
2473:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2437:
2365:cameral science
2332:governmentality
2327:Michel Foucault
2316:JĂĽrgen Habermas
2313:
2297:interest groups
2285:
2279:
2209:Collected Works
2190:
2184:
2149:Murray Rothbard
2142:
2136:
2124:political power
2083:anti-capitalist
2078:
2061:
2055:
2047:political power
2038:
2028:
2011:
1999:
1997:Earliest states
1994:
1945:state formation
1918:
1896:
1860:
1850:
1799:
1789:
1779:, leading to a
1776:
1719:complex society
1708:
1690:
1688:Ancient Eurasia
1662:property rights
1647:
1637:
1624:Pierre Clastres
1604:political power
1592:
1586:
1448:
1440:national anthem
1435:national colors
1420:national emblem
1407:
1405:National symbol
1401:
1388:nationalization
1372:JĂĽrgen Habermas
1354:Louis Althusser
1344:Antonio Gramsci
1327:
1311:
1305:
1284:
1278:
1266:urban secession
1182:Austria-Hungary
1102:Michael Hechter
1057:
1055:Types of states
920:
850:
798:
739:social contract
685:sovereign state
626:
588:
583:
582:
513:
512:
503:
502:
460:
459:
450:
449:
418:
417:
408:
407:
403:Public interest
388:Domestic policy
378:
371:
370:
359:
358:
323:
316:
315:
304:
303:
265:
258:
251:
244:
236:
235:
226:
225:
131:
130:
119:
118:
74:
73:
64:
33:Politics series
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9885:
9875:
9874:
9872:State politics
9869:
9864:
9859:
9842:
9841:
9839:
9838:
9832:
9829:
9828:
9826:
9825:
9818:
9813:
9808:
9806:Social justice
9803:
9798:
9793:
9788:
9783:
9782:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9761:
9756:
9751:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9731:
9726:
9721:
9716:
9714:Egalitarianism
9711:
9706:
9704:Contractualism
9701:
9696:
9691:
9685:
9683:
9679:
9678:
9676:
9675:
9665:
9655:
9645:
9635:
9625:
9615:
9605:
9595:
9585:
9575:
9565:
9555:
9545:
9535:
9525:
9515:
9505:
9495:
9485:
9475:
9465:
9454:
9452:
9448:
9447:
9444:
9443:
9441:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9420:
9415:
9410:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9104:
9102:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8971:
8970:
8960:
8955:
8954:
8953:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8837:
8835:
8829:
8828:
8826:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8769:
8768:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8717:
8715:
8709:
8708:
8706:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8634:
8632:
8628:
8627:
8625:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8598:
8597:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8546:
8544:
8537:
8531:
8530:
8528:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8500:Overton window
8497:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8409:
8403:
8401:
8397:
8396:
8394:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8331:Libertarianism
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8237:
8235:
8231:
8230:
8228:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8166:
8164:
8160:
8159:
8157:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7995:
7993:
7989:
7988:
7981:
7980:
7973:
7966:
7958:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7812:
7811:
7804:
7797:
7789:
7783:
7782:
7751:
7750:External links
7748:
7746:
7745:
7732:
7727:978-3406603426
7726:
7713:
7707:
7692:
7686:
7669:
7663:
7648:
7642:
7627:
7621:
7606:
7600:
7583:
7577:
7562:
7556:
7541:
7535:
7518:
7512:
7497:
7491:
7476:
7470:
7455:
7449:
7434:
7428:
7413:
7407:
7386:
7369:
7363:
7348:
7342:
7327:
7321:
7304:
7298:
7283:
7277:
7260:
7254:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7228:
7222:
7205:
7199:
7182:
7176:
7159:
7153:
7147:. SUNY Press.
7138:
7132:
7117:
7111:
7096:
7090:
7075:
7069:
7054:
7048:
7033:
7027:
7015:"State theory"
7010:
7004:
6989:
6983:
6968:
6962:
6945:
6939:
6924:
6918:
6901:
6895:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6856:
6841:
6823:
6808:
6797:
6777:
6766:
6746:
6735:
6711:
6676:
6661:
6636:
6617:
6598:
6579:
6570:
6559:
6537:
6525:
6510:
6495:
6477:
6462:
6444:
6433:
6411:
6400:
6378:
6367:
6345:
6334:
6314:
6307:
6281:
6270:
6250:
6239:
6219:
6208:
6188:
6181:
6163:
6144:
6132:Joseph, 2004:
6125:
6116:
6105:
6085:
6076:
6064:Joseph, 2004:
6057:
6045:
6017:
6006:(2): 259–269.
5990:
5979:(2): 210–223.
5960:
5953:
5930:
5915:
5901:Ellul, Jacques
5892:
5871:
5860:
5840:
5829:
5809:
5802:
5773:
5766:
5746:
5731:
5705:
5694:(1): 461–482.
5678:
5657:(1): 127–149.
5630:
5604:
5563:
5548:
5528:
5500:
5491:
5468:
5448:
5436:Nelson, 2006:
5429:
5364:
5353:
5333:
5322:
5300:
5256:
5245:
5223:
5212:
5190:
5183:
5163:
5152:
5130:
5119:
5097:
5078:
5067:
5045:
5034:
5012:
5001:
4979:
4972:
4952:
4901:
4894:
4872:
4865:
4847:
4828:(3): 622–636.
4805:
4786:(2): 502–518.
4770:
4728:
4717:(2): 135–154.
4701:
4642:
4619:
4590:
4578:
4558:
4551:
4525:
4506:
4499:
4477:
4470:
4450:
4439:
4417:
4406:
4386:
4375:
4353:
4342:
4320:
4313:
4287:
4244:
4224:
4210:
4191:
4180:
4166:, ed. (1999).
4155:
4083:
4060:
4039:
4032:
4014:
3981:
3961:
3950:
3932:
3911:10.1086/227125
3889:
3882:
3852:
3845:
3825:
3812:
3801:(8): 556–566.
3785:
3772:
3759:
3752:
3734:
3715:(3): 325–342.
3699:
3684:
3665:(2): 143–162.
3649:
3634:
3614:
3599:
3562:
3547:
3527:
3512:
3487:
3472:
3452:
3445:
3427:
3413:
3402:
3383:(2): 199–205.
3367:
3340:(4): 117–139.
3324:
3309:
3278:
3271:
3251:
3240:
3220:
3209:
3189:
3178:
3158:
3147:
3127:
3116:
3096:
3090:978-0195188318
3089:
3061:
3029:C. D. Erhard,
3022:
3010:Bobbio, 1989:
3003:
2991:
2980:(4): 644–662.
2964:
2946:
2934:Salmon, 2008:
2924:
2912:
2900:
2888:
2866:(5): 764–790.
2850:
2793:
2781:
2769:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2656:
2653:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2615:Joel S. Migdal
2599:Main article:
2596:
2593:
2580:Main article:
2577:
2574:
2540:Main article:
2537:
2534:
2526:natural rights
2504:Main article:
2484:
2481:
2469:Main article:
2466:
2463:
2448:Main article:
2445:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2312:
2309:
2278:
2275:
2257:linked to them
2252:Ralph Miliband
2186:Main article:
2183:
2180:
2138:Main article:
2135:
2132:
2057:Main article:
2054:
2051:
2027:
2024:
2010:
2007:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1959:Hendrik Spruyt
1895:
1892:
1849:
1846:
1826:Roman Republic
1820:came from the
1797:Roman Republic
1788:
1785:
1777: 3000 BC
1689:
1686:
1636:
1633:
1588:Main article:
1585:
1582:
1578:United Nations
1542:city republics
1447:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1430:national motto
1427:
1422:
1413:
1400:
1397:
1326:
1323:
1304:
1301:
1277:
1274:
1221:Rzeczpospolita
1151:constitutional
1123:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1056:
1053:
1010:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
919:
916:
908:I am the State
845:Middle English
797:
794:
765:them as such.
720:state capacity
710:and developed
628:
627:
625:
624:
617:
610:
602:
599:
598:
585:
584:
581:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
559:
558:
542:
537:
532:
531:
530:
520:
514:
510:
509:
508:
505:
504:
501:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
467:
461:
458:Related topics
457:
456:
455:
452:
451:
448:
447:
442:
437:
432:
426:
425:
419:
415:
414:
413:
410:
409:
406:
405:
400:
395:
393:Foreign policy
390:
385:
372:
366:
365:
364:
361:
360:
357:
356:
355:
354:
340:
335:
330:
317:
311:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
296:
291:
289:Policy studies
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
254:
252:
240:
237:
233:
232:
231:
228:
227:
224:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
132:
126:
125:
124:
121:
120:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
75:
72:Primary topics
71:
70:
69:
66:
65:
63:
62:
57:
52:
46:
43:
42:
36:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9884:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9854:
9852:
9837:
9834:
9833:
9830:
9824:
9823:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9802:
9799:
9797:
9794:
9792:
9789:
9787:
9784:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9766:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9739:Jurisprudence
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9686:
9684:
9680:
9671:
9670:
9666:
9661:
9660:
9656:
9651:
9650:
9646:
9641:
9640:
9636:
9631:
9630:
9626:
9621:
9620:
9616:
9611:
9610:
9606:
9601:
9600:
9596:
9591:
9590:
9586:
9581:
9580:
9576:
9571:
9570:
9569:Rights of Man
9566:
9561:
9560:
9556:
9551:
9550:
9546:
9541:
9540:
9536:
9531:
9530:
9526:
9521:
9520:
9516:
9511:
9510:
9506:
9501:
9500:
9496:
9491:
9490:
9486:
9481:
9480:
9479:De re publica
9476:
9471:
9470:
9466:
9461:
9460:
9456:
9455:
9453:
9449:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9105:
9103:
9099:20th and 21st
9097:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8969:
8966:
8965:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8952:
8949:
8948:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8838:
8836:
8832:18th and 19th
8830:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8767:
8764:
8763:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8718:
8716:
8710:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8688:Nizam al-Mulk
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8635:
8633:
8629:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8596:
8593:
8592:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8547:
8545:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8532:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8480:
8479:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8416:
8415:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8404:
8402:
8398:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8371:Republicanism
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8238:
8236:
8232:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8165:
8161:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7996:
7994:
7990:
7986:
7979:
7974:
7972:
7967:
7965:
7960:
7959:
7956:
7944:
7943:Welfare state
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7858:Confederation
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7822:
7818:
7810:
7805:
7803:
7798:
7796:
7791:
7790:
7787:
7779:
7778:
7772:
7771:"State"
7766:
7765:
7764:
7763:at Wikiquote
7762:
7757:
7742:
7738:
7733:
7729:
7723:
7719:
7714:
7710:
7704:
7700:
7699:
7693:
7689:
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7677:
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7656:
7655:
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7452:
7446:
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7410:
7404:
7400:
7395:
7394:
7387:
7383:
7379:
7378:
7375:
7370:
7366:
7360:
7356:
7355:
7349:
7345:
7339:
7335:
7334:
7328:
7324:
7318:
7315:. NYU Press.
7314:
7310:
7305:
7301:
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7215:
7211:
7206:
7202:
7200:0-521-35978-3
7196:
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7118:
7114:
7112:0-521-31313-9
7108:
7104:
7103:
7097:
7093:
7087:
7083:
7082:
7076:
7072:
7066:
7063:. Routledge.
7062:
7061:
7055:
7051:
7045:
7042:. NYU Press.
7041:
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7005:9780300256758
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6919:0-8166-1813-5
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6624:Dogan, 1992:
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6211:
6205:
6201:
6200:
6192:
6184:
6182:0-13-596981-6
6178:
6174:
6167:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6148:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6129:
6120:
6112:
6108:
6102:
6098:
6097:
6089:
6080:
6074:
6070:
6067:
6061:
6052:
6050:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6021:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5994:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5967:
5965:
5956:
5954:1-933550-05-8
5950:
5946:
5939:
5937:
5935:
5927:
5922:
5918:
5916:9780802804952
5912:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5896:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5875:
5867:
5863:
5857:
5853:
5852:
5844:
5836:
5832:
5826:
5822:
5821:
5813:
5805:
5803:9781316493694
5799:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5780:
5778:
5769:
5763:
5759:
5758:
5750:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5709:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5682:
5674:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5619:
5615:
5608:
5600:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5583:(1): 97–130.
5582:
5578:
5574:
5567:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5532:
5525:
5524:0-7190-3800-6
5521:
5517:
5513:
5510:
5504:
5495:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5478:... see also
5475:
5471:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5452:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5433:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5368:
5360:
5356:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5337:
5329:
5325:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5304:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5252:
5248:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5227:
5219:
5215:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5194:
5186:
5180:
5176:
5175:
5167:
5159:
5155:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5134:
5126:
5122:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5101:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5085:Scott, 2009:
5082:
5074:
5070:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5049:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5016:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4983:
4975:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4956:
4948:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4905:
4897:
4895:0-520-06039-3
4891:
4887:
4883:
4876:
4868:
4862:
4858:
4851:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4774:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4705:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4646:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4597:
4595:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4562:
4554:
4548:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4529:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4510:
4502:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4481:
4473:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4454:
4446:
4442:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4421:
4413:
4409:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4390:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4357:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4324:
4316:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4291:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4228:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4195:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4164:Bealey, Frank
4159:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4080:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4046:For example:
4043:
4035:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3977:0-19-551771-7
3974:
3970:
3965:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3893:
3885:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3848:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3829:
3822:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3776:
3769:
3763:
3755:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3695:
3688:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3653:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3628:. Blackwell.
3627:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3592:
3591:2027.42/51028
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3567:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3531:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3442:
3438:
3431:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3406:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3274:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3255:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3224:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3181:
3179:0-415-14532-5
3175:
3171:
3170:
3162:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3065:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2895:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2813:(5): 171137.
2812:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2785:
2778:
2773:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2746:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2662:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2631:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2607:David Samuels
2602:
2595:State failure
2592:
2590:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2553:Thomas Hobbes
2550:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2516:Thomas Hobbes
2513:
2507:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2493:Thomas Hobbes
2489:
2480:
2478:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2459:Theda Skocpol
2455:
2451:
2441:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2381:civil society
2378:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2321:welfare state
2317:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2205:withered away
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2170:privatization
2167:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2120:Jacques Ellul
2117:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2020:
2019:Philip Gorski
2017:According to
2015:
2006:
2004:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:Adom Getachew
1966:
1964:
1960:
1957:According to
1955:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1916:Neoliberalism
1913:
1912:Globalization
1909:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:were combined
1836:these rights
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1807:Julius Caesar
1803:
1798:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1698:Ancient Egypt
1695:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1666:domestication
1663:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1642:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1570:failed states
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1531:human history
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1425:seal or stamp
1423:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1399:State symbols
1396:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:Privatization
1379:
1377:
1376:public sphere
1373:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:civil society
1322:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1206:authoritarian
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1175:multinational
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1159:confederacies
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:federal union
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1100:According to
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:Josep Colomer
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1033:Robert Nozick
1029:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
967:
966:
962:
959:
958:Charles Tilly
953:
950:
946:
944:
940:
936:
931:
929:
925:
915:
913:
909:
904:
899:
895:
891:
890:
885:
880:
878:
877:
872:) about the "
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
846:
842:
837:
835:
832:derives from
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
761:other states
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:federal union
670:
669:unitary state
666:
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
623:
618:
616:
611:
609:
604:
603:
601:
600:
597:
592:
587:
586:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
556:
552:
548:
547:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
529:
526:
525:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
507:
506:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
475:
471:
468:
466:
463:
462:
454:
453:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
427:
424:
421:
420:
412:
411:
404:
401:
399:
398:Civil society
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
382:
377:
376:Public policy
374:
373:
369:
363:
362:
352:
348:
344:
343:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
327:
322:
319:
318:
314:
308:
307:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
262:
257:
253:
248:
243:
239:
238:
230:
229:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
196:Parliamentary
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
181:Hybrid regime
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
133:
129:
123:
122:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
68:
67:
61:
58:
56:
53:
51:
48:
47:
45:
44:
41:
38:
37:
34:
30:
29:
26:
22:
9820:
9719:Elite theory
9667:
9657:
9647:
9637:
9627:
9617:
9607:
9597:
9587:
9577:
9567:
9557:
9547:
9537:
9527:
9517:
9507:
9497:
9487:
9477:
9467:
9457:
8756:Guicciardini
8712:Early modern
8535:Philosophers
8485:Open society
8421:Body politic
8291:Distributism
8281:Conservatism
8276:Confucianism
8195:Gerontocracy
8185:Dictatorship
8143:
8139:Sovereignty‎
8129:Ruling class
8019:Emancipation
8004:Citizenship‎
7913:Principality
7903:Pariah state
7888:Nation state
7853:Client state
7816:
7775:
7753:
7740:
7737:"John Locke"
7717:
7697:
7675:
7653:
7632:
7611:
7591:
7567:
7546:
7529:. Springer.
7526:
7502:
7481:
7460:
7439:
7418:
7392:
7377:
7374:
7353:
7332:
7312:
7292:. Paradigm.
7288:
7268:
7245:
7213:
7190:
7165:
7143:
7122:
7101:
7080:
7059:
7038:
7018:
6994:
6973:
6953:
6929:
6907:
6885:
6876:Bibliography
6865:
6859:
6850:
6844:
6835:
6817:
6811:
6787:
6780:
6756:
6749:
6721:
6714:
6689:
6685:
6679:
6670:
6664:
6652:. Retrieved
6648:
6639:
6620:
6601:
6582:
6573:
6550:
6540:
6528:
6519:
6513:
6504:
6498:
6489:
6453:
6447:
6424:
6414:
6391:
6381:
6358:
6348:
6324:
6317:
6290:
6284:
6260:
6253:
6229:
6222:
6198:
6191:
6172:
6166:
6147:
6128:
6119:
6095:
6088:
6079:
6060:
6038:
6025:
6020:
6003:
5999:
5993:
5976:
5972:
5944:
5924:
5905:
5895:
5887:
5883:
5874:
5850:
5843:
5819:
5812:
5785:
5756:
5749:
5714:
5708:
5691:
5687:
5681:
5654:
5650:
5621:. Retrieved
5617:
5607:
5580:
5576:
5566:
5538:
5531:
5503:
5494:
5458:
5451:
5432:
5381:
5377:
5367:
5343:
5336:
5313:
5303:
5278:
5274:
5236:
5226:
5203:
5193:
5173:
5166:
5143:
5133:
5110:
5100:
5081:
5058:
5048:
5025:
5015:
4992:
4982:
4962:
4955:
4918:
4914:
4904:
4885:
4875:
4856:
4850:
4825:
4821:
4808:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4748:
4744:
4731:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4629:j.ctv1bvnfk9
4602:
4568:
4561:
4536:
4528:
4509:
4490:
4480:
4460:
4453:
4430:
4420:
4396:
4389:
4366:
4356:
4333:
4323:
4298:
4290:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4227:
4194:
4171:
4168:"government"
4158:
4086:
4077:
4070:. Retrieved
4050:
4042:
4023:
4017:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3968:
3964:
3955:
3941:
3935:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3865:
3855:
3835:
3828:
3820:
3815:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3775:
3762:
3743:
3737:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3693:
3687:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3624:
3617:
3574:
3537:
3530:
3502:
3462:
3455:
3439:. CQ Press.
3436:
3430:
3416:
3405:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3300:
3261:
3254:
3230:
3223:
3199:
3192:
3168:
3161:
3137:
3130:
3106:
3099:
3071:
3064:
3045:
3030:
3025:
3006:
2994:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2958:
2949:
2883:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2755:body politic
2749:
2711:Puppet state
2666:
2658:
2649:
2637:
2628:
2619:
2604:
2601:Failed state
2585:
2545:
2520:
2509:
2496:
2474:
2456:
2453:
2438:
2413:
2397:
2374:
2368:
2357:nation state
2340:
2325:
2314:
2305:
2286:
2261:
2249:
2242:
2236:
2222:
2191:
2173:
2163:
2143:
2113:
2106:
2088:
2039:
2036:Elite theory
2016:
2012:
2009:Modern state
2000:
1984:argue that "
1978:Jane Burbank
1967:
1956:
1952:Edmund Burke
1949:
1942:
1926:nation state
1919:
1904:Constitution
1894:Modern state
1876:
1861:
1848:Feudal state
1815:
1811:
1750:architecture
1725:, full-time
1715:civilization
1709:
1682:
1659:
1648:
1627:
1616:
1608:
1600:inequalities
1593:
1546:
1539:
1535:civilization
1529:and much of
1499:modern times
1472:
1461:social class
1449:
1416:coat of arms
1380:
1370:
1342:
1339:
1335:nation state
1328:
1319:nation-state
1312:
1309:Nation state
1297:
1285:
1238:Vatican City
1219:
1213:
1186:Soviet Union
1171:
1124:
1099:
1079:
1061:Michael Mann
1058:
1045:
1037:
1030:
1021:public goods
1017:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1000:Distribution
999:
994:Adjudication
993:
987:
981:
976:State making
975:
969:
963:
954:
951:
947:
932:
922:There is no
921:
887:
886:(especially
881:
876:rei publicae
873:
859:
840:
838:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
812:in Italian,
809:
801:
799:
767:
743:nation state
735:divine right
732:
712:institutions
698:For most of
697:
658:
633:
631:
473:
326:street-level
201:Presidential
161:Dictatorship
31:Part of the
25:
9593:(1835–1840)
9473:(c. 350 BC)
9463:(c. 375 BC)
9080:Tocqueville
9045:Saint-Simon
9010:Montesquieu
8861:Bolingbroke
8793:Machiavelli
8673:Ibn Khaldun
8638:Alpharabius
8631:Middle Ages
8456:Natural law
8431:Common good
8356:Nationalism
8316:Imperialism
8286:Corporatism
8261:Colonialism
8241:Agrarianism
8220:Technocracy
8200:Meritocracy
8180:Bureaucracy
8170:Aristocracy
7898:Quasi-state
7265:"The State"
7187:"The state"
6654:19 November
6626:pp. 119–120
5741:j.ctv3znwvg
5281:: 175–198.
5022:"Neolithic"
4260:: 260–266.
4072:14 February
2716:Rule of law
2645:bureaucracy
2551:), such as
2420:neo-Marxist
2409:biopolitics
2370:jus gentium
2293:Robert Dahl
2244:bourgeoisie
2213:about which
2166:competition
2079: 1911
2032:Corporatism
1938:nationalism
1908:Corporation
1900:Bureaucracy
1879:Standestaat
1858:Middle Ages
1830:citizenship
1758:mathematics
1711:Mesopotamia
1694:Mesopotamia
1655:agriculture
1649:During the
1566:uncontacted
1523:agriculture
1491:Mesoamerica
1479:Mesopotamia
1453:Agriculture
1374:spoke of a
1292:bureaucracy
1234:city-states
1215:res publica
1177:character (
1157:. (Compare
1135:sovereignty
939:centralized
884:Machiavelli
851: 1200
820:in French,
751:sovereignty
716:centralised
714:leading to
465:Sovereignty
430:Legislature
333:Technocracy
321:Bureaucracy
186:Meritocracy
166:Directorial
9851:Categories
9801:Separatism
9609:On Liberty
9509:The Prince
9238:Huntington
8741:Campanella
8668:al-Ghazali
8617:Thucydides
8575:Lactantius
8520:Statolatry
8346:Monarchism
8326:Liberalism
8251:Capitalism
8234:Ideologies
8215:Plutocracy
8163:Government
8119:Revolution
8104:Propaganda
8054:Legitimacy
8029:Government
7923:Rump state
7873:Federation
7843:City-state
5888:Revelation
5558:1148616089
4765:2077/57593
4751:: 101404.
4569:Governance
3753:063119780X
3729:A112449190
3644:1148616089
3557:1148616089
3522:1148616089
3482:1148616089
3397:1303256827
2737:References
2731:Warlordism
2557:Jean Bodin
2425:structural
2418:, a Greek
2288:Pluralists
2281:See also:
2118:, such as
2042:capitalism
2030:See also:
1930:ethnically
1898:See also:
1888:absolutist
1852:See also:
1791:See also:
1747:monumental
1692:See also:
1674:stratified
1630:the state.
1611:Tim Ingold
1527:prehistory
1493:, and the
1403:See also:
1392:regulatory
1364:, and the
1307:See also:
1288:government
1282:Government
1280:See also:
1155:federation
1025:Adam Smith
1006:Production
988:Extraction
982:Protection
970:War making
918:Definition
889:The Prince
855:Old French
853:both from
708:stratified
700:prehistory
681:federation
654:Government
646:population
555:Governance
545:Government
540:Federalism
141:City-state
9519:Leviathan
9499:Monarchia
9493:(c. 1274)
9328:Oakeshott
9273:Mansfield
9268:Luxemburg
9253:Kropotkin
9148:Bernstein
9101:centuries
9015:Nietzsche
8958:Jefferson
8886:Condorcet
8834:centuries
8813:Pufendorf
8678:Marsilius
8565:Confucius
8550:Aristotle
8543:Antiquity
8471:Noble lie
8391:Third Way
8386:Socialism
8311:Feudalism
8266:Communism
8246:Anarchism
8225:Theocracy
8210:Oligarchy
8190:Democracy
8175:Autocracy
8089:Pluralism
8074:Obedience
8039:Hierarchy
7999:Authority
7815:Types of
7636:. Verso.
7612:The state
6706:169439235
6472:653123044
6153:pp. 47–48
5673:145637947
5424:250022526
5295:235847848
4842:134526725
4637:158193062
4282:261197955
4151:Dubrovnik
4119:Frankfurt
3927:143853058
3679:154734299
3609:153680512
3389:772703025
3362:153804691
3319:800588734
2661:countries
2521:Leviathan
2498:Leviathan
2385:Democracy
2348:anarchist
2336:genealogy
2301:polyarchy
2283:Polyarchy
2277:Pluralism
2263:Gramsci's
2158:secession
2090:Anarchism
2059:Anarchism
1864:feudalism
1854:Feudalism
1651:Neolithic
1641:Neolithic
1517:based on
1503:stateless
1258:Gibraltar
1254:Hong Kong
1246:Singapore
1190:autocracy
1131:sovereign
935:Max Weber
928:phenomena
912:Louis XIV
862:Roman law
800:The word
796:Etymology
770:Max Weber
763:recognize
650:territory
648:within a
638:political
535:Unitarism
523:Elections
511:Subseries
440:Judiciary
435:Executive
338:Adhocracy
221:Theocracy
176:Feudalism
156:Democracy
9774:Centrism
9469:Politics
9459:Republic
9428:Voegelin
9408:Spengler
9393:Shariati
9368:Rothbard
9323:Nussbaum
9223:Habermas
9198:Fukuyama
9188:Foucault
9113:Ambedkar
9090:Voltaire
9060:de Staël
9035:Rousseau
8916:Franklin
8891:Constant
8851:Beccaria
8683:Muhammad
8663:Gelasius
8648:Averroes
8622:Xenophon
8602:Polybius
8555:Chanakya
8400:Concepts
8366:Populism
8336:Localism
8321:Islamism
8306:Feminism
8205:Monarchy
8109:Property
8099:Progress
8064:Monopoly
8034:Hegemony
7918:Republic
7908:Politeia
7838:Chiefdom
7485:. Sage.
6803:Archived
6772:Archived
6741:Archived
6692:(1): 3.
6629:Archived
6610:Archived
6591:Archived
6565:Archived
6439:Archived
6406:Archived
6373:Archived
6340:Archived
6276:Archived
6245:Archived
6214:Archived
6156:Archived
6137:Archived
6111:Archived
6069:Archived
6031:Archived
6012:41560283
5921:Archived
5903:(1988).
5882:(2010).
5866:Archived
5835:Archived
5623:17 March
5599:22432480
5512:Archived
5483:Archived
5474:Archived
5441:Archived
5416:35749491
5359:Archived
5328:Archived
5251:Archived
5218:Archived
5158:Archived
5125:Archived
5090:Archived
5073:Archived
5040:Archived
5007:Archived
4947:20385804
4800:29671869
4696:11536431
4688:17820299
4584:Archived
4518:Archived
4445:Archived
4412:Archived
4381:Archived
4348:Archived
4274:24360940
4236:Archived
4203:Archived
4186:Archived
4127:Florence
4103:Novgorod
4095:Carthage
4066:Archived
3721:24562462
3393:ProQuest
3246:Archived
3215:Archived
3184:Archived
3153:Archived
3122:Archived
3053:Archived
3038:Archived
3015:Archived
3012:pp.57–58
2939:Archived
2880:10075481
2845:29892345
2680:See also
2405:biopower
2267:hegemony
2147:such as
2114:Various
2070:poster "
1922:national
1824:and the
1766:literate
1613:writes:
1349:hegemony
1230:republic
1198:ideology
1179:Habsburg
1139:hegemony
689:province
644:and the
563:Ideology
381:doctrine
342:Service
206:Republic
191:Monarchy
171:Federacy
60:Category
40:Politics
9811:Statism
9724:Elitism
9682:Related
9483:(51 BC)
9413:Strauss
9388:Scruton
9383:Schmitt
9373:Russell
9293:Michels
9288:Maurras
9283:Marcuse
9243:Kautsky
9213:Gramsci
9208:Gentile
9178:Dworkin
9168:Du Bois
9163:Dmowski
9158:Chomsky
9153:Burnham
9138:Benoist
9108:Agamben
9075:Thoreau
9065:Stirner
9055:Spencer
9000:Mazzini
8990:Maistre
8985:Madison
8980:Le Play
8911:Fourier
8876:Carlyle
8856:Bentham
8846:Bastiat
8841:Bakunin
8818:Spinoza
8808:MĂĽntzer
8778:Leibniz
8751:Grotius
8731:Bossuet
8698:Plethon
8643:Aquinas
8612:Sun Tzu
8580:Mencius
8570:Han Fei
8341:Marxism
8301:Fascism
8134:Society
8059:Liberty
8044:Justice
8024:Freedom
7938:Warlord
7883:Kingdom
7878:Khanate
5480:pp. 54-
5407:9232109
5386:Bibcode
4938:2867764
4680:1729765
4660:Bibcode
4652:Science
4111:Hamburg
3919:2778891
3354:2538753
2836:5990841
2815:Bibcode
2721:Statism
2640:Samuels
2611:Samuels
2376:civitas
2344:Marxist
2229:economy
2227:of the
2126:as the
2102:anarchy
1890:state.
1840:with a
1762:science
1739:kinship
1731:capital
1678:monarch
1628:against
1550:nomadic
1519:herding
1457:writing
1446:History
1362:schools
1202:fascist
874:status
782:society
755:ingroup
661:country
642:society
568:Culture
478:Country
136:Anarchy
50:Outline
9673:(1992)
9663:(1971)
9653:(1951)
9643:(1945)
9633:(1944)
9623:(1929)
9613:(1859)
9603:(1848)
9583:(1820)
9573:(1791)
9563:(1790)
9553:(1762)
9543:(1748)
9533:(1689)
9523:(1651)
9513:(1532)
9503:(1313)
9433:Walzer
9423:Taylor
9378:Sartre
9343:Popper
9338:Pareto
9333:Ortega
9318:Nozick
9308:Mouffe
9258:Laclau
9218:Guénon
9203:Gandhi
9143:Berlin
9133:Bauman
9128:Badiou
9118:Arendt
9085:Tucker
8975:Le Bon
8936:Herder
8926:Haller
8921:Godwin
8906:Fichte
8901:Engels
8896:Cortés
8866:Bonald
8823:Suárez
8798:Milton
8788:Luther
8761:Hobbes
8746:Filmer
8736:Calvin
8721:Boétie
8714:period
8693:Ockham
8560:Cicero
8361:Nazism
8149:Utopia
8124:Rights
8114:Regime
8084:People
8069:Nation
7868:Empire
7724:
7705:
7684:
7661:
7640:
7619:
7598:
7575:
7554:
7533:
7510:
7489:
7468:
7447:
7426:
7405:
7361:
7340:
7319:
7296:
7275:
7252:
7220:
7197:
7174:
7151:
7130:
7109:
7088:
7067:
7046:
7025:
7002:
6981:
6960:
6937:
6916:
6893:
6795:
6764:
6733:
6704:
6557:
6470:
6460:
6431:
6398:
6365:
6332:
6305:
6268:
6237:
6206:
6179:
6103:
6010:
5951:
5913:
5858:
5827:
5800:
5764:
5739:
5729:
5671:
5597:
5556:
5546:
5522:
5466:
5422:
5414:
5404:
5351:
5320:
5293:
5243:
5210:
5181:
5150:
5117:
5065:
5032:
4999:
4970:
4945:
4935:
4892:
4863:
4840:
4798:
4694:
4686:
4678:
4635:
4627:
4617:
4576:
4549:
4497:
4468:
4437:
4404:
4373:
4340:
4311:
4280:
4272:
4178:
4143:Danzig
4139:Venice
4123:LĂĽbeck
4115:Bremen
4091:Athens
4058:
4030:
3998:(also
3975:
3948:
3925:
3917:
3880:
3843:
3750:
3727:
3719:
3677:
3642:
3632:
3607:
3597:
3555:
3545:
3520:
3510:
3480:
3470:
3443:
3395:
3387:
3360:
3352:
3317:
3307:
3269:
3238:
3207:
3176:
3145:
3114:
3087:
2878:
2843:
2833:
2764:church
2696:Colony
2669:Migdal
2361:police
2197:Engels
1934:nation
1914:, and
1872:vassal
1834:Athens
1723:cities
1704:, and
1507:planet
1468:quipus
1366:family
1358:church
1315:nation
1270:London
1244:, and
1242:Monaco
870:Cicero
830:status
826:status
814:estado
790:failed
774:polity
753:; any
693:region
528:voting
470:Polity
368:Policy
347:Public
261:theory
9822:Index
9451:Works
9438:Weber
9403:Spann
9398:Sorel
9363:Röpke
9358:Rawls
9313:Negri
9303:Mosca
9298:Mises
9263:Lenin
9233:Hoppe
9228:Hayek
9193:Fromm
9183:Evola
9173:Dugin
9070:Taine
9050:Smith
9030:Renan
9025:Paine
8946:Iqbal
8931:Hegel
8881:Comte
8871:Burke
8783:Locke
8773:James
8726:Bodin
8658:Dante
8653:Bruni
8607:Shang
8590:Plato
8144:State
8094:Power
8079:Peace
8014:Elite
7992:Terms
7863:Duchy
7817:state
7761:State
6702:S2CID
6607:p. 85
6588:p. 43
6134:p. 44
6066:p. 15
6008:JSTOR
5737:JSTOR
5669:S2CID
5595:S2CID
5438:p. 17
5420:S2CID
5291:S2CID
5087:p. 29
4838:S2CID
4818:(PDF)
4796:S2CID
4741:(PDF)
4692:S2CID
4676:JSTOR
4633:S2CID
4625:JSTOR
4515:p. 16
4278:S2CID
4270:JSTOR
4200:p. 25
4147:Fiume
4135:Genoa
4107:Pskov
4000:State
3957:State
3923:S2CID
3915:JSTOR
3717:JSTOR
3675:S2CID
3605:S2CID
3358:S2CID
3350:JSTOR
3050:p. 12
3035:p. 30
3000:p.134
2936:p. 54
2876:S2CID
2742:Notes
2233:class
2128:Beast
2100:, or
2092:is a
1743:trade
1495:Andes
1487:China
1483:India
1475:Egypt
1262:Ceuta
1196:, or
841:state
834:stare
822:Staat
810:stato
802:state
749:have
636:is a
634:state
551:forms
474:State
351:Civil
55:Index
21:State
9353:Rand
9348:Qutb
9248:Kirk
9123:Aron
9040:Sade
9020:Owen
9005:Mill
8995:Marx
8963:Kant
8941:Hume
8803:More
8703:Wang
8585:Mozi
8009:Duty
7722:ISBN
7703:ISBN
7682:ISBN
7659:ISBN
7638:ISBN
7617:ISBN
7596:ISBN
7573:ISBN
7552:ISBN
7531:ISBN
7508:ISBN
7487:ISBN
7466:ISBN
7445:ISBN
7424:ISBN
7403:ISBN
7359:ISBN
7338:ISBN
7317:ISBN
7294:ISBN
7273:ISBN
7250:ISBN
7218:ISBN
7195:ISBN
7172:ISBN
7149:ISBN
7128:ISBN
7107:ISBN
7086:ISBN
7065:ISBN
7044:ISBN
7023:ISBN
7000:ISBN
6979:ISBN
6958:ISBN
6935:ISBN
6914:ISBN
6891:ISBN
6793:ISBN
6762:ISBN
6731:ISBN
6656:2020
6555:ISBN
6468:OCLC
6458:ISBN
6429:ISBN
6396:ISBN
6363:ISBN
6330:ISBN
6303:ISBN
6266:ISBN
6235:ISBN
6204:ISBN
6177:ISBN
6101:ISBN
5949:ISBN
5911:ISBN
5856:ISBN
5825:ISBN
5798:ISBN
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