582:
3394:
3411:
1436:"Some scholars argue that deficient democracies and deficient autocracies can be seen as examples of hybrid regimes, whereas others argue that hybrid regimes combine characteristics of both democratic and autocratic regimes." Scholars also debate if these regimes are in transition or are inherently a stable political system.
709:, "A political system can be designated as the interactions through which values are authoritatively allocated for a society". Political system refers broadly to the process by which laws are made and public resources allocated in a society, and to the relationships among those involved in making these decisions.
815:
Leagues are international organizations composed of states coming together for a single common purpose. In this way, leagues are different from empires, as they only seek to fulfill a single goal. Often leagues are formed on the brink of a military or economic downfall. Meetings and hearings are
806:
Empires are widespread states consisting of people of different ethnicities under a single rule. Empires - such as the Romans, or
British - often made considerable progress in ways of political structures, creating and building city infrastructures, and maintaining civility within the diverse
2046:
Political scientists have outlined elaborated typologies of authoritarianism, from which it is not easy to draw a generally accepted definition; it seems that its main features are the non-acceptance of conflict and plurality as normal elements of politics, the will to preserve the
666:, and other state and government specific systems. However, this is a very simplified view of a much more complex system of categories involving the questions of who should have authority and what the government influence on its people and economy should be.
1586:
2051:
and prevent change by keeping all political dynamics under close control by a strong central power, and lastly, the erosion of the rule of law, the division of powers, and democratic voting procedures.
1590:
833:
The sociological interest in political systems is figuring out who holds power within the relationship between the government and its people and how the government’s power is used. According to
717:
Social anthropologists generally recognize several kinds of political systems, often differentiating between ones that they consider uncentralized and ones they consider centralized.
3107:
1209:. Although these regimes experience civil unrest, they may be relatively stable and tenacious for decades at a time. There has been a rise in hybrid regimes since the end of the
3136:
1031:, who also controls the national politics and the peoples of the nation with continual propaganda campaigns that are broadcast by state-controlled and by friendly private
927:
of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitive elections while more expansive definitions link democracy to guarantees of
1636:
1988:
784:
A sovereign state is a state with a permanent population, a defined territory, a government and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states.
1140:, though not inherent to monarchies, often function as the pool of persons from which the monarch is chosen, and to fill the constituting institutions (e.g.
2533:
1007:
that prohibits opposition political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and controls the
669:
Along with a basic sociological and socio-anthropological classification, political systems can be classified on a social-cultural axis relative to the
2358:
1239:, a transition to authoritarianism is the most prevalent basis of hybrid regimes. Some scholars also contend that hybrid regimes may imitate a full
970:. Political scientists have created many typologies describing variations of authoritarian forms of government. Authoritarian regimes may be either
2949:
2562:
807:
communities. Because of the intricate organization of the empires, they were often able to hold a large majority of power on a universal level.
2082:
Lai, Brian; Slater, Dan (2006). "Institutions of the
Offensive: Domestic Sources of Dispute Initiation in Authoritarian Regimes, 1950–1992".
3099:
986:. States that have a blurred boundary between democracy and authoritarianism have some times been characterized as "hybrid democracies", "
3356:
3286:
2987:
2739:
2919:
610:
1810:
1637:
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/sociology-and-social-reform/sociology-general-terms-and-concepts/political-system
729:
Small family group, no larger than an extended family or clan; it has been defined as consisting of no more than 30 to 50 individuals.
2118:
796:
Supranational political systems are created by independent nations to reach a common goal or gain strength from forming an alliance.
2068:
3128:
1396:. Such terms include: competitive authoritarianism, semi-authoritarianism, hybrid authoritarianism, electoral authoritarianism,
2973:
Comparing autocracies in the early Twenty-first
Century: Volume 1: Unpacking Autocracies - Explaining Similarity and Difference
1313:, in which the economic and political system is designed to work in their interests collectively as a class, over those of the
774:"An autonomous political unit comprising a number of villages or communities under the permanent control of a paramount chief"
3324:
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3253:
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2013:
1943:
1849:
1749:
1728:
1701:
1674:
1562:
1524:
1482:
1231:(elections do not lead to a change of power, different media broadcast the government point of view and the opposition in
3382:
1357:
1960:
3342:
2777:
2494:
478:
2652:
2623:
2456:
84:
3359:". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 02 Dec. 2012.
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2256:
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Generally larger, consisting of many families. Tribes have more social institutions, such as a chief or elders.
603:
473:
251:
99:
1327:
893:
488:
2481:. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 258–266.
2510:
1024:
237:
69:
40:
2350:
828:
541:
3214:
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1083:
3436:
2588:"Regime-Hybridity in Developing Countries: Achievements and Limitations of New Research on Transitions"
2300:
74:
45:
2554:
596:
201:
1129:
316:
206:
3245:
2884:
2413:"Courts between Democracy and Hybrid Authoritarianism: Evidence from the Venezuelan Supreme Court"
1669:. New Directions in Archaeology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 37–79.
1290:
1253:
1087:
246:
2377:
2375:
1765:"Totalitarian and Authoritarian Dictators: A Comparison of Fidel Castro and Alfredo Stroessner"
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1228:
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2003:
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as a standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three. Scholars generally refer to a
2909:
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1718:
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1662:
1472:
1178:
983:
979:
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686:
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136:
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1227:. Modern scholarly analysis of hybrid regimes focuses attention on the decorative nature of
762:
More complex than a tribe or a band society, and less complex than a state or a civilization
1401:
1202:
1194:
959:
846:
682:
677:, where the spectrum is represented as a continuum between political systems recognized as
413:
284:
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8:
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525:
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289:
191:
141:
79:
2675:"Political Participation and Regime Stability: A Framework for Analyzing Hybrid Regimes"
1235:
votes the same way as the ruling party, among others), from which it is concluded that
3188:
3081:
3038:
2824:
2704:
2615:
2504:
2448:
2440:
2201:"Lost in the Gray Zone: Competing Measures of Democracy in the Former Soviet Republics"
2181:
2099:
1792:
1784:
874:
563:
156:
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3320:
3276:
3249:
3192:
3180:
3073:
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2828:
2816:
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2773:
2729:
2708:
2696:
2607:
2603:
2490:
2452:
2432:
2428:
2336:
2252:
2226:
2216:
2185:
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2132:
2095:
2019:
2009:
1980:
1939:
1914:
1845:
1796:
1724:
1697:
1670:
1619:
1568:
1558:
1530:
1520:
1478:
1458:"Political system | Types, Components, Functions, & Facts | Britannica"
1397:
1133:
1125:
1095:
1016:
816:
conducted in a neutral location with representatives of all involved nations present.
697:
may be also included as a standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three.
624:
558:
232:
94:
89:
50:
23:
1841:
1550:
1510:
1457:
838:
3241:
3170:
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2482:
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2332:
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2165:
2124:
2091:
1972:
1906:
1837:
1776:
1409:
1020:
941:
768:
A single lineage/family of the elite class becomes the ruling elite of the chiefdom
508:
264:
2382:
2065:
Dictators and
Dictatorships: Understanding Authoritarian Regimes and Their Leaders
1219:
arises from a polymorphic view of political regimes that opposes the dichotomy of
3056:
Levitsky, Steven; Way, Lucan (2002). "The Rise of
Competitive Authoritarianism".
2244:
2212:
1933:
1162:
1141:
1000:
963:
928:
916:
779:
663:
655:
586:
568:
393:
378:
2802:
1717:
Allan Todd; Sally Waller (10 September 2015). Allan Todd; Sally Waller (eds.).
1413:
1189:
one (or vice versa). Hybrid regimes are categorized as having a combination of
1012:
987:
854:
690:
670:
640:
464:
383:
337:
279:
3010:
2769:
2486:
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3430:
3184:
3092:
3077:
3034:
2820:
2700:
2691:
2674:
2611:
2436:
2177:
2128:
2123:. Problems of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1984:
1918:
1910:
1865:
1623:
1369:
1319:
1182:
1174:
1063:
1051:
1008:
1004:
674:
659:
388:
366:
341:
171:
2296:
2272:
1894:
1551:
Ginny Garcia-Alexander; Hyeyoung Woo; Matthew J. Carlson (3 November 2017).
1086:
and authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (
3275:. Comparative Government and Politics. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 222.
3175:
3158:
2200:
1388:
Scholars use a variety of terms to encompass the "grey zones" between full
1270:
1258:
1240:
1071:
862:
724:
706:
651:
151:
3069:
3026:
2581:
2579:
2169:
1976:
1615:
The political system : an inquiry into the state of political science
1293:
of that society, and its repercussions implicated thereof, as the society
3049:
2644:
2547:
2306:
1393:
1389:
1335:
1314:
1306:
1206:
1177:
is a type of political system often created as a result of an incomplete
1145:
1103:
967:
842:
678:
455:
420:
323:
311:
176:
3159:"What Do We Know about Hybrid Regimes after Two Decades of Scholarship?"
2753:
2725:
Shaping the
Developing World: The West, the South, and the Natural World
2619:
2444:
2404:
1866:"Democracy | Definition, History, Meaning, Types, Examples, & Facts"
581:
2587:
2576:
2412:
2103:
1302:
1232:
1190:
1067:
1032:
975:
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950:
924:
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858:
822:
694:
647:
545:
535:
530:
269:
131:
2835:
1788:
1764:
1720:
History for the IB Diploma Paper 2 Authoritarian States (20th
Century)
771:
Complex chiefdoms have two or even three tiers of political hierarchy.
765:
Characterized by pervasive inequality and centralization of authority.
3229:
2153:
1613:
1265:
analysed that the political systems of "all" state-societies are the
1262:
1224:
1220:
1186:
1149:
1107:
1091:
955:
880:
430:
328:
211:
166:
146:
3236:
Schedler, Andreas (Aug 1, 2013). "Shaping the
Authoritarian Arena".
3150:
2868:
2470:
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Power, Politics, and
Society: An Introduction to Political Sociology
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1210:
1198:
1079:
1075:
1047:
1028:
757:
553:
513:
196:
181:
161:
30:
745:
More permanent than bands. Many tribes are sub-divided into bands.
3262:
3100:"Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War"
2666:
2042:
Conceptualizing
Politics: An Introduction to Political Philosophy
1326:
Marx devised this theory by adapting his forerunner-contemporary
1121:
1070:, usually a hereditary position acquired by some form of nominal
1055:
636:
468:
126:
3199:
2786:
2205:
Ranking the World: Grading States as a Tool of Global Governance
1546:
1544:
2969:
2715:
2120:
Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War
1352:
920:
801:
518:
460:
358:
2970:
Croissant, A.; Kailitz, S.; Koellner, P.; Wurster, S. (2015).
2844:
The Handbook of Political, Social, and Economic Transformation
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Dahl, Robert A.; Shapiro, Ian; Cheibub, Jose Antonio (2003).
1541:
1247:
1059:
737:
3011:"The Surprising Instability of Competitive Authoritarianism"
2237:
2154:"Elections Without Democracy: Thinking About Hybrid Regimes"
1737:
948:, the use of strong central power to preserve the political
635:
that can be observed, recognised or otherwise declared by a
2517:
2342:
2320:
2273:"Monarchy | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica"
2035:
2033:
1298:
898:
834:
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2918:] (in Russian). Kharkiv: ХГУ НУА. pp. 62–65/164.
2637:
2075:
1193:
features with democratic ones and can simultaneously hold
732:
A band can cease to exist if only a small group walks out.
1995:
1305:
societies, this characterises as the dictatorship of the
865:
as either a form of authoritarianism or totalitarianism.
2030:
2005:
A Functional Theory of Government, Law, and Institutions
944:
is a political system characterized by the rejection of
2933:
2764:. Cambridge University Press. 2018. pp. 129–153.
1716:
1554:
Social Foundations of Behavior for the Health Sciences
931:
and human rights in addition to competitive elections.
841:
there a three main types of political systems today:
3373:
at Governance and Social Development Resource Centre
2901:
2479:
21st Century Political Science: A Reference Handbook
823:
Western socio-cultural paradigmatic-centric analysis
3121:
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2877:Changes for DemocracyActors, Structures, Processes
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2477:Göbel, Christian (2011). "Semiauthoritarianism".
1959:Møller, Jørgen; Skaaning, Svend-Erik (Jan 2013).
1464:
1289:other class being, in essence, determined by the
857:). Another modern classification system includes
650:decisions. It usually comprizes the governmental
3428:
1803:
2760:"Why Parties and Elections in Dictatorships?".
1888:
1886:
1689:
1665:. In Jones, Grant D.; Kautz, Robert R. (eds.).
1136:) have also often occurred throughout history.
3207:"Home - IDEA Global State of Democracy Report"
2944:[The kingdom of political imitation].
2793:Riaz, Ali (2019). "What is a Hybrid Regime?".
2383:"Hybrid Concepts and the Concept of Hybridity"
1958:
1748:sfn error: no target: CITEREFEzrowFrantz2011 (
1710:
1611:
1509:
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1503:
1501:
2846:. Oxford University Press. pp. 521–525.
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
604:
1883:
1831:
1723:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 10–.
1667:The Transition to Statehood in the New World
3350:The Real World An Introduction to Sociology
3240:. Oxford University Press. pp. 54–75.
3055:
2879:. Oxford University Press. pp. 48–69.
2116:
2062:
2008:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 161–.
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1743:
1498:
646:It defines the process for making official
2530:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
2387:European Consortium for Political Research
1892:
1683:
1423:
1248:Marxist/Dialectical materialistic analysis
611:
597:
3246:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680320.003.0003
3174:
3008:
2939:
2907:
2885:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572533.003.0004
2690:
2410:
2081:
2063:Ezrow, Natasha M.; Frantz, Erica (2011).
1019:, totalitarianism is the extreme form of
3335:Comparative Politics Today: A World View
3235:
2585:
2523:
2348:
2243:
2198:
2117:Levitsky, Steven; Way, Lucan A. (2010).
1961:"Regime Types and Democratic Sequencing"
1690:Jonathan Michie, ed. (3 February 2014).
1660:
1519:. Lynne Rienner Publisher. p. 143.
1205:with abundant natural resources such as
990:" or "competitive authoritarian" states.
3268:
2940:Schulmann, Ekaterina (15 August 2014).
2874:
2841:
2207:. Cambridge University Press: 112–150.
2151:
2039:
1762:
1756:
1470:
1201:. Hybrid regimes are commonly found in
712:
3429:
2679:International Political Science Review
1991:from the original on 22 February 2024.
1663:"The Chiefdom: Precursor of the State"
1516:Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes
3289:from the original on December 9, 2022
3156:
2990:from the original on December 9, 2022
2976:. Taylor & Francis. p. 212.
2721:
2672:
2476:
2327:Gagné, Jean-François (Mar 10, 2015),
2326:
2084:American Journal of Political Science
1834:The Encyclopedia of Political Thought
1693:Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences
1382:
3383:
2792:
2297:"The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth"
2001:
1477:. Taylor & Francis. p. 47.
978:and may be based upon the rule of a
3313:Douglas V. Verney (15 April 2013).
2411:Urribarri, Raul A. Sanchez (2011).
1358:Systems theory in political science
935:
13:
3305:
3217:from the original on April 4, 2023
2852:10.1093/oso/9780198829911.003.0053
14:
3453:
3364:
3316:The Analysis of Political Systems
2331:, Oxford University Press (OUP),
1895:"Who Decides What Is Democratic?"
1769:Journal of Latin American Studies
1587:"14.2 Types of Political Systems"
479:Biology and political orientation
16:System of politics and government
3409:
3392:
3371:Topic guide on political systems
2604:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00850.x
2429:10.1111/j.1747-4469.2011.01253.x
2349:Plattner, Marc F. (1969-12-31).
2249:Reflections on a Ravaged Century
2096:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00173.x
849:and, sitting between these two,
685:and, sitting between these two,
580:
3348:Ferris, Kerry, and Jill Stein.
3139:from the original on 2019-07-29
3110:from the original on 2023-04-06
3104:Department of Political Science
3009:Carothers, Christopher (2018).
3002:
2952:from the original on 2019-07-30
2942:"Царство политической имитации"
2922:from the original on 2023-04-22
2742:from the original on 2023-04-23
2655:from the original on 2022-11-21
2626:from the original on 2022-11-16
2565:from the original on 2023-04-05
2536:from the original on 2023-04-06
2524:Tlemcani, Rachid (2007-05-29).
2459:from the original on 2022-11-16
2393:from the original on 2023-04-06
2361:from the original on 2023-04-06
2289:
2265:
2192:
2145:
2110:
1952:
1925:
1858:
1842:10.1002/9781118474396.wbept0248
1825:
994:
792:Supranational political systems
3157:Mufti, Mariam (Jun 22, 2018).
2337:10.1093/obo/9780199756223-0167
1654:
1641:
1630:
1605:
1589:. 8 April 2016. Archived from
1579:
1450:
474:Theories of political behavior
100:Political history of the world
1:
1443:
1328:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
700:
489:Critique of political economy
2911:Политология: Учебное пособие
2592:International Studies Review
2526:"Electoral Authoritarianism"
2213:10.1017/CBO9781316161555.006
1661:Carneiro, Robert L. (2011).
1132:monarchies (in the sense of
1116:of monarchs has mostly been
1015:of society. In the field of
1003:is a political system and a
899:
868:
70:Outline of political science
7:
3333:Almond, Gabriel A., et al.
3238:The Politics of Uncertainty
2916:Political Science: Textbook
2803:10.1007/978-981-13-7956-7_2
2555:"What is Hybrid Democracy?"
1649:Anthropology: Tenth Edition
1557:. Springer. pp. 137–.
1341:
1039:
829:List of forms of government
10:
3458:
3064:(2). Project Muse: 51–65.
2586:Zinecker, Heidrun (2009).
2351:"Is Democracy in Decline?"
2251:. Norton. pp. 73–74.
1281:that of another one; with
1251:
1160:
1148:), giving many monarchies
888:
872:
826:
75:Index of politics articles
3337:(Seventh Edition). 2000.
3169:(2). Cogitatio: 112–119.
2908:Подлесный, Д. В. (2016).
2795:Voting in a Hybrid Regime
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2487:10.4135/9781412979351.n31
2044:. Routledge. p. 17.
1938:. MIT Press. p. 31.
1893:Przeworski, Adam (2024).
1813:. Oxford University Press
1781:10.1017/S0022216X00015868
1696:. Routledge. p. 95.
1156:
1033:mass communications media
2692:10.1177/0192512108097054
2509:: CS1 maint: location (
2417:Law & Social Inquiry
2129:10.1017/cbo9780511781353
1935:The Democracy Sourcebook
1911:10.1353/jod.2024.a930423
1651:. Wadsworth:Belmont, CA.
1375:
1261:German-born philosopher
3163:Politics and Governance
2199:Gunitsky, Seva (2015).
2152:Diamond, Larry (2002).
2040:Cerutti, Furio (2017).
1870:Encyclopædia Britannica
1763:Sondrol, P. C. (2009).
1744:Ezrow & Frantz 2011
1647:Haviland, W.A. (2003).
1612:Easton, David. (1971).
1420:, and hybrid democracy.
1416:, deficient democracy,
1297:through the passage of
1254:Dialectical materialism
1229:democratic institutions
1098:), and can span across
1088:constitutional monarchy
1054:in which a person, the
911:'rule') is a system of
753:Centralized governments
484:Political organisations
247:International relations
85:Politics by subdivision
3272:Non-Democratic Regimes
3176:10.17645/pag.v6i2.1400
2762:How Dictatorships Work
2673:Ekman, Joakim (2009).
2559:Digital Society School
2002:Kalu, Kalu N. (2019).
1471:Dobratz, B.A. (2015).
1334:into the framework of
1237:democratic backsliding
1167:Democratic backsliding
721:Uncentralized systems
633:political organization
3442:Political terminology
3070:10.1353/jod.2002.0026
3027:10.1353/jod.2018.0068
2728:. SAGE. p. 202.
2423:(4). Wiley: 854–884.
2170:10.1353/jod.2002.0025
1977:10.1353/jod.2013.0010
1195:political repressions
1179:democratic transition
1161:Further information:
1025:socio-political power
873:Further information:
851:authoritarian regimes
827:Further information:
687:authoritarian regimes
564:Political campaigning
304:Public administration
137:Collective leadership
3269:Brooker, P. (2013).
3058:Journal of Democracy
3015:Journal of Democracy
2158:Journal of Democracy
1965:Journal of Democracy
1899:Journal of Democracy
1402:delegative democracy
1332:notion of dialectics
1203:developing countries
1084:political legitimacy
960:separation of powers
954:, and reductions in
847:totalitarian regimes
713:Basic classification
689:, with a variety of
683:totalitarian regimes
414:Separation of powers
285:Political psychology
260:Comparative politics
238:political scientists
225:Academic disciplines
105:Political philosophy
2305:. 14 October 2021.
1418:defective democracy
1406:illiberal democracy
1364:Tractatus Politicus
1348:Political structure
1291:developmental level
946:political plurality
587:Politics portal
436:Election commission
407:Government branches
290:Political sociology
142:Confessional system
80:Politics by country
3211:International IDEA
2722:Baker, A. (2021).
2277:www.britannica.com
1593:on 22 October 2022
1134:monarchical states
1066:for life or until
1052:form of government
1005:form of government
925:general population
875:Types of democracy
631:means the form of
270:Political analysis
202:Semi-parliamentary
3437:Political systems
3326:978-1-135-03477-1
3282:978-1-137-38253-5
3255:978-0-19-968032-0
2983:978-1-317-70018-0
2894:978-0-19-957253-3
2861:978-0-19-882991-1
2812:978-981-13-7955-0
2735:978-1-0718-0709-5
2222:978-1-107-09813-8
2138:978-0-521-88252-1
2015:978-1-4985-8703-7
1945:978-0-262-54147-3
1851:978-1-4051-9129-6
1746:, pp. 14–17.
1730:978-1-107-55889-2
1703:978-1-135-93226-8
1676:978-0-521-17269-1
1564:978-3-319-64950-4
1526:978-1-55587-890-0
1484:978-1-317-34529-9
1398:liberal autocracy
1285:class oppressing
1120:, often building
1096:absolute monarchy
1017:political science
897:
673:prevalent in the
625:political science
621:
620:
569:Political parties
509:Electoral systems
233:Political science
207:Semi-presidential
119:Political systems
95:Political history
90:Political economy
3449:
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3129:"Hybrid Regimes"
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2598:(2). : 302–331.
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2245:Conquest, Robert
2241:
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2079:
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1956:
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1496:
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1468:
1462:
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1454:
1437:
1434:
1421:
1410:guided democracy
1386:
1311:capitalist class
1021:authoritarianism
942:Authoritarianism
936:Authoritarianism
902:
892:
890:
629:political system
613:
606:
599:
585:
584:
375:
320:
275:Political theory
265:Election science
255:
241:
19:
18:
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3404:from Wiktionary
3398:
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3384:sister projects
3381:at Knowledge's
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3306:Further reading
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1163:Democratization
1159:
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1130:self-proclaimed
1042:
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1001:Totalitarianism
997:
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964:civil liberties
938:
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929:civil liberties
877:
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780:Sovereign state
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664:cultural system
656:economic system
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3021:(4): 129–135.
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2651:. 2017-09-23.
2636:
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2561:. 2022-05-19.
2546:
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2389:. 2019-09-07.
2371:
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2329:Hybrid Regimes
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2090:(1): 113–126.
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1971:(1): 142–155.
1951:
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1775:(3): 599–620.
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839:Juan José Linz
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3319:. Routledge.
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2071:. p. 17.
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1271:social class
1267:dictatorship
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1259:19th-century
1257:
1241:dictatorship
1216:
1207:petro-states
1197:and regular
1185:regime to a
1172:
1090:), to fully
1072:divine right
1045:
995:Totalitarian
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863:dictatorship
832:
725:Band society
716:
707:David Easton
704:
668:
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628:
622:
317:street-level
192:Presidential
152:Dictatorship
118:
22:Part of the
3401:Definitions
2685:(1): 7–31.
2307:BBC Radio 4
2302:In Our Time
1905:(3): 5–16.
1836:: 851–862.
1817:24 February
1811:"Democracy"
1394:democracies
1390:autocracies
1336:materialism
1315:proletariat
1307:bourgeoisie
1138:Aristocrats
1124:. However,
1104:legislative
968:rule of law
917:state power
843:democracies
679:democracies
456:Sovereignty
421:Legislature
324:Technocracy
312:Bureaucracy
177:Meritocracy
157:Directorial
3431:Categories
3143:2019-08-13
3114:2022-11-16
2956:2019-08-13
2926:2019-08-13
2746:2023-04-23
2659:2022-11-21
2630:2022-11-18
2569:2022-11-16
2540:2022-11-16
2463:2022-11-16
2397:2022-11-18
2365:2022-12-27
2282:2023-02-28
2258:0393048187
2049:status quo
2024:1105988740
1876:2023-08-17
1597:19 October
1573:1013825392
1535:1172052725
1444:References
1303:capitalist
1295:progresses
1277:interests
1252:See also:
1233:parliament
1191:autocratic
1187:democratic
1150:oligarchic
1118:hereditary
1114:succession
1092:autocratic
1068:abdication
976:oligarchic
972:autocratic
966:, and the
951:status quo
921:the people
913:government
900:dēmokratía
889:δημοκρατία
859:monarchies
837:professor
701:Definition
695:monarchies
648:government
546:Governance
536:Government
531:Federalism
132:City-state
3193:158943827
3185:2183-2463
3078:1086-3214
3043:158234306
3035:1086-3214
2946:Ведомости
2829:198088445
2821:2523-8345
2709:145077481
2701:0192-5121
2612:1521-9488
2505:cite book
2453:232400805
2437:0897-6546
2355:kipdf.com
2186:154815836
2178:1086-3214
2069:Continuum
1985:1045-5736
1919:1086-3214
1797:144333167
1624:470276419
1618:. Knopf.
1392:and full
1263:Karl Marx
1225:democracy
1221:autocracy
1215:The term
1199:elections
1152:elements.
1122:dynasties
1110:domains.
1100:executive
1080:religious
956:democracy
915:in which
894:romanized
881:Democracy
869:Democracy
526:Unitarism
514:Elections
502:Subseries
431:Judiciary
426:Executive
329:Adhocracy
212:Theocracy
167:Feudalism
147:Democracy
3287:Archived
3215:Archived
3137:Archived
3108:Archived
2988:Archived
2950:Archived
2920:Archived
2740:Archived
2653:Archived
2624:Archived
2620:40389063
2563:Archived
2534:Archived
2457:Archived
2445:41349660
2391:Archived
2359:Archived
2312:29 March
2247:(1999).
1989:Archived
1513:(2000).
1342:See also
1211:Cold War
1181:from an
1126:elective
1108:judicial
1076:blessing
1048:monarchy
1040:Monarchy
1029:dictator
1011:and the
984:military
812:Leagues
758:Chiefdom
554:Ideology
372:doctrine
333:Service
197:Republic
182:Monarchy
162:Federacy
51:Category
31:Politics
3293:Nov 27,
3221:Nov 26,
3086:6711009
2994:Nov 27,
2649:Dem-Dec
2645:"Index"
2231:2506195
2104:3694260
1490:Apr 30,
1279:against
1269:of one
1056:monarch
982:or the
923:or the
896::
802:Empires
637:society
559:Culture
469:Country
127:Anarchy
41:Outline
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1353:Polity
1157:Hybrid
1106:, and
1060:reigns
909:kratos
883:(from
853:(with
693:; and
660:social
519:voting
461:Polity
359:Policy
338:Public
252:theory
3418:Media
3189:S2CID
3082:S2CID
3039:S2CID
2914:[
2825:S2CID
2705:S2CID
2616:JSTOR
2449:S2CID
2441:JSTOR
2182:S2CID
2100:JSTOR
1793:S2CID
1785:JSTOR
1376:Notes
1301:. In
1287:which
1283:which
1146:court
1078:, or
1050:is a
980:party
905:dēmos
738:Tribe
652:legal
641:state
542:forms
465:State
342:Civil
46:Index
3339:ISBN
3321:ISBN
3295:2022
3277:ISBN
3250:ISBN
3223:2022
3181:ISSN
3074:ISSN
3031:ISSN
2996:2022
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2227:SSRN
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2174:ISSN
2133:ISBN
2020:OCLC
2010:ISBN
1981:ISSN
1940:ISBN
1915:ISSN
1846:ISBN
1819:2021
1750:help
1725:ISBN
1698:ISBN
1671:ISBN
1620:OCLC
1599:2022
1569:OCLC
1559:ISBN
1531:OCLC
1521:ISBN
1492:2023
1479:ISBN
1299:time
1165:and
1144:and
1142:diet
1128:and
1112:The
835:Yale
662:and
654:and
627:, a
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3171:doi
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