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Political history

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diplomacy. The arrival in the 1960s and 1970s of a new interest in social history led to the emergence of the "new political history" which saw young scholars put much more emphasis on the voters' behavior and motivation, rather than just the politicians. It relied heavily on quantitative methods to integrate social themes, especially regarding ethnicity and religion. The new social science approach was a harbinger of the fading away of interest in Great Men. The eclipse of traditional political approaches during the 1970s was a major shock, though diplomatic history fell even further. It was upstaged by social history, with a race/class/gender model. The number of political articles submitted to the
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Readman (2009) discusses the historiography of British political history in the 20th century. He describes how British political scholarship mostly ignored 20th century history due to temporal proximity to the recent past, the unavailability of primary sources, and the potential for bias. The article
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Traditional political history focused on major leaders and had long played a dominant role beyond academic historians in the United States. These studies accounted for about 25% of the scholarly books and articles written by American historians before 1950, and about 33% into the 1960s, followed by
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From the 1970s onwards, new movements challenged traditional approaches to political history. The development of social history shifted the emphasis away from the study of leaders and national decisions, and towards the role of ordinary people, especially outsiders and minorities. Younger scholars
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and its political change and development. Some historians identify the growing trend towards narrow specialization in political history during recent decades: "while a college professor in the 1940s sought to identify himself as a "historian", by the 1950s "American historian" was the designation."
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From approximately the 1960s onwards, the rise of competing subdisciplines, particularly social history and cultural history, led to a decline in the prominence of "traditional" political history, which tended to focus on the activities of political elites. In the two decades from 1975 to 1995, the
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wrote, "the status of the political historians within the profession has sunk to somewhere between that of a faith healer and a chiropractor. Political historians were all right in a way, but you might not want to bring one home to meet the family." Others were more analytical, as when Hugh Davis
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July 2009, Vol. 21 Issue 3, pp. 282–297; discusses political historians such as Silvio Lanaro, Aurelio Lepre, and Nicola Tranfaglia, and studies of Fascism, the Italian Communist party, the role of the Christian Democrats in Italian society, and the development of the Italian parliamentary
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fell by half from 33% to 15%. Patterson argued that contemporary events, especially the Vietnam War and Watergate, alienated younger scholars away from the study of politicians and their deeds. Political history never disappeared, but it never recovered its dominance among scholars, despite its
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MaxRange is a dataset defining level of democracy and institutional structure (regime-type) on a 100-graded scale where every value represents a unique regimetype. Values are sorted from 1-100 based on level of democracy and political accountability. MaxRange defines the value (regimetype)
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had already put an emphasis on the role of geography and economics on history, and of the importance of broad, slow cycles rather than the constant apparent movement of the "history of events" of high politics. It downplayed politics and diplomacy. The most important work of the
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explores how transitions in scholarship have allowed for greater interest in 20th century history among scholars, which include less reliance on archival sources, methodological changes in historiography, and the flourishing of new forms of history such as oral history.
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data is a project that defines and shows in detail the political status and development of institutional regimes of all states in the world from 1789. MaxRange also describes the background, development, external sources and major causes behind all political
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In the 1960s and 1970s, an increasing emphasis on giving a voice to the voiceless and writing the history of the underclasses, whether by using the quantitative statistical methods of social history or the more postmodern assessments of
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as a force for historical change. One author asserts that "political history as a whole cannot exist without the study of ideological differences and their implications." Studies of political history typically centre around a single
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shifted to different issues, usually focused on race, class and gender, with little room for elites. After 1990 social history itself began to fade, replaced with postmodern and cultural approaches that rejected grand narrative.
814:, also undermined the centrality of politics to the historical discipline. Leff noted how social historians, "disdained political history as elitist, shallow, altogether passe, and irrelevant to the drama of everyday lives." 3393: 1135: 947: 3635: 1370:, published three times a year. It contains a lot of information about French political history, including about 900 references of scholarly political history studies and a bibliography of parliamentary history. 4398: 2984: 5117: 787:, contains a traditional Rankean diplomatic history of Philip II's Mediterranean policy, but only as the third and shortest section of a work largely focusing on the broad cycles of history in the 4554: 4194: 3663: 1182: 4594: 2781: 1309: 3770: 1194: 5612: 4987: 832:
corresponding to all states and every month from 1789 to 2015 and updating. MaxRange is created and developed by Max Range, and is now associated with the university of Halmstad, Sweden
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proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history rose from 31% to 41%, and the proportion of political historians fell from 40% to 30%.
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is the narrative and survey of political events, ideas, movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders. It is closely related to other fields of history, including
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Diplomatic dropped from 5% to 3%, economic history from 7% to 5%, and cultural history grew from 14% to 16%. Based on full-time professors in U.S. history departments.
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The ranks of traditional political historians are depleted, their assumptions and methods discredited, along with the Great White Man whose careers they chronicled.
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were broadly influential, leading to a turning away from political history towards an emphasis on broader trends of economic and environmental change.
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for a more complete analysis of the methodology of various approaches to history. An important aspect of political history is the study of
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Silbey, Joel H. "The State and Practice of American Political History at the Millennium: The Nineteenth Century as a Test Case".
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in Germany in the 19th century. His methodologies profoundly affected the way historians critically examine sources; see
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Leuchtenburg, William E. "The Pertinence of Political History: Reflections on the Significance of the State in America",
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sustained high popularity among the reading public. Some political historians made fun of their own predicament, as when
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Politics: The historical development of economic, legal, and political ideas and institutions, ideologies and movements.
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William Leuchenburg, "The Pertinence of Political History: Reflection on the Significance of the State In America",
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Nationalist historiography, patriotic history and the history of the nation: the struggle over the past in Zimbabwe
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Kowol, Kit. "Renaissance on the Right? New Directions in the History of the Post-War Conservative Party".
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and his cohort) began to rebel against this idea, instead suggesting a "Primacy of Domestic Politics" (
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examines the history of politics and government on a global scale, including international relations.
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Brinkley, Alan. "The Challenges and Rewards of Textbook Writing: An Interview with Alan Brinkley".
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American Utopia and Social Engineering in Literature, Social Thought, and Political History
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James T. Patterson, "The Persistence of Political History" in Richard S. Kirkendall, ed.
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The Organization of American Historians and the Writing and Teaching of American History
653:. Political history studies the organization and operation of power in large societies. 6487: 6052: 5864: 5859: 5794: 5677: 5590: 5421: 5097: 4429: 4213: 3278: 3233: 2592: 2548: 2503: 2126: 2072: 1993: 1564: 1494: 1420: 1269:
Jensen, Richard J. "Historiography of American Political History" in Jack Greene, ed.,
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Graham, Hugh Davis. "The stunted career of policy history: a critique and an agenda".
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Hugh Davis Graham, "The stunted career of policy history: a critique and an agenda."
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Allan G. Bogue, "The new political history in the 1970s." in Michael G. Kammen, ed.,
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Women in Postrevolutionary Mexico: The Emergence of a New Feminist Political History
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All in the Family Again? Political Historians and the Challenge of Social History
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The nation in history: historiographical debates about ethnicity and nationalism
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This article is about the academic field. For actual political history, see
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Ethnocultural political analysis: a new approach to American ethnic studies
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Interpreting the Labour Party: Approaches to Labour Politics and History
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The Past Before Us: Contemporary Historical Writing in the United States
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The democratic experiment: New directions in American political history
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The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II
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In the course of the 1960s, however, some German historians (notably
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Craig, David M. "'High Politics' and the 'New Political History'".
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Newman, Richard. "Bringing Politics Back in... to Abolition."
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Whither the Early Republic: A Forum on the Future of the Field
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15.2 (1993): 15–37; policy history is a closely related topic
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Bogue, Allan G. "United States: The 'new' political history."
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Allan G. Bogue, "United States: The 'new' political history."
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Fletcher School at Tufts International Relations Resources
1011:"The State of Twentieth-Century British Political History" 6116: 1183:
The State of Twentieth-Century British Political History
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A New Nation Votes: American Elections Returns 1787–1825
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Jacobs, Meg, William J. Novak, and Julian Zelizer, eds.
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The first "scientific" political history was written by
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Professionalization and institutionalization of history
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Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
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Gillon, Steven M. "The future of political history".
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Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
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Larson, John Lauritz, and Michael A. Morrison, eds.
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Vol. 22, No. 1 (Summer, 1997), pp. 34-43 at p. 4 2;
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Conference: Rethinking Modern British Studies, 2015
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Leff, "Revisioning US political history." 5213: 6622: 5779: 2022:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 1210:A textbook of historiography: 500 BC to AD 2000 678: 16:Type of history which analyzes political events 1189:, July 2009, Vol. 21 Issue 3, pp. 219–238 5941: 5603:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church 5473:Western European colonialism and colonization 4022: 1529: 1389: 818:History of political regimes and institutions 611: 3933: 1361:Comité d'histoire parlementaire et politique 908:(New York: Scribner's, 1984), vol 1. pp 1-25 4036: 1203:A manual of historical research methodology 5948: 5934: 4029: 4015: 1536: 1522: 1396: 1382: 1271:Encyclopedia of American Political History 906:Encyclopedia of American Political History 660: 618: 604: 4658:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 5877:Historical geographic information system 2643: 1367:Parlement(s), Revue d'histoire politique 709:United States: The new political history 1403: 1051:(1995) 100#3 pp: 829-853, quote p 829. 1008: 6623: 5517:English historical school of economics 3569:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy 1623: 884:Freeman, Joanne B., "Founding Bothers" 852:The Dictionary of the History of Ideas 715:Political history in the United States 5929: 5833: 5778: 5713:Revisionist school of Islamic studies 5552:Historical reliability of the Gospels 5410: 4937: 4010: 3999: 2642: 2385: 2149: 1788: 1622: 1517: 1377: 6579: 5905: 4000: 3530:More Irish than the Irish themselves 1129:Latin American Politics and Society, 5955: 4600:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 1789: 1273:(Scribner's, 1984), vol 1. pp 1–25 1176:Journal of Southern African Studies 13: 5613:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II 3557:Fourth Italian War of Independence 1543: 1212:(New Delhi: Orient Longman, 2004). 1085: 14: 6647: 1317: 1147:Twentieth Century British History 1065:"MaxRange - Högskolan i Halmstad" 798: 486:Biology and political orientation 6602: 6591: 6578: 6567: 6566: 5904: 5895: 5894: 5411: 4911: 4910: 4752:Palestinian expulsion and flight 3264:5000-year civilization assertion 2840:Nadir of American race relations 1283:(U of Pennsylvania Press, 2012). 587: 6521:List of social science journals 5741:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism 4615:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 4550:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 4357:Causes of the Armenian genocide 2666:Pyramid construction techniques 2233:Comparative historical research 2150: 1851:Library and information science 1341:Documents of Diplomatic History 1224:Journal of Contemporary History 1091:Callaghan, John, et al. eds., 1057: 1041: 1002: 986: 919:Journal of Contemporary History 6478:Science and technology studies 5753:Gunpowder and gun transmission 5703:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule 5512:Historical school of economics 5449:Nationalism in the Middle Ages 4887:Gunpowder and gun transmission 4761:Zionism as settler colonialism 3766:Limpieza de sangre controversy 2733:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis 1131:(2008) 50#2, pp. 175–184. 970: 957: 940: 927: 911: 895: 877: 857: 841: 673:political history of the world 481:Theories of political behavior 107:Political history of the world 21:Political history of the world 1: 5562:Opposition to Papal supremacy 4938: 2750:Indigenous population history 835: 667:History of political thinking 496:Critique of political economy 5478:Desacralization of knowledge 3749:Carlism in the Francoist era 3717:Holodomor in modern politics 2386: 1248:9.2 (1997): 240–255, in USA. 1241:; focus on political history 679:Aspects of political history 77:Outline of political science 7: 5870:Historiographic metafiction 5834: 5780:Organizations, publications 5569:Proto-orthodox Christianity 4519:German resistance to Nazism 4375:Persian famine of 1917–1919 3785:Islamic revolution of Spain 3712:Holodomor genocide question 3588:Revisionism of Risorgimento 3582:Rerum italicarum scriptores 3563:Historiae Patriae Monumenta 3330:Self-Strengthening Movement 2480:decolonization of knowledge 1295:Reviews in American History 1288:Journal of American History 1235:Journal of American History 1009:Readman, Paul (July 2009). 978:Journal of American History 952:Journal of American Studies 722:Journal of American History 10: 6652: 5667:Wissenschaft des Judentums 5644:Criticism of Protestantism 4524:Nazi foreign policy debate 3955:Second colonial occupation 3702:Soviet famine of 1930–1933 3340:Tibetan sovereignty debate 2884:Progressive-era historians 2319:Nationalization of history 2270:Historical-critical method 1157:Political History in Italy 1140:Journal of Policy History, 1049:American Historical Review 802: 747: 738: 712: 664: 82:Index of politics articles 18: 6562: 6529: 6513: 6260: 5986: 5963: 5889: 5840: 5829: 5785: 5774: 5723: 5527: 5486: 5417: 5406: 5262: 4948: 4944: 4933: 4905: 4874: 4838: 4732: 4686: 4672:Second Sino-Japanese War 4650: 4580: 4532: 4494: 4454: 4330: 4152: 4071: 4047: 4006: 3995: 3971: 3869: 3836: 3727: 3651: 3608: 3549: 3514: 3486: 3477:Vergangenheitsbewältigung 3421: 3348: 3254: 3182: 2896: 2825: 2758: 2720: 2653: 2649: 2638: 2463: 2396: 2392: 2381: 2158: 2145: 1972: 1839: 1801: 1797: 1784: 1661: 1635: 1631: 1618: 1551: 1513: 1411: 1302:Journal of Policy History 1246:Journal of Policy History 1216: 1198:(UP of New England, 2000) 1187:Journal of Policy History 1161:Journal of Policy History 1142:21 (no. 3, 2009), 239–63. 1110:(2010): 453–475; British 1027:10.1017/S0898030609090101 1015:Journal of Policy History 763: 5427:Crisis of historiography 4590:Auschwitz bombing debate 4276:Indian Rebellion of 1857 4127:Late Bronze Age collapse 4061:List of military museums 3664:Pre-Revolutionary Russia 3636:Polish People's Republic 3471:Sybel-Ficker controversy 2835:African-American history 2808:Colonial Spanish America 2597:Second Thirty Years' War 1328:Abstracts of 2015 papers 6166:international relations 4540:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 4399:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 3950:Porter–MacKenzie debate 3707:Causes of the Holodomor 3244:Problem of two emperors 3192:Catilinarian conspiracy 2419:Historical significance 2280:Indiscipline of history 2255:Historical anthropology 1307:Swirski, Peter (2011). 1155:Pasquino, Gianfranco. " 1118:The practice of history 980:(Dec. 1986) 73:585-600 869:International Security, 758:Primat der Innenpolitik 661:Political world history 491:Political organisations 254:International relations 92:Politics by subdivision 6493:Quantum social science 5634:Protestant Reformation 5608:Second Vatican Council 5586:Succession to Muhammad 5581:Criticism of the Quran 5332:Religious perspectives 5066:Klemens von Metternich 4663:"Battle for Australia" 4545:Soviet offensive plans 4514:Broad vs. narrow front 4353:Late Ottoman genocides 3286:Century of humiliation 3067:Goguryeo controversies 3045:2,500-year celebration 2703:Double genocide theory 2490:Historical negationism 2314:Ancestral civilisation 2302:Historical materialism 2260:Historical determinism 2210:History of mentalities 1358:French Website of the 1313:. New York, Routledge. 1149:27#2 (2016): 290–304. 946:Robert P. Swierenga, " 639:constitutional history 6530:Other categorizations 6383:International studies 6368:History of technology 6303:Communication studies 6186:public administration 5758:Torsion mangonel myth 5661:Modern Jewish history 5656:Jesuit historiography 5649:Protestant work ethic 5629:Hesychast controversy 5494:Industrial Revolution 5444:Library of Alexandria 5362:The Lord of the Rings 5012:Constantine the Great 4892:Torsion mangonel myth 4824:Sri Lankan Civil War 3903:Storm over the gentry 3804:Colonies or Provinces 3335:Sprouts of capitalism 2409:Historic preservation 2404:Change and continuity 1266:(Princeton UP, 2009). 1237:91#4 (2005): 1391–97 1226:(1968) 3#1 pp: 5–27. 1178:30.2 (2004): 215–234. 954:(1971) 5#1 pp: 59-79. 921:(1968) 3#1 pp: 5-27. 571:Political campaigning 311:Public administration 144:Collective leadership 6363:Historical sociology 5845:Commemorative plaque 5061:Juan Manuel de Rosas 4509:"Blitzkrieg" concept 4380:Powder keg of Europe 4255:Franco-Prussian War 3925:Winter of Discontent 3908:Suffragette Campaign 3575:Italiani brava gente 3541:Revolutionary period 3363:Frankish Interregnum 3296:"Chineseness" debate 3229:Byzantine succession 3214:Fall of Western Rome 3155:Executed Renaissance 2644:By country or region 2588:Age of Enlightenment 2562:Vaticinium ex eventu 2509:Modernisation theory 2343:Quantitative history 1719:Historical documents 1290:73, (1986), 585–600. 994:The Public Historian 791:("long term"). The 727:William Leuchtenburg 421:Separation of powers 292:Political psychology 267:Comparative politics 245:political scientists 232:Academic disciplines 112:Political philosophy 6543:Geisteswissenschaft 6537:Behavioral sciences 6463:Political sociology 6378:Information science 6323:Development studies 5674:Schools of thought 5639:Proto-Protestantism 5508:School of Thoughts 5390:William Shakespeare 5375:Robert Falcon Scott 5280:Friedrich Nietzsche 5118:Cult of personality 5103:Neville Chamberlain 4963:Alexander the Great 4845:Russo-Georgian War 4818:Sovereignty dispute 4797:Iranian Revolution 4627:"Polish death camp" 4604:In relation to the 4313:Myth of English aid 4304:War of the Pacific 4081:Albigensian Crusade 3506:Indigenous Aryanism 3202:Constantinian shift 2738:Residential schools 2495:Historian's fallacy 2414:Historic recurrence 1912:Numismatics (Money) 1684:Archaeological site 1608:theories of history 1405:Theories of history 1297:45.1 (2017): 57–64. 937:(1980) pp: 231-251. 594:Politics portal 443:Election commission 414:Government branches 297:Political sociology 149:Confessional system 87:Politics by country 6598:Society portal 6085:auxiliary sciences 5865:Historical realism 5860:Historical fiction 5805:History institutes 5795:Historical society 5790:Heritage registers 5678:Biblical criticism 5591:Islamic golden age 5542:Early Christianity 5422:Bears in antiquity 5310:Medieval Christian 5108:Pedro II of Brazil 5056:José de San Martín 4860:Syrian revolution 4772:Malayan Emergency 4747:1948 Palestine war 4480:Spanish Civil War 4430:War guilt question 4239:American Civil War 4219:Invasion of Russia 4195:New Russian School 3979:Colonial Australia 3695:October Revolution 3458:Strukturgeschichte 3394:Location of Alésia 3313:Hua–Yi distinction 3234:Moscow, third Rome 2850:Reconstruction era 2671:Black Egypt Thesis 2593:European Civil War 2549:Translatio imperii 2504:Invented tradition 1625:Historical sources 1495:List of historians 1335:Diplomatic History 1333:scholarly journal 1304:11.1 (1999): 1–30. 1192:Smith, Anthony D. 1170:Ranger, Terence. " 1123:French, John D.. " 1108:Historical Journal 889:2007-06-29 at the 754:Hans-Ulrich Wehler 635:diplomatic history 277:Political analysis 209:Semi-parliamentary 6636:Fields of history 6631:Political history 6618: 6617: 6458:Political economy 6453:Political ecology 6308:Community studies 6298:Cognitive science 6261:Interdisciplinary 6161:Political science 5923: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5885: 5884: 5825: 5824: 5770: 5769: 5766: 5765: 5683:Catholic theology 5537:Avestan geography 5402: 5401: 5398: 5397: 5385:Søren Kierkegaard 5258: 5257: 5169:Warren G. Harding 4929: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4728: 4727: 4606:Armenian genocide 4469:Polish–Soviet War 4464:Burning of Smyrna 4450: 4449: 4440:Reichstag inquiry 4363:Patriotic consent 4234: 4233: 4209:War in the Vendée 4173:French Revolution 4155:century conflicts 4144:Peloponnesian War 4105:Eighty Years' War 3991: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3967: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3896:Westminster Stone 3593:Southern question 3432:Alltagsgeschichte 3382:Legendary Saracen 3084:Early settlements 2892: 2891: 2872:Political history 2857:Consensus history 2634: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2616:Continuity thesis 2555:Translatio studii 2441:Theory of history 2377: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2331:Subaltern Studies 2216:Nouvelle histoire 2141: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2053:Medieval churches 2040:Geistesgeschichte 1984:Paleoanthropology 1892:Encyclopaedistics 1780: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1648:Secondary sources 902:Richard J. Jensen 730:Graham observed: 685:Leopold von Ranke 631:Political history 628: 627: 576:Political parties 516:Electoral systems 240:Political science 214:Semi-presidential 126:Political systems 102:Political history 97:Political economy 6643: 6606: 6596: 6595: 6582: 6581: 6570: 6569: 6473:Regional science 6318:Cultural studies 6293:Business studies 5950: 5943: 5936: 5927: 5926: 5908: 5907: 5898: 5897: 5850:Documentary film 5831: 5830: 5810:History journals 5776: 5775: 5749: 5621: 5557:Primacy of Peter 5504:Great Depression 5484: 5483: 5457: 5435: 5408: 5407: 5356:J. R. R. Tolkien 5211: 5210: 5206: 5194: 5182: 5164:Ulysses S. Grant 5159:Thomas Jefferson 5150: 5126: 5089: 5052: 5040: 5008: 4996: 4988:Chiang Ching-kuo 4978:Cato the Younger 4968:Amin al-Husseini 4946: 4945: 4935: 4934: 4914: 4913: 4897:War and genocide 4721: 4707:Résistancialisme 4694:Battle of France 4676:Nanjing Massacre 4530: 4529: 4411: 4410: 4407: 4371: 4321: 4203: 4186: 4159: 4158: 4086:Catharism debate 4072:pre-18th century 4054:Military history 4031: 4024: 4017: 4008: 4007: 4001:By war, conflict 3997: 3996: 3945:Cambridge School 3931: 3930: 3829: 3817: 3793: 3774: 3684: 3672: 3644: 3466: 3444:Historikerstreit 3414: 3402: 3390: 3371: 3357:Cordon sanitaire 3303:New Qing History 3291:Conquest dynasty 3282: 3197:Christianization 3180: 3179: 3099: 3012: 3000: 2988: 2966: 2954: 2946:Byzantine Empire 2801:Iquicha Royalism 2790: 2756: 2755: 2679: 2651: 2650: 2640: 2639: 2583:Age of Discovery 2572:Periodization of 2569: 2568: 2543:Transhistoricity 2538:Thirty-year rule 2449: 2437: 2394: 2393: 2383: 2382: 2363:Great Man theory 2326:People's history 2288: 2193: 2192: 2185:Three-age system 2147: 2146: 1847:Archival science 1799: 1798: 1786: 1785: 1653:Tertiary sources 1633: 1632: 1620: 1619: 1569:by area of study 1538: 1531: 1524: 1515: 1514: 1398: 1391: 1384: 1375: 1374: 1357: 1253:Public Historian 1181:Readman, Paul. " 1134:Huret, Romain, " 1120:(1968), British. 1080: 1079: 1077: 1076: 1067:. Archived from 1061: 1055: 1045: 1039: 1038: 1006: 1000: 990: 984: 974: 968: 961: 955: 944: 938: 931: 925: 915: 909: 899: 893: 881: 875: 865:Stephen H. Haber 861: 855: 845: 812:cultural history 647:people's history 620: 613: 606: 592: 591: 382: 327: 282:Political theory 272:Election science 262: 248: 26: 25: 6651: 6650: 6646: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6641: 6640: 6621: 6620: 6619: 6614: 6590: 6558: 6525: 6509: 6483:Science studies 6267:Administration 6256: 5982: 5959: 5957:Social sciences 5954: 5924: 5915: 5914: 5881: 5836: 5821: 5781: 5762: 5745: 5728: 5719: 5615: 5523: 5499:Great Recession 5482: 5453: 5429: 5413: 5394: 5285:H. P. Lovecraft 5254: 5216: 5209: 5200: 5188: 5176: 5144: 5120: 5093:Muammar Gaddafi 5083: 5071:Leonid Brezhnev 5046: 5034: 5017:Gregory Palamas 5002: 5000:Chiang Kai Shek 4990: 4950: 4940: 4921: 4920: 4901: 4882:Conflict thesis 4870: 4834: 4724: 4715: 4682: 4646: 4576: 4528: 4490: 4456:Interwar period 4446: 4416: 4409: 4401: 4385:Schlieffen Plan 4365: 4326: 4315: 4230: 4197: 4180: 4165: 4154: 4148: 4132:Dorian invasion 4117:Fall of Babylon 4073: 4067: 4066: 4043: 4035: 4002: 3983: 3959: 3936: 3929: 3891:Kingdom of Alba 3872: 3865: 3832: 3823: 3811: 3809:Spanish decline 3787: 3768: 3723: 3678: 3666: 3647: 3638: 3604: 3545: 3510: 3496:Greater Magadha 3482: 3460: 3417: 3408: 3396: 3384: 3365: 3344: 3318:Four Barbarians 3276: 3250: 3178: 3135:Götaland theory 3103:Lusotropicalism 3093: 3074:North Macedonia 3006: 2994: 2982: 2960: 2948: 2888: 2867:Frontier thesis 2862:Cyclical theory 2845:Neoabolitionism 2821: 2784: 2754: 2716: 2693:Greater Morocco 2673: 2645: 2622: 2573: 2567: 2459: 2443: 2431: 2388: 2369: 2282: 2197: 2191: 2173:Historical eras 2154: 2133: 1968: 1865:Writing systems 1835: 1793: 1791:Fields of study 1772: 1766:Service records 1751:Religious texts 1657: 1643:Primary sources 1627: 1614: 1613: 1547: 1542: 1509: 1407: 1402: 1355: 1320: 1219: 1208:Sreedharan, E. 1201:Sreedharan, E. 1088: 1086:Further reading 1083: 1074: 1072: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1046: 1042: 1007: 1003: 996:(1993): 15-37. 991: 987: 975: 971: 962: 958: 945: 941: 932: 928: 916: 912: 900: 896: 891:Wayback Machine 882: 878: 873:online at JSTOR 862: 858: 846: 842: 838: 820: 807: 801: 781:Fernand Braudel 766: 750: 741: 717: 711: 681: 669: 663: 624: 586: 581: 580: 511: 510: 501: 500: 458: 457: 448: 447: 416: 415: 406: 405: 401:Public interest 386:Domestic policy 376: 369: 368: 357: 356: 321: 314: 313: 302: 301: 263: 256: 249: 242: 234: 233: 224: 223: 129: 128: 117: 116: 72: 71: 62: 31:Politics series 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6649: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6612: 6600: 6588: 6576: 6563: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6539: 6533: 6531: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6523: 6517: 6515: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6426:social science 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6358:Global studies 6355: 6353:Gender studies 6350: 6345: 6344: 6343: 6338: 6336:social science 6332:Environmental 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6279: 6278: 6273: 6264: 6262: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6254: 6253: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6190: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6158: 6157: 6156: 6146: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6114: 6113: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6072: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6045: 6044: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6031:macroeconomics 6028: 6026:microeconomics 6018: 6017: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5990: 5988: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5953: 5952: 5945: 5938: 5930: 5921: 5920: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5902: 5891: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5874: 5873: 5872: 5867: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5841: 5838: 5837: 5827: 5826: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5807: 5802: 5792: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5772: 5771: 5768: 5767: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5743: 5738: 5732: 5730: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5716: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5672: 5671: 5670: 5658: 5653: 5652: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5631: 5626: 5625: 5624: 5623: 5622: 5600: 5599: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5573: 5572: 5571: 5566: 5565: 5564: 5554: 5549: 5539: 5533: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5521: 5520: 5519: 5514: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5490: 5488: 5481: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5463: 5458: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5424: 5418: 5415: 5414: 5404: 5403: 5400: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5366: 5365: 5353: 5352: 5351: 5350: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5329: 5324: 5314: 5313: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5275:Charles Darwin 5272: 5266: 5264: 5260: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5252: 5247: 5245:United Kingdom 5242: 5237: 5235:Modern Germany 5232: 5227: 5221: 5219: 5208: 5207: 5195: 5183: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5154:Thomas Aquinas 5151: 5139: 5134: 5133: 5132: 5127: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5041: 5029: 5024: 5022:Horatio Nelson 5019: 5014: 5009: 4997: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4954: 4952: 4942: 4941: 4931: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4919: 4918: 4907: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4900: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4868: 4867: 4866: 4858: 4857: 4856: 4854:Responsibility 4851: 4842: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4832: 4831: 4830: 4822: 4821: 4820: 4810: 4805: 4804: 4803: 4795: 4794: 4793: 4785: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4770: 4769: 4768: 4766:New Historians 4763: 4758: 4744: 4738: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4722: 4710: 4703: 4696: 4690: 4688: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4654: 4652: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4632:Responsibility 4629: 4624: 4623: 4622: 4612: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4586: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4574: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4536: 4534: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4500: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4486: 4478: 4477: 4476: 4466: 4460: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4427: 4421: 4419: 4408: 4396: 4390:Spirit of 1914 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4360: 4350: 4347:Fischer thesis 4336: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4324: 4323: 4322: 4310: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4290: 4288:Paraguayan War 4285: 4284: 4283: 4273: 4268: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4253: 4252: 4251: 4246: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4226: 4221: 4214:Napoleonic era 4211: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4192: 4187: 4178:Pre-revolution 4169: 4167: 4163:Coalition Wars 4156: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4140: 4139: 4134: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4090: 4089: 4088: 4077: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4057: 4049: 4048: 4045: 4044: 4041:historiography 4034: 4033: 4026: 4019: 4011: 4004: 4003: 3993: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3981: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3968: 3965: 3964: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3941: 3939: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3921: 3920: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3899: 3898: 3893: 3883: 3877: 3875: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3863: 3862: 3861: 3859:Decline thesis 3856: 3849:Ottoman Empire 3846: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3830: 3818: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3775: 3763: 3758: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3725: 3724: 3722: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3699: 3698: 3697: 3687: 3686: 3685: 3676:Skeptic School 3661: 3659:Anti-Normanism 3655: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3645: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3616:Golden Liberty 3612: 3610: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3602: 3601: 3600: 3598:Neo-Bourbonism 3590: 3585: 3578: 3571: 3566: 3559: 3553: 3551: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3526: 3520: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3492: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3480: 3473: 3468: 3454: 3447: 3440: 3438:Borussian myth 3435: 3427: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3415: 3403: 3391: 3379: 3372: 3360: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3326: 3325: 3320: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3299: 3298: 3288: 3283: 3271: 3266: 3260: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3248: 3247: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3205: 3204: 3194: 3188: 3186: 3177: 3176: 3175: 3174: 3169: 3159: 3158: 3157: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3129: 3128: 3127: 3117: 3116: 3115: 3107: 3106: 3105: 3088: 3087: 3086: 3076: 3071: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3054: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3027: 3026: 3025: 3015: 3014: 3013: 3001: 2989: 2974: 2969: 2968: 2967: 2943: 2938: 2937: 2936: 2928: 2923: 2922: 2921: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2909:Dealbanisation 2900: 2898: 2894: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2886: 2881: 2880: 2879: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2831: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2819: 2818: 2817: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2793: 2792: 2791: 2779: 2773:May Revolution 2764: 2762: 2753: 2752: 2747: 2746: 2745: 2743:Staples thesis 2740: 2735: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2714: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2697: 2696: 2695: 2687: 2682: 2681: 2680: 2668: 2659: 2657: 2647: 2646: 2636: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2608: 2599: 2590: 2585: 2579: 2577: 2575:modern history 2566: 2565: 2558: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2534: 2533: 2521: 2519:Paradigm shift 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2473: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2400: 2398: 2390: 2389: 2379: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2368: 2367: 2366: 2365: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2316: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2294: 2289: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2246: 2245: 2235: 2230: 2221: 2220: 2219: 2212: 2205:Annales school 2201: 2199: 2190: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2175: 2165: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2143: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2118: 2117: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2070: 2068:Constitutional 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2004: 1991: 1986: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1944:Postage stamps 1941: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1929: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1883: 1882: 1872: 1867: 1858: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1811: 1805: 1803: 1795: 1794: 1782: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1771: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1741:Oral tradition 1738: 1737: 1736: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1639: 1637: 1629: 1628: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1604: 1597: 1590: 1582: 1581: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1548: 1545:Historiography 1541: 1540: 1533: 1526: 1518: 1511: 1510: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1401: 1400: 1393: 1386: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1330: 1319: 1318:External links 1316: 1315: 1314: 1305: 1298: 1291: 1284: 1277: 1267: 1260: 1249: 1242: 1231: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1206: 1199: 1190: 1179: 1168: 1153: 1143: 1132: 1121: 1114: 1104: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1056: 1040: 1001: 985: 969: 956: 939: 926: 910: 894: 876: 856: 839: 837: 834: 829: 828: 819: 816: 805:Social history 803:Main article: 800: 799:Social history 797: 771:Annales School 765: 762: 749: 746: 740: 737: 736: 735: 713:Main article: 710: 707: 689:historiography 680: 677: 665:Main article: 662: 659: 651:public history 643:social history 626: 625: 623: 622: 615: 608: 600: 597: 596: 583: 582: 579: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 557: 556: 540: 535: 530: 529: 528: 518: 512: 508: 507: 506: 503: 502: 499: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 465: 459: 456:Related topics 455: 454: 453: 450: 449: 446: 445: 440: 435: 430: 424: 423: 417: 413: 412: 411: 408: 407: 404: 403: 398: 393: 391:Foreign policy 388: 383: 370: 364: 363: 362: 359: 358: 355: 354: 353: 352: 338: 333: 328: 315: 309: 308: 307: 304: 303: 300: 299: 294: 289: 287:Policy studies 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 252: 250: 238: 235: 231: 230: 229: 226: 225: 222: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 130: 124: 123: 122: 119: 118: 115: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 73: 70:Primary topics 69: 68: 67: 64: 63: 61: 60: 55: 50: 44: 41: 40: 34: 33: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6648: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6611: 6610: 6605: 6601: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6587: 6586: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6565: 6564: 6561: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6549:Human science 6547: 6545: 6544: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6528: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6512: 6506: 6505:Vegan studies 6503: 6501: 6498: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6485: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6468:Public health 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6403: 6402:Philosophies 6401: 6399: 6398:Media studies 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6373:Human ecology 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6283:Anthrozoology 6281: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6259: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6226: 6223: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6208:developmental 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6195: 6194: 6191: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6181:public policy 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6163: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6132:legal systems 6130: 6128: 6127:legal history 6125: 6123: 6122:jurisprudence 6120: 6119: 6118: 6115: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6076: 6073: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6050: 6049: 6046: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6022: 6019: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5996: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5951: 5946: 5944: 5939: 5937: 5932: 5931: 5928: 5911: 5903: 5901: 5893: 5892: 5888: 5878: 5875: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5832: 5828: 5816: 5813: 5812: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5800: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5787: 5784: 5777: 5773: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5736:Merton thesis 5734: 5733: 5731: 5726: 5722: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5688:Panbabylonism 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5669: 5668: 5664: 5663: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5619: 5614: 5611: 5610: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5604: 5601: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5577: 5574: 5570: 5567: 5563: 5560: 5559: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5526: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5468: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5456: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5433: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5409: 5405: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5364: 5363: 5359: 5358: 5357: 5354: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5318: 5315: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5261: 5251: 5250:United States 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5212: 5204: 5199: 5196: 5192: 5187: 5184: 5180: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5148: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5130:Bolivarianism 5128: 5124: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5113:Simon Bolivar 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5087: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5050: 5045: 5044:Joseph Stalin 5042: 5038: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5006: 5001: 4998: 4994: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4947: 4943: 4936: 4932: 4917: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4873: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4839:Post-Cold War 4837: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4814: 4813:Falklands War 4811: 4809: 4808:Iran–Iraq War 4806: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4756:Ongoing Nakba 4753: 4750: 4749: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4719: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4708: 4704: 4702: 4701: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4687:Western Front 4685: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4668:Bengal famine 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4582:The Holocaust 4579: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4533:Eastern Front 4531: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4493: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4453: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4412: 4405: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4354: 4351: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4319: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4282: 4279: 4278: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4265: 4264:Paris Commune 4262: 4260: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4249:Turning point 4247: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4201: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4174: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4157: 4153:18th and 19th 4151: 4145: 4142: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4111: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4103: 4099: 4098:Islamic views 4096: 4095: 4094: 4091: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4070: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4039: 4032: 4027: 4025: 4020: 4018: 4013: 4012: 4009: 4005: 3998: 3994: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3923: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3888: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3868: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3827: 3822: 3821:Ser de España 3819: 3815: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3791: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3691: 3688: 3682: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3670: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3599: 3596: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3459: 3455: 3453: 3452: 3448: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3412: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3347: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3239:Ottoman claim 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3219:Prosopography 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3173: 3172:Trưng sisters 3170: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3136: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3126: 3123: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3114: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3097: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3031: 3028: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3010: 3005: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2964: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2952: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2919:Habsburg myth 2917: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2827:United States 2824: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2810: 2809: 2806: 2802: 2799: 2798: 2797: 2794: 2788: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2760:Latin America 2757: 2751: 2748: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2730: 2729: 2726: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2677: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2641: 2637: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2447: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2435: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2384: 2380: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2353:Transnational 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2324: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2243:Decoloniality 2241: 2240: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2224:Historiometry 2222: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2194: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2168:Periodization 2166: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2144: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2008: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1954:Sigillography 1952: 1950: 1949:Prosopography 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1928: 1925: 1924: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1826:Local history 1824: 1820: 1819:Human history 1817: 1816: 1815: 1814:World history 1812: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1783: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1621: 1617: 1610: 1609: 1605: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1589: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1539: 1534: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1483:Psychohistory 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1436:Environmental 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1399: 1394: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1362: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1336: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1312: 1311: 1306: 1303: 1299: 1296: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1211: 1207: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1167: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1116:Elton, G. 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also 1095:(2003) 793:Annales 777:Annales 748:Germany 739:Britain 566:Culture 476:Country 134:Anarchy 48:Outline 6276:public 6218:social 6110:social 6009:social 5461:Salons 5263:Others 5230:Canada 4864:Causes 4801:Causes 4776:Causes 4570:Spirit 4504:Causes 4474:Causes 4339:Causes 4308:Causes 4281:Causes 4259:Causes 4190:Causes 3937:Empire 3871:United 3837:Turkey 3652:Russia 3626:Deluge 3609:Poland 3349:France 3147:Taiwan 3120:Serbia 2926:Balhae 2777:Causes 2728:Canada 2662:Egypt 2655:Africa 2179:Tarikh 2100:Labour 2090:Gender 2080:Social 1880:dating 1746:Papyri 1669:Annals 1488:Social 1441:Gender 1275:online 1257:online 1239:online 1217:In USA 1151:online 1112:online 1097:online 1033:  764:France 698:nation 649:, and 526:voting 468:Polity 366:Policy 345:Public 259:theory 6446:urban 6250:urban 6245:rural 6095:human 6058:human 5978:Index 5708:Roman 5620:] 5434:] 5347:Islam 5317:Jesus 5205:] 5193:] 5181:] 5149:] 5125:] 5088:] 5051:] 5039:] 5007:] 4995:] 4720:] 4610:Nakba 4406:] 4370:] 4320:] 4202:] 4185:] 3828:] 3816:] 3792:] 3773:] 3728:Spain 3683:] 3671:] 3643:] 3550:Italy 3488:India 3465:] 3413:] 3401:] 3389:] 3370:] 3281:] 3256:China 3098:] 3057:Korea 3052:Japan 3041:Iran 3030:Greek 3011:] 2999:] 2987:] 2965:] 2958:Early 2953:] 2814:Casta 2789:] 2711:Maafa 2678:] 2448:] 2436:] 2287:] 2127:Women 2122:Urban 2110:Rural 2105:LGBTQ 1861:Books 1699:Deeds 1636:Types 1031:S2CID 549:forms 472:State 349:Civil 53:Index 6514:List 5799:list 4394:1917 3406:Lyon 2877:Eras 2796:Peru 2531:list 2478:and 2358:Whig 1565:list 671:The 6117:Law 2525:Pax 1185:", 1174:". 1159:", 1138:", 1127:", 1023:doi 950:", 850:In 783:'s 6627:: 5618:it 5432:pt 5203:zh 5191:zh 5179:zh 5147:zh 5123:es 5086:zh 5049:ru 5037:zh 5005:zh 4993:zh 4718:fr 4404:ru 4368:fr 4345:/ 4318:es 4200:ru 4183:fr 3826:es 3814:es 3790:es 3771:es 3681:ru 3669:ru 3641:pl 3463:de 3411:fr 3399:fr 3387:fr 3368:fr 3279:zh 3096:pt 3009:ru 2997:ru 2985:ru 2963:ru 2951:de 2787:es 2676:es 2446:de 2434:es 2285:pt 1029:. 1019:21 1017:. 1013:. 645:, 641:, 637:, 551:/ 474:/ 470:/ 347:/ 5949:e 5942:t 5935:v 5801:) 5797:( 5727:/ 4359:) 4355:( 4349:) 4341:( 4030:e 4023:t 4016:v 3532:" 3528:" 1857:) 1853:( 1537:e 1530:t 1523:v 1397:e 1390:t 1383:v 1259:. 1230:. 1078:. 1037:. 1025:: 854:. 619:e 612:t 605:v 555:) 547:( 381:) 377:( 351:) 343:( 326:) 322:( 261:) 257:( 247:) 243:( 23:.

Index

Political history of the world
Politics series
Politics
Outline
Index
Category
Outline of political science
Index of politics articles
Politics by country
Politics by subdivision
Political economy
Political history
Political history of the world
Political philosophy
Political systems
Anarchy
City-state
Collective leadership
Confessional system
Democracy
Dictatorship
Directorial
Federacy
Feudalism
Hybrid regime
Meritocracy
Monarchy
Parliamentary
Presidential
Republic

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