894:
1023:
50:
1097:
840:
804:
632:
603:
534:
505:
483:
461:
1992:
861:
771:
746:
724:
689:
666:
580:
560:
984:
1464:
Millar, Fergus (1995). "For the moment it is enough to recall that when Pompey had acquired the area for Rome in the 60s, he had made a deliberate point of liberating all those cities in this area which had been under Jewish rule (following conquests by the
Hasmoneans), and had made them part of the
1178:
Jerash (Gerasa) and Bet She'an (Scythopolis) survive as towns today, after periods of abandonment or serious decline. Damascus has never lost its prominent role throughout later history. Philadelphia was long abandoned but was revived in the 19th century and has become the capital city of Jordan
1036:. This has led to their common identification today as a "federation" or "league". The Decapolis was probably never an official political or economic union; most likely it signified the collection of city-states which enjoyed special autonomy during early Roman rule.
980:, with jurisdiction over an area of the surrounding countryside. Each minted its own coins. Many coins from Decapolis cities identify their city as "autonomous," "free," "sovereign," or "sacred"—terms that imply some sort of self-governing status.
715:
1087:
healed by Jesus in this passage asks to be included among the disciples who traveled with Jesus; but Jesus does not permit him, as he wanted him to tell his friends what the Lord had done and instructs him to remain in the
Decapolis region.
1894:
948:, welcomed Pompey as a liberator. When Pompey reorganized the region, he awarded a group of these cities with autonomy under Roman protection; this was the origin of the Decapolis. For centuries the cities based their
1218:, from the chief Greek god. Meanwhile, in some cities Greeks began worshipping these local "Zeus" deities alongside their own Zeus Olympios. There is evidence that the colonists adopted the worship of other
879:
suggests that this is the reason why
Damascus was not included in Josephus' list. According to other sources, there may have been as many as 18 or 19 Greco-Roman cities counted as part of the Decapolis.
2166:
1015:, the worship of the Roman emperor, was a very common practice throughout the Decapolis and was one of the features that linked the cities. A small open-air temple or façade, called a
2111:
1159:). In other cities, paganism persisted long into the Byzantine era. Eventually, however, the region became almost entirely Christian, and most of the cities served as seats of
1595:
230:
216:
191:
177:
1554:
383:
dependent on Rome. They are sometimes described as a league of cities, although some scholars believe that they were never formally organized as a political unit.
1710:
Collins, Adela Yarbro (August 1996). "The New
Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Ephraim Stern, Ayelet Lewinson-Gilboa, Joseph Aviram".
1798:"The Ideal Prepuce in Ancient Greece and Rome: Male Genital Aesthetics and Their Relation to Lipodermos, Circumcision, Foreskin Restoration, and the Kynodesme"
1183:. Twentieth-century archaeology has identified most of the other cities on Pliny's list, and most have undergone or are undergoing considerable excavation.
1544:"Decapolis" in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. Ed. Eric M. Meyers, S. Thomas Parker. Oxford Biblical Studies Online. Nov 14, 2016.
1003:
The Romans left their cultural stamp on all of the cities. Each one was eventually rebuilt with a Roman-style grid of streets based around a central
893:
1526:
Segal, Arthur (2001). "The "Kalybe
Structures" : Temples for the Imperial Cult in Hauran and Trachon: An Historical-architectural Analysis".
1166:
Most of the cities continued into the late Roman and
Byzantine periods. Some were abandoned in the years following Palestine's conquest by the
2146:
2151:
1921:
1891:. The review contains information on the religious syncretism in the Hellenistic and Roman Decapolis. Contains some passages in German.
1865:
2126:
2121:
2161:
2156:
2131:
1132:. The cities continued to be distinct from their neighbors within their provinces, distinguished for example by their use of the
1899:
1351:
The
Decapolis was a peculiar agglomeration of Hellenized cities placed between Jewish Palestine, Nabatean Arabia and the Hauran.
266:
976:. Instead, the cities were allowed considerable political autonomy under Roman protection. Each city functioned as a polis or
933:, for example), which attest to Seleucid origins. The cities were Greek from their founding, modeling themselves on the Greek
1474:
1297:
1147:. Some cities were more receptive than others to the new religion. Pella was a base for some of the earliest church leaders (
1067:, attracted by His "healing all kinds of sickness". The Decapolis was one of the few regions where Jesus travelled in which
1805:
1214:
The cities acted as centers for the diffusion of
Hellenistic culture. Some local deities began to be called by the name
49:
623:
Mentioned by Pliny as Dio Hippos, usually this entity is divided into Dion and Hippos. The
Aramaic name of Hippos was
1562:
1510:
1084:
1315:"Dion of the Decapolis: Tell al-Ash'arīin southern Syria in the light of ancient documents and recent discoveries"
1191:
The
Decapolis was a region where two cultures interacted: the culture of the Greek colonists and the indigenous
1060:
944:
conquered the eastern Mediterranean. The people of the Hellenized cities, who were under the rule of the Jewish
2181:
2141:
1914:
1814:
1267:
1022:
2171:
1583:
1136:
and their continuing Hellenistic identities. However, the Decapolis was no longer a unit of administration.
1895:"New Inscriptions in Roman city in Israel shed personal light on early Christians", Ha'aretz, Nov. 22, 2022
93:
1659:
Meyers, Eric M. (December 1996). "The Making of the Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East".
871:
Damascus was further north than the others and so is sometimes thought to have been an "honorary" member.
2116:
1079:
emphasizes the Decapolis' gentile character when Jesus encounters a herd of pigs, an animal forbidden by
905:
Except for Scythopolis, Damascus and Canatha, the Decapolis cities were by and large founded during the
2136:
1156:
20:
1421:
1907:
1129:
1219:
795:
589:
1929:
1064:
929:
ruled the region. Some of the cities included "Antiochia" or "Seleucia" in their official names (
427:
352:
329:
1502:
1494:
1373:
1374:"Raphana of the Decapolis and its successor Arpha - The search for an eminent Greco-Roman City"
1117:
973:
831:
624:
1745:
Chancey, Mark Alan; Porter, Adam Lowry (December 2001). "The Archaeology of Roman Palestine".
1192:
1884:
1234:). The worship of these Semitic gods is attested in coins and inscriptions from the cities.
450:
1879:
1862:
376:
89:
1451:
8:
1195:
and Aramean cultures. There was some conflict. The Greek inhabitants were shocked by the
1012:
910:
964:
Under Roman rule, the cities of the Decapolis were not included in the territory of the
2106:
1834:
1778:
1770:
1692:
1684:
1641:
1633:
1608:
Parker, S. Thomas (September 1999). "An Empire's New Holy Land: The Byzantine Period".
1403:
1342:
1200:
1167:
1128:, of which Scythopolis served as the provincial capital; while Damascus became part of
1125:
969:
906:
698:
Pliny also mentions in his enumeration important regions around and between the cities
546:
403:
348:
325:
1032:
The cities may also have enjoyed strong commercial ties, fostered by a network of new
1973:
1826:
1782:
1762:
1727:
1696:
1676:
1645:
1625:
1506:
1470:
1438:
1407:
1395:
1346:
1334:
1293:
1261:
1056:
1044:
945:
922:
827:
372:
337:
324:
in the first centuries BC and AD. Most of the cities were located to the east of the
196:
1838:
1818:
1754:
1719:
1668:
1617:
1385:
1326:
1140:
965:
775:
399:
223:
1011:. The Romans sponsored and built numerous temples and other public buildings. The
473:
1869:
1249:
1170:
in 641, but other cities continued to be inhabited long into the Islamic period.
1016:
926:
876:
321:
2176:
2077:
2069:
2053:
2038:
1797:
1314:
1121:
1105:
1076:
1052:
1048:
898:
875:
states that Scythopolis was the largest of the ten towns. Biblical commentator
791:
763:
657:
618:
607:
395:
368:
209:
1330:
2100:
1978:
1931:
Decapolis cities (in bold), with surrounding regions mentioned by Pliny t. E.
1874:
1766:
1731:
1680:
1629:
1399:
1338:
1204:
1040:
988:
520:
313:
281:
268:
140:
1096:
2014:
1830:
1390:
1144:
1133:
1071:
were in the majority: most of Jesus' ministry focused on teaching to Jews.
953:
949:
595:
317:
1822:
1290:
For the Freedom of Zion: the Great Revolt of Jews against Romans, 66-74 CE
1063:
the Decapolis was one of the areas from which Jesus drew his multitude of
1113:
1033:
914:
808:
711:
391:
379:, location, and political status, with each functioning as an autonomous
341:
182:
63:
1112:. The cities were divided between the new province and the provinces of
1968:
1774:
1688:
1637:
1255:
1243:
1208:
1196:
977:
380:
360:
956:, used to count the years throughout the Roman and Byzantine periods.
2085:
2054:
region Gabe/Tel Jabiah/Lake of Gabe(el Bajje) (Muzeirib/ Tell Jabiah)
1223:
1008:
787:
1991:
1758:
1672:
1621:
925:
which ruled Judea until 198 BC. Others were founded later, when the
2006:
1960:
1889:
Kulte und Kultur der Dekapolis (Cults and Culture of the Decapolis)
1723:
1148:
872:
812:
759:
678:
509:
426:
The names of the traditional ten cities of the Decapolis come from
364:
2049:
Region Trachonitis (El-Musmije, Ezra,Ez Szanamain, Ard el Batanea)
1469:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 39.
2030:
2022:
1227:
1152:
1080:
1068:
853:
670:
647:
636:
569:
67:
2043:
1952:
1207:
arose gradually in the face of assimilation. At the same time,
1160:
1109:
1072:
996:
983:
941:
839:
816:
803:
737:
653:
640:
631:
611:
602:
552:
539:
533:
513:
504:
495:
487:
482:
460:
411:
407:
387:
333:
252:
248:
136:
122:
79:
71:
1203:. Various elements of Jewish dissent towards the dominant and
830:
also known as "Abila Viniferos", 12 miles east of Gadara (see
2048:
1944:
1180:
1004:
992:
934:
918:
860:
770:
745:
723:
707:
688:
665:
579:
559:
526:
465:
415:
256:
75:
33:
1143:
Decapolis region was influenced and gradually taken over by
2167:
Jews and Judaism in the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire
1215:
1104:
The Decapolis came under direct Roman rule in AD 106, when
1027:
The Decapolis at the time of Plinus t.E. and before 106 A.D
356:
307:
2112:
States and territories disestablished in the 2nd century
1055:
mention that the Decapolis region was a location of the
652:
A city rich on water, at the north-western slope of the
1120:. In the later Roman Empire, they were divided between
390:, the cities were incorporated into the provinces of
2086:
Region Arca/Tarichaea-Philoteria (Tiberias/Yardenit)
1501:. William B. Eerdman's Publishing Company. pp.
952:
on this conquest: 63 BC was the epochal year of the
301:
1598:Zinman Institute of Archaeology, Haifa University.
1292:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 536.
2098:
786:The western part around the See of Galilee with
406:. The Decapolis region is located in modern-day
2039:Region Abilene/Abila-Lysanea (Souq Wadi Barada)
1439:Wars of the Jews, Book 3, chapter 9, section 7
574:Usually identified also with Raepta and Arpha
1915:
1744:
1422:"Decapolis - Ancient Greek League, Palestine"
1312:
1199:, which was regarded as a cruel and barbaric
367:. The cities formed a group because of their
355:in a region which was otherwise populated by
16:Group of ten Hellenistic cities in the Levant
1205:assimilative nature of Hellenic civilization
1108:was annexed during the reign of the emperor
1974:Region Ampeloessa /Abila (in Wadi Queilbeh)
1173:
312:, 'Ten Cities') was a group of ten
54:The ten cities of Decapolis marked in black
1922:
1908:
1875:The Decapolis on the Catholic Encyclopedia
1789:
921:in 63 BC. Some were established under the
410:(Philadelphia, Gerasa, Pella and Gadara),
48:
1452:Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
1389:
1100:The provinces of the East in the year 400
2044:Region Paneas/Caesarea-Phillipi (Banias)
1313:Kropp, Andreas; Mohammad, Qasim (2006).
1211:also occurred in the Decapolis region.
1095:
1021:
982:
897:Roman theatre and cardo of Scythopolis (
892:
1969:Region Ampeloessa/Capitolias (Beit Ras)
1709:
1230:(worshipped under his Hellenized name,
710:/Leja, including the surroundings from
418:(Raphana, Dion, Canatha and Damascus).
2099:
1795:
1658:
1607:
1488:
1486:
1463:
1454:on Matthew 4, accessed 6 December 2016
1426:Encyclopædia Britannica Online Edition
1287:
959:
398:; several cities were later placed in
316:cities on the eastern frontier of the
1903:
1525:
888:
844:Abila, Beit Ras, Ard el-Karm, Jordan
2147:1st century BC in the Roman Republic
1492:
1371:
1226:deities and the chief Nabatean god,
1091:
913:in 323 BC and the Roman conquest of
852:Region of Gabe, later also known as
728:el-Mushmije, Ezra, Khalkhale, Syria
718:(Batanaea Plain) in the east of it.
1806:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
1483:
13:
2152:1st century BC in the Roman Empire
14:
2193:
1856:
1499:Eerdman's Dictionary of the Bible
1497:. In Freedman, David Noel (ed.).
1467:The Roman Near East: 31 BC–AD 337
1457:
1281:
2127:Roman towns and cities in Jordan
2122:Roman towns and cities in Israel
1990:
859:
838:
802:
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2162:2nd century in the Roman Empire
2157:1st century in the Roman Empire
2132:Roman towns and cities in Syria
1738:
1703:
1652:
1601:
1588:
1577:
1547:
1538:
1519:
1209:cultural blending and borrowing
1197:Jewish practice of circumcision
551:Sometimes also identified with
1880:The Decapolis a short overview
1815:Johns Hopkins University Press
1559:ww1.oxfordbiblicalcstudies.com
1534:. Tel Aviv University: 91–118.
1528:Assaph: Studies in Art History
1444:
1432:
1414:
1365:
1356:
1306:
968:, its successor states of the
347:The Decapolis was a center of
1:
1796:Hodges, Frederick M. (2001).
1274:
1083:, the Jewish dietary laws. A
414:(Scythopolis and Hippos) and
1555:"oxfordbiblicalcstudies.com"
1288:Rogers, Guy MacLean (2021).
1019:, was unique to the region.
940:In 63 BC, the Roman general
308:
7:
1237:
794:: Ταριχαία or Ταριχέα) and
386:In the time of the Emperor
10:
2198:
1661:The Biblical Archaeologist
1596:"The 'Kalybe' Structures."
1441:, accessed 6 December 2016
1186:
883:
302:
34:
21:Decapolis (disambiguation)
18:
2062:
1999:
1988:
1937:
1331:10.1179/lev.2006.38.1.125
1155:fled there to escape the
697:
455:Capital of modern Jordan
421:
244:
154:
150:
133:
119:
115:
107:
99:
85:
59:
47:
42:
28:
1863:The Decapolis on BibArch
1747:Near Eastern Archaeology
1610:Near Eastern Archaeology
1493:Mare, Harold W. (2000).
1362:Natural History, 5.16.74
1174:Evolution and excavation
826:Usually identified with
683:Capital of modern Syria
1868:5 February 2005 at the
974:Roman province of Judea
909:, between the death of
865:Muzeirib / Nawa, Syria
1391:10.24072/pcjournal.201
1378:Peer Community Journal
1246:(meaning seven cities)
1157:First Jewish–Roman War
1101:
1029:
1000:
902:
594:Only city west of the
2182:60s BC establishments
2142:Roman client kingdoms
1823:10.1353/bhm.2001.0119
1465:province of Syria.".
1134:Pompeian calendar era
1099:
1025:
986:
896:
798:at its southern end.
125:'s conquest of Syria
60:Common languages
2172:New Testament cities
1712:History of Religions
1450:Plumptre, E. H., in
90:Hellenistic religion
19:For other uses, see
1372:Kleb, Jens (2022).
1130:Phoenice Libanensis
1085:demon-possessed man
960:Autonomy under Rome
911:Alexander the Great
758:The small realm of
740:/Caesarea Phillipi
564:Tell Ashari, Syria
282:32.7167°N 35.8000°E
278: /
2117:Ptolemaic colonies
1201:genital mutilation
1168:Rashidun Caliphate
1126:Palaestina Secunda
1102:
1030:
1001:
970:Herodian tetrarchy
907:Hellenistic period
903:
889:Hellenistic period
736:The region around
656:(Mons Al-Sadamus,
584:Ar-Rafi'ah, Syria
547:Dion (Tell Ashari)
404:Palaestina Secunda
326:Jordan Rift Valley
2137:Seleucid colonies
2094:
2093:
1476:978-0-674-77886-3
1299:978-0-300-24813-5
1151:reports that the
1092:Direct Roman rule
1057:ministry of Jesus
946:Hasmonean Kingdom
923:Ptolemaic dynasty
869:
868:
834:) and Capitolias
714:(west) until the
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261:
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197:Hasmonean kingdom
139:'s annexation of
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1994:
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1887:of a 2003 book,
1885:Scholarly review
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1561:. Archived from
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1516:
1490:
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1461:
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931:Antiochia Hippos
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806:
776:Souq Wadi Barada
774:
773:
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693:Damascus, Syria
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1870:Wayback Machine
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1759:10.2307/3210829
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1673:10.2307/3210561
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1250:Doric hexapolis
1240:
1189:
1179:under the name
1176:
1094:
1061:Matthew 4:23–25
1059:. According to
962:
927:Seleucid Empire
891:
886:
877:Edward Plumptre
858:
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768:
743:
721:
686:
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322:Southern Levant
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1857:External links
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1788:
1753:(4): 164–203.
1737:
1724:10.1086/463453
1702:
1667:(4): 194–197.
1651:
1616:(3): 134–180.
1600:
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867:
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820:
819:
799:
784:
780:
779:
766:
764:Abila Lysaniae
756:
752:
751:
750:Banias, Syria
741:
734:
730:
729:
719:
716:Ard of Batanea
704:
700:
699:
695:
694:
684:
681:
675:
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661:
650:
644:
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627:
621:
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614:
598:
592:
586:
585:
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572:
566:
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549:
543:
542:
538:Tabaqat Fahl,
529:
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500:
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491:
478:
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469:
456:
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447:
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440:
423:
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396:Arabia Petraea
260:
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246:
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238:
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210:Arabia Petraea
203:
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61:
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32:
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15:
9:
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2110:
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2087:
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2081:(Beit She'an)
2080:
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2068:
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2065:
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2055:
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2047:
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2027:
2025:
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2019:
2018:(Tell Ashari)
2017:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1983:
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1977:
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1813:(Fall 2001).
1812:
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1565:on 9 May 2019
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1380:(in French).
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1046:
1042:
1041:New Testament
1037:
1035:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:imperial cult
1010:
1006:
998:
994:
990:
985:
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709:
705:
702:
701:
696:
690:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
672:
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662:
659:
658:Jebel al-Druz
655:
651:
649:
646:
645:
642:
638:
633:
628:
626:
622:
620:
617:
616:
613:
609:
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556:
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550:
548:
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541:
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419:
417:
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353:Roman culture
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
299:
294:
291:
258:
254:
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245:Today part of
243:
227:
225:
222:
221:
213:
211:
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195:
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174:
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158:
157:
153:
149:
145:
142:
141:Arabia Petrea
138:
132:
128:
124:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
95:
94:Imperial Cult
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
51:
46:
41:
27:
22:
2078:
2070:
2034:(Ar-Rafi'ah)
2031:
2023:
2015:
2007:
1979:
1961:
1953:
1946:Philadelphia
1945:
1930:
1888:
1842:. Retrieved
1810:
1804:
1791:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1718:(1): 81–83.
1715:
1711:
1705:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1590:
1584:Mark 5:18–20
1579:
1567:. Retrieved
1563:the original
1558:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1498:
1466:
1459:
1446:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1358:
1350:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1289:
1283:
1231:
1222:, including
1220:Semitic gods
1213:
1190:
1177:
1165:
1145:Christianity
1138:
1103:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1002:
963:
954:Pompeian era
950:calendar era
939:
930:
917:, including
904:
870:
823:Ampelloessa
703:Trachonitis
654:Jebel Hauran
596:Jordan River
451:Philadelphia
433:. They are:
429:
425:
385:
346:
318:Roman Empire
297:
295:
263:
165:Succeeded by
164:
159:
103:Client state
43:63 BC–AD 106
2079:Scythopolis
1844:13 February
1817:: 375–405.
1495:"Decapolis"
1043:gospels of
1034:Roman roads
995:of Gerasa (
915:Coele-Syria
899:Beit She'an
832:Onomasticon
608:Beit She'an
590:Scythopolis
349:Hellenistic
314:Hellenistic
285: /
183:Coele-Syria
160:Preceded by
64:Koine Greek
2101:Categories
1964:(Umm Qais)
1275:References
1262:Tetrapolis
1256:Pentapolis
1244:Heptapolis
1224:Phoenician
978:city-state
796:Philoteria
381:city-state
361:Nabataeans
328:, between
273:35°48′00″E
270:32°43′00″N
100:Government
2107:Decapolis
2073:(Sussita)
2026:(Qanawat)
2010:(Dimashq)
1783:163466008
1767:1094-2076
1732:0018-2710
1697:165422294
1681:0006-0895
1646:164178042
1630:1094-2076
1408:254729593
1400:2804-3871
1347:162405924
1339:0075-8914
1141:Byzantine
1065:disciples
1009:decumanus
999:, Jordan)
987:The oval
972:, or the
901:, Israel)
788:Tarichaea
490:, Jordan
468:, Jordan
445:Location
442:Comments
309:Dekápolis
303:Δεκάπολις
298:Decapolis
86:Religion
35:Δεκάπολις
30:Decapolis
2008:Damascus
1956:(Jerash)
1866:Archived
1839:29580193
1831:11568485
1268:Tripolis
1238:See also
1153:apostles
1149:Eusebius
1069:Gentiles
873:Josephus
813:Yardenit
809:Sinnabra
778:, Syria
760:Lysanias
755:Abilene
679:Damascus
673:, Syria
525:West of
510:Umm Qais
428:Pliny's
377:religion
369:language
365:Arameans
338:Nabataea
300:(Greek:
2032:Raphana
2024:Canatha
1948:(Amman)
1775:3210829
1689:3210561
1638:3210712
1503:333–334
1270:(three)
1232:Dusares
1228:Dushara
1187:Culture
1161:bishops
1081:Kashrut
1045:Matthew
1007:and/or
884:History
854:Jabiyah
733:Paneas
671:Qanawat
648:Canatha
637:Sussita
625:Sussita
570:Raphana
373:culture
359:, Arab
320:in the
135:•
121:•
108:History
68:Aramaic
2071:Hippos
2063:Israel
1962:Gadara
1954:Gerasa
1938:Jordan
1837:
1829:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1730:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1644:
1636:
1628:
1509:
1473:
1406:
1398:
1345:
1337:
1319:Levant
1296:
1264:(four)
1258:(five)
1193:Jewish
1122:Arabia
1110:Trajan
1073:Mark 5
1051:, and
1017:kalybe
997:Jerash
942:Pompey
817:Israel
762:, see
738:Banias
641:Israel
619:Hippos
612:Israel
553:Aydoun
540:Jordan
514:Jordan
496:Gadara
488:Jerash
474:Gerasa
422:Cities
412:Israel
408:Jordan
388:Trajan
340:, and
334:Iturea
330:Judaea
253:Jordan
249:Israel
146:AD 106
137:Trajan
123:Pompey
111:
80:Hebrew
72:Arabic
2177:64 BC
2000:Syria
1980:Pella
1835:S2CID
1801:(PDF)
1779:S2CID
1771:JSTOR
1693:S2CID
1685:JSTOR
1642:S2CID
1634:JSTOR
1569:7 May
1404:S2CID
1343:S2CID
1252:(six)
1181:Amman
1118:Judea
1114:Syria
1005:cardo
993:cardo
989:forum
935:polis
919:Judea
849:Gabe
828:Abila
792:Greek
783:Arca
708:Lajat
527:Irbid
521:Pella
466:Amman
439:City
416:Syria
392:Syria
342:Syria
257:Syria
129:63 BC
76:Latin
2016:Dion
1846:2020
1827:PMID
1763:ISSN
1728:ISSN
1677:ISSN
1626:ISSN
1571:2019
1507:ISBN
1471:ISBN
1396:ISSN
1335:ISSN
1294:ISBN
1216:Zeus
1124:and
1116:and
1077:1-10
1053:Luke
1049:Mark
1039:The
991:and
706:the
402:and
394:and
363:and
357:Jews
351:and
296:The
1819:doi
1755:doi
1720:doi
1669:doi
1618:doi
1386:doi
1327:doi
2103::
1833:.
1825:.
1811:75
1809:.
1803:.
1777:.
1769:.
1761:.
1751:64
1749:.
1726:.
1716:36
1714:.
1691:.
1683:.
1675:.
1665:59
1663:.
1640:.
1632:.
1624:.
1614:62
1612:.
1557:.
1530:.
1505:.
1485:^
1424:.
1402:.
1394:.
1384:.
1376:.
1349:.
1341:.
1333:.
1323:38
1321:.
1317:.
1163:.
1047:,
937:.
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660:)
639:,
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371:,
344:.
336:,
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1821::
1785:.
1757::
1734:.
1722::
1699:.
1671::
1648:.
1620::
1573:.
1532:6
1515:.
1479:.
1428:.
1410:.
1388::
1382:2
1329::
1302:.
1075::
790:(
23:.
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