1106:
1087:). When considering similar or related signs as well as identical, they are 98% cognate. Further information will be available after completion of the BSL corpus, allows for comparison with the Auslan corpus, and the New Zealand Sign Language project. There continues to be language contact between BSL, Auslan and NZSL through migration (deaf people and interpreters), the media (television programmes such as See Hear, Switch, Rush and SignPost are often recorded and shared informally in all three countries) and conferences (in 1999 many deaf British people travelled to Australia for the World Federation of the Deaf Conference, WFD, in Brisbane.)
1295:) check and are covered by professional indemnity insurance. Completing a level 3 BSL language assessment and enrolling on an approved interpreting course allows applications to register as a TSLI (Trainee Sign Language Interpreter). After completing an approved interpreting course, trainees can then apply to achieve RSLI (Registered Sign Language Interpreter) status. RSLIs are currently required by NRCPD to log Continuous Professional Development activities. Post-qualification, specialist training is still considered necessary to work in specific critical domains.
1120:. Certain signs used in Scotland, for example, may not be understood immediately, or not understood at all, by those in Southern England, or vice versa. Some signs are even more local, occurring only in certain towns or cities (such as the Manchester system of number signs). Likewise, some may go in or out of fashion, or evolve over time, just as terms in oral languages do. Families may have signs unique to them to accommodate for certain situations or to describe an object that may otherwise require fingerspelling.
234:
997:
6849:
90:
297:, published in 1450, contains descriptions of signsâsome of which are still in use. The earliest known document describing the use of signing in a legal context mentions John de Orleton, a deaf man assigning his property to a family member in 1324. Another commonly cited event is the marriage ceremony between Thomas Tilsye and Ursula Russel in 1576.
999:
1003:
1002:
998:
1004:
976:. A proform is "...any form that stands in the place of, or does the job of, some other form." Sentences are composed of two parts, in order: the subject and the predicate. The subject is the topic of the sentence, while the predicate is the commentary about the subject.Question words are generally at the end of a sentence
772:, a teacher from Edinburgh, founded 'Braidwood's Academy for the Deaf and Dumb' in 1760, which is believed to be the first school for deaf children in Britain. The school primarily taught oral communication methods, as described by Francis Greenâwhose son attended the Braidwood schoolâin the anonymous treatise
1001:
1286:
undergraduate courses with specific streams for sign language interpreting exist at several
British universities; post-graduate level interpreting diplomas are also on offer from universities and one private company. Course entry requirements vary from no previous knowledge of BSL to NVQ level 6 BSL
1006:
951:
is defined by elements such as handshape, orientation, location, movement, and non-manual features. There are phonological components to sign language that have no meaning alone but work together to create a meaning of a signed word: hand shape, movement, location, orientation and facial expression.
922:
introduced the
British Sign Language Bill to recognise BSL as an official language, which was backed by the government. After being dormant from June 2021, the bill began moving through Parliament on 28 January 2022, but during a meeting with stakeholders on 7 February, the language of the bill was
781:
Mr
Braidwood hath frequently intimated to me, as an opinion founded upon his experience in this art, that articulate or spoken language hath so great and essential a tendency to confirm and enlarge ideas, above the power of written language, that it is almost impossible for deaf persons, without the
934:
is the study of language, including those like BSL that are not carried by sound. In all sign languages the great majority of 'words' (hand gestures) cannot be understood in other sign languages. How one language signs a certain number would be different from how another language signs it. The way
839:
As soon as Clerc beheld this sight his face became animated; he was as agitated as a traveller of sensibility would be on meeting all of a sudden in distant regions, a colony of his own countrymen... Clerc approached them. He made signs and they answered him by signs. The unexpected communication
315:
Somewhat neerre the place of his birth, there dwelt another, so affected, or rather defected, whose name was Kempe: which two, when they chaunced to meete, would use such kinde embracements, such stranfe, often, and earnest tokenings, and such heartie laughtes, and other passionate gestures, that
272:
estimates there are 151,000 BSL users in the UK, of whom 87,000 are Deaf. By contrast, in the 2011 England and Wales Census 15,000 people living in
England and Wales reported themselves using BSL as their main language. People who are not deaf may also use BSL, as hearing relatives of deaf people,
1259:
British Sign
Language can be learnt from formal institutions throughout the UK and three examination systems exist. Courses are provided by community colleges, local centres for deaf people and private organisations. A teaching qualification program was started by the British Deaf Association in
776:
In this account, Green describes how his son
Charles would surely develop "a perfect acquaintance with language both oral and written", and how deaf pupils were given "a tolerable general understanding of their own language so as to read, write, and speak it, with ease". Green also describes
1232:
The
British Sign Language Dictionary was compiled for the British Deaf Association by the Deaf Studies Research Unit at the University of Durham. It depicts over 1,800 signs through pictures and diagrams, each sign accompanied by definitions, explanations and usage. The signs are ordered not
1079:
In
Australia deaf schools were established by educated deaf people from London, Edinburgh and Dublin. This introduced the London and Edinburgh dialects of BSL to Melbourne and Sydney respectively and Irish Sign Language to Sydney in Roman Catholic schools for the deaf. The language contact
1080:
post-secondary education between
Australian ISL users and 'Australian BSL' users accounts for some of the dialectal differences we see between modern BSL and Auslan. Tertiary education in the US for some deaf Australian adults also accounts for some ASL borrowings found in modern Auslan.
1223:
In 2016 the
British Deaf Association (BDA) says that, based on official statistics, it believes there are 151,000 people who use BSL in the UK, and 87,000 of these are deaf. This figure does not include professional BSL users, interpreters, translators, etc. unless they use BSL at home.
872:
Until the 1940s, sign language skills were passed between deaf people without a unified sign language system; many deaf people lived in residential institutions. Signing was actively discouraged in schools by punishment, and deaf education emphasised teaching deaf children to learn to
1005:
2305:
McKee, D. & G. Kennedy (2000). Lexical Comparison of Signs from American, Australian, British, and New Zealand Sign Languages. In K. Emmorey and H. Lane (Eds), "The signs of language revisited: an anthology to honor Ursula Bellugi and Edward Klima". Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,
354:, recognised that sign language was unrelated to English. In 1661 he wrote that "The deaf man has no teacher at all and through necessity may put him upon... using signs, yet those have no affinity to the language by which they that are about him do converse among themselves."
801:(1809), where he opposed the use of signed versions of spoken language such as the Signed French used in the Paris school. The book contains lists of vocabulary and plates designed to encourage a child to acquire an understanding of written and spoken language.
1888:"Vox oculis subjecta;" a dissertation on the most curious and important art of imparting speech, and the knowledge of language, to the naturally deaf, and (consequently) dumb; with a particular account of the academy of Messrs. Braidwood of Edinburgh, ...
1871:"Vox oculis subjecta;" a dissertation on the most curious and important art of imparting speech, and the knowledge of language, to the naturally deaf, and (consequently) dumb; with a particular account of the academy of Messrs. Braidwood of Edinburgh, ...
1290:
The qualification process allows interpreters to register with the National Registers of Communication Professionals with Deaf and Deafblind People (NRCPD), a voluntary regulator. Registrants are asked to self-certify that they have both cleared a DBS
2315:
Johnston, T. (2002). BSL, Auslan and NZSL: Three sign languages or one? In A. Baker, B. van den Bogaerde & O. Crasborn (Eds.), "Cross-linguistic perspectives in sign language research: Selected papers from TISLR 2000" (pp. 47-69). Hamburg: Signum
1157:
also broadcasts in-vision signed repeats of the main channel's primetime programmes between 00:00 and 05:00 each weekday and early Saturday mornings. Also provides signing on weekday mornings between 08:00 and 09:00. All BBC channels (excluding
1233:
alphabetically, as a dictionary of the English language, but rather according to the phonological characteristics of the language. For example, signs that are based on the "fist" handshape come before signs based on the "open hand" handshape.
1332:
Chapman was nominated for the Bernard Matthews Youth Award 2014 for her work and devotion to raising awareness of the importance of sign language. Chapman won the education award category and was presented with an award by Olympic swimmer
881:, due to the prevailing belief across Europe established in the 1950s that signing was bad. From the 1970s there has been an increasing tolerance and instruction in BSL in schools. The language continues to evolve as older signs such as
365:
But, above all, there comes in the dumb boy that I knew in Oliver's time, who is mightily acquainted here, and with Downing; and he made strange signs of the fire, and how the King was abroad, and many things they understood, but I could
7202:
Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely,
1303:
Communication support workers (CSWs) are professionals who support the communication of deaf students in education at all ages, and deaf people in many areas of work, using British Sign Language and other communication methods such as
983:
structure. Topic-comment means that the topic of the signed conversation is first established, followed by an elaboration of the topic, being the 'comment' component. The canonical word order outside of the topicâcomment structure is
1000:
1067:
respectively, evolved largely from 19th century BSL, and all retain the same manual alphabet and grammar and possess similar lexicons. These three languages may technically be considered dialects of a single language
1781:
2630:
935:
sentences are constructed (syntax) differs from sign language to sign language, just as with different spoken languages. British Sign Language is described as a 'spatial language' as it "moves signs in space".
952:
The meanings of words differ if one of these components is changed. Signs can be identical in certain components but different in others, giving each a different meaning. Facial expression falls under the
1324:
Let Sign Shine is a campaign started by Norfolk teenager Jade Chapman to raise the awareness of BSL and attract signatures for a petition for BSL to be taught in schools. The campaign's petition to the
1093:, a communication system for people with cognitive impairments or other communication difficulties, was originally developed with signs borrowed from British Sign Language. The sign language used in
897:
have been coined. The evolution of the language and its changing level of acceptance meant that older users tend to use more finger spelling while younger ones make use of a wider range of signs.
844:
The Braidwood schools refused to teach Gallaudet their methods. Gallaudet then travelled to Paris and learned the educational methods of the French Royal Institution for the Deaf, a combination of
923:
revealed to have been pared down substantially, disappointing said stakeholders. The British Deaf Association stated that it was 'unhappy' with this removal of language from the bill.
2355:
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sign language interpreters or as a result of other contact with the British Deaf community. The language makes use of space and involves movement of the hands, body, face and head.
1105:
6143:
6200:
4751:
1778:
831:, one of the French visitors to the Braidwood school, provided a vivid description of Laurent Clerc's meeting with the deaf children in the bilingual English/French book,
343:
focuses on the meanings of gestures, expressions and body language, and describes signs and gestures in use at the time, some of which resemble signs still in use, while
2628:
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In June 2023, the UK Government launched a consultation for a GCSE in British Sign Language which is planned to begin teaching in schools from September 2025.
7104:
2377:
1792:, Director of the Deafness, Cognition and Language Research Centre based at University College London. British Science Association. Accessed October 2010.
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is also closely related to BSL despite the oral language not being English, demonstrating variation in distance between sign languages and spoken ones.
3165:
3140:
1985:
2443:
1267:
National awarding organisations run training for BSL teachers. Each of these organisations has its own curriculum, teaching materials and resources.
1185:
BSL is used in some educational establishments, but is not always the policy for deaf children in some local authority areas. The Let's Sign BSL and
1072:) due to their use of the same grammar and manual alphabet and the high degree of lexical sharing (overlap of signs). The term BANZSL was coined by
918:
mandates the provision of interpreters. On 18 March 2003 the UK government formally recognised that BSL is a language in its own right. In 2021,
323:, who had an adopted deaf daughter Chirothea Johnson, authored four late-Renaissance texts related to deafness, sign language and the human body:
7119:
2008:"Official recognition of British Sign Language 1987-2003 â suggested reading | UCL UCL Ear Institute & Action on Hearing Loss Libraries"
7297:
4403:
1038:
264:
hinted at a formal name for the language in 1960, the first usage of the term "British Sign Language" in an academic publication was likely by
2169:
1906:
1123:
Many British television channels broadcast programmes with in-vision signing, using BSL, as well as specially made programmes aimed mainly at
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cause a most delicious sensation in them and for us was a scene of expression and sensibility that gave us the most heart-felt satisfaction.
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2007:
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graphics are being developed for use in education by deaf educators and tutors and include many of the regional signs referred to above.
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Having been donated ÂŁ1,000 from the Bernard Matthews Youth Award, Let Sign Shine used this to start a British Sign Language course at
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347:
explores the use of lipreading by deaf people and the possibility of deaf education, and is dedicated to Bulwer's two deaf brothers.
907:
television in the 1980s and is credited with getting sign language on television and enabling deaf children to be educated in sign.
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307:(1602) includes a vivid description of Edward Bone, a deaf servant, meeting his deaf friend Kempe. Bone had some knowledge of
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1932:
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broadcasts in-vision signing at 06:45â07:30, 07:45â08:15, and 13:00â14:00 GMT/BST each weekday. 07:00â07:30 on the weekends.
915:
1749:
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813:, which was the first codification of British Sign Language. The Braidwood school later moved to London and was visited by
7159:
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was trained as a teacher of the deaf under Thomas Braidwood. He eventually left in 1792 to become the headmaster of the
268:. Based on the percentage of people who reported 'using British Sign Language at home' on the 2011 Scottish Census, the
6985:
6612:
6190:
4354:
2064:
1279:
370:
British Sign Language has evolved, as all languages do, from these origins by modification, invention and importation.
293:
Records show the existence of a sign language within deaf communities in England as far back as the 15th century. The
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their want of a tongue, seemed rather an hinderance to other conceiving them, then to their conceiving one another.
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7224:
Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.
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3022:
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1964:
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There are currently two well-established BSL language learning apps and web platforms: Bright BSL and Lingvano
1292:
1197:
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component of phonology. These include "eyebrow height, eye gaze, mouthing, head movement, and torso rotation."
727:
7287:
7078:
6041:
6036:
4948:
4305:
3570:
3080:
2919:
1977:
814:
7211:
both originated in English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to
7154:
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5657:
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3325:
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1308:. The qualifications and experience of CSWs vary: some are fully qualified interpreters, others are not.
985:
736:
2229:
864:
in 1817, which focused on manual communication and ASL, in contrast to the oral methods used in the UK.
7114:
6802:
6689:
5898:
5546:
3853:
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1014:
290:, which does not pass between generations, sign languages are shared by a large community of signers.
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2637:, Photo Gallery: Incredible young people from Norfolk and Suffolk are honoured with special awards.
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and is almost unintelligible to users of British Sign Language. Gallaudet went on to establish the
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65:
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833:
A collection of the Most Remarkable Definitions and Answers of Massieu and Clerc, Deaf and Dumb.
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2131:. University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.
809:
Although the Braidwood school focused on speech, it also used an early form of sign language,
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2356:"School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies | Victoria University of Wellington"
1150:
1891:
Royal College of Physicians in Edinburgh. London : sold by Benjamin White. p. 167.
311:
and was able to lipread, but appeared to prefer signing. Carew described the situation thus:
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2147:"'Children Are Just Lingual': The Development of Phonology in British Sign Language (BSL)"
8:
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The dictionary was edited by David Brien, assisted by a team composed by Mary Brennan,
1844:"Biography â GREEN, FRANCIS â Volume V (1801-1820) â Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
224:
7038:
6699:
2564:
2398:
2371:
2279:
2208:
1960:
1334:
1211:', were added to BSL, after being conceived by Liam Mcmulkin, a deaf graduate of the
980:
953:
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2690:
2087:"BSL Act Now: British Sign Language Bill discussion reveals UK Government changes"
1344:
Local Hero Awards on 7 October 2015. The award ceremony featured a performance by
1033:(ASL), having only 31% signs identical, or 44% cognate. BSL is also distinct from
7174:
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6949:
6828:
2865:
2829:
2803:
2762:
2653:
2634:
2273:
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1956:
1803:
1785:
1605:
Leahy, Anne (2015). "Research brief: Origins of Legal Interpreting Before 1700".
1532:
1073:
1026:
351:
125:
1508:
361:
described a conversation between George Downing and a deaf boy in November 1666:
7083:
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3109:
2808:
2791:
2752:
1959:, J. G. Kyle, B. Woll, G. Pullen, F. Maddix, Cambridge University Press, 1988.
1874:
Royal College of Physicians in Edinburgh. London : sold by Benjamin White.
1248:
1215:, who had found finger-spelling such words tiresome, during his degree course.
1186:
1170:) provide in-vision signing for some of their programmes. In 2023, over 10% of
1167:
1049:
904:
878:
265:
261:
253:
150:
100:
79:
51:
37:
1392:
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Laurent Clerc, who was deaf, was overjoyed to find fellow sign language users:
233:
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6939:
6934:
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2757:
2603:"British Sign Language GCSE: Everything you need to know - The Education Hub"
1884:
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1237:
944:
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249:
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1192:
In Northern Ireland, there are about 4,500 users of BSL and 1,500 users of
1124:
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358:
257:
1486:
1455:
1439:
1017:
press conference in November 2020; Welsh and English instantaneous signing
964:
In common with other languages, whether spoken or signed, BSL has its own
208:
7063:
6833:
2667:"Teenage campaigner Jade Chapman sets up sign language course with prize"
2343:
2326:
2042:
1789:
1364:
931:
874:
320:
159:
115:
2584:
1886:
1869:
1494:
1470:
1083:
Auslan, BSL and NZSL have 82% of signs identical (using concepts from a
7179:
6818:
6161:
5970:
5379:
4853:
3794:
2784:
2230:"How Do You Ask Questions in British Sign Language (BSL)? - Access BSL"
1397:
1110:
900:
794:
2682:
1278:
There are two qualification routes: via post-graduate studies, or via
6704:
6673:
6529:
5965:
2768:
2545:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1138:
1094:
948:
287:
217:
201:
6884:
6843:
6694:
6448:
2940:
2469:"BSL Northern Ireland Sign Language at all public Masses. Archives"
1340:
Chapman was also awarded an Outstanding Achievement Award from the
1163:
1133:
973:
183:
2251:"Grammatical Structure of British Sign Language · coHearentVision"
1247:
The Dictionary was published in 1992. The foreword was written by
6519:
2841:
2835:
1885:
Green, Francis; Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (1783).
1868:
Green, Francis; Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (1783).
1471:"Gestural Sign Language and the Study of Nonverbal Communication"
1374:
1159:
1154:
1117:
1109:
BSL interpreter below performers during The Gifting performance,
1090:
965:
179:
3118:
821:
in 1815, at the same time that an American Protestant minister,
7148:
6233:
3505:
3493:
3017:
2971:
2419:"Subtitled, Audio Described and Signed programming | Channel 4"
1533:
2011 Census: Quick Statistics for England and Wales, March 2011
1069:
1060:
969:
700:
379:
133:
187:
6848:
6838:
825:, travelled to Europe to research teaching of deaf people.
797:. He described his teaching methods in detail in his book,
89:
1957:
Sign Language: The Study of Deaf People and Their Language
1804:
Sign Language: the study of deaf people and their language
1264:, called BSL Tutor Training Course, which closed in 1999.
991:
968:
which govern how phrases are signed. BSL has a particular
2483:"Sign language is needed more than Irish: TUV's Allister"
2394:
The Linguistics of British Sign Language: An Introduction
2275:
The Linguistics of British Sign Language: An Introduction
2271:
1203:
In 2019, over 100 signs for scientific terms, including '
1128:
286:
BSL is a creation of the British Deaf community. Unlike
1196:, an unrelated sign language. A hybrid version, dubbed "
1174:
programming was signed, including popular shows such as
1021:
Although the United Kingdom and the United States share
237:
The BSL manual alphabet (right-hand-dominant form shown)
1273:
260:
community in the UK. While private correspondence from
1693:"John Bulwer, English physician, author, and educator"
1059:
The sign languages used in Australia and New Zealand,
7105:
Association of Visual Language Interpreters of Canada
1240:, Frances Elton, Liz Scott Gibson, Graham Turner and
1052:, a manually coded method expressed to represent the
295:
History of the Syon Monastery at Lisbon and Brentford
57:
2720:
2065:"Government backs vital British Sign Language Bill"
2032:, 25 September 2013, p.21. Accessed 28 January 2022
1227:
2190:
1329:attracted support from over four thousand people.
2546:"Help & Resources - British Deaf Association"
2502:"Bringing coronavirus news to the deaf community"
2390:
1254:
256:and is the first or preferred language among the
7249:
2376:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2358:. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008
1298:
7120:World Association of Sign Language Interpreters
2683:British Deaf Association Sign Language Resource
1468:
1029:, British Sign Language is quite distinct from
972:. One important component of BSL is its use of
2521:"What's deoxyribonucleotide in sign language?"
2397:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 24â25.
7110:International Center on Deafness and the Arts
3134:
2956:
2706:
2126:
1907:"Joseph Watson, Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb"
889:have fallen out of use and new signs such as
5168:
3184:
2558:
2391:Sutton-Spence, Rachel; Woll, Bencie (1998).
2197:The Oxford Companion to the English Language
782:use of speech, to be perfect in their ideas.
1604:
867:
856:(ASL) today has a 60% similarity to modern
71:
43:
29:
3141:
3127:
2963:
2949:
2713:
2699:
2559:Brien, David; Brennan, Mary, eds. (1992).
1437:
1041:system), which is more closely related to
988:(OSV), and noun phrases are head-initial.
88:
2188:
2129:The Linguistics of British Sign Language
1819:"Thomas Braidwood, The Braidwood School"
1625:"Marriage Certificate of Thomas Tillsye"
1440:"Naming British Sign Language 1960â1975"
1104:
995:
764:
232:
16:Sign language used in the United Kingdom
6915:Manually coded language in South Africa
2489:– via www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk.
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
992:Relationships with other sign languages
759:
7250:
2518:
2512:
2499:
2265:
2144:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
1988:from the original on 10 September 2014
1975:
1218:
804:
5167:
3183:
3122:
2944:
2694:
2184:
2182:
2140:
2138:
1900:
1898:
1687:
1685:
1654:
1652:
1650:
916:Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
799:On the Education of the Deaf and Dumb
777:Braidwood's views of spoken language:
735:
733:
726:
717:
715:
708:
706:
699:
690:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
662:
660:
658:
652:
650:
648:
642:
640:
638:
632:
626:
624:
612:
610:
608:
602:
600:
593:
591:
589:
583:
581:
579:
573:
571:
569:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
497:
447:
445:
443:
441:
439:
433:
431:
429:
414:
412:
410:
408:
406:
404:
402:
400:
398:
396:
394:
392:
390:
7293:Sign languages of the United Kingdom
2970:
2272:Sutton-Spence, R.; Woll, B. (1999).
2205:10.1093/acref/9780199661282.001.0001
1660:"Richard Carew's Survey of Cornwall"
1274:Becoming a BSL / English interpreter
73:Teanga ChomharthaĂochta na Breataine
7226:
7217:
7195:
3952:Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)
2561:Dictionary of British Sign Language
2227:
2093:
1930:
1904:
1816:
1779:Deaf people and linguistic research
13:
7273:Deaf culture in the United Kingdom
5265:Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti
4879:Jamaican Country (KS/Konchri Sain)
2179:
2175:from the original on 19 July 2018.
2135:
1895:
1807:Cambridge University Press, p. 263
1682:
1647:
1438:Leahy, Anne; Brown, Peter (2020).
1386:
1280:National Vocational Qualifications
14:
7309:
3148:
2676:
2656:, Norwich Radio Local Hero Award.
1319:
1251:, who was the patron of the BDA.
350:Another writer of the same time,
6847:
6638:Sandy River Valley Sign Language
2500:Gordon, Gareth (29 April 2020).
1976:Prasad, Raekha (19 March 2003).
1937:History of British Sign Language
1911:History of British Sign Language
1823:History of British Sign Language
1754:History of British Sign Language
1724:History of British Sign Language
1664:History of British Sign Language
1629:History of British Sign Language
1580:History of British Sign Language
1550:History of British Sign Language
1327:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1228:British Sign Language Dictionary
7263:Languages of the United Kingdom
7228:
7219:
7197:
7165:U.S. Army hand and arm signals
6249:Far North Queensland Indigenous
4871:Keresan Pueblo (KPISL/Keresign)
2722:Languages of the United Kingdom
2659:
2640:
2621:
2595:
2577:
2552:
2538:
2493:
2475:
2461:
2444:"Signed programmes | Channel 4"
2436:
2411:
2384:
2348:
2337:
2319:
2309:
2299:
2257:. 23 April 2013. Archived from
2243:
2221:
2079:
2057:
2035:
2022:
2000:
1969:
1950:
1924:
1878:
1861:
1836:
1810:
1795:
1772:
1742:
1712:
1617:
1370:Languages in the United Kingdom
6986:Bilingualâbicultural education
6306:Western Torres Strait Islander
5380:Kata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese)
3357:Western Torres Strait Islander
2519:Martin, Hazel (21 July 2019).
2278:. Cambridge University Press.
2189:McArthur, Tom (January 2018).
2127:Sutton-Spence, Rachel (1999).
2028:"Time to break the barriers".
1598:
1568:
1538:
1526:
1501:
1469:Cicourel, Aaron (April 1974).
1462:
1431:
1407:
1293:Disclosure and Barring Service
1255:Learning British Sign Language
1198:Northern Ireland Sign Language
926:
903:initiated deaf programming on
829:André-Daniel Laffon de Ladebat
30:
1:
7298:Objectâsubjectâverb languages
6058:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
5206:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
5068:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
4817:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
4324:Taiwanese (TSL/Taiwan Shouyu)
2741:Recognised regional languages
2563:. Durham: Faber & Faber.
2145:Morgan, Gary (October 2006).
1380:
1299:Communication support workers
421:
4644:Providence Island (Provisle)
4294:North West Frontier Province
2228:BSL, Access (11 June 2023).
2166:10.1016/j.lingua.2005.07.010
2043:"British Sign Language Bill"
1750:"Samuel Pepys diary extract"
1607:British Deaf History Journal
1535:, Accessed 17 February 2013.
1353:Dereham Neatherd High School
938:
862:American School for the Deaf
791:Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb
7:
7268:BANZSL Sign Language family
6244:Akitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke)
1393:British Sign Language (BSL)
1358:
1311:
848:and the signs developed by
139:British Sign Language (BSL)
24:British Sign Language (BSL)
10:
7314:
7115:Mimics and Gesture Theatre
6324:HawaiÊ»an (Haoilona Ê»Ćlelo)
6254:Arrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme)
5040:Trinidad and Tobago (TTSL)
4894:Hausa (HSL/Magannar Hannu)
4314:Japanese (JSL/Nihon Shuwa)
3708:Estonian (Eesti viipekeel)
2627:East Anglian Daily Press,
959:
276:
59:CĂ nan Soidhnidh Bhreatainn
7193:
7128:
7097:
7026:
7003:
6978:
6893:
6870:
6859:
6811:
6713:
6651:
6580:
6542:
6507:
6391:
6360:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
6223:
5933:
5618:
5309:
5174:
5160:
5101:
4799:HawaiÊ»i (Hoailona Ê»Ćlelo)
4657:
4632:
4609:Ktunaxa (ÊŸa·qanⱥiⱥⱥitnam)
4593:
4576:
4457:
4448:
4430:
4402:
4366:
4332:
4304:
4258:
4230:
4193:
4157:
4136:
4115:
4094:
4073:
4039:
4016:Kazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL)
3998:
3989:
3959:
3942:
3925:
3886:
3862:
3780:
3769:
3693:
3684:
3655:
3642:
3633:
3598:
3556:
3511:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
3501:
3492:
3462:
3433:
3420:
3411:
3378:
3369:
3344:
3316:
3190:
3174:
3166:List by number of signers
3156:
3103:
3066:
3043:
3010:
2994:
2978:
2907:
2874:
2817:
2740:
2728:
1758:University College London
1728:University College London
1668:University College London
1633:University College London
1584:University College London
1554:University College London
1065:New Zealand Sign Language
1048:It is also distinct from
746:
744:
724:
697:
684:
682:
666:
664:
656:
654:
646:
644:
636:
634:
606:
604:
587:
585:
577:
575:
567:
565:
549:
547:
545:
539:
537:
535:
529:
527:
525:
519:
517:
515:
509:
507:
505:
495:
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
281:
215:
199:
194:
170:
165:
147:
122:
106:
96:
87:
28:
23:
6925:Paget Gorman Sign System
6379:Samoa and American Samoa
5169:Sign languages by region
4954:Ottoman (Seraglio/Harem)
4680:Albarradas Sign Language
4670:Al-Sayyid Bedouin (ABSL)
4503:Meciciya ka pekiskwakehk
4355:Martha's Vineyard (MVSL)
4319:Korean (KSL/Hanguk Sueo)
3571:Finland-Swedish (FinSSL)
3185:Sign languages by family
2607:educationhub.blog.gov.uk
1513:British Deaf Association
1100:
868:Late 19th â 21st century
846:Old French Sign Language
823:Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
270:British Deaf Association
7170:Monastic sign languages
7018:Television shows (list)
6991:Manually coded language
6824:Hamburg Notation System
4617:Shuswap (Secwepemcékst)
3863:Indonesian (Nusantaric)
3586:Finnish (Viittomakieli)
3523:Northern Ireland (NISL)
2192:"British Sign Language"
1801:Kyle & Woll (1985).
1698:Encyclopedia Britannica
1403:(subscription required)
339:(1650). In particular,
45:Iaith Arwyddion Prydain
7141:CHCI chimpanzee center
6910:Manually coded English
6608:Henniker Sign Language
6274:Warumungu (Warramunga)
6259:Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka)
5253:Hausa (Magannar Hannu)
3161:List of sign languages
1509:"Help & Resources"
1306:Sign Supported English
1116:BSL has many regional
1113:
1031:American Sign Language
1018:
914:on an official level.
912:to have BSL recognised
854:American Sign Language
842:
784:
368:
318:
238:
72:
58:
44:
7278:Languages of Scotland
7258:British Sign Language
6965:Signing Exact English
6905:Indian Signing System
6628:Plateau Sign Language
6002:Inuit (Atgangmuurniq)
5579:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
5109:Amami Shuwa languages
4782:Guatemalan (Lensegua)
4722:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
4701:Caucasian (Harsneren)
4649:Old Cayman (Guyanese)
4177:Norwegian (TegnsprÄk)
4149:French Belgian (LSFB)
3581:Swedish (TeckensprÄk)
1931:UCL (7 August 2019).
1905:UCL (7 August 2019).
1817:UCL (7 August 2019).
1487:10.1353/sls.1974.0007
1475:Sign Language Studies
1456:10.1353/sls.2020.0024
1444:Sign Language Studies
1108:
1009:
910:BSL users campaigned
837:
779:
765:The Braidwood schools
417:British Sign Language
363:
357:Finally, the diarist
337:Anthropometamorphosis
313:
242:British Sign Language
236:
157:none widely accepted
7288:Languages of England
7213:French Sign Language
6920:Manually Coded Malay
6728:British (two-handed)
6664:Bimodal bilingualism
6294:Far North Queensland
5602:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
5124:Sri Lankan languages
5055:Venezuelan (LSV/VSL)
4959:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
4470:Chaticks si Chaticks
4450:Plains Sign Language
4368:Mayan (Meemul Tziij)
3870:Indonesian (Bisindo)
3548:South African (SASL)
3271:Far North Queensland
2652:8 March 2016 at the
2633:8 March 2016 at the
1262:University of Durham
1213:University of Dundee
1043:French Sign Language
858:French Sign Language
774:Vox oculis subjecta.
760:Early deaf education
5135:Tanzanian languages
5114:Ethiopian languages
5081:Nanabin (NanabinSL)
4172:Icelandic (TĂĄknmĂĄl)
3887:Francophone African
3845:Puerto Rican (PRSL)
3703:Swiss-German (DSGS)
3634:Chilean-Paraguayan-
2908:Languages by region
1933:"Laffon de Ladebat"
1219:Number of BSL users
1209:deoxyribonucleoside
1205:deoxyribonucleotide
1194:Irish Sign Language
1127:people such as the
1076:and Adam Schembri.
1035:Irish Sign Language
1025:as the predominant
986:objectâsubjectâverb
852:. As a consequence
811:the combined system
805:International links
728:Northern Ireland SL
172:Recognised minority
7283:Languages of Wales
7136:Baby sign language
7034:Jabbar Baghtcheban
6515:International Sign
6418:Brazilian (Libras)
6332:New Zealand (NZSL)
6279:Mudbura (Mudburra)
6207:Sandy River Valley
6186:Keresan (Keresign)
5777:Yugoslav (Kosovar)
5148:International Sign
5129:Sudanese languages
4752:Navajo/Diné Family
4566:WĂyut'a / WĂblut'e
4404:Original Thai Sign
4182:Danish (Tegnsprog)
3725:Brazilian (Libras)
3538:New Zealand (NZSL)
2331:BSL Corpus Project
2089:. 8 February 2022.
1982:Guardian Unlimited
1784:2011-06-04 at the
1342:Radio Norwich 99.9
1114:
1037:(ISL) (ISG in the
1019:
305:Survey of Cornwall
239:
112:77,000 (2014)
31:Breetish Sign Leid
7245:
7244:
7238:extinct languages
7160:Legal recognition
7039:Jeanette Berglind
6999:
6998:
6700:Nonmanual feature
6613:Martha's Vineyard
6538:
6537:
6192:Martha's Vineyard
5687:Faroese (TeknmĂĄl)
5409:Al-Sayyid Bedouin
5219:Bouakako (LaSiBo)
5156:
5155:
5141:Zimsign languages
5119:Laotian languages
5003:Rwandan (AKR/AMR)
4762:Ecuadorian (LSEC)
4707:Azerbaijani (AÄ°D)
4628:
4627:
4226:
4225:
4069:
4068:
3985:
3984:
3975:Cypriot (ÎÎÎ/KNG)
3680:
3679:
3608:Chinese (CSL/ZGS)
3594:
3593:
3488:
3487:
3458:
3457:
3365:
3364:
3220:Eltye eltyarrenke
3200:
3199:multiple families
3116:
3115:
3110:extinct languages
3099:
3098:
3023:Papua New Guinean
2938:
2937:
2729:Official language
2261:on 23 April 2013.
2160:(10): 1507â1523.
2010:. Blogs.ucl.ac.uk
1720:"George Dalgarno"
1401:(18th ed., 2015)
1335:Rebecca Adlington
1287:(or equivalent).
1200:", is also used.
1007:
954:nonmanual feature
754:
753:
750:
749:
740:(c. 1860âpresent)
731:(c. 1920âpresent)
722:(c. 1900âpresent)
713:(c. 1870âpresent)
704:(c. 1860âpresent)
695:(c. 1990âpresent)
620:(c. 1800âpresent)
616:Swedish SL family
598:(c. 1860âpresent)
231:
230:
7305:
7232:
7223:
7201:
7089:Pierre PĂ©lissier
7074:Thomas Gallaudet
7049:Thomas Braidwood
6880:Initialized sign
6868:
6867:
6851:
6336:Papua New Guinea
6239:Australian-Irish
5945:Plains Sign Talk
5825:Northern Ireland
5821:Northern Ireland
5344:Hong Kong (HKSL)
5165:
5164:
4944:Nicaraguan (ISN)
4859:Kenyan (KSL/LAK)
4675:Albanian (AlbSL)
4455:
4454:
4269:Bangalore-Madras
4250:Israeli (Shassi)
4218:Thai (TSL/MSTSL)
4128:Honduran (LESHO)
3996:
3995:
3854:Singapore (SgSL)
3790:Black ASL (BASL)
3778:
3777:
3718:Australian-Irish
3691:
3690:
3640:
3639:
3616:Hong Kong (HKSL)
3576:Portuguese (LGP)
3566:Eritrean (EriSL)
3499:
3498:
3418:
3417:
3376:
3375:
3314:
3313:
3198:
3181:
3180:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3120:
3119:
3064:
3063:
3056:Northern Ireland
2972:BANZSL languages
2965:
2958:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2920:Northern Ireland
2715:
2708:
2701:
2692:
2691:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2657:
2646:Let Sign Shine,
2644:
2638:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2487:Belfasttelegraph
2479:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2448:www.channel4.com
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2423:www.channel4.com
2415:
2409:
2408:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2375:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2352:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2194:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2124:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2039:
2033:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1978:"Sound and Fury"
1973:
1967:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1814:
1808:
1799:
1793:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1656:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1546:"The Beginnings"
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1390:
1244:, among others.
1054:English language
1011:Welsh Government
1008:
943:Like many other
770:Thomas Braidwood
737:South African SL
622:
426:
423:
388:
387:
376:
375:
227:
211:
204:
174:language in
153:
128:
92:
83:
75:
69:
61:
55:
47:
41:
33:
21:
20:
7313:
7312:
7308:
7307:
7306:
7304:
7303:
7302:
7248:
7247:
7246:
7241:
7189:
7175:Tactile signing
7124:
7093:
7022:
6995:
6974:
6950:Signed Japanese
6896:
6889:
6862:
6855:
6829:Stokoe notation
6807:
6709:
6669:Phonology (ASL)
6647:
6582:
6576:
6534:
6503:
6402:Argentine (LSA)
6387:
6219:
6042:New Costa Rican
6037:Old Costa Rican
5937:
5935:
5929:
5813:North Macedonia
5614:
5305:
5240:Bamako (LaSiMa)
5170:
5152:
5102:Other groupings
5097:
4949:Old Costa Rican
4924:Burkina (Mossi)
4904:Mauritian (MSL)
4777:Ghardaia (AJSL)
4690:Argentine (LSA)
4653:
4635:
4624:
4589:
4572:
4444:
4426:
4398:
4362:
4328:
4300:
4261:
4254:
4222:
4189:
4159:Danish (Tegnic)
4153:
4132:
4111:
4090:
4065:
4040:Yugoslavic Sign
4035:
4006:Bulgarian (ĐĐĐ)
3991:
3981:
3970:Greek (ÎÎÎ/ENG)
3955:
3945:Hoailona Ê»Ćlelo
3938:
3921:
3908:Bamako (LaSiMa)
3889:(Françafrosign)
3888:
3882:
3858:
3830:Malaysian (BIM)
3772:
3765:
3740:Valencian (LSV)
3676:
3667:Paraguay (LSPY)
3658:
3651:
3635:
3629:
3590:
3552:
3484:
3454:
3429:
3413:
3407:
3371:Arab (Ishaaric)
3361:
3340:
3312:
3225:Iltyeme iltyeme
3196:
3193:
3186:
3176:
3170:
3152:
3147:
3117:
3112:
3095:
3081:Finland-Swedish
3062:
3039:
3006:
2990:
2974:
2969:
2939:
2934:
2903:
2870:
2830:Beurla Reagaird
2818:Other languages
2813:
2804:Scottish Gaelic
2736:
2724:
2719:
2688:
2679:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2654:Wayback Machine
2645:
2641:
2635:Wayback Machine
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2557:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2517:
2513:
2498:
2494:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2389:
2385:
2369:
2368:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2338:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2270:
2266:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2187:
2180:
2172:
2149:
2143:
2136:
2125:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2067:. UK Government
2063:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2045:. UK Parliament
2041:
2040:
2036:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1974:
1970:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1903:
1896:
1883:
1879:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1815:
1811:
1800:
1796:
1786:Wayback Machine
1777:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1760:. 7 August 2019
1748:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1730:. 7 August 2019
1718:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1670:. 7 August 2019
1658:
1657:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1635:. 7 August 2019
1623:
1622:
1618:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1586:. 7 August 2019
1574:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1556:. 7 August 2019
1544:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1517:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1467:
1463:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1361:
1322:
1314:
1301:
1276:
1257:
1230:
1221:
1103:
1074:Trevor Johnston
1045:(LSF) and ASL.
1027:spoken language
996:
994:
962:
941:
929:
870:
807:
767:
762:
756:
739:
730:
721:
712:
703:
694:
619:
613:
597:
424:
419:
373:
352:George Dalgarno
284:
279:
223:
207:
200:
190:
186:
182:
175:
173:
166:Official status
158:
154:
149:
143:
129:
126:Language family
124:
113:
109:
108:Native speakers
77:
70:
66:Scottish Gaelic
63:
56:
49:
42:
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7311:
7301:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7243:
7242:
7194:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7138:
7132:
7130:
7126:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7101:
7099:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7091:
7086:
7084:William Stokoe
7081:
7076:
7071:
7069:Valerie Sutton
7066:
7061:
7059:AbbĂ© de l'ĂpĂ©e
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7030:
7028:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7015:
7009:
7007:
7001:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6993:
6988:
6982:
6980:
6976:
6975:
6973:
6972:
6970:Signed Swedish
6967:
6962:
6960:Signed Spanish
6957:
6952:
6947:
6945:Signed Italian
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6901:
6899:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6871:
6865:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6815:
6813:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6788:Serbo-Croatian
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6719:
6717:
6715:Fingerspelling
6711:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6655:
6653:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6586:
6584:
6578:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6548:
6546:
6540:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6511:
6509:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6496:
6493:
6488:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6467:
6462:
6459:
6454:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6438:
6433:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6412:
6407:
6404:
6399:
6395:
6393:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6334:
6329:
6326:
6321:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6301:Western Desert
6298:
6297:
6296:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6227:
6225:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6198:
6195:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6175:
6172:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6159:
6152:American (ASL)
6149:
6146:
6144:Old Salvadoran
6141:
6136:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6120:
6115:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6089:
6084:
6081:
6076:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6060:
6055:
6052:
6047:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6021:
6014:
6011:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5992:Maritime (MSL)
5989:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5968:
5961:American (ASL)
5958:
5955:
5950:
5947:
5941:
5939:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5907:Central Taurus
5904:
5901:
5896:
5893:
5888:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5867:
5862:
5859:
5854:
5851:
5846:
5843:
5838:
5835:
5830:
5827:
5822:
5819:
5814:
5811:
5806:
5803:
5798:
5795:
5790:
5787:
5782:
5779:
5774:
5771:
5766:
5763:
5758:
5755:
5750:
5747:
5742:
5739:
5734:
5731:
5726:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5705:
5700:
5697:
5692:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5676:
5671:
5668:
5663:
5662:United Kingdom
5660:
5658:French Belgian
5655:
5650:
5647:
5642:
5639:
5634:
5631:
5626:
5622:
5620:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5581:
5576:
5573:
5568:
5565:
5560:
5557:
5552:
5549:
5544:
5541:
5536:
5533:
5528:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5502:
5497:
5494:
5489:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5468:
5463:
5460:
5458:Kazakh-Russian
5455:
5452:
5447:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5390:
5385:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5369:
5364:
5362:Indo-Pakistani
5359:
5354:
5349:
5346:
5341:
5338:
5333:
5330:
5325:
5322:
5317:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5295:
5290:
5287:
5282:
5279:
5274:
5271:
5266:
5263:
5258:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5229:
5224:
5221:
5216:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5200:
5195:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5132:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5078:
5075:
5070:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4988:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4974:Peruvian (LSP)
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4919:Miyakubo Shuwa
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4873:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4796:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4757:Dogon/Douentza
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4614:
4611:
4606:
4603:
4599:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4581:
4579:American (ASL)
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4440:Namibian (NSL)
4436:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4408:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4376:
4372:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4346:
4338:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4264:
4260:Indo-Pakistani
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4163:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4107:Tunisian (TSL)
4104:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4061:Yugoslav (YSL)
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4047:Croatian (HZJ)
4043:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4002:
4000:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3966:
3964:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3947:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3918:Sierra Leonean
3916:
3913:
3910:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3843:
3841:Filipino (FSL)
3838:
3835:
3832:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3785:American (ASL)
3781:
3775:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3761:Romanian (LSR)
3758:
3757:
3756:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3698:Algerian (LSA)
3694:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3659:Uruguayan Sign
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3647:Chilean (LSCh)
3643:
3637:
3636:Uruguayan Sign
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3604:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3533:Maritime (MSL)
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
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2677:External links
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2609:. 15 June 2023
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1576:"BSL Timeline"
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1450:(4): 691â698.
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1415:"BSL on paper"
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1168:BBC Parliament
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6365:Rossel Island
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6355:Mount Avejaha
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5277:South African
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5088:Yoruban (YSL)
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5073:Bura (Burasl)
5071:
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5064:West African
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5050:Ugandan (USL)
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5045:Turkish (TÄ°D)
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5030:Spanish (LSE)
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4998:Rossel Island
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4986:Qahveh Khaneh
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4929:Mount Avejaha
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4907:
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4812:Atgangmuurniq
4810:
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4787:Guinea-Bissau
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4405:
4401:
4393:Cepeda Peraza
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:Highland Maya
4374:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4306:Japanese Sign
4303:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4144:Flemish (VGT)
4142:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4123:Mexican (LSM)
4121:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4102:Italian (LIS)
4100:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4031:Russian (Đ ĐĐŻ)
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4021:Latvian (LSL)
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3988:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3958:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3941:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3924:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3885:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3735:Catalan (LSC)
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3673:
3672:Uruguay (LSU)
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3632:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3518:British (BSL)
3516:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3336:Ngaatjatjarra
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3195:
3189:
3182:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3150:Sign language
3144:
3139:
3137:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2986:South African
2984:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2961:
2959:
2954:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2861:Scottish Cant
2859:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2668:
2662:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2624:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2547:
2541:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2470:
2464:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2373:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2344:Auslan corpus
2340:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2312:
2302:
2287:
2285:9780521637183
2281:
2277:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2231:
2224:
2216:
2214:9780199661282
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2185:
2183:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2139:
2130:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2088:
2082:
2066:
2060:
2044:
2038:
2031:
2025:
2009:
2003:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1864:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1775:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1534:
1529:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1416:
1410:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1317:
1309:
1307:
1296:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1242:Dorothy Miles
1239:
1238:Clark Denmark
1234:
1225:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1012:
989:
987:
982:
981:topicâcomment
977:
975:
971:
967:
957:
955:
950:
946:
936:
933:
924:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
824:
820:
819:Laurent Clerc
816:
812:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:Joseph Watson
783:
778:
775:
771:
757:
743:
738:
729:
720:
711:
702:
693:
689:
687:
631:
629:
621:
617:
596:
554:
551:
543:
541:
533:
531:
523:
521:
513:
511:
503:
501:
500:
493:
469:
467:
451:
449:
438:
436:
418:
389:
386:
385:
381:
378:
377:
374:
371:
367:
362:
360:
355:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:Pathomyotamia
330:
326:
322:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
301:Richard Carew
298:
296:
291:
289:
274:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:sign language
247:
243:
235:
226:
222:
220:
219:
214:
210:
206:
203:
198:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
169:
164:
161:
156:
152:
146:
140:
137:
136:
135:
131:
127:
121:
117:
111:
105:
102:
99:
95:
91:
86:
81:
74:
67:
60:
53:
46:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
7233:
7227:
7218:
7216:
7208:
7196:
7013:Films (list)
6930:Signed Dutch
6875:Contact sign
6320:Hawaii (USA)
6213:
6206:
6191:
6016:
6007:
5899:Swiss-German
5665:
5535:Saudi Arabia
5273:South Africa
5007:
4990:
4864:Somali (SSL)
4791:
4699:
4634:Providenciaâ
4613:Nesilextcl'n
4586:Oneida (OSL)
4548:Tickanwaâątic
4536:Schitsu'umsh
4518:NĆłmÄ
ÌkhĆłÌ·ki
4432:Paget Gorman
4353:
4348:
4341:
4333:
4297:Punjab-Sindh
4245:Polish (PJM)
4240:German (DGS)
4116:Mexican Sign
4095:Italian Sign
3999:Russian Sign
3962:French (LSF)
3935:Oneida (OSL)
3849:Quebec (LSQ)
3834:Oneida (OSL)
3751:
3747:French (LSF)
3600:Chinese Sign
3558:Swedish Sign
3517:
3282:
3253:
3236:
3229:
3207:
3105:
3050:
2896:
2881:
2853:
2846:
2834:
2797:Ulster Scots
2767:
2687:
2661:
2642:
2623:
2611:. Retrieved
2606:
2597:
2589:signteach.eu
2588:
2579:
2560:
2554:
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2524:
2514:
2505:
2495:
2486:
2477:
2463:
2451:. Retrieved
2447:
2438:
2426:. Retrieved
2422:
2413:
2393:
2386:
2360:. Retrieved
2350:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2311:
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2274:
2267:
2259:the original
2254:
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2223:
2196:
2157:
2153:
2128:
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2037:
2029:
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1981:
1971:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1936:
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1910:
1887:
1880:
1870:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1848:biographi.ca
1847:
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1822:
1812:
1802:
1797:
1788:, Professor
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1753:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1723:
1714:
1702:. Retrieved
1696:
1672:. Retrieved
1663:
1637:. Retrieved
1628:
1619:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1588:. Retrieved
1579:
1570:
1558:. Retrieved
1549:
1540:
1528:
1516:. Retrieved
1512:
1503:
1481:(4): 35â76.
1478:
1474:
1464:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1409:
1396:
1388:
1350:
1346:Alesha Dixon
1339:
1331:
1323:
1315:
1302:
1289:
1284:Deaf studies
1277:
1269:
1266:
1260:1984 at the
1258:
1246:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1202:
1191:
1184:
1149:
1142:
1132:
1122:
1115:
1089:
1085:Swadesh list
1082:
1078:
1058:
1047:
1020:
978:
963:
942:
930:
920:Rosie Cooper
909:
899:
894:
890:
886:
882:
879:finger spell
871:
843:
838:
832:
827:
810:
808:
798:
785:
780:
773:
768:
755:
718:
614:
416:
382:family tree
372:
369:
364:
359:Samuel Pepys
356:
349:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
314:
304:
299:
294:
292:
285:
252:used in the
245:
241:
240:
216:
138:
18:
7155:Open Outcry
7079:Abbé Sicard
7064:Roger Fouts
6895:Signed Oral
6834:SignWriting
6682:Orientation
6652:Linguistics
6633:Pitha Pitha
6328:New Zealand
6264:Manjiljarra
6135:El Salvador
5895:Switzerland
5805:Netherlands
5645:Azerbaijani
5587:Old Bangkok
5527:Philippines
5215:Ivory Coast
5009:Sandy River
4747:Cuban (LSC)
4636:Cayman Sign
4485:Hinono'eino
4476:Coahuilteco
4461:Anishinaabe
4422:Old Bangkok
4343:Old Kentish
4272:Beluchistan
4232:German Sign
4213:Ho Chi Minh
4137:Old Belgian
4081:Dutch (NGT)
3820:Costa Rican
3713:Irish (ISL)
3657:Paraguayan-
3448:Palestinian
3331:Manjiljarra
3326:Kartutjarra
3261:Rdaka rdaka
3255:Pitha Pitha
3035:New Zealand
3011:Australasia
2898:Old Kentish
2825:Angloromani
2775:Guernésiais
2669:. BBC News.
2235:15 November
1790:Bencie Woll
1613:(3): 34â37.
1365:Inspirisles
1172:Channel 4's
979:BSL uses a
932:Linguistics
927:Linguistics
815:Abbé Sicard
692:Papua NG SL
595:Maritime SL
425: 1760
335:(1649) and
321:John Bulwer
160:SignWriting
116:L2 speakers
7252:Categories
7180:Protactile
6819:ASL-phabet
6803:Portuguese
6705:Sign names
6690:Expression
6618:Old French
6603:Kalkutungu
6572:Name signs
6562:Literature
6499:Venezuelan
6473:Inmaculada
6465:Paraguayan
6457:Ecuadorian
6311:Yir Yoront
6162:Protactile
6139:Salvadoran
6131:Panamanian
6118:Nicaraguan
6095:Albarradas
6066:Guatemalan
6023:Costa Rica
6018:Old Cayman
5971:Protactile
5849:Portuguese
5817:Macedonian
5793:Lithuanian
5641:Azerbaijan
5610:Vietnamese
5567:Tajikistan
5555:Sri Lankan
5454:Kazakhstan
5424:Kafr Qasem
5375:Indonesian
5077:Mofu-Gudur
5015:Salvadoran
4992:Rennellese
4979:Inmaculada
4934:Mozambican
4884:Macedonian
4854:Kata Kolok
4844:Kafr Qasim
4803:Creole HSL
4554:Tsuu T'ina
4515:NiitsĂtapi
4509:Ni Mii Puu
4500:Maagiadawa
4464:ApsĂĄalooke
4390:Trascorral
4074:Dutch Sign
3877:Yogyakarta
3837:Panamanian
3795:Protactile
3753:Old French
3730:Lithuanian
3686:Francosign
3303:Yir Yoront
3290:Warramunga
3238:Kalkutungu
3194:Aboriginal
3192:Australian
3086:Portuguese
2785:Sercquiais
2570:0571143466
2404:0521631424
2291:7 December
2255:archive.is
2071:5 February
2049:5 February
1992:30 January
1965:0521357179
1398:Ethnologue
1381:References
1111:LEEDS 2023
901:Paddy Ladd
887:pawnbroker
795:Bermondsey
719:British SL
345:Philocopus
341:Chirologia
329:Philocopus
325:Chirologia
7236:indicate
6897:Languages
6798:Ukrainian
6758:Hungarian
6743:Esperanto
6674:Handshape
6643:Warluwara
6583:languages
6567:Profanity
6530:Signalong
6495:Venezuela
6491:Uruguayan
6444:Colombian
6398:Argentina
6269:Warlmanpa
6230:Australia
6168:Blackfeet
6157:Black ASL
6114:Nicaragua
6062:Guatemala
6054:Greenland
5977:Blackfoot
5966:Black ASL
5934:North and
5925:Ukrainian
5883:Valencian
5865:Slovenian
5833:Norwegian
5789:Lithuania
5753:Icelandic
5745:Hungarian
5592:Chiangmai
5563:Taiwanese
5551:Sri Lanka
5547:Singapore
5543:Singapore
5500:Mongolian
5474:Malaysian
5371:Indonesia
5340:Hong Kong
5328:Cambodian
5285:Tanzanian
5161:By region
4717:Bhutanese
4512:NiimĂipuu
4494:Karankawa
4417:Hai Phong
4412:Chiangmai
4203:Hai Phong
4195:Viet-Thai
4057:Slovenian
4026:Mongolian
3992:Hungarian
3928:Hand Talk
3895:Ethiopian
3823:Dominican
3817:Cambodian
3612:Shanghai
3442:Jordanian
3435:Levantine
3414:Levantine
3299:Yan-nhaĆu
3284:Warluwara
3278:Warlmanpa
3244:Miriwoong
3108:indicate
2769:Auregnais
1180:Gogglebox
1176:Hollyoaks
1139:Channel 4
1095:Sri Lanka
949:phonology
939:Phonology
288:home sign
218:Glottolog
202:ISO 639-3
6885:Mouthing
6861:Language
6844:ASLwrite
6768:Japanese
6723:American
6695:Mouthing
6686:Movement
6678:Location
6623:Old Kent
6589:Chilmark
6525:Monastic
6478:Peruvian
6461:Paraguay
6449:Provisle
6440:Colombia
6410:Bolivian
6370:Sinasina
6214:Henniker
6174:Cheyenne
6126:Chiriqui
6087:Honduran
6083:Honduras
5953:Belizean
5861:Slovenia
5845:Portugal
5711:Ghardaia
5695:Estonian
5674:Croatian
5637:Austrian
5629:Armenian
5583:Thailand
5531:Filipino
5523:Nepalese
5508:Ghandruk
5496:Mongolia
5492:Maldives
5488:Maldives
5484:Selangor
5470:Malaysia
5442:Miyakubo
5432:Japanese
5414:Ghardaia
5324:Cambodia
5281:Tanzania
5194:Cameroon
5190:Ghardaia
5185:Algerian
5020:Sinasina
4793:Henniker
4772:Ghandruk
4712:Belizean
4695:Armenian
4658:Isolates
4605:Kalispel
4602:A'aninin
4560:Wazhazhe
4557:Umatilla
4539:Shiwinna
4530:Piipaash
4479:Dane-zaa
4473:Cheyenne
4378:Yucatec
4349:Chilmark
4283:Calcutta
4167:Malagasy
4011:Georgian
3915:Nigerian
3912:Moroccan
3901:Ghanaian
3826:Jamaican
3812:Mandalay
3801:Bolivian
3771:American
3463:Possible
3445:Lebanese
3383:Egyptian
3249:Mudburra
3215:Djingili
3177:families
3175:Language
3002:Maritime
2995:Americas
2925:Scotland
2915:Cornwall
2780:JĂšrriais
2650:Archived
2631:Archived
2585:"5.8 UK"
2530:3 August
2525:BBC News
2506:BBC News
2453:15 April
2428:15 April
2372:cite web
2170:Archived
1986:Archived
1782:Archived
1518:19 March
1495:26203093
1359:See also
1312:BSL apps
1164:BBC Alba
1151:BBC News
1134:See Hear
1118:dialects
1015:COVID-19
974:proforms
891:internet
875:lip read
331:(1648),
327:(1644),
225:brit1235
184:Scotland
114:250,000
7234:Italics
7185:Tic-tac
7027:Persons
6863:contact
6812:Writing
6793:Spanish
6783:Russian
6738:Chilean
6733:Catalan
6598:Jaralde
6581:Extinct
6552:Grammar
6520:Makaton
6487:Uruguay
6453:Ecuador
6436:Chilean
6428:Ka'apor
6406:Bolivia
6224:Oceania
6110:Mexican
6100:Chatino
6079:Haitian
6008:Plateau
5938:America
5936:Central
5921:Ukraine
5917:Turkish
5891:Swedish
5878:Spanish
5873:Catalan
5857:Russian
5801:Russian
5797:Moldova
5785:Latvian
5769:Italian
5757:Ireland
5749:Iceland
5741:Hungary
5725:Germany
5703:Finnish
5699:Finland
5691:Estonia
5678:Denmark
5670:Croatia
5666:British
5653:Flemish
5649:Belgium
5633:Austria
5625:Armenia
5606:Vietnam
5571:Russian
5513:Jhankot
5466:Laotian
5419:Israeli
5401:Kurdish
5388:Persian
5357:Bengali
5336:Chinese
5320:Bengali
5301:Zambian
5293:Ugandan
5257:Senegal
5244:Nigeria
5211:Nanabin
5181:Algeria
5093:Zambian
4969:Persian
4875:Kisindo
4834:Ka'apor
4824:Jhankot
4742:Chatino
4595:Plateau
4577:Mixed,
4569:Wyandot
4563:Wichita
4551:ThĂĄumgĂĄ
4533:PpĂĄâżkka
4521:NÊmÊnÊÊ
4497:Liksiyu
4488:HiraacĂĄ
4467:Arikara
4334:Kentish
4276:Bengali
4186:TeknmĂĄl
4086:Gambian
4054:Serbian
4051:Kosovar
3990:Austro-
3960:Mixed,
3943:Mixed,
3926:Mixed,
3904:Guinean
3898:Chadian
3874:Jakarta
3805:Burmese
3773:(ASLic)
3470:Emirati
3388:Kuwaiti
3231:Jaralde
3106:Italics
3091:Swedish
3076:Finnish
3068:Swedish
3051:British
2882:British
2855:Pictish
2842:Llanito
2836:Cumbric
2748:Cornish
2734:English
2613:15 July
2362:26 July
2316:Verlag.
2014:3 March
1423:27 June
1375:Makaton
1207:' and '
1160:BBC One
1155:BBC Two
1091:Makaton
1023:English
966:grammar
960:Grammar
905:British
309:Cornish
277:History
248:) is a
180:England
7149:Loulis
7145:Washoe
6979:Others
6778:Polish
6773:Korean
6753:German
6748:French
6593:Diyari
6557:Idioms
6414:Brazil
6383:Samoan
6345:Kailge
6289:Umpila
6234:Auslan
6197:Navajo
6181:Oneida
6177:Ojibwa
6122:Panama
6091:Mexico
6032:Brunca
6027:Bribri
6013:Cayman
5997:Quebec
5987:Oneida
5983:Ojibwa
5957:Canada
5949:Belize
5912:Mardin
5903:Turkey
5887:Sweden
5853:Russia
5841:Polish
5837:Poland
5829:Norway
5781:Latvia
5773:Kosovo
5733:Greece
5729:German
5716:French
5707:France
5682:Danish
5619:Europe
5559:Taiwan
5479:Penang
5450:Korean
5437:Koniya
5405:Israel
5352:Alipur
5316:Bengal
5297:Zambia
5289:Uganda
5269:Somali
5227:Kenyan
5198:Maroua
5175:Africa
5131:(~150)
4964:Penang
4909:M'bour
4899:Mardin
4849:Kailge
4839:Kajana
4808:Inuit
4732:Brunca
4727:Bribri
4685:Alipur
4665:Afghan
4621:Sqeliz
4506:Nakota
4384:Nohkop
4381:ChicĂĄn
4290:Nepali
4280:Bombay
3809:Yangon
3543:Samoan
3529:Fijian
3506:Auslan
3494:BANZSL
3451:Syrian
3412:Iraqiâ
3403:Yemeni
3393:Libyan
3352:Meriam
3266:Umpila
3209:Diyari
3044:Europe
3030:Samoan
3018:Auslan
2979:Africa
2866:Shelta
2763:Norman
2567:
2401:
2327:"Home"
2282:
2211:
2154:Lingua
1963:
1942:17 May
1916:17 May
1853:17 May
1828:17 May
1764:17 May
1734:17 May
1704:17 May
1674:17 May
1639:17 May
1590:17 May
1560:17 May
1493:
1144:VEE-TV
1070:BANZSL
1061:Auslan
1013:daily
970:syntax
947:, BSL
701:Auslan
427:â1900)
380:BANZSL
366:not...
282:Origin
134:BANZSL
118:(2013)
76:
62:
48:
34:
7005:Media
6763:Irish
6483:Sivia
6432:Chile
6375:Wanib
6350:Mehek
6316:YolĆu
6284:Ngada
6105:Mayan
6075:Haiti
6071:Mayan
6050:Cuban
5869:Spain
5809:Dutch
5765:Italy
5761:Irish
5737:Greek
5721:Lyons
5575:Tibet
5539:Saudi
5518:Jumla
5504:Nepal
5446:Korea
5428:Japan
5396:Iraqi
5348:India
5332:China
5261:Mbour
5235:Tebul
5223:Kenya
5202:Ghana
5060:Wanib
5035:Tebul
5025:Sivia
4914:Mehek
4829:Jumla
4542:Sioux
4527:Palus
4524:Omaha
4387:Nohya
4286:Delhi
4208:Hanoi
3620:Macau
3480:Omani
3475:Saudi
3425:Iraqi
3308:YolĆu
2930:Wales
2887:Irish
2809:Welsh
2792:Scots
2753:Irish
2173:(PDF)
2150:(PDF)
1491:JSTOR
1418:(PDF)
1101:Usage
895:laser
188:Wales
80:Irish
52:Welsh
38:Scots
7207:and
6839:si5s
6469:Peru
6423:Cena
6340:Enga
6171:Cree
6046:Cuba
5980:Cree
5597:Thai
5462:Laos
5392:Iraq
5384:Iran
5367:Naga
5310:Asia
5248:Bura
5231:Mali
5137:(7+)
4939:Naga
4767:Enga
4737:Cena
4545:Taos
4491:IcÄk
4482:Diné
4262:Sign
2848:Norn
2758:Manx
2615:2023
2565:ISBN
2532:2019
2455:2023
2430:2023
2399:ISBN
2378:link
2364:2017
2306:Inc.
2293:2014
2280:ISBN
2237:2023
2209:ISBN
2073:2022
2051:2022
2030:Chad
2016:2015
1994:2008
1961:ISBN
1944:2021
1918:2021
1855:2021
1830:2021
1766:2021
1736:2021
1706:2021
1676:2021
1641:2021
1592:2021
1562:2021
1520:2023
1425:2016
1178:and
1166:and
1137:and
1125:deaf
1063:and
893:and
885:and
883:alms
877:and
817:and
415:Old
258:deaf
7209:BSL
7205:ASL
6544:ASL
2201:doi
2162:doi
2158:116
1483:doi
1452:doi
1395:at
1282:.
1141:'s
1131:'s
1129:BBC
1039:ISO
793:in
303:'s
246:BSL
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