Knowledge

Welsh language

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3044:, said, "The Welsh language is a source of great pride for the people of Wales, whether they speak it or not, and I am delighted that this measure has now become law. I am very proud to have steered legislation through the Assembly which confirms the official status of the Welsh language; which creates a strong advocate for Welsh speakers and will improve the quality and quantity of services available through the medium of Welsh. I believe that everyone who wants to access services in the Welsh language should be able to do so, and that is what this government has worked towards. This legislation is an important and historic step forward for the language, its speakers and for the nation." The measure was not welcomed warmly by all supporters: Bethan Williams, chairman of the Welsh Language Society, gave a mixed response to the move, saying, "Through this measure we have won official status for the language and that has been warmly welcomed. But there was a core principle missing in the law passed by the Assembly before Christmas. It doesn't give language rights to the people of Wales in every aspect of their lives. Despite that, an amendment to that effect was supported by 18 Assembly Members from three different parties, and that was a significant step forward." 2073: 2061: 2049: 2037: 3438: 2164: 2275:(ONS) estimated that as of March 2024, approximately 862,700, or 28.0 per cent of the population of Wales aged 3 and over, were able to speak the language. Children and young people aged three to 15 years old were more likely to report that they could speak Welsh than any other age group (48.4 per cent, 241,300). Around 1,001,500 people, or 32.5 per cent, reported that they could understand spoken Welsh. 24.7 per cent (759,200) could read and 22.2 per cent (684,500) could write in Welsh. The APS estimates of Welsh language ability are historically higher than those produced by the census. 1500: 485: 2220: 3676:
languages within our islands. I am proud to be speaking to you in one of the oldest of these, Welsh, the language of Wales." He described the breakthrough as "more than symbolic" saying "Welsh might be one of the oldest languages to be used in the UK, but it remains one of the most vibrant. Our literature, our arts, our festivals, our great tradition of song all find expression through our language. And this is a powerful demonstration of how our culture, the very essence of who we are, is expressed through language."
2535: 3366: 9727: 9710: 3137: 2418:, 8,248 people in England gave Welsh in answer to the question "What is your main language?" The Office for National Statistics subsequently published a census glossary of terms to support the release of results from the census, including their definition of "main language" as referring to "first or preferred language" (though that wording was not in the census questionnaire itself). The wards in England with the most people giving Welsh as their main language were the 1784: 3083: 10490: 504: 2543: 9625: 9676: 2111: 9744: 9693: 9659: 11958: 10502: 5595: 1423: 5635: 9761: 574: 1467: 2939: 2931: 2923: 2910: 2902: 2894: 2881: 2873: 2865: 2852: 2844: 2836: 2823: 2815: 2807: 2794: 2786: 2778: 2765: 2757: 2749: 2736: 2728: 2720: 2707: 2699: 2691: 2678: 2670: 2662: 2649: 2641: 2633: 2620: 2612: 2604: 9642: 3242: 5296:). Colloquial Welsh is used in most speech and informal writing. Literary Welsh is closer to the form of Welsh standardised by the 1588 translation of the Bible and is found in official documents and other formal registers, including much literature. As a standardised form, literary Welsh shows little if any of the dialectal variation found in colloquial Welsh. Some differences include: 4853:), etc. The "reinforcement" (or, simply, "redoubling") adds no emphasis in the colloquial register. While the possessive pronoun alone may be used, especially in more formal registers, as shown above, it is considered incorrect to use only the personal pronoun. Such usage is nevertheless sometimes heard in very colloquial speech, mainly among young speakers: 3311:, and the morals of the Welsh people in general. An immediate effect of the report was that ordinary Welsh people began to believe that the only way to get on in the world was through the medium of English, and an inferiority complex developed about the Welsh language whose effects have not yet been completely eradicated. The historian Professor 5051:– "New Welsh Bible" – is much less formal in language than the traditional 1588 Bible). Among the characteristics of the literary language, in comparison with the spoken language, are more frequent use of conjugated verb forms, a change in the use of certain tenses (for example, the literary imperfect in modern language has the meaning of the 3368: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3331:, a piece of wood, often bearing the letters "WN", which was hung around the neck of any pupil caught speaking Welsh. The pupil could pass it on to any schoolmate heard speaking Welsh, with the pupil wearing it at the end of the day being punished. One of the most famous Welsh-born pioneers of higher education in Wales was 3373: 3493:(Welsh Language National College) was established. The purpose of the federal structured college, spread out between all the universities of Wales, is to provide and also advance Welsh medium courses and Welsh medium scholarship and research in Welsh universities. There is also a Welsh-medium academic journal called 9597: 3445:
Welsh is now widely used in education, with 101,345 children and young people in Wales receiving their education in Welsh medium schools in 2014/15, 65,460 in primary and 35,885 in secondary. 26 per cent of all schools in Wales are defined as Welsh medium schools, with a further 7.3 per cent offering
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In the later 19th century, the teaching of English in Welsh schools was generally supported by the Welsh public and parents who saw it as the language of economic advancement. Virtually all teaching in the schools of Wales was in English, even in areas where the pupils barely understood English. Some
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spokeswoman Bethan Jenkins said, "I have concerns about the transition from Meri Huws's role from the Welsh Language Board to the language commissioner, and I will be asking the Welsh government how this will be successfully managed. We must be sure that there is no conflict of interest, and that the
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provide that the Welsh and English languages be treated equally in the public sector, as far as is reasonable and practicable. Each public body is required to prepare for approval a Welsh Language Scheme, which indicates its commitment to the equality of treatment principle. This is sent out in draft
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During the Modern Welsh period, there has been a decline in the popularity of the Welsh language: the number of Welsh speakers declined to the point at which there was concern that the language would become extinct. During industrialisation in the late 19th century, immigrants from England led to the
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Amongst the characteristics of the literary, as against the spoken language are a higher dependence on inflected verb forms, different usage of some of the tenses, less frequent use of pronouns (since the information is usually conveyed in the verb/preposition inflections) and a much lesser tendency
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There is also a decimal counting system, which has become relatively widely used, though less so in giving the time, ages, and dates (it features no ordinal numbers). This system originated in Patagonian Welsh and was subsequently introduced to Wales in the 1940s. Whereas 39 in the vigesimal system
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devices have fully supported the Welsh language since the release of iOS 8 in September 2014. Users can switch their device to Welsh to access apps that are available in Welsh. Date and time on iOS is also localised, as shown by the built-in Calendar application, as well as certain third-party apps
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The ability to speak Welsh or to have Welsh as a qualification is desirable for certain career choices in Wales, such as teaching or customer service. All universities in Wales teach courses in the language, with many undergraduate and post-graduate degree programmes offered in the medium of Welsh,
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in 1997, the Government Minister responsible for the Welsh language can and has passed statutory instruments naming public bodies who have to prepare Schemes. Neither the 1993 Act nor secondary legislation made under it covers the private sector, although some organisations, notably banks and some
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in 1588. Modern Welsh is subdivided into Early Modern Welsh and Late Modern Welsh. Early Modern Welsh ran from the 15th century through to the end of the 16th century, and the Late Modern Welsh period roughly dates from the 16th century onwards. Contemporary Welsh differs greatly from the Welsh of
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of Wales aged three or older was 538,300 (17.8%) and nearly three quarters of the population in Wales said they had no Welsh language skills. Other estimates suggest that 862,700 people (28.0%) aged three or older in Wales could speak Welsh in March 2024. Almost half of all Welsh speakers consider
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A new law to promote the Welsh language has been unanimously passed by the Welsh Assembly. The measure makes Welsh an official language in Wales, and obliges public bodies and some private companies to provide services in it. A language commissioner will be appointed to enforce the measure and to
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Road signs in Wales are in Welsh and English. Prior to 2016, the choice of which language to display first was the responsibility of the local council. Since then, as part of the Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011, all new signs have Welsh displayed first. There have been incidents of one of the
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The National Survey for Wales, conducted by Welsh Government, has also tended to have a higher percentage of Welsh speakers than the census, with the most recent results for 2022–2023 suggesting that 18 per cent of the population aged 3 and over were able to speak Welsh, with an additional 16 per
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In terms of usage, ONS also reported that 14.4 per cent (443,800) of people aged three or older in Wales reported that they spoke Welsh daily in March 2024, with 5.4 per cent (165,500) speaking it weekly and 6.5 per cent (201,200) less often. Approximately 1.7 per cent (51,700) reported that they
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addressed his audience in Welsh and his words were interpreted into the EU's 23 official languages. The official use of the language followed years of campaigning. Jones said "In the UK we have one of the world's major languages, English, as the mother tongue of many. But there is a diversity of
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to provide the first mobile phone in the Welsh language, with the interface and the T9 dictionary on the Samsung S5600 available in the Welsh language. The model, available with the Welsh language interface, has been available since 1 September 2009, with plans to introduce it on other networks.
1470: 5535:) is significantly less formal than the traditional 1588 Bible. Gareth King, author of a popular Welsh grammar, observes, "The difference between these two is much greater than between the virtually identical colloquial and literary forms of English." A grammar of Literary Welsh can be found in 3370: 2286:
Historically, large numbers of Welsh people spoke only Welsh. Over the course of the 20th century this monolingual population all but disappeared, but a small percentage remained at the time of the 1981 census. Most Welsh-speaking people in Wales also speak English. However, many Welsh-speaking
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Welsh has been spoken continuously in Wales throughout history; however, by 1911, it had become a minority language, spoken by 43.5 per cent of the population. While this decline continued over the following decades, the language did not die out. The smallest number of speakers was recorded in
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support the teaching of Welsh in the National Curriculum. Welsh is also taught in adult education classes. The Welsh Government has recently set up six centres of excellence in the teaching of Welsh for Adults, with centres in North Wales, Mid Wales, South West, Glamorgan, Gwent, and Cardiff.
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The differences between dialects of modern spoken Welsh pale into insignificance compared to the difference between some forms of the spoken language and the most formal constructions of the literary language. The latter is considerably more conservative and is the language used in
3388: 3385: 2998:). Thereafter, the public body is charged with implementing and fulfilling its obligations under the Welsh Language Scheme. The list of other public bodies which have to prepare Schemes could be added to by initially the Secretary of State for Wales, from 1993 to 1997, by way of 5044:
The differences between the dialects of modern colloquial Welsh are insignificant in comparison with the difference between the spoken and standard language. The latter is much more formal and is, among other things, the language of the Welsh translations of the Bible (but the
3659:, delivered his welcoming speech at a sitting of the committee. He said, "I am proud to be using the language I grew up speaking, which is not only important to me, my family and the communities Welsh MPs represent, but is also an integral part of Welsh history and culture". 2255:
and 2021 censuses to about 538,300 or 17.8 per cent in 2021 lower than 1991, although it is still higher in absolute terms. The 2011 census also showed a "big drop" in the number of speakers in the Welsh-speaking heartlands, with the number dropping to under 50 per cent in
3450:, it is compulsory that all students study Welsh up to the age of 16 as either a first or a second language. Some students choose to continue with their studies through the medium of Welsh for the completion of their A-levels as well as during their college years. All 1476: 1647:
Four periods are identified in the history of Welsh, with rather indistinct boundaries: Primitive Welsh, Old Welsh, Middle Welsh, and Modern Welsh. The period immediately following the language's emergence is sometimes referred to as Primitive Welsh, followed by the
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MEP used Welsh in a number of speeches in the European Parliament. In 2004, her using Welsh was the first use of the language in the European Parliament. The last time Welsh was spoken in the European Parliament was during Evans' last speech shortly before
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and organisations in Wales in developing the new system of standards. I will look to build on the good work that has been done by the Welsh Language Board and others to strengthen the Welsh language and ensure that it continues to thrive." First Minister
3481:, students have the right to submit assessed work and sit exams in Welsh even if the course was taught in English (usually the only exception is where the course requires demonstrating proficiency in another language). Following a commitment made in the 2971:
in the later 20th century. Of the six living Celtic languages (including two revived), Welsh has the highest number of native speakers who use the language on a daily basis, and it is the Celtic language which is considered the least endangered by
7063: 5055:), a reduction in the frequency of the use of pronouns (since the information they convey is usually conveyed by forms of inflected verbs and prepositions) and a more pronounced tendency to replace English borrowings with native Welsh words. 4823:
In colloquial Welsh, possessive pronouns, whether they are used to mean "my", "your", etc. or to indicate the direct object of a verbnoun, are commonly reinforced by the use of the corresponding personal pronoun after the noun or verbnoun:
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A 19th Century report that became controversial for condemning the Welsh language has been published online by the National Library of Wales. The government report about Welsh education in 1847 was dubbed the Treachery of the Blue Books
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Text on UK coins tends to be in English and Latin. However, a Welsh-language edge inscription was used on pound coins dated 1985, 1990 and 1995, which circulated in all parts of the UK prior to their 2017 withdrawal. The wording is
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published the results of a survey into the numbers of people who spoke or understood Welsh, which estimated that there were around 133,000 Welsh-speaking people living in England, about 50,000 of them in the Greater London area. The
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Welsh is a subject in the national curriculum and is compulsory at all state schools in Wales, for pupils up to the age of 16. In English-medium schools, it is taught as a second language, and in Welsh-medium schools, as the first
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Welsh is a moderately inflecting language. Verbs inflect at least for person, number and mood, whilst nouns do for number and there is a masculine feminine distinction, of which the latter is marked via consonant mutation.
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Like many of the world's languages, the Welsh language has seen an increased use and presence on the internet, ranging from formal lists of terminology in a variety of fields to Welsh language interfaces for
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accepts applications in Welsh and will conduct face-to-face interviews in Welsh if requested to do so. One of the requirements for Chartered Engineer is also to be able to communicate effectively in English.
3473:, Bangor, and Swansea have all had chairs in Welsh since their virtual establishment, and all their schools of Welsh are successful centres for the study of the Welsh language and its literature, offering a 2199:
decline in Welsh speakers particularly in the South Wales Valleys. Welsh government processes and legislation have worked to increase the proliferation of the Welsh language, for example through education.
3294: 3055:, was appointed the new Welsh Language Commissioner. She released a statement that she was "delighted" to have been appointed to the "hugely important role", adding, "I look forward to working with the 3036:
allows for an official investigation by the Welsh Language Commissioner of instances where there is an attempt to interfere with the freedom of Welsh-speaking people to use the language with one another
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Powers confirming the official status of Welsh received Royal Assent yesterday. The Welsh Language Measure will create the post of language commissioner and ensure services can be provided in Welsh.
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structure and sound pattern was complete by around AD 550, and labelled the period between then and about AD 800 "Primitive Welsh". This Primitive Welsh may have been spoken in both Wales and the
2015:) is the label attached to the Welsh of the 12th to 14th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period. This is the language of nearly all surviving early manuscripts of the 2287:
people are more comfortable expressing themselves in Welsh than in English. A speaker's choice of language can vary according to the subject domain and the social context, even within a single
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The chairwoman of the Welsh Language Board has been appointed the first Welsh language commissioner. Meri Huws will act as a champion for the Welsh language, says First Minister Carwyn Jones.
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This unrest brought the state of education in Wales to the attention of the British government since social reformers of the time considered education as a means of dealing with social ills.
1628:. The emergence of Welsh was not instantaneous and clearly identifiable. Instead, the shift occurred over a long period, with some historians claiming that it had happened by as late as the 8150: 1962:
colonisation of Britain proceeded, the Brittonic speakers in Wales were split off from those in northern England, speaking Cumbric, and those in the southwest, speaking what would become
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Today the province of Chubut, where most Welsh immigrants settled, has a population of 550,000 people. Of these, some 50,000 can claim Welsh ancestry and 5,000 speak the Welsh language.
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by Peter Wynn Thomas. (No comprehensive grammar of formal literary Welsh exists in English.) An English-language guide to colloquial Welsh forms and register and dialect differences is
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the British language began to fragment due to increased dialect differentiation, thus evolving into Welsh and the other Brittonic languages. It is not clear when Welsh became distinct.
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Welsh Language Commissioner can demonstrate how she will offer the required fresh approach to this new role." Huws started her role as the Welsh Language Commissioner on 1 April 2012.
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Welsh lacks separate pronouns for constructing subordinate clauses; instead, special verb forms or relative pronouns that appear identical to some preverbal particles are used.
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Since 2000, the teaching of Welsh has been compulsory in all schools in Wales up to age 16; this has had an effect in stabilising and reversing the decline in the language.
6935: 5272:('Living Welsh') – a colloquially-based generic form of Welsh, but the attempt largely failed because it did not encompass the regional differences used by Welsh-speakers. 2988:
form for public consultation for a three-month period, whereupon comments on it may be incorporated into a final version. It requires the final approval of the now defunct
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into Welsh. Welsh was still commonly spoken there in the first half of the 19th century, and churchwardens' notices were put up in both Welsh and English until about 1860.
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All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
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Genir pawb yn rhydd ac yn gydradd â'i gilydd mewn urddas a hawliau. Fe'u cynysgaeddir â rheswm a chydwybod, a dylai pawb ymddwyn y naill at y llall mewn ysbryd cymodlon.
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On 7 December 2010, the Welsh Assembly unanimously approved a set of measures to develop the use of the Welsh language within Wales. On 9 February 2011 this measure, the
5259:) was accompanied by a cassette containing recordings of 14 different speakers demonstrating aspects of different regional dialects. The book also refers to the earlier 3155:
in 2010 broadcast 70 per cent of Channel 4's programming along with a majority of Welsh language shows during peak viewing hours. The all-Welsh-language digital station
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themselves fluent, while 20 per cent are able to speak a fair amount. 56 per cent of Welsh speakers speak the language daily, and 19 per cent speak the language weekly.
3499:('Oasis'), which is a platform for academic research in Welsh and is published quarterly. There have been calls for more teaching of Welsh in English-medium schools. 12142: 10474: 8499: 7299: 6463:
As a noun, "the Britons," also "the Welsh language," both from Old English. The word survives in Wales, Cornwall, Walloon, walnut, and in surnames Walsh and Wallace.
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Bell, Elise; Archangeli, Diana B.; Anderson, Skye J.; Hammond, Michael; Webb-Davies, Peredur; Brooks, Heddwen (2021). "Northern Welsh". Illustrations of the IPA.
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creates a Welsh Language Commissioner with strong enforcement powers to protect the rights of Welsh-speaking people to access services through the medium of Welsh
2441:, North West England (1,945), London (1,310) and the West Midlands (1,265) had the highest number of people noting Welsh as their main language. According to the 2437:
The census also revealed that 3,528 wards in England, or 46% of the total number, contained at least one resident whose main language is Welsh. In terms of the
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offering only one third of the £600,000 public funding it needed. There is a Welsh-language online news service which publishes news stories in Welsh called
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The number of Welsh-speaking people in the rest of Britain has not yet been counted for statistical purposes. In 1993, the Welsh-language television channel
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has increased, while the number going to Welsh bilingual and dual-medium schools has decreased. Welsh is considered the least endangered Celtic language by
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as well, among other possibilities). An example of a pronunciation difference is the tendency in some southern dialects to palatalise the letter "s", e.g.
3194:) was published weekly until 2017, and monthly thereafter, following a change in ownership. There is no daily newspaper in Welsh. A daily newspaper called 1113: 10091: 7731: 5714: 4992:) of feminine nouns, where possible, other than those beginning with "ll" or "rh". There are separate masculine and feminine forms of the numbers 'two' ( 3130: 2264:
for the first time. However, according to the Welsh Language Use Survey in 2019–20, 22 per cent of people aged three and over were able to speak Welsh.
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is available throughout Europe on satellite and online throughout the UK. Since the digital switchover was completed in South Wales on 31 March 2010,
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The measure requires public bodies and some private companies to provide services in Welsh. The Welsh government's Minister for Heritage at the time,
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to substitute English loanwords for native Welsh words. In addition, more archaic pronouns and forms of mutation may be observed in Literary Welsh.
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forms of all verbs, which are used in the written language. However, speech now more commonly uses the verbnoun together with an inflected form of
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The Welsh government plans to increase the number of Welsh-language speakers to one million by 2050. Since 1980, the number of children attending
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It is spoken by smaller numbers of people in Canada and the United States descended from Welsh immigrants, within their households (especially in
8094: 7064:"Percentage of adults who speak Welsh (including the percentage that cannot speak Welsh and have some Welsh speaking ability) by local authority" 8361: 7660: 7503: 6043: 3307:) since, apart from documenting the state of education in Wales, the Commissioners were also free with their comments disparaging the language, 12837: 8731: 8535: 5836:
Now, though 50,000 Patagonians are thought to be of Welsh descent, the number of Welsh speakers is believed to be between only 1,500 and 5,000.
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some Welsh-medium instruction to pupils. 22 per cent of pupils are in schools in which Welsh is the primary language of instruction. Under the
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newspaper was prominent among those who considered that the lack of education of the Welsh people was the root cause of most of the problems.
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In the 2011 census, 1,189 people aged three and over in Scotland noted that Welsh was a language (other than English) that they used at home.
1882:, she proposes that Welsh may have been around even earlier than 600 AD. This is evidenced by the dropping of final syllables from Brittonic: 1861:
or "Early Poets" – is generally considered to date to the Primitive Welsh period. However, much of this poetry was supposedly composed in the
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Colloquial Welsh inclines very strongly towards the use of auxiliaries with its verbs, as in English. The present tense is constructed with
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never spoke Welsh despite being able to speak the language, with the remaining 72.0 per cent of the population not being able to speak it.
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The argued dates for the period of "Primitive Welsh" are widely debated, with some historians' suggestions differing by hundreds of years.
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Longitudinal Study, estimated there were 110,000 Welsh-speaking people in England, and another thousand in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
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was opened in September 1939 by Sir Ifan ab Owen Edwards, who feared children's spoken Welsh was being tarnished by the English language.
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The 2004 Welsh Language Use Survey showed that 21.7 per cent of the population of Wales spoke Welsh, compared with 20.8 per cent in the
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at 17.8 per cent. By the start of the 21st century, numbers began to increase once more, at least partly as a result of the increase in
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The vowels /ɨ̞/ and /ɨ/ are only found in Northern varieties of Welsh. In the South these have merged with /ɪ/ and /i/ in all cases.
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gives individuals and bodies the right to appeal decisions made in relation to the provision of services through the medium of Welsh
3014:, was passed and received Royal Assent, thus making the Welsh language an officially recognised language within Wales. The measure: 12832: 12128: 9798: 1407: 7752: 7533: 5910: 5885: 1652:
period – which is generally considered to stretch from the beginning of the 9th century to sometime during the 12th century. The
8509: 7559: 7394: 7334: 7038: 6182: 5999:(13–14 Chas. II, c. 55) §27: "That the Book hereunto annexed be truly and exactly translated into the British or Welsh tongue." 12755: 11083: 8447:
The school was established in 1956 and was the first Welsh-medium secondary school in Wales. It was originally located in Rhyl.
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was in common use until the 16th century, but was dropped at the time of the publication of the New Testament in Welsh, as
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liking'). Very informally, the pronouns are often heard in their normal subject/object form and aping English word order:
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usually falls on the penultimate syllable in polysyllabic words, and the word-final unstressed syllable receives a higher
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Calls for the Welsh language to be granted official status grew with the establishment of the nationalist political party
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education. The remainder study Welsh as a second language in English-medium schools. Specialist teachers of Welsh called
3347:(52 & 53 Vict c 40), following which several new Welsh schools were built. The first was completed in 1894 and named 3011: 1564: 534: 8953: 7013: 11385: 10119: 10053: 9577: 8485: 8371: 7773: 5679: 4311: 4297: 3469:
ranging from law, modern languages, social sciences, and also other sciences such as biological sciences. Aberystwyth,
3437: 3206:) was scheduled to be launched on 3 March 2008, but was scrapped, owing to insufficient sales of subscriptions and the 919: 12385: 11503: 10142: 10048: 9144: 9044: 8424: 7128: 6624: 6434: 6365: 4627:. Welsh has a variety of different endings and other methods to indicate the plural, and two endings to indicate the 3297:
to the Government on 1 July 1847 in three large blue-bound volumes. This report quickly became known in Wales as the
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creates a Welsh Language Partnership Council to advise Government on its strategy in relation to the Welsh language
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protect the Welsh speakers' rights. Ministers hailed the vote as a "historic step forward for the Welsh language."
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is an example of a preverbal particle; such particles are common in Welsh, though less so in the spoken language.
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the 16th century, but they are similar enough for a fluent Welsh speaker to have little trouble understanding it.
1019: 12842: 12786: 12657: 12470: 12151: 11508: 9572: 5966: 5684: 4339: 4031: 3141: 2128: 905: 524: 11724: 8603: 5263:(1973) as describing six different regions which could be identified as having words specific to those regions. 3652:. The change did not alter the rules about debates within the House of Commons, where only English can be used. 12745: 12495: 12321: 12062: 11744: 11147: 10532: 10058: 9992: 8705: 6964: 6562: 5733: 5699: 4332: 3282: 2408: 2272: 2132: 1446: 1108: 619: 8406:
Former pupils and teachers of Wales' first Welsh-medium school will gather to celebrate its 75th anniversary.
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said that Huws would act as a champion for the Welsh language, though some had concerns over her appointment:
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and the Britons in 577 AD, which split the South Western British from direct overland contact with the Welsh.
12852: 12667: 12349: 11929: 11182: 11177: 11127: 10280: 10221: 10038: 9815: 7534:"Population of immigrant mother tongue families, showing main languages comprising each family, Canada, 2011" 6237: 5886:"Population of immigrant mother tongue families, showing main languages comprising each family, Canada, 2011" 5848: 4304: 3996: 3668: 3621: 3525: 3358:
Towards the beginning of the 20th century this policy slowly began to change, partly owing to the efforts of
3290: 3152: 2179: 2167: 1657: 1619: 714: 654: 649: 599: 380: 11837: 6260: 6183:"Welsh language data from the Annual Population Survey: April 2023 to March 2024 [HTML] | GOV.WALES" 411: 398: 12760: 12712: 12582: 12577: 12378: 11857: 11827: 11483: 11395: 10575: 10235: 10134: 9791: 9648: 7931: 5689: 4362: 4059: 4038: 3580: 2984: 2565: 900: 475: 457: 9631: 7635: 6719: 5151:) 'dialects', the traditional classification of four Welsh dialects remains the most academically useful: 4536:, because the printers have not so many as the Welsh requireth". This change was not popular at the time. 3422:
is still a very successful school, and now there are Welsh-language primary schools all over the country.
3167:
became the main broadcasting channel and fully in Welsh. The main evening television news provided by the
12847: 12827: 11980: 11887: 11749: 11587: 11433: 11293: 10884: 10710: 10349: 9877: 9843: 8481: 7639: 5281: 4658: 4582: 4355: 4290: 4106: 3003: 1098: 1059: 349: 341: 176: 7306: 1850:
as well as Welsh. Jackson, however, believed that the two varieties were already distinct by that time.
1698:
and which came to refer to speakers of Celtic languages, and then indiscriminately to the people of the
12717: 12542: 11493: 11076: 10376: 9682: 9494: 8015: 6238:"Almost a quarter of children in Wales are taught only in Welsh, as the language experiences a revival" 4387: 4380: 4180: 4097: 4045: 3970: 3954: 3596: 3488: 2442: 2415: 2371:
to be made responsible, together with the four Welsh bishops, for the translation of the Bible and the
2252: 2244: 2233: 2229: 1591: 1123: 977: 781: 8599: 8067:"'Idiots' who vandalised Welsh language street sign in Cardiff 'won't stop policy of bilingual names'" 12722: 12684: 12327: 11904: 11583: 11537: 11428: 11353: 11122: 10525: 10270: 10079: 9997: 9984: 9930: 9882: 9412: 9379: 9270: 9114: 7927: 7671: 7511: 7088: 6524: 6353: 5659: 4586: 4067: 3451: 3403: 3320: 3072: 2999: 2513: 2213: 1595: 1560:). Historically, it has also been known in English as "British", "Cambrian", "Cambric" and "Cymric". 1439: 1103: 1093: 760: 594: 489: 8735: 8543: 937: 880: 12642: 11729: 11692: 11602: 11563: 11288: 11266: 11251: 11172: 11142: 10921: 10864: 10649: 10608: 10265: 10240: 10026: 9516:
Language, Economy and Society. The changing fortunes of the Welsh Language in the Twentieth Century
8862: 8629: 6696: 5962: 5762: 4596: 4592: 4318: 4126: 3909: 3893: 3816: 3257:, resulting in a riot when 20 people were killed by soldiers defending the Westgate Hotel, and the 3126:
Some shops employ bilingual signage. Welsh sometimes appears on product packaging or instructions.
2423: 2268: 1800: 1372: 644: 614: 469: 166: 11682: 9562: 8966: 7256: 2468:
In response to the question 'Does the person speak a language other than English at home?' in the
2023:, although the tales themselves are certainly much older. It is also the language of the existing 1778: 1064: 12812: 12612: 12572: 12552: 12532: 12435: 11882: 11714: 11709: 11687: 11513: 11375: 11363: 11343: 11283: 11271: 10464: 10459: 10063: 9784: 7836: 6420: 6298: 5640: 5036:
of the objects being counted. The objects being counted appear in the singular, not plural form.
5029: 4640: 4052: 4006: 3977: 3961: 3087: 2980: 2501: 2171: 2121: 1674: 1054: 156: 12204: 9536: 6648: 3583:
2009, a further announcement was made by the Welsh Language Board that the mobile phone company
3021:
creates a new system of placing duties on bodies to provide services through the medium of Welsh
2163: 1710:, coming to refer to either Britons in particular or, in some contexts, slaves. The plural form 967: 12750: 12547: 11488: 11443: 11256: 11137: 11037: 10391: 10021: 9311: 6770: 6286: 6212:"Welsh language use in Wales (initial findings): July 2019 to March 2020 (revised) | GOV.WALES" 5996: 4468:
was not used traditionally, but is now used in many everyday words borrowed from English, like
3858: 3633: 3336: 3308: 3236: 3147:
The language has greatly increased its prominence since the creation of the television channel
3115:(Welsh for 'True am I to my country'), and derives from the national anthem of Wales, " 2964: 2469: 2364: 2359:
Welsh-speaking communities persisted well into the modern period across the border in England.
2307: 2237: 1603: 1518: 729: 609: 9158: 8991: 7225:
Ellis, Alexander J. (November 1884). "On the delimitation of the English and Welsh language".
6846: 12770: 12702: 12672: 12627: 12622: 12597: 12455: 12354: 12344: 12311: 12104: 12098: 11892: 11807: 11739: 11697: 11659: 11627: 11448: 11224: 11069: 11014: 10563: 10454: 10386: 10245: 10230: 10210: 10043: 7210: 6020: 4793:. With personal pronouns, the possessive form of the personal pronoun is used, as in "I like 4604: 4446:
a, b, c, ch, d, dd, e, f, ff, g, ng, h, i, j, l, ll, m, n, o, p, ph, r, rh, s, t, th, u, w, y
4423: 4153: 4133: 3929: 3916: 3900: 3843: 3700: 3645: 3629: 3455: 2372: 1367: 1315: 1300: 1128: 999: 740: 12740: 9566: 12662: 12652: 12602: 12562: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12500: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12460: 12445: 12440: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12254: 12226: 11934: 11673: 11478: 10615: 10401: 10381: 10354: 9733: 8539: 6616: 5738: 5709: 5655: 5209: 4013: 3820: 3707:
launched in 1977. The greetings are unique to each language, with the Welsh greeting being
3572: 3532: 3409: 3332: 3052: 2989: 2489: 2481: 2404: 2376: 1842:('Old North') – the Brittonic-speaking areas of what are now northern England and southern 1699: 1320: 1196: 942: 895: 355: 12209: 11192: 6151: 4502:, but in all cases can be, and often are, replaced by Welsh letters (same pronunciation): 1004: 664: 8: 12765: 12707: 12647: 12637: 12617: 12607: 12592: 12587: 12567: 12537: 12505: 12490: 12465: 12401: 12316: 12082: 11917: 11769: 11734: 11390: 11187: 11026: 10916: 10909: 10892: 10658: 10622: 9964: 9284: 8387: 7831: 6399: 5694: 4025: 3804: 3800: 3359: 3350: 3316: 3249:
The decade around 1840 was a period of great social upheaval in Wales, manifested in the
2546: 1878:
Janet Davies proposed that the origins of the Welsh language were much less definite; in
1522: 1382: 1377: 1243: 1085: 1014: 932: 659: 171: 8175: 7984: 7263:. Early English Pronunciation. Vol. V. London: Trübner & Co. p. 14 1446 . 4635:) of some nouns. In spoken Welsh, verbal features are indicated primarily by the use of 12677: 12632: 12557: 12527: 12359: 12003: 11912: 11779: 11644: 11636: 11568: 11523: 11338: 11212: 11152: 10979: 10815: 10773: 10416: 9899: 9342: 8357: 7803: 7238: 6346: 6122: 6087: 5163: 5033: 4741: 4632: 4628: 4620: 4600: 3936: 3848: 3734: 3649: 3617: 3552: 3508: 3118: 2438: 2368: 1827: 1724: 1633: 1201: 697: 624: 9109: 8858:"A historic first for Welsh at Westminster as language officially used for first time" 8828: 8800: 2232:
with 503,000 although the lowest percentage was recorded in the most recent census in
449: 11847: 11842: 11799: 11498: 11405: 11380: 11325: 11307: 11132: 10631: 10599: 10585: 10164: 9904: 9449: 9416: 9383: 9350: 9315: 9241: 9164: 9140: 9040: 8367: 8338: 8328: 8211: 8207: 7124: 6630: 6620: 6579: 6538: 6528: 6430: 6371: 6361: 6312: 6302: 5936: 5673: 5311: 4525: 4419: 4409: 4346: 3880: 3865: 3853: 3312: 2968: 2187: 1820: 1720: 1637: 1290: 1044: 991: 870: 813: 800: 604: 282: 9665: 6082: 5231:
and terms for local features, but a survey in the 1970s showed that the language in
3221:
As of March 2021, there were 58 local Welsh language community newspapers, known as
2298:
Welsh speakers are largely concentrated in the north and west of Wales, principally
2219: 2027:
manuscripts. Middle Welsh is reasonably intelligible to a modern-day Welsh speaker.
530: 484: 12284: 12177: 12163: 12067: 11867: 11862: 11617: 11550: 11518: 11466: 11348: 11333: 11316: 11246: 11241: 11157: 11114: 11104: 10897: 10872: 10840: 10821: 10782: 10758: 10700: 10676: 10548: 10328: 10250: 9823: 9542: 9184: 9084: 8679: 8429: 8356:
Jones, Gareth Elwyn (2000). "15 The Welsh Language and the Blue Books of 1847". In
8275: 8231: 8128: 7798: 7585:"Welsh the language of the home for 100 people in Canada, country's census reveals" 7242: 7234: 7174: 7152: 7042: 7017: 6571: 5856: 5758: 5743: 5216: 5205: 5191: 5177: 5052: 4983: 4730: 4624: 4616: 4612: 3875: 3838: 3766: 3672: 3667:
In November 2008, the Welsh language was used at a meeting of the European Union's
3536: 3474: 3425: 3207: 3056: 3041: 2457: 2427: 2346:. However, first-language and other fluent speakers can be found throughout Wales. 1985: 1963: 1812: 1792: 1760: 1354: 1285: 1156: 1151: 1118: 865: 719: 629: 584: 564: 257: 205: 161: 12120: 10985: 7261:
The existing phonology of English dialects compared with that of West Saxon speech
5788: 3412:, the son of O.M. Edwards, as the first Welsh Primary School. The headteacher was 3171:
in Welsh is available for download. There is also a Welsh-language radio station,
12295: 12259: 12233: 12192: 12072: 11812: 11761: 11368: 10940: 10834: 10794: 10695: 10494: 10159: 10152: 10002: 9869: 8931: 8833: 8805: 8785: 8633: 8610: 8504: 8314: 8187: 7143:
Green, David W.; Wei, Li (November 2016). "Code-switching and language control".
6990: 6905: 6610: 6514: 5266:
In the 1970s, there was an attempt to standardise the Welsh language by teaching
4116: 3887: 3870: 3812: 3790: 3704: 3600: 3548: 3478: 3174: 2550: 2319: 2261: 1750: 1707: 1546: 1275: 1248: 1166: 875: 796: 462: 332: 148: 120: 108: 75: 9716: 7171:"Welsh speakers by local authority, gender and detailed age groups, 2011 census" 2223:
The proportion of respondents in the 2011 census who said they could speak Welsh
962: 12221: 12182: 11852: 11612: 11597: 11592: 11234: 11229: 11167: 11052: 11008: 10961: 10932: 10788: 10638: 10275: 10260: 10196: 9945: 9894: 9601: 9498: 8926: 8645: 8095:"English version of North Wales place names on road signs daubed with graffiti" 7959: 7888: 7866: 7092: 6985: 5824: 5127: 5118: 5099: 5090: 4886: 4671: 4636: 3948: 3544: 3254: 2485: 2292: 2182:
helped maintain the use of Welsh in daily life, and standardised spelling. The
1816: 1796: 1656:
period is considered to have lasted from then until the 14th century, when the
1625: 1513: 1494: 1392: 1310: 1305: 1262: 1238: 1230: 1216: 1142: 724: 639: 555: 312: 268: 130: 104: 59: 48: 9546: 8622: 7156: 6796: 4643:. In literary Welsh, on the other hand, inflection of the main verb is usual. 1753:
name for Italians) have a similar etymology. The Welsh term for the language,
12806: 12290: 12277: 12187: 12109: 12077: 12054: 11922: 11654: 11578: 10991: 10829: 10171: 10096: 10085: 9974: 9909: 9864: 8342: 8324: 8040: 7478: 6900: 6634: 6606: 6583: 6542: 6375: 6316: 5236: 4868: 4233: 3824: 3644:
In 2017, parliamentary rules were amended to allow the use of Welsh when the
3477:
in Welsh as well as post-graduate courses. At all Welsh universities and the
3258: 2517: 2323: 2251:. Since 2001, however, the number of Welsh speakers has declined in both the 2183: 1804: 1362: 1295: 1270: 952: 890: 832: 735: 709: 288: 6575: 6116: 3335:. He made great progress in the cause of education, and more especially the 12044: 11962: 11939: 11669: 11410: 10808: 10738: 10506: 10411: 10406: 10314: 10007: 9889: 9838: 9833: 8071: 7950: 7713: 7688: 7247: 6878: 6745:"History – Themes – Chapter 14: Culture and religion in early modern Wales" 6341: 5815: 5766: 5600: 5326: 5243: 4726: 4722: 4652: 4554: 4415: 3625: 3091: 3079:
use Welsh, issuing Welsh versions of their literature, to varying degrees.
3061: 2534: 2311: 2004: 1653: 1526: 1427: 1397: 1387: 1181: 1075: 687: 278: 232: 215: 86: 8434: 6476:"Welsh: the only Celtic language not classified as "endangered" by UNESCO" 3799:
of Welsh includes a number of sounds that do not occur in English and are
3136: 433: 11877: 10108: 9919: 9445: 9021: 9017:"The Welsh message hurtling through space 10 billion miles from its home" 8904: 8883: 7014:"Welsh language use in Wales (initial findings): July 2019 to March 2020" 5748: 5515: 5389: 4608: 4277: 4228: 3713:, which translates into English as "Good health to you now and forever". 3656: 3616:
Secure communications are often difficult to achieve in wartime. Just as
3588: 3540: 3413: 3340: 3286: 3065: 2960: 2384: 2360: 2248: 1783: 1703: 1660:
period began, which in turn is divided into Early and Late Modern Welsh.
1629: 1557: 1402: 1206: 1161: 1039: 1024: 957: 808: 416: 403: 7611:"2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights (updated) | Stats NZ" 6675:"William Salesbury's New Testament | The National Library of Wales" 6447: 3315:
referred to the significance of the report and its consequences as "the
1581:
official language in any part of the United Kingdom, with English being
1567:
gave the Welsh language official status in Wales. Welsh and English are
12214: 12025: 11573: 11162: 10302: 10013: 5974: 5811:"Patagonia's Welsh settlement was 'cultural colonialism' says academic" 5643:
was created from a revision of this article dated 12 May 2005
5199: 5073:(though in other parts of the South one would not be surprised to hear 4877:
Colloquial and literary grammar show more differences than in English.
4678:(used in a way loosely equivalent to an infinitive) after the particle 4544: 4370: 4238: 3679: 3099: 2431: 2380: 2329: 2257: 2135: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2018: 1872: 1837: 1808: 1186: 1171: 972: 885: 845: 840: 818: 634: 252: 12370: 4907:, literally "four twenty nineteen"). Welsh numbers from 11 to 14 are " 3082: 2445:, 7,349 people in England recorded Welsh to be their "main language". 1191: 12198: 12037: 11972: 11774: 11558: 11438: 11420: 11020: 10973: 10801: 10731: 10308: 9848: 9828: 9441: 9346: 8019: 6748: 5232: 5157: 4892: 4737: 4718: 4558: 4540: 4427: 4326: 4210: 3796: 3559:
kept in Welsh. Knowledge has had a Welsh version since July 2003 and
3482: 3328: 3274: 3266: 3262: 3048: 2542: 2419: 2335: 2288: 2024: 1937: 1931: 1856: 1740: 1649: 1550: 1029: 947: 855: 765: 442: 426: 390: 372: 328: 237: 210: 136: 71: 8709: 6874:"Wales launches strategy to double number of Welsh speakers by 2050" 3636:, used Welsh for emergency communications that needed to be secure. 2383:
as still then speaking Welsh, with the "Celtic Border" passing from
2110: 503: 10967: 10517: 10489: 10432: 10184: 10102: 8392: 8280: 7989: 7893: 7120: 6357: 5753: 5228: 5222: 4675: 4561:, where the vowel is short in one word and long in the other: e.g. 4214: 3560: 3396:, where introducing the Welsh language has boosted the exam results 3250: 3213: 2388: 2315: 1951: 1843: 1831: 1732: 1728: 1583: 1540: 927: 542: 9767: 9699: 4895:, i.e. it is based on twenties, as in standard French numbers 70 ( 2516:
2009–2013 noted that 2,235 people aged five years and over in the
12271: 12265: 12031: 12019: 11061: 10904: 10877: 10719: 10592: 10396: 10321: 10296: 10203: 9776: 9470:"OHCHR | Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Welsh (Cymraeg)" 9408: 9375: 9266: 8251:"A website for all local Welsh language papers — The Papurau Bro" 7955: 6520: 6068: 5860: 5820: 5726: 5227:(the Welsh settlement in Argentina) in 1865; it includes Spanish 5185: 5171: 5103:
in parts of the south. This normally occurs next to a high front
3655:
In February 2018, Welsh was first used when the Welsh Secretary,
3584: 3470: 3185: 2521: 2301: 1967: 1847: 1569: 1534: 1211: 860: 776: 771: 538: 247: 242: 114: 67: 8566: 7636:"Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English" 5139:
Although modern understanding often splits Welsh into northern (
3343:, of which he was chief founder. He has been credited with the 2520:
spoke Welsh at home. The highest number of those (255) lived in
1711: 1668: 573: 11400: 10945: 10255: 10190: 8320: 6901:"'Encouraging' survey suggests rise in Welsh language speakers" 6649:"Llanwnda Bible damaged in last invasion of Britain on display" 6392:
The Semantic Field of Slavery in Old English: Wealh, Esne, Þræl
6049: 6016: 4933:, "two nines"; numbers from 21 to 39 are "1–19 on twenty"(e.g. 3721:
Welsh supplements its core Brittonic vocabulary (words such as
3684: 3076: 3007:
railway companies, provide some of their information in Welsh.
2973: 1947: 1736: 1693: 1681: 1641: 1607: 1574: 1280: 126: 8956:, European Parliament, 29 January 2020, accessed 26 June 2022] 8757: 4891:
The traditional counting system used in the Welsh language is
11092: 10371: 10177: 10031: 9914: 9607: 9594:
from the Welsh Assembly Government (accessed 10 January 2009)
7859:"Proposed Welsh Language (Wales) Measure [As Passed]" 7199:
Transactions Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club, 1887, page 173
6139:
The official languages of the Assembly are English and Welsh.
5519: 5280:
Modern Welsh can be considered to fall broadly into two main
5104: 5067:
while in the south of Dyfed one would be more likely to hear
4774: 3393: 3362:
when he became chief inspector of schools for Wales in 1907.
3241: 3197: 2392: 2341: 1959: 1868: 1687: 1530: 1176: 1034: 493: 308: 98: 63: 8801:"Welsh language to be allowed in MPs' Welsh Grand Committee" 8621:
Selections of Welsh-language blogs are listed on the sites
1914:
rather than characterising it as a new language altogether.
9438:
Dweud Eich Dweud: A Guide to Colloquial and Idiomatic Welsh
8995: 8970: 7417:"Main language (detailed) – Office for National Statistics" 6117:"National Assembly for Wales (Official Languages) Act 2012" 5107:
like /i/, although exceptions include the pronunciation of
4553:
in Welsh, lit. 'little roof'), which usually disambiguates
3556: 3431: 2456:
It is believed that there are as many as 5,000 speakers of
1815:
and was probably spoken throughout the island south of the
850: 8460:"Schools by local authority, region and Welsh medium type" 8151:"List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148" 1632:, with a watershed moment being that proposed by linguist 541:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
103:(17.8% of the population of Wales in 2021, including both 10475:
National Assembly for Wales (Official Languages) Act 2012
10147: 9750: 9039:(in Welsh). Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru. 1943. pp. 10–31. 6822: 6556:
Higham, Nicholas (1 April 2014). "T. M. Charles-Edwards.
4623:, masculine and feminine, but they are not inflected for 3604: 3576: 3485:
coalition government between Labour and Plaid Cymru, the
3168: 3148: 2538:
Trilingual (Spanish, Welsh and English) sign in Argentina
2492:, 1,130 people noted that Welsh was their mother tongue. 2399: 2174:
church, rescued from the hands of French invaders in 1797
1624:
The language of the Welsh developed from the language of
10345:
Cabinet Secretary for Economy, Energy and Welsh Language
8829:"MPs speak Welsh in parliamentary debate for first time" 8578: 7211:"On the delimitation of the English and Welsh languages" 5242:
Subdialects exist within the main dialects (such as the
5058:
For example: consider the question "Do you want a cuppa
3392:
A Welsh Government video of an English medium school in
1896: 1883: 1764: 8626: 8388:"Ysgol Gymraeg Aberystwyth celebrates 75th anniversary" 7479:"Patagonia 150 years on: A 'little Wales beyond Wales'" 7300:"Estimation of the number of Welsh speakers in England" 5789:"Estimation of the number of Welsh speakers in England" 3575:
launched a free software pack which enabled the use of
2283:
cent noting that they had some Welsh-speaking ability.
7985:"Language board chief Meri Huws is Welsh commissioner" 6261:"Unesco: Status of Celtic languages outlined by atlas" 5390:
Examples of sentences in literary and colloquial Welsh
4967:('two twenty minus one'), in the decimal system it is 4705:
is a third-person singular present indicative form of
3098:
languages being vandalised, which may be considered a
8967:"Greetings to the Universe in 55 Different Languages" 7442:"Language used at home other than English (detailed)" 5705:
List of Welsh-language poets (6th century to c. 1600)
3507:
When conducting applicants' professional reviews for
2951:(c. figures indicate those deduced from percentages) 8879:"MPs use first ever bilingual debate in Westminster" 7946:"Royal Assent for official status of Welsh language" 7557: 5590: 3639: 3434:
in 1956 as the first Welsh-medium secondary school.
3408:('Aberystwyth Welsh School') was founded in 1939 by 2504:
noted that 1,083 people in New Zealand spoke Welsh.
1954:
has been preserved in this form of the language. As
1678: 12150: 8900:"Breakthrough as minister uses Welsh at EU council" 8600:
Welsh National Database of Standardised Terminology
7504:"Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (LGA)" 6961:"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales, March 2011" 6847:"Welsh language in Wales (Census 2021) | GOV.WALES" 6062: 5715:
List of Welsh areas by percentage of Welsh-speakers
3454:
in Wales have schools providing bilingual or Welsh-
3131:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
1853:The earliest Welsh poetry – that attributed to the 9585:The Vitality of Welsh: A Statistical Balance Sheet 9561:Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011: available in 9234:Cymraeg, Cymrâg, Cymrêg: Cyflwyno'r Tafodieithoedd 8667:World's first Welsh language mobile phone launched 7753:"2011 Census: First Results on the Welsh Language" 6345: 5249:Cymraeg, Cymrâg, Cymrêg: Cyflwyno'r Tafodieithoedd 3502: 3018:confirms the official status of the Welsh language 1716:evolved into the name for their territory, Wales. 10422:Association of Welsh Translators and Interpreters 9539:Journal of the International Phonetic Association 9314:, Massachusetts: Ford & Bailie. p. 223. 9160:Count Us In: How to Make Maths Real for All of Us 9074:"English and Welsh, an essay by J. R. R. Tolkien" 7116:English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change 6480:UN Regional Information Centre for Western Europe 5769:. The language was strongly influenced by Welsh.) 5668:Association of Welsh Translators and Interpreters 5122:in the southern dialects (compared with northern 4859:('Where are we going? Your house or my house?'). 4595:has much in common with that of the other modern 4458:are considered vowel letters in Welsh along with 12804: 8897: 8203:Journalism in Britain: A Historical Introduction 6104:The Welsh language has official status in Wales. 5334:No distinction between simple present and future 5134: 5085:(Welsh for 'month'), usually pronounced 4740:, future and conditional mood tenses, there are 3819:are distinctive features of the Welsh language. 1769:, meaning 'compatriots' or 'fellow countrymen'. 1573:official languages of the Welsh Parliament, the 510:Welsh is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO 8366:. University of Wales Press. pp. 431–457. 8349: 7918: 7916: 6986:"2011 Census: Number of Welsh speakers falling" 6285: 4721:is constructed in a similar manner, as are the 3703:chosen to be representative of Earth in NASA's 3690: 3293:majority in Wales. The Commissioners presented 1966:, so the languages diverged. Both the works of 7829:[Connecting you to what's important]. 7714:"2011 Census - Office for National Statistics" 7689:"2011 Census - Office for National Statistics" 7123:, Avon: Multilingual Matters, pp. 38–41, 4785:(word for word, "am I liking Rhodri"), with 1846:– and therefore may have been the ancestor of 12386: 12136: 11988: 11077: 10888:? (possibly independent or pre-Indo-European) 10533: 9792: 9238:Welsh, Welch, Walsh: Introducing the Dialects 6414: 6063:Walter Thomas, Mrs D; Hughes, Edward (1879), 5539:by Stephen J. Williams or more completely in 5254:Welsh, Welsh, Welsh: Introducing the Dialects 1447: 10427:Wales Interpretation and Translation Service 9231: 9156: 8732:"Free Welsh Localization for iOS Developers" 7913: 7329: 7327: 7277:More Welsh Speakers than Previously Believed 6929:"2004 Welsh Language Use Survey: the report" 5345:Simple form most often expresses only future 4902: 4896: 3662: 3519: 3253:movement. In 1839, 20,000 people marched on 2472:, 1,688 people noted that they spoke Welsh. 1795:, the Celtic language spoken by the ancient 1744: 9523:Spreading the Word. The Welsh Language 2001 9157:Robert's, Gareth Ffowc (15 February 2016). 8407: 8296: 7881: 7397:. Nomis – Official Labour Market Statistics 6494: 5967:"Why do they speak Welsh in South America?" 5724: 5546: 5540: 5523: 5522:, amongst other things – although the 2004 5502: 5494: 5481: 5474: 5466: 5453: 5446: 5439: 5426: 5419: 5411: 5375: 5367: 5348: 5337: 5291: 5285: 5267: 5247: 5220: 5197: 5183: 5169: 5155: 5146: 5140: 5108: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5046: 5023: 5017: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4977: 4976:Although there is only one word for "one" ( 4968: 4962: 4956: 4946: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4912: 4854: 4838: 4825: 4810: 4780: 4763: 4757: 4751: 4745: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4688: 4679: 4665: 4568: 4562: 4548: 4515: 4509: 4503: 4481: 4475: 4469: 4437: 4431: 3776: 3770: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3728: 3722: 3708: 3494: 3486: 3459: 3423: 3417: 3401: 3348: 3298: 3245:Welsh language as the medium of instruction 3222: 3211: 3195: 3183: 3182:The only Welsh-language national newspaper 3172: 3162: 3156: 3116: 3110: 2993: 2339: 2327: 2299: 2212:For Welsh speaking population figures, see 2016: 2010: 1990: 1971: 1941: 1909: 1903: 1890: 1862: 1854: 1835: 1803:, the British language probably arrived in 1754: 1691: 1538: 1507: 1488: 35: 29: 16:Brittonic language spoken natively in Wales 12393: 12379: 12143: 12129: 11995: 11981: 11084: 11070: 10540: 10526: 9799: 9785: 9305: 8876: 8855: 8016:"Living in Wales – Pronouncing road signs" 7337:. Nomis Official Labour Market Statistics. 7209:Ellis, A.J. (1882). Powell, Thomas (ed.). 7039:"Annual Population Survey: Welsh language" 6921: 5937:"Atlas of the world's languages in danger" 5765:– a body of literary works, mostly set in 5504:Fyddan nhw'n cysgu ddim ond pan fydd angen 4775:Possessives as direct objects of verbnouns 3671:for the first time. The Heritage Minister 3566: 2202: 1454: 1440: 502: 483: 9604:) from the Office for National Statistics 9232:Thomas, Beth; Thomas, Peter Wynn (1989). 8781:"Welsh speak up for their ancient tongue" 8734:. Applingua. 6 March 2015. Archived from 8363:The Welsh Language and Its Social Domains 7560:"Mother tongue by geography, 2021 Census" 7324: 7246: 6348:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 5853:Wales.com – The official gateway to Wales 5219:, which has developed since the start of 3513:Institution of Engineering and Technology 2151:Learn how and when to remove this message 1686:, which was derived from the name of the 9369: 9308:234 Welsh Verbs: Standard Literary Forms 9063:Cardiff: University of Wales Press: 757. 7227:Transactions of the Philological Society 7142: 7108: 6590: 5651:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 5634: 5491:They'll sleep only when there's a need. 5322:More extensive use of simple verb forms 3603:and user-created keyboards can be used. 3436: 3364: 3240: 3135: 3081: 2541: 2533: 2379:in the 1880s identified a small part of 2338:, and north-west and extreme south-west 2218: 2162: 1782: 1465: 512:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger 12818:Languages attested from the 6th century 12400: 9495:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 8706:"LiterIM external keyboard for Android" 7558:Government of Canada (17 August 2022). 7370:"2011 Census Questionnaire for England" 6841: 6839: 6605: 6599: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6152:"Welsh language in Wales (Census 2021)" 6041: 5786: 4490:are used in some technical terms, like 3289:and thus presumed unsympathetic to the 2484:, 3,885 people reported Welsh as their 535:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 12805: 12002: 9938:Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary 9598:Example knowledge of Welsh (KS25) data 9550:, with supplementary sound recordings. 9402: 9260: 8312: 8199: 6871: 6555: 6388: 5808: 5061:?" In Gwynedd this would typically be 4961:('four on fifteen on twenty') or even 4717:is the verb-noun meaning "to go". The 3587:was to work with the network provider 3123:". UK banknotes are in English only. 2363:was still Welsh enough in the time of 1779:Celtic languages § Classification 12374: 12124: 11976: 11065: 10521: 9780: 9518:. Cardiff. University of Wales Press. 9435: 9338:Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar 9137:Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar 8898:David Williamson (21 November 2008). 8877:Williamson, David (7 February 2018). 8856:Williamson, David (7 February 2018). 8778: 8536:"Welsh medium or bilingual provision" 8355: 8153:. Conventions.coe.int. Archived from 8041:"'Welsh first' for new traffic signs" 7924:"Welsh Measure received Royal Assent" 7661:"200 years of the Census in... Wales" 7476: 7254: 7224: 7208: 6794: 6512: 6508: 6506: 6482:. The United Nations. 5 February 2015 6206: 6204: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6083:"Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011" 6008: 5561:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 5126: 5117: 5098: 5089: 4657:The canonical word order in Welsh is 3710:Iechyd da i chwi yn awr ac yn oesoedd 3345:Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889 3027:establishes a Welsh Language Tribunal 2556: 2407:, on the basis of an analysis of the 2354: 1512: 1493: 47: 10547: 10092:by county or county borough in Wales 9614: 9334: 8248: 7801:[Welcome to HSBC in Wales]. 7335:"QS204EW – Main language (detailed)" 7257:"Introduction; The Celtic Border; 4" 7145:Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 6836: 6717: 6697:"William Morgan | Welsh bishop" 6340: 6323: 5565: 4856:Ble 'dyn ni'n mynd? Tŷ ti neu dŷ fi? 4674:, with the main verb appearing as a 4619:). Welsh nouns belong to one of two 3809:voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 3441:Sign promoting the learning of Welsh 2133:adding citations to reliable sources 2104: 1871:shows the language already dropping 1830:has suggested that the evolution in 1010:Catholic Church of England and Wales 10970:(Chubut Province, Argentina; Welsh) 10470:Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 8648:. Cellular-news.com. 11 August 2006 7827:"Eich cysylltu â'r hyn sy'n bwysig" 7778:www.welshlanguagecommissioner.wales 6872:Morris, Steven (18 December 2017). 5961: 5483:(D)ôdd e ddim wedi sefyll yna'n hir 5235:is consistent throughout the lower 4818: 3281:In July 1846, three commissioners, 3129:The UK government has ratified the 3012:Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 3002:. Subsequent to the forming of the 2190:in 1567, and the complete Bible by 1565:Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 1065:Disestablishment of Church in Wales 13: 11091: 9806: 9592:Link for Welsh language statistics 9529: 9521:J.W. Aitchison; H. Carter (2004). 9514:J.W. Aitchison; H. Carter (2000). 9037:Yr elfen Ladin yn yr iaith Gymraeg 7930:. 11 February 2011. Archived from 7889:"'Historic' vote for language law" 7279:(on-line). Accessed 21 March 2010" 7239:10.1111/j.1467-968X.1884.tb00078.x 6549: 6503: 6201: 6170: 5841: 5680:Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion 5621: 5476:Doedd o ddim wedi sefyll yno'n hir 4880: 4833:"his house" (literally "his house 4789:in a possessive relationship with 4209:Symbols in parentheses are either 3695:A greeting in Welsh is one of the 2963:in 1925, the establishment of the 1917: 14: 12864: 12792:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 9555: 9287:. Cymdeithas Madog. 15 March 2000 8680:"Mobile phone for Welsh-speakers" 8565:More information can be found at 8276:"'Treacherous' Blue Books online" 8232:"Daily Welsh newspaper abandoned" 6513:Janet, Davies (15 January 2014). 6258: 5911:"Cultural diversity: Census 2021" 5361:Subjunctive in fixed idioms only 4846:"I like you" ('I am your liking 4779:The Welsh for "I like Rhodri" is 4450:In contrast to English practice, 4386: 4379: 4361: 4354: 4345: 4338: 4331: 4317: 4310: 4303: 4296: 4289: 4282: 4195: 4187: 4179: 4166: 4132: 4125: 4105: 4096: 4083: 4074: 4066: 4058: 4051: 4044: 4037: 4030: 4012: 4005: 3995: 3986: 3976: 3969: 3960: 3953: 3935: 3928: 3915: 3908: 3899: 3892: 3640:Use within the British parliament 3579:predictive text in Welsh. At the 1667:is a descendant, via Old English 11956: 11198:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 11033:Scottish Gaelic-medium education 10500: 10488: 10450:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 9759: 9742: 9725: 9708: 9691: 9674: 9657: 9640: 9623: 9487: 9462: 9429: 9396: 9363: 9328: 9299: 9277: 9254: 9225: 9203: 9177: 9150: 9129: 9102: 9066: 9053: 9029: 9009: 8984: 8959: 8947: 8919: 8891: 8870: 8849: 8821: 8793: 8772: 8760:. Apps in Welsh. 29 October 2015 8750: 8724: 8698: 8672: 8660: 8638: 8615: 8592: 8571: 8559: 8550: 8528: 7375:. Office for National Statistics 6612:Wales: Churches, Houses, Castles 6291:"2: Britons and their Languages" 5809:Devine, Darren (30 March 2013). 5633: 5593: 5317:Subject pronouns rarely omitted 4901:, literally "sixty-ten") to 99 ( 2938: 2937: 2930: 2929: 2922: 2921: 2909: 2908: 2901: 2900: 2893: 2892: 2880: 2879: 2872: 2871: 2864: 2863: 2851: 2850: 2843: 2842: 2835: 2834: 2822: 2821: 2814: 2813: 2806: 2805: 2793: 2792: 2785: 2784: 2777: 2776: 2764: 2763: 2756: 2755: 2748: 2747: 2735: 2734: 2727: 2726: 2719: 2718: 2706: 2705: 2698: 2697: 2690: 2689: 2677: 2676: 2669: 2668: 2661: 2660: 2648: 2647: 2640: 2639: 2632: 2631: 2619: 2618: 2611: 2610: 2603: 2602: 2507: 2349: 2109: 2071: 2059: 2047: 2035: 1995:) were written during this era. 1640:, a military battle between the 1421: 670:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 572: 12833:Languages of the United Kingdom 12152:Languages of the United Kingdom 8492: 8470: 8452: 8417: 8380: 8306: 8268: 8249:Rowe, Katrina (23 March 2021). 8242: 8224: 8193: 8181: 8169: 8143: 8113: 8087: 8059: 8033: 8008: 7977: 7938: 7851: 7819: 7791: 7766: 7745: 7724: 7706: 7681: 7653: 7628: 7603: 7577: 7551: 7526: 7496: 7470: 7434: 7409: 7387: 7362: 7349:"2011 Census Glossary of Terms" 7341: 7292: 7267: 7202: 7193: 7163: 7136: 7102: 7081: 7056: 7031: 7006: 6978: 6953: 6893: 6865: 6807: 6788: 6763: 6737: 6720:"Is Welsh the oldest language?" 6711: 6689: 6667: 6641: 6558:Wales and the Britons, 350–1064 6468: 6440: 6382: 6295:Wales and the Britons, 350–1064 6279: 6252: 6230: 6144: 6109: 6075: 6056: 6035: 5915:Australian Bureau of Statistics 5685:Languages in the United Kingdom 5554: 3733:"stone") with hundreds of word 3503:Use in professional engineering 3269:were systematically destroyed. 3230: 2954: 2120:needs additional citations for 2100: 1998: 1525:subgroup that is native to the 12063:Survey of Anglo-Welsh Dialects 10982:(Nova Scotia; Scottish Gaelic) 8779:Heath, Tony (26 August 1996). 8669:(publish date: 25 August 2009) 7356:Office For National Statistics 7113:, in Coupland, Nikolas (ed.), 6965:Office for National Statistics 6718:Llŷr, Dylan (20 August 2013). 6563:The American Historical Review 6002: 5989: 5955: 5929: 5903: 5878: 5802: 5780: 5700:List of Welsh-language authors 4426:treated as single letters for 4403: 3765:). It also borrows words from 3632:, a Welsh regiment serving in 3179:, which was launched in 1977. 3151:in November 1982, which until 2495: 2409:Office for National Statistics 2273:Office for National Statistics 1529:. Welsh is spoken natively in 111:speakers) (official statistic) 1: 12838:Verb–subject–object languages 12171:Recognised regional languages 11834:Non-Christian belief systems 11053:extinct or ancestor languages 10039:Bible translations into Welsh 9508: 9263:Linguistic Geography of Wales 9240:] (in Welsh). Gwasg Taf. 9163:. University of Wales Press. 8462:. Stats Wales. Archived from 6516:The Welsh Language: A History 6389:Miller, Katherine L. (2014). 5463:He had not stood there long. 5421:Dw i'n codi'n gynnar bob dydd 5261:Linguistic Geography of Wales 5135:The four traditional dialects 4599:, such as the use of initial 4576: 4488:⟨k, q, v, x, z⟩ 4460:⟨a, e, i, o, u⟩ 3716: 3611: 3526:List of Celtic-language media 3086:A bilingual road sign on the 2180:Bible translations into Welsh 1977: 1880:The Welsh Language: A History 1719:The modern names for various 1620:History of the Welsh language 1005:Christianity in Roman Britain 10236:National Eisteddfod of Wales 9370:Williams, Stephen J (1980). 9306:Klingebiel, Kathryn (1994). 9273:for Board of Celtic Studies. 8927:"Welsh language debut in EU" 7449:National Records of Scotland 7111:"The Anglicisation of Wales" 6795:Brant, Colin (Spring 2020). 6240:. ITV News. 4 September 2017 6009:Nolan, Edward Henry (1859). 5690:List of Welsh-language media 5496:Ni chysgant ond pan fo angen 5436:I'll get up early tomorrow. 5428:Rwy'n codi'n gynnar bob dydd 5275: 4557:, most often in the case of 3827:than the stressed syllable. 3784: 3691:Use by the Voyager programme 3581:National Eisteddfod of Wales 2985:Government of Wales Act 1998 2463: 2451: 2031:Languages of Wales 1750–1900 1925: 1875:in the declension of nouns. 1577:, with Welsh being the only 496:according to the 2021 census 7: 12823:Western Brittonic languages 10350:Welsh Language Commissioner 9844:Treachery of the Blue Books 9573:Welsh Language Commissioner 9403:Thomas, Peter Wynn (1996). 9213:. Kimkat.org. 20 April 2006 8482:Welsh Language Commissioner 8121:"Current school curriculum" 7799:"Croeso i HSBC yng Nghymru" 7640:United States Census Bureau 7477:Prior, Neil (30 May 2015). 7109:Williams, Colin H. (1990), 6815:"The Industrial Revolution" 6801:Applied Linguistics Commons 6452:Online Etymology Dictionary 5586: 5310:Can omit subject pronouns ( 5039: 4958:pedwar ar bymtheg ar hugain 4750:('do'), so "I went" can be 4641:inflection of the main verb 4583:Colloquial Welsh morphology 3599:devices, both the built-in 3452:local education authorities 3337:University College of Wales 3004:National Assembly for Wales 2247:, and 18.5 per cent in the 350:Welsh Language Commissioner 117:: 110,000 (2007, estimated) 10: 12869: 11930:Prince of Wales's feathers 10377:Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol 9578:Welsh language at Omniglot 9139:, published by Routledge, 9059:Thomas, Peter Wynn (1996) 8708:. Troi.org. Archived from 7835:(in Welsh). Archived from 6699:. Encyclopaedia Britannica 5408:I get up early every day. 5374:3rd.pl ending and pronoun 5366:3rd.pl ending and pronoun 4884: 4866: 4862: 4695:Siân is going to Llanelli. 4690:Mae Siân yn mynd i Lanelli 4650: 4580: 4407: 3788: 3608:that have been localised. 3555:, and on-line services to 3523: 3489:Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol 3234: 2211: 2002: 1946:, 9th to 11th centuries); 1929: 1776: 1772: 1617: 1613: 1408:Inventions and discoveries 1124:Welsh historical documents 978:List of festivals in Wales 12779: 12731: 12693: 12408: 12337: 12304: 12247: 12170: 12158: 12091: 12055:English language in Wales 12053: 12010: 11952: 11903: 11798: 11760: 11668: 11635: 11626: 11549: 11545: 11536: 11474: 11465: 11419: 11324: 11315: 11306: 11220: 11211: 11113: 11100: 11046: 11001: 10954: 10931: 10868:? (possibly hypothetical) 10856: 10772: 10750: 10709: 10686: 10668: 10657: 10648: 10573: 10555: 10483: 10442: 10364: 10337: 10289: 10271:Welsh Learner of the Year 10220: 10133: 10080:Welsh-speaking population 10072: 9998:Medieval Welsh literature 9983: 9931:Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru 9857: 9814: 9547:10.1017/S0025100321000165 9413:University of Wales Press 9380:University of Wales Press 9271:University of Wales Press 9211:"Index to Welsh dialects" 9115:Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru 8758:"Apps in Welsh Directory" 8609:25 September 2006 at the 8409:Ysgol Gymraeg Aberystwyth 8408: 7928:Welsh Assembly Government 7275:"Nigel Callaghan (1993). 7157:10.1017/S1366728916000018 7089:University of Wales Press 6525:University of Wales Press 6398:(Doctoral dissertation). 6287:Charles-Edwards, Thomas M 6045:Chronological Antiquities 5455:Wna i godi'n gynnar fory. 5342:'I go' and 'I shall go') 5221: 4646: 4587:Literary Welsh morphology 4237: 4232: 4227: 4225: 4203: 4201: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4122: 4120: 4093: 4091: 4020: 4018: 4002: 3982: 3966: 3943: 3941: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3905: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3663:Use at the European Union 3520:In information technology 3487: 3424: 3419:Ysgol Gymraeg Aberystwyth 3418: 3404:Ysgol Gymraeg Aberystwyth 3402: 3305:Treason of the Blue Books 3173: 3163: 3157: 3140:Bilingual road sign near 2579: 2527: 2514:American Community Survey 2475: 2340: 2328: 2300: 2291:(known in linguistics as 2214:Welsh-speaking population 1863: 1596:Welsh-speaking population 1539: 761:Traditional Welsh costume 521: 501: 490:Welsh-speaking population 482: 468: 456: 440: 424: 388: 370: 365: 340: 319: 304:Official language in 302: 297: 265: 226: 198: 145: 92: 82: 55: 43: 28: 23: 11504:Housing and construction 10266:Welsh Language Music Day 10241:Urdd National Eisteddfod 10027:Mudiad Ysgolion Meithrin 8176:Welsh language provision 5774: 5757:(A language invented by 5734:St Benet's, Paul's Wharf 5569: 5448:Mi goda i'n gynnar fory. 5413:Codaf yn gynnar bob dydd 5070:Ych chi'n moyn dishgled? 4597:Insular Celtic languages 3817:voiceless alveolar trill 3410:Sir Ifan ap Owen Edwards 2967:in 1962 and the rise of 2430:; and Oswestry South in 2269:Annual Population Survey 2207: 1936:The next main period is 1480:Video of a Welsh speaker 12028:(south-eastern dialect) 12022:(south-western dialect) 11888:1904–1905 Welsh revival 11883:Welsh Methodist revival 10876:? (possibly related to 10465:Welsh Language Act 1993 10460:Welsh Language Act 1967 10324:(north/central-eastern) 9261:Thomas, Alan R (1973). 8646:"Cellular News webpage" 8298:Brad y Llyfrau Gleision 8200:Conboy, Martin (2010). 6299:Oxford University Press 5358:Subjunctive verb forms 4605:conjugated prepositions 3567:Mobile phone technology 3300:Brad y Llyfrau Gleision 3142:Wrexham Central station 2981:Welsh Language Act 1993 2547:Bilingual road markings 2502:2018 New Zealand census 2203:Geographic distribution 1898: 1885: 1765: 1712: 1690:known to the Romans as 1680: 1669: 1060:1904–1905 Welsh Revival 1055:Welsh Methodist revival 12843:Languages of Argentina 12451:Bosnia and Herzegovina 11038:Welsh-medium education 10688:Southwestern Brittonic 10392:Welsh Language Society 10022:Welsh-medium education 9583:Welsh Language Board: 9285:"Teach Yourself Welsh" 8632:7 January 2009 at the 8604:released in March 2006 8297: 6265:Agence Bretagne Presse 6052:: J Noon. p. 143. 6042:Jackson, John (1752). 6012:Great Britain As It Is 5997:Act of Uniformity 1662 5941:UNESCO Digital Library 5725: 5629: 5609:Listen to this article 5576: 5547: 5541: 5524: 5503: 5495: 5482: 5475: 5467: 5454: 5447: 5441:Codaf yn gynnar yfory. 5440: 5427: 5420: 5412: 5376: 5368: 5349: 5338: 5325:More extensive use of 5292: 5290:) and Literary Welsh ( 5286: 5268: 5248: 5198: 5184: 5170: 5156: 5147: 5141: 5109: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5063: 5047: 5024: 5018: 5012: 5006: 5000: 4994: 4988: 4978: 4969: 4963: 4957: 4947: 4945:"two twenties", 60 is 4941: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4913: 4903: 4897: 4855: 4839: 4826: 4811: 4797:": , literally, "am I 4781: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4746: 4713: 4707: 4701: 4689: 4680: 4666: 4569: 4563: 4549: 4516: 4510: 4504: 4482: 4476: 4470: 4438: 4432: 4414:Welsh is written in a 3777: 3771: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3729: 3723: 3709: 3622:United States military 3495: 3460: 3442: 3397: 3349: 3299: 3246: 3237:Welsh medium education 3223: 3212: 3196: 3184: 3144: 3117: 3112:Pleidiol wyf i'm gwlad 3111: 3094: 2995:Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg 2994: 2965:Welsh Language Society 2553: 2539: 2470:2016 Australian census 2238:Welsh-medium education 2224: 2175: 2017: 2011: 1991: 1972: 1942: 1910: 1904: 1891: 1855: 1836: 1788: 1755: 1745: 1706:the term went through 1692: 1508: 1489: 1481: 938:Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau 730:Welsh-medium education 523:This article contains 36: 30: 12105:British Sign Language 12040:(north Wales dialect) 11893:Welsh Church Act 1914 11660:British Sign Language 11015:Skol Veythrin Karenza 10955:Celtic-speaking areas 10880:or pre-Indo-European) 10455:Welsh Courts Act 1942 10387:Cymreigyddion y Fenni 10246:Sesiwn Fawr Dolgellau 10231:Celtic Media Festival 9335:King, Gareth (2016). 8488:on 23 September 2016. 8466:on 23 September 2016. 8313:Davies, John (1993). 7934:on 22 September 2013. 7668:www.statistics.gov.uk 6576:10.1093/ahr/119.2.578 6128:The National Archives 6093:The National Archives 6071:: D Duncan & Sons 5849:"Wales and Patagonia" 5628: 5468:Ni safasai yno yn hir 4973:('three tens nine'). 4917:: 11), 16 to 19 are " 4904:quatre-vingt-dix-neuf 4815:('Am I liking you'). 4422:, of which eight are 3701:Voyager Golden Record 3646:Welsh Grand Committee 3630:Royal Welch Fusiliers 3524:Further information: 3440: 3391: 3244: 3139: 3133:in respect of Welsh. 3085: 2545: 2537: 2373:Book of Common Prayer 2222: 2166: 1786: 1545:(the Welsh colony in 1479: 1129:Welsh-language comics 12853:Vulnerable languages 12402:Languages of Europe 11449:British Armed Forces 11289:Wales–England border 10382:Cymdeithas y Dysgwyr 10355:Welsh Language Board 9956:in the United States 9436:Jones, Ceri (2013). 8567:Welsh for Adults.org 8540:Welsh Language Board 8500:"The Welsh language" 8255:West Wales Chronicle 8157:on 18 September 2015 7508:stat.data.abs.gov.au 7255:Ellis, A.J. (1889). 7068:statswales.gov.wales 5739:Welsh Language Board 5710:List of Welsh people 5660:More spoken articles 5525:Beibl Cymraeg Newydd 5064:Dach chi isio paned? 5048:Beibl Cymraeg Newydd 4927:: 16), though 18 is 3747:'window' < Latin 3669:Council of Ministers 3573:Welsh Language Board 3533:Microsoft Windows XP 3053:Welsh Language Board 3000:statutory instrument 2990:Welsh Language Board 2490:2021 Canadian census 2482:2011 Canadian census 2405:Welsh Language Board 2377:Alexander John Ellis 2308:Conwy County Borough 2129:improve this article 1950:from both Wales and 1787:The 1588 Welsh Bible 1759:, descends from the 1700:Western Roman Empire 1604:Welsh-medium schools 1514:[əɡəmˈraːiɡ] 1341:World Heritage Sites 356:Welsh Language Board 12694:States with limited 12338:Languages by region 12083:Port Talbot English 12034:(mid-Wales dialect) 11608:Scheduled monuments 11584:Literature in Welsh 11484:Banking and finance 11262:Mountains and hills 11188:Statute of Rhuddlan 11027:Bunscoill Ghaelgagh 11002:Immersive education 9191:. 101 Languages.net 9061:Gramadeg y Gymraeg. 8712:on 23 February 2014 8396:. 25 September 2014 8358:Jenkins, Geraint H. 8238:. 15 February 2008. 8131:on 25 February 2019 7839:on 11 November 2018 7832:Arriva Trains Wales 7762:. 11 December 2012. 6909:. 22 September 2018 6596:Koch, p. 1757. 6400:University of Leeds 6065:The Cymric Language 5695:List of Welsh films 5284:—Colloquial Welsh ( 5215:A fifth dialect is 5076:Ych chi isie paned? 4982:), it triggers the 4782:Dw i'n hoffi Rhodri 4659:verb–subject–object 4639:rather than by the 4621:grammatical genders 4611:that fuse with the 4601:consonant mutations 4442:in the dictionary: 4222: 4213:, or found only in 3832: 3831:Consonant phonemes 3618:Navajo code talkers 3553:Linux distributions 3448:National Curriculum 3430:was established in 3351:Ysgol Syr Hugh Owen 3323:of Welsh history". 3047:On 5 October 2011, 2570: 2488:. According to the 1791:Welsh evolved from 1495:[kəmˈraːiɡ] 1378:Flag of Saint David 1145:and performing arts 1015:Celtic Christianity 933:Dydd Santes Dwynwen 660:Statute of Rhuddlan 321:Recognised minority 49:[kəmˈraːiɡ] 12848:Languages of Wales 12828:Fusional languages 12004:Languages of Wales 11775:Healthcare service 11396:Secretary of State 11178:Edwardian conquest 11168:Medieval Welsh law 11153:Kingdom of Gwynedd 10980:Cape Breton Island 10816:Early Modern Irish 10576:Continental Celtic 10417:Urdd Gobaith Cymru 9900:Singulative number 9405:Gramadeg y Gymraeg 9090:on 23 January 2018 8935:. 17 November 2004 8809:. 22 February 2017 8546:on 4 October 2007. 8316:A History of Wales 8284:. 23 December 2005 8101:. 19 November 2020 7962:. 12 February 2011 7097:The Welsh Language 6994:. 11 December 2012 6500:Koch, pp. 291–292. 6426:A History of Wales 6218:. 17 February 2022 6123:legislation.gov.uk 6088:legislation.gov.uk 6021:John Lane & Co 5630: 5542:Gramadeg y Gymraeg 5537:A Grammar of Welsh 5516:Welsh translations 5239:and in the Andes. 5034:grammatical gender 4921:on fifteen" (e.g. 4801:liking" – "I like 4603:and of so-called " 4220: 3830: 3805:European languages 3759:'wine' < Latin 3509:Chartered Engineer 3443: 3398: 3247: 3227:, in circulation. 3153:digital switchover 3145: 3119:Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau 3095: 2561: 2557:Number of speakers 2554: 2540: 2439:regions of England 2369:Bishop of Hereford 2355:The rest of the UK 2225: 2186:was translated by 2176: 1828:Kenneth H. Jackson 1789: 1725:Continental Europe 1708:semantic narrowing 1634:Kenneth H. Jackson 1482: 650:Edwardian conquest 640:Medieval Welsh law 625:Kingdom of Gwynedd 12800: 12799: 12368: 12367: 12159:Official language 12118: 12117: 11970: 11969: 11948: 11947: 11794: 11793: 11790: 11789: 11532: 11531: 11461: 11460: 11457: 11456: 11386:Political parties 11302: 11301: 11193:Glyndŵr rebellion 11148:Early Middle Ages 11059: 11058: 10852: 10851: 10768: 10767: 10711:Western Brittonic 10600:Cisalpine Gaulish 10515: 10514: 10402:Dyfodol i'r Iaith 10125:Other occupations 9455:978-1-84851-748-6 9422:978-0-7083-1345-9 9389:978-0-7083-0735-9 9356:978-1-138-82629-8 9321:978-0-926689-04-6 9247:978-0-948469-14-5 9170:978-1-78316-798-2 8992:"Welsh greetings" 8954:Speech transcript 8837:. 7 February 2018 8437:on 5 October 2016 8334:978-0-14-014581-6 8217:978-1-4462-0972-1 8208:SAGE Publications 8075:. 20 October 2021 7897:. 7 December 2010 7677:on 19 March 2009. 7615:www.stats.govt.nz 7564:Statistics Canada 7538:Statistics Canada 6853:. 6 December 2022 6534:978-1-78316-019-8 6429:. Penguin: p.71; 6308:978-0-19-821731-2 6259:Luain, Cathal Ó. 6158:. 6 December 2022 6048:. Vol. III. 5917:. 12 January 2022 5890:Statistics Canada 5770: 5674:English and Welsh 5626: 5584: 5583: 5559:Article 1 of the 5511: 5510: 5403:Colloquial Welsh 5383: 5382: 5305:Colloquial Welsh 5293:Cymraeg llenyddol 5246:). The 1989 book 5204:, the dialect of 4631:(technically the 4613:personal pronouns 4573:('fine, small'). 4534:⟨k⟩ 4530:⟨c⟩ 4526:William Salesbury 4522:⟨k⟩ 4466:⟨j⟩ 4456:⟨y⟩ 4452:⟨w⟩ 4410:Welsh orthography 4398: 4397: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4207: 4206: 3815:, and , and the 3705:Voyager programme 3620:were used by the 3551:and a variety of 3389: 3327:schools used the 3313:Kenneth O. Morgan 2969:Welsh nationalism 2946: 2945: 2577:Welsh population 2188:William Salesbury 2161: 2160: 2153: 1911:Lingua Britannica 1821:Early Middle Ages 1590:According to the 1477: 1464: 1463: 1045:William Salesbury 1000:Religion in Wales 943:Saint David's Day 814:Matter of Britain 782:Historic counties 665:Glyndŵr rebellion 620:Early Middle Ages 549: 548: 531:rendering support 527:phonetic symbols. 342:Regulated by 177:Western Brittonic 101:: 538,300 (2021) 12860: 12732:Dependencies and 12668:Northern Ireland 12409:Sovereign states 12395: 12388: 12381: 12372: 12371: 12350:Northern Ireland 12145: 12138: 12131: 12122: 12121: 12068:Abercraf English 11997: 11990: 11983: 11974: 11973: 11963:Wales portal 11961: 11960: 11959: 11633: 11632: 11547: 11546: 11543: 11542: 11472: 11471: 11439:Modern Welsh law 11354:Local government 11322: 11321: 11313: 11312: 11218: 11217: 11183:Late Middle Ages 11158:Kingdom of Powys 11143:Anglo-Welsh Wars 11086: 11079: 11072: 11063: 11062: 10841:Galwegian Gaelic 10822:Classical Gaelic 10783:Classical Gaelic 10677:Common Brittonic 10666: 10665: 10655: 10654: 10549:Celtic languages 10542: 10535: 10528: 10519: 10518: 10505: 10504: 10503: 10493: 10492: 10329:Patagonian Welsh 10311:(north-western) 10251:Shwmae Sumae Day 9824:Common Brittonic 9801: 9794: 9787: 9778: 9777: 9772: 9764: 9763: 9762: 9755: 9747: 9746: 9745: 9738: 9730: 9729: 9728: 9721: 9720:from Wikiversity 9713: 9712: 9711: 9704: 9696: 9695: 9694: 9687: 9679: 9678: 9677: 9670: 9662: 9661: 9660: 9653: 9645: 9644: 9643: 9636: 9628: 9627: 9626: 9616: 9549: 9503: 9502: 9491: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9480: 9466: 9460: 9459: 9433: 9427: 9426: 9400: 9394: 9393: 9367: 9361: 9360: 9341:(3rd ed.). 9332: 9326: 9325: 9303: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9292: 9281: 9275: 9274: 9258: 9252: 9251: 9229: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9218: 9207: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9196: 9181: 9175: 9174: 9154: 9148: 9133: 9127: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9106: 9100: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9089: 9083:. Archived from 9078: 9070: 9064: 9057: 9051: 9050: 9033: 9027: 9026: 9013: 9007: 9006: 9004: 9002: 8988: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8963: 8957: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8940: 8923: 8917: 8916: 8914: 8912: 8895: 8889: 8888: 8874: 8868: 8867: 8853: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8825: 8819: 8818: 8816: 8814: 8797: 8791: 8790: 8776: 8770: 8769: 8767: 8765: 8754: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8728: 8722: 8721: 8719: 8717: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8691: 8676: 8670: 8664: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8653: 8642: 8636: 8619: 8613: 8596: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8579:"Gwerddon.Cymru" 8575: 8569: 8563: 8557: 8556:learncymraeg.org 8554: 8548: 8547: 8542:. Archived from 8532: 8526: 8525: 8519: 8517: 8508:. Archived from 8496: 8490: 8489: 8484:. Archived from 8474: 8468: 8467: 8456: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8442: 8433:. Archived from 8430:Ysgol Glan Clwyd 8421: 8415: 8414: 8411: 8410: 8403: 8401: 8384: 8378: 8377: 8353: 8347: 8346: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8300: 8291: 8289: 8272: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8246: 8240: 8239: 8228: 8222: 8221: 8197: 8191: 8185: 8179: 8173: 8167: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8147: 8141: 8140: 8138: 8136: 8127:. Archived from 8125:Welsh Government 8117: 8111: 8110: 8108: 8106: 8091: 8085: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8063: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8037: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8012: 8006: 8005: 8000: 7998: 7993:. 5 October 2011 7981: 7975: 7974: 7969: 7967: 7942: 7936: 7935: 7920: 7911: 7910: 7904: 7902: 7885: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7863: 7855: 7849: 7848: 7846: 7844: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7795: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7770: 7764: 7763: 7757: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7736: 7728: 7722: 7721: 7710: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7685: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7670:. Archived from 7665: 7657: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7632: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7607: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7596: 7591:. 18 August 2022 7581: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7555: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7530: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7510:. Archived from 7500: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7474: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7458:on 31 March 2019 7457: 7451:. Archived from 7446: 7438: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7427: 7413: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7402: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7374: 7366: 7360: 7359: 7353: 7345: 7339: 7338: 7331: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7312:on 30 March 2012 7311: 7305:. Archived from 7304: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7285: 7271: 7265: 7264: 7252: 7250: 7222: 7206: 7200: 7197: 7191: 7190: 7188: 7186: 7177:. Archived from 7175:Welsh Government 7167: 7161: 7160: 7140: 7134: 7133: 7106: 7100: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7060: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7043:Welsh Government 7035: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7018:Welsh Government 7010: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6982: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6971: 6957: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6941:on 27 April 2012 6940: 6934:. Archived from 6933: 6925: 6919: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6897: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6869: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6858: 6843: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6792: 6786: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6751:. 1 January 1970 6741: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6715: 6709: 6708: 6706: 6704: 6693: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6671: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6660: 6655:. 3 January 2018 6645: 6639: 6638: 6603: 6597: 6594: 6588: 6587: 6553: 6547: 6546: 6510: 6501: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6460: 6458: 6444: 6438: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6402:. pp. 81–83 6397: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6360:. p. 1757. 6351: 6338: 6321: 6320: 6297:(1st ed.). 6283: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6256: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6208: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6194: 6179: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6148: 6142: 6141: 6136: 6134: 6113: 6107: 6106: 6101: 6099: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6060: 6054: 6053: 6039: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6006: 6000: 5993: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5973:. Archived from 5959: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5907: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5870: 5868: 5859:. Archived from 5857:Welsh Government 5845: 5839: 5838: 5833: 5831: 5806: 5800: 5799: 5793: 5784: 5759:J. R. R. Tolkien 5756: 5744:Welsh placenames 5730: 5720:Welsh literature 5650: 5648: 5637: 5636: 5627: 5617: 5615: 5610: 5603: 5598: 5597: 5596: 5566: 5550: 5548:Dweud Eich Dweud 5544: 5534: 5528:(Welsh for ' 5527: 5506: 5498: 5485: 5478: 5470: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5430: 5423: 5415: 5394: 5393: 5379: 5371: 5352: 5341: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5289: 5271: 5258: 5252:(Welsh for ' 5251: 5226: 5225: 5217:Patagonian Welsh 5203: 5189: 5175: 5161: 5150: 5145:) and southern ( 5144: 5130: 5125: 5121: 5116: 5112: 5102: 5097: 5093: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5053:subjunctive mood 5050: 5027: 5021: 5015: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4981: 4972: 4966: 4964:deugain namyn un 4960: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4932: 4926: 4916: 4906: 4900: 4858: 4852: 4845: 4840:Dw i'n dy hoffi 4832: 4819:Pronoun doubling 4814: 4784: 4767: 4761: 4755: 4749: 4716: 4710: 4704: 4692: 4683: 4670:('to be') as an 4669: 4572: 4566: 4552: 4539:The most common 4535: 4531: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4441: 4435: 4390: 4383: 4365: 4358: 4349: 4342: 4335: 4321: 4314: 4307: 4300: 4293: 4286: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4223: 4219: 4199: 4191: 4183: 4170: 4136: 4129: 4109: 4100: 4087: 4078: 4070: 4062: 4055: 4048: 4041: 4034: 4016: 4009: 3999: 3990: 3980: 3973: 3964: 3957: 3939: 3932: 3919: 3912: 3903: 3896: 3833: 3829: 3813:voiceless nasals 3780: 3774: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3732: 3726: 3712: 3699:included on the 3673:Alun Ffred Jones 3537:Microsoft Office 3498: 3492: 3491: 3463: 3429: 3428: 3426:Ysgol Glan Clwyd 3421: 3420: 3407: 3406: 3390: 3354: 3302: 3226: 3217: 3208:Welsh Government 3201: 3189: 3178: 3177: 3166: 3165: 3160: 3159: 3122: 3114: 3057:Welsh Government 3042:Alun Ffred Jones 2997: 2941: 2940: 2933: 2932: 2925: 2924: 2912: 2911: 2904: 2903: 2896: 2895: 2883: 2882: 2875: 2874: 2867: 2866: 2854: 2853: 2846: 2845: 2838: 2837: 2825: 2824: 2817: 2816: 2809: 2808: 2796: 2795: 2788: 2787: 2780: 2779: 2767: 2766: 2759: 2758: 2751: 2750: 2738: 2737: 2730: 2729: 2722: 2721: 2709: 2708: 2701: 2700: 2693: 2692: 2680: 2679: 2672: 2671: 2664: 2663: 2651: 2650: 2643: 2642: 2635: 2634: 2622: 2621: 2614: 2613: 2606: 2605: 2571: 2560: 2458:Patagonian Welsh 2345: 2344: 2333: 2332: 2305: 2304: 2156: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2136: 2113: 2105: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2075: 2063: 2051: 2039: 2022: 2014: 1994: 1986:Book of Taliesin 1982: 1979: 1975: 1945: 1913: 1907: 1901: 1894: 1888: 1866: 1865: 1860: 1841: 1799:. Classified as 1793:Common Brittonic 1768: 1758: 1748: 1721:Romance-speaking 1715: 1697: 1685: 1672: 1638:Battle of Dyrham 1544: 1543: 1516: 1511: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1497: 1492: 1478: 1456: 1449: 1442: 1428:Wales portal 1426: 1425: 1424: 1157:Welsh folk music 968:Gŵyl San Steffan 871:Selsig Morgannwg 809:Arthurian legend 720:Welsh placenames 655:Late Middle Ages 630:Kingdom of Powys 615:Anglo-Welsh Wars 576: 567: 565:Culture of Wales 551: 550: 515: 506: 487: 478: 452: 436: 429: 420: 414: 407: 401: 393: 384: 383: 375: 323:language in 271: 258:Patagonian Welsh 206:Common Brittonic 151: 51: 39: 33: 21: 20: 12868: 12867: 12863: 12862: 12861: 12859: 12858: 12857: 12803: 12802: 12801: 12796: 12775: 12733: 12727: 12713:Northern Cyprus 12695: 12689: 12583:North Macedonia 12404: 12399: 12369: 12364: 12333: 12300: 12260:Beurla Reagaird 12248:Other languages 12243: 12234:Scottish Gaelic 12166: 12154: 12149: 12119: 12114: 12092:Other languages 12087: 12073:Cardiff English 12049: 12041: 12006: 12001: 11971: 11966: 11957: 11955: 11944: 11899: 11828:Presbyterianism 11786: 11756: 11688:Welsh Americans 11664: 11622: 11528: 11514:Slate quarrying 11453: 11429:Counsel General 11415: 11298: 11267:Protected areas 11207: 11173:Norman invasion 11109: 11096: 11090: 11060: 11055: 11042: 10997: 10950: 10941:Beurla Reagaird 10927: 10865:Ancient Belgian 10848: 10835:Scottish Gaelic 10795:Primitive Irish 10764: 10746: 10705: 10682: 10661: 10644: 10569: 10551: 10546: 10516: 10511: 10501: 10499: 10487: 10479: 10438: 10360: 10333: 10325: 10305:(south-eastern) 10299:(south-western) 10285: 10216: 10160:BBC Radio Cymru 10129: 10068: 10003:Welsh mythology 9979: 9965:on road signage 9853: 9810: 9805: 9775: 9765: 9760: 9758: 9748: 9743: 9741: 9737:from Wikivoyage 9731: 9726: 9724: 9714: 9709: 9707: 9697: 9692: 9690: 9686:from Wikisource 9680: 9675: 9673: 9663: 9658: 9656: 9646: 9641: 9639: 9635:from Wiktionary 9629: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9615:sister projects 9612:at Knowledge's 9558: 9553: 9532: 9530:Further reading 9511: 9506: 9493: 9492: 9488: 9478: 9476: 9468: 9467: 9463: 9456: 9434: 9430: 9423: 9401: 9397: 9390: 9372:A Welsh Grammar 9368: 9364: 9357: 9333: 9329: 9322: 9304: 9300: 9290: 9288: 9283: 9282: 9278: 9259: 9255: 9248: 9230: 9226: 9216: 9214: 9209: 9208: 9204: 9194: 9192: 9183: 9182: 9178: 9171: 9155: 9151: 9134: 9130: 9120: 9118: 9108: 9107: 9103: 9093: 9091: 9087: 9076: 9072: 9071: 9067: 9058: 9054: 9047: 9035: 9034: 9030: 9025:. 10 June 2011. 9015: 9014: 9010: 9000: 8998: 8990: 8989: 8985: 8975: 8973: 8965: 8964: 8960: 8952: 8948: 8938: 8936: 8932:BBC News Online 8925: 8924: 8920: 8910: 8908: 8896: 8892: 8875: 8871: 8854: 8850: 8840: 8838: 8834:BBC News Online 8827: 8826: 8822: 8812: 8810: 8806:BBC News Online 8799: 8798: 8794: 8786:The Independent 8777: 8773: 8763: 8761: 8756: 8755: 8751: 8741: 8739: 8730: 8729: 8725: 8715: 8713: 8704: 8703: 8699: 8689: 8687: 8686:. 4 August 2009 8678: 8677: 8673: 8665: 8661: 8651: 8649: 8644: 8643: 8639: 8634:Wayback Machine 8620: 8616: 8611:Wayback Machine 8597: 8593: 8583: 8581: 8577: 8576: 8572: 8564: 8560: 8555: 8551: 8534: 8533: 8529: 8515: 8513: 8512:on 18 July 2012 8505:Citizens Advice 8498: 8497: 8493: 8478:"5-year Report" 8476: 8475: 8471: 8458: 8457: 8453: 8440: 8438: 8423: 8422: 8418: 8399: 8397: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8374: 8354: 8350: 8335: 8311: 8307: 8287: 8285: 8274: 8273: 8269: 8259: 8257: 8247: 8243: 8230: 8229: 8225: 8218: 8210:. p. 188. 8198: 8194: 8186: 8182: 8178:at S4C Analogue 8174: 8170: 8160: 8158: 8149: 8148: 8144: 8134: 8132: 8119: 8118: 8114: 8104: 8102: 8093: 8092: 8088: 8078: 8076: 8065: 8064: 8060: 8050: 8048: 8047:. 31 March 2016 8039: 8038: 8034: 8024: 8022: 8014: 8013: 8009: 7996: 7994: 7983: 7982: 7978: 7965: 7963: 7944: 7943: 7939: 7922: 7921: 7914: 7900: 7898: 7887: 7886: 7882: 7872: 7870: 7861: 7857: 7856: 7852: 7842: 7840: 7825: 7824: 7820: 7810: 7808: 7797: 7796: 7792: 7782: 7780: 7772: 7771: 7767: 7755: 7751: 7750: 7746: 7734: 7730: 7729: 7725: 7712: 7711: 7707: 7697: 7695: 7687: 7686: 7682: 7674: 7663: 7659: 7658: 7654: 7644: 7642: 7634: 7633: 7629: 7619: 7617: 7609: 7608: 7604: 7594: 7592: 7583: 7582: 7578: 7568: 7566: 7556: 7552: 7542: 7540: 7532: 7531: 7527: 7517: 7515: 7502: 7501: 7497: 7487: 7485: 7475: 7471: 7461: 7459: 7455: 7444: 7440: 7439: 7435: 7425: 7423: 7415: 7414: 7410: 7400: 7398: 7393: 7392: 7388: 7378: 7376: 7372: 7368: 7367: 7363: 7351: 7347: 7346: 7342: 7333: 7332: 7325: 7315: 7313: 7309: 7302: 7298: 7297: 7293: 7283: 7281: 7273: 7272: 7268: 7248:2027/hvd.hx57sj 7207: 7203: 7198: 7194: 7184: 7182: 7181:on 16 June 2016 7169: 7168: 7164: 7141: 7137: 7131: 7107: 7103: 7086: 7082: 7072: 7070: 7062: 7061: 7057: 7047: 7045: 7037: 7036: 7032: 7022: 7020: 7012: 7011: 7007: 6997: 6995: 6991:BBC News Online 6984: 6983: 6979: 6969: 6967: 6959: 6958: 6954: 6944: 6942: 6938: 6931: 6927: 6926: 6922: 6912: 6910: 6906:BBC News Online 6899: 6898: 6894: 6884: 6882: 6870: 6866: 6856: 6854: 6845: 6844: 6837: 6827: 6825: 6813: 6812: 6808: 6793: 6789: 6779: 6777: 6775:www.agor.org.uk 6769: 6768: 6764: 6754: 6752: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6728: 6726: 6716: 6712: 6702: 6700: 6695: 6694: 6690: 6680: 6678: 6677:. Library.wales 6673: 6672: 6668: 6658: 6656: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6627: 6619:. p. 244. 6604: 6600: 6595: 6591: 6554: 6550: 6535: 6511: 6504: 6499: 6495: 6485: 6483: 6474: 6473: 6469: 6456: 6454: 6446: 6445: 6441: 6419: 6415: 6405: 6403: 6395: 6387: 6383: 6368: 6339: 6324: 6309: 6284: 6280: 6270: 6268: 6257: 6253: 6243: 6241: 6236: 6235: 6231: 6221: 6219: 6210: 6209: 6202: 6192: 6190: 6181: 6180: 6171: 6161: 6159: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6132: 6130: 6115: 6114: 6110: 6097: 6095: 6081: 6080: 6076: 6061: 6057: 6040: 6036: 6026: 6024: 6007: 6003: 5994: 5990: 5980: 5978: 5960: 5956: 5946: 5944: 5935: 5934: 5930: 5920: 5918: 5909: 5908: 5904: 5894: 5892: 5884: 5883: 5879: 5866: 5864: 5863:on 5 April 2018 5847: 5846: 5842: 5829: 5827: 5807: 5803: 5791: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5664: 5663: 5652: 5646: 5644: 5641:This audio file 5638: 5631: 5622: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5608: 5599: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5580: 5573: 5557: 5551:by Ceri Jones. 5532: 5530:New Welsh Bible 5480: 5452: 5425: 5400:Literary Welsh 5392: 5346: 5335: 5302:Literary Welsh 5278: 5256: 5137: 5123: 5114: 5095: 5086: 5042: 4989:treiglad meddal 4889: 4883: 4881:Counting system 4871: 4865: 4850: 4821: 4812:Dw i'n hoffi ti 4777: 4655: 4649: 4637:auxiliary verbs 4615:that are their 4589: 4581:Main articles: 4579: 4533: 4529: 4521: 4487: 4465: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4412: 4406: 4221:Vowel phonemes 3860: 3793: 3791:Welsh phonology 3787: 3719: 3693: 3665: 3642: 3614: 3601:Google Keyboard 3569: 3549:Mozilla Firefox 3528: 3522: 3505: 3479:Open University 3365: 3239: 3233: 3218:('360 view'). 3175:BBC Radio Cymru 3051:, Chair of the 2957: 2580:Welsh speakers 2564:Taken from the 2559: 2551:Cardiff Airport 2530: 2510: 2498: 2478: 2466: 2454: 2357: 2352: 2320:Carmarthenshire 2262:Carmarthenshire 2217: 2210: 2205: 2157: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2126: 2114: 2103: 2098: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2079: 2076: 2067: 2064: 2055: 2052: 2043: 2040: 2007: 2001: 1980: 1934: 1928: 1920: 1918:Primitive Welsh 1902:'river' became 1781: 1775: 1622: 1616: 1547:Chubut Province 1519:Celtic language 1499: 1498: 1466: 1460: 1422: 1420: 1413: 1412: 1373:National anthem 1358: 1357: 1346: 1345: 1336: 1335: 1326: 1325: 1266: 1265: 1254: 1253: 1234: 1233: 1222: 1221: 1167:Welsh stepdance 1147: 1146: 1134: 1133: 1089: 1088: 1070: 1069: 995: 994: 983: 982: 923: 922: 911: 910: 881:Welsh breakfast 876:Tatws Pum Munud 836: 835: 824: 823: 804: 803: 788: 787: 770:Land division ( 756: 755: 746: 745: 701: 700: 682: 681: 680: 679: 645:Norman invasion 588: 587: 563: 529:Without proper 517: 516: 509: 497: 474: 448: 432: 425: 410: 409: 408: 397: 396: 389: 379: 378: 371: 361: 336: 333:Chubut Province 324: 322: 305: 298:Official status 293: 272: 267: 222: 201: 194: 152: 149:Language family 147: 102: 76:Chubut Province 17: 12: 11: 5: 12866: 12856: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12813:Welsh language 12798: 12797: 12795: 12794: 12789: 12787:European Union 12783: 12781: 12780:Other entities 12777: 12776: 12774: 12773: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12753: 12748: 12743: 12737: 12735: 12734:other entities 12729: 12728: 12726: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12699: 12697: 12691: 12690: 12688: 12687: 12682: 12681: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12665: 12658:United Kingdom 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12590: 12585: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12550: 12545: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12525: 12523: 12518: 12513: 12508: 12503: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12471:Czech Republic 12468: 12463: 12458: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12412: 12410: 12406: 12405: 12398: 12397: 12390: 12383: 12375: 12366: 12365: 12363: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12341: 12339: 12335: 12334: 12332: 12331: 12324: 12322:Northern Irish 12319: 12314: 12308: 12306: 12305:Sign languages 12302: 12301: 12299: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12281: 12274: 12269: 12262: 12257: 12251: 12249: 12245: 12244: 12242: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12230: 12229: 12219: 12218: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12190: 12185: 12180: 12174: 12172: 12168: 12167: 12162: 12160: 12156: 12155: 12148: 12147: 12140: 12133: 12125: 12116: 12115: 12113: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12095: 12093: 12089: 12088: 12086: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12059: 12057: 12051: 12050: 12048: 12047: 12042: 12035: 12029: 12023: 12016: 12014: 12012:Welsh language 12008: 12007: 12000: 11999: 11992: 11985: 11977: 11968: 11967: 11953: 11950: 11949: 11946: 11945: 11943: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11926: 11925: 11915: 11909: 11907: 11901: 11900: 11898: 11897: 11896: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11872: 11871: 11870: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11840: 11832: 11831: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11804: 11802: 11796: 11795: 11792: 11791: 11788: 11787: 11785: 11784: 11783: 11782: 11772: 11766: 11764: 11758: 11757: 11755: 11754: 11753: 11752: 11747: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11706: 11705: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11679: 11677: 11666: 11665: 11663: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11641: 11639: 11630: 11624: 11623: 11621: 11620: 11615: 11610: 11605: 11600: 11595: 11590: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11561: 11555: 11553: 11540: 11534: 11533: 11530: 11529: 11527: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11509:Power stations 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11475: 11469: 11463: 11462: 11459: 11458: 11455: 11454: 11452: 11451: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11425: 11423: 11417: 11416: 11414: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11372: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11351: 11346: 11344:First Minister 11341: 11336: 11330: 11328: 11319: 11310: 11304: 11303: 11300: 11299: 11297: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11280: 11279: 11274: 11272:National parks 11264: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11238: 11237: 11232: 11221: 11215: 11209: 11208: 11206: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11119: 11117: 11111: 11110: 11108: 11107: 11105:List of topics 11101: 11098: 11097: 11095: articles 11089: 11088: 11081: 11074: 11066: 11057: 11056: 11047: 11044: 11043: 11041: 11040: 11035: 11030: 11024: 11018: 11012: 11005: 11003: 10999: 10998: 10996: 10995: 10989: 10983: 10977: 10971: 10965: 10962:Lower Brittany 10958: 10956: 10952: 10951: 10949: 10948: 10943: 10937: 10935: 10929: 10928: 10926: 10925: 10922:Paleo-Hispanic 10913: 10901: 10889: 10881: 10869: 10860: 10858: 10854: 10853: 10850: 10849: 10847: 10846: 10845: 10844: 10832: 10827: 10826: 10825: 10812: 10805: 10798: 10786: 10778: 10776: 10770: 10769: 10766: 10765: 10763: 10762: 10754: 10752: 10748: 10747: 10745: 10744: 10743: 10742: 10735: 10723: 10715: 10713: 10707: 10706: 10704: 10703: 10698: 10692: 10690: 10684: 10683: 10681: 10680: 10672: 10670: 10663: 10652: 10650:Insular Celtic 10646: 10645: 10643: 10642: 10635: 10628: 10627: 10626: 10619: 10609:Hispano-Celtic 10605: 10604: 10603: 10589: 10581: 10579: 10571: 10570: 10568: 10567: 10559: 10557: 10553: 10552: 10545: 10544: 10537: 10530: 10522: 10513: 10512: 10510: 10509: 10497: 10484: 10481: 10480: 10478: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10446: 10444: 10440: 10439: 10437: 10436: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10368: 10366: 10362: 10361: 10359: 10358: 10352: 10347: 10341: 10339: 10335: 10334: 10332: 10331: 10326: 10319: 10318: 10317: 10306: 10300: 10293: 10291: 10287: 10286: 10284: 10283: 10278: 10276:Nant Gwrtheyrn 10273: 10268: 10263: 10261:Y Selar Awards 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10227: 10225: 10218: 10217: 10215: 10214: 10207: 10200: 10197:Tafod y Ddraig 10193: 10188: 10181: 10174: 10169: 10168: 10167: 10157: 10156: 10155: 10145: 10139: 10137: 10131: 10130: 10128: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10106: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10082: 10076: 10074: 10070: 10069: 10067: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10035: 10034: 10029: 10019: 10018: 10017: 10010: 10005: 9995: 9989: 9987: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9961: 9960: 9959: 9958: 9943: 9942: 9941: 9934: 9924: 9923: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9886: 9885: 9880: 9872: 9867: 9861: 9859: 9855: 9854: 9852: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9820: 9818: 9812: 9811: 9808:Welsh language 9804: 9803: 9796: 9789: 9781: 9774: 9773: 9756: 9739: 9722: 9705: 9703:from Wikibooks 9688: 9671: 9669:from Wikiquote 9654: 9637: 9608: 9606: 9605: 9595: 9589: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9557: 9556:External links 9554: 9552: 9551: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9527: 9526: 9519: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9504: 9499:United Nations 9486: 9461: 9454: 9428: 9421: 9395: 9388: 9362: 9355: 9327: 9320: 9298: 9276: 9253: 9246: 9224: 9202: 9176: 9169: 9149: 9128: 9101: 9065: 9052: 9045: 9028: 9008: 8983: 8958: 8946: 8918: 8890: 8869: 8848: 8820: 8792: 8771: 8749: 8738:on 21 May 2015 8723: 8697: 8671: 8659: 8637: 8614: 8591: 8570: 8558: 8549: 8527: 8491: 8469: 8451: 8416: 8379: 8373:978-0708316047 8372: 8348: 8333: 8305: 8267: 8241: 8223: 8216: 8192: 8180: 8168: 8142: 8112: 8086: 8058: 8045:Road Safety GB 8032: 8007: 7976: 7960:Trinity Mirror 7937: 7912: 7880: 7867:Welsh Assembly 7850: 7818: 7790: 7765: 7744: 7723: 7718:www.ons.gov.uk 7705: 7693:www.ons.gov.uk 7680: 7652: 7627: 7602: 7576: 7550: 7525: 7495: 7469: 7433: 7421:www.ons.gov.uk 7408: 7386: 7361: 7340: 7323: 7291: 7266: 7223:(reprinted as 7201: 7192: 7162: 7151:(5): 883–884. 7135: 7129: 7101: 7087:Janet Davies, 7080: 7055: 7030: 7005: 6977: 6952: 6920: 6892: 6864: 6835: 6806: 6787: 6762: 6736: 6710: 6688: 6666: 6640: 6625: 6607:Jenkins, Simon 6598: 6589: 6570:(2): 578–579. 6548: 6533: 6502: 6493: 6467: 6448:"Welsh (adj.)" 6439: 6413: 6381: 6366: 6322: 6307: 6301:. p. 75. 6278: 6251: 6229: 6200: 6189:. 27 June 2024 6169: 6143: 6108: 6074: 6055: 6034: 6001: 5988: 5977:on 9 July 2019 5954: 5928: 5902: 5877: 5840: 5825:Trinity Mirror 5801: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5772: 5771: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5670: 5653: 5639: 5632: 5620: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5604: 5588: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5574: 5556: 5553: 5509: 5508: 5500: 5492: 5488: 5487: 5472: 5464: 5460: 5459: 5444: 5437: 5433: 5432: 5417: 5409: 5405: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5391: 5388: 5381: 5380: 5372: 5363: 5362: 5359: 5355: 5354: 5343: 5331: 5330: 5323: 5319: 5318: 5315: 5307: 5306: 5303: 5287:Cymraeg llafar 5277: 5274: 5213: 5212: 5195: 5181: 5167: 5136: 5133: 5100:[miːʃ] 5091:[miːs] 5041: 5038: 5028:), which must 5016:) and 'four' ( 4911:on ten" (e.g. 4887:Welsh numerals 4885:Main article: 4882: 4879: 4867:Main article: 4864: 4861: 4820: 4817: 4776: 4773: 4762:('I did go'). 4759:Mi wnes i fynd 4697: 4696: 4693: 4672:auxiliary verb 4651:Main article: 4648: 4645: 4578: 4575: 4448: 4447: 4430:, for example 4416:Latin alphabet 4408:Main article: 4405: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4384: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4359: 4352: 4350: 4343: 4336: 4329: 4323: 4322: 4315: 4308: 4301: 4294: 4287: 4280: 4274: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4193: 4184: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4130: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4103: 4101: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4081: 4079: 4072: 4063: 4056: 4049: 4042: 4035: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4010: 4003: 4001: 3992: 3983: 3981: 3974: 3967: 3965: 3958: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3933: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3913: 3906: 3904: 3897: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3789:Main article: 3786: 3783: 3718: 3715: 3692: 3689: 3664: 3661: 3641: 3638: 3613: 3610: 3568: 3565: 3545:OpenOffice.org 3521: 3518: 3504: 3501: 3235:Main article: 3232: 3229: 3073:Local councils 3038: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3019: 2956: 2953: 2944: 2943: 2935: 2927: 2919: 2915: 2914: 2906: 2898: 2890: 2886: 2885: 2877: 2869: 2861: 2857: 2856: 2848: 2840: 2832: 2828: 2827: 2819: 2811: 2803: 2799: 2798: 2790: 2782: 2774: 2770: 2769: 2761: 2753: 2745: 2741: 2740: 2732: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2703: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2674: 2666: 2658: 2654: 2653: 2645: 2637: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2616: 2608: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2558: 2555: 2529: 2526: 2509: 2506: 2497: 2494: 2486:first language 2477: 2474: 2465: 2462: 2453: 2450: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2293:code-switching 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2192:William Morgan 2159: 2158: 2117: 2115: 2108: 2102: 2099: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2077: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2034: 2032: 2009:Middle Welsh ( 2003:Main article: 2000: 1997: 1930:Main article: 1927: 1924: 1919: 1916: 1889:'poet' became 1817:Firth of Forth 1801:Insular Celtic 1797:Celtic Britons 1774: 1771: 1675:Proto-Germanic 1670:wealh, wielisc 1618:Main article: 1615: 1612: 1462: 1461: 1459: 1458: 1451: 1444: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1393:Welsh heraldry 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1235: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1217:Welsh bagpipes 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1148: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1090: 1084: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1050:William Morgan 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 996: 990: 989: 988: 985: 984: 981: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 924: 918: 917: 916: 913: 912: 909: 908: 906:Food festivals 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 837: 831: 830: 829: 826: 825: 822: 821: 816: 811: 805: 795: 794: 793: 790: 789: 786: 785: 779: 774: 768: 763: 757: 753: 752: 751: 748: 747: 744: 743: 738: 733: 727: 725:Welsh surnames 722: 717: 712: 702: 696: 695: 694: 691: 690: 684: 683: 678: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 591: 590: 589: 583: 582: 581: 578: 577: 569: 568: 560: 559: 547: 546: 533:, you may see 519: 518: 508: 507: 499: 498: 488: 480: 479: 472: 466: 465: 460: 454: 453: 446: 438: 437: 430: 422: 421: 394: 386: 385: 376: 368: 367: 366:Language codes 363: 362: 360: 359: 353: 352:(2012–present) 346: 344: 338: 337: 327: 325: 320: 317: 316: 313:United Kingdom 306: 303: 300: 299: 295: 294: 292: 291: 286: 283:Welsh alphabet 275: 273: 269:Writing system 266: 263: 262: 261: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 228: 224: 223: 221: 220: 219: 218: 204: 202: 199: 196: 195: 193: 192: 191: 190: 189: 188: 187: 186: 185: 184: 167:Insular Celtic 155: 153: 146: 143: 142: 141: 140: 134: 124: 118: 112: 94: 90: 89: 84: 80: 79: 60:United Kingdom 57: 53: 52: 45: 41: 40: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12865: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12810: 12808: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12785: 12784: 12782: 12778: 12772: 12769: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12757: 12754: 12752: 12749: 12747: 12746:Faroe Islands 12744: 12742: 12739: 12738: 12736: 12730: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12718:South Ossetia 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12700: 12698: 12692: 12686: 12683: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12660: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12546: 12544: 12543:Liechtenstein 12541: 12539: 12536: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12413: 12411: 12407: 12403: 12396: 12391: 12389: 12384: 12382: 12377: 12376: 12373: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12336: 12330: 12329: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12309: 12307: 12303: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12291:Scottish Cant 12289: 12287: 12286: 12282: 12280: 12279: 12275: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12267: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12252: 12250: 12246: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12228: 12225: 12224: 12223: 12220: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12200: 12196: 12195: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12175: 12173: 12169: 12165: 12161: 12157: 12153: 12146: 12141: 12139: 12134: 12132: 12127: 12126: 12123: 12111: 12110:Welsh Braille 12108: 12106: 12103: 12100: 12097: 12096: 12094: 12090: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12078:Gower dialect 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12060: 12058: 12056: 12052: 12046: 12043: 12039: 12036: 12033: 12030: 12027: 12024: 12021: 12018: 12017: 12015: 12013: 12009: 12005: 11998: 11993: 11991: 11986: 11984: 11979: 11978: 11975: 11965: 11964: 11951: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11924: 11923:national flag 11921: 11920: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11910: 11908: 11906: 11902: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11875: 11873: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11835: 11833: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11810: 11809: 11806: 11805: 11803: 11801: 11797: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11767: 11765: 11763: 11759: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11742: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11704: 11701: 11700: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11671: 11667: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11655:Welsh English 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11642: 11640: 11638: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11625: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11579:Gorsedd Cymru 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11556: 11554: 11552: 11548: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11535: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11476: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11464: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11444:Police forces 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11426: 11424: 11422: 11418: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11391:Republicanism 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11356: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11331: 11329: 11327: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11305: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11269: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11227: 11226: 11223: 11222: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11210: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11120: 11118: 11116: 11112: 11106: 11103: 11102: 11099: 11094: 11087: 11082: 11080: 11075: 11073: 11068: 11067: 11064: 11054: 11050: 11045: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11028: 11025: 11022: 11019: 11016: 11013: 11010: 11007: 11006: 11004: 11000: 10993: 10992:Y Fro Gymraeg 10990: 10987: 10986:Gàidhealtachd 10984: 10981: 10978: 10975: 10972: 10969: 10966: 10963: 10960: 10959: 10957: 10953: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10934: 10930: 10923: 10919: 10918: 10914: 10911: 10907: 10906: 10902: 10899: 10895: 10894: 10890: 10887: 10886: 10882: 10879: 10875: 10874: 10870: 10867: 10866: 10862: 10861: 10859: 10855: 10843: 10842: 10838: 10837: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10824: 10823: 10818: 10817: 10813: 10811: 10810: 10806: 10804: 10803: 10799: 10797: 10796: 10792: 10791: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10784: 10780: 10779: 10777: 10775: 10771: 10761: 10760: 10756: 10755: 10753: 10749: 10741: 10740: 10736: 10734: 10733: 10729: 10728: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10721: 10717: 10716: 10714: 10712: 10708: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10693: 10691: 10689: 10685: 10679: 10678: 10674: 10673: 10671: 10669:Reconstructed 10667: 10664: 10660: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10647: 10641: 10640: 10636: 10634: 10633: 10629: 10625: 10624: 10620: 10618: 10617: 10613: 10612: 10611: 10610: 10606: 10602: 10601: 10597: 10596: 10595: 10594: 10590: 10588: 10587: 10583: 10582: 10580: 10578: 10577: 10572: 10566: 10565: 10561: 10560: 10558: 10556:Reconstructed 10554: 10550: 10543: 10538: 10536: 10531: 10529: 10524: 10523: 10520: 10508: 10498: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10485: 10482: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10447: 10445: 10441: 10435: 10434: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10369: 10367: 10363: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10342: 10340: 10336: 10330: 10327: 10323: 10320: 10316: 10313: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10304: 10301: 10298: 10295: 10294: 10292: 10288: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10228: 10226: 10224:and festivals 10223: 10219: 10213: 10212: 10208: 10206: 10205: 10201: 10199: 10198: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10186: 10182: 10180: 10179: 10175: 10173: 10172:Capital Cymru 10170: 10166: 10163: 10162: 10161: 10158: 10154: 10151: 10150: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10140: 10138: 10136: 10132: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10104: 10100: 10098: 10097:Landsker Line 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10087: 10086:Y Fro Gymraeg 10083: 10081: 10078: 10077: 10075: 10071: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10024: 10023: 10020: 10016: 10015: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 10000: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9990: 9988: 9986: 9982: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9957: 9954: 9953: 9952: 9951:outside Wales 9949: 9948: 9947: 9944: 9940: 9939: 9935: 9933: 9932: 9928: 9927: 9926:Dictionaries 9925: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9910:Welsh Braille 9908: 9907: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9875: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9862: 9860: 9856: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9821: 9819: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9802: 9797: 9795: 9790: 9788: 9783: 9782: 9779: 9771:from Wikidata 9770: 9769: 9757: 9753: 9752: 9751:Welsh edition 9740: 9736: 9735: 9723: 9719: 9718: 9706: 9702: 9701: 9689: 9685: 9684: 9672: 9668: 9667: 9655: 9651: 9650: 9638: 9634: 9633: 9621: 9620: 9617: 9611: 9603: 9599: 9596: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9587:, August 2010 9586: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9559: 9548: 9544: 9540: 9535: 9534: 9524: 9520: 9517: 9513: 9512: 9500: 9496: 9490: 9475: 9471: 9465: 9457: 9451: 9447: 9443: 9439: 9432: 9424: 9418: 9414: 9410: 9406: 9399: 9391: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9366: 9358: 9352: 9349:. p. 3. 9348: 9344: 9340: 9339: 9331: 9323: 9317: 9313: 9309: 9302: 9286: 9280: 9272: 9268: 9264: 9257: 9249: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9228: 9212: 9206: 9190: 9186: 9180: 9172: 9166: 9162: 9161: 9153: 9146: 9145:0-415-09269-8 9142: 9138: 9132: 9117: 9116: 9111: 9105: 9086: 9082: 9075: 9069: 9062: 9056: 9048: 9046:9780708307694 9042: 9038: 9032: 9024: 9023: 9018: 9012: 8997: 8993: 8987: 8972: 8968: 8962: 8955: 8950: 8934: 8933: 8928: 8922: 8907: 8906: 8901: 8894: 8886: 8885: 8880: 8873: 8865: 8864: 8859: 8852: 8836: 8835: 8830: 8824: 8808: 8807: 8802: 8796: 8788: 8787: 8782: 8775: 8759: 8753: 8737: 8733: 8727: 8711: 8707: 8701: 8685: 8681: 8675: 8668: 8663: 8647: 8641: 8635: 8631: 8628: 8624: 8618: 8612: 8608: 8605: 8601: 8595: 8580: 8574: 8568: 8562: 8553: 8545: 8541: 8537: 8531: 8524: 8511: 8507: 8506: 8501: 8495: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8473: 8465: 8461: 8455: 8448: 8436: 8432: 8431: 8426: 8420: 8413: 8395: 8394: 8389: 8383: 8375: 8369: 8365: 8364: 8359: 8352: 8344: 8340: 8336: 8330: 8326: 8325:Penguin Books 8322: 8318: 8317: 8309: 8302: 8299: 8283: 8282: 8277: 8271: 8256: 8252: 8245: 8237: 8233: 8227: 8219: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8204: 8196: 8190:(Real Media). 8189: 8184: 8177: 8172: 8156: 8152: 8146: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8116: 8100: 8096: 8090: 8074: 8073: 8068: 8062: 8046: 8042: 8036: 8021: 8017: 8011: 8004: 7992: 7991: 7986: 7980: 7973: 7961: 7957: 7953: 7952: 7947: 7941: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7919: 7917: 7909: 7896: 7895: 7890: 7884: 7869: 7868: 7860: 7854: 7838: 7834: 7833: 7828: 7822: 7806: 7805: 7800: 7794: 7779: 7775: 7774:"2021 Census" 7769: 7761: 7760:www.gov.wales 7754: 7748: 7740: 7739:www.gov.wales 7733: 7727: 7719: 7715: 7709: 7694: 7690: 7684: 7673: 7669: 7662: 7656: 7641: 7637: 7631: 7616: 7612: 7606: 7590: 7586: 7580: 7565: 7561: 7554: 7539: 7535: 7529: 7514:on 2 May 2020 7513: 7509: 7505: 7499: 7484: 7480: 7473: 7454: 7450: 7443: 7437: 7422: 7418: 7412: 7396: 7395:"Data Viewer" 7390: 7371: 7365: 7357: 7350: 7344: 7336: 7330: 7328: 7308: 7301: 7295: 7280: 7278: 7270: 7262: 7258: 7249: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7228: 7220: 7216: 7212: 7205: 7196: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7166: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7146: 7139: 7132: 7130:9781853590313 7126: 7122: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7105: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7084: 7069: 7065: 7059: 7044: 7040: 7034: 7019: 7015: 7009: 6993: 6992: 6987: 6981: 6966: 6962: 6956: 6937: 6930: 6924: 6908: 6907: 6902: 6896: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6868: 6852: 6851:www.gov.wales 6848: 6842: 6840: 6824: 6820: 6819:Wales History 6816: 6810: 6802: 6798: 6791: 6776: 6772: 6766: 6750: 6746: 6740: 6725: 6721: 6714: 6698: 6692: 6676: 6670: 6654: 6650: 6644: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6626:9780141024127 6622: 6618: 6614: 6613: 6608: 6602: 6593: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6564: 6559: 6552: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6517: 6509: 6507: 6497: 6481: 6477: 6471: 6464: 6453: 6449: 6443: 6436: 6435:0-14-014581-8 6432: 6428: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6401: 6394: 6393: 6385: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6367:9781851094400 6363: 6359: 6355: 6354:Santa Barbara 6350: 6349: 6343: 6342:Koch, John T. 6337: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6282: 6266: 6262: 6255: 6239: 6233: 6217: 6216:www.gov.wales 6213: 6207: 6205: 6188: 6187:www.gov.wales 6184: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6140: 6129: 6125: 6124: 6118: 6112: 6105: 6094: 6090: 6089: 6084: 6078: 6070: 6066: 6059: 6051: 6047: 6046: 6038: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6013: 6005: 5998: 5992: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5958: 5943:. p. 183 5942: 5938: 5932: 5916: 5912: 5906: 5891: 5887: 5881: 5874: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5844: 5837: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5812: 5805: 5797: 5790: 5787:Hywel Jones. 5783: 5779: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5728: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5642: 5602: 5591: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5552: 5549: 5543: 5538: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5456: 5449: 5445: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5406: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5387: 5378: 5373: 5370: 5365: 5364: 5360: 5357: 5356: 5351: 5344: 5340: 5333: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5288: 5283: 5273: 5270: 5264: 5262: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5238: 5237:Chubut Valley 5234: 5230: 5224: 5218: 5211: 5207: 5202: 5201: 5196: 5193: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5179: 5174: 5173: 5168: 5165: 5160: 5159: 5154: 5153: 5152: 5149: 5143: 5132: 5129: 5128:[sɨt] 5120: 5119:[ʃʊd] 5111: 5106: 5101: 5092: 5083: 5077: 5071: 5065: 5060: 5056: 5054: 5049: 5037: 5035: 5031: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4996: 4990: 4985: 4984:soft mutation 4980: 4974: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4952: 4949: 4943: 4939:: 30), 40 is 4937: 4936:deg ar hugain 4931: 4925: 4924:un ar bymtheg 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4899: 4894: 4888: 4878: 4875: 4870: 4869:Welsh grammar 4860: 4857: 4849: 4844: 4843: 4836: 4831: 4830: 4816: 4813: 4808: 4805:" is ('am I 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4734: 4732: 4728: 4725:forms of the 4724: 4720: 4715: 4709: 4703: 4694: 4691: 4687: 4686: 4685: 4682: 4677: 4673: 4668: 4662: 4660: 4654: 4644: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4588: 4584: 4574: 4571: 4567:('place') vs 4565: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4542: 4537: 4527: 4518: 4512: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4484: 4480:('joke') and 4478: 4472: 4463: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4440: 4436:comes before 4434: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4401: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4382: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4357: 4353: 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Lingen 3279: 3277: 3276: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3259:Rebecca Riots 3256: 3252: 3243: 3238: 3228: 3225: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3199: 3193: 3188: 3187: 3180: 3176: 3170: 3154: 3150: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3132: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3113: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3093: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3043: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3008: 3005: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2975: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2952: 2949: 2936: 2928: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2907: 2899: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2878: 2870: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2849: 2841: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2820: 2812: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2791: 2783: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2762: 2754: 2746: 2743: 2742: 2733: 2725: 2717: 2714: 2713: 2704: 2696: 2688: 2685: 2684: 2675: 2667: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2646: 2638: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2617: 2609: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2567: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2536: 2532: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2518:United States 2515: 2508:United States 2505: 2503: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2461: 2459: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2435: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2350:Outside Wales 2347: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2324:Pembrokeshire 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2303: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2274: 2271:(APS) by the 2270: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2221: 2215: 2200: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2184:New Testament 2181: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2155: 2152: 2144: 2141:December 2017 2134: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2118:This section 2116: 2112: 2107: 2106: 2085: 2074: 2069: 2062: 2057: 2050: 2045: 2038: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2028: 2026: 2021: 2020: 2013: 2012:Cymraeg Canol 2006: 1996: 1993: 1992:Canu Taliesin 1988: 1987: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1933: 1923: 1915: 1912: 1906: 1900: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1859: 1858: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1839: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1822: 1819:. During the 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1785: 1780: 1770: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1695: 1689: 1688:Celtic people 1684: 1683: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1621: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1600: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1586: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1559: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1542: 1536: 1533:, by some in 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1502: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1445: 1443: 1438: 1437: 1435: 1434: 1429: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1350: 1349: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1330: 1329: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1258: 1257: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1232: 1226: 1225: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1138: 1137: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1087: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 997: 993: 987: 986: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 925: 921: 915: 914: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 891:Welsh rarebit 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 866:Gower cuisine 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 838: 834: 828: 827: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 806: 802: 798: 792: 791: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 758: 750: 749: 742: 739: 737: 736:Welsh English 734: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 710:Y Fro Gymraeg 707: 704: 703: 699: 693: 692: 689: 686: 685: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 592: 586: 580: 579: 575: 571: 570: 566: 562: 561: 557: 553: 552: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 526: 520: 513: 505: 500: 495: 491: 486: 481: 477: 473: 471: 467: 464: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 445: 444: 439: 435: 431: 428: 423: 418: 413: 405: 400: 395: 392: 387: 382: 377: 374: 369: 364: 357: 354: 351: 348: 347: 345: 343: 339: 334: 330: 326: 318: 314: 310: 307: 301: 296: 290: 289:Welsh Braille 287: 284: 280: 277: 276: 274: 270: 264: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 230: 229: 225: 217: 214: 213: 212: 209: 208: 207: 203: 197: 183: 180: 179: 178: 175: 174: 173: 170: 169: 168: 165: 164: 163: 160: 159: 158: 157:Indo-European 154: 150: 144: 138: 135: 132: 129:: <3,885 ( 128: 125: 123:: 1,500–5,000 122: 119: 116: 113: 110: 106: 100: 97: 96: 95: 91: 88: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 58: 54: 50: 46: 44:Pronunciation 42: 38: 32: 27: 22: 19: 12723:Transnistria 12685:Vatican City 12326: 12283: 12276: 12264: 12238: 12227:Ulster Scots 12197: 12099:Welsh Romani 12045:Cofi dialect 12011: 11954: 11940:Welsh Dragon 11808:Christianity 11649: 11628:Demographics 11586: / 11411:Wales Office 11376:Local rulers 11225:Biodiversity 11128:Bibliography 11048: 10920:? (possibly 10915: 10908:? (possibly 10903: 10896:? (possibly 10891: 10883: 10871: 10863: 10839: 10820: 10814: 10809:Middle Irish 10807: 10800: 10793: 10781: 10757: 10739:Middle Welsh 10737: 10730: 10725: 10718: 10675: 10637: 10630: 10621: 10614: 10607: 10598: 10591: 10584: 10574: 10564:Proto-Celtic 10562: 10431: 10412:Mudiad Adfer 10407:Menter Iaith 10209: 10202: 10195: 10183: 10176: 10111:(historical) 10101: 10084: 10073:Demographics 10012: 10008:Welsh Triads 9936: 9929: 9839:Modern Welsh 9834:Middle Welsh 9807: 9766: 9754:of Knowledge 9749: 9732: 9715: 9698: 9681: 9664: 9652:from Commons 9647: 9630: 9609: 9584: 9538: 9522: 9515: 9489: 9477:. Retrieved 9473: 9464: 9437: 9431: 9404: 9398: 9371: 9365: 9337: 9330: 9307: 9301: 9289:. Retrieved 9279: 9262: 9256: 9237: 9233: 9227: 9215:. Retrieved 9205: 9193:. Retrieved 9188: 9179: 9159: 9152: 9136: 9131: 9119:. Retrieved 9113: 9104: 9092:. Retrieved 9085:the original 9080: 9068: 9060: 9055: 9036: 9031: 9020: 9011: 8999:. 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Retrieved 8010: 8002: 7997:10 September 7995:. Retrieved 7988: 7979: 7971: 7966:10 September 7964:. Retrieved 7951:Wales Online 7949: 7940: 7932:the original 7906: 7901:10 September 7899:. Retrieved 7892: 7883: 7873:12 September 7871:. Retrieved 7865: 7853: 7843:10 September 7841:. Retrieved 7837:the original 7830: 7821: 7811:10 September 7809:. Retrieved 7802: 7793: 7781:. Retrieved 7777: 7768: 7759: 7747: 7738: 7732:"Population" 7726: 7717: 7708: 7696:. Retrieved 7692: 7683: 7672:the original 7667: 7655: 7643:. Retrieved 7630: 7618:. Retrieved 7614: 7605: 7593:. Retrieved 7589:Nation.Cymru 7588: 7579: 7567:. Retrieved 7563: 7553: 7541:. Retrieved 7537: 7528: 7516:. Retrieved 7512:the original 7507: 7498: 7486:. Retrieved 7482: 7472: 7460:. Retrieved 7453:the original 7448: 7436: 7424:. Retrieved 7420: 7411: 7399:. Retrieved 7389: 7377:. Retrieved 7364: 7355: 7343: 7314:. Retrieved 7307:the original 7294: 7282:. Retrieved 7276: 7269: 7260: 7230: 7226: 7218: 7214: 7204: 7195: 7183:. Retrieved 7179:the original 7165: 7148: 7144: 7138: 7115: 7104: 7096: 7083: 7071:. Retrieved 7067: 7058: 7046:. Retrieved 7033: 7023:16 September 7021:. Retrieved 7008: 6996:. Retrieved 6989: 6980: 6968:. Retrieved 6955: 6943:. Retrieved 6936:the original 6923: 6911:. Retrieved 6904: 6895: 6883:. Retrieved 6879:The Guardian 6877: 6867: 6855:. Retrieved 6850: 6826:. Retrieved 6818: 6809: 6800: 6790: 6778:. Retrieved 6774: 6765: 6753:. Retrieved 6739: 6729:10 September 6727:. Retrieved 6723: 6713: 6701:. Retrieved 6691: 6679:. Retrieved 6669: 6657:. Retrieved 6652: 6643: 6611: 6601: 6592: 6567: 6561: 6557: 6551: 6515: 6496: 6484:. Retrieved 6479: 6470: 6462: 6455:. Retrieved 6451: 6442: 6424: 6421:Davies, John 6416: 6404:. Retrieved 6391: 6384: 6347: 6294: 6281: 6269:. Retrieved 6264: 6254: 6242:. Retrieved 6232: 6220:. Retrieved 6215: 6191:. Retrieved 6186: 6160:. Retrieved 6155: 6146: 6138: 6131:. Retrieved 6120: 6111: 6103: 6096:. Retrieved 6086: 6077: 6064: 6058: 6044: 6037: 6027:10 September 6025:. Retrieved 6023:. p. 47 6011: 6004: 5995:E.g. in the 5991: 5981:16 September 5979:. Retrieved 5975:the original 5970: 5963:Edwards, Huw 5957: 5945:. Retrieved 5940: 5931: 5919:. Retrieved 5914: 5905: 5893:. Retrieved 5889: 5880: 5872: 5865:. Retrieved 5861:the original 5852: 5843: 5835: 5828:. Retrieved 5816:Wales Online 5814: 5804: 5795: 5782: 5767:Middle-earth 5672: 5601:Wales portal 5577: 5570: 5558: 5555:Example text 5536: 5529: 5512: 5384: 5327:periphrastic 5279: 5265: 5260: 5253: 5244:Cofi dialect 5241: 5214: 5138: 5059: 5057: 5043: 5004:), 'three' ( 4975: 4953: 4918: 4908: 4898:soixante-dix 4890: 4876: 4872: 4847: 4841: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4778: 4770: 4735: 4723:periphrastic 4698: 4663: 4656: 4653:Welsh syntax 4609:prepositions 4590: 4538: 4528:explained: " 4499: 4495: 4491: 4486:('garage'). 4464: 4449: 4413: 4399: 4208: 3794: 3720: 3697:55 languages 3694: 3678: 3666: 3654: 3643: 3626:World War II 3615: 3594: 3571:In 2006 the 3570: 3563:since 2009. 3529: 3511:status, the 3506: 3467: 3461:Athrawon Bro 3444: 3399: 3360:O.M. 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539:Unicode 415: ( 402: ( 248:Dyfedeg 243:Powyseg 139:: 1,737 115:England 68:England 31:Cymraeg 12766:Jersey 12708:Kosovo 12648:Turkey 12638:Sweden 12618:Serbia 12608:Russia 12593:Poland 12588:Norway 12568:Monaco 12538:Latvia 12506:Greece 12491:France 12466:Cyprus 12296:Shelta 12193:Norman 11913:Anthem 11780:Boards 11762:Health 11683:Actors 11670:People 11613:Sports 11434:Courts 11401:Senedd 11369:Mayors 11364:Cities 11284:Rivers 11029:(Manx) 10946:Shelta 10898:Italic 10696:Breton 10365:Groups 10256:Tafwyl 10191:Maes-e 10064:Poetry 10059:Novels 10044:Comics 9890:Syntax 9565:and ** 9479:14 May 9452:  9419:  9386:  9353:  9318:  9244:  9167:  9147:p. 114 9143:  9043:  9001:10 May 8976:10 May 8911:23 May 8764:23 May 8742:23 May 8690:23 May 8370:  8341:  8331:  8321:London 8214:  8161:23 May 7783:8 July 7698:8 July 7379:6 June 7284:23 May 7127:  6945:5 June 6755:1 June 6703:1 June 6681:1 June 6633:  6623:  6582:  6541:  6531:  6433:  6374:  6364:  6315:  6305:  6271:25 May 6244:1 June 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Index

[kəmˈraːiɡ]
United Kingdom
Wales
England
Argentina
Chubut Province
Welsh
Wales
L1
L2
England
Argentina
Canada
L1
Australia
Language family
Indo-European
Celtic
Insular Celtic
Brittonic
Western Brittonic
Common Brittonic
Old Welsh
Middle Welsh
Cofi
Gwyndodeg
Powyseg
Dyfedeg
Gwenhwyseg
Patagonian Welsh

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