363:
5286:
5297:
2695:
2682:
944:
2672:
1633:
states: " isn't just an inability to apprehend the truth but an active misapprehension of the status of oneself and all other objects—one's own mind or body, other people, and so forth. It is the conception or assumption that phenomena exist in a far more concrete way than they actually do. Based on
1188:
While Avidyā found in
Buddhism and other Indian philosophies is often translated as "ignorance", states Alex Wayman, this is a mistranslation because it means more than ignorance. He suggests the term "unwisdom" to be a better rendition. The term includes not only ignorance out of darkness, but also
1490:
about conditions that sustain the wheel of birth and death. One such condition is the karmic formations that arise from ignorance. In other words, states Bodhi, ignorance (avijja) obscures "perception of the true nature of things just as a cataract obscures perception of visible objects". In the
239:
1161:
Avidya is explained in different ways or on different levels within different
Buddhist teachings or traditions. On the most fundamental level, it is ignorance or misunderstanding of the nature of reality; more specifically about the nature of not-Self and dependent origination doctrines.
1514:
Avidya is the greatest impurity and the primary cause of suffering, rebirth. The insight into
Emptiness, state Garfield and Edelglass, that is the "lack of inherent nature of all phenomena, including the self, cuts the impurities", an insight into Emptiness yields full awakening.
1240:
in the context of the twelve links, that " is the opposite of the understanding that the person or other phenomena lack intrinsic existence. Those who are affected by this ignorance create actions which precipitate them into further worldly existence." Not understanding the
1491:
Suttanta literature, this ignorance refers to the non-knowledge of the Four Noble Truths. In the
Abhidharma literature, in addition to the Four Noble Truths, it is the non-knowledge of one's 'past pre-natal lives' and 'post-mortem future lives' and of dependent arising.
1645:
Sonam
Rinchen states: "Every action leaves its imprint on the mind, and later craving and grasping activate the imprint to bring about its result. Underlying this kind of action is our ignorance, namely our innate misconception of the self, the root of all our
1855:
1511:). However, compared to other Buddhist traditions, states Jens Braarvig, Avidyā is not so much emphasised, instead the emphasis on "construing an illusory reality" based on conceptualisation when the ultimate reality is Emptiness.
1166:
is not lack of information, states Peter Harvey, but a "more deep seated misperception of reality". Gethin calls Avidya as 'positive misconception', not mere absence of knowledge. It is a key concept in
Buddhism, wherein
1189:
obscuration, misconceptions, mistaking illusion to be reality or impermanent to be permanent or suffering to be bliss or non-self to be self (delusions). Incorrect knowledge is another form of Avidya, states Wayman.
1864:, pp. 66–67, Quote: From this perspective Not-Self and dependent origination together come to form the two pillars of the final gnosis (vidya) which is the antidote to ignorance (avidya)..
1536:
Avidyā is identified as the first of the twelve links of dependent origination (twelve nidanas)—a sequence of links that describe why a being reincarnates and remains bound within the
1505:
The
Mahayana tradition considers ignorance about the nature of reality and immemorial past lives to be a primordial force, which can only be broken through the insight of Emptiness (
1627:
Avidya can be defined on different levels; for example, it can be defined as a mis-perception of the nature of reality, or as not understanding the four noble truths. For example:
1017:) in Buddhist literature is commonly translated as "ignorance". The concept refers to ignorance or misconceptions about the nature of metaphysical reality, in particular about the
1529:
The
Vajrayana tradition considers ignorance as fetters of bondage into samsara, and its teachings have focused on a Tantric path under the guidance of a teacher, to remove
1500:
2519:"Karma and Rebirth: The Twelve Nidanas, by Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche." Karma and the Twelve Nidanas, A Sourcebook for the Shambhala School of Buddhist Studies.
3436:
1257:(Anatman) doctrine, that is ignorance or misconceptions about "Self", when in reality there is only non-Self according to Buddhism. The second relates to
4351:
2826:
4355:
1081:
Within the context of the twelve links of dependent origination, avidya is typically symbolised by a person who is blind or wearing a blindfold.
1134:
refers to "ignorance, spiritual ignorance, illusion"; in early
Buddhist texts, states Monier-Williams, it means "ignorance with non-existence".
4579:
425:
1253:
Avidya appears as a major item of discussion in two doctrines about the nature of reality, in various
Buddhist traditions. One relates to the
2796:
2904:
303:
2639:
2661:
1540:, a cycle of repeated births and deaths in six realms of existence. The twelve nidanas are an application of the Buddhist concept of
5327:
2561:
1060:
5171:
4623:
4826:
2806:
2589:
2471:
2450:
2430:
2392:
2372:
2324:
2297:
2255:
2228:
2201:
2020:
1774:
1720:
1033:(suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness), and asserted as the first link, in Buddhist phenomenology, of a process that leads to
267:
2989:
2831:
5337:
5166:
5063:
4613:
2708:
974:
420:
377:
2909:
2352:
2162:
2111:
2047:
5156:
4841:
4586:
5233:
5223:
3052:
2489:
1966:
1232:
In other contexts, Avidya includes not knowing or not understanding the nature of phenomena as impermanent, the
5178:
4831:
4633:
4524:
4469:
3042:
2544:
218:
1261:
doctrine, that is ignorance or misconceptions about "permanence", when the nature of reality is impermanence.
5148:
4846:
4529:
2821:
2654:
2058:
Suffering describes the condition of samsaric (this worldly) existence that arises from actions generated by
903:
598:
4731:
4603:
4574:
4276:
1552:
II.55–63, asserts that rebirth, re-aging and re-death ultimately arise through a series of twelve links or
1138:
848:
623:
583:
4422:
4331:
3801:
3446:
2959:
2854:
3966:
1040:
Avidyā is mentioned within the Buddhist teachings as ignorance or misunderstanding in various contexts:
5271:
4751:
4227:
3713:
2836:
2669:
5332:
4161:
1712:
Buddhist Phenomenology: A Philosophical Investigation of Yogacara Buddhism and the Ch'eng Wei-shih Lun
5161:
4974:
4964:
4836:
3819:
3399:
3160:
3135:
2594:
1592:
723:
3185:
533:
186:
5266:
4618:
4432:
4410:
4403:
4306:
3839:
3459:
3275:
3220:
2841:
2647:
1603:
728:
678:
102:
2039:
Transitions and Transformations in the History of Religions: Essays in Honor of Joseph M. Kitagawa
1486:
Bhikkhu Bodhi states that Avidya is an important part of the Theravada Abhidharma teachings about
5203:
5183:
4514:
4494:
4251:
3981:
3225:
888:
5213:
5053:
4721:
4691:
4464:
4415:
4256:
4204:
4199:
3961:
3782:
3679:
3431:
3426:
3175:
1634:
this misapprehension of the status of persons and things, we are drawn into afflictive desire (
1541:
1487:
967:
703:
688:
668:
593:
588:
503:
410:
3543:
5218:
5188:
4769:
4701:
4534:
4449:
4444:
4368:
4363:
4281:
2811:
2314:
908:
898:
853:
262:
190:
3834:
5241:
5208:
5193:
4711:
4608:
4554:
4439:
4378:
4346:
4341:
4326:
4311:
4301:
4266:
4179:
3871:
3794:
3097:
3037:
2786:
2753:
2703:
918:
878:
873:
838:
683:
563:
471:
456:
400:
372:
334:
5081:
3696:
3565:
3491:
3367:
2062:
of anatta and anicca. The doctrines of no-self and impermanence are thus the keystones of
8:
5048:
4927:
4761:
4736:
4726:
4686:
4663:
4546:
4519:
4479:
4398:
4388:
4316:
4243:
3674:
3531:
3312:
3290:
3242:
3062:
2862:
2718:
2698:
2035:
928:
883:
821:
761:
698:
643:
638:
393:
382:
320:
142:
3022:
2949:
5322:
5111:
5016:
4858:
4821:
4816:
4746:
4696:
4643:
4638:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4489:
4474:
4459:
4454:
4393:
4373:
4336:
4261:
4066:
3767:
3691:
3569:
3511:
3352:
3252:
3180:
3155:
2801:
2731:
1932:
1582:
1034:
913:
893:
833:
828:
716:
618:
611:
538:
528:
435:
4910:
1451:
5289:
5251:
4947:
4932:
4895:
4880:
4653:
4569:
4484:
4321:
4286:
4271:
3998:
3988:
3669:
3516:
3501:
3372:
3295:
3215:
3150:
3082:
2969:
2726:
2585:
2485:
2467:
2446:
2426:
2388:
2368:
2348:
2320:
2293:
2251:
2224:
2197:
2158:
2107:
2043:
2016:
1962:
1770:
1716:
1577:
1242:
1233:
1067:
1044:
960:
858:
843:
648:
523:
466:
430:
415:
346:
158:
22:
4233:
3027:
2927:
1524:
1467:
4937:
4890:
4885:
4741:
4706:
4681:
4676:
4427:
4383:
4296:
3971:
3627:
3620:
3404:
3394:
3280:
2944:
2816:
2534:
1924:
923:
868:
798:
788:
653:
278:
248:
232:
116:
90:
4016:
5301:
5246:
5198:
5126:
4996:
4794:
4774:
4716:
4628:
4291:
4189:
4036:
3772:
3755:
3740:
3718:
3270:
3140:
2974:
2954:
2514:
2461:
2440:
2420:
2382:
2362:
2287:
2245:
2218:
2191:
2177:
2152:
2101:
2037:
2010:
1828:
1811:
1764:
1710:
1635:
1630:
1587:
1545:
1074:
948:
863:
663:
573:
518:
204:
4046:
3200:
3190:
1307:
513:
5256:
4959:
4809:
4591:
4171:
4151:
4071:
3760:
3750:
3684:
3521:
3007:
2870:
2577:
1608:
1279:
1236:, other Buddhist doctrines, or the path to end suffering. Sonam Rinchen states
808:
738:
693:
551:
174:
1961:
Johannes Bronkhorst (2009), Buddhist Teaching in India, Simon & Schuster,
1501:
Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika_distinction § Ignorance_-_The_Object_to_be_Negated
1171:
about the nature of reality, rather than sin, is considered the basic root of
5316:
5026:
4875:
4184:
4086:
3944:
3745:
3723:
3659:
3330:
3125:
3120:
3012:
2681:
2497:
1053:
997:
633:
628:
568:
292:
76:
3484:
3474:
2846:
773:
578:
5116:
5101:
5071:
5021:
5011:
4853:
4648:
4141:
3976:
3854:
3642:
3637:
3464:
3335:
3210:
2671:
2422:
The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvana in Early Buddhism
1549:
1419:
1323:
673:
558:
476:
362:
3899:
3884:
3844:
3541:
3205:
2781:
2628:
2607:
2568:
2562:
1597:
1403:
5086:
4915:
4056:
4041:
3824:
3632:
3560:
3340:
3170:
3072:
2919:
2791:
1690:
743:
5076:
3536:
5031:
4989:
4865:
4671:
4596:
4210:
4194:
4156:
4136:
4031:
4006:
3914:
3849:
3829:
3575:
3506:
3377:
3260:
3230:
3165:
3115:
2773:
2763:
2736:
2606:
2524:
1936:
1744:
748:
508:
405:
56:
4051:
3047:
2036:
Joseph Mitsuo Kitagawa; Frank E. Reynolds; Theodore M. Ludwig (1980).
1972:
1355:
1145:-, meaning "to see" or "to know". It is a cognate with the Latin verb
222:
5006:
4979:
4146:
4021:
3733:
3649:
3526:
3416:
3389:
3382:
3345:
3302:
3265:
3032:
2997:
2964:
2939:
2894:
2502:
Turning the Wheel of Truth: Commentary on the Buddha's First Teaching
2154:
The Continuity of Madhyamaka and Yogācāra in Indian Mahāyāna Buddhism
2103:
The Continuity of Madhyamaka and Yogācāra in Indian Mahāyāna Buddhism
793:
768:
4779:
3615:
3469:
3235:
3017:
2886:
2878:
1928:
1387:
1371:
18:
Ignorance or misconceptions about the nature of metaphysical reality
5296:
5136:
5091:
5036:
5001:
4905:
4564:
4131:
4126:
4076:
4011:
3929:
3894:
3889:
3550:
3421:
3409:
3320:
2979:
2676:
2627:
1339:
993:
803:
783:
778:
658:
354:
46:
4121:
4111:
4096:
3919:
3789:
3057:
2081:
1843:
Dalai Lama (1992), p. 4 (from the Introduction by Jeffrey Hopkins)
308:
5041:
4984:
4969:
4116:
4106:
4081:
3956:
3951:
3909:
3879:
3811:
3777:
3664:
3605:
3600:
3454:
3357:
3195:
3145:
2932:
2758:
2482:
Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition
1537:
1507:
1120:
483:
3728:
3496:
2539:
The Joy of Living: Unlocking the Secret and Science of Happiness
2243:
2178:
A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma: The Abhidhammattha Sangaha
5121:
5106:
4942:
4804:
4784:
4559:
4221:
4101:
4091:
4026:
3654:
3610:
3595:
3585:
3555:
3479:
3362:
3130:
3002:
2746:
2741:
1639:
1565:
1258:
1254:
1173:
1096:
1029:
1023:
1018:
943:
498:
493:
488:
451:
128:
2364:
Buddhist Thought in India: Three Phases of Buddhist Philosophy
2069:
1111:, which means "to see, to knowingly-see, to know". Therefore,
5261:
5096:
4954:
4920:
4900:
4870:
4799:
4216:
4061:
3939:
3934:
3904:
3859:
3706:
3701:
3580:
3285:
3110:
3077:
3067:
1435:
1124:
733:
5131:
3924:
3590:
3087:
2582:
Vital Lies, Simple Truths: The Psychology of Self Deception
2531:, translated and edited by Jeffrey Hopkins, Boston: Wisdom.
1049:
The first link in the twelve links of dependent origination
66:
2342:
1943:
1750:
1696:
4789:
3325:
2012:
Buddhism and Christianity: Some Bridges of Understanding
1915:
Alex Wayman (1957). "The Meaning of Unwisdom (Avidya)".
1891:
1734:
1732:
2120:
1879:
1680:
1678:
1676:
2549:
How Karma Works: The Twelve Links of Dependent Arising
2264:
1826:
1809:
1790:
1788:
1786:
260:
253:
1867:
1729:
2316:
The Buddhist Way of Life: Its Philosophy and History
2132:
1673:
2196:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 259–260, 849.
1783:
1766:
The Philosophy of Desire in the Buddhist Pali Canon
1544:(dependent origination). This theory, presented in
2281:
2279:
2150:
2099:
1661:
1600:for a complementary root of suffering in Buddhism.
1556:ultimately rooted in Avidyā, and the twelfth step
1008:
1999:Ajahn Sucitto (2010), Kindle Locations 1125-1132.
1027:doctrines about reality. It is the root cause of
5314:
2216:
1272:
325:
147:
2286:Peter Harvey (2015). Steven M. Emmanuel (ed.).
2276:
2008:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1092:is a Vedic Sanskrit word, and is a compound of
2597:Translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu
2312:
163:
51:
2655:
2479:
2347:, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,
2189:
1861:
1762:
1533:and achieve liberation in a single lifetime.
1200:Monks, but when there is the attitude 'I am',
968:
283:
237:
132:
121:
106:
95:
3437:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
2418:
2285:
1978:
1949:
1903:
1708:
1216:born of stimulation by spiritual ignorance ,
209:
21:For a similar concept in Hindu thought, see
2244:Jay L. Garfield; William Edelglass (2011).
1914:
179:
2662:
2648:
975:
961:
297:
71:
2380:
2292:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 50–60.
1897:
1805:
1803:
1248:
1119:-related terms appear extensively in the
1077:within the Theravada Abhidharma teachings
2381:Edelglass, William; et al. (2009),
2250:. Oxford University Press. p. 288.
1212:monks, the uninstructed ordinary person,
1063:within the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings
4624:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
2480:Williams, Paul; Tribe, Anthony (2000),
2459:
2384:Buddhist Philosophy: Essential Readings
2270:
2247:The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy
1816:. Oxford University Press. p. 918.
1684:
1568:(suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness).
1245:, or its implications, is also Avidya.
5315:
4827:List of Buddhist architecture in China
2409:
2400:
2220:Philosophie asiatique/Asian philosophy
2171:
2138:
2126:
2087:
2075:
1885:
1873:
1833:. Oxford University Press. p. 96.
1800:
1794:
1751:Robert Buswell & Donald Lopez 2013
1697:Robert Buswell & Donald Lopez 2013
1560:triggers the dependent origination of
1056:within the Mahayana Buddhist tradition
2643:
2438:
2360:
2343:Robert Buswell; Donald Lopez (2013),
1738:
1667:
1204:five sense-faculties of eye.... body.
2509:A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma
2157:. BRILL Academic. pp. 174–178.
2106:. BRILL Academic. pp. 138–141.
2442:Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction
13:
4614:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
2555:
2289:A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy
2042:. BRILL Academic. pp. 56–58.
1993:
1763:David Webster (31 December 2004).
1564:, recreating an unending cycle of
1210:there is the element of knowledge;
1115:means to "not see, not know". The
1107:is derived from the Sanskrit root
426:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
421:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
14:
5349:
5295:
5285:
5284:
4842:Thai temple art and architecture
4587:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
2827:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
2693:
2680:
2670:
2345:Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
1268:
1103:, meaning "not vidya". The word
942:
361:
5328:Unwholesome factors in Buddhism
2694:
2463:Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide
2306:
2237:
2210:
2183:
2144:
2093:
2029:
2015:. Routledge. pp. 186–192.
2002:
1984:
1955:
1846:
1837:
1827:Monier Monier-Williams (1872).
1820:
1810:Monier Monier-Williams (1872).
1715:. Routledge. pp. 533–534.
1621:
1206:Monks, there is the mind organ,
4832:Japanese Buddhist architecture
4634:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
3714:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
2905:Places where the Buddha stayed
2584:(1985) Bloomsbury Publishing.
2193:The Classification of Buddhism
2180:, Bhikkhu Bodhi (2003), p. 295
1756:
1702:
1202:there there is descent of the
1:
4847:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
2574:, Surendranath Dasgupta, 1940
2319:. Routledge. pp. 37–38.
1830:A Sanskrit-English Dictionary
1813:A Sanskrit-English Dictionary
1655:
1137:The word is derived from the
4604:Buddhism and the Roman world
4580:Decline of Buddhism in India
4575:History of Buddhism in India
2675: Topics in
2414:, Cambridge University Press
1990:Sonam Rinchen (2006), p. 51.
1852:Sonam Rinchen (2006), p. 14.
1518:
1264:
1084:
624:Buddhist Paths to liberation
7:
3802:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
3542:
2629:
2608:
2569:
2563:
2466:, Oxford University Press,
2445:. Oxford University Press.
2412:An Introduction to Buddhism
2387:, Oxford University Press,
2151:Ian Charles Harris (1991).
2100:Ian Charles Harris (1991).
2090:, p. 72, 125-126, 144.
1571:
1494:
1156:
1009:
309:
261:
223:
191:
133:
107:
10:
5354:
5338:Sanskrit words and phrases
4752:The unanswerable questions
2541:. Harmony. Kindle Edition.
2336:
1981:, pp. 5, 40, 134–137.
1769:. Routledge. p. 206.
1522:
1498:
1285:
1275:
1070:in the Theravada tradition
20:
5280:
5232:
5147:
5062:
4837:Buddhist temples in Korea
4760:
4662:
4545:
4242:
4170:
3997:
3870:
3810:
3445:
3400:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
3311:
3303:Three planes of existence
3251:
3096:
2988:
2918:
2910:Buddha in world religions
2772:
2717:
2689:
2624:
2615:
2603:
2405:, Oxford University Press
2223:. Springer. p. 201.
2217:Guttorm Fløistad (2012).
1862:Williams & Tribe 2000
1593:Mental factors (Buddhism)
1208:there are mental objects,
1001:
333:
319:
298:
291:
277:
254:
247:
238:
231:
210:
203:
180:
173:
164:
157:
141:
122:
115:
96:
89:
72:
65:
52:
45:
41:ignorance, misconceptions
37:
30:
4619:Persecution of Buddhists
3840:Four stages of awakening
3221:Three marks of existence
2807:Physical characteristics
2521:Vajradhatu Publications.
2078:, pp. 146–159, 243.
2009:Winston L. King (2013).
1917:Philosophy East and West
1614:
1604:Three poisons (Buddhism)
3982:Ten principal disciples
2865:(aunt, adoptive mother)
2460:Trainor, Kevin (2004),
2403:Foundations of Buddhism
2401:Gethin, Rupert (1998),
2313:F Harold Smith (2013).
1181:leads to overcoming of
1149:("to see") and English
644:Philosophical reasoning
4692:Buddhism and democracy
4205:Tibetan Buddhist canon
4200:Chinese Buddhist canon
3432:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3427:Early Buddhist schools
2511:, Pariyatti Publishing
2507:Bhikkhu Bodhi (2003),
2439:Keown, Damien (2013).
2410:Harvey, Peter (1990),
2361:Conze, Edward (2013),
2190:Bruno Petzold (1995).
1249:In Buddhist traditions
1226:Samyutta Nikaya III.46
1221:
411:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
326:
284:
148:
4702:Eight Consciousnesses
2812:Life of Buddha in art
2419:Peter Harvey (2013),
1709:Dan Lusthaus (2014).
1192:
1130:In Vedic literature,
679:Aids to Enlightenment
504:Dependent Origination
5179:East Asian religions
4609:Buddhism in the West
4180:Early Buddhist texts
3795:Four Right Exertions
3261:Ten spiritual realms
2754:Noble Eightfold Path
1013:; Tibetan phonetic:
649:Devotional practices
472:Noble Eightfold Path
335:Glossary of Buddhism
5302:Religion portal
5049:Temple of the Tooth
4928:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
3967:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
3460:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
3243:Two truths doctrine
3063:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2863:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2529:The Meaning of Life
1469:Old Age & Death
1214:touched by feeling,
1139:Proto-Indo-European
949:Buddhism portal
822:Buddhism by country
584:Sanskrit literature
5224:Western philosophy
4822:Dzong architecture
4644:Vipassana movement
4639:Buddhist modernism
4067:Emperor Wen of Sui
3835:Pratyekabuddhayāna
3768:Threefold Training
3570:Vipassana movement
3286:Hungry Ghost realm
3106:Avidyā (Ignorance)
3053:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
2802:Great Renunciation
2797:Eight Great Events
2679:
1583:Kleshas (Buddhism)
1177:. Removal of this
436:Buddhist modernism
5310:
5309:
4948:Om mani padme hum
4654:Women in Buddhism
4570:Buddhist councils
4440:Western countries
4228:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
3989:Shaolin Monastery
3566:Samatha-vipassanā
3176:Pratītyasamutpāda
2980:Metteyya/Maitreya
2898:
2890:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2850:
2727:Four Noble Truths
2638:
2637:
2625:Succeeded by
2590:978-0-7475-3413-6
2473:978-0-19-517398-7
2452:978-0-19-966383-5
2432:978-1-136-78329-6
2394:978-0-19-532817-2
2374:978-1-134-54231-4
2326:978-1-135-02929-6
2299:978-1-119-14466-3
2257:978-0-19-532899-8
2230:978-94-011-2510-9
2203:978-3-447-03373-2
2129:, pp. 73–75.
2022:978-1-134-56555-9
1979:Peter Harvey 2013
1950:Peter Harvey 2013
1888:, pp. 65–68.
1776:978-1-134-27941-8
1741:, pp. 39–40.
1722:978-1-317-97342-3
1578:Avidya (Hinduism)
1542:pratītyasamutpāda
1488:dependent arising
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1243:Four Noble Truths
1234:Four Noble Truths
1045:Four Noble Truths
1007:
985:
984:
467:Four Noble Truths
340:
339:
307:
23:Avidya (Hinduism)
5345:
5300:
5299:
5288:
5287:
5127:Sacred languages
4975:Maya Devi Temple
4938:Mahabodhi Temple
4742:Secular Buddhism
4707:Engaged Buddhism
3547:
3395:Tibetan Buddhism
3346:Vietnamese Thiền
2945:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2848:
2697:
2696:
2684:
2674:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2641:
2640:
2632:
2611:
2604:Preceded by
2601:
2600:
2572:
2566:
2535:Mingyur Rinpoche
2494:
2476:
2456:
2435:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2377:
2357:
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2097:
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2085:
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2006:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1959:
1953:
1947:
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1727:
1726:
1706:
1700:
1699:, pp. 1070.
1694:
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1665:
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1462:
1446:
1430:
1414:
1398:
1382:
1366:
1350:
1334:
1318:
1302:
1273:
1269:
1228:
1061:six root kleshas
1012:
1006:romanized:
1005:
1003:
977:
970:
963:
947:
946:
674:Sublime abidings
365:
342:
341:
329:
315:
314:
312:
302:
287:
272:
257:
256:
243:
242:
226:
215:
214:
198:
195:
183:
182:
181:អវិជ្ជា, អវិទ្យា
169:
168:
153:
136:
125:
124:
110:
99:
98:
85:
84:
82:
61:
60:
28:
27:
5353:
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5343:
5342:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5294:
5276:
5228:
5143:
5058:
4795:Ordination hall
4756:
4658:
4629:Buddhist crisis
4541:
4238:
4190:Mahayana sutras
4166:
4162:Thích Nhất Hạnh
3993:
3866:
3806:
3756:Bodhisattva vow
3441:
3307:
3247:
3206:Taṇhā (Craving)
3141:Five hindrances
3092:
2984:
2914:
2768:
2713:
2685:
2668:
2634:
2619:
2617:Twelve Nidānas
2613:
2558:
2556:Further reading
2515:Chogyam Trungpa
2492:
2474:
2453:
2433:
2395:
2375:
2355:
2339:
2334:
2327:
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2007:
2003:
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1989:
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1929:10.2307/1396830
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1631:Jeffrey Hopkins
1626:
1622:
1617:
1588:Maya (illusion)
1574:
1546:Samyutta Nikaya
1527:
1521:
1503:
1497:
1460:
1444:
1428:
1412:
1396:
1380:
1364:
1357:Six Sense Bases
1348:
1341:Name & Form
1332:
1316:
1300:
1281:The 12 Nidānas:
1267:
1251:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1218:thinks 'I am'.
1217:
1215:
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1209:
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1159:
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719:
709:
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614:
604:
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574:Mahayana Sutras
554:
544:
543:
484:Five Aggregates
462:
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441:
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431:Later Buddhists
396:
300:
266:
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216:
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193:
184:
166:
150:
126:
100:
80:
74:
54:
32:
31:Translations of
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
5351:
5341:
5340:
5335:
5333:Twelve nidānas
5330:
5325:
5308:
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4913:
4908:
4903:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4859:Greco-Buddhist
4851:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4810:Burmese pagoda
4802:
4797:
4792:
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4782:
4777:
4766:
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4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
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4709:
4704:
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4660:
4659:
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4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4592:Greco-Buddhism
4589:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4551:
4549:
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4542:
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4525:United Kingdom
4522:
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4470:Czech Republic
4467:
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4269:
4264:
4259:
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4237:
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4234:Abhidharmadīpa
4231:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4168:
4167:
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4159:
4154:
4152:B. R. Ambedkar
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4072:Songtsen Gampo
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3985:
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3808:
3807:
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3804:
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3798:
3797:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3751:Eight precepts
3748:
3738:
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3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3711:
3710:
3709:
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3694:
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3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3539:
3529:
3524:
3522:Five Strengths
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3462:
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3333:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3308:
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3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
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3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3161:Mental factors
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3094:
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3085:
3080:
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3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3013:Mahamoggallāna
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
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2942:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2928:Avalokiteśvara
2924:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2892:
2884:
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2814:
2809:
2804:
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2766:
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2756:
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2739:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2644:
2636:
2635:
2626:
2623:
2614:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2592:
2578:Daniel Goleman
2575:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2542:
2532:
2522:
2512:
2505:
2495:
2490:
2477:
2472:
2457:
2451:
2436:
2431:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2393:
2378:
2373:
2358:
2353:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2305:
2298:
2275:
2273:, p. 162.
2263:
2256:
2236:
2229:
2209:
2202:
2182:
2170:
2163:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2112:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2048:
2028:
2021:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1971:
1954:
1942:
1923:(1/2): 21–25.
1902:
1900:, p. 171.
1898:Edelglass 2009
1890:
1878:
1876:, p. 150.
1866:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1819:
1799:
1782:
1775:
1755:
1743:
1728:
1721:
1701:
1689:
1672:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1638:) and hatred (
1619:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1609:Twelve Nidanas
1606:
1601:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1570:
1525:Twelve Nidānas
1523:Main article:
1520:
1517:
1496:
1493:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1457:
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1409:
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1266:
1263:
1250:
1247:
1198:
1191:
1158:
1155:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1073:Equivalent to
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1047:
1035:repeated birth
1002:𑀅𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸
983:
982:
980:
979:
972:
965:
957:
954:
953:
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951:
936:
935:
932:
931:
926:
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891:
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881:
876:
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846:
841:
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820:
819:
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812:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
765:
760:
759:
756:
755:
752:
751:
746:
741:
739:Pratyekabuddha
736:
731:
726:
720:
715:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
701:
696:
694:Buddhist chant
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
615:
610:
609:
606:
605:
602:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
555:
552:Buddhist texts
550:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
480:
479:
469:
463:
460:
459:
454:
448:
447:
446:
443:
442:
439:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
397:
392:
391:
388:
387:
386:
385:
380:
375:
367:
366:
358:
357:
351:
350:
338:
337:
331:
330:
323:
317:
316:
295:
289:
288:
281:
275:
274:
251:
245:
244:
235:
229:
228:
207:
201:
200:
177:
171:
170:
161:
155:
154:
149:ketidaktahuan,
145:
139:
138:
119:
113:
112:
93:
87:
86:
81:𑀅𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸
69:
63:
62:
49:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5350:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5291:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5064:Miscellaneous
5061:
5055:
5054:Vegetarianism
5052:
5050:
5047:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4876:Buddha in art
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4530:United States
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4087:Padmasambhava
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3999:Major figures
3996:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3945:Western tulku
3943:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3746:Five precepts
3744:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3724:Dhamma vicaya
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3492:Buddhābhiṣeka
3490:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:Enlightenment
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3126:Dhamma theory
3124:
3122:
3121:Buddha-nature
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2960:Samantabhadra
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2665:
2660:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2633:
2631:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2550:
2546:
2545:Sonam Rinchen
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2498:Ajahn Sucitto
2496:
2493:
2487:
2484:, Routledge,
2483:
2478:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2425:, Routledge,
2424:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2367:, Routledge,
2366:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2354:9780691157863
2350:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2328:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2309:
2301:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2282:
2280:
2272:
2267:
2259:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2186:
2179:
2174:
2166:
2164:90-04-09448-2
2160:
2156:
2155:
2147:
2141:, p. 68.
2140:
2135:
2128:
2123:
2115:
2113:90-04-09448-2
2109:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2089:
2084:
2077:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2049:90-04-06112-6
2045:
2041:
2040:
2032:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1980:
1975:
1969:, pages 40-43
1968:
1964:
1958:
1952:, p. 40.
1951:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1899:
1894:
1887:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1804:
1797:, p. 67.
1796:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1778:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1759:
1753:, p. 86.
1752:
1747:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1705:
1698:
1693:
1687:, p. 74.
1686:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1670:, p. 73.
1669:
1664:
1660:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1492:
1489:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:Consciousness
1322:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1219:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1054:three poisons
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1011:
999:
995:
991:
990:
978:
973:
971:
966:
964:
959:
958:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
939:
938:
937:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
823:
818:
817:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
763:
758:
757:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
718:
713:
712:
705:
704:Vegetarianism
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
659:Recollections
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
629:Five precepts
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
613:
608:
607:
600:
597:
595:
594:Chinese canon
592:
590:
589:Tibetan canon
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
553:
548:
547:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
478:
475:
474:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
445:
444:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
395:
390:
389:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
368:
364:
360:
359:
356:
353:
352:
348:
344:
343:
336:
332:
328:
324:
322:
318:
311:
305:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
280:
276:
271:
269:
265:: ma rig pa;
264:
252:
250:
246:
241:
236:
234:
230:
225:
220:
208:
206:
202:
197:
188:
178:
176:
172:
162:
160:
156:
152:
146:
144:
140:
135:
130:
120:
118:
114:
109:
104:
94:
92:
88:
78:
70:
68:
64:
58:
50:
48:
44:
40:
36:
29:
24:
16:
5242:Bodhisattvas
5162:Christianity
5157:Baháʼí Faith
5022:Dharmachakra
5012:Prayer wheel
5002:Prayer beads
4770:Architecture
4649:969 Movement
4433:Saudi Arabia
4411:Central Asia
4404:South Africa
4226:
4209:
4142:Panchen Lama
4047:Buddhapālita
3643:Satipatthana
3638:Mindful Yoga
3551:Recollection
3465:Brahmavihara
3336:Japanese Zen
3331:Chinese Chan
3291:Animal realm
3105:
3098:Key concepts
2920:Bodhisattvas
2732:Three Jewels
2620:
2616:
2595:Avijja Sutta
2581:
2551:, Snow Lion.
2548:
2538:
2528:
2518:
2508:
2504:. Shambhala.
2501:
2481:
2462:
2441:
2421:
2411:
2402:
2383:
2363:
2344:
2315:
2308:
2288:
2271:Trainor 2004
2266:
2246:
2239:
2219:
2212:
2192:
2185:
2173:
2153:
2146:
2134:
2122:
2102:
2095:
2083:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2038:
2031:
2011:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1974:
1957:
1945:
1920:
1916:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1829:
1822:
1812:
1765:
1758:
1746:
1711:
1704:
1692:
1685:Trainor 2004
1663:
1623:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1550:Digha Nikaya
1535:
1530:
1528:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1485:
1468:
1452:
1436:
1420:
1404:
1388:
1372:
1356:
1340:
1324:
1308:
1292:
1291:
1280:
1252:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1039:
1028:
1022:
1019:impermanence
1014:
988:
987:
986:
654:Merit making
619:Three Jewels
559:Buddhavacana
489:Impermanence
477:Dharma wheel
211:(Hangeul) 무명
15:
5087:Dharma talk
4916:Asalha Puja
4712:Eschatology
4515:Switzerland
4495:New Zealand
4423:Middle East
4332:Philippines
4252:Afghanistan
4057:Bodhidharma
4042:Buddhaghosa
3962:Householder
3872:Monasticism
3825:Bodhisattva
3680:Prostration
3633:Mindfulness
3561:Anapanasati
3544:Kammaṭṭhāna
3341:Korean Seon
3281:Asura realm
3276:Human realm
3216:Ten Fetters
3171:Parinirvana
3073:Uppalavanna
3038:Mahākaccana
3023:Mahākassapa
2955:Kṣitigarbha
2950:Ākāśagarbha
2847:Suddhodāna
2792:Four sights
2719:Foundations
2491:0-415207010
2139:Harvey 1990
2127:Gethin 1998
2088:Harvey 1990
2076:Gethin 1998
1967:0-861715667
1886:Harvey 1990
1874:Gethin 1998
1795:Harvey 1990
1548:II.2–4 and
1068:ten fetters
1066:One of the
1059:One of the
1052:One of the
996:: अविद्या;
889:New Zealand
744:Bodhisattva
729:Four Stages
684:Monasticism
664:Mindfulness
634:Perfections
564:Early Texts
5317:Categories
5204:Psychology
5184:Gnosticism
5172:Comparison
5167:Influences
5149:Comparison
5032:Bhavacakra
4990:Kushinagar
4965:Pilgrimage
4911:Māgha Pūjā
4866:Bodhi Tree
4682:Buddhology
4672:Abhidharma
4664:Philosophy
4597:Menander I
4465:Costa Rica
4416:Uzbekistan
4257:Bangladesh
4211:Dhammapada
4195:Pali Canon
4157:Ajahn Chah
4137:Dalai Lama
4037:Kumārajīva
4032:Vasubandhu
4007:The Buddha
3915:Zen master
3850:Sakadagami
3830:Buddhahood
3761:Pratimokṣa
3576:Shikantaza
3532:Meditation
3507:Deity yoga
3378:Madhyamaka
3271:Deva realm
3166:Mindstream
3116:Bodhicitta
3028:Aṅgulimāla
2895:Devadatta
2871:Yaśodharā
2774:The Buddha
2764:Middle Way
2609:Jarāmaraṇa
2525:Dalai Lama
1739:Conze 2013
1668:Keown 2013
1656:References
1558:Jarāmaraṇa
1499:See also:
1309:Formations
1123:and other
762:Traditions
699:Pilgrimage
639:Meditation
599:Post-canon
579:Pāli Canon
509:Middle Way
406:The Buddha
321:Vietnamese
270:: ma rigpa
213:(Hanja) 無明
143:Indonesian
59:: अविद्या)
5323:Ignorance
5272:Festivals
5252:Buddhists
5214:Theosophy
5017:Symbolism
5007:Hama yumi
4980:Bodh Gaya
4747:Socialism
4722:Evolution
4697:Economics
4535:Venezuela
4450:Australia
4445:Argentina
4369:Sri Lanka
4364:Singapore
4282:Indonesia
4244:Countries
4185:Tripiṭaka
4147:Ajahn Mun
4022:Nagarjuna
4017:Aśvaghoṣa
3900:Anagārika
3895:Śrāmaṇerī
3890:Śrāmaṇera
3885:Bhikkhunī
3845:Sotāpanna
3734:Passaddhi
3675:Offerings
3650:Nekkhamma
3527:Iddhipada
3447:Practices
3417:Theravada
3390:Vajrayana
3383:Yogachara
3353:Pure Land
3266:Six Paths
3253:Cosmology
3033:Anuruddha
3008:Sāriputta
2998:Kaundinya
2990:Disciples
2965:Vajrapāṇi
2817:Footprint
2782:Tathāgata
2060:ignorance
1646:troubles.
1519:Vajrayana
1293:Ignorance
1265:Theravada
1195:Ignorance
1085:Etymology
909:Sri Lanka
899:Singapore
854:Indonesia
794:Vajrayāna
769:Theravāda
724:Awakening
612:Practices
569:Tripiṭaka
539:Cosmology
514:Emptiness
494:Suffering
240:අවිද්යාව
224:mu myeong
192:âvĭchchéa
151:kebodohan
5290:Category
5219:Violence
5189:Hinduism
5137:Sanskrit
5092:Hinayana
5077:Amitābha
5037:Swastika
4906:Uposatha
4896:Holidays
4881:Calendar
4727:Humanism
4565:Kanishka
4555:Timeline
4379:Thailand
4347:Kalmykia
4342:Buryatia
4327:Pakistan
4312:Mongolia
4307:Maldives
4302:Malaysia
4267:Cambodia
4132:Shamarpa
4127:Nichiren
4077:Xuanzang
4012:Nagasena
3930:Rinpoche
3660:Pāramitā
3502:Devotion
3422:Navayana
3410:Dzogchen
3373:Nichiren
3321:Mahayana
3313:Branches
3191:Saṅkhāra
2940:Mañjuśrī
2897:(cousin)
2889:(cousin)
2857:(mother)
2849:(father)
2837:Miracles
2787:Birthday
2704:Glossary
2677:Buddhism
2630:Saṃskāra
2547:(2006).
2537:(2007).
2527:(1992).
2517:(1972).
2500:(2010).
1572:See also
1495:Mahayana
1437:Becoming
1421:Clinging
1157:Overview
1015:ma rigpa
994:Sanskrit
919:Thailand
879:Mongolia
874:Malaysia
839:Cambodia
804:Navayana
784:Hinayana
779:Mahāyāna
689:Lay life
519:Morality
499:Not-self
457:Concepts
416:Councils
401:Timeline
373:Glossary
355:Buddhism
347:a series
345:Part of
159:Japanese
47:Sanskrit
5267:Temples
5247:Buddhas
5209:Science
5199:Judaism
5194:Jainism
5112:Lineage
5072:Abhijñā
5042:Thangka
4985:Sarnath
4970:Lumbini
4891:Funeral
4886:Cuisine
4762:Culture
4737:Reality
4687:Creator
4677:Atomism
4547:History
4520:Ukraine
4480:Germany
4399:Senegal
4389:Vietnam
4317:Myanmar
4117:Shinran
4107:Karmapa
4082:Shandao
4052:Dignāga
3977:Śrāvaka
3957:Donchee
3952:Kappiya
3910:Sayadaw
3880:Bhikkhu
3855:Anāgāmi
3812:Nirvana
3778:Samadhi
3665:Paritta
3606:Tonglen
3601:Mandala
3556:Smarana
3537:Mantras
3485:Upekkha
3455:Bhavana
3405:Shingon
3358:Tiantai
3211:Tathātā
3201:Śūnyatā
3196:Skandha
3186:Saṃsāra
3181:Rebirth
3156:Kleshas
3146:Indriya
3048:Subhūti
2933:Guanyin
2887:Ānanda
2879:Rāhula
2759:Nirvana
2699:Outline
2337:Sources
2066:order."
2064:dhammic
1937:1396830
1554:nidanas
1538:samsara
1508:sunyata
1476:
1405:Craving
1389:Feeling
1373:Contact
1286:
1276:
1121:Rigveda
929:Vietnam
884:Myanmar
799:Tibetan
789:Chinese
717:Nirvāṇa
534:Saṃsāra
529:Rebirth
394:History
383:Outline
327:vô minh
310:awitcha
306::
279:Tagalog
255:མ་རིག་པ
249:Tibetan
233:Sinhala
196:âvĭtyéa
167:(mumyō)
134:wú míng
117:Chinese
108:əweɪʔzà
97:အဝိဇ္ဇာ
91:Burmese
38:English
5262:Sutras
5257:Suttas
5122:Siddhi
5107:Koliya
5082:Brahmā
4997:Poetry
4943:Mantra
4933:Kasaya
4805:Pagoda
4785:Kyaung
4780:Vihāra
4775:Temple
4717:Ethics
4560:Ashoka
4510:Sweden
4505:Poland
4500:Norway
4490:Mexico
4475:France
4460:Canada
4455:Brazil
4394:Africa
4374:Taiwan
4337:Russia
4262:Bhutan
4222:Vinaya
4102:Naropa
4092:Saraha
4027:Asanga
3783:Prajñā
3692:Refuge
3655:Nianfo
3616:Tertön
3611:Tantra
3596:Ganana
3586:Tukdam
3512:Dhyāna
3480:Mudita
3475:Karuṇā
3368:Risshū
3363:Huayan
3296:Naraka
3236:Anattā
3231:Dukkha
3226:Anicca
3131:Dharma
3083:Channa
3018:Ānanda
3003:Assaji
2970:Skanda
2873:(wife)
2842:Family
2822:Relics
2747:Sangha
2742:Dharma
2737:Buddha
2621:Avidyā
2588:
2564:Avijjā
2488:
2470:
2449:
2429:
2391:
2371:
2351:
2323:
2296:
2254:
2227:
2200:
2161:
2110:
2056:Quote:
2046:
2019:
1965:
1935:
1773:
1719:
1640:dvesha
1566:dukkha
1562:Avidyā
1531:Avidya
1259:Anicca
1255:Anatta
1238:Avidya
1183:Dukkha
1179:Avidya
1174:Dukkha
1169:Avidya
1164:Avidya
1147:vidēre
1141:root *
1132:avidya
1113:avidya
1097:prefix
1090:Avidyā
1030:Dukkha
1024:anatta
1010:avijjā
989:Avidyā
914:Taiwan
894:Russia
834:Brazil
829:Bhutan
749:Buddha
669:Wisdom
452:Dharma
299:อวิชชา
285:avidya
205:Korean
187:UNGEGN
129:Pinyin
73:avijjā
53:avidyā
33:avidyā
5234:Lists
5102:Kalpa
5097:Iddhi
4960:Music
4955:Mudra
4921:Vassa
4901:Vesak
4871:Budai
4817:Candi
4800:Stupa
4732:Logic
4485:Italy
4384:Tibet
4322:Nepal
4292:Korea
4287:Japan
4277:India
4272:China
4217:Sutra
4172:Texts
4122:Dōgen
4112:Hōnen
4097:Atiśa
4062:Zhiyi
3972:Achar
3940:Tulku
3935:Geshe
3920:Rōshi
3905:Ajahn
3860:Arhat
3820:Bodhi
3790:Vīrya
3707:Sacca
3702:Satya
3697:Sādhu
3685:Music
3628:Merit
3621:Terma
3581:Zazen
3517:Faith
3470:Mettā
3151:Karma
3111:Bardo
3078:Asita
3068:Khema
3058:Upāli
3043:Nanda
2881:(son)
2855:Māyā
2832:Films
2709:Index
2570:Āsava
1933:JSTOR
1642:)..."
1615:Notes
1598:Tanha
1453:Birth
1125:Vedas
1105:vidya
1101:vidya
924:Tibet
864:Korea
859:Japan
849:India
844:China
809:Newar
734:Arhat
524:Karma
378:Index
263:Wylie
175:Khmer
103:MLCTS
5132:Pāḷi
5117:Māra
5027:Flag
4428:Iran
4352:Tuva
4297:Laos
3925:Lama
3773:Śīla
3741:Śīla
3729:Pīti
3719:Sati
3670:Puja
3591:Koan
3497:Dāna
3088:Yasa
2975:Tārā
2586:ISBN
2567:and
2486:ISBN
2468:ISBN
2447:ISBN
2427:ISBN
2389:ISBN
2369:ISBN
2349:ISBN
2321:ISBN
2294:ISBN
2252:ISBN
2225:ISBN
2198:ISBN
2159:ISBN
2108:ISBN
2044:ISBN
2017:ISBN
1963:ISBN
1771:ISBN
1717:ISBN
1636:raga
1143:weid
1117:vid*
1099:and
1075:moha
1021:and
998:Pali
869:Laos
774:Pāli
304:RTGS
293:Thai
77:Brah
67:Pali
4854:Art
4790:Wat
3326:Zen
1925:doi
1151:wit
1109:vid
268:THL
165:無明
79:.:
57:Dev
5319::
4356:ru
2580::
2278:^
2054:,
1931:.
1919:.
1905:^
1802:^
1785:^
1731:^
1675:^
1185:.
1153:.
1127:.
1094:a-
1037:.
1004:,
1000::
904:US
349:on
221::
219:RR
189::
131::
123:無明
105::
4358:)
4354:(
3572:)
3568:(
2663:e
2656:t
2649:v
2455:.
2329:.
2302:.
2260:.
2233:.
2206:.
2167:.
2116:.
2052:.
2025:.
1939:.
1927::
1921:7
1779:.
1725:.
1461:↓
1445:↓
1429:↓
1413:↓
1397:↓
1381:↓
1365:↓
1349:↓
1333:↓
1317:↓
1301:↓
1224:—
992:(
976:e
969:t
962:v
313:)
301:(
273:)
259:(
227:)
217:(
199:)
194:,
185:(
137:)
127:(
111:)
101:(
83:)
75:(
55:(
25:.
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