Austrians - Knowledge

2011: 61: 752: 973: 177: 157: 592: 832: 137: 1519: 452: 392: 197: 812: 1688: 332: 97: 612: 2115: 792: 872: 1915: 852: 297: 732: 672: 652: 2711: 772: 412: 3934: 712: 532: 79: 572: 472: 372: 237: 1895: 552: 512: 1776: 692: 492: 117: 432: 1939: 632: 277: 217: 352: 257: 1249: 1141: 1649:, was bound together by the common constitution of 1867, stating that all subjects now would carry "uniform Austrian citizenship" and have the same fundamental rights. These non-Hungarian lands were not officially called the Austrian Empire. Until 1915, they were officially called "the Kingdoms and States Represented in the Imperial Council" and politicians used the technical term 2077:, from 1945 party president and vice-chancellor and from 1957 federal president of Austria, was visited by German friends who wanted to talk about post-war government, he spontaneously explained to his surprised visitors, "love for Germany has been put out in Austrians". When the allies declared that they would reestablish an independent Austrian state after their victory (the 1625:, acknowledging the Kingdom of Hungary as an independent state bound to the remaining part of the empire, as well independent, by a personal and real union, the Emperor of Austria being the Apostolic King of Hungary (with both titles on the same level). The Austrian half, a patchwork of crown-lands, broadly coterminous with the modern-day Austria, the 2384:). After 2007, the rate of naturalizations has decreased due to a stricter nationality law enacted by the Austrian legislature. During the 2000s, an average number of 27,127 foreign nationals per year was naturalized as Austrian citizens, compared to an average 67,688 children per year born with Austrian nationality. 1910:

saw the collapse of Habsburg authority throughout an increasingly greater part of its empire. On October 16, 1918, emperor Karl I invited the nations of Austria to create national councils, with the aim to instigate a restructuring of the state under Habsburg rule. The nations followed the invitation

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On October 21, the German members of the Austrian parliament, elected in 1911, met in Vienna to found the Provisional National Assembly of German Austria ("Provisorische Nationalversammlung für Deutschösterreich"). On October 30, 1918, they installed the first German Austrian government, leaving the

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The Austro-Hungarian Empire created ethnic conflict between the German Austrians and the other ethnic groups of the empire. Many pan-German movements in the empire desired the reinforcement of an ethnic German identity and that the empire would collapse and allow for a quick annexation of Austria to

1987:, and also by a fear that the new state, stripped of its one-time imperial possessions, and surrounded by potentially hostile nation-states, would not be economically viable. An Austrian identity emerged to some degree during the First Republic, and although Austria was still considered part of the 1858:

While the high bureaucracy of Austria and many Austrian army officers considered themselves "black-yellow" (the Habsburg colours), i.e. loyal to the dynasty, the term "German Austria" (Deutschösterreich) was a term used in the press to mean all the Austrian districts with an ethnic German majority

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Political debate now centred on the nature of a possible future German state to replace the Confederation, and part of that debate concerned the issue of whether or not the Austrian lands had a place in the German polity. When Emperor Franz Joseph I ordered to build a monument in Vienna in 1860 to

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In contrast, the Austrian political elite referred to their experiences in concentration camps and in prison, which had brought out a desire for the lost independence of the Austrian state. Kreissler (1993) writes: "It was not until after the (long dark) night of the Third Reich that Austrian

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Though the Allied forces treated Austria as a belligerent party in the war and maintained occupation of it after the Nazi capitulation, they accepted the Declaration of Independence which Austrian politicians had signed at Vienna's city hall on April 27, 1945, and they made the first national

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The term Austrian in these times was used for identifying subjects of the Domus Austriae, the House of Austria, as the dynasty was called in Europe, regardless of their ethnic ancestry. Although not formally a united state, the lands ruled by the Habsburgs would sometimes be known by the name

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Unlike earlier in the 20th century, in 1987 only 6% of Austrians identified themselves as "Germans". Today over 90% of the Austrians see themselves as an independent nation. The logic of the existence of an independent Austrian state is no longer questioned as it was in the inter-war period.

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to exist. It is said that Celtic Austria became culturally Romanized under Roman rule and later culturally Germanized after Germanic invasions. Contemporary Austrians express pride in having Celtic heritage and Austria possesses one of the largest collections of Celtic artifacts in Europe.

1935:", reflecting the republic being the German part of the old Austria and showing the popular desire to unite with the new German republic. On November 12, 1918, the provisional national assembly voted for the republic and for unification with Germany with a large majority. 1930:

and social democrats favoured the republic, the Christian Socialists wanted to keep the monarchy.) This government in the first days of November took over the duties of the last imperial-royal government in a peaceful way. Initially the new state adopted the name

2890: 1974:'s wish to unite with Switzerland was also ignored. On October 21, 1919, the state changed its name accordingly. Many German Austrian communities were left scattered throughout the other new states, especially in Czechoslovakia, where more than 3 million 1978:

had not been allowed to become part of the new Austrian state, as well as in the southern part of Tyrol which now found itself part of Italy. In total, more than 3.5 million German-speaking Austrians were forced to remain outside the Austrian state.

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The rate of naturalizations was at about 7,700 per year during the 1980s. It rose to 16,000 in 1997, 25,000 in 1999, peaking at 45,000 in 2003. Since 2004 the figure has shown a decreasing trend, falling back to a 1970s level (below 7,000) by

1563:(the imperial institutions of which were themselves controlled for much of their later existence by the Habsburgs). However, the second half of the 18th century saw an increasingly centralised state begin to develop under the reign of 2865: 1863:

and his followers agitated against the "multi-national" Austro-Hungarian Empire and advocated for German Austria to join the German Empire. Although many Austrians shared the same views, a lot of them still showed allegiance to the

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elections possible in the autumn of that year. By the end of 1945, Austria, under the supervision of the Allied Council in Vienna, had a democratic parliament and government again, acknowledged by all four allied occupation zones.

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Consequently, an increasing portion of Austrians is not descended from the historical populations of Austria. While the term "ethnic Austrian" has mostly been reserved for the context of overseas emigration from Austria

2038:. In 1942 the name was changed to the "Alpen-und Donau-Reichsgaue" ("Alpine and Danubian Gaue"), thus eradicating any links with a special Austrian past. Some of the most prominent Nazis were native Austrians, including 1982:

The collapse of the empire caused an apparent struggle for some German Austrians between an "Austrian" and a "German" character. The idea of unifying Austria with Germany was motivated both by a sense of a common German

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people as well. The common German identity of lands such as Carinthia, Styria, or Tyrol, and the ruling dynasty made it easier for these lands to accept the central government set up in Vienna in the mid-18th century.

1966:, and the post-war treaties imposed by the victorious Allies combined to see the newly established Austrian republic both with the boundaries it has today, and a largely homogeneous German-speaking population. In the 2269:. Thus, all websites, official announcements and most of the media are carried out in Austrian German. In terms of native language, it is generally not Austrian German that is used, but instead local dialects of the 2694:

has grown rapidly during the 1990s and 2000s, rising from 0.8% in 1971 to an estimated 6% in 2010, overtaking the traditional size of the Lutheran community in Austria. This rapid growth was due to the significant

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took time to develop. In a 1956 survey, 46% of Austrians still considered themselves to be Germans. Another survey carried out in 1964 revealed that only 15% of Austrians still considered themselves to be Germans.

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cuisines, from which both dishes and methods of food preparation have often been borrowed. Goulash is one example of this. Austrian cuisine is known primarily in the rest of the world for its pastries and sweets.

1970:, in September 1919 the union with Germany was prohibited, and the new republic's name "Deutschösterreich" was prohibited by the treaty; instead the term "Republic of Austria" was used. The westernmost province 2143:

identity was brought back to consciousness by resistance and exile". Austrians developed a self-image unambiguously separate from their German neighbour. It was based on cultural achievements of the past, the

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resulted in military defeat of the Austrians in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and the collapse of the Confederation, both effectively ending any future Austrian influence on German political events.

1911:(the Czechs had founded their national council already before the invitation) but ignored the will of the emperor to keep them in a restructured Austrian state. Their goal was total independence. 2134:

between Austria and them was signed to end occupation and to regain Austrian sovereignty. Immediately after 1945 the majority of Austrians still saw themselves as Germans, as a broader Austrian

2869: 1847:(and were counted as such in the censuses). After Bismarck had excluded Austria from Germany, many Austrians faced a dilemma about their identity which prompted the Social Democratic Leader 2848: 1756:

unanimously dominated the confederation. The developing sense of a German nationality had been accelerated massively as a consequence of the political turmoil and wars that engulfed

1546:' cultural and political preponderance in multi-ethnic Hungary than Bohemia, on three sides surrounded by German neighbours, which underwent a period of intense German colonisation, 1709:(yellow) and other independent German states (grey). The red line marks the border of the German Confederation; both Prussia and Austria controlled lands outside the Confederation. 2970: 2433:, the capital city of Austria has long been an important center of musical innovation. Composers of the 18th and 19th centuries were drawn to the city by the patronage of the 1851:

to state that the dilemma was "the conflict between our Austrian and German character." The state as a whole tried to work out a sense of a distinctively Austrian identity.

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Germany. Although it was precisely because of Bismarck's policies that Austria and the German Austrians were excluded from Germany, many Austrian pan-Germans idolized him.

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has been on the rise since the 1980s. An estimated 66% of Austrians adhered to Roman Catholicism in 2009, compared to 78% in 1991 and 89% in 1961. There is a traditional

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that identified Austrians on the basis of their predominantly Catholic religious identity as opposed to the predominantly Protestant religious identity of the Prussians.

3256:("Ich bin ein Deutscher Fürst") Walter Wiltschegg: Österreich, der "zweite deutsche Staat"?: der nationale Gedanke in der Ersten Republik, Stocker, 1992, p. 41 (German) 1229:" (the junior branch emerging from the dynastic split into Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs in 1521), but from the 18th century also "a native or inhabitant of Austria". 1500:

after 1278 and throughout the 14th and 15th centuries. The various populations of these territories were not unified under the single name of "Austrians" before the

2317:. The vast majority of Austrians are however able to speak Austrian Standard German in addition to their native dialect, as it is taught in all modern day schools. 1484:

The unification of the various territories of Austria outside of the March of Austria proper (i.e. parts of Bavaria, Swabia and Carinthia) was a gradual process of

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of 1943) the only Austrians who heard them were those secretly listening to enemy broadcasts ("Feindsender"), which was a criminal offence and heavily prosecuted.

1768:. Although the years of peace after Napoleon's fall quickly saw German nationalism largely pushed out of the public political arena by reactionary absolutism, the 2007:

government accepted that Austria was a "German state" and believed Austrians were "better Germans", but strongly opposed the annexing of Austria to Nazi Germany.

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the first Austrian emperor. For the first time the citizens of the various territories were now subjects of the one same state, while most of the German states,

2118:"Red-White-Red Book" which was published by the Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1946. The book describes the accepted version of the events during the 1752:) were members of the German Confederation since 1815 as they had been part of the Holy Roman Empire until 1806. Until 1848, Austria and its chancellor Prince 2245:

Austrians have historically spoken the German language. The sole official language at the federal level of Austria is German, and the standard used is called

3014: 1721:, especially in the two most powerful German states, Austria and Prussia. The question of how a unified Germany was to be formed was a matter of debate. The 2824: 4507: 1595: 2845: 1820:

When asked by Edward VII to abandon Austria-Hungary's alliance with Germany for co-operation with England, Franz Joseph replied "I am a German prince."

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was diminished in the Habsburg territories, but as the term "Austrians" still was used supra-national, German-speaking Austrians considered themselves

1559:"Austria". In reality they remained a disparate range of semi-autonomous states, most of which were part of the complex network of states that was the 3558: 2481:

Complementing its status as a land of artists, Austria has always been a country of great poets, writers, and novelists. It was the home of novelists

3710: 2266: 1657:). The general public called them Austria, and in 1915, the non-parliamentary Cisleithanian government decreed to use this term officially, too. 2096:

members in Austria. The sign of the Austrian resistance was O5, where the 5 stands for E and OE is the abbreviation of Österreich with Ö as OE.

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in 1809, it carried the dedication "To the persistent fighter for Germany's honour", to underline the Germanic mission of the House of Austria.

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Habsburg influence over the German Confederation, which was strongest in the southern member states, was rivalled by the increasingly powerful

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Spohn, Willfried (2005), "Austria: From Habsburg Empire to a Small Nation in Europe", Entangled identities: nations and Europe, Ashgate, p. 61

1449:

speaking majority population of Austria throughout their early modern and modern history remained characterized by their neighbourhood to the

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Constructing and Deconstructing National Identity: Dramatic Discourse in Tom Murphy's The Patriot Game and Felix Mitterer's In Der Löwengrube

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or "the Little Germany Solution". It proved favourable for Austrians not to be held guilty for World War II, genocide and war crimes, since

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to the Nazi rule started with the Anschluss in 1938. Historians estimate that there were about 100,000 members of resistance facing 700,000

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and hoped for Austria to remain an independent country. Although not as radical as Schönerer and his followers, populists such as

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etc.), it can more recently also be used to distinguish the indigenous population from the naturalized immigrant population.

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After Austria was excluded from Germany in 1866, the following year Austria joined Hungary as a dual empire known as the

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and pointedly excluding any of the Austrian lands, let the state turn away from Germany and turn its gaze towards the

4757: 3908: 3686: 3671: 3474: 3452: 3426: 3351: 2369:. An estimated total of 350,000 ethnic Turks lived in Austria in 2010, accounting for 3% of the Austrian population. 2010: 1785: 1800: 3006: 2387:

Today, the largest group of foreign nationals are Germans. As of January 2018 - 186,891 Germans lived in Austria.

1729:), which was promoted by the Austrian Empire and its supporters. On the other hand, the "Lesser German solution" ( 1725:

was to be solved by either unifying all German-speaking peoples under one state as the "Greater German solution" (

3334:(2008). "′Germans′ in the Habsburg Empire: Language, Imperial Ideology, National Identity, and Assimilation". In 1069:. After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918 at the end of World War I, Austria was reduced to a 4607: 4323: 4013: 3866: 3858: 3817: 2655: 2555:

Austrian cuisine, which is often incorrectly equated with Viennese cuisine, is derived from the cuisine of the

1583: 1795:

The idea of uniting all ethnic Germans into one nation-state began to be challenged in Austria by the rise of

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Austria's multicultural history and geographical location has resulted in post-Soviet era immigration from

2109: 1733:) advocated only to unify the northern German states and exclude Austria; this proposal was favored by the 1534:, greatly increased their political prestige and power with the acquisition of the lands of the crowns of 4541: 4296: 2663: 1670: 1170: 999:

from the 17th or 18th century. Subsequently, during the 19th century, it referred to the citizens of the

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and the Tiroler Außerfern) family. The Austro-Bavarian dialects are considered to belong either to the

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corresponds to the eastern half of the core territory of Bavaria (the western half forming part of the

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Births (Austrian nationality): 67694, 65741, 68474, 67861, 69902, 69023, 68662, 66864, 67348, 65312.

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Except a brief period in the 16th century, when much of what is now eastern Austria turned Lutheran.

1872:

used anti-semitism and pan-Germanism as a form of populism to further their own political purposes.

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minority, accounting for 4% of the population in 2009 (down from 6% in 1961). An estimated 17% are

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in 1871, which was Prussian-dominated, without the inclusion of Austria and the German Austrians.

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The end of World War II in 1945 saw the re-establishment of an independent Austria, although the

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was encouraged by the anti-Nazi/anti-Socialist clerico-authoritarianist state ideology known as

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has increased after 1995, since which dates Turks in Austria could retain their citizenship in

2348: 2127: 1389: 1054: 3081: 1621:. A further major change resulted from a reorganisation of the Austrian Empire in 1867 into a 4583: 4451: 4419: 4028: 4008: 3978: 3877: 3520: 3465: 3443: 3416: 3128: 2647: 2358: 2250: 2240: 2131: 2105: 1881: 1268: 3802: 3776: 60: 4588: 4573: 4527: 4446: 4409: 4333: 4306: 4216: 4079: 3998: 3973: 3968: 3953: 3879:

The Ambivalence of Identity: The Austrian Experience of Nation-Building in a Modern Society

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The first document containing the word "Ostarrîchi"; the word is marked with a red circle.

8: 4661: 4603: 4553: 4512: 4456: 4387: 4194: 4083: 4053: 4038: 3983: 2769: 2635: 2607: 2589: 2530: 2470: 2254: 2089: 2043: 1943: 1824: 1769: 1603: 1501: 1470: 1368:

in the east. In the 8th century, the former territories of Raetia and Noricum fell under

1365: 1310: 1042: 2559:. In addition to native regional traditions it has been influenced above all by German, 4762: 4717: 4710: 4623: 4522: 4492: 4475: 4261: 4241: 4155: 4137: 4129: 4058: 4048: 4023: 3294: 2739: 2734: 2603: 2510: 2332: 2144: 2078: 2063: 2000: 1765: 1734: 1702: 1674: 1602:

and did not succeed in forming a homogenous empire. Following Prussia's victory in the

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and viewed themselves as such. The Austrian lands (including Bohemia) were part of the

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governments in control of both Berlin and Vienna, the country was annexed to Germany (

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established it as a significant political issue for a period of nearly hundred years.

1257: 4636: 4502: 4363: 4291: 4281: 4221: 4145: 4003: 3993: 3988: 3887: 3862: 3839: 3813: 3786: 3731: 3692:

Naturalizations: 24320, 31731, 36011, 44694, 41645, 34876, 25746, 14010, 10258, 7978.

3667: 3588:Österreicher fühlen sich heute als Nation - 1938 - derStandard.at › Wissenschaft 3526: 3470: 3448: 3422: 3347: 3293:(in German). Vienna: Austrian Federal Press Service. 2000. p. 24. Archived from 3138: 3087: 2764: 2744: 2729: 2611: 2560: 2506: 2482: 2446: 2396: 2392: 2328: 2321: 2294: 2180: 2171:, although some historians call this a "big lie" and have challenged this statement. 2135: 2034: 1984: 1865: 1814: 1761: 1607: 1575: 1560: 1527: 1513: 1497: 1474: 1434: 1253: 1226: 1207: 1175: 1123: 1034: 1000: 3768: 2825:"Bevölkerung 2018 nach detaillierter Staatsangehörigkeit, Geschlecht und Bundesland" 1168:, which first appears in 996. This, in turn, is probably a translation of the Latin 4726: 4691: 4676: 4666: 4646: 4613: 4563: 4211: 4184: 4063: 4043: 3963: 3637: 2779: 2774: 2691: 2623: 2550: 2518: 2514: 2419: 2408: 2381: 2366: 2362: 2324: 2274: 1975: 1919: 1836: 1531: 1430: 1415: 1333: 1318: 1183: 1149: 1015: 906: 4656: 4246: 4231: 3827: 3492: 3265:

Richard Bassett, For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619-1918, p. 40

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entered the English language in the early 17th century, at the time referring to

1135: 1078: 1058: 1008: 955: 902: 897: 38: 2074: 1717:

into one nation-state gave way to a rapid rise of German nationalism within the

4731: 4429: 3335: 2716: 2667: 2619: 2615: 2576: 2568: 2454: 2442: 2373: 2354: 2290: 2192: 1951: 1932: 1757: 1738: 1691: 1654: 1626: 1599: 1419: 1385: 1349: 924: 397: 202: 1174:, which means "eastern borderland" (viz. delimiting the eastern border of the 4746: 4650: 4271: 3772: 3331: 3230: 2852: 2759: 2564: 2538: 2314: 2310: 2152: 2055: 1996: 1840: 1828: 1682: 1622: 1611: 1547: 1422:

just east of Vienna marks the ancient border between Francia and the Avars).

1203: 1195: 1115: 1050: 1023: 617: 102: 3626:

Kevin Duffy. Who Were the Celts? Barnes & Noble Publishing, 1996. P. 20.

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legacy, and the separation of the two empires in the late 19th century. The

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Migration and Citizenship: Legal Status, Rights and Political Participation

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Citizens of Austria living there in 2018 according to official census data.

2651: 2522: 2502: 2494: 2486: 2211:. As with neighbouring Germany, there has also been heavy immigration from 2070: 2069:

During the war, Austrians' infatuation with Germany faded as Austrian-born

2051: 2039: 1779:

A map of the German Confederation in 1849 showing the 39 independent states

1650: 1397: 1276: 1265: The core Hallstatt territory (HaC, 800 BC) is shown in solid yellow, 1194:

under the Babenbergs became independent of Bavaria. What is today known as

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France Diplomatie : Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères

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Proponents who recognize Austrians as a nation claim that Austrians have

1907: 1869: 1462: 1179: 984: 942: 877: 817: 797: 337: 162: 3518: 1914: 1542:

in 1526. The Hungarian aristocracy was more successful at retaining the

3288:"Das politische System in Österreich (The Political System in Austria)" 3124: 2685: 2677: 2526: 2306: 2278: 2216: 1971: 1959: 1898:

Provinces claimed by German Austria, with the subsequent border of the

1848: 1811: 1753: 1543: 1478: 1450: 1381: 1357: 1341: 1297: 1158:

is a derivative of the proper name Austria, which is a latinization of

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heritage, as Austria is the location of the first characteristically

2028: 1885: 1485: 1410: 1329: 1314: 1302: 1099: 1085:) in an attempt for union with Germany, but was forbidden due to the 302: 182: 1122:, resulting in Austrians developing their own separate and distinct 4189: 4172: 4094: 2434: 2200: 2188: 2148: 1894: 1749: 1630: 1579: 1466: 1345: 1337: 1306: 1288: 1248: 1126:. Today, the vast majority of Austrians do not identify as German. 929: 737: 677: 657: 4167: 4125: 3942: 3855:

The Anschluss Movement, 1918‒1919, and the Paris Peace Conference

2671: 2517:. Famous contemporary Austrian playwrights and novelists include 2458: 2450: 2220: 2204: 2196: 1963: 1938: 1844: 1832: 1807: 1775: 1714: 1646: 1638: 1539: 1458: 1438: 1401: 1377: 1284: 1211: 1049:

expelling the Austrian Empire from the Confederation. Thus, when

1030: 988: 980: 777: 717: 537: 457: 417: 122: 84: 3158: 2335:

are spoken and officially recognized by some states of Austria.

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For an analysis on the nationality or Austrian citizenship, see

4177: 3191: 2430: 2377: 2302: 2298: 2224: 2212: 2208: 1634: 1551: 1454: 1405: 1373: 1280: 1119: 1003:(1804–1867), and from 1867 until 1918 to the citizens of 637: 577: 557: 517: 477: 437: 377: 282: 242: 222: 142: 3804:

Hitler's Austria: Popular Sentiment in the Nazi Era, 1938-1945

3048:[Leaving church increased by eleven percent in 2012]. 4150: 2289:

subgroups, with the latter encompassing the languages of the

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to the east. As a consequence, the national character of the

1140: 757: 697: 497: 357: 262: 3539: 2122:(1938-1945) by the founders of the Second Austrian Republic. 1396:) during the 9th century was the boundary region separating 1384:. Pannonia until the end of the 8th century was part of the 3609: 3607: 2437:, and made Vienna the European capital of classical music. 2023: 1361: 1292: 2449:, among others, were associated with the city. During the 3638:"Turkey's ambassador to Austria prompts immigration spat" 3209: 3179: 1162:, the German name for Austria. This word is derived from 3604: 3107: 3105: 3103: 2099: 1225:

in the sense of "members of the Austrian branch of the

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and the union with Germany have become associated with

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Dokumentationsarchiev des österreichischen Widerstands

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from Turkey and Yugoslavia during the 1990s to 2000s.

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during the High and Late Middle Ages, at first in the

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Ruth Wodak; Rudolf de Cillia; Martin Reisigl (2009).

3502: 3500: 3384: 3360: 3312: 3100: 3079: 3007:"Relations bilatérales entre l'Autriche et la France" 2988:

Monash University ARROW Repository | People and Place

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from the 16th century, and it determined the role of

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as the chief settlement of the March of Austria (the

3730:, Volume 7: Europe, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 3479: 3466:

The politics of the Nazi past in Germany and Austria

3372: 3046:"Kirchenaustritte gingen 2012 um elf Prozent zurück" 2706: 1859:

among the inhabitants. Austrian pan-Germans such as

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Austria. Library of Congress Country Studies, 2004.

2147:, geopolitical neutrality, language variation, the 2073:'s series of victories ended. When social democrat 1530:, who had ruled the territory of Austria since the 3801: 3778:Austrian historical memory & national identity 3497: 3396: 3268: 3083:Austria in World War II: An Anglo-American Dilemma 2253:, like English. Austrian German is defined by the 2642:to a significant extent, including works such as 2265:), published under the authority of the Austrian 1496:during the 12th to 13th centuries, and under the 4744: 3522:The discursive construction of national identity 3130:The Discursive Construction of National Identity 2891:Statistics Canada 2011 National Household Survey 1737:and its supporters. This debate became known as 388: 193: 3512: 3073: 2267:Federal Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture 1414:), but the city only rose to importance in the 608: 93: 3767: 3545: 3197: 3086:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. pp. 138–. 3038: 2866:"Zensusdatenbank - Ergebnisse des Zensus 2011" 1810:state. Political manoeuvering by the Prussian 1275:The territory of what is today Austria in the 4110: 3916: 3060: 868: 808: 788: 328: 153: 3832:Hitler's Vienna: A Dictator's Apprenticeship 3525:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 57–. 3052:(in German). January 8, 2013. Archived from 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2594:The majority of Austrians are traditionally 2130:remained in occupation until 1955, when the 1744:The lands later called Cisleithania (except 848: 59: 3559:"Die Entwicklung des Österreichbewußtseins" 3159:"Österreicher fühlen sich heute als Nation" 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 1660: 293: 173: 4117: 4103: 3923: 3909: 3066:WZ-Recherche 2016. Published in article: " 2602:has played a significant role both in the 1433:came to be the easternmost portion of the 1190:from AD 976. During the 12th century, the 1073:and adopted and briefly used the name the 728: 668: 648: 3117: 2301:and the former including the dialects of 1328:), these territories were settled by the 1029:Historically, Austrians were regarded as 768: 708: 528: 448: 408: 113: 75: 2896: 2113: 2014:Austrians greeting the Nazis during the 2009: 1937: 1913: 1893: 1774: 1686: 1517: 1408:had been settled since Celtic times (as 1271:of the late La Tène period are labelled. 1247: 1139: 966: 628: 568: 548: 508: 468: 428: 368: 273: 233: 213: 133: 3708: 3661: 3444:German-speaking exiles in Great Britain 3414: 2855:American Fact Finder (US Census Bureau) 1926:question "monarchy or republic" open. ( 1425:After the defeat of the Magyars at the 1372:, and were divided into the duchies of 748: 688: 488: 348: 253: 4745: 3875: 3826: 3578:Development of the Austrian identity . 3506: 3390: 3366: 3330: 3318: 3185: 3111: 3080:Robert H. Keyserlingk (July 1, 1990). 2461:folk forms influenced Austrian music. 1507: 1087:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) 1014:originally referred to the historical 4098: 3904: 3799: 3711:"Foreign Nationals living in Austria" 3469:". Cambridge University Press. p.43. 3402: 3274: 3123: 2100:Republic of Austria (1955 to present) 1946:movement at the Stephansdom in Vienna 4124: 3280: 3229: 70:Regions with significant populations 3852: 3635: 3617:. Infobase Publishing, 2006. P. 42. 3415:Ryschka, Birgit (January 1, 2008). 3378: 3017:from the original on March 22, 2016 2155:was formed without Austria and the 2062:, as were 40% of the staff at Nazi 13: 4369:Western European broadleaf forests 3810:University of North Carolina Press 2893:(197,990 reported Austrian origin) 2365:, the largest immigrant group are 1882:Austria-Hungary § World War I 1653:(labelling the Hungarian lands as 14: 4774: 3754:, citing Austrian census figures. 2380:after naturalization in Austria ( 2357:, Austria has had high levels of 2338: 1598:excluded, still cultivated their 1114:, both the political ideology of 1055:founded as a nation-state in 1871 995:was applied to the population of 3932: 3615:Encyclopedia of European Peoples 3070:". Wiener Zeitung, January 2016. 2709: 2634:. The music in the tradition of 2525:. Writers of philosophy include 2159:in the arrangement known as the 1243: 870: 850: 830: 810: 790: 770: 750: 730: 710: 690: 670: 650: 630: 610: 590: 570: 550: 530: 510: 490: 470: 450: 430: 410: 390: 370: 350: 330: 295: 275: 255: 235: 215: 195: 175: 155: 135: 115: 95: 77: 3761: 3745: 3721: 3702: 3680: 3655: 3629: 3620: 3613:Carl Waldman, Catherine Mason. 3592: 3581: 3551: 3457: 3435: 3408: 3324: 3259: 3250: 3241: 3223: 3203: 3151: 1522:Growth of the Habsburg Monarchy 1018:, corresponding roughly to the 4324:Alps conifer and mixed forests 3859:American Philosophical Society 3666:, Amsterdam University Press, 3029: 2999: 2981: 2884: 2858: 2839: 2817: 2797: 1788:, victor over Napoleon in the 1267:The territories of some major 318:Other countries (1,000–10,000) 1: 3235:Germany and Austria 1814-2000 2790: 2755:German nationalism in Austria 2464: 2249:since German is considered a 1875: 1695: 1679:German nationalism in Austria 1322: 1112:end of World War II in Europe 55: 2810: 2110:Foreign relations of Austria 1313:people probably akin to the 1007:. In the closest sense, the 7: 4297:Military history of Austria 4287:Allied-administered Austria 2702: 2583: 2263:Österreichisches Wörterbuch 2230: 1839:. Thereby the influence of 1827:and the establishment of a 1550:the leading classes of the 1075:Republic of German-Austria 10: 4779: 3752:islamineurope.blogspot.com 3546:Bischof & Pelinka 1997 3338:; Szabo, Franz J. (eds.). 3198:Bischof & Pelinka 1997 3135:Edinburgh University Press 2587: 2548: 2544: 2474: 2468: 2423: 2417: 2406: 2402: 2342: 2234: 2103: 1879: 1861:Georg Ritter von Schönerer 1664: 1511: 1429:in 955, the East March or 1236: 1232: 1133: 1083:Republik Deutschösterreich 1045:in 1866 which resulted in 18: 4704: 4622: 4549: 4540: 4483: 4474: 4395: 4386: 4314: 4305: 4136: 4072: 3949: 3800:Bukey, Evan Burr (2002). 3689:(years 2000–2009): 3636:BBC (November 10, 2010). 3431:– via Google Books. 2785:Austria-Germany relations 2361:since the 1970s. As with 2165:Austria was considered a 1958:, the dissolution of the 1764:and the rise to power of 1713:The idea of grouping all 1610:successfully unified the 1097:annexed Austria with the 918: 913: 896: 891: 867: 847: 827: 807: 787: 767: 747: 727: 707: 687: 667: 647: 627: 607: 587: 567: 547: 527: 507: 487: 467: 447: 427: 407: 387: 367: 347: 327: 323: 316: 312: 292: 272: 252: 232: 212: 192: 172: 152: 132: 112: 92: 74: 69: 54: 49: 36: 4758:Ethnic groups in Austria 4319:Administrative divisions 4267:Federal State of Austria 3662:Bauböck, Rainer (2006), 3601:Accessed 1 October 2006. 3340:The Germans and the East 2477:List of Austrian writers 2413: 2345:Austrian nationality law 2287:Southern Austro-Bavarian 1799:, especially within the 1790:Battle of Aspern-Essling 1661:19th-century nationalism 1565:Maria Theresa of Austria 1477:) to the south, and the 1441:to the north and on the 21:Austrian nationality law 4354:Pannonian mixed forests 4257:First Austrian Republic 3884:Purdue University Press 3853:Low, Alfred D. (1974). 3344:Purdue University Press 2993:April 15, 2005, at the 2725:Demographics of Austria 2644:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 2557:Austro-Hungarian Empire 2537:and the members of the 2439:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 2283:Central Austro-Bavarian 2157:Austro-Hungarian Empire 1999:from 1934 to 1938. The 1968:Treaty of Saint-Germain 1900:First Austrian Republic 1890:First Austrian Republic 1671:Austria–Prussia rivalry 1619:Austro-Hungarian Empire 1400:from the Avars and the 1129: 1091:First Austrian Republic 1067:Austro-Hungarian Empire 1061:. In 1867, Austria was 4227:Siege of Vienna (1529) 4207:Margraviate of Austria 3876:Thaler, Peter (2001). 3783:Transaction Publishers 3491:July 18, 2009, at the 2851:February 12, 2020, at 2697:immigration to Austria 2600:Catholicism in Austria 2349:Immigration to Austria 2262: 2123: 2019: 1947: 1922: 1903: 1801:Christian Social Party 1780: 1710: 1590:in 1804 and became as 1523: 1272: 1145: 1082: 959: 64: 42: 3728:World and Its Peoples 3568:on September 28, 2007 3441:Ian Wallace (1999). " 2648:Great Mass in C minor 2424:Further information: 2251:pluricentric language 2241:High German languages 2235:Further information: 2132:Austrian State Treaty 2117: 2106:Austria victim theory 2013: 1941: 1917: 1897: 1778: 1690: 1586:formally founded the 1521: 1512:Further information: 1356:groups (principality 1251: 1143: 1134:Further information: 1093:was founded in 1919. 968:[ˈøːstəraɪçɐ] 63: 4374:World Heritage Sites 4217:Archduchy of Austria 4080:Languages of Austria 3346:. pp. 171–172. 3056:on October 20, 2013. 2660:Ludwig van Beethoven 2161:Kleindeutsche Lösung 2048:Arthur Seyss-Inquart 2022:By March 1938, with 2005:Kurt von Schuschnigg 1950:The creation of the 1797:Austrian nationalism 1731:Kleindeutsche Lösung 1719:German Confederation 1667:Austrian nationalism 1490:Archduchy of Austria 1461:) to the north, the 1336:groups in the west ( 1106:After the defeat of 1059:was not a part of it 1039:German Confederation 598:United Arab Emirates 4608:freedom of religion 4195:Ostrogothic Kingdom 4084:Religion in Austria 3463:David Art (2006). " 3188:, pp. 166–175. 2770:Studentenverbindung 2636:Viennese classicism 2608:politics of Austria 2590:Religion in Austria 2531:Ludwig Wittgenstein 2471:Austrian literature 2447:Johann Strauss, Jr. 2255:Austrian Dictionary 2090:Austrian resistance 2064:extermination camps 2044:Ernst Kaltenbrunner 1993:Austrian patriotism 1944:Austrian resistance 1928:German nationalists 1831:in 1871, headed by 1825:Franco-Prussian War 1770:Revolutions of 1848 1727:Großdeutsche Lösung 1604:Austro-Prussian war 1508:Early modern period 1502:early modern period 1471:Carinthian Slovenes 1295:kingdom, while the 1198:corresponds to the 1043:Austro-Prussian War 991:. The English term 33: 4518:Telecommunications 4262:Austrian Civil War 4242:Congress of Vienna 4237:March Constitution 4156:Kingdom of Noricum 3336:Ingrao, Charles W. 3068:Staat und Religion 2971:"Austrians abroad" 2740:Austrian Canadians 2735:Austrian Brazilian 2511:Rainer Maria Rilke 2397:Austrian Canadians 2393:Austrian Americans 2322:minority languages 2145:Moscow Declaration 2124: 2079:Moscow Declaration 2020: 2001:Engelbert Dollfuss 1948: 1923: 1904: 1781: 1766:Napoleon Bonaparte 1735:Kingdom of Prussia 1711: 1703:Kingdom of Prussia 1675:German nationalism 1524: 1494:House of Babenberg 1443:Kingdom of Hungary 1427:Battle of Lechfeld 1326: 6th century 1273: 1239:History of Austria 1188:House of Babenberg 1146: 838:Dominican Republic 65: 31: 4740: 4739: 4700: 4699: 4536: 4535: 4470: 4469: 4462:Political parties 4415:Foreign relations 4382: 4381: 4292:History of Vienna 4222:Habsburg monarchy 4146:Hallstatt culture 4092: 4091: 3893:978-1-55753-201-5 3792:978-1-56000-902-3 3736:978-0-7614-7894-2 3532:978-0-7486-3734-8 3447:". Rodopi. p.81. 3381:, pp. 14–16. 3300:on April 23, 2014 3237:. pp. 23–29. 3200:, pp. 32–63. 3144:978-0-7486-3734-8 3093:978-0-7735-0800-2 2975:Statistik Austria 2765:List of Austrians 2745:Austrian Mexicans 2730:Austrian American 2632:Thirty Years' War 2624:Catholic Monarchy 2612:House of Habsburg 2610:. It enabled the 2507:Franz Grillparzer 2483:Arthur Schnitzler 2136:national identity 1985:national identity 1956:South Slav states 1906:The last year of 1866:Habsburg monarchy 1815:Otto von Bismarck 1762:French Revolution 1608:Otto von Bismarck 1576:French Revolution 1561:Holy Roman Empire 1514:House of Habsburg 1498:House of Habsburg 1475:Burgenland Croats 1435:Holy Roman Empire 1380:and principality 1279:was divided into 1227:House of Habsburg 1200:Marcha Orientalis 1192:Marcha Orientalis 1176:Holy Roman Empire 1171:Marcha Orientalis 1124:national identity 1035:Holy Roman Empire 1022:in what is today 1001:Empire of Austria 949: 948: 887: 886: 16:People of Austria 4770: 4720: 4713: 4547: 4546: 4481: 4480: 4393: 4392: 4312: 4311: 4212:Duchy of Austria 4119: 4112: 4105: 4096: 4095: 3937: 3936: 3935: 3925: 3918: 3911: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3872: 3849: 3828:Hamann, Brigitte 3823: 3807: 3796: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3709:Staista (2018). 3706: 3700: 3684: 3678: 3676: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3618: 3611: 3602: 3596: 3590: 3585: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3564:. Archived from 3563: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3495: 3483: 3477: 3461: 3455: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3357: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3299: 3292: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3263: 3257: 3254: 3248: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3227: 3221: 3212:s.g. "Austrian, 3207: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3167:. March 12, 2008 3155: 3149: 3148: 3137:. pp. 56–. 3121: 3115: 3109: 3098: 3097: 3077: 3071: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3042: 3036: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3003: 2997: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2967: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2868:. Archived from 2862: 2856: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2821: 2804: 2801: 2780:Austrian cuisine 2775:Austrian culture 2719: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2692:Islam in Austria 2666:(1807), down to 2628:Habsburg Austria 2551:Austrian cuisine 2519:Elfriede Jelinek 2515:Adalbert Stifter 2420:Music of Austria 2409:Austrian culture 2382:dual citizenship 1976:German Bohemians 1920:Kurt Schuschnigg 1837:Balkan Peninsula 1786:Archduke Charles 1700: 1697: 1578:and the rise of 1532:Late Middle Ages 1431:March of Austria 1416:High Middle Ages 1370:Carolingian rule 1327: 1324: 1319:Migration period 1309:were an ancient 1291:. Noricum was a 1264: 1252:Overview of the 1223:Habsburg Austria 1184:Duchy of Bavaria 1016:March of Austria 997:Habsburg Austria 978: 977: 976: 970: 965: 880: 876: 874: 873: 860: 856: 854: 853: 840: 836: 834: 833: 820: 816: 814: 813: 800: 796: 794: 793: 780: 776: 774: 773: 760: 756: 754: 753: 740: 736: 734: 733: 720: 716: 714: 713: 700: 696: 694: 693: 680: 676: 674: 673: 660: 656: 654: 653: 640: 636: 634: 633: 620: 616: 614: 613: 600: 596: 594: 593: 580: 576: 574: 573: 560: 556: 554: 553: 540: 536: 534: 533: 520: 516: 514: 513: 500: 496: 494: 493: 480: 476: 474: 473: 460: 456: 454: 453: 440: 436: 434: 433: 420: 416: 414: 413: 400: 396: 394: 393: 380: 376: 374: 373: 360: 356: 354: 353: 340: 336: 334: 333: 314: 313: 305: 301: 299: 298: 285: 281: 279: 278: 265: 261: 259: 258: 245: 241: 239: 238: 225: 221: 219: 218: 205: 201: 199: 198: 185: 181: 179: 178: 165: 161: 159: 158: 145: 141: 139: 138: 125: 121: 119: 118: 105: 101: 99: 98: 87: 83: 81: 80: 57: 50:Total population 34: 30: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4753:Austrian people 4743: 4742: 4741: 4736: 4723: 4716: 4709: 4696: 4687:Public holidays 4682:National anthem 4618: 4559:Austrian people 4532: 4466: 4378: 4301: 4247:Austria-Hungary 4232:Austrian Empire 4185:Germanic tribes 4132: 4123: 4093: 4088: 4068: 3945: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3894: 3869: 3846: 3820: 3793: 3769:Bischof, Günter 3764: 3759: 3758: 3750: 3746: 3726: 3722: 3707: 3703: 3685: 3681: 3674: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3634: 3630: 3625: 3621: 3612: 3605: 3597: 3593: 3586: 3582: 3571: 3569: 3561: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3533: 3517: 3513: 3505: 3498: 3493:Wayback Machine 3484: 3480: 3462: 3458: 3440: 3436: 3429: 3413: 3409: 3401: 3397: 3389: 3385: 3377: 3373: 3365: 3361: 3354: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3290: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3242: 3228: 3224: 3208: 3204: 3196: 3192: 3184: 3180: 3170: 3168: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3122: 3118: 3114:, pp. 72–. 3110: 3101: 3094: 3078: 3074: 3065: 3061: 3044: 3043: 3039: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2995:Wayback Machine 2986: 2982: 2969: 2968: 2897: 2889: 2885: 2875: 2873: 2872:on June 5, 2013 2864: 2863: 2859: 2844: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2750:Austro-Bavarian 2715: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2664:Mass in C major 2592: 2586: 2553: 2547: 2497:, and of poets 2491:Thomas Bernhard 2479: 2473: 2467: 2428: 2426:Music of Vienna 2422: 2416: 2411: 2405: 2351: 2343:Main articles: 2341: 2271:Austro-Bavarian 2247:Austrian German 2243: 2237:German language 2233: 2219:states such as 2169:of Nazi Germany 2112: 2102: 2060:Odilo Globocnik 1989:"German nation" 1902:outlined in red 1892: 1880:Main articles: 1878: 1723:German Question 1707:Austrian Empire 1698: 1685: 1665:Main articles: 1663: 1629:, and parts of 1588:Austrian Empire 1516: 1510: 1486:feudal politics 1447:Austro-Bavarian 1437:, bordering on 1325: 1266: 1262: 1246: 1241: 1235: 1186:, ruled by the 1138: 1136:Name of Austria 1132: 972: 971: 963: 941: 936: 932: 927: 922: 903:Austro-Bavarian 900: 871: 869: 851: 849: 831: 829: 811: 809: 791: 789: 771: 769: 751: 749: 731: 729: 711: 709: 691: 689: 671: 669: 651: 649: 631: 629: 611: 609: 591: 589: 571: 569: 551: 549: 531: 529: 511: 509: 491: 489: 471: 469: 451: 449: 431: 429: 411: 409: 391: 389: 371: 369: 351: 349: 331: 329: 319: 296: 294: 276: 274: 256: 254: 236: 234: 216: 214: 196: 194: 176: 174: 156: 154: 136: 134: 116: 114: 96: 94: 78: 76: 45: 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4776: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4734: 4729: 4722: 4721: 4714: 4706: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4628: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4616: 4611: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4550: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4438: 4437: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4400:Climate change 4396: 4390: 4384: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4252:German Austria 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4203: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4182: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4160: 4159: 4158: 4148: 4142: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4122: 4121: 4114: 4107: 4099: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4086: 4077: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3928: 3927: 3920: 3913: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3892: 3873: 3867: 3850: 3845:978-1848852778 3844: 3824: 3818: 3797: 3791: 3773:Pelinka, Anton 3763: 3760: 3757: 3756: 3744: 3720: 3701: 3697: 3696: 3693: 3679: 3672: 3654: 3628: 3619: 3603: 3591: 3580: 3550: 3548:, pp. 3–. 3538: 3531: 3511: 3496: 3478: 3456: 3434: 3427: 3421:. Peter Lang. 3407: 3395: 3393:, p. 282. 3383: 3371: 3369:, p. 238. 3359: 3352: 3332:Suppan, Arnold 3323: 3321:, p. 394. 3311: 3279: 3267: 3258: 3249: 3240: 3231:Allinson, Mark 3222: 3202: 3190: 3178: 3150: 3143: 3116: 3099: 3092: 3072: 3059: 3050:derStandard.at 3037: 3028: 2998: 2980: 2895: 2883: 2857: 2846:Results 2838: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2717:Austria portal 2704: 2701: 2688:(as of 2005). 2668:Anton Bruckner 2588:Main article: 2585: 2582: 2549:Main article: 2546: 2543: 2469:Main article: 2466: 2463: 2443:Franz Schubert 2418:Main article: 2415: 2412: 2407:Main article: 2404: 2401: 2374:naturalization 2355:Central Europe 2340: 2339:Naturalization 2337: 2232: 2229: 2193:Czech Republic 2181:Celtic culture 2101: 2098: 1933:German Austria 1877: 1874: 1760:following the 1758:Central Europe 1739:German dualism 1701:) showing the 1692:Central Europe 1662: 1659: 1655:Transleithania 1627:Czech Republic 1600:Kleinstaaterei 1582:, the emperor 1509: 1506: 1404:. The site of 1386:Avar Khaganate 1261: 1245: 1242: 1237:Main article: 1234: 1231: 1217:The adjective 1131: 1128: 947: 946: 945:or other (24%) 925:Roman Catholic 916: 915: 911: 910: 894: 893: 889: 888: 885: 884: 881: 865: 864: 861: 845: 844: 841: 825: 824: 821: 805: 804: 801: 785: 784: 781: 765: 764: 761: 745: 744: 741: 725: 724: 721: 705: 704: 701: 685: 684: 681: 665: 664: 661: 645: 644: 641: 625: 624: 621: 605: 604: 601: 585: 584: 581: 565: 564: 561: 545: 544: 541: 525: 524: 521: 505: 504: 501: 485: 484: 481: 465: 464: 461: 445: 444: 441: 425: 424: 421: 405: 404: 401: 398:Czech Republic 385: 384: 381: 365: 364: 361: 345: 344: 341: 325: 324: 321: 320: 317: 310: 309: 306: 290: 289: 286: 270: 269: 266: 250: 249: 246: 230: 229: 226: 210: 209: 206: 203:United Kingdom 190: 189: 186: 170: 169: 166: 150: 149: 146: 130: 129: 126: 110: 109: 106: 90: 89: 72: 71: 67: 66: 58:8–8.5 million 52: 51: 47: 46: 37: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4775: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4719: 4715: 4712: 4708: 4707: 4703: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4579:Ethnic groups 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4385: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4304: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4272:Austrofascism 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4186: 4183: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4120: 4115: 4113: 4108: 4106: 4101: 4100: 4097: 4085: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4071: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3939:Ethnic groups 3926: 3921: 3919: 3914: 3912: 3907: 3906: 3903: 3895: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3880: 3874: 3870: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3851: 3847: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3815: 3811: 3806: 3805: 3798: 3794: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3774: 3770: 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2330: 2326: 2323: 2318: 2316: 2315:Lower Austria 2312: 2311:Upper Austria 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2242: 2238: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2185: 2182: 2178: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2153:German Empire 2150: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2128:Allied Powers 2121: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2056:Otto Skorzeny 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2030: 2025: 2017: 2012: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1997:Austrofascism 1994: 1990: 1986: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1952:Czecho-Slovak 1945: 1940: 1936: 1934: 1929: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1856: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1841:pan-Germanism 1838: 1834: 1830: 1829:German Empire 1826: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1777: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1708: 1704: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1683:Pan-Germanism 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1623:dual monarchy 1620: 1615: 1613: 1612:German Empire 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1520: 1515: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1481:to the east. 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1320: 1317:. During the 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1270: 1269:Celtic tribes 1259: 1255: 1250: 1244:Early history 1240: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1204:Upper Austria 1201: 1197: 1196:Lower Austria 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1172: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1151: 1142: 1137: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1116:pan-Germanism 1113: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1101: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1025: 1024:Lower Austria 1021: 1017: 1013: 1012: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 975: 969: 961: 957: 953: 944: 939: 935: 931: 926: 921: 920:Historically: 917: 912: 908: 904: 899: 895: 890: 882: 879: 866: 862: 859: 846: 842: 839: 826: 822: 819: 806: 802: 799: 786: 782: 779: 766: 762: 759: 746: 742: 739: 726: 722: 719: 706: 702: 699: 686: 682: 679: 666: 662: 659: 646: 642: 639: 626: 622: 619: 618:Liechtenstein 606: 602: 599: 586: 582: 579: 566: 562: 559: 546: 542: 539: 526: 522: 519: 506: 502: 499: 486: 482: 479: 466: 462: 459: 446: 442: 439: 426: 422: 419: 406: 402: 399: 386: 382: 379: 366: 362: 359: 346: 342: 339: 326: 322: 315: 311: 307: 304: 291: 287: 284: 271: 267: 264: 251: 247: 244: 231: 227: 224: 211: 207: 204: 191: 187: 184: 171: 167: 164: 151: 147: 144: 131: 127: 124: 111: 107: 104: 103:United States 91: 86: 73: 68: 62: 53: 48: 44: 40: 35: 26: 22: 4642:Coat of arms 4632:Architecture 4599:Prostitution 4569:Demographics 4558: 4447:Legal system 4425:Human rights 4405:Constitution 4200:East Francia 3958: 3878: 3854: 3836:Tauris Parke 3831: 3803: 3777: 3762:Bibliography 3747: 3727: 3723: 3714: 3704: 3687:statistik.at 3682: 3663: 3657: 3647:November 10, 3645:. Retrieved 3641: 3631: 3622: 3614: 3594: 3583: 3570:. Retrieved 3566:the original 3553: 3541: 3521: 3514: 3481: 3464: 3459: 3442: 3437: 3417: 3410: 3405:, p. 8. 3398: 3386: 3374: 3362: 3339: 3326: 3314: 3302:. Retrieved 3295:the original 3282: 3277:, p. 6. 3270: 3261: 3252: 3243: 3234: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3205: 3193: 3181: 3169:. Retrieved 3164:Der Standard 3162: 3153: 3129: 3119: 3082: 3075: 3062: 3054:the original 3049: 3040: 3031: 3019:. Retrieved 3010: 3001: 2983: 2974: 2886: 2874:. Retrieved 2870:the original 2860: 2841: 2829:. Retrieved 2819: 2799: 2690: 2686:nonreligious 2676: 2652:Joseph Haydn 2593: 2554: 2523:Peter Handke 2503:Franz Werfel 2495:Robert Musil 2487:Stefan Zweig 2480: 2429: 2389: 2386: 2372:The rate of 2371: 2352: 2319: 2244: 2186: 2173: 2166: 2141: 2125: 2119: 2087: 2083: 2075:Adolf Schärf 2068: 2052:Franz Stangl 2040:Adolf Hitler 2033: 2027: 2021: 2015: 1988: 1981: 1949: 1942:Sign of the 1924: 1905: 1857: 1853: 1822: 1819: 1805: 1794: 1782: 1743: 1730: 1726: 1712: 1705:(blue), the 1651:Cisleithania 1616: 1591: 1573: 1567:and her son 1557: 1525: 1483: 1424: 1409: 1398:East Francia 1393: 1296: 1274: 1218: 1216: 1208:German state 1199: 1191: 1178:). It was a 1169: 1163: 1159: 1153: 1147: 1108:Nazi Germany 1105: 1098: 1095:Nazi Germany 1028: 1020:Vienna Basin 1010: 1005:Cisleithania 992: 960:Österreicher 951: 950: 933: 919: 160: 43:Österreicher 28:Ethnic group 25: 4594:Pornography 4584:Health care 4488:Agriculture 4442:LGBT rights 4435:enforcement 4019:Macedonians 3507:Thaler 2001 3391:Hamann 2010 3367:Hamann 2010 3319:Hamann 2010 3186:Thaler 2001 3125:Wodak, Ruth 3112:Thaler 2001 2827:(in German) 2606:and in the 2535:Karl Popper 2499:Georg Trakl 2359:immigration 2215:and former 1918:Chancellor 1908:World War I 1870:Karl Lueger 1699: 1820 1548:germanizing 1463:South Slavs 1420:March river 1305:stock. The 1180:margraviate 943:Irreligious 878:South Korea 818:Philippines 798:New Zealand 338:Netherlands 163:Switzerland 4747:Categories 4662:Literature 4457:Parliament 4420:Government 4339:Ecoregions 4029:Portuguese 4009:Hungarians 3979:Bulgarians 3969:Armenians‎ 3868:0871691035 3819:0807853631 3403:Bukey 2002 3275:Bukey 2002 2791:References 2678:Secularism 2620:its empire 2527:Ernst Mach 2475:See also: 2465:Literature 2307:Burgenland 2279:Vorarlberg 2275:Allemannic 2104:See also: 1972:Vorarlberg 1960:real union 1876:World Wars 1849:Otto Bauer 1812:chancellor 1754:Metternich 1574:After the 1492:under the 1479:Hungarians 1451:West Slavs 1390:East March 1382:Carantania 1358:Carantania 1352:), and by 1342:Vorarlberg 1332:and other 1260:cultures: 1165:Ostarrîchi 1160:Österreich 1071:rump state 1057:, Austria 1041:until the 979:) are the 964:pronounced 923:primarily 858:Luxembourg 4763:Baiuvarii 4589:Languages 4574:Education 4528:Transport 4498:Companies 4410:Elections 4349:Mountains 4334:Districts 4307:Geography 4277:Anschluss 4163:Roman Era 3999:Filipinos 3974:Assyrians 3959:Austrians 3954:Albanians 3021:August 6, 2876:April 25, 2811:Citations 2561:Hungarian 2459:Hungarian 2435:Habsburgs 2333:Hungarian 2295:Carinthia 2120:Anschluss 2029:Anschluss 2018:in Vienna 2016:Anschluss 1991:by most, 1886:Anschluss 1606:in 1866, 1569:Joseph II 1411:Vindobona 1330:Bavarians 1315:Etruscans 1277:Roman era 1254:Hallstatt 1103:in 1938. 1100:Anschluss 1065:into the 993:Austrians 985:nationals 952:Austrians 938:Christian 934:Nowadays: 928:minority 907:Alemannic 892:Languages 303:Argentina 183:Australia 88:7,427,759 32:Austrians 4727:Category 4604:Religion 4554:Abortion 4513:Taxation 4452:Military 4388:Politics 4190:Rugiland 4173:Pannonia 4130:articles 4076:See also 4054:Slovenes 4039:Russians 3984:Chechens 3830:(2010). 3775:(1997). 3642:BBC News 3572:July 22, 3489:Archived 3379:Low 1974 3171:July 14, 3127:(2009). 3015:Archived 2991:Archived 2849:Archived 2831:June 14, 2703:See also 2682:Lutheran 2674:(1903). 2614:to rule 2596:Catholic 2584:Religion 2453:period, 2329:Croatian 2231:Language 2217:Yugoslav 2201:Slovakia 2189:Slovenia 2149:Habsburg 1808:Prussian 1750:Dalmatia 1631:Slovenia 1584:Franz II 1580:Napoleon 1528:Habsburg 1467:Slovenes 1346:Lombards 1338:Alemanni 1334:Germanic 1307:Raetians 1303:Illyrian 1301:were of 1298:Pannonii 1289:Pannonia 1219:Austrian 1202:, while 1155:Austrian 1110:and the 1063:reformed 1037:and the 981:citizens 930:Lutheran 914:Religion 738:Thailand 678:Colombia 658:Portugal 4711:Outline 4672:Museums 4647:Cuisine 4624:Culture 4542:Society 4523:Tourism 4493:Banking 4476:Economy 4282:Ostmark 4168:Noricum 4138:History 4126:Austria 4059:Syrians 4049:Slovaks 4024:Nepalis 3994:Czechs‎ 3943:Austria 3304:July 9, 2672:Te Deum 2630:in the 2604:culture 2573:Italian 2545:Cuisine 2451:Baroque 2403:Culture 2363:Germany 2325:Slovene 2221:Croatia 2205:Romania 2197:Hungary 2035:Ostmark 1964:Hungary 1845:Germans 1833:Prussia 1746:Galicia 1715:Germans 1647:Croatia 1639:Ukraine 1596:Prussia 1592:Franz I 1544:Magyars 1540:Bohemia 1536:Hungary 1459:Slovaks 1439:Moravia 1402:Magyars 1394:Ostmark 1388:. The " 1378:Bavaria 1285:Noricum 1258:La Tène 1233:History 1212:Bavaria 1182:of the 1150:English 1051:Germany 1047:Prussia 1031:Germans 1011:Austria 989:Austria 778:Croatia 718:Denmark 538:Romania 458:Belgium 418:Hungary 308:10,500 148:197,990 128:345,620 123:Germany 108:684,184 85:Austria 4732:Portal 4637:Cinema 4508:Mining 4503:Energy 4364:States 4359:Rivers 4329:Cities 4178:Raetia 4128: 4034:Romani 4004:Greeks 3989:Croats 3890: 3865: 3842: 3816: 3789: 3740:p. 921 3734: 3677:p. 58. 3670: 3529: 3473: 3451: 3425: 3350: 3141: 3090: 2656:masses 2640:sacral 2577:Polish 2569:Jewish 2513:, and 2493:, and 2455:Slavic 2431:Vienna 2378:Turkey 2313:, and 2303:Vienna 2299:Styria 2297:, and 2259:German 2225:Serbia 2213:Turkey 2209:Poland 2207:, and 2191:, the 2177:Celtic 2167:victim 2071:Hitler 2058:, and 1888:, and 1681:, and 1645:, and 1635:Poland 1455:Czechs 1406:Vienna 1374:Swabia 1354:Slavic 1311:alpine 1293:Celtic 1281:Raetia 1263: 1120:Nazism 1089:. The 1079:German 956:German 898:German 883:1,000 875: 855: 835: 815: 795: 775: 755: 735: 715: 695: 675: 655: 638:Poland 635: 615: 595: 578:Serbia 575: 558:Norway 555: 535: 518:Mexico 515: 495: 478:Turkey 475: 455: 438:Sweden 435: 415: 395: 378:Turkey 375: 355: 335: 300: 288:12,500 283:Brazil 280: 268:13,000 260: 248:18,200 243:Israel 240: 228:20,000 223:France 220: 208:39,600 200: 188:45,530 180: 168:67,000 143:Canada 140: 120: 100: 82: 39:German 4718:Index 4692:Sport 4677:Music 4667:Media 4614:Women 4564:Crime 4344:Lakes 4151:Celts 4064:Turks 4044:Serbs 3964:Arabs 3699:2010. 3562:(PDF) 3298:(PDF) 3291:(PDF) 2622:as a 2616:Spain 2565:Czech 2414:Music 2367:Turks 2291:Tyrol 2094:NSDAP 2032:) as 1962:with 1643:Italy 1552:Czech 1366:Avars 1350:Tyrol 1152:word 1009:term 940:(68%) 863:1,000 843:1,100 823:1,400 803:1,500 783:1,500 763:1,500 758:China 743:1,600 723:1,600 703:1,600 698:Chile 683:1,700 663:1,700 643:2,500 623:2,500 603:3,000 583:3,000 563:3,100 543:3,200 523:3,200 503:3,200 498:Egypt 483:3,700 463:4,400 443:4,500 423:5,000 403:5,000 383:5,500 363:8,500 358:Italy 343:9,900 263:Spain 4657:Flag 4651:wine 4014:Jews 3888:ISBN 3863:ISBN 3840:ISBN 3814:ISBN 3787:ISBN 3732:ISBN 3668:ISBN 3649:2010 3574:2009 3527:ISBN 3471:ISBN 3449:ISBN 3423:ISBN 3348:ISBN 3306:2014 3216:and 3214:adj. 3173:2014 3139:ISBN 3088:ISBN 3023:2023 2878:2015 2833:2021 2618:and 2575:and 2521:and 2457:and 2445:and 2347:and 2331:and 2320:The 2277:(in 2273:and 2239:and 2223:and 2108:and 2088:The 2024:Nazi 1954:and 1823:The 1748:and 1538:and 1526:The 1364:and 1362:Huns 1287:and 1256:and 1148:The 1130:Name 1053:was 983:and 4430:Law 3941:in 3210:OED 2670:'s 2662:'s 2654:'s 2646:'s 2638:is 2285:or 1392:" ( 1360:), 1348:in 1340:in 1214:). 1210:of 987:of 4749:: 4082:, 3886:. 3882:. 3861:. 3857:. 3838:. 3834:. 3812:. 3808:. 3785:. 3781:. 3771:; 3738:, 3713:. 3640:. 3606:^ 3499:^ 3342:. 3233:. 3218:n. 3161:. 3133:. 3102:^ 3013:. 3009:. 2973:. 2898:^ 2650:, 2598:. 2571:, 2567:, 2563:, 2541:. 2533:, 2529:, 2509:, 2505:, 2501:, 2489:, 2485:, 2441:, 2395:, 2327:, 2309:, 2305:, 2293:, 2261:: 2227:. 2203:, 2199:, 2195:, 2066:. 2054:, 2050:, 2046:, 2042:, 1884:, 1741:. 1696:c. 1677:, 1673:, 1669:, 1641:, 1637:, 1633:, 1571:. 1504:. 1473:, 1469:, 1457:, 1376:, 1344:, 1323:c. 1283:, 1081:: 1026:. 962:, 958:: 905:, 56:c. 41:: 4653:) 4649:( 4610:) 4606:( 4118:e 4111:t 4104:v 3924:e 3917:t 3910:v 3896:. 3871:. 3848:. 3822:. 3795:. 3742:. 3717:. 3651:. 3576:. 3535:. 3509:. 3356:. 3308:. 3220:" 3175:. 3147:. 3096:. 3025:. 2977:. 2880:. 2835:. 2391:( 2257:( 2003:/ 1931:" 1694:( 1465:( 1453:( 1321:( 1077:( 954:( 909:) 901:( 23:.

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