Austrians - Knowledge

2022: 72: 763: 984: 188: 168: 603: 843: 148: 1530: 463: 403: 208: 823: 1699: 343: 108: 623: 2126: 803: 883: 1926: 863: 308: 743: 683: 663: 2722: 783: 423: 3945: 723: 543: 90: 583: 483: 383: 248: 1906: 563: 523: 1787: 703: 503: 128: 443: 1950: 643: 288: 228: 363: 268: 1260: 1152: 1660:, was bound together by the common constitution of 1867, stating that all subjects now would carry "uniform Austrian citizenship" and have the same fundamental rights. These non-Hungarian lands were not officially called the Austrian Empire. Until 1915, they were officially called "the Kingdoms and States Represented in the Imperial Council" and politicians used the technical term 2088:, from 1945 party president and vice-chancellor and from 1957 federal president of Austria, was visited by German friends who wanted to talk about post-war government, he spontaneously explained to his surprised visitors, "love for Germany has been put out in Austrians". When the allies declared that they would reestablish an independent Austrian state after their victory (the 1636:, acknowledging the Kingdom of Hungary as an independent state bound to the remaining part of the empire, as well independent, by a personal and real union, the Emperor of Austria being the Apostolic King of Hungary (with both titles on the same level). The Austrian half, a patchwork of crown-lands, broadly coterminous with the modern-day Austria, the 2395:). After 2007, the rate of naturalizations has decreased due to a stricter nationality law enacted by the Austrian legislature. During the 2000s, an average number of 27,127 foreign nationals per year was naturalized as Austrian citizens, compared to an average 67,688 children per year born with Austrian nationality. 1921:

saw the collapse of Habsburg authority throughout an increasingly greater part of its empire. On October 16, 1918, emperor Karl I invited the nations of Austria to create national councils, with the aim to instigate a restructuring of the state under Habsburg rule. The nations followed the invitation

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On October 21, the German members of the Austrian parliament, elected in 1911, met in Vienna to found the Provisional National Assembly of German Austria ("Provisorische Nationalversammlung für Deutschösterreich"). On October 30, 1918, they installed the first German Austrian government, leaving the

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The Austro-Hungarian Empire created ethnic conflict between the German Austrians and the other ethnic groups of the empire. Many pan-German movements in the empire desired the reinforcement of an ethnic German identity and that the empire would collapse and allow for a quick annexation of Austria to

1998:, and also by a fear that the new state, stripped of its one-time imperial possessions, and surrounded by potentially hostile nation-states, would not be economically viable. An Austrian identity emerged to some degree during the First Republic, and although Austria was still considered part of the 1869:

While the high bureaucracy of Austria and many Austrian army officers considered themselves "black-yellow" (the Habsburg colours), i.e. loyal to the dynasty, the term "German Austria" (Deutschösterreich) was a term used in the press to mean all the Austrian districts with an ethnic German majority

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Political debate now centred on the nature of a possible future German state to replace the Confederation, and part of that debate concerned the issue of whether or not the Austrian lands had a place in the German polity. When Emperor Franz Joseph I ordered to build a monument in Vienna in 1860 to

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In contrast, the Austrian political elite referred to their experiences in concentration camps and in prison, which had brought out a desire for the lost independence of the Austrian state. Kreissler (1993) writes: "It was not until after the (long dark) night of the Third Reich that Austrian

2095:

Though the Allied forces treated Austria as a belligerent party in the war and maintained occupation of it after the Nazi capitulation, they accepted the Declaration of Independence which Austrian politicians had signed at Vienna's city hall on April 27, 1945, and they made the first national

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The term Austrian in these times was used for identifying subjects of the Domus Austriae, the House of Austria, as the dynasty was called in Europe, regardless of their ethnic ancestry. Although not formally a united state, the lands ruled by the Habsburgs would sometimes be known by the name

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Unlike earlier in the 20th century, in 1987 only 6% of Austrians identified themselves as "Germans". Today over 90% of the Austrians see themselves as an independent nation. The logic of the existence of an independent Austrian state is no longer questioned as it was in the inter-war period.

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to exist. It is said that Celtic Austria became culturally Romanized under Roman rule and later culturally Germanized after Germanic invasions. Contemporary Austrians express pride in having Celtic heritage and Austria possesses one of the largest collections of Celtic artifacts in Europe.

1946:", reflecting the republic being the German part of the old Austria and showing the popular desire to unite with the new German republic. On November 12, 1918, the provisional national assembly voted for the republic and for unification with Germany with a large majority. 1941:

and social democrats favoured the republic, the Christian Socialists wanted to keep the monarchy.) This government in the first days of November took over the duties of the last imperial-royal government in a peaceful way. Initially the new state adopted the name

2901: 1985:'s wish to unite with Switzerland was also ignored. On October 21, 1919, the state changed its name accordingly. Many German Austrian communities were left scattered throughout the other new states, especially in Czechoslovakia, where more than 3 million 1989:

had not been allowed to become part of the new Austrian state, as well as in the southern part of Tyrol which now found itself part of Italy. In total, more than 3.5 million German-speaking Austrians were forced to remain outside the Austrian state.

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The rate of naturalizations was at about 7,700 per year during the 1980s. It rose to 16,000 in 1997, 25,000 in 1999, peaking at 45,000 in 2003. Since 2004 the figure has shown a decreasing trend, falling back to a 1970s level (below 7,000) by

1574:(the imperial institutions of which were themselves controlled for much of their later existence by the Habsburgs). However, the second half of the 18th century saw an increasingly centralised state begin to develop under the reign of 2876: 1874:

and his followers agitated against the "multi-national" Austro-Hungarian Empire and advocated for German Austria to join the German Empire. Although many Austrians shared the same views, a lot of them still showed allegiance to the

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elections possible in the autumn of that year. By the end of 1945, Austria, under the supervision of the Allied Council in Vienna, had a democratic parliament and government again, acknowledged by all four allied occupation zones.

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Consequently, an increasing portion of Austrians is not descended from the historical populations of Austria. While the term "ethnic Austrian" has mostly been reserved for the context of overseas emigration from Austria

2049:. In 1942 the name was changed to the "Alpen-und Donau-Reichsgaue" ("Alpine and Danubian Gaue"), thus eradicating any links with a special Austrian past. Some of the most prominent Nazis were native Austrians, including 1993:

The collapse of the empire caused an apparent struggle for some German Austrians between an "Austrian" and a "German" character. The idea of unifying Austria with Germany was motivated both by a sense of a common German

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people as well. The common German identity of lands such as Carinthia, Styria, or Tyrol, and the ruling dynasty made it easier for these lands to accept the central government set up in Vienna in the mid-18th century.

1977:, and the post-war treaties imposed by the victorious Allies combined to see the newly established Austrian republic both with the boundaries it has today, and a largely homogeneous German-speaking population. In the 2280:. Thus, all websites, official announcements and most of the media are carried out in Austrian German. In terms of native language, it is generally not Austrian German that is used, but instead local dialects of the 2705:

has grown rapidly during the 1990s and 2000s, rising from 0.8% in 1971 to an estimated 6% in 2010, overtaking the traditional size of the Lutheran community in Austria. This rapid growth was due to the significant

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took time to develop. In a 1956 survey, 46% of Austrians still considered themselves to be Germans. Another survey carried out in 1964 revealed that only 15% of Austrians still considered themselves to be Germans.

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cuisines, from which both dishes and methods of food preparation have often been borrowed. Goulash is one example of this. Austrian cuisine is known primarily in the rest of the world for its pastries and sweets.

1981:, in September 1919 the union with Germany was prohibited, and the new republic's name "Deutschösterreich" was prohibited by the treaty; instead the term "Republic of Austria" was used. The westernmost province 2154:

identity was brought back to consciousness by resistance and exile". Austrians developed a self-image unambiguously separate from their German neighbour. It was based on cultural achievements of the past, the

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resulted in military defeat of the Austrians in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and the collapse of the Confederation, both effectively ending any future Austrian influence on German political events.

1922:(the Czechs had founded their national council already before the invitation) but ignored the will of the emperor to keep them in a restructured Austrian state. Their goal was total independence. 2145:

between Austria and them was signed to end occupation and to regain Austrian sovereignty. Immediately after 1945 the majority of Austrians still saw themselves as Germans, as a broader Austrian

2880: 1858:(and were counted as such in the censuses). After Bismarck had excluded Austria from Germany, many Austrians faced a dilemma about their identity which prompted the Social Democratic Leader 2859: 1767:

unanimously dominated the confederation. The developing sense of a German nationality had been accelerated massively as a consequence of the political turmoil and wars that engulfed

1557:' cultural and political preponderance in multi-ethnic Hungary than Bohemia, on three sides surrounded by German neighbours, which underwent a period of intense German colonisation, 1720:(yellow) and other independent German states (grey). The red line marks the border of the German Confederation; both Prussia and Austria controlled lands outside the Confederation. 2981: 2444:, the capital city of Austria has long been an important center of musical innovation. Composers of the 18th and 19th centuries were drawn to the city by the patronage of the 1862:

to state that the dilemma was "the conflict between our Austrian and German character." The state as a whole tried to work out a sense of a distinctively Austrian identity.

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Germany. Although it was precisely because of Bismarck's policies that Austria and the German Austrians were excluded from Germany, many Austrian pan-Germans idolized him.

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has been on the rise since the 1980s. An estimated 66% of Austrians adhered to Roman Catholicism in 2009, compared to 78% in 1991 and 89% in 1961. There is a traditional

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that identified Austrians on the basis of their predominantly Catholic religious identity as opposed to the predominantly Protestant religious identity of the Prussians.

3267:("Ich bin ein Deutscher Fürst") Walter Wiltschegg: Österreich, der "zweite deutsche Staat"?: der nationale Gedanke in der Ersten Republik, Stocker, 1992, p. 41 (German) 1240:" (the junior branch emerging from the dynastic split into Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs in 1521), but from the 18th century also "a native or inhabitant of Austria". 1511:

after 1278 and throughout the 14th and 15th centuries. The various populations of these territories were not unified under the single name of "Austrians" before the

2328:. The vast majority of Austrians are however able to speak Austrian Standard German in addition to their native dialect, as it is taught in all modern day schools. 1495:

The unification of the various territories of Austria outside of the March of Austria proper (i.e. parts of Bavaria, Swabia and Carinthia) was a gradual process of

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of 1943) the only Austrians who heard them were those secretly listening to enemy broadcasts ("Feindsender"), which was a criminal offence and heavily prosecuted.

1779:. Although the years of peace after Napoleon's fall quickly saw German nationalism largely pushed out of the public political arena by reactionary absolutism, the 2018:

government accepted that Austria was a "German state" and believed Austrians were "better Germans", but strongly opposed the annexing of Austria to Nazi Germany.

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the first Austrian emperor. For the first time the citizens of the various territories were now subjects of the one same state, while most of the German states,

2129:"Red-White-Red Book" which was published by the Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1946. The book describes the accepted version of the events during the 1763:) were members of the German Confederation since 1815 as they had been part of the Holy Roman Empire until 1806. Until 1848, Austria and its chancellor Prince 2256:

Austrians have historically spoken the German language. The sole official language at the federal level of Austria is German, and the standard used is called

3025: 1732:, especially in the two most powerful German states, Austria and Prussia. The question of how a unified Germany was to be formed was a matter of debate. The 2835: 4518: 1606: 2856: 1831:

When asked by Edward VII to abandon Austria-Hungary's alliance with Germany for co-operation with England, Franz Joseph replied "I am a German prince."

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was diminished in the Habsburg territories, but as the term "Austrians" still was used supra-national, German-speaking Austrians considered themselves

1570:"Austria". In reality they remained a disparate range of semi-autonomous states, most of which were part of the complex network of states that was the 3569: 2492:

Complementing its status as a land of artists, Austria has always been a country of great poets, writers, and novelists. It was the home of novelists

3721: 2277: 1668:). The general public called them Austria, and in 1915, the non-parliamentary Cisleithanian government decreed to use this term officially, too. 2107:

members in Austria. The sign of the Austrian resistance was O5, where the 5 stands for E and OE is the abbreviation of Österreich with Ö as OE.

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in 1809, it carried the dedication "To the persistent fighter for Germany's honour", to underline the Germanic mission of the House of Austria.

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Habsburg influence over the German Confederation, which was strongest in the southern member states, was rivalled by the increasingly powerful

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Spohn, Willfried (2005), "Austria: From Habsburg Empire to a Small Nation in Europe", Entangled identities: nations and Europe, Ashgate, p. 61

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speaking majority population of Austria throughout their early modern and modern history remained characterized by their neighbourhood to the

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Constructing and Deconstructing National Identity: Dramatic Discourse in Tom Murphy's The Patriot Game and Felix Mitterer's In Der Löwengrube

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or "the Little Germany Solution". It proved favourable for Austrians not to be held guilty for World War II, genocide and war crimes, since

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to the Nazi rule started with the Anschluss in 1938. Historians estimate that there were about 100,000 members of resistance facing 700,000

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and hoped for Austria to remain an independent country. Although not as radical as Schönerer and his followers, populists such as

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etc.), it can more recently also be used to distinguish the indigenous population from the naturalized immigrant population.

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After Austria was excluded from Germany in 1866, the following year Austria joined Hungary as a dual empire known as the

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and pointedly excluding any of the Austrian lands, let the state turn away from Germany and turn its gaze towards the

4768: 3919: 3697: 3682: 3485: 3463: 3437: 3362: 2380:. An estimated total of 350,000 ethnic Turks lived in Austria in 2010, accounting for 3% of the Austrian population. 2021: 1796: 1811: 3017: 2398:

Today, the largest group of foreign nationals are Germans. As of January 2018 - 186,891 Germans lived in Austria.

1740:), which was promoted by the Austrian Empire and its supporters. On the other hand, the "Lesser German solution" ( 1736:

was to be solved by either unifying all German-speaking peoples under one state as the "Greater German solution" (

3345:(2008). "′Germans′ in the Habsburg Empire: Language, Imperial Ideology, National Identity, and Assimilation". In 17: 1080:. After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918 at the end of World War I, Austria was reduced to a 4618: 4334: 4024: 3877: 3869: 3828: 2666: 2566:

Austrian cuisine, which is often incorrectly equated with Viennese cuisine, is derived from the cuisine of the

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The idea of uniting all ethnic Germans into one nation-state began to be challenged in Austria by the rise of

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Austria's multicultural history and geographical location has resulted in post-Soviet era immigration from

2120: 1744:) advocated only to unify the northern German states and exclude Austria; this proposal was favored by the 1545:, greatly increased their political prestige and power with the acquisition of the lands of the crowns of 4552: 4307: 2674: 1681: 1181: 1010:

from the 17th or 18th century. Subsequently, during the 19th century, it referred to the citizens of the

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and the Tiroler Außerfern) family. The Austro-Bavarian dialects are considered to belong either to the

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corresponds to the eastern half of the core territory of Bavaria (the western half forming part of the

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Births (Austrian nationality): 67694, 65741, 68474, 67861, 69902, 69023, 68662, 66864, 67348, 65312.

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Except a brief period in the 16th century, when much of what is now eastern Austria turned Lutheran.

1883:

used anti-semitism and pan-Germanism as a form of populism to further their own political purposes.

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minority, accounting for 4% of the population in 2009 (down from 6% in 1961). An estimated 17% are

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in 1871, which was Prussian-dominated, without the inclusion of Austria and the German Austrians.

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The end of World War II in 1945 saw the re-establishment of an independent Austria, although the

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was encouraged by the anti-Nazi/anti-Socialist clerico-authoritarianist state ideology known as

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has increased after 1995, since which dates Turks in Austria could retain their citizenship in

2359: 2138: 1400: 1065: 3092: 1632:. A further major change resulted from a reorganisation of the Austrian Empire in 1867 into a 4594: 4462: 4430: 4039: 4019: 3989: 3888: 3531: 3476: 3454: 3427: 3139: 2658: 2369: 2261: 2251: 2142: 2116: 1892: 1279: 3813: 3787: 71: 4599: 4584: 4538: 4457: 4420: 4344: 4317: 4227: 4090: 4009: 3984: 3979: 3964: 3890:

The Ambivalence of Identity: The Austrian Experience of Nation-Building in a Modern Society

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The first document containing the word "Ostarrîchi"; the word is marked with a red circle.

8: 4672: 4614: 4564: 4523: 4467: 4398: 4205: 4094: 4064: 4049: 3994: 2780: 2646: 2618: 2600: 2541: 2481: 2265: 2100: 2054: 1954: 1835: 1780: 1614: 1512: 1481: 1379:

in the east. In the 8th century, the former territories of Raetia and Noricum fell under

1376: 1321: 1053: 2570:. In addition to native regional traditions it has been influenced above all by German, 4773: 4728: 4721: 4634: 4533: 4503: 4486: 4272: 4252: 4166: 4148: 4140: 4069: 4059: 4034: 3305: 2750: 2745: 2614: 2521: 2343: 2155: 2089: 2074: 2011: 1776: 1745: 1713: 1685: 1613:

and did not succeed in forming a homogenous empire. Following Prussia's victory in the

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and viewed themselves as such. The Austrian lands (including Bohemia) were part of the

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governments in control of both Berlin and Vienna, the country was annexed to Germany (

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established it as a significant political issue for a period of nearly hundred years.

1268: 4647: 4513: 4374: 4302: 4292: 4232: 4156: 4014: 4004: 3999: 3898: 3873: 3850: 3824: 3797: 3742: 3703:

Naturalizations: 24320, 31731, 36011, 44694, 41645, 34876, 25746, 14010, 10258, 7978.

3678: 3599:Österreicher fühlen sich heute als Nation - 1938 - derStandard.at › Wissenschaft 3537: 3481: 3459: 3433: 3358: 3304:(in German). Vienna: Austrian Federal Press Service. 2000. p. 24. Archived from 3149: 3098: 2775: 2755: 2740: 2622: 2571: 2517: 2493: 2457: 2407: 2403: 2339: 2332: 2305: 2191: 2182:, although some historians call this a "big lie" and have challenged this statement. 2146: 2045: 1995: 1876: 1825: 1772: 1618: 1586: 1571: 1538: 1524: 1508: 1485: 1445: 1264: 1237: 1218: 1186: 1134: 1045: 1011: 3779: 2836:"Bevölkerung 2018 nach detaillierter Staatsangehörigkeit, Geschlecht und Bundesland" 1179:, which first appears in 996. This, in turn, is probably a translation of the Latin 4737: 4702: 4687: 4677: 4657: 4624: 4574: 4222: 4195: 4074: 4054: 3974: 3648: 2790: 2785: 2702: 2634: 2561: 2529: 2525: 2430: 2419: 2392: 2377: 2373: 2335: 2285: 1986: 1930: 1847: 1542: 1441: 1426: 1344: 1329: 1194: 1160: 1026: 917: 4667: 4257: 4242: 3838: 3503: 3276:

Richard Bassett, For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619-1918, p. 40

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entered the English language in the early 17th century, at the time referring to

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into one nation-state gave way to a rapid rise of German nationalism within the

4742: 4440: 3346: 2727: 2678: 2630: 2626: 2587: 2579: 2465: 2453: 2384: 2365: 2301: 2203: 1962: 1943: 1768: 1749: 1702: 1665: 1637: 1610: 1430: 1396: 1360: 935: 408: 213: 1185:, which means "eastern borderland" (viz. delimiting the eastern border of the 4757: 4661: 4282: 3783: 3342: 3241: 2863: 2770: 2575: 2549: 2325: 2321: 2163: 2066: 2007: 1851: 1839: 1693: 1633: 1622: 1558: 1433:

just east of Vienna marks the ancient border between Francia and the Avars).

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Kevin Duffy. Who Were the Celts? Barnes & Noble Publishing, 1996. P. 20.

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legacy, and the separation of the two empires in the late 19th century. The

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Migration and Citizenship: Legal Status, Rights and Political Participation

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Citizens of Austria living there in 2018 according to official census data.

2662: 2533: 2513: 2505: 2497: 2222:. As with neighbouring Germany, there has also been heavy immigration from 2081: 2080:

During the war, Austrians' infatuation with Germany faded as Austrian-born

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A map of the German Confederation in 1849 showing the 39 independent states

1661: 1408: 1287: 1276: The core Hallstatt territory (HaC, 800 BC) is shown in solid yellow, 1205:

under the Babenbergs became independent of Bavaria. What is today known as

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France Diplomatie : Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères

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Proponents who recognize Austrians as a nation claim that Austrians have

1918: 1880: 1473: 1190: 995: 953: 888: 828: 808: 348: 173: 3529: 1925: 1553:

in 1526. The Hungarian aristocracy was more successful at retaining the

3299:"Das politische System in Österreich (The Political System in Austria)" 3135: 2696: 2688: 2537: 2317: 2289: 2227: 1982: 1970: 1909:

Provinces claimed by German Austria, with the subsequent border of the

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is a derivative of the proper name Austria, which is a latinization of

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heritage, as Austria is the location of the first characteristically

2039: 1896: 1496: 1421: 1340: 1325: 1313: 1110: 1096:) in an attempt for union with Germany, but was forbidden due to the 313: 193: 1133:, resulting in Austrians developing their own separate and distinct 4200: 4183: 4105: 2445: 2211: 2199: 2159: 1905: 1760: 1641: 1590: 1477: 1356: 1348: 1317: 1299: 1259: 1137:. Today, the vast majority of Austrians do not identify as German. 940: 748: 688: 668: 4178: 4136: 3953: 3866:

The Anschluss Movement, 1918‒1919, and the Paris Peace Conference

2682: 2528:. Famous contemporary Austrian playwrights and novelists include 2469: 2461: 2231: 2215: 2207: 1974: 1949: 1855: 1843: 1818: 1786: 1725: 1657: 1649: 1550: 1469: 1449: 1412: 1388: 1295: 1222: 1060:

expelling the Austrian Empire from the Confederation. Thus, when

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are spoken and officially recognized by some states of Austria.

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For an analysis on the nationality or Austrian citizenship, see

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Hitler's Austria: Popular Sentiment in the Nazi Era, 1938-1945

3059:[Leaving church increased by eleven percent in 2012]. 4161: 2300:

subgroups, with the latter encompassing the languages of the

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to the east. As a consequence, the national character of the

1151: 768: 708: 508: 368: 273: 3550: 2133:(1938-1945) by the founders of the Second Austrian Republic. 1407:) during the 9th century was the boundary region separating 1395:. Pannonia until the end of the 8th century was part of the 3620: 3618: 2448:, and made Vienna the European capital of classical music. 2034: 1372: 1303: 2460:, among others, were associated with the city. During the 3649:"Turkey's ambassador to Austria prompts immigration spat" 3220: 3190: 1173:, the German name for Austria. This word is derived from 3615: 3118: 3116: 3114: 2110: 1236:

in the sense of "members of the Austrian branch of the

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and the union with Germany have become associated with

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Dokumentationsarchiev des österreichischen Widerstands

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from Turkey and Yugoslavia during the 1990s to 2000s.

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during the High and Late Middle Ages, at first in the

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Ruth Wodak; Rudolf de Cillia; Martin Reisigl (2009).

3513: 3511: 3395: 3371: 3323: 3111: 3090: 3018:"Relations bilatérales entre l'Autriche et la France" 2999:

Monash University ARROW Repository | People and Place

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from the 16th century, and it determined the role of

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as the chief settlement of the March of Austria (the

3741:, Volume 7: Europe, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 3490: 3477:

The politics of the Nazi past in Germany and Austria

3383: 3057:"Kirchenaustritte gingen 2012 um elf Prozent zurück" 2717: 1870:

among the inhabitants. Austrian pan-Germans such as

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Austria. Library of Congress Country Studies, 2004.

2158:, geopolitical neutrality, language variation, the 2084:'s series of victories ended. When social democrat 1541:, who had ruled the territory of Austria since the 3812: 3789:Austrian historical memory & national identity 3508: 3407: 3279: 3094:Austria in World War II: An Anglo-American Dilemma 2264:, like English. Austrian German is defined by the 2653:to a significant extent, including works such as 2276:), published under the authority of the Austrian 1507:during the 12th to 13th centuries, and under the 4755: 3533:The discursive construction of national identity 3141:The Discursive Construction of National Identity 2902:Statistics Canada 2011 National Household Survey 1748:and its supporters. This debate became known as 399: 204: 3523: 3084: 2278:Federal Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture 1425:), but the city only rose to importance in the 619: 104: 3778: 3556: 3208: 3097:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. pp. 138–. 3049: 2877:"Zensusdatenbank - Ergebnisse des Zensus 2011" 1821:state. Political manoeuvering by the Prussian 1286:The territory of what is today Austria in the 4121: 3927: 3071: 879: 819: 799: 339: 164: 3843:Hitler's Vienna: A Dictator's Apprenticeship 3536:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 57–. 3063:(in German). January 8, 2013. Archived from 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2605:The majority of Austrians are traditionally 2141:remained in occupation until 1955, when the 1755:The lands later called Cisleithania (except 859: 70: 3570:"Die Entwicklung des Österreichbewußtseins" 3170:"Österreicher fühlen sich heute als Nation" 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 1671: 304: 184: 4128: 4114: 3934: 3920: 3077:WZ-Recherche 2016. Published in article: " 2613:has played a significant role both in the 1444:came to be the easternmost portion of the 1201:from AD 976. During the 12th century, the 1084:and adopted and briefly used the name the 739: 679: 659: 3128: 2312:and the former including the dialects of 1339:), these territories were settled by the 1040:Historically, Austrians were regarded as 779: 719: 539: 459: 419: 124: 86: 2907: 2124: 2025:Austrians greeting the Nazis during the 2020: 1948: 1924: 1904: 1785: 1697: 1528: 1419:had been settled since Celtic times (as 1282:of the late La Tène period are labelled. 1258: 1150: 977: 639: 579: 559: 519: 479: 439: 379: 284: 244: 224: 144: 3719: 3672: 3455:German-speaking exiles in Great Britain 3425: 2866:American Fact Finder (US Census Bureau) 1937:question "monarchy or republic" open. ( 1436:After the defeat of the Magyars at the 1383:, and were divided into the duchies of 759: 699: 499: 359: 264: 14: 4756: 3886: 3837: 3589:Development of the Austrian identity . 3517: 3401: 3377: 3341: 3329: 3196: 3122: 3091:Robert H. Keyserlingk (July 1, 1990). 2472:folk forms influenced Austrian music. 1518: 1098:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) 1025:originally referred to the historical 4109: 3915: 3810: 3722:"Foreign Nationals living in Austria" 3480:". Cambridge University Press. p.43. 3413: 3285: 3134: 2111:Republic of Austria (1955 to present) 1957:movement at the Stephansdom in Vienna 4135: 3291: 3240: 81:Regions with significant populations 3863: 3646: 3628:. Infobase Publishing, 2006. P. 42. 3426:Ryschka, Birgit (January 1, 2008). 3389: 3028:from the original on March 22, 2016 2166:was formed without Austria and the 2073:, as were 40% of the staff at Nazi 24: 4380:Western European broadleaf forests 3821:University of North Carolina Press 2904:(197,990 reported Austrian origin) 2376:, the largest immigrant group are 1893:Austria-Hungary § World War I 1664:(labelling the Hungarian lands as 25: 4785: 3765:, citing Austrian census figures. 2391:after naturalization in Austria ( 2368:, Austria has had high levels of 2349: 1609:excluded, still cultivated their 1125:, both the political ideology of 1066:founded as a nation-state in 1871 1006:was applied to the population of 3943: 3626:Encyclopedia of European Peoples 3081:". Wiener Zeitung, January 2016. 2720: 2645:. The music in the tradition of 2536:. Writers of philosophy include 2170:in the arrangement known as the 1254: 881: 861: 841: 821: 801: 781: 761: 741: 721: 701: 681: 661: 641: 621: 601: 581: 561: 541: 521: 501: 481: 461: 441: 421: 401: 381: 361: 341: 306: 286: 266: 246: 226: 206: 186: 166: 146: 126: 106: 88: 3772: 3756: 3732: 3713: 3691: 3666: 3640: 3631: 3624:Carl Waldman, Catherine Mason. 3603: 3592: 3562: 3468: 3446: 3419: 3335: 3270: 3261: 3252: 3234: 3214: 3162: 1533:Growth of the Habsburg Monarchy 1029:, corresponding roughly to the 4335:Alps conifer and mixed forests 3870:American Philosophical Society 3677:, Amsterdam University Press, 3040: 3010: 2992: 2895: 2869: 2850: 2828: 2808: 1799:, victor over Napoleon in the 1278:The territories of some major 329:Other countries (1,000–10,000) 13: 1: 3246:Germany and Austria 1814-2000 2801: 2766:German nationalism in Austria 2475: 2260:since German is considered a 1886: 1706: 1690:German nationalism in Austria 1333: 1123:end of World War II in Europe 66: 2821: 2121:Foreign relations of Austria 1324:people probably akin to the 1018:. In the closest sense, the 7: 4308:Military history of Austria 4298:Allied-administered Austria 2713: 2594: 2274:Österreichisches Wörterbuch 2241: 1850:. Thereby the influence of 1838:and the establishment of a 1561:the leading classes of the 1086:Republic of German-Austria 10: 4790: 3763:islamineurope.blogspot.com 3557:Bischof & Pelinka 1997 3349:; Szabo, Franz J. (eds.). 3209:Bischof & Pelinka 1997 3146:Edinburgh University Press 2598: 2559: 2555: 2485: 2479: 2434: 2428: 2417: 2413: 2353: 2245: 2114: 1890: 1872:Georg Ritter von Schönerer 1675: 1522: 1440:in 955, the East March or 1247: 1243: 1144: 1094:Republik Deutschösterreich 1056:in 1866 which resulted in 29: 4715: 4633: 4560: 4551: 4494: 4485: 4406: 4397: 4325: 4316: 4147: 4083: 3960: 3811:Bukey, Evan Burr (2002). 3700:(years 2000–2009): 3647:BBC (November 10, 2010). 3442:– via Google Books. 2796:Austria-Germany relations 2372:since the 1970s. As with 2176:Austria was considered a 1969:, the dissolution of the 1775:and the rise to power of 1724:The idea of grouping all 1621:successfully unified the 1108:annexed Austria with the 929: 924: 907: 902: 878: 858: 838: 818: 798: 778: 758: 738: 718: 698: 678: 658: 638: 618: 598: 578: 558: 538: 518: 498: 478: 458: 438: 418: 398: 378: 358: 338: 334: 327: 323: 303: 283: 263: 243: 223: 203: 183: 163: 143: 123: 103: 85: 80: 65: 60: 47: 4769:Ethnic groups in Austria 4330:Administrative divisions 4278:Federal State of Austria 3673:Bauböck, Rainer (2006), 3612:Accessed 1 October 2006. 3351:The Germans and the East 2488:List of Austrian writers 2424: 2356:Austrian nationality law 2298:Southern Austro-Bavarian 1810:, especially within the 1801:Battle of Aspern-Essling 1672:19th-century nationalism 1576:Maria Theresa of Austria 1488:) to the south, and the 1452:to the north and on the 32:Austrian nationality law 4365:Pannonian mixed forests 4268:First Austrian Republic 3895:Purdue University Press 3864:Low, Alfred D. (1974). 3355:Purdue University Press 3004:April 15, 2005, at the 2736:Demographics of Austria 2655:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 2568:Austro-Hungarian Empire 2548:and the members of the 2450:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 2294:Central Austro-Bavarian 2168:Austro-Hungarian Empire 2010:from 1934 to 1938. The 1979:Treaty of Saint-Germain 1911:First Austrian Republic 1901:First Austrian Republic 1682:Austria–Prussia rivalry 1630:Austro-Hungarian Empire 1411:from the Avars and the 1140: 1102:First Austrian Republic 1078:Austro-Hungarian Empire 1072:. In 1867, Austria was 4238:Siege of Vienna (1529) 4218:Margraviate of Austria 3887:Thaler, Peter (2001). 3794:Transaction Publishers 3502:July 18, 2009, at the 2862:February 12, 2020, at 2708:immigration to Austria 2611:Catholicism in Austria 2360:Immigration to Austria 2273: 2134: 2030: 1958: 1933: 1914: 1812:Christian Social Party 1791: 1721: 1601:in 1804 and became as 1534: 1283: 1156: 1093: 970: 75: 53: 3739:World and Its Peoples 3579:on September 28, 2007 3452:Ian Wallace (1999). " 2659:Great Mass in C minor 2435:Further information: 2262:pluricentric language 2252:High German languages 2246:Further information: 2143:Austrian State Treaty 2128: 2117:Austria victim theory 2024: 1952: 1928: 1908: 1789: 1701: 1597:formally founded the 1532: 1523:Further information: 1367:groups (principality 1262: 1154: 1145:Further information: 1104:was founded in 1919. 979:[ˈøːstəraɪçɐ] 74: 4385:World Heritage Sites 4228:Archduchy of Austria 4091:Languages of Austria 3357:. pp. 171–172. 3067:on October 20, 2013. 2671:Ludwig van Beethoven 2172:Kleindeutsche Lösung 2059:Arthur Seyss-Inquart 2033:By March 1938, with 2016:Kurt von Schuschnigg 1961:The creation of the 1808:Austrian nationalism 1742:Kleindeutsche Lösung 1730:German Confederation 1678:Austrian nationalism 1501:Archduchy of Austria 1472:) to the north, the 1347:groups in the west ( 1117:After the defeat of 1070:was not a part of it 1050:German Confederation 609:United Arab Emirates 4619:freedom of religion 4206:Ostrogothic Kingdom 4095:Religion in Austria 3474:David Art (2006). " 3199:, pp. 166–175. 2781:Studentenverbindung 2647:Viennese classicism 2619:politics of Austria 2601:Religion in Austria 2542:Ludwig Wittgenstein 2482:Austrian literature 2458:Johann Strauss, Jr. 2266:Austrian Dictionary 2101:Austrian resistance 2075:extermination camps 2055:Ernst Kaltenbrunner 2004:Austrian patriotism 1955:Austrian resistance 1939:German nationalists 1842:in 1871, headed by 1836:Franco-Prussian War 1781:Revolutions of 1848 1738:Großdeutsche Lösung 1615:Austro-Prussian war 1519:Early modern period 1513:early modern period 1482:Carinthian Slovenes 1306:kingdom, while the 1209:corresponds to the 1054:Austro-Prussian War 1002:. The English term 44: 4529:Telecommunications 4273:Austrian Civil War 4253:Congress of Vienna 4248:March Constitution 4167:Kingdom of Noricum 3347:Ingrao, Charles W. 3079:Staat und Religion 2982:"Austrians abroad" 2751:Austrian Canadians 2746:Austrian Brazilian 2522:Rainer Maria Rilke 2408:Austrian Canadians 2404:Austrian Americans 2333:minority languages 2156:Moscow Declaration 2135: 2090:Moscow Declaration 2031: 2012:Engelbert Dollfuss 1959: 1934: 1915: 1792: 1777:Napoleon Bonaparte 1746:Kingdom of Prussia 1722: 1714:Kingdom of Prussia 1686:German nationalism 1535: 1505:House of Babenberg 1454:Kingdom of Hungary 1438:Battle of Lechfeld 1337: 6th century 1284: 1250:History of Austria 1199:House of Babenberg 1157: 849:Dominican Republic 76: 42: 4751: 4750: 4711: 4710: 4547: 4546: 4481: 4480: 4473:Political parties 4426:Foreign relations 4393: 4392: 4303:History of Vienna 4233:Habsburg monarchy 4157:Hallstatt culture 4103: 4102: 3904:978-1-55753-201-5 3803:978-1-56000-902-3 3747:978-0-7614-7894-2 3543:978-0-7486-3734-8 3458:". Rodopi. p.81. 3392:, pp. 14–16. 3311:on April 23, 2014 3248:. pp. 23–29. 3211:, pp. 32–63. 3155:978-0-7486-3734-8 3104:978-0-7735-0800-2 2986:Statistik Austria 2776:List of Austrians 2756:Austrian Mexicans 2741:Austrian American 2643:Thirty Years' War 2635:Catholic Monarchy 2623:House of Habsburg 2621:. It enabled the 2518:Franz Grillparzer 2494:Arthur Schnitzler 2147:national identity 1996:national identity 1967:South Slav states 1917:The last year of 1877:Habsburg monarchy 1826:Otto von Bismarck 1773:French Revolution 1619:Otto von Bismarck 1587:French Revolution 1572:Holy Roman Empire 1525:House of Habsburg 1509:House of Habsburg 1486:Burgenland Croats 1446:Holy Roman Empire 1391:and principality 1290:was divided into 1238:House of Habsburg 1211:Marcha Orientalis 1203:Marcha Orientalis 1187:Holy Roman Empire 1182:Marcha Orientalis 1135:national identity 1046:Holy Roman Empire 1033:in what is today 1012:Empire of Austria 960: 959: 898: 897: 27:People of Austria 16:(Redirected from 4781: 4731: 4724: 4558: 4557: 4492: 4491: 4404: 4403: 4323: 4322: 4223:Duchy of Austria 4130: 4123: 4116: 4107: 4106: 3948: 3947: 3946: 3936: 3929: 3922: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3883: 3860: 3839:Hamann, Brigitte 3834: 3818: 3807: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3720:Staista (2018). 3717: 3711: 3695: 3689: 3687: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3644: 3638: 3635: 3629: 3622: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3596: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3575:. Archived from 3574: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3506: 3494: 3488: 3472: 3466: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3310: 3303: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3268: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3238: 3232: 3223:s.g. "Austrian, 3218: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3178:. March 12, 2008 3166: 3160: 3159: 3148:. pp. 56–. 3132: 3126: 3120: 3109: 3108: 3088: 3082: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3014: 3008: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2978: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2879:. Archived from 2873: 2867: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2832: 2815: 2812: 2791:Austrian cuisine 2786:Austrian culture 2730: 2725: 2724: 2723: 2703:Islam in Austria 2677:(1807), down to 2639:Habsburg Austria 2562:Austrian cuisine 2530:Elfriede Jelinek 2526:Adalbert Stifter 2431:Music of Austria 2420:Austrian culture 2393:dual citizenship 1987:German Bohemians 1931:Kurt Schuschnigg 1848:Balkan Peninsula 1797:Archduke Charles 1711: 1708: 1589:and the rise of 1543:Late Middle Ages 1442:March of Austria 1427:High Middle Ages 1381:Carolingian rule 1338: 1335: 1330:Migration period 1320:were an ancient 1302:. Noricum was a 1275: 1263:Overview of the 1234:Habsburg Austria 1195:Duchy of Bavaria 1027:March of Austria 1008:Habsburg Austria 989: 988: 987: 981: 976: 891: 887: 885: 884: 871: 867: 865: 864: 851: 847: 845: 844: 831: 827: 825: 824: 811: 807: 805: 804: 791: 787: 785: 784: 771: 767: 765: 764: 751: 747: 745: 744: 731: 727: 725: 724: 711: 707: 705: 704: 691: 687: 685: 684: 671: 667: 665: 664: 651: 647: 645: 644: 631: 627: 625: 624: 611: 607: 605: 604: 591: 587: 585: 584: 571: 567: 565: 564: 551: 547: 545: 544: 531: 527: 525: 524: 511: 507: 505: 504: 491: 487: 485: 484: 471: 467: 465: 464: 451: 447: 445: 444: 431: 427: 425: 424: 411: 407: 405: 404: 391: 387: 385: 384: 371: 367: 365: 364: 351: 347: 345: 344: 325: 324: 316: 312: 310: 309: 296: 292: 290: 289: 276: 272: 270: 269: 256: 252: 250: 249: 236: 232: 230: 229: 216: 212: 210: 209: 196: 192: 190: 189: 176: 172: 170: 169: 156: 152: 150: 149: 136: 132: 130: 129: 116: 112: 110: 109: 98: 94: 92: 91: 68: 61:Total population 45: 41: 21: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4764:Austrian people 4754: 4753: 4752: 4747: 4734: 4727: 4720: 4707: 4698:Public holidays 4693:National anthem 4629: 4570:Austrian people 4543: 4477: 4389: 4312: 4258:Austria-Hungary 4243:Austrian Empire 4196:Germanic tribes 4143: 4134: 4104: 4099: 4079: 3956: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3905: 3880: 3857: 3831: 3804: 3780:Bischof, Günter 3775: 3770: 3769: 3761: 3757: 3737: 3733: 3718: 3714: 3696: 3692: 3685: 3671: 3667: 3657: 3655: 3645: 3641: 3636: 3632: 3623: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3597: 3593: 3582: 3580: 3572: 3568: 3567: 3563: 3555: 3551: 3544: 3528: 3524: 3516: 3509: 3504:Wayback Machine 3495: 3491: 3473: 3469: 3451: 3447: 3440: 3424: 3420: 3412: 3408: 3400: 3396: 3388: 3384: 3376: 3372: 3365: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3324: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3239: 3235: 3219: 3215: 3207: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3181: 3179: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3133: 3129: 3125:, pp. 72–. 3121: 3112: 3105: 3089: 3085: 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1143: 983: 982: 974: 952: 947: 943: 938: 933: 914:Austro-Bavarian 911: 882: 880: 862: 860: 842: 840: 822: 820: 802: 800: 782: 780: 762: 760: 742: 740: 722: 720: 702: 700: 682: 680: 662: 660: 642: 640: 622: 620: 602: 600: 582: 580: 562: 560: 542: 540: 522: 520: 502: 500: 482: 480: 462: 460: 442: 440: 422: 420: 402: 400: 382: 380: 362: 360: 342: 340: 330: 307: 305: 287: 285: 267: 265: 247: 245: 227: 225: 207: 205: 187: 185: 167: 165: 147: 145: 127: 125: 107: 105: 89: 87: 56: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Austrian people 15: 12: 11: 5: 4787: 4777: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4745: 4740: 4733: 4732: 4725: 4717: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4639: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4561: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4411:Climate change 4407: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4263:German Austria 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4193: 4192: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4171: 4170: 4169: 4159: 4153: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4133: 4132: 4125: 4118: 4110: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4097: 4088: 4084: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3939: 3938: 3931: 3924: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3903: 3884: 3878: 3861: 3856:978-1848852778 3855: 3835: 3829: 3808: 3802: 3784:Pelinka, Anton 3774: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3755: 3731: 3712: 3708: 3707: 3704: 3690: 3683: 3665: 3639: 3630: 3614: 3602: 3591: 3561: 3559:, pp. 3–. 3549: 3542: 3522: 3507: 3489: 3467: 3445: 3438: 3432:. Peter Lang. 3418: 3406: 3404:, p. 282. 3394: 3382: 3380:, p. 238. 3370: 3363: 3343:Suppan, Arnold 3334: 3332:, p. 394. 3322: 3290: 3278: 3269: 3260: 3251: 3242:Allinson, Mark 3233: 3213: 3201: 3189: 3161: 3154: 3127: 3110: 3103: 3083: 3070: 3061:derStandard.at 3048: 3039: 3009: 2991: 2906: 2894: 2868: 2857:Results 2849: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2728:Austria portal 2715: 2712: 2699:(as of 2005). 2679:Anton Bruckner 2599:Main article: 2596: 2593: 2560:Main article: 2557: 2554: 2480:Main article: 2477: 2474: 2454:Franz Schubert 2429:Main article: 2426: 2423: 2418:Main article: 2415: 2412: 2385:naturalization 2366:Central Europe 2351: 2350:Naturalization 2348: 2243: 2240: 2204:Czech Republic 2192:Celtic culture 2112: 2109: 1944:German Austria 1888: 1885: 1771:following the 1769:Central Europe 1750:German dualism 1712:) showing the 1703:Central Europe 1673: 1670: 1666:Transleithania 1638:Czech Republic 1611:Kleinstaaterei 1593:, the emperor 1520: 1517: 1415:. The site of 1397:Avar Khaganate 1272: 1256: 1253: 1248:Main article: 1245: 1242: 1228:The adjective 1142: 1139: 958: 957: 956:or other (24%) 936:Roman Catholic 927: 926: 922: 921: 905: 904: 900: 899: 896: 895: 892: 876: 875: 872: 856: 855: 852: 836: 835: 832: 816: 815: 812: 796: 795: 792: 776: 775: 772: 756: 755: 752: 736: 735: 732: 716: 715: 712: 696: 695: 692: 676: 675: 672: 656: 655: 652: 636: 635: 632: 616: 615: 612: 596: 595: 592: 576: 575: 572: 556: 555: 552: 536: 535: 532: 516: 515: 512: 496: 495: 492: 476: 475: 472: 456: 455: 452: 436: 435: 432: 416: 415: 412: 409:Czech Republic 396: 395: 392: 376: 375: 372: 356: 355: 352: 336: 335: 332: 331: 328: 321: 320: 317: 301: 300: 297: 281: 280: 277: 261: 260: 257: 241: 240: 237: 221: 220: 217: 214:United Kingdom 201: 200: 197: 181: 180: 177: 161: 160: 157: 141: 140: 137: 121: 120: 117: 101: 100: 83: 82: 78: 77: 69:8–8.5 million 63: 62: 58: 57: 48: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4786: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4726: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4714: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4590:Ethnic groups 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4443: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4283:Austrofascism 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4175: 4172: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4131: 4126: 4124: 4119: 4117: 4112: 4111: 4108: 4096: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3950:Ethnic groups 3937: 3932: 3930: 3925: 3923: 3918: 3917: 3914: 3906: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3891: 3885: 3881: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3862: 3858: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3822: 3817: 3816: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3790: 3785: 3781: 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1758: 1753: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1719: 1715: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1694:Pan-Germanism 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1634:dual monarchy 1631: 1626: 1624: 1623:German Empire 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1531: 1526: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1492:to the east. 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1423: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1331: 1328:. During the 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1281: 1280:Celtic tribes 1270: 1266: 1261: 1255:Early history 1251: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1215:Upper Austria 1212: 1208: 1207:Lower Austria 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1177: 1172: 1168: 1167: 1162: 1153: 1148: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1127:pan-Germanism 1124: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1112: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1035:Lower Austria 1032: 1028: 1024: 1023: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 986: 980: 972: 968: 964: 955: 950: 946: 942: 937: 932: 931:Historically: 928: 923: 919: 915: 910: 906: 901: 893: 890: 877: 873: 870: 857: 853: 850: 837: 833: 830: 817: 813: 810: 797: 793: 790: 777: 773: 770: 757: 753: 750: 737: 733: 730: 717: 713: 710: 697: 693: 690: 677: 673: 670: 657: 653: 650: 637: 633: 630: 629:Liechtenstein 617: 613: 610: 597: 593: 590: 577: 573: 570: 557: 553: 550: 537: 533: 530: 517: 513: 510: 497: 493: 490: 477: 473: 470: 457: 453: 450: 437: 433: 430: 417: 413: 410: 397: 393: 390: 377: 373: 370: 357: 353: 350: 337: 333: 326: 322: 318: 315: 302: 298: 295: 282: 278: 275: 262: 258: 255: 242: 238: 235: 222: 218: 215: 202: 198: 195: 182: 178: 175: 162: 158: 155: 142: 138: 135: 122: 118: 115: 114:United States 102: 97: 84: 79: 73: 64: 59: 55: 51: 46: 37: 33: 19: 4653:Coat of arms 4643:Architecture 4610:Prostitution 4580:Demographics 4569: 4458:Legal system 4436:Human rights 4416:Constitution 4211:East Francia 3969: 3889: 3865: 3847:Tauris Parke 3842: 3814: 3788: 3773:Bibliography 3758: 3738: 3734: 3725: 3715: 3698:statistik.at 3693: 3674: 3668: 3658:November 10, 3656:. Retrieved 3652: 3642: 3633: 3625: 3605: 3594: 3581:. Retrieved 3577:the original 3564: 3552: 3532: 3525: 3492: 3475: 3470: 3453: 3448: 3428: 3421: 3416:, p. 8. 3409: 3397: 3385: 3373: 3350: 3337: 3325: 3313:. Retrieved 3306:the original 3293: 3288:, p. 6. 3281: 3272: 3263: 3254: 3245: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3216: 3204: 3192: 3180:. Retrieved 3175:Der Standard 3173: 3164: 3140: 3130: 3093: 3086: 3073: 3065:the original 3060: 3051: 3042: 3030:. Retrieved 3021: 3012: 2994: 2985: 2897: 2885:. Retrieved 2881:the original 2871: 2852: 2840:. Retrieved 2830: 2810: 2701: 2697:nonreligious 2687: 2663:Joseph Haydn 2604: 2565: 2534:Peter Handke 2514:Franz Werfel 2506:Robert Musil 2498:Stefan Zweig 2491: 2440: 2400: 2397: 2383:The rate of 2382: 2363: 2330: 2255: 2197: 2184: 2177: 2152: 2136: 2130: 2098: 2094: 2086:Adolf Schärf 2079: 2063:Franz Stangl 2051:Adolf Hitler 2044: 2038: 2032: 2026: 1999: 1992: 1960: 1953:Sign of the 1935: 1916: 1868: 1864: 1833: 1830: 1816: 1805: 1793: 1754: 1741: 1737: 1723: 1716:(blue), the 1662:Cisleithania 1627: 1602: 1584: 1578:and her son 1568: 1536: 1494: 1435: 1420: 1409:East Francia 1404: 1307: 1285: 1229: 1227: 1219:German state 1210: 1202: 1189:). It was a 1180: 1174: 1170: 1164: 1158: 1119:Nazi Germany 1116: 1109: 1106:Nazi Germany 1039: 1031:Vienna Basin 1021: 1016:Cisleithania 1003: 971:Österreicher 962: 961: 944: 930: 171: 54:Österreicher 39:Ethnic group 36: 4605:Pornography 4595:Health care 4499:Agriculture 4453:LGBT rights 4446:enforcement 4030:Macedonians 3518:Thaler 2001 3402:Hamann 2010 3378:Hamann 2010 3330:Hamann 2010 3197:Thaler 2001 3136:Wodak, Ruth 3123:Thaler 2001 2838:(in German) 2617:and in the 2546:Karl Popper 2510:Georg Trakl 2370:immigration 2226:and former 1929:Chancellor 1919:World War I 1881:Karl Lueger 1710: 1820 1559:germanizing 1474:South Slavs 1431:March river 1316:stock. The 1191:margraviate 954:Irreligious 889:South Korea 829:Philippines 809:New Zealand 349:Netherlands 174:Switzerland 4758:Categories 4673:Literature 4468:Parliament 4431:Government 4350:Ecoregions 4040:Portuguese 4020:Hungarians 3990:Bulgarians 3980:Armenians‎ 3879:0871691035 3830:0807853631 3414:Bukey 2002 3286:Bukey 2002 2802:References 2689:Secularism 2631:its empire 2538:Ernst Mach 2486:See also: 2476:Literature 2318:Burgenland 2290:Vorarlberg 2286:Allemannic 2115:See also: 1983:Vorarlberg 1971:real union 1887:World Wars 1860:Otto Bauer 1823:chancellor 1765:Metternich 1585:After the 1503:under the 1490:Hungarians 1462:West Slavs 1401:East March 1393:Carantania 1369:Carantania 1363:), and by 1353:Vorarlberg 1343:and other 1271:cultures: 1176:Ostarrîchi 1171:Österreich 1082:rump state 1068:, Austria 1052:until the 990:) are the 975:pronounced 934:primarily 869:Luxembourg 4774:Baiuvarii 4600:Languages 4585:Education 4539:Transport 4509:Companies 4421:Elections 4360:Mountains 4345:Districts 4318:Geography 4288:Anschluss 4174:Roman Era 4010:Filipinos 3985:Assyrians 3970:Austrians 3965:Albanians 3032:August 6, 2887:April 25, 2822:Citations 2572:Hungarian 2470:Hungarian 2446:Habsburgs 2344:Hungarian 2306:Carinthia 2131:Anschluss 2040:Anschluss 2029:in Vienna 2027:Anschluss 2002:by most, 1897:Anschluss 1617:in 1866, 1580:Joseph II 1422:Vindobona 1341:Bavarians 1326:Etruscans 1288:Roman era 1265:Hallstatt 1114:in 1938. 1111:Anschluss 1076:into the 1004:Austrians 996:nationals 963:Austrians 949:Christian 945:Nowadays: 939:minority 918:Alemannic 903:Languages 314:Argentina 194:Australia 99:7,427,759 43:Austrians 4738:Category 4615:Religion 4565:Abortion 4524:Taxation 4463:Military 4399:Politics 4201:Rugiland 4184:Pannonia 4141:articles 4087:See also 4065:Slovenes 4050:Russians 3995:Chechens 3841:(2010). 3786:(1997). 3653:BBC News 3583:July 22, 3500:Archived 3390:Low 1974 3182:July 14, 3138:(2009). 3026:Archived 3002:Archived 2860:Archived 2842:June 14, 2714:See also 2693:Lutheran 2685:(1903). 2625:to rule 2607:Catholic 2595:Religion 2464:period, 2340:Croatian 2242:Language 2228:Yugoslav 2212:Slovakia 2200:Slovenia 2160:Habsburg 1819:Prussian 1761:Dalmatia 1642:Slovenia 1595:Franz II 1591:Napoleon 1539:Habsburg 1478:Slovenes 1357:Lombards 1349:Alemanni 1345:Germanic 1318:Raetians 1314:Illyrian 1312:were of 1309:Pannonii 1300:Pannonia 1230:Austrian 1213:, while 1166:Austrian 1121:and the 1074:reformed 1048:and the 992:citizens 941:Lutheran 925:Religion 749:Thailand 689:Colombia 669:Portugal 4722:Outline 4683:Museums 4658:Cuisine 4635:Culture 4553:Society 4534:Tourism 4504:Banking 4487:Economy 4293:Ostmark 4179:Noricum 4149:History 4137:Austria 4070:Syrians 4060:Slovaks 4035:Nepalis 4005:Czechs‎ 3954:Austria 3315:July 9, 2683:Te Deum 2641:in the 2615:culture 2584:Italian 2556:Cuisine 2462:Baroque 2414:Culture 2374:Germany 2336:Slovene 2232:Croatia 2216:Romania 2208:Hungary 2046:Ostmark 1975:Hungary 1856:Germans 1844:Prussia 1757:Galicia 1726:Germans 1658:Croatia 1650:Ukraine 1607:Prussia 1603:Franz I 1555:Magyars 1551:Bohemia 1547:Hungary 1470:Slovaks 1450:Moravia 1413:Magyars 1405:Ostmark 1399:. The " 1389:Bavaria 1296:Noricum 1269:La Tène 1244:History 1223:Bavaria 1193:of the 1161:English 1062:Germany 1058:Prussia 1042:Germans 1022:Austria 1000:Austria 789:Croatia 729:Denmark 549:Romania 469:Belgium 429:Hungary 319:10,500 159:197,990 139:345,620 134:Germany 119:684,184 96:Austria 4743:Portal 4648:Cinema 4519:Mining 4514:Energy 4375:States 4370:Rivers 4340:Cities 4189:Raetia 4139: 4045:Romani 4015:Greeks 4000:Croats 3901: 3876: 3853: 3827: 3800: 3751:p. 921 3745: 3688:p. 58. 3681: 3540: 3484: 3462: 3436: 3361: 3152: 3101: 2667:masses 2651:sacral 2588:Polish 2580:Jewish 2524:, and 2504:, and 2466:Slavic 2442:Vienna 2389:Turkey 2324:, and 2314:Vienna 2310:Styria 2308:, and 2270:German 2236:Serbia 2224:Turkey 2220:Poland 2218:, and 2202:, the 2188:Celtic 2178:victim 2082:Hitler 2069:, and 1899:, and 1692:, and 1656:, and 1646:Poland 1466:Czechs 1417:Vienna 1385:Swabia 1365:Slavic 1322:alpine 1304:Celtic 1292:Raetia 1274: 1131:Nazism 1100:. The 1090:German 967:German 909:German 894:1,000 886: 866: 846: 826: 806: 786: 766: 746: 726: 706: 686: 666: 649:Poland 646: 626: 606: 589:Serbia 586: 569:Norway 566: 546: 529:Mexico 526: 506: 489:Turkey 486: 466: 449:Sweden 446: 426: 406: 389:Turkey 386: 366: 346: 311: 299:12,500 294:Brazil 291: 279:13,000 271: 259:18,200 254:Israel 251: 239:20,000 234:France 231: 219:39,600 211: 199:45,530 191: 179:67,000 154:Canada 151: 131: 111: 93: 50:German 4729:Index 4703:Sport 4688:Music 4678:Media 4625:Women 4575:Crime 4355:Lakes 4162:Celts 4075:Turks 4055:Serbs 3975:Arabs 3710:2010. 3573:(PDF) 3309:(PDF) 3302:(PDF) 2633:as a 2627:Spain 2576:Czech 2425:Music 2378:Turks 2302:Tyrol 2105:NSDAP 2043:) as 1973:with 1654:Italy 1563:Czech 1377:Avars 1361:Tyrol 1163:word 1020:term 951:(68%) 874:1,000 854:1,100 834:1,400 814:1,500 794:1,500 774:1,500 769:China 754:1,600 734:1,600 714:1,600 709:Chile 694:1,700 674:1,700 654:2,500 634:2,500 614:3,000 594:3,000 574:3,100 554:3,200 534:3,200 514:3,200 509:Egypt 494:3,700 474:4,400 454:4,500 434:5,000 414:5,000 394:5,500 374:8,500 369:Italy 354:9,900 274:Spain 4668:Flag 4662:wine 4025:Jews 3899:ISBN 3874:ISBN 3851:ISBN 3825:ISBN 3798:ISBN 3743:ISBN 3679:ISBN 3660:2010 3585:2009 3538:ISBN 3482:ISBN 3460:ISBN 3434:ISBN 3359:ISBN 3317:2014 3227:and 3225:adj. 3184:2014 3150:ISBN 3099:ISBN 3034:2023 2889:2015 2844:2021 2629:and 2586:and 2532:and 2468:and 2456:and 2358:and 2342:and 2331:The 2288:(in 2284:and 2250:and 2234:and 2119:and 2099:The 2035:Nazi 1965:and 1834:The 1759:and 1549:and 1537:The 1375:and 1373:Huns 1298:and 1267:and 1159:The 1141:Name 1064:was 994:and 4441:Law 3952:in 3221:OED 2681:'s 2673:'s 2665:'s 2657:'s 2649:is 2296:or 1403:" ( 1371:), 1359:in 1351:in 1225:). 1221:of 998:of 4760:: 4093:, 3897:. 3893:. 3872:. 3868:. 3849:. 3845:. 3823:. 3819:. 3796:. 3792:. 3782:; 3749:, 3724:. 3651:. 3617:^ 3510:^ 3353:. 3244:. 3229:n. 3172:. 3144:. 3113:^ 3024:. 3020:. 2984:. 2909:^ 2661:, 2609:. 2582:, 2578:, 2574:, 2552:. 2544:, 2540:, 2520:, 2516:, 2512:, 2500:, 2496:, 2452:, 2406:, 2338:, 2320:, 2316:, 2304:, 2272:: 2238:. 2214:, 2210:, 2206:, 2077:. 2065:, 2061:, 2057:, 2053:, 1895:, 1752:. 1707:c. 1688:, 1684:, 1680:, 1652:, 1648:, 1644:, 1582:. 1515:. 1484:, 1480:, 1468:, 1387:, 1355:, 1334:c. 1294:, 1092:: 1037:. 973:, 969:: 916:, 67:c. 52:: 4664:) 4660:( 4621:) 4617:( 4129:e 4122:t 4115:v 3935:e 3928:t 3921:v 3907:. 3882:. 3859:. 3833:. 3806:. 3753:. 3728:. 3662:. 3587:. 3546:. 3520:. 3367:. 3319:. 3231:" 3186:. 3158:. 3107:. 3036:. 2988:. 2891:. 2846:. 2402:( 2268:( 2014:/ 1942:" 1705:( 1476:( 1464:( 1332:( 1088:( 965:( 920:) 912:( 34:. 20:)

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