3137:
5028:
3887:, for possessing abolitionist publications. In addition, laws were passed to further repress slaves. These laws included anti-literacy laws and anti-gathering laws. The anti-gathering laws were applied to religious gatherings of free blacks and slaves. These laws, passed around the 1820–1850 period, were blamed in the South on Northern abolitionists. As one slaveowner wrote, "I can tell you. It was the abolition agitation. If the slave is not allowed to read his bible, the sin rests upon the abolitionists; for they stand prepared to furnish him with a key to it, which would make it, not a book of hope, and love, and peace, but of despair, hatred and blood; which would convert the reader, not into a Christian, but a demon. Allow our slaves to read your writings, stimulating them to cut our throats! Can you believe us to be such unspeakable fools?"
4076:
measured against liberal - abolitionist yardsticks, precarious and even reversible" the action " . . . were very concrete, and in the long term, they served to corrode the legal structures of plantation slavery locally." These actions included marronage and maroon societies that undermined the authority of enslavers in Brazil and legal challenges relying on the legal history of Spain in Cuba. These practices are regionally specific based on the legal customs of the region that enslaved people knew well from centuries of interactions with
Iberian slave laws. A key avenue for these legal arguments was the prominence of "lo extrajudicial", a field of legal interactions adjacent to a lawsuit explained by historian Bianca Premo as consisting of out-of-court settlements, public revelations, and face-to-face encounters. (Chira, 29).
4031:, which was an executive order of the U.S. government that changed the legal status of 3 million slaves in the Confederacy from "slave" to "henceforward ... free". Though slaves were legally freed by the Proclamation, they became actually free by escaping to federal lines, or by advances of federal troops. Even before the Emancipation Proclamation, many former slaves served the federal army as teamsters, cooks, laundresses, and laborers, as well as scouts, spies, and guides. Confederate General Robert Lee once said, "The chief source of information to the enemy is through our negroes." The Emancipation Proclamation, however, provided that people it declared to be free who were "of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United States", and the
3189:
94:
3986:
3251:
3772:
3588:
3346:
4085:
throughout the
Atlantic world, images appearing in abolitionist publications routinely included images of families being torn apart and pregnant women being forced to do hard labor. As countries imposed "free womb laws" to soften the image of slavery and bring about gradual emancipation, for many it raised the question of the justice of women being used to carry out emancipation without benefiting from it themselves. Speeches given on the topic at the time focused on mothers and compared them to "all other mothers", using motherhood to level the subjects and objects of their speech.
4693:
2649:
4381:
2793:
2368:
5202:
5004:
3509:
2522:, issued the first emancipation proclamation of the modern world (Decree of 16 Pluviôse An II). The Convention sent them to safeguard the allegiance of the population to revolutionary France. The proclamation resulted in crucial military strategy as it gradually brought most of the black troops into the French fold and kept the colony under the French flag for most of the conflict. The connection with France lasted until blacks and free people of colour formed L'armée indigène in 1802 to resist
2966:. Vermont, which was excluded from the thirteen colonies, existed as an independent state from 1777 to 1791. Vermont abolished adult slavery in 1777. In other states, such as Virginia, similar declarations of rights were interpreted by the courts as not applicable to Africans and African Americans. During the following decades, the abolitionist movement grew in northern states, and Congress heavily regulated the expansion of Slave or Free States in new territories admitted to the union (see
3284:
2876:
3698:
3242:
death rate (and thus repurchase cost) of slaves was also high, and people are less productive when not allowed to choose the type of work they prefer, are illiterate, and are forced to live and work in miserable and unhealthy conditions. The free labour markets and international free trade that Smith preferred would also result in different prices and allocations that Smith believed would be more efficient and productive for consumers.
2552:
8688:
51:
5190:, prosecuted six individuals in Florida on charges of slavery in the agricultural industry. These prosecutions have led to freedom for over 1000 enslaved workers in the tomato and orange fields of South Florida. This is only one example of the contemporary fight against slavery worldwide. Slavery exists most widely in agricultural labour, apparel and sex industries, and service jobs in some regions.
4109:
this proximity to pay for their and their families freedom and argued before colonial courts for their freedom with increasing success as the nineteenth century progressed. Enslaved women like
Adelina Charuteira used their mobility as street vendors and as much access as they had to literacy to spread information about abolition between freedom-seeking people and local abolitionist networks.
3431:
4027:. Although the initial act did not mention emancipation, the second Confiscation Act, passed on 17 July 1862, stated that escaped or liberated slaves belonging to anyone who participated in or supported the rebellion "shall be deemed captives of war, and shall be forever free of their servitude, and not again held as slaves". On 1 January 1863, Lincoln issued the
6749:– increasingly linked temperance to a larger battle against slavery, discrimination, and racism. In churches, conventions, and newspapers, these reformers promoted an absolute and immediate rejection of both alcohol and slavery. The connection between temperance and antislavery views remained strong throughout the 1840s and 1850s. The white abolitionists
3048:) had disappeared in England by the beginning of the 17th century. In 1569 a court considered the case of Cartwright, who had bought a slave from Russia. The court ruled English law could not recognize slavery, as it was never established officially. This ruling was overshadowed by later developments; It was upheld in 1700 by the Lord Chief Justice
3675:. Under its provisions no new slaves could be imported, slaves already in the province would remain enslaved until death, and children born to female slaves would be slaves but must be freed at the age of 25. The last slaves in Canada gained their freedom when slavery was abolished in the entire British Empire by the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833.
2683:. The first article of the law stated that "Slavery was abolished" in the French colonies, while the second article stated that "slave-owners would be indemnified" with financial compensation for the value of their slaves. The French constitution passed in 1795 included in the declaration of the Rights of Man that slavery was abolished.
3086:(1769). Each of the slaves had been baptized in Scotland and challenged the legality of slavery. They set the precedent of legal procedure in British courts that would later lead to successful outcomes for the plaintiffs. In these cases, deaths of the plaintiff and defendant, respectively, brought an end before court decisions.
5831:, "Weaver Family: Three members of the Weaver family, probably brothers, were called 'East Indians' in Lancaster County, between 1707 and 1711." "'The indenture of Indians (Native Americans) as servants was not common in Maryland ... the indenture of East Indian servants was more common." Retrieved 15 February 2008.
3752:, which was covered in newspapers nationwide, causing a rise in membership in abolitionist societies. By 1840 more than 15,000 people were members of abolitionist societies in the United States. The formation of Christian denominations that heralded abolitionism as a moral issue occurred, such as the organization of
5152:, Europe, and Latin America, as well as parts of Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. Modern slavery keeps around 50 million people from exercising their freedom. In Mauritania alone, estimates are that up to 600,000 men, women and children, or 20% of the population, are enslaved. Many of them are used as
5069:
as an abolitionist document. It calls for an appeal to constitutionalism and progressive constitutionalism. This vision is interdisciplinary and finds its roots in the anti-slavery movement in the United States of
America and is largely based on the tenet that current state institutions, particularly
4075:
in Cuba worked to end slavery, it was enslaved people themselves who worked daily to chip away at enslavers' local authority. These actions have at times been dismissed because they were small actions, but historian
Adriana Chira argues that while "These freedoms were patchwork, often incomplete when
3131:
The state of slavery is of such a nature that it is incapable of being introduced on any reasons, moral or political, but only by positive law, which preserves its force long after the reasons, occasions, and time itself from whence it was created, is erased from memory. It is so odious, that nothing
5235:
publishes the annual
Trafficking in Persons Report, identifying countries as either Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 2 Watch List or Tier 3, depending upon three factors: "(1) The extent to which the country is a country of origin, transit, or destination for severe forms of trafficking; (2) The extent to which
5049:
2007 witnessed major exhibitions in
British museums and galleries to mark the anniversary of the 1807 abolition act – 1807 Commemorated 2008 marked the 201st anniversary of the Abolition of the Slave Trade in the British Empire. It also marked the 175th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in the
5197:
In 2014, for the first time in history major
Anglican, Catholic, and Orthodox Christian leaders, as well as Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, and Buddhist leaders, met to sign a shared commitment against modern-day slavery; the declaration they signed calls for the elimination of slavery and human trafficking
4108:
and
Harriet Tubman took matters into their own hands by challenging the institution of slavery through their writing and their actions. In countries like Cuba and Brazil, where many enslaved women in urban areas were close to the governmental apparatuses needed to challenge slavery, they often used
3482:
Las Casas for 20 years worked to get
African slaves imported to replace natives; African slavery was everywhere and no one talked of ridding the New World of it, though France had abolished slavery in France itself and there was talk in other countries about doing the same. However, Las Casas had a
3948:
wanted to achieve the gradual extinction of slavery by market forces, because its members believed that free labour was superior to slave labour. White southern leaders said that the Republican policy of blocking the expansion of slavery into the West made them second-class citizens, and they also
3151:
of the judgement are unclear when analysed by lawyers, the judgement was generally taken at the time to have determined that slavery did not exist under English common law and was thus prohibited in England. The decision did not apply to the British overseas territories; by then, for example, the
2424:
authorized and codified cruel corporal punishment against slaves under certain conditions, it forbade slave owners to torture them or to separate families. It also demanded enslaved Africans receive instruction in the Catholic faith, implying that Africans were human beings endowed with a soul, a
5109:
Radical abolitionists are often marginalized. There is a belief that constitutionalism as a main tenet of radical abolitionism can change and appeal to the popular opinion more. Historically, slavery abolitionists have had to use the public meaning of Constitutional terms in order in their fight
5080:
can be seen as a compromise for freedom, without allowing for the full abolition. Criminal punishment was a major way that Southern states maintained the exploitation of black labour and effectively nullified the Reconstruction Amendments. This was done namely through Black Codes, harsh vagrancy
3718:
defines an abolitionist "as one who before the Civil War had agitated for the immediate, unconditional, and total abolition of slavery in the United States". He does not include antislavery activists such as Abraham Lincoln or the Republican Party, which called for the gradual ending of slavery.
3241:
argued for the abolition of slavery on economic grounds. Smith pointed out that slavery incurred security, housing, and food costs that the use of free labour would not, and opined that free workers would be more productive because they would have personal economic incentives to work harder. The
6757:
helped lead the American Temperance Union, formed in 1833. Frederick Douglass, who took the teetotaler pledge while in Scotland in 1845, claimed, "I am a temperance man because I am an anti-slavery man." Activists argued that alcohol aided slavery by keeping enslaved men and women addled and by
5193:
In 2000, the United States passed the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act (TVPA) "to combat trafficking in persons, especially into the sex trade, slavery, and involuntary servitude". The TVPA also "created new law enforcement tools to strengthen the prosecution and punishment of
5113:
There are debates among abolitionists, where some claim that the Constitution ought not to be treated as an abolitionist text, as it is rather used as a legal tool by the state to deny freedoms to marginalized communities; and that contemporary abolitionist work cannot be done by relying on the
4084:
The suffering of women in slavery was a common trope consistently used in abolitionists' rhetoric on both sides of the Atlantic. This was especially true as it relates to the image of suffering mothers and their children. Towards the end of the nineteenth century as slavery was coming to an end
5236:
the government of the country does not comply with the TVPA's minimum standards including, in particular, the extent of the government's trafficking-related corruption; and (3) The resources and capabilities of the government to address and eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons."
3741:. Other states with more of an economic interest in slaves, such as New York and New Jersey, also passed gradual emancipation laws, and by 1804, all the Northern states had abolished it, although this did not mean that already enslaved people were freed. Some had to work without wages as "
2703:, they threatened to move the French Caribbean colonies under British control, as Great Britain still allowed slavery. Fearing secession from these islands, successfully lobbied by planters and concerned about revenues from the West Indies, and influenced by the slaveholder family of
5844:, IndoLink, Quote: "Documents available from American archival sources of the colonial period now confirm the presence of indentured servants or slaves who were brought from the Indian subcontinent, via England, to work for their European American masters." Retrieved 20 April 2010.
3421:
at the beginning of the 19th century. The progressive pro-European and anti-Ottoman movement, which gradually gained power in the two principalities, also worked to abolish that slavery. Between 1843 and 1855, the principalities emancipated all of the 250,000 enslaved Roma people.
4045:
The border states were exempt from the Emancipation Proclamation, but they too (except Delaware) began their own emancipation programs. As the war dragged on, both the federal government and Union states continued to take measures against slavery. In June 1864, the
4058:
took effect in December 1865, seven months after the end of the war, and finally ended slavery for non-criminals throughout the United States. It also abolished slavery among the Indian tribes, including the Alaska tribes that became part of the U.S. in 1867.
3089:
African slaves were not bought or sold in London but were brought by masters from other areas. Together with people from other nations, especially non-Christian, Africans were considered foreigners, not able to be English subjects. At the time, England had no
3871:, the slave population in the United States had grown to four million. American abolitionism was based in the North, although there were anti-abolitionist riots in several cities. In the South abolitionism was illegal, and abolitionist publications, like
5081:
laws, apprenticeship laws and extreme punishment for black people. The Reconstruction Amendments in their aim to promote citizenship and emancipation are believed by these thinkers to still be guiding principles in the fight for freedom and abolition.
3607:
became a destination for black refugees leaving Southern Colonies and United States. While many blacks who arrived in Nova Scotia during the American Revolution were free, others were not. Black slaves also arrived in Nova Scotia as the property of
2953:
established the United States, many Loyalists who fled the Northern United States immigrated to the British province of Quebec, bringing an English majority population as well as many slaves, leading the province to ban the institution in 1793 (see
1592:
9831:
5239:
The 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States "except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted". In 2018, Colorado became the first state to remove similar language in its state constitution by a
3314:" anti-slavery medallion of 1787. Clarkson described the medallion as "promoting the cause of justice, humanity and freedom". The 1792 Slave Trade Bill passed the House of Commons mangled and mutilated by the modifications and amendments of
3361:
2768:
The French governments initially refused to recognize Haïti. It forced the nation to pay a substantial amount of reparations (which it could ill afford) for losses during the revolution and did not recognize its government until 1825.
5098:
Proponents of abolitionist constitutionalism believe the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments can be used today to extend the abolitionist logics to the various current barriers to injustices that are faced by marginalized peoples.
3520:
During the early 19th century, slavery expanded rapidly in Brazil, Cuba, and the United States, while at the same time the new republics of mainland Spanish America became committed to the gradual abolition of slavery. During the
4720:
at Exeter Hall in London, on 12–23 June 1840. This was however an attempt made by NGOs, not by state and governments. In the late 19th century, the issue was addressed on an international level by states and governments. The
3132:
can be suffered to support it, but positive law. Whatever inconveniences, therefore, may follow from a decision, I cannot say this case is allowed or approved by the law of England; and therefore the black must be discharged.
4923:
In societies with large proportions of the population working in conditions of slavery or serfdom, stroke-of-the-pen laws declaring abolition can have thorough-going social, economic and political consequences. Issues of
3867:, slavery was legally established. While it was fading away in the cities as well as in the border states, it remained strong in plantation areas that grew cotton for export, or sugar, tobacco, or hemp. According to the
2347:
which stated that slavery was intolerable in France, although it is a misconception that there were 'no slaves in France'; thousands of African slaves were present in France during the 18th century. Born into slavery in
3152:
American colonies had established slavery by positive laws. Somersett's case became a significant part of the common law of slavery in the English-speaking world and it helped launch the movement to abolish slavery.
2514:. The rebellion swept through the north of the colony, and with it came freedom to thousands of enslaved blacks, but also violence and death. In 1793, French Civil Commissioners in St. Domingue and abolitionists,
2324:, king of France, published a decree proclaiming that "France signifies freedom" and that any slave setting foot on French soil should be freed. This prompted subsequent governments to circumscribe slavery in the
5043:
3266:
was the lawyer who took on most of the cases of slaves suing their masters for personal illegal enslavement. He was the first lawyer to successfully establish a slave's freedom. In addition, Brigadier General
2797:
5511:, Princeton University Press, 2003, p. 322. There was typo in the original hardcover stating "31.2 percent"; this was corrected to 13.2% in the paperback edition and can be verified using 1830 census data.
3098:, when the fugitive slave James Somersett forced a decision by the courts. Somersett had escaped, and his master, Charles Steuart, had him captured and imprisoned on board a ship, intending to ship him to
4015:, abolishing slavery in Washington D. C. Meanwhile, the Union suddenly found itself dealing with a steady stream of escaped slaves from the South rushing to Union lines. In response, Congress passed the
5046:. This proclamation marked the bicentenary of the proclamation of the first modern slavery-free state, Haiti. Numerous exhibitions, events and research programmes became associated with the initiative.
4050:, which required free states to aid in returning escaped slaves to slave states, was repealed. The state of Maryland abolished slavery on 13 October 1864. Missouri abolished slavery on 11 January 1865.
4870:
As of November 2003, 104 nations had ratified the treaty. However, illegal forced labour involves millions of people in the 21st century, 43% for sexual exploitation and 32% for economic exploitation.
2144:
established that slavery did not exist in English law. In 1807, the slave trade was made illegal throughout the British Empire, though existing slaves in British colonies were not liberated until the
5329:
1587:
7536:"Les Chemins de la Liberté : Réflexions à l'occasion du bicentenaire de l'abolition de l'esclavage / Routes to Freedom : Reflections on the Bicentenary of the Abolition of the Slave Trade"
3368:
was passed. It purchased the slaves from their masters and paved the way for the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire by 1838, after which the first Anti-Slavery Society was wound up.
3059:
In addition to English colonists importing slaves to the North American colonies, by the 18th century, traders began to import slaves from Africa, India and East Asia (where they were trading) to
4833:
4042:" (19 June 1865, in Texas), the Union Army controlled all of the Confederacy and liberated all its slaves. The owners were never compensated; nor were freed slaves compensated by former owners.
4388:
showing his scourged back, widely distributed by Abolitionists to expose the brutality of slavery. From at least the 1860s onwards, photography was a powerful tool in the abolitionist movement.
5102:
Just like abolitionism more generally, abolitionist constitutionalism seeks to provide a vision which will lead to the abolition of many different neoliberal state institutions, such as the
4763:(ACE). The ACE conducted a major international investigation on slavery and slave trade, inspecting all the colonial empires and the territories under their control between 1934 and 1939.
3306:
became the group's most prominent researcher, gathering vast amounts of data on the trade. One aspect of abolitionism during this period was the effective use of images such as the famous
5362:
Wilberforce was a leader of the abolitionism movement. He was an English politician who became a Member of Parliament. His involvement in the political realm lead to a change in ideology.
1824:
8363:
3624:
from Pictou published the first anti-slavery literature in Canada and began purchasing slaves' freedom and chastising his colleagues in the Presbyterian church who owned slaves. In 1790
3056:
of the mid-seventeenth century, sectarian radicals challenged slavery and other threats to personal freedom. Their ideas influenced many antislavery thinkers in the eighteenth century.
4744:(TSC), which was founded in 1924, conducted a global investigation and filed a report, and a convention was drawn up to hasten the total abolition of slavery and the slave trade. The
5042:
People in modern times have commemorated abolitionist movements and the abolition of slavery in different ways around the world. The United Nations General Assembly declared 2004 the
2925:, helped launch the British movement to abolish slavery. Though anti-slavery sentiments were widespread by the late 18th century, many colonies and emerging nations continued to use
6199:
8245:
2420:
regulated the slave trade and institution in the colonies. It gave unparalleled rights to slaves. It included the right to marry, gather publicly or take Sundays off. Although the
6786:
Because the temperance movement was closely tied to the abolitionist movement as well as to the African American church, African Americans were preeminent promoters of temperance.
4759:(CES) to review the result and enforcement of the 1926 Slavery Convention, which resulted in a new international investigation under the first permanent slavery committee, the
9823:
3124:. No legislation had ever been passed to establish slavery in England. The case received national attention, and five advocates supported the action on behalf of Somersett.
8950:
4123:
White and black opponents of slavery, who played a considerable role in the movement. This list includes some escaped slaves, who were traditionally called abolitionists.
3937:, who helped found the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society. Some abolitionists said that slavery was criminal and a sin; they also criticized slave owners of using black women as
8994:
2433:). They were on average exceptionally literate, with a significant number of them owning businesses, properties, and even slaves. Other free people of colour, such as
1713:
5057:
held a major international conference entitled, "Routes to Freedom: Reflections on the Bicentenary of the Abolition of the Slave Trade", from 14 to 16 March 2008.
2448:
became an intermediate caste between whites and blacks, while in the British colonies mulattoes and blacks were considered equal and discriminated against equally.
9799:
2679:
and the Society of the Friends of the Blacks were part of the abolitionist movement, which had laid important groundwork in building anti-slavery sentiment in the
2021:
1817:
3143:
was a member of an abolitionist group of prominent free Africans living in Britain, and he was active among leaders of the anti-slave trade movement in the 1780s.
11551:
6242:
Blackburn 1997: 136; Friede 1971: 165–166. Las Casas' change in his views on African slavery is expressed particularly in chapters 102 and 129, Book III of his
4782:
was formally abolished by law in almost the entire world, with the exception of the Arabian Peninsula and some parts of Africa. Chattel slavery was still legal
2838:
At about the same time, France started colonizing Africa and gained possession of much of West Africa by 1900. In 1905, the French abolished slavery in most of
8827:
5772:
5092:
5085:
4055:
4054:, which had been admitted to the Union in 1863 as a slave state, but on the condition of gradual emancipation, fully abolished slavery on 3 February 1865. The
3033:
2974:
2750:
sparked another wave of rebellion in Saint-Domingue. From 1802 Napoleon sent more than 20,000 troops to the island, two-thirds died, mostly from yellow fever.
2184:
1577:
1108:
4889:
Human beings are born free, and no one has the right to enslave, humiliate, oppress or exploit them, and there can be no subjugation but to God the Most-High.
3159:, an enslaved African who had been purchased by his master John Wedderburn in Jamaica and brought to Scotland, left him. Married and with a child, he filed a
9911:
7931:
5114:
constitutional texts. Some argue that the narrative and scholarly literature around Reconstruction Amendments is not coherent regarding their original aims.
5070:
the carceral system, is rooted in the transatlantic slave trade. Some constitutional abolitionists critique the claim that the Constitution was pro-slavery.
4530:
2777:
2309:, was only five years old. At some unknown date during her rule, she abolished the trade of slaves, although not slavery. Moreover, her (and contemporaneous
11541:
7439:
4860:
4826:
4153:
4072:
2076:
1462:
834:
571:
5960:
5110:
against slavery. Constitutional abolitionists are generally in favour of incremental changes that follow the principles of the Reconstructive Amendments.
5286:
1810:
1198:
839:
11416:
10367:
8967:
8960:
3738:
1854:
2992:
as part of a program to ensure sovereignty over its colonies. On March 16, 1792, Denmark became the first country to issue a decree to abolish their
8978:
4012:
3726:
8006:
3338:. Britain enforced the abolition of the trade because the act made trading slaves within British territories illegal. However, the act repealed the
3185:, and slaves could seek court protection to leave a master or avoid being forcibly removed from Scotland to be returned to slavery in the colonies.
8726:
6364:
3488:
3360:
In the 1820s, the abolitionist movement revived to campaign against the institution of slavery itself. In 1823 the first Anti-Slavery Society, the
531:
3379:, which attempted to outlaw slavery worldwide and also to pressure the government to help enforce the suppression of the slave trade by declaring
3342:
which attempted to improve conditions for slaves. The end of the slave trade did not end slavery as a whole. Slavery was still a common practice.
10321:
5148:
Although outlawed in most countries, slavery is nonetheless practised secretly in many parts of the world. Enslavement still takes place in the
3640:(1797–1832) were instrumental in freeing slaves from their owners in Nova Scotia. They were held in high regard in the colony. By the end of the
3330:
on 25 March 1807, making the slave trade illegal throughout the British Empire. Britain used its influence to coerce other countries to agree to
3228:. c. 28) was intended to end what the act referred to as "a state of slavery and bondage", but that was ineffective, necessitating the 1799 act.
7979:
3012:. The northern states in the U.S. all abolished slavery by 1804. The United Kingdom (then including Ireland) and the United States outlawed the
11556:
8955:
8522:
5324:
4915:
estimates that there are 20.9 million victims of human trafficking globally, including 5.5 million children, of which 55% are women and girls.
3295:
886:
8027:
7169:
6407:
2996:
from the start of 1803. However, Denmark would not abolish slavery in the Danish West Indies until 1848. Haiti (then Saint-Domingue) formally
11581:
8714:
7350:
7155:
5027:
4904:
3136:
3067:
to work as personal servants. Men who migrated to the North American colonies often took their East Indian slaves or servants with them, as
10926:
8937:
8095:"Abolitionism in the Atlantic World: The Organization and Interaction of Anti-Slavery Movements in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries"
5312:
5159:
Modern-day abolitionists have emerged over the last several years, as awareness of slavery around the world has grown, with groups such as
4722:
4687:
3957:, seven Deep South states whose economy was based on cotton and the labour of enslaved people decided to secede and form a new nation. The
3748:
The 1836–1837 campaign to end free speech in Alton, Illinois culminated in the 7 November 1837 mob murder of abolitionist newspaper editor
1889:
1582:
1432:
8403:
5294:
4867:. Article 4 of this international treaty bans slavery. The treaty came into force in March 1976 after it had been ratified by 35 nations.
8709:
8328:
5938:
5307:
2959:
913:
2222:(1934–1939), which conducted international investigations of the institution of slavery and created international treaties, such as the
7277:
Miers, Suzanne (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press, pp. 323-324
4882:
4655:(1851–1853): one of the first black newspapers in Upper Canada aimed at fugitive and escaped slaves from the United States. Written by
4067:
Brazil and Cuba were the last countries in the Western world to abolish slavery, with Brazil being the last in 1888. While actors like
2203:
annexed Asian countries, from the late 19th century onwards, archaic institutions including slavery were abolished in those countries.
1659:
411:
7371:
6586:
11496:
10335:
9093:
8393:
8135:
7509:
7483:
5302:
5106:, the wage system, and policing. This is tied to a belief that white supremacy is woven into the fabric of legal state institutions.
4544:
3753:
3692:
861:
7891:
5786:
3551:
in 1821, but without abolishing slavery completely. While Chile abolished slavery in 1823, Argentina did so with the signing of the
10770:
10316:
10090:
4943:(1792–1804), struggled to overcome racial or anti-revolutionary prejudice in the international financial and diplomatic scene, and
4760:
4730:
4717:
3970:
3950:
3899:
3372:
3262:, there were few significant initiatives in the American colonies that led to the abolitionist movement. Some Quakers were active.
2219:
2066:
1979:
1632:
1452:
625:
8160:
7402:
5383:
5073:
Radical abolitionist constitutionalism calls for the idea of dignity and the use of jurisprudence to address social inequalities.
10410:
8696:
8547:
7748:
7731:
7208:
6043:
5841:
3078:, court cases in the British Isles to challenge the legality of slavery, took place in Scotland in 1755 and 1769. The cases were
2906:
on humanitarian grounds, and arguing against it in Parliament. Soon after Oglethorpe's death in 1785, Sharp and More united with
1790:
8379:
10858:
10253:
10074:
9994:
8859:
8796:
8451:
5149:
4821:
worked for the UN to continue the investigation of global slavery conducted by the ACE of the League, and in February 1950 the
896:
314:
6268:
The portrait is now at the National Gallery of Scotland. According to Thomas Akins, this portrait hung in the legislature of
4038:
Plantation owners sometimes moved the Black people they claimed to own as far as possible out of reach of the Union army. By "
2425:
fact French law did not admit until then. It resulted in a far higher percentage of Black people being free in 1830 (13.2% in
11436:
10026:
9855:
9042:
8467:
8076:
7716:
7670:
7286:
Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p. 326
7268:
Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p. 216
6900:
6779:
6706:
6678:
6568:
6461:
6149:
5707:
5680:
5645:
5589:
5562:
5532:
5265:
5137:
4958:
4864:
4767:
4489:
3522:
3113:
2879:
2234:
1869:
1474:
1151:
923:
8374:
7259:
Miers, Suzanne (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. USA: AltaMira Press, pp. 100–121
4088:
Women were also often on the forefront of the abolition movement. Authors such as Harriet Beecher Stowe (United States) and
3632:, in 1787, 1789 and again on 11 January 1808, the Nova Scotian legislature refused to legalize slavery. Two chief justices,
9871:
8871:
8612:
8557:
8539:
8334:
5808:
5463:
Chatman, Samuel L. (2000). "'There Are No Slaves in France': A Re-Examination of Slave Laws in Eighteenth Century France".
4494:
4421:
4328:
2963:
2656:
2616:
2480:
2313:') favorite charity was to buy and free slaves, especially children. Slavery started to dwindle and would be superseded by
1666:
1627:
1270:
4104:
and others used their connections to political movements to advocate for the abolition of slavery. Enslaved women such as
3224:. c. 56). Skilled workers, they were restricted to a place and could be sold with the works. A prior law enacted in 1775 (
2375:, known as the "Black Mozart", was, by his social position, and by his political involvement, a figurehead of free blacks.
9679:
8757:
5183:
5179:
5088:
can convey an abolitionist vision of the freedom advocated for by black people in the public sphere beyond emancipation.
4900:
4620:
4263:
4223:
3540:
2588:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1708:
1345:
1005:
856:
652:
561:
9231:
8424:
8300:
Wyman-McCarthy, Matthew. "British abolitionism and global empire in the late 18th century: A historiographic overview."
7457:
7421:
7046:
Premo, Bianca (2019). "Lo extrajudicial: Between Court and Community in the Spanish Empire". In Vermeesch, Griet (ed.).
3025:
10210:
10082:
9313:
8972:
8888:
8704:
8515:
8419:
8369:
7535:
7307:
7030:
6834:
6027:
5994:
4662:
4551:
4514:
3974:
3468:
3331:
3117:
3005:
2866:
1728:
1422:
1176:
8340:
6126:
History of the Rise, Progress and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave Trade by the British Parliament
5353:
Henry Dundas achieved the first victory in the House of Commons for the abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade in 1792.
3188:
11637:
11601:
10311:
10271:
9010:
8913:
8844:
8489:
8429:
8203:
6653:
6516:
5232:
5066:
4912:
4908:
4899:
Currently, the Anti-trafficking Coordination Team Initiative (ACT Team Initiative), a coordinated effort between the
4434:
3684:
2635:
1550:
1427:
851:
620:
487:
8293:
Unangst, Matthew. "Manufacturing Crisis: Anti-slavery 'Humanitarianism' and Imperialism in East Africa, 1888–1890."
7401:
Gamio, Lazaro; Méheut, Constant; Porter, Catherine; Gebrekidan, Selam; McCann, Allison; Apuzzo, Matt (20 May 2022).
5857:
4645:
2595:
11431:
10792:
10359:
10130:
8942:
7460:. Institute for the Public Understanding of the Past and the Institute of Historical Research. 2007. Archived from
5281:
5206:
5182:
and corporations working to develop a policy agenda for abolishing slavery and human trafficking. Since 1997, the
4981:
4740:, which founded commissions to investigate and eradicate the institution of slavery and slave trade worldwide. The
4725:
addressed slavery on a semi-global level via the representatives of the colonial powers. It had concluded with the
4429:
3945:
3620:
decision in Scotland in 1778. This decision, in turn, influenced the colony of Nova Scotia. In 1788, abolitionist
3555:. Peru abolished slavery in 1854. Colombia abolished slavery in 1851. Slavery was abolished in Uruguay during the
3327:
2157:
1874:
1681:
891:
876:
822:
507:
497:
492:
321:
177:
7111:
4148:
4089:
4068:
2515:
1397:
11531:
11466:
10511:
10301:
9863:
8918:
8721:
8495:
8461:, a collection of more than 800 speeches by antebellum blacks and approximately 1,000 editorials from the period.
8209:
Jeffrey, Julie Roy. "Stranger, Buy... Lest Our Mission Fail: the Complex Culture of Women's Abolitionist Fairs".
5144:
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
5133:
4756:
4726:
4020:
3268:
2426:
2215:
2000:
1894:
1676:
1447:
253:
8763:
8357:
4642:, books published in the U.S. and elsewhere by former slaves or about former slaves, relating their experiences.
10722:
10343:
6604:
5972:
5187:
5178:
In the United States, The Action Group to End Human Trafficking and Modern-Day Slavery is a coalition of NGOs,
4969:
4521:
3633:
3592:
3552:
3280:
In 1783, an anti-slavery movement began among the British public to end slavery throughout the British Empire.
3049:
2573:
1963:
1146:
1134:
714:
526:
172:
5722:
Popkin, J. (2010) You are all Free. The Haitian Revolution and the Abolition of Slavery, pp. 350–70, 384, 389.
5095:
was used by many abolitionist lawyers and activists throughout the North to advance the case against slavery.
2602:
10875:
10191:
10018:
9923:
9807:
9674:
9509:
9086:
8809:
8508:
8102:
6981:
6347:"Biography – Strange, Sir Thomas Andrew Lumisden – Volume VII (1836–1850) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
5861:
5256:
5168:
5103:
4814:
4791:
4713:
4526:
4482:
4024:
3910:
3476:
3388:
3364:, was founded. Many of its members had previously campaigned against the slave trade. On 28 August 1833, the
2569:
1971:
1718:
1501:
362:
31:
3526:
3441:, he was reported to be the driving force behind the arrest, trial and execution of a wealthy white planter
11632:
11486:
11471:
11366:
10351:
10306:
9972:
9663:
9570:
9467:
9057:
8893:
8446:
6738:
6269:
4955:" for emancipation in 1825 and which (including secondary debts and interests) was not paid off until 1947.
4878:
4741:
4677:(1856–1857): a small run two-issue newspaper published by John James Linton, a sympathizing white Canadian.
4253:
4032:
3688:
3496:, which abolished native slavery for the first time in European colonial history. It ultimately led to the
2870:
2455:, many philosophers wrote pamphlets against slavery and its moral and economical justifications, including
2229:
After centuries of struggle, slavery was eventually declared illegal at the global level in 1948 under the
2211:
2153:
2054:
1723:
1567:
1437:
1098:
866:
846:
406:
374:
9243:
93:
10892:
10403:
10375:
10276:
10122:
9478:
7323:
5164:
4822:
4465:
4358:
3217:
2584:
2331:
Some cases of African slaves freed by setting foot on French soil were recorded such as the example of a
2176:
2071:
1783:
1733:
1457:
1375:
502:
283:
103:
17:
6372:
4625:(1847–51): an anti-slavery American newspaper published by the escaped slave, author, and abolitionist,
2704:
10763:
10486:
9887:
9668:
9113:
9018:
8881:
8742:
8637:
8387:, comprehensive list of abolitionists and anti-slavery activists and organizations in the United States
8112:'Women Were Among Our Primeval Abolitionists': Women and Organized Antislavery in Vermont, 1834–1848",
5946:
5160:
4818:
4411:
4047:
3990:
3730:
3649:
3384:
3353:
3250:
3021:
2430:
2372:
2237:. By this time, the Arab world was the only region in the world where chattel slavery was still legal.
2145:
1906:
1642:
1494:
1479:
1370:
566:
236:
38:
5508:
For the Glory of God: How Monotheism Led to Reformations, Science, Witch-hunts, and the End of Slavery
3973:
to suppress the rebellion, four more slave states seceded. Meanwhile, four slave states, known as the
3734:
3290:(1759–1833), politician and philanthropist who was a leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade
11411:
11371:
10812:
10184:
9847:
9815:
9580:
8552:
8477:
7066:"'As a slave woman and as a mother': women and the abolition of slavery in Havana and Rio de Janeiro"
6624:
6609:
5968:
5260:
5077:
4501:
4453:
4188:
4028:
3880:
3872:
3868:
3655:
With slaves escaping to New York and New England, legislation for gradual emancipation was passed in
2754:
2692:
2527:
1738:
1637:
1168:
1156:
746:
719:
224:
9358:
8458:
7575:
6286:
4667:(March 1853–June 1857): a weekly newspaper published by free Black American ex-patriates in Canada,
3771:
3449:
2802:
11511:
11239:
11001:
10961:
10951:
10899:
9895:
9540:
9079:
5577:
5271:
4952:
4925:
3985:
3621:
3315:
3164:
2507:
1518:
1387:
940:
729:
214:
115:
9335:
7297:
6302:
4696:
4019:, which essentially declared escaped slaves from the South to be confiscated war property, called
3587:
394:
11289:
11197:
10496:
10491:
9765:
9689:
9611:
9494:
9146:
9026:
8098:
6303:"Biography – MacGregor James Drummond – Volume VI (1821–1835) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
5417:
4948:
4783:
4745:
4604:
4584:
4308:
4208:
3918:
3383:
to be pirates. The world's oldest international human rights organization, it continues today as
3193:
2921:
in 1772, in which a fugitive slave was freed with the judgement that slavery did not exist under
2700:
2562:
2511:
2238:
2223:
2059:
2044:
1703:
1442:
1392:
1320:
1093:
871:
815:
798:
229:
65:. From at least the 1860s onwards, photography was a powerful weapon in the abolitionist arsenal.
7871:
Public Law 106–386 – 28 October 2000, Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000
6916:
5506:
2444:
also forbade interracial marriages, but it was often ignored in French colonial society and the
2128:. The first and only country to self-liberate from slavery was actually a former French colony,
11461:
11451:
11040:
10971:
10956:
10437:
10396:
10149:
10066:
9555:
9383:
9266:
9249:
9170:
8607:
7965:
7951:
7868:
6722:
6714:
5942:
5522:
4841:
4571:
4458:
4442:
4238:
4101:
3930:
3906:
3864:
3765:
3637:
3525:(1810–1826), slavery was abolished in most of Latin America, though it continued until 1873 in
3029:
2982:
2934:
2854:
2810:
2743:
2672:
2668:
2652:
2476:
2461:
2353:
2325:
2109:
2029:
1921:
1776:
1745:
1250:
991:
903:
751:
475:
441:
436:
6890:
6453:
5998:
5579:
5552:
5433:
5065:
Abolitionist constitutionalism is a line of thinking which invokes the historical view of the
3311:
2531:
2487:) to work for the abolition of slavery. After the Revolution, on 4 April 1792, France granted
11627:
11571:
11546:
11476:
11159:
10887:
10660:
10618:
10588:
10098:
10034:
9647:
9621:
9519:
9283:
9218:
9140:
9002:
8854:
8667:
8662:
8627:
7805:"'When This Breaks Down, It's Black Gold': Race and Gender in Agricultural Health and Safety"
7686:
Fox, James (2021). "The Constitution of Black Abolitionism: Re-Framing the Second Founding".
6139:
6060:
Thomas Clarkson wrote of the medallion; promoting the cause of justice, humanity and freedom.
5448:
4977:
4651:
4608:
4477:
4333:
4233:
4118:
3962:
3922:
3761:
3749:
3617:
3365:
3345:
3339:
3233:
3156:
3148:
3009:
2664:
2488:
1612:
1467:
1380:
1365:
1047:
1035:
781:
766:
551:
326:
248:
219:
55:
4825:
of the United Nations was inaugurated, which ultimately resulted in the introduction of the
4092:(Brazil) used their novels to call into question the humanity of slavery. Women such as the
3362:
Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery Throughout the British Dominions
11566:
11321:
11234:
11212:
11135:
11131:
11060:
10976:
10921:
10916:
10739:
10583:
10472:
10296:
10286:
9948:
9839:
9732:
9534:
8986:
8782:
8602:
8531:
8028:"Movement grows to abolish US prison labor system that treats workers as 'less than human'"
7539:
7379:
6730:
6583:
5241:
5123:
5054:
5016:
4613:
4510:
4419:
ceased publication in October 1820 due to Embree's illness. It was sold in 1821 and became
4402:
4273:
4218:
3934:
3884:
3702:
3645:
3629:
3442:
3323:
3254:
A poster advertising a special chapel service to celebrate the Abolition of Slavery in 1838
3169:
3013:
2899:
2452:
2384:
2258:
1901:
1750:
1654:
1617:
1545:
1489:
1358:
1315:
1129:
1059:
734:
514:
416:
300:
207:
8325:, summaries, lesson plans, documents and illustrations for schools; focus on United States
7888:
7513:
7487:
5758:
4961:
in 1861 failed to allay rural and industrial unrest, which played a part in fomenting the
4692:
3729:, the first recognized organization for abolitionists in the United States. Following the
3204:
slavery of Scots persons in Scotland had existed from 1606 and continued until 1799, when
2886:(1772) was widely taken to have held that there was no basis in law for slavery in England
2609:
8:
11591:
11456:
11326:
11116:
11045:
10802:
10775:
10758:
10746:
10568:
10524:
10291:
9903:
9694:
9601:
9483:
9442:
9437:
9330:
8876:
8622:
6802:
6742:
6734:
6646:
The Alphabet as Resistance: Laws Against Reading, Writing and Religion in the Slave South
5827:
Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware
5008:
4929:
4799:
4771:
4363:
4338:
4318:
4303:
4193:
3895:
3742:
3664:
3566:
3557:
3438:
3322:
considers the unfinished abolition of the slave trade to be Pitt's greatest failure. The
3299:
3287:
3259:
3095:
2967:
2962:
in 1780, passed legislation during the next two decades abolishing slavery, sometimes by
2950:
2949:
territories in the West Indies, South America, and the Southern United States. After the
2907:
2903:
2773:
2762:
2290:
1238:
1218:
1103:
1088:
957:
928:
918:
808:
756:
724:
521:
379:
347:
342:
295:
152:
8413:
7837:
7804:
6211:
Viorel Achim (2010). "Romanian Abolitionists on the Future of the Emancipated Gypsies",
2818:
2792:
2519:
2367:
2257:
was the last country to officially abolish slavery, with a presidential decree in 1981.
11311:
11227:
11217:
11050:
11013:
10943:
10882:
10865:
10819:
10729:
10643:
10457:
10245:
9524:
9295:
9194:
8657:
8577:
8572:
8157:
7850:
6746:
6446:
6441:
5488:
5480:
5276:
4968:
The United States achieved freedom for its slaves in 1865 with the ratification of the
4962:
4940:
4626:
4313:
4248:
4213:
4183:
4003:
3958:
3926:
3715:
3668:
3613:
3596:
3418:
3400:
3335:
3053:
3017:
3001:
2993:
2989:
2922:
2918:
2883:
2839:
2758:
2731:
2716:
2708:
2696:
2499:
2395:
2188:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2113:
2013:
2008:
1879:
1484:
1330:
1305:
1295:
1260:
1255:
1223:
1188:
1181:
1122:
1115:
972:
791:
786:
776:
546:
399:
357:
352:
305:
273:
263:
200:
9771:
9176:
8390:
7932:"Louisiana voters rejected an antislavery ballot measure. The reasons are complicated"
7756:
6047:
4844:
finally prohibited the owning of slaves in Saudi Arabia, followed by the abolition of
3858: Territory incorporated into the US after the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment
3644:
and the arrival of the Black Refugees, there were few slaves left in Nova Scotia. The
3352:
was the key speaker at the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society's (today known as
421:
367:
11441:
11343:
11331:
11316:
11296:
11207:
11154:
11126:
11108:
10911:
10787:
10780:
10593:
10541:
10519:
10447:
10157:
9743:
9627:
9340:
9061:
8821:
8434:
8199:
8094:
8072:
8035:
7842:
7824:
7712:
7666:
7628:
7303:
7026:
6896:
6848:
6840:
6830:
6814:
6775:
6702:
6674:
6649:
6564:
6561:
New Perspectives on Race and Slavery in America: Essays in Honor of Kenneth M. Stampp
6522:
6512:
6457:
6145:
6023:
5703:
5676:
5651:
5641:
5585:
5558:
5528:
5492:
5127:
4749:
4737:
4564:
4283:
4243:
4143:
4138:
4128:
4016:
3905:
The white abolitionist movement in the North was led by social reformers, especially
3792: Gradual emancipation in New York (starting 1799) and New Jersey (starting 1804)
3722:
3582:
3497:
2978:
2955:
2946:
2648:
2339:
in 1571. He was arrested and his slaves were freed according to a declaration of the
2321:
2270:
2266:
2207:
1884:
1572:
1290:
1285:
1228:
1213:
1193:
1015:
1010:
945:
908:
741:
707:
536:
389:
278:
157:
11586:
7652:
7420:
Porter, Catherine; Méheut, Constant; Apuzzo, Matt; Gebrekidan, Selam (20 May 2022).
7235:
7183:
7004:
Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment
6019:
Forging an American Law of Slavery in Revolutionary South Carolina and Massachusetts
5746:
Though the Heavens May Fall: The Landmark Trial that Led to the End of Human Slavery
5201:
4513:, to be sold or gifted to participants in the anti-slavery bazaars organized by the
4093:
3052:
when he ruled that a slave became free as soon as he arrived in England. During the
2676:
11202:
11192:
11018:
10966:
10870:
10734:
10623:
10573:
10551:
10546:
10477:
9956:
9711:
9402:
9237:
8305:
8126:
Coupland, Sir Reginald. "The British Anti-Slavery Movement". London: F. Cass, 1964.
7854:
7832:
7816:
7658:
7618:
7077:
6822:
5617:
5472:
5396:
5247:. Other states have followed suit, but implementation has relied on court rulings.
4944:
4849:
4845:
4787:
4599:
4560:
4380:
4288:
4158:
4105:
3914:
3562:
3536:
3493:
3174:
2997:
2895:
2781:
2246:
2242:
2192:
2149:
1762:
1340:
1335:
1325:
1300:
1265:
1233:
1203:
1076:
1064:
1042:
1020:
967:
803:
771:
73:
8464:
8351:
7910:"Pope Francis And Other Religious Leaders Sign Declaration Against Modern Slavery"
7820:
7728:
6225:
5578:
Martin H. Steinberg; Bernard G. Forget; Douglas R. Higgs; Ronald L. Nagel (2001).
4659:, an escaped slave who also published his own slave narrative. Published biweekly.
2821:
abolished slavery in the remaining colonies. The state bought the slaves from the
2747:
2723:
2156:
but it remained legal in southern states. By 1808, the United States outlawed the
11576:
11516:
11401:
11249:
11244:
11222:
11142:
11096:
10853:
10807:
10705:
10682:
10665:
10638:
10423:
10327:
10281:
10106:
10058:
10042:
10010:
9879:
9722:
9658:
9590:
9473:
9432:
9389:
9289:
9188:
9102:
8769:
8582:
8471:
8449:, Horace Seldon's collection and summary of research of William Lloyd Garrison's
8407:
8397:
8322:
8164:
7895:
7735:
7187:
7081:
6886:
6865:
6798:
6726:
6590:
6346:
6099:
6085:
6017:
5697:
5670:
5172:
4973:
4853:
4795:
4779:
4639:
4343:
4323:
4278:
4203:
4163:
3954:
3516:, c. 1822. Brazil in 1888 was the last nation in the Americas to abolish slavery.
3508:
3456:
3349:
3307:
3303:
3273:
3182:
3178:
3140:
2857:. 10 May was chosen as the day dedicated to recognition of the crime of slavery.
2832:
2503:
2250:
2200:
2034:
1926:
1916:
1911:
1671:
1562:
1557:
1310:
1280:
1275:
998:
962:
761:
679:
384:
130:
8223:
Kolchin, Peter. "Reexamining Southern Emancipation in Comparative Perspective",
7790:
A Concise Chronicle History of the African-American People Experience in America
7770:
7607:"Whence Comes Section One? The Abolitionist Origins of the Fourteenth Amendment"
6973:
5044:
International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition
2471:
2152:
was the first state in America to abolish slavery in 1777. By 1804, the rest of
11606:
11526:
11481:
11421:
11386:
11178:
11091:
10996:
10904:
10695:
10529:
10452:
9737:
9717:
9704:
9642:
9606:
9529:
9447:
9364:
9301:
9164:
9158:
9034:
8748:
8672:
8642:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8232:
The Crooked Path to Abolition: Abraham Lincoln and the Antislavery Constitution
8184:
7130:
7065:
6966:
Peter Kolchin, "Reexamining Southern Emancipation in Comparative Perspective,"
6818:
6694:
6494:
Freeman's Challenge: The Murder That Shook America's Original Prison for Profit
4972:
on 6 December of that year but faced ongoing slavery-associated racial issues (
4806:
4668:
4438:
4385:
4348:
4298:
4228:
4198:
4173:
3966:
3672:
3609:
3513:
3483:
late change of heart, and became an advocate for the Africans in the colonies.
3453:
3091:
2942:
2938:
2495:
2434:
2349:
2274:
2230:
2049:
1864:
1859:
1849:
1755:
1649:
541:
182:
140:
7209:"Western News - Western rediscovers, revives long-lost abolitionist newspaper"
5194:
traffickers, making human trafficking a Federal crime with severe penalties."
5003:
3706:
inflamed public opinion in the North and Britain against the evils of slavery.
2875:
2798:
Proclamation of the Abolition of Slavery in the French Colonies, 27 April 1848
11621:
11561:
11446:
11361:
11306:
11166:
11086:
10981:
10831:
10824:
10717:
10670:
10563:
10419:
9748:
9727:
9699:
9637:
9596:
9585:
9545:
9504:
9499:
9462:
9408:
9212:
9182:
8908:
8789:
8677:
8652:
8632:
8562:
8179:
Barbaric Traffic: Commerce and Antislavery in the 18th-century Atlantic World
8064:
8039:
7828:
7632:
7602:
6852:
6826:
6806:
6750:
6718:
6629:
5655:
5153:
4837:
4293:
4258:
4133:
4097:
4051:
3804: Effective abolition of slavery by Mexican or joint US/British authority
3625:
3414:
3380:
3376:
3319:
3263:
3120:, had to judge whether Somersett's abduction was lawful or not under English
3108:
3075:
3068:
2843:
2466:
2310:
2294:
2262:
2180:
2164:
2121:
1693:
1622:
1069:
1052:
827:
657:
647:
431:
81:
37:"Anti-slavery" and "Emancipationist" redirect here. For the British NGO, see
10388:
8239:
Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861–1865
7461:
6526:
5609:
4712:
The first international attempt to address the abolition of slavery was the
3977:(Maryland, Missouri, Delaware, and Kentucky), chose to remain in the Union.
2746:
that abolished slavery in France and its colonies and the revolution led by
11596:
11396:
11301:
11147:
11121:
11030:
10712:
10700:
10648:
10608:
10467:
10462:
10226:
10218:
9560:
9514:
9488:
9427:
9307:
8815:
8775:
8647:
8007:"Colorado Votes To Abolish Slavery, 2 Years After Similar Amendment Failed"
7846:
7543:
7440:"France dismisses petition for it to pay $ 17 billion in Haiti reparations"
6869:
6754:
6257:
Abolition and Antislavery: A Historical Encyclopedia of the American Mosaic
5581:
Disorders of Hemoglobin: Genetics, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management
4991:
4810:
4775:
4576:
4540:
4406:
4368:
4268:
4178:
4168:
3876:
3757:
3660:
3656:
3570:
3213:
3160:
2930:
2926:
2911:
2712:
2306:
2125:
2039:
1698:
1535:
1511:
1141:
669:
642:
605:
583:
470:
187:
167:
145:
135:
125:
120:
110:
8346:
7662:
7623:
7606:
5330:
International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition
3531:
3283:
1802:
950:
11536:
11284:
11279:
11271:
11256:
11081:
10986:
10797:
10633:
10598:
10578:
10558:
10536:
10501:
9940:
9684:
9632:
9452:
9395:
9200:
9152:
8901:
8803:
8617:
8567:
8283:(Yale UP, 2016) 784 pp; Highly detailed coverage of the American movement
7952:"US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report 2008, Introduction"
7909:
7704:
6545:
6073:
The Slave in European Art: From Renaissance Trophy to Abolitionist Emblem
5865:
5610:"Abolition and Republicanism over the Transatlantic Long Term, 1640–1800"
5020:
4874:
4580:
3994:
3641:
3604:
3434:
3205:
2456:
2405:
2391:
1984:
1540:
1528:
881:
684:
674:
632:
446:
8496:
Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice
5399:. Medieval Sourcebook. Translated by Jo Ann McNamara. Fordham University
4834:
United Nations 1956 Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
3780: Abolition of slavery during or shortly after the Revolutionary War
3173:(1778), Wedderburn said that Knight owed him "perpetual servitude". The
3032:
re-abolished it in 1848 and the U.S. abolished slavery in 1865 with the
11067:
11055:
11025:
10991:
10931:
10613:
10165:
10114:
10050:
9777:
9652:
9565:
9549:
9457:
9206:
8500:
8384:
8309:
6365:"Celebrating the 250th Anniversary of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia"
6165:
5484:
5435:
The French Atlantic Triangle: literature and culture of the slave trade
5244:
5012:
4987:
4656:
4353:
4039:
3938:
3472:
3467:
he witnessed and opposed the poor treatment and virtual slavery of the
3238:
3201:
3121:
3094:
procedure. The African slaves' legal status was unclear until 1772 and
2814:
2727:
2576: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2388:
2254:
2196:
1992:
1688:
985:
689:
556:
42:
8483:
8260:
7980:"5 states to decide on closing slavery loopholes in voter referendums"
6187:
5842:"First Indian-American Identified: Mary Fisher, Born 1680 in Maryland"
5825:
3697:
3492:, contributed to Spanish passage of colonial legislation known as the
2853:
law officially acknowledges slavery and the Atlantic slave trade as a
2163:
In Eastern Europe, groups organized to abolish the enslavement of the
11501:
11338:
11073:
11035:
10628:
10442:
8364:
Towards Liberty: Slavery, the Slave Trade, Abolition and Emancipation
8267:
Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World
5672:
You Are All Free: The Haitian Revolution and the Abolition of Slavery
5622:
4700:
4506:
3725:, a slaveholder for much of his life, became a leading member of the
3548:
3464:
3406:
3225:
3221:
3209:
3064:
2827:
2719:
and sent military governors and troops to the colonies to impose it.
2686:
2680:
2416:
2411:
2400:
2380:
2340:
2298:
2168:
933:
598:
460:
8455:
original copies at the Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts.
8246:
Free-Trade Ideology and Transatlantic Abolitionism: A Historiography
7023:
Patchwork Freedoms: Law, Slavery, and Race beyond Cuba's Plantations
5852:
5850:
5476:
4607:, who served as associate editor, and first published, as a serial,
3894:, operating in tandem with other social reform efforts, such as the
2842:. The French also attempted to abolish Tuareg slavery following the
2551:
615:
11491:
11187:
11008:
10836:
10751:
10690:
10653:
9932:
9616:
9574:
9071:
8255:
Reckord, Mary. "The Colonial Office and the Abolition of Slavery."
6005:. Vol. II. New York: A.C. Armstrong and Son. pp. 274–275.
5858:"Slavery, freedom or perpetual servitude? – the Joseph Knight case"
5032:
4556:
3998:
3891:
3828: Subsequent operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863
3544:
3410:
2986:
2523:
2336:
2332:
2172:
1523:
1081:
1025:
977:
637:
482:
337:
243:
8687:
8366:. Produced by Sheffield City Council's Libraries and Archives (UK)
6844:
6713:
These and other African American temperance activists – including
6182:
Mary Reckord, "The Colonial Office and the Abolition of Slavery."
4736:
During the 20th century the issue of slavery was addressed by the
3529:, 1886 in Cuba, and 1888 in Brazil (where it was abolished by the
3500:, the first European debate about the rights of colonized people.
11406:
11261:
11173:
10002:
8288:
The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440–1870
6542:
A Heritage of Holiness: The Story of Allegheny Wesleyan Methodism
5847:
5420:
Forgetful of their Sex: Female Sanctity and Society, ca. 500–1100
4592:
4529:, the paper published continuously until the ratification of the
4481:(1836–38): an anti-slavery magazine for children produced by the
3890:
Abolitionism in the United States became a popular expression of
3460:
3103:
3099:
3045:
2850:
2445:
2344:
2314:
2098:
1506:
588:
268:
85:
50:
9888:
Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States
8341:
Elijah Parish Lovejoy: A Martyr on the Altar of American Liberty
8167:(2015). University Bielefeld – Center for InterAmerican Studies.
6393:
Barry Cahill, "Slavery and the Judges of Loyalist Nova Scotia",
5259:, other movements to address perceived social ills, such as the
4591:, and distributed locally and across the mid-west, primarily to
3822: Emancipation Proclamation as originally issued, 1 Jan 1863
2787:
11426:
9964:
6648:. Portland, Oregon: Independently Published. pp. 116–117.
5036:
3834: Abolition of slavery by state action during the Civil War
3775:
Abolition of slavery in the various states of the US over time:
3745:" for two more decades, although they could no longer be sold.
3648:
outlawed the slave trade in the British Empire in 1807 and the
3302:
led the cause of abolition through the parliamentary campaign.
3102:
to be resold into slavery. While in London, Somersett had been
3060:
2734:. The rebellion was repressed, and slavery was re-established.
2404:
in North America held slaves, particularly in the South around
2302:
2105:
1208:
1030:
610:
593:
455:
290:
258:
9824:
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
7803:
Barnes, Kathrine Lynn; Bendixsen, Casper G. (2 January 2017).
6479:
Benjamin Franklin: Genius of Kites, Flights, and Voting Rights
5638:
Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution
3993:
black volunteer soldiers muster out to their first freedom at
3852: Thirteenth Amendment to the US constitution, 18 Dec 1865
3612:
Loyalists. In 1772, prior to the American Revolution, Britain
3430:
2265:
are illegal in almost all countries, as well as being against
2191:, ending slavery "except as a punishment for crime". In 1888,
11391:
11381:
11376:
10848:
10843:
8440:
6955:
The Emancipation Proclamation: A Brief History with Documents
4936:
4748:, which was founded upon the investigation of the TSC of the
4023:, so that they would not be returned to their masters in the
2535:
2277:
continues to affect tens of millions of adults and children.
2129:
2117:
465:
451:
426:
8951:
Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historical Park
7419:
5076:
Whereas the original U.S. Constitution was pro-slavery, the
4894:
Article 11, Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, 1990
4836:
was convened to outlaw and ban slavery worldwide, including
4798:, and slaves were supplied to the Arabian Peninsula via the
4493:(1836–37): newspaper published in Ohio for and owned by the
3614:
determined that slavery could not exist in the British Isles
2541:
2494:
The slave revolt, in the largest Caribbean French colony of
11521:
7400:
6872:, eds., "John Mercer Langston: Principle and Politics", in
5815:, Vol. 3, No. 2, November 1983. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
4588:
2356:
became free when his father brought him to France in 1776.
332:
162:
8131:
The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770–1823
7170:"Why Abolitionist Frederick Douglass Loved the Photograph"
7156:"How Sojourner Truth Used Photography to Help End Slavery"
6763:
6633:. 17 September 1835. p. 1 – via newspapers.com.
5209:
is permitted in the state constitution as of November 2022
5060:
4603:(1847–60): a weekly newspaper which featured the works of
2846:. In the region of the Sahel, slavery has long persisted.
8011:
7936:
7025:. Cambridge: Cambrisge University Press. pp. 4, 29.
6559:
Abzug, Robert H.; Maizlish, Stephen E. (1 January 1986).
6448:
The Abolitionist Legacy: From Reconstruction to the NAACP
5520:
3667:
of 1793 was passed by the Assembly under the auspices of
3163:, on the grounds that he could not be held as a slave in
3020:. Britain abolished slavery throughout its empire by the
2667:(1792–1804), on 4 February 1794, under the leadership of
2285:
9800:
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
7688:
University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law
6892:
Hellfire Nation: The Politics of Sin in American History
6102:. H.M. Stationery Office 1790. 1790. p. 391 to 738.
3846: Operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1865
3840: Operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1864
3816: Abolition of slavery by Congressional action, 1862
3810: Abolition of slavery by Congressional action, 1861
3733:, Northern states abolished slavery, beginning with the
3603:
Throughout the growth of slavery in the American South,
2534:
finally led to independence and the creation of present
11506:
8410:, 5 March 2007 (available for video and audio download)
8335:
Twentieth Century Solutions of the Abolition of Slavery
6770:
Venturelli, Peter J.; Fleckenstein, Annette E. (2017).
5787:"Haiti was the first nation to permanently ban slavery"
2737:
8480:, Encyclopedia of Civil Liberties in the United States
8459:
University of Detroit Mercy Black Abolitionist Archive
7422:"The Root of Haiti's Misery: Reparations to Enslavers"
6769:
4859:
In December 1966, the UN General Assembly adopted the
3671:. It was the first legislation against slavery in the
3318:, it lay for years, in the House of Lords. Biographer
3127:
In his judgement of 22 June 1772, Mansfield declared:
2975:
Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade
2140:
movement began in the late 18th century, and the 1772
58:. 'An Arab master's punishment for a slight offence.'
5925:
Peter P. Hinks, John R. McKivigan, R. Owen Williams,
4947:. One major cause of Haiti's enduring poverty is the
4543:
and Jotham Horton, this became the periodical of the
4531:
Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
3463:(Central America, today Mexico). As a settler in the
3334:
to end their slave trade and allow the Royal Navy to
3277:, to establish which slaves were free after the war.
3044:
The last known form of enforced servitude of adults (
2778:
Treaty for the Suppression of the African Slave Trade
2359:
8347:
Brycchan Carey's pages listing British abolitionists
7901:
7048:
The Uses of Justice in Global Perspective, 1600–1900
6509:
The Young people's encyclopedia of the United States
4932:
and citizenship can prove intractable. For example:
4861:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
4827:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
3863:
In the 1850s in the fifteen states constituting the
3768:
in 1860 (which is reflected in the name of Church).
2981:
abolished slavery throughout its empire through the
2077:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
1463:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
7654:
Slavery and the Death Penalty: A Study in Abolition
6942:
Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery
6699:
Encyclopedia of African American History, 1619–1895
6533:
6506:
5779:
5318:
5287:
London Society of West India Planters and Merchants
3980:
2187:in December 1865 after having just fought a bloody
41:. For pardoned convicts in colonial Australia, see
10368:Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery
8968:Niagara Falls Underground Railroad Heritage Center
8331:, summaries and documents; focus on United States
8218:Unfree Labor; American Slavery and Russian Serfdom
6445:
6440:
5965:The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707
5607:
5084:There are suggestions that a broad reading of the
5031:Commemorative statue of 121 years of abolition in
2687:Re-establishment of slavery in the colonies (1802)
2663:The convention, the first elected Assembly of the
1855:Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf
8979:The Railroad to Freedom: A Story of the Civil War
7295:
6876:, University of Illinois Press, 1991, pp. 106–111
6552:
6476:
6071:Elizabeth Mcgrath and Jean Michel Massing (eds),
6003:The Constitutional History of England (1760–1860)
5961:"Regarding colliers and salters (ref: 1605/6/39)"
5546:
5544:
4945:exchanged unequal prosperity for relative poverty
4752:, was a turning point in banning global slavery.
4013:District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act
3925:. Black activists included former slaves such as
3727:Pennsylvania Society for the Abolition of Slavery
3437:was a noted abolitionist. Whilst Governor in the
11619:
8727:British Methodist Episcopal Church, Salem Chapel
8404:"Slavery – The emancipation movement in Britain"
7116:The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
6436:
6434:
5748:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press, 2005.
5675:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 246–375.
5608:Di Lorenzo, A; Donoghue, J; et al. (2016),
5603:
5601:
5584:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 725–726.
5268:, various organisations referred to by this name
4805:When the League of Nations was succeeded by the
4525:(1840–70): the official weekly newspaper of the
3489:A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
2408:, where they established sugarcane plantations.
1578:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
10322:List of last surviving American enslaved people
8490:"Scotland and the Abolition of the Slave Trade"
8144:Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery
7802:
6885:
6758:sapping the strength of free black communities.
6539:
6144:. Greenwood Press. pp. xxi, xxxiii–xxxiv.
3739:Pennsylvania's gradual emancipation act in 1780
2711:decided to re-establish slavery after becoming
9912:Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo"
8956:Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad State Park
8864:
8352:Teaching resources about Slavery and Abolition
7512:. anti-slaverysociety.addr.com. Archived from
7486:. anti-slaverysociety.addr.com. Archived from
6774:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 252.
6584:Introduction – Social Aspects of the Civil War
6408:"Nova Scotia Archives – African Nova Scotians"
5550:
5541:
5325:International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
4939:, which effectively achieved abolition due to
4473:above. Published in New York and later Boston.
3875:, could not be sent to Southern post offices.
3296:Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade
2498:in 1791, was the beginning of what became the
2104:The first country to fully outlaw slavery was
10418:
10404:
9087:
8516:
8123:(University of Illinois Press, 2014), 264 pp.
7302:. Oxford University Press. pp. 494–502.
6687:
6558:
6496:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 5.
6431:
6137:
5914:Housing, Race and Law: The British Experience
5699:The Haitian Revolution: A Documentary History
5640:. Harvard University Press. pp. 91–114.
5598:
5292:
4707:
4011:On 16 April 1862, Abraham Lincoln signed the
3387:. Thomas Clarkson was the key speaker at the
2788:Second abolition (1848) and subsequent events
2160:but did not ban slavery outright until 1865.
1818:
1784:
8938:National Underground Railroad Freedom Center
8441:National Underground Railroad Freedom Center
8391:History of the British abolitionist movement
8295:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
8274:The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery
7755:. Anti-Slavery International. Archived from
6701:. Oxford University Press, US. p. 228.
5422:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998
5313:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
5117:
4688:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
4375:
3949:said it challenged their autonomy. With the
3016:in 1807, after which Britain led efforts to
2776:for the suppression of the slave trade, the
2116:, chattel slavery has been abolished across
1583:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
8484:Largest Surviving Anti Slave Trade Petition
8400:by Right Honourable Lord Archer of Sandwell
7135:Enslaved: Peoples of Historical Slave Trade
6563:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 1.
6022:. University of Georgia Press. p. 35.
5929:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007, p. 643.
5308:Slavery in the British and French Caribbean
4994:Pacific Islander labour-force in 1901–1906.
4681:
3177:of Scotland ruled against him, saying that
3000:in 1804 and became the first nation in the
2335:slave merchant who tried to sell slaves in
2195:became the last country in the Americas to
1832:
10411:
10397:
9094:
9080:
8523:
8509:
8250:Journal of the History of Economic Thought
8119:Carey, Brycchan, and Geoffrey Plank, eds.
7907:
7889:US Department of Health and Human Services
7709:Ending Slavery: How We Free Today's Slaves
6662:
6643:
6291:. The Journal of Negro History. July 1920.
6236:
6215:, Vol. XIX, Supplement no. 4, 2010, p. 23.
4883:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
3071:have been documented in colonial records.
2530:. Victory over the French in the decisive
2226:, to eradicate the institution worldwide.
1825:
1811:
1791:
1777:
10336:Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book
8420:"Black Canada and the Journey to Freedom"
8281:The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition
8196:Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition
8136:The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture
7925:
7923:
7836:
7657:(1st ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
7622:
6693:
6491:
5927:Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition
5621:
5450:The Old Regime and the Haitian Revolution
5303:Representation of slavery in European art
5295:Monumento a la abolición de la esclavitud
5289:, a lobby group representing slave owners
4457:(1831–65): a weekly newspaper founded by
4079:
3693:Contemporary slavery in the United States
3394:
2636:Learn how and when to remove this message
2542:First general abolition of slavery (1794)
2177:to emancipate the serfs in Russia in 1861
2154:the northern states had abolished slavery
10317:Treatment of slaves in the United States
10091:Ama: A Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade
9405:(1766 Saint-Dominque – June 30, 1853 NY)
8822:Ann Maria Jackson and her seven children
8530:
8004:
7711:. University of California Press, 2007,
7351:"U.S. works to fight modern-day slavery"
7050:. New York: Routledge. pp. 183–197.
6979:
5947:British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society
5903:, Oxford University Press, 1943, p. 162.
5890:, The Lawbook Exchange, 2006, pp. 85–86.
5813:PULA Botswana Journal of African Studies
5200:
5026:
5002:
4761:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
4731:Convention of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1919
4723:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
4718:British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society
4691:
4379:
4112:
3984:
3770:
3696:
3586:
3507:
3429:
3373:British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society
3344:
3282:
3249:
3200:But at the same time, legally mandated,
3187:
3135:
3004:to permanently eliminate slavery in the
2902:case against slavery, banning it in the
2874:
2791:
2647:
2366:
2297:of Neustria and Burgundy by marriage to
2220:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
2067:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
1980:Convention of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1919
1890:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
1588:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf
1453:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
1433:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
49:
8194:Hinks, Peter, and John McKivigan, eds.
7650:
7601:
7573:
7063:
6613:. p. 4 – via newspapers.com.
6602:
6540:Satterfield, Ray; Cope, Daniel (2018).
6138:Falola, Toyin; Warnock, Amanda (2007).
5959:Brown, K.M.; et al., eds. (2007).
5901:History of the English-Speaking Peoples
5888:The Wit and Wisdom of the Bench and Bar
5462:
5335:
5061:American abolitionist constitutionalism
4646:Anti-Slavery International publications
4502:The Liberty Bell, by Friends of Freedom
4056:13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
3034:13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
14:
11620:
10254:Frederick Douglass and the White Negro
10075:Queen: The Story of an American Family
9995:Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp
8797:Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp
7920:
7908:Belardelli, Giulia (2 December 2014).
7646:
7644:
7642:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7569:
7567:
7565:
7563:
7561:
7109:
6895:. Yale University Press. p. 154.
6668:
6511:. Brookfield, Conn.: Millbrook Press.
6452:. Princeton University Press. p.
6015:
5695:
5668:
5635:
4575:(1845–1861): a newspaper published in
3523:Spanish American wars for independence
3155:After reading about Somersett's Case,
2898:was among the first to articulate the
2286:Early abolition in metropolitan France
2108:in 1315, but it was later used in its
2101:and liberate slaves around the world.
10392:
10027:Roots: The Saga of an American Family
9856:Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
9292:(c. 1745 Nigeria – 31 March 1797 Eng)
9075:
8504:
8063:
7929:
7348:
7095:"A emancipação na tribuna sagrada'".
7059:
7057:
7045:
7020:
7016:
7014:
7012:
6797:
6255:Peter Hinks and John McKivigan, eds.
6112:
5958:
5939:Anti-Slavery Society Convention, 1840
5266:Anti-Slavery Society (disambiguation)
5175:working to rid the world of slavery.
5138:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4865:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4768:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3941:and taking sexual advantage of them.
3929:and free blacks such as the brothers
3898:, and much more problematically, the
3479:on behalf of rights for the natives.
3459:priest, the first resident Bishop of
3413:, the government held slavery of the
2502:led by formerly enslaved people like
2235:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1870:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
1806:
1475:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
1152:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
9872:Life and Times of Frederick Douglass
9367:(1783 England – 1821 United States)
9101:
8025:
7064:Cowling, Camillia (4 October 2011).
6917:"African Americans in The Civil War"
6671:A. J. Tomlinson: Plainfolk Modernist
6319:Bridglal Pachai & Henry Bishop.
5453:, Cambridge University Press, p. 54.
4774:, explicitly banned slavery. After
4422:The Genius of Universal Emancipation
4329:Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh
3535:, the "Golden Law"). Chile declared
3471:by the Spanish colonists, under the
3106:; three godparents issued a writ of
2772:France was a signatory to the first
2738:Abolition of slavery in Haiti (1804)
2657:Society of the Friends of the Blacks
2574:adding citations to reliable sources
2545:
2481:Society of the Friends of the Blacks
1667:Slave marriages in the United States
1271:Human trafficking in the Middle East
8211:American Nineteenth Century History
7966:"Constitution of the United States"
7930:Radde, Kaitlyn (17 November 2022).
7685:
7639:
7590:
7558:
6791:
6603:Dresser, Amos (26 September 1835).
5993:
5184:United States Department of Justice
4911:, addresses human trafficking. The
4873:In May 2004, the 22 members of the
4264:Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
3798: The Missouri Compromise, 1821
3786: The Northwest Ordinance, 1787
3541:United Provinces of the River Plate
3356:) first conference in London, 1840.
2730:against Napoleon's representative,
2398:. In addition, French colonists in
2383:colonies, the French relied on the
1006:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
24:
10211:The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom
10083:Hang a Thousand Trees with Ribbons
9361:(c. 1710 Portugal – 1734 Montreal)
9314:Nunzio Otello Francesco Gioacchino
8973:Underground Railroad Bicycle Route
8764:The South Bend Fugitive Slave Case
8705:List of Underground Railroad sites
8435:Trafficking in Persons Report 2008
8358:"The Abolition of the Slave Trade"
8086:
8005:Chappell, Bill (7 November 2018).
7771:"Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law"
7233:
7128:
7054:
7009:
6811:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
6548:: Allegheny Press. pp. 32–33.
6202:UNESCO. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
6141:Encyclopedia of the middle passage
5773:"The Abolition of Slavery in 1848"
5521:Samantha Cook, Sarah Hull (2011).
5136:of the United Nations adopted the
4959:Russia's emancipation of its serfs
4918:
4729:. The 1890 Act was revised by the
4552:The Unconstitutionality of Slavery
4515:Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society
4437:newspaper published and edited by
4392:
4062:
3760:in 1843, and the formation of the
3512:Punishing slaves at Calabouço, in
3425:
2867:Abolitionism in the United Kingdom
2249:were abolished in 1962–1963, with
2120:since 1590, though other forms of
1660:last survivors of American slavery
25:
11649:
11602:Western European and Others Group
10312:Songs of the Underground Railroad
10272:Abolitionism in the United States
9780:(c. 1795 Nigeria – ? Brazil)
9411:(c. 1819 – ???, Puerto Rico)
9011:Freedom: The Underground Railroad
8914:Songs of the Underground Railroad
8845:Abolitionism in the United States
8316:
8227:, (Feb. 2015) 81#1 pp. 7–40.
8206:; 846 pp; 300 articles by experts
8116:, 82 (Winter-Spring 2014), 13–44.
6874:Black Leaders of the 19th Century
6288:Slavery in the Maritime Provinces
5233:United States Department of State
5067:Constitution of the United States
4913:International Labour Organization
3961:broke out in April 1861 with the
3685:Abolitionism in the United States
3475:system. He advocated before King
3245:
2998:declared independence from France
2958:). In the U.S., Northern states,
2695:, French slave-owners joined the
2394:in their Caribbean colonies; the
2210:founded a number of commissions,
1907:African Slave Trade Patrol (U.S.)
621:Field slaves in the United States
488:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate
54:Photograph of a slave boy in the
10360:Slave Songs of the United States
9864:The Underground Railroad Records
9774:(? Puerto Rico – 1555 Venezuela)
8920:The Underground Railroad Records
8686:
8026:Rios, Edwin (24 December 2022).
8019:
7998:
7972:
7958:
7944:
7882:
7861:
7796:
7787:
7781:
7763:
7741:
7722:
7698:
7679:
7528:
7502:
7476:
7450:
7432:
7413:
7394:
5809:"African Slaves and English Law"
5319:Organisations and commemorations
5282:List of abolitionist forerunners
5226: no mention in constitution
4998:
4982:penal labor in the United States
4633:
4430:Genius of Universal Emancipation
3981:Civil War and final emancipation
3678:
3503:
2860:
2550:
1875:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880
498:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
493:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
322:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
92:
9740:(19th century Indian Territory)
9714:(1766 Saint-Dominque – 1853 NY)
8722:Underground Railroad in Indiana
8105:, 2010; retrieved 14 June 2012.
7651:Malkani, Bharat (16 May 2018).
7510:"Slavery Abolition Act 1833 UK"
7364:
7349:McKee, Caroline (7 July 2015).
7342:
7316:
7296:David P. Forsythe, ed. (2009).
7289:
7280:
7271:
7262:
7253:
7227:
7201:
7176:
7162:
7148:
7122:
7103:
7099:. 1 January 1881. pp. 7–8.
7088:
7039:
6996:
6960:
6947:
6934:
6909:
6879:
6859:
6637:
6617:
6596:
6577:
6500:
6485:
6470:
6418:
6400:
6387:
6357:
6339:
6326:
6313:
6295:
6279:
6262:
6249:
6226:"Columbus 'sparked a genocide'"
6218:
6205:
6193:
6176:
6166:"William Loney RN – Background"
6158:
6131:
6118:
6106:
6100:"Journal of the House of Lords"
6092:
6078:
6065:
6036:
6009:
5987:
5952:
5932:
5919:
5906:
5893:
5880:
5834:
5818:
5801:
5765:
5751:
5738:
5725:
5716:
5689:
5662:
5629:
5571:
5438:, Duke University Press, p. 20.
5356:
5347:
5015:, commemorating the end of the
4863:, which was developed from the
4757:Committee of Experts on Slavery
4755:In 1932, the League formed the
4727:Brussels Conference Act of 1890
4547:and had a focus on abolitionism
3417:(often referred to as Gypsies)
2655:(1754–1793), who organized the
2561:needs additional citations for
2305:in 657 since the king, her son
2216:Committee of Experts on Slavery
1922:Eastern Naval Division (Brazil)
1895:Brussels Conference Act of 1890
1448:Committee of Experts on Slavery
999:East, Southeast, and South Asia
10344:Slave-Trading in the Old South
9398:(c. 1788 Bermuda – after 1833)
7131:"Stories / Adelina Charuteira"
6980:Foner, Eric; Garraty, John A.
6605:"Amos Dresser's Own Narrative"
6088:. Corbett. 1817. p. 1293.
5514:
5499:
5456:
5441:
5426:
5411:
5389:
5376:
5188:Coalition of Immokalee Workers
4881:, which incorporated the 1990
4522:National Anti-Slavery Standard
3634:Thomas Andrew Lumisden Strange
3593:Thomas Andrew Lumisden Strange
3553:Argentine Constitution of 1853
3039:
2882:(1705–1793), whose opinion in
2757:, in 1803 Napoleon decided to
2259:Today, child and adult slavery
1147:Slave raiding in Easter Island
13:
1:
10019:The Confessions of Nat Turner
9984:
9977:
9808:The Narrative of Robert Adams
9222:
8406:, lecture by James Walvin at
8103:Institute of European History
7821:10.1080/1059924X.2016.1251368
7576:"Abolition Constitutionalism"
6970:, 81#1 (February 2015), 7–40.
5886:Frederick Charles Moncrieff,
5862:National Archives of Scotland
5257:Abolitionism (disambiguation)
5169:International Justice Mission
4815:Charles Wilton Wood Greenidge
4714:World Anti-Slavery Convention
4563:advocating the view that the
4527:American Anti-Slavery Society
4483:American Anti-Slavery Society
4384:Medical examination photo of
4149:Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
4090:Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
4069:Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
3911:American Anti-Slavery Society
3754:Wesleyan Methodist Connection
3663:(1803). In Upper Canada, the
3652:outlawed slavery altogether.
3650:Slavery Abolition Act of 1833
3477:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
3389:World Anti-Slavery Convention
3312:Am I Not A Man and a Brother?
3181:was not recognized under the
2437:, spoke out against slavery.
2206:During the 20th century, the
2146:Slavery Abolition Act in 1833
59:
32:Abolitionism (disambiguation)
10352:Sarah Johnson's Mount Vernon
10307:Slavery in the United States
9664:Greensbury Washington Offley
9058:Slavery in the United States
8894:Reverse Underground Railroad
8758:Kentucky raid in Cass County
8360:, The National Archives (UK)
8189:Slavery in Russia: 1450–1725
7299:Encyclopedia of human rights
7082:10.1080/03071022.2011.598728
6507:Shapiro, William E. (1993).
6270:Province House (Nova Scotia)
5465:The Journal of Negro History
5369:
5340:
4879:Arab Charter on Human Rights
4742:Temporary Slavery Commission
4445:, who would go on to create
4254:Frances Ellen Watkins Harper
4033:United States Colored Troops
3735:1777 Constitution of Vermont
3689:Slavery in the United States
3561:, by both the government of
2871:Slavery in the British Isles
2809:On 27 April 1848, under the
2675:in France and its colonies.
2528:Expédition de Saint-Domingue
2212:Temporary Slavery Commission
2055:Temporary Slavery Commission
1438:Temporary Slavery Commission
1099:Slavery in the Mongol Empire
7:
10376:The Hemingses of Monticello
10277:African-American literature
8354:on blackhistory4schools.com
8259:14, no. 4 (1971): 723–734.
8225:Journal of Southern History
7729:"Does Slavery Still Exist?"
6982:"Emancipation Proclamation"
6968:Journal of Southern History
6944:(1979), pp. 30–36, 105–166.
6673:. Oxford University Press.
6426:Blacks in Canada: A History
6186:14, no. 4 (1971): 723–734.
5759:"Denmark Abolishes Slavery"
5250:
5186:has, through work with the
5165:American Anti-Slavery Group
4951:France forced on Haiti as "
4941:slave revolt and revolution
4901:U.S. Departments of Justice
4823:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
4539:(1843–present), founded by
3391:it held in London in 1840.
3294:After the formation of the
3218:Parliament of Great Britain
2960:beginning with Pennsylvania
2890:
2849:Passed on 10 May 2001, the
2175:between 1843 and 1855, and
2072:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
1902:West Africa Squadron (U.K.)
1458:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
503:Volga Bulgarian slave trade
10:
11654:
10192:A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin
9298:(c. 1705 Bornu – 1775 Eng)
9114:Slave Narrative Collection
9055:
8860:African-American opponents
8743:Emeline and Samuel Hawkins
8272:Rodriguez, Junius P., ed.
8265:Rodriguez, Junius P., ed.
8057:
7954:. state.gov. 10 June 2008.
7751:How we work to end slavery
6644:Cunningham, Jerry (2023).
6321:Historic Black Nova Scotia
6200:Anti-Slavery International
5669:Popkin, Jeremy D. (2010).
5524:The Rough Guide to the USA
5205:Map of states where slave
5161:Anti-Slavery International
5121:
5053:The Faculty of Law at the
4819:Anti-Slavery International
4708:International abolitionism
4685:
4469:(1833–50): different from
4412:Manumission Intelligencier
4116:
4048:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
3883:, was publicly whipped in
3731:American Revolutionary War
3682:
3628:freed his slaves. Led by
3580:
3445:for the murder of a slave.
3398:
3385:Anti-Slavery International
3354:Anti-Slavery International
3022:Slavery Abolition Act 1833
2910:and others in forming the
2864:
2753:Seeing the failure of the
2699:en masse and, through the
2485:Société des Amis des Noirs
2373:Chevalier de Saint-Georges
2293:, herself a former slave,
1643:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1480:Anti-Slavery International
1245:North Africa and West Asia
39:Anti-Slavery International
36:
29:
11372:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
11352:
11270:
11107:
10942:
10813:Standard Average European
10681:
10510:
10430:
10264:
10237:
10202:
10185:To a Southern Slaveholder
10176:
10141:
9973:The Bondwoman's Narrative
9922:
9848:My Bondage and My Freedom
9832:The Life of Josiah Henson
9816:American Slavery as It Is
9791:
9758:
9418:
9374:
9349:
9323:
9276:
9259:
9244:Andreas Matthäus Wolfgang
9133:
9122:
9109:
9053:
8930:
8837:
8810:Oberlin–Wellington Rescue
8735:
8695:
8684:
8538:
8213:4, no. 1 (2003): 185–205.
8172:Slavery in the Arab World
7894:10 September 2008 at the
7611:Journal of Legal Analysis
7574:Roberts, Dorothy (2019).
7484:"Slave Trade Act 1807 UK"
7444:Christian Science Monitor
6739:Frances E. Watkins Harper
6492:Bernstein, Robin (2024).
5969:University of St. Andrews
5945:, 1841, London, Given by
5916:, Routledge, 2002, p. 39.
5397:"The Life of St. Eligius"
5384:Slavery's last stronghold
5293:
5261:Prison abolition movement
5132:On 10 December 1948, the
5118:Contemporary abolitionism
5104:prison industrial complex
5078:Reconstruction Amendments
4770:, adopted in 1948 by the
4545:Wesleyan Methodist Church
4376:Abolitionist publications
4029:Emancipation Proclamation
3971:Lincoln called for troops
3951:1860 presidential victory
3900:women's suffrage movement
3881:Lane Theological Seminary
3869:1860 United States Census
3712:The Struggle For Equality
3576:
3539:in 1811, followed by the
3405:In the principalities of
3192:The painting of the 1840
3118:Court of the King's Bench
3014:international slave trade
2994:transatlantic slave trade
2784:, declined to ratify it.
2755:Saint-Domingue expedition
2693:French Revolutionary Wars
2280:
2097:, is the movement to end
1840:
1739:Emancipation Proclamation
1411:Opposition and resistance
1169:Sex trafficking in Europe
1157:Blackbirding in Polynesia
720:Trans-Saharan slave trade
11638:African diaspora history
11512:Lancaster House Treaties
11002:Christian existentialism
10962:Ancient Roman philosophy
10952:Ancient Greek philosophy
10131:The Underground Railroad
9896:The Peculiar Institution
9541:Sarah Jane Woodson Early
9043:The Underground Railroad
8486:from Manchester, UK 1806
8437:, US Department of State
8323:The Abolitionist Seminar
8252:37 (June 2015): 291–304.
8069:William Pitt the Younger
7542:, Canada. Archived from
6953:Michael Vorenberg, ed.,
6827:10.4135/9781412965811.n1
6593:, National Park Service.
6397:, 43 (1994), pp. 73–135.
5999:"Last Relics of Slavery"
5636:Dubois, Laurent (2004).
5272:Compensated emancipation
5019:; the stick figure is a
4953:compensated emancipation
4682:National abolition dates
4509:edited and published by
3622:James Drummond MacGregor
3149:exact legal implications
2835:), and then freed them.
2726:launched a rebellion in
2673:abolished slavery in law
2516:Léger-Félicité Sonthonax
2363:and Age of Enlightenment
1519:Compensated emancipation
730:Indian Ocean slave trade
11290:Equality before the law
10497:Romano-Germanic culture
10302:Films featuring slavery
9766:Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua
9690:William Henry Singleton
9495:Ellen and William Craft
8944:Harriet Tubman Memorial
8478:"Abolitionist Movement"
8151:Encyclopedia of Slavery
8099:European History Online
7809:Journal of Agromedicine
7403:"Haiti's Lost Billions"
7236:"Voice of the Bondsman"
7021:Chira, Adriana (2022).
6477:Seymour Stanton Black.
6086:"Parliamentary History"
5899:Mowat, Robert Balmain,
5614:La Révolution Française
5551:Terry L. Jones (2007).
5432:Christopher L. Miller,
4949:Haiti Independence Debt
4746:1926 Slavery Convention
4605:John Greenleaf Whittier
4209:Ellen and William Craft
3919:John Greenleaf Whittier
3336:seize their slave ships
3194:Anti-Slavery Convention
3116:, Chief Justice of the
2512:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
2239:Slavery in Saudi Arabia
2224:1926 Slavery Convention
2134:Revolution of 1791–1804
2112:. Under the actions of
2060:1926 Slavery Convention
2045:Treaty of Jeddah (1927)
2030:Battle of Little Bereby
1834:Slave trade suppression
1443:1926 Slavery Convention
1199:Germany in World War II
816:North and South America
338:Contract of manumission
27:Movement to end slavery
11452:Eastern European Group
11041:Continental philosophy
10972:Judeo-Christian ethics
10957:Hellenistic philosophy
10438:Cradle of civilization
10150:Amos Fortune, Free Man
9384:Juan Francisco Manzano
9359:Marie-Joseph Angélique
9267:Brigitta Scherzenfeldt
9250:Johann Georg Wolffgang
9232:Guðríður Símonardóttir
9171:James Leander Cathcart
8385:American Abolitionists
8304:16.10 (2018): e12480.
8244:Palen, Marc-William. "
8108:Blackwell, Marilyn S.
8093:Bader-Zaar, Birgitta,
6715:James W. C. Pennington
6016:Blanck, Emily (2014).
5943:Benjamin Robert Haydon
5702:. Hackett Publishing.
5696:Geggus, David (2014).
5242:legislatively referred
5228:
5146:
5039:
5024:
4978:civil-rights struggles
4897:
4842:Faisal of Saudi Arabia
4704:
4572:The Anti-Slavery Bugle
4459:William Lloyd Garrison
4443:William Lloyd Garrison
4441:. In 1829 it employed
4401:(1819–20): founded in
4389:
4239:William Lloyd Garrison
4102:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
4080:Women and Abolitionism
4008:
3931:Charles Henry Langston
3907:William Lloyd Garrison
3860:
3766:Benjamin Titus Roberts
3707:
3638:Sampson Salter Blowers
3600:
3517:
3450:Bartolomé de las Casas
3446:
3395:Moldavia and Wallachia
3357:
3291:
3255:
3197:
3144:
3134:
2983:Law of 4 February 1794
2977:was formed in London.
2887:
2855:crime against humanity
2806:
2780:(1841), but the king,
2765:to the United States.
2744:Law of 4 February 1794
2669:Maximilien Robespierre
2660:
2653:Jacques Pierre Brissot
2477:Jacques Pierre Brissot
2462:The Spirit of the Laws
2376:
2354:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
2009:Bombardment of Johanna
1917:Brazil Squadron (U.S.)
1912:Africa Squadron (U.S.)
924:British Virgin Islands
476:Circassian slave trade
442:Safavid imperial harem
437:Ottoman Imperial Harem
66:
11572:Three Seas Initiative
11547:Pacific Islands Forum
11412:British–Irish Council
11160:Greek Orthodox Church
10619:Industrial Revolution
10589:Scientific Revolution
10099:Walk Through Darkness
10035:Underground to Canada
9648:Jermain Wesley Loguen
9593:(1848/1854 VA – 1957)
9520:Ayuba Suleiman Diallo
9336:Konstantin Mihailović
9284:Lovisa von Burghausen
9003:The Quest for Freedom
8668:Charles Turner Torrey
8663:Harriet Beecher Stowe
8628:Harriet Forten Purvis
8476:Raymond James Krohn,
8465:Abolitionist movement
8380:American Abolitionism
8329:American Abolitionism
8297:48.5 (2020): 805–825.
8163:6 August 2016 at the
8149:Finkelman, Paul, ed.
8121:Quakers and Abolition
7738:Anti-Slavery Society.
7663:10.4324/9781315609300
7112:"Woman Abolitionists"
7110:McCutcheon, Roberta.
6813:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
6669:Robins, R.G. (2004).
6625:"Amos Dresser's Case"
5554:The Louisiana Journey
5204:
5142:
5030:
5006:
4990:deported most of its
4887:
4840:. In November 1962,
4699:abolished slavery in
4697:José Gregorio Monagas
4695:
4675:Voice of the Bondsman
4652:Voice of the Fugitive
4609:Harriet Beecher Stowe
4505:(1839–58): an annual
4383:
4334:Harriet Beecher Stowe
4234:Henry Highland Garnet
4119:List of abolitionists
4113:Notable abolitionists
3988:
3963:firing on Fort Sumter
3923:Harriet Beecher Stowe
3879:, a white alumnus of
3774:
3762:Free Methodist Church
3750:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
3700:
3590:
3511:
3433:
3366:Slavery Abolition Act
3348:
3340:Amelioration Act 1798
3286:
3253:
3234:The Wealth of Nations
3191:
3139:
3129:
3080:Montgomery v. Sheddan
3010:1804 Haitian massacre
2878:
2795:
2715:. He promulgated the
2651:
2508:Toussaint L'Ouverture
2489:free people of colour
2387:for labour for their
2370:
2158:importation of slaves
2132:, as a result of the
2095:abolitionist movement
1163:Europe and North Asia
1123:Australia and Oceania
823:Pre-Columbian America
395:Slave raid of Suðuroy
327:Slavery in al-Andalus
249:Black Sea slave trade
178:21st-century jihadism
56:Sultanate of Zanzibar
53:
11567:Special Relationship
10977:Christian philosophy
10922:Western Christianity
10584:Age of Enlightenment
10458:Hellenistic Kingdoms
10297:Caribbean literature
10287:Atlantic slave trade
9840:Twelve Years a Slave
9733:Booker T. Washington
9535:Jordan Winston Early
8987:A Woman Called Moses
8855:opponents of slavery
8828:Thirteenth Amendment
8790:Joshua Glover rescue
8603:Laura Smith Haviland
8532:Underground Railroad
8470:7 April 2011 at the
8396:6 April 2007 at the
8241:(W. W. Norton, 2012)
8234:(W.W. Norton, 2021).
8129:Davis, David Brion,
7734:6 April 2007 at the
7540:University of Ottawa
6731:Samuel Ringgold Ward
6589:14 July 2007 at the
6213:Transylvanian Review
5868:on 27 September 2011
5336:References and notes
5140:. Article 4 states:
5124:Contemporary slavery
5093:Fourteenth Amendment
5086:Thirteenth Amendment
5055:University of Ottawa
5017:Atlantic slave trade
4511:Maria Weston Chapman
4495:Anti-Slavery Society
4403:Jonesboro, Tennessee
4274:Toussaint Louverture
4219:Sarah Mapps Douglass
3935:John Mercer Langston
3885:Nashville, Tennessee
3630:Richard John Uniacke
3618:Knight v. Wedderburn
3170:Knight v. Wedderburn
2979:Revolutionary France
2964:gradual emancipation
2570:improve this article
2453:Age of Enlightenment
2429:compared to 0.8% in
2385:Atlantic slave trade
2253:following in 1970.
2138:British abolitionist
1618:Indentured servitude
1546:Underground Railroad
1346:United Arab Emirates
735:Zanzibar slave trade
702:By country or region
515:Atlantic slave trade
417:Ma malakat aymanukum
301:Venetian slave trade
30:For other uses, see
11633:Political movements
11592:West Nordic Council
11457:Eastern Partnership
11046:Analytic philosophy
10747:Classical tradition
10569:Early modern period
10525:Classical antiquity
10520:European Bronze Age
10292:Captivity narrative
10123:The Book of Negroes
9904:The Slave Community
9768:(1845–1847, Brazil)
9695:James Lindsay Smith
9602:John Andrew Jackson
9537:(1814 – after 1894)
9491:(1845 KY – 1938 OH)
9484:William Wells Brown
9443:Jared Maurice Arter
9438:William J. Anderson
9331:Johann Schiltberger
8995:Roots of Resistance
8877:Fugitive slave laws
8623:William Cooper Nell
8447:The Liberator Files
8443:in Cincinnati, Ohio
8142:Drescher, Seymour.
8071:. HarperPerennial.
7914:The Huffington Post
7624:10.1093/jla/3.1.165
7464:on 26 December 2010
7458:"1807 Commemorated"
7372:"Human Trafficking"
7184:"The True Wesleyan"
6743:William Wells Brown
6735:Sarah Parker Remond
5995:May, Thomas Erskine
5840:Francis C. Assisi,
5733:The Oglethorpe Plan
5527:. Rough Guides UK.
5447:Malick W. Ghachem,
5418:Schulenburg, Jane.
5386:", CNN. March 2012.
5091:Section one of the
5009:Kunta Kinteh Island
4963:revolutions of 1917
4930:land-redistribution
4800:Red Sea slave trade
4772:UN General Assembly
4716:, organised by the
4567:prohibited slavery.
4364:William Wilberforce
4339:Henry David Thoreau
4199:Oren Burbank Cheney
4194:William Wells Brown
3896:temperance movement
3743:indentured servants
3665:Act Against Slavery
3567:government in exile
3452:was a 16th-century
3439:British West Indies
3300:William Wilberforce
3288:William Wilberforce
3260:American Revolution
2990:restored it in 1802
2968:Missouri compromise
2951:American Revolution
2908:William Wilberforce
2904:Province of Georgia
2774:multilateral treaty
2763:Louisiana Territory
2532:Battle of Vertières
2291:Balthild of Chelles
2273:for labour and for
1704:Slave Route Project
835:Americas indigenous
725:Red Sea slave trade
715:Contemporary Africa
578:Topics and practice
348:Crimean slave trade
343:Bukhara slave trade
296:Genoese slave trade
173:Contemporary Africa
153:Forced prostitution
11051:Post-structuralism
11014:Christian humanism
10644:Universal suffrage
10246:Unchained Memories
9751:(b. c. 1780 Congo)
9525:Frederick Douglass
9296:Ukawsaw Gronniosaw
9195:Maria ter Meetelen
8998:(1989 documentary)
8658:Calvin Ellis Stowe
8578:Frederick Douglass
8573:Richard Dillingham
8492:– schools resource
8370:The slavery debate
8310:10.1111/hic3.12480
8257:Historical Journal
7898:, TVPA Fact Sheet.
7580:Harvard Law Review
7426:The New York Times
7407:The New York Times
7376:polarisproject.org
7324:"Slavery in Islam"
7240:news.ourontario.ca
7172:. 4 December 2015.
7129:Acerbi, Patricia.
6747:Frederick Douglass
6442:James M. McPherson
6375:on 12 January 2015
6274:History of Halifax
6232:. 12 October 2003.
6184:Historical Journal
5277:History of slavery
5229:
5040:
5025:
4792:the Trucial States
4705:
4664:Provincial Freeman
4627:Frederick Douglass
4490:The Philanthropist
4478:The Slave's Friend
4390:
4314:William B. Preston
4309:José do Patrocínio
4214:Frederick Douglass
4184:James McCune Smith
4154:Adelina Charuteira
4073:Adelina Charuteira
4009:
3959:American Civil War
3927:Frederick Douglass
3861:
3716:James M. McPherson
3708:
3669:John Graves Simcoe
3601:
3597:Black Nova Scotian
3518:
3447:
3401:Slavery in Romania
3358:
3328:British Parliament
3326:was passed by the
3292:
3256:
3198:
3145:
3084:Spens v. Dalrymple
3074:Some of the first
3054:English Civil Wars
3026:exception of India
3024:(with the notable
3002:Western Hemisphere
2923:English common law
2888:
2840:French West Africa
2825:(white colonists;
2807:
2732:General Richepanse
2717:law of 20 May 1802
2709:Napoleon Bonaparte
2697:counter-revolution
2661:
2500:Haitian Revolution
2491:full citizenship.
2396:French West Indies
2377:
2114:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
1880:Blockade of Africa
1485:Blockade of Africa
792:Somali slave trade
708:Sub-Saharan Africa
400:Turkish Abductions
358:Khivan slave trade
353:Khazar slave trade
306:Balkan slave trade
264:Prague slave trade
67:
11615:
11614:
11442:Council of Europe
11344:International law
11297:Constitutionalism
11155:Eastern Orthodoxy
10661:Post–Cold War era
10594:Age of Revolution
10448:Greco-Roman world
10386:
10385:
10158:I, Juan de Pareja
10142:Young adult books
9949:Uncle Tom's Cabin
9792:Non-fiction books
9787:
9786:
9744:Harriet E. Wilson
9628:Elizabeth Keckley
9474:Henry "Box" Brown
9392:(1860–1965, Cuba)
9386:(1797–1854, Cuba)
9341:George of Hungary
9316:(1792 – fl. 1828)
9069:
9068:
9062:Slavery in Canada
9046:(2021 miniseries)
9014:(2013 board game)
8990:(1978 miniseries)
8783:Uncle Tom's Cabin
8425:1807 Commemorated
8416:at Scholastic.com
8414:Escape to Freedom
8375:John Brown Museum
8078:978-0-00-714720-5
7986:. 20 October 2022
7759:on 19 March 2023.
7717:978-0-520-25470-1
7672:978-1-315-60930-0
7603:Barnett, Randy E.
7234:Linton, J. J. E.
6984:. History Channel
6940:Leon F. Litwack,
6902:978-0-300-10517-9
6815:SAGE Publications
6781:978-1-284-11087-6
6772:Drugs and Society
6708:978-0-19-516777-1
6680:978-0-19-988317-2
6570:978-0-8131-1571-9
6463:978-0-691-10039-5
6151:978-0-313-33480-1
5912:MacEwen, Martin,
5789:. Gaffield, Julia
5744:Wise, Steven M.,
5709:978-1-62466-177-8
5682:978-0-521-51722-5
5647:978-0-674-03436-5
5591:978-0-521-63266-9
5564:978-1-4236-2380-9
5534:978-1-4053-8952-5
5245:ballot referendum
5128:Human trafficking
4905:Homeland Security
4766:Article 4 of the
4750:League of Nations
4738:League of Nations
4614:Uncle Tom's Cabin
4585:Columbiana County
4565:U.S. Constitution
4284:Harriet Martineau
4244:Elijah P. Lovejoy
4144:Prudence Crandall
4139:Lydia Maria Child
4129:John Quincy Adams
4017:Confiscation Acts
3723:Benjamin Franklin
3703:Uncle Tom's Cabin
3583:Slavery in Canada
3498:Valladolid debate
3231:In the 1776 book
3216:by an act of the
3167:. In the case of
3018:block slave ships
2956:Slavery in Canada
2813:(1848–1852), the
2646:
2645:
2638:
2620:
2326:overseas colonies
2271:human trafficking
2267:international law
2208:League of Nations
2124:were used during
2087:
2086:
1885:Kanunname of 1889
1801:
1800:
1751:Freedmen's Bureau
1573:Third Servile War
1568:International law
1135:Human trafficking
897:Human trafficking
572:Thirteen colonies
390:Sack of Baltimore
158:Human trafficking
16:(Redirected from
11645:
11487:EU Customs Union
11019:Secular humanism
10967:Christian ethics
10917:East–West Schism
10900:Physical culture
10624:Great Divergence
10574:Age of Discovery
10413:
10406:
10399:
10390:
10389:
9989:
9986:
9982:
9979:
9957:The Heroic Slave
9712:Pierre Toussaint
9707:(1793 VA – 1860)
9671:(1827 VA – 1900)
9403:Pierre Toussaint
9238:Antoine Qaurtier
9227:
9224:
9131:
9130:
9103:Slave narratives
9096:
9089:
9082:
9073:
9072:
9030:(2016 TV series)
8690:
8548:William Brinkley
8525:
8518:
8511:
8502:
8501:
8430:The Action Group
8279:Sinha, Manisha.
8216:Kolchin, Peter.
8156:Kemner, Jochen.
8111:
8082:
8051:
8050:
8048:
8046:
8023:
8017:
8016:
8002:
7996:
7995:
7993:
7991:
7976:
7970:
7969:
7962:
7956:
7955:
7948:
7942:
7941:
7927:
7918:
7917:
7905:
7899:
7886:
7880:
7879:
7877:
7865:
7859:
7858:
7840:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7785:
7779:
7778:
7777:. 9 August 2007.
7767:
7761:
7760:
7745:
7739:
7726:
7720:
7702:
7696:
7695:
7683:
7677:
7676:
7648:
7637:
7636:
7626:
7599:
7588:
7587:
7571:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7551:
7532:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7521:
7516:on 29 April 2008
7506:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7495:
7480:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7469:
7454:
7448:
7447:
7436:
7430:
7429:
7417:
7411:
7410:
7398:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7387:
7378:. Archived from
7368:
7362:
7361:
7359:
7357:
7346:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7335:
7320:
7314:
7313:
7293:
7287:
7284:
7278:
7275:
7269:
7266:
7260:
7257:
7251:
7250:
7248:
7246:
7231:
7225:
7224:
7222:
7220:
7215:. 21 August 2019
7205:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7194:
7180:
7174:
7173:
7166:
7160:
7159:
7152:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7126:
7120:
7119:
7107:
7101:
7100:
7097:O Abolicionista
7092:
7086:
7085:
7061:
7052:
7051:
7043:
7037:
7036:
7018:
7007:
7000:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6989:
6977:
6971:
6964:
6958:
6951:
6945:
6938:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6927:
6913:
6907:
6906:
6883:
6877:
6863:
6857:
6856:
6821:. pp. 1–2.
6799:Smith, George H.
6795:
6789:
6788:
6767:
6761:
6760:
6691:
6685:
6684:
6666:
6660:
6659:
6641:
6635:
6634:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6600:
6594:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6556:
6550:
6549:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6504:
6498:
6497:
6489:
6483:
6482:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6451:
6438:
6429:
6422:
6416:
6415:
6414:. 20 April 2020.
6404:
6398:
6391:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6371:. Archived from
6361:
6355:
6354:
6351:www.biographi.ca
6343:
6337:
6330:
6324:
6317:
6311:
6310:
6299:
6293:
6292:
6283:
6277:
6266:
6260:
6253:
6247:
6240:
6234:
6233:
6222:
6216:
6209:
6203:
6197:
6191:
6180:
6174:
6173:
6162:
6156:
6155:
6135:
6129:
6122:
6116:
6110:
6104:
6103:
6096:
6090:
6089:
6082:
6076:
6069:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6055:
6046:. Archived from
6040:
6034:
6033:
6013:
6007:
6006:
5991:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5971:. Archived from
5956:
5950:
5936:
5930:
5923:
5917:
5910:
5904:
5897:
5891:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5864:. Archived from
5854:
5845:
5838:
5832:
5822:
5816:
5807:V.C.D. Mtubani,
5805:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5769:
5763:
5762:
5755:
5749:
5742:
5736:
5731:Wilson, Thomas,
5729:
5723:
5720:
5714:
5713:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5666:
5660:
5659:
5633:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5623:10.4000/lrf.1690
5605:
5596:
5595:
5575:
5569:
5568:
5548:
5539:
5538:
5518:
5512:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5460:
5454:
5445:
5439:
5430:
5424:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5393:
5387:
5380:
5363:
5360:
5354:
5351:
5299:, in Puerto Rico
5298:
5297:
5225:
5219:
5213:
5134:General Assembly
5050:British Empire.
4895:
4885:, which states:
4850:slavery in Dubai
4846:slavery in Yemen
4640:Slave narratives
4600:The National Era
4561:Lysander Spooner
4304:Daniel O'Connell
4289:John Stuart Mill
4159:Phillis Wheatley
4106:Phillis Wheatley
3946:Republican Party
3915:Wendell Phillips
3909:(founder of the
3857:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3636:(1790–1796) and
3616:followed by the
3563:Fructuoso Rivera
3537:freedom of wombs
3494:New Laws of 1542
3469:Native Americans
3175:Court of Session
3096:Somersett's Case
3008:, following the
2896:James Oglethorpe
2819:Victor Schœlcher
2782:Louis Philippe I
2742:The news of the
2722:On 10 May 1802,
2701:Whitehall Accord
2641:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2578:
2554:
2546:
2520:Étienne Polverel
2247:slavery in Dubai
2243:slavery in Yemen
1927:Slave Trade Acts
1835:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1763:Emancipation Day
1596:
1563:Slave Trade Acts
254:Byzantine Empire
96:
69:
68:
64:
61:
21:
11653:
11652:
11648:
11647:
11646:
11644:
11643:
11642:
11618:
11617:
11616:
11611:
11577:UKUSA Agreement
11517:Lublin Triangle
11402:Baltic Assembly
11354:
11348:
11266:
11103:
10938:
10808:Eurolinguistics
10677:
10666:Information age
10639:Interwar period
10506:
10426:
10417:
10387:
10382:
10328:Book of Negroes
10282:Anti-Tom novels
10260:
10233:
10198:
10172:
10137:
10107:The Known World
9987:
9980:
9918:
9880:Up from Slavery
9783:
9772:Miguel de Buría
9754:
9723:Wallace Turnage
9659:Solomon Northup
9591:Fountain Hughes
9433:Jordan Anderson
9420:
9414:
9390:Esteban Montejo
9376:
9370:
9351:
9345:
9319:
9290:Olaudah Equiano
9272:
9255:
9225:
9189:Elizabeth Marsh
9177:Ólafur Egilsson
9165:Felice Caronni
9126:
9124:
9118:
9105:
9100:
9070:
9065:
9064:
9049:
8926:
8872:Fugitive slaves
8833:
8770:Christiana Riot
8731:
8691:
8682:
8583:Calvin Fairbank
8534:
8529:
8472:Wayback Machine
8408:Gresham College
8398:Wayback Machine
8319:
8314:
8302:History Compass
8185:Hellie, Richard
8177:Gould, Philip.
8165:Wayback Machine
8114:Vermont History
8109:
8089:
8087:Further reading
8079:
8060:
8055:
8054:
8044:
8042:
8024:
8020:
8003:
7999:
7989:
7987:
7978:
7977:
7973:
7964:
7963:
7959:
7950:
7949:
7945:
7928:
7921:
7906:
7902:
7896:Wayback Machine
7887:
7883:
7875:
7867:
7866:
7862:
7801:
7797:
7786:
7782:
7769:
7768:
7764:
7747:
7746:
7742:
7736:Wayback Machine
7727:
7723:
7703:
7699:
7684:
7680:
7673:
7649:
7640:
7600:
7591:
7572:
7559:
7549:
7547:
7534:
7533:
7529:
7519:
7517:
7508:
7507:
7503:
7493:
7491:
7482:
7481:
7477:
7467:
7465:
7456:
7455:
7451:
7438:
7437:
7433:
7418:
7414:
7399:
7395:
7385:
7383:
7382:on 21 July 2015
7370:
7369:
7365:
7355:
7353:
7347:
7343:
7333:
7331:
7322:
7321:
7317:
7310:
7294:
7290:
7285:
7281:
7276:
7272:
7267:
7263:
7258:
7254:
7244:
7242:
7232:
7228:
7218:
7216:
7207:
7206:
7202:
7192:
7190:
7188:Wesleyan Church
7182:
7181:
7177:
7168:
7167:
7163:
7154:
7153:
7149:
7139:
7137:
7127:
7123:
7108:
7104:
7094:
7093:
7089:
7062:
7055:
7044:
7040:
7033:
7019:
7010:
7001:
6997:
6987:
6985:
6978:
6974:
6965:
6961:
6952:
6948:
6939:
6935:
6925:
6923:
6915:
6914:
6910:
6903:
6887:James A. Morone
6884:
6880:
6866:Leon F. Litwack
6864:
6860:
6837:
6796:
6792:
6782:
6768:
6764:
6727:William Whipper
6723:William Watkins
6709:
6695:Finkelman, Paul
6692:
6688:
6681:
6667:
6663:
6656:
6642:
6638:
6623:
6622:
6618:
6601:
6597:
6591:Wayback Machine
6582:
6578:
6571:
6557:
6553:
6538:
6534:
6519:
6505:
6501:
6490:
6486:
6475:
6471:
6464:
6439:
6432:
6423:
6419:
6406:
6405:
6401:
6395:UNB Law Journal
6392:
6388:
6378:
6376:
6363:
6362:
6358:
6345:
6344:
6340:
6331:
6327:
6318:
6314:
6301:
6300:
6296:
6285:
6284:
6280:
6267:
6263:
6254:
6250:
6241:
6237:
6224:
6223:
6219:
6210:
6206:
6198:
6194:
6181:
6177:
6164:
6163:
6159:
6152:
6136:
6132:
6128:, London, 1808.
6123:
6119:
6111:
6107:
6098:
6097:
6093:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6075:, London, 2012.
6070:
6066:
6053:
6051:
6042:
6041:
6037:
6030:
6014:
6010:
5992:
5988:
5978:
5976:
5967:. St. Andrews:
5957:
5953:
5937:
5933:
5924:
5920:
5911:
5907:
5898:
5894:
5885:
5881:
5871:
5869:
5856:
5855:
5848:
5839:
5835:
5823:
5819:
5806:
5802:
5792:
5790:
5785:
5784:
5780:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5757:
5756:
5752:
5743:
5739:
5730:
5726:
5721:
5717:
5710:
5694:
5690:
5683:
5667:
5663:
5648:
5634:
5630:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5576:
5572:
5565:
5557:. Gibbs Smith.
5549:
5542:
5535:
5519:
5515:
5504:
5500:
5477:10.2307/2649071
5461:
5457:
5446:
5442:
5431:
5427:
5416:
5412:
5402:
5400:
5395:
5394:
5390:
5381:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5357:
5352:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5321:
5253:
5227:
5223:
5221:
5220: forbidden
5217:
5215:
5214: permitted
5211:
5173:Free the Slaves
5130:
5120:
5063:
5001:
4974:Jim Crow system
4921:
4919:After abolition
4896:
4893:
4854:slavery in Oman
4784:in Saudi Arabia
4780:chattel slavery
4710:
4690:
4684:
4636:
4471:The Emancipator
4466:The Emancipator
4417:The Emancipator
4399:The Emancipator
4395:
4378:
4373:
4344:Sojourner Truth
4324:Granville Sharp
4279:Solomon Northup
4204:Thomas Clarkson
4164:Angelina Grimke
4121:
4115:
4082:
4065:
4063:Cuba and Brazil
4004:Harper's Weekly
3983:
3955:Abraham Lincoln
3859:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3695:
3683:Main articles:
3681:
3646:Slave Trade Act
3585:
3579:
3506:
3428:
3426:In the Americas
3403:
3397:
3350:Thomas Clarkson
3324:Slave Trade Act
3308:Josiah Wedgwood
3304:Thomas Clarkson
3274:Book of Negroes
3248:
3196:at Exeter Hall.
3183:law of Scotland
3179:chattel slavery
3141:Olaudah Equiano
3112:. As a result,
3042:
3030:French colonies
2893:
2884:Somerset's Case
2873:
2865:Main articles:
2863:
2811:Second Republic
2790:
2748:Colonel Delgrès
2740:
2724:Colonel Delgrès
2689:
2642:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2579:
2577:
2567:
2555:
2544:
2504:Georges Biassou
2365:
2288:
2283:
2251:slavery in Oman
2218:(1932) and the
2201:Empire of Japan
2183:would pass the
2088:
2083:
2035:Hamerton Treaty
2001:Capture of the
1972:Capture of the
1966:Veloz Passagera
1964:Capture of the
1956:Capture of the
1948:Capture of the
1940:Capture of the
1932:Capture of the
1836:
1833:
1831:
1797:
1768:
1767:
1672:Slave narrative
1628:Fugitive slaves
1608:
1600:
1599:
1590:
1558:Slave rebellion
1413:
1403:
1402:
1361:
1351:
1350:
1173:United Kingdom
1109:Yankee princess
703:
695:
694:
422:Avret Pazarları
368:Avret Pazarları
237:Medieval Europe
203:
193:
192:
131:Forced marriage
106:
62:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11651:
11641:
11640:
11635:
11630:
11613:
11612:
11610:
11609:
11607:Westernization
11604:
11599:
11594:
11589:
11587:Visegrád Group
11584:
11579:
11574:
11569:
11564:
11559:
11554:
11549:
11544:
11539:
11534:
11529:
11527:Nordic Council
11524:
11519:
11514:
11509:
11504:
11499:
11494:
11489:
11484:
11479:
11474:
11469:
11464:
11459:
11454:
11449:
11444:
11439:
11434:
11429:
11424:
11422:Bucharest Nine
11419:
11414:
11409:
11404:
11399:
11394:
11389:
11387:Arctic Council
11384:
11379:
11374:
11369:
11364:
11358:
11356:
11350:
11349:
11347:
11346:
11341:
11336:
11335:
11334:
11329:
11324:
11319:
11314:
11309:
11299:
11294:
11293:
11292:
11282:
11276:
11274:
11268:
11267:
11265:
11264:
11259:
11254:
11253:
11252:
11247:
11242:
11237:
11232:
11231:
11230:
11225:
11220:
11215:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11185:
11184:
11183:
11182:
11181:
11171:
11170:
11169:
11164:
11163:
11162:
11152:
11151:
11150:
11140:
11139:
11138:
11113:
11111:
11105:
11104:
11102:
11101:
11100:
11099:
11089:
11084:
11079:
11078:
11077:
11065:
11064:
11063:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11033:
11028:
11023:
11022:
11021:
11016:
11006:
11005:
11004:
10997:Existentialism
10994:
10989:
10984:
10979:
10974:
10969:
10964:
10959:
10954:
10948:
10946:
10940:
10939:
10937:
10936:
10935:
10934:
10929:
10924:
10919:
10909:
10908:
10907:
10897:
10896:
10895:
10890:
10880:
10879:
10878:
10868:
10863:
10862:
10861:
10856:
10851:
10841:
10840:
10839:
10829:
10828:
10827:
10817:
10816:
10815:
10810:
10800:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10784:
10783:
10773:
10768:
10767:
10766:
10756:
10755:
10754:
10744:
10743:
10742:
10732:
10727:
10726:
10725:
10715:
10710:
10709:
10708:
10703:
10698:
10687:
10685:
10679:
10678:
10676:
10675:
10674:
10673:
10668:
10658:
10657:
10656:
10651:
10646:
10641:
10636:
10631:
10626:
10621:
10616:
10611:
10606:
10601:
10596:
10591:
10586:
10581:
10576:
10571:
10561:
10556:
10555:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10534:
10533:
10532:
10530:Late antiquity
10522:
10516:
10514:
10508:
10507:
10505:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10483:
10482:
10481:
10480:
10475:
10465:
10460:
10455:
10445:
10440:
10434:
10432:
10428:
10427:
10416:
10415:
10408:
10401:
10393:
10384:
10383:
10381:
10380:
10372:
10364:
10356:
10348:
10340:
10332:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10279:
10274:
10268:
10266:
10262:
10261:
10259:
10258:
10250:
10241:
10239:
10235:
10234:
10232:
10231:
10223:
10215:
10206:
10204:
10200:
10199:
10197:
10196:
10188:
10180:
10178:
10174:
10173:
10171:
10170:
10162:
10154:
10145:
10143:
10139:
10138:
10136:
10135:
10127:
10119:
10111:
10103:
10095:
10087:
10079:
10071:
10067:Middle Passage
10063:
10055:
10047:
10039:
10031:
10023:
10015:
10007:
9999:
9991:
9969:
9961:
9953:
9945:
9937:
9928:
9926:
9924:Fiction/novels
9920:
9919:
9917:
9916:
9908:
9900:
9892:
9884:
9876:
9868:
9860:
9852:
9844:
9836:
9828:
9820:
9812:
9804:
9795:
9793:
9789:
9788:
9785:
9784:
9782:
9781:
9775:
9769:
9762:
9760:
9756:
9755:
9753:
9752:
9746:
9741:
9738:Wallace Willis
9735:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9718:Harriet Tubman
9715:
9708:
9705:Austin Steward
9702:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9675:William Parker
9672:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9650:
9645:
9643:J. Vance Lewis
9640:
9635:
9630:
9625:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9607:Harriet Jacobs
9604:
9599:
9594:
9588:
9583:
9581:William Grimes
9578:
9573:(19th century
9568:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9543:
9538:
9532:
9530:Kate Drumgoold
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9448:Solomon Bayley
9445:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9424:
9422:
9419:North America:
9416:
9415:
9413:
9412:
9406:
9399:
9393:
9387:
9380:
9378:
9375:North America:
9372:
9371:
9369:
9368:
9365:John R. Jewitt
9362:
9355:
9353:
9350:North America:
9347:
9346:
9344:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9327:
9325:
9324:Ottoman Empire
9321:
9320:
9318:
9317:
9311:
9305:
9302:Jean Marteilhe
9299:
9293:
9287:
9280:
9278:
9274:
9273:
9271:
9270:
9263:
9261:
9257:
9256:
9254:
9253:
9247:
9241:
9235:
9229:
9216:
9210:
9204:
9198:
9192:
9186:
9185:(late 19th c.)
9180:
9174:
9168:
9162:
9159:Isaac Brassard
9156:
9150:
9144:
9137:
9135:
9128:
9127:of enslavement
9120:
9119:
9117:
9116:
9110:
9107:
9106:
9099:
9098:
9091:
9084:
9076:
9067:
9066:
9054:
9051:
9050:
9048:
9047:
9039:
9031:
9023:
9019:The North Star
9015:
9007:
8999:
8991:
8983:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8964:
8963:
8961:visitor center
8953:
8948:
8940:
8934:
8932:
8928:
8927:
8925:
8924:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8905:
8904:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8885:
8884:
8874:
8869:
8868:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8841:
8839:
8835:
8834:
8832:
8831:
8825:
8819:
8813:
8807:
8801:
8793:
8787:
8779:
8773:
8767:
8761:
8755:
8746:
8739:
8737:
8733:
8732:
8730:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8718:
8717:
8712:
8701:
8699:
8693:
8692:
8685:
8683:
8681:
8680:
8675:
8673:Harriet Tubman
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8643:Hetty Reckless
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8598:Frances Harper
8595:
8593:Thomas Garrett
8590:
8588:Isaac S. Flint
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8544:
8542:
8536:
8535:
8528:
8527:
8520:
8513:
8505:
8499:
8498:
8493:
8487:
8481:
8474:
8462:
8456:
8444:
8438:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8411:
8401:
8388:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8361:
8355:
8349:
8344:
8337:
8332:
8326:
8318:
8317:External links
8315:
8313:
8312:
8298:
8291:
8286:Thomas, Hugh.
8284:
8277:
8270:
8263:
8253:
8242:
8237:Oakes, James.
8235:
8230:Oakes, James.
8228:
8221:
8214:
8207:
8198:(2 vol. 2006)
8192:
8182:
8175:
8168:
8158:"Abolitionism"
8154:
8147:
8140:
8127:
8124:
8117:
8106:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8084:
8083:
8077:
8065:Hague, William
8059:
8056:
8053:
8052:
8018:
7997:
7971:
7957:
7943:
7919:
7900:
7881:
7860:
7795:
7792:. p. 146.
7780:
7762:
7740:
7721:
7697:
7678:
7671:
7638:
7617:(1): 165–263.
7589:
7557:
7546:on 11 May 2011
7527:
7501:
7490:on 13 May 2008
7475:
7449:
7431:
7412:
7393:
7363:
7341:
7315:
7309:978-0195334029
7308:
7288:
7279:
7270:
7261:
7252:
7226:
7200:
7175:
7161:
7147:
7121:
7102:
7087:
7076:(3): 294–311.
7070:Social History
7053:
7038:
7032:978-1108499545
7031:
7008:
6995:
6972:
6959:
6946:
6933:
6908:
6901:
6878:
6858:
6836:978-1412965804
6835:
6819:Cato Institute
6807:Hamowy, Ronald
6803:"Abolitionism"
6790:
6780:
6762:
6707:
6686:
6679:
6661:
6654:
6636:
6616:
6595:
6576:
6569:
6551:
6532:
6517:
6499:
6484:
6469:
6462:
6430:
6417:
6399:
6386:
6356:
6338:
6334:Black Refugees
6325:
6312:
6294:
6278:
6261:
6248:
6235:
6217:
6204:
6192:
6175:
6157:
6150:
6130:
6124:Clarkson, T.,
6117:
6105:
6091:
6077:
6064:
6050:on 8 July 2009
6035:
6029:9780-820338644
6028:
6008:
5986:
5975:on 11 May 2011
5951:
5931:
5918:
5905:
5892:
5879:
5846:
5833:
5824:Paul Heinegg,
5817:
5800:
5778:
5764:
5750:
5737:
5724:
5715:
5708:
5688:
5681:
5661:
5646:
5628:
5597:
5590:
5570:
5563:
5540:
5533:
5513:
5505:Rodney Stark,
5498:
5471:(3): 144–153.
5455:
5440:
5425:
5410:
5388:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5355:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5290:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5263:
5252:
5249:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5119:
5116:
5062:
5059:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4985:
4970:13th Amendment
4966:
4956:
4920:
4917:
4891:
4807:United Nations
4709:
4706:
4686:Main article:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4672:
4669:Mary Ann Shadd
4660:
4648:
4643:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4618:
4596:
4568:
4548:
4534:
4518:
4498:
4486:
4474:
4462:
4450:
4439:Benjamin Lundy
4433:(1821–39): an
4426:
4394:
4391:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4349:Harriet Tubman
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4319:André Rebouças
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4299:Joaquim Nabuco
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4229:John Gregg Fee
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4174:Jeremy Bentham
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4114:
4111:
4094:Grimké Sisters
4081:
4078:
4071:in Brazil and
4064:
4061:
3989:United States
3982:
3979:
3967:South Carolina
3913:) and writers
3865:American South
3854:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3737:, followed by
3680:
3677:
3673:British Empire
3610:White American
3595:– helped free
3591:Chief Justice
3581:Main article:
3578:
3575:
3514:Rio de Janeiro
3505:
3502:
3427:
3424:
3399:Main article:
3396:
3393:
3375:was formed by
3247:
3246:British Empire
3244:
3114:Lord Mansfield
3092:naturalization
3041:
3038:
2919:Somersett case
2892:
2889:
2880:Lord Mansfield
2862:
2859:
2789:
2786:
2739:
2736:
2688:
2685:
2665:First Republic
2644:
2643:
2585:"Abolitionism"
2558:
2556:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2496:Saint-Domingue
2435:Julien Raimond
2364:
2358:
2350:Saint Domingue
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2275:sexual bondage
2231:United Nations
2197:outlaw slavery
2185:13th Amendment
2142:Somersett case
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2052:
2050:Moresby Treaty
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1865:Firman of 1857
1862:
1860:Firman of 1854
1857:
1852:
1850:Firman of 1830
1847:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1669:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1650:List of slaves
1647:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1368:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1194:Dutch Republic
1191:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1002:
1001:
995:
994:
989:
982:
981:
980:
975:
965:
960:
955:
954:
953:
943:
938:
937:
936:
931:
926:
921:
911:
906:
901:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
844:
843:
842:
832:
831:
830:
819:
818:
812:
811:
806:
801:
796:
795:
794:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
738:
737:
727:
722:
717:
711:
710:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
693:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
666:
665:
661:
660:
655:
653:Child soldiers
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
629:
628:
618:
613:
608:
603:
602:
601:
596:
591:
580:
579:
575:
574:
569:
564:
562:Spanish Empire
559:
554:
549:
544:
542:Middle Passage
539:
534:
529:
524:
518:
517:
511:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
479:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
404:
403:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
372:
371:
370:
363:Ottoman Empire
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
324:
318:
317:
311:
310:
309:
308:
298:
293:
288:
287:
286:
281:
276:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
240:
239:
233:
232:
227:
222:
217:
211:
210:
204:
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
185:
183:Sexual slavery
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
149:
148:
143:
141:Child marriage
138:
128:
123:
118:
116:Child soldiers
113:
107:
102:
101:
98:
97:
89:
88:
78:
77:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11650:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11625:
11623:
11608:
11605:
11603:
11600:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11560:
11558:
11555:
11553:
11552:PROSUR/PROSUL
11550:
11548:
11545:
11543:
11540:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11500:
11498:
11495:
11493:
11490:
11488:
11485:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11473:
11470:
11468:
11465:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11453:
11450:
11448:
11447:Craiova Group
11445:
11443:
11440:
11438:
11435:
11433:
11430:
11428:
11425:
11423:
11420:
11418:
11415:
11413:
11410:
11408:
11405:
11403:
11400:
11398:
11395:
11393:
11390:
11388:
11385:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11375:
11373:
11370:
11368:
11365:
11363:
11362:ABCANZ Armies
11360:
11359:
11357:
11351:
11345:
11342:
11340:
11337:
11333:
11330:
11328:
11325:
11323:
11320:
11318:
11315:
11313:
11310:
11308:
11305:
11304:
11303:
11300:
11298:
11295:
11291:
11288:
11287:
11286:
11283:
11281:
11278:
11277:
11275:
11273:
11269:
11263:
11260:
11258:
11255:
11251:
11248:
11246:
11243:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11229:
11226:
11224:
11221:
11219:
11216:
11214:
11211:
11210:
11209:
11206:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11190:
11189:
11186:
11180:
11177:
11176:
11175:
11172:
11168:
11167:Protestantism
11165:
11161:
11158:
11157:
11156:
11153:
11149:
11146:
11145:
11144:
11141:
11137:
11133:
11130:
11129:
11128:
11125:
11124:
11123:
11120:
11119:
11118:
11115:
11114:
11112:
11110:
11106:
11098:
11095:
11094:
11093:
11090:
11088:
11087:Sovereigntism
11085:
11083:
11080:
11076:
11075:
11071:
11070:
11069:
11066:
11062:
11059:
11058:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11011:
11010:
11007:
11003:
11000:
10999:
10998:
10995:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10985:
10983:
10982:Scholasticism
10980:
10978:
10975:
10973:
10970:
10968:
10965:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10949:
10947:
10945:
10941:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10915:
10914:
10913:
10910:
10906:
10903:
10902:
10901:
10898:
10894:
10891:
10889:
10886:
10885:
10884:
10881:
10877:
10874:
10873:
10872:
10869:
10867:
10864:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10846:
10845:
10842:
10838:
10835:
10834:
10833:
10830:
10826:
10823:
10822:
10821:
10818:
10814:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10805:
10804:
10801:
10799:
10796:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10782:
10779:
10778:
10777:
10774:
10772:
10769:
10765:
10762:
10761:
10760:
10757:
10753:
10750:
10749:
10748:
10745:
10741:
10738:
10737:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10724:
10721:
10720:
10719:
10716:
10714:
10711:
10707:
10704:
10702:
10699:
10697:
10694:
10693:
10692:
10689:
10688:
10686:
10684:
10680:
10672:
10671:War on terror
10669:
10667:
10664:
10663:
10662:
10659:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10637:
10635:
10632:
10630:
10627:
10625:
10622:
10620:
10617:
10615:
10612:
10610:
10607:
10605:
10602:
10600:
10597:
10595:
10592:
10590:
10587:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10566:
10565:
10564:Modern period
10562:
10560:
10557:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10539:
10538:
10535:
10531:
10528:
10527:
10526:
10523:
10521:
10518:
10517:
10515:
10513:
10509:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10470:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10450:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10435:
10433:
10429:
10425:
10421:
10420:Western world
10414:
10409:
10407:
10402:
10400:
10395:
10394:
10391:
10378:
10377:
10373:
10370:
10369:
10365:
10362:
10361:
10357:
10354:
10353:
10349:
10346:
10345:
10341:
10338:
10337:
10333:
10330:
10329:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10269:
10267:
10263:
10256:
10255:
10251:
10248:
10247:
10243:
10242:
10240:
10238:Documentaries
10236:
10229:
10228:
10224:
10221:
10220:
10216:
10213:
10212:
10208:
10207:
10205:
10201:
10194:
10193:
10189:
10186:
10182:
10181:
10179:
10175:
10168:
10167:
10163:
10160:
10159:
10155:
10152:
10151:
10147:
10146:
10144:
10140:
10133:
10132:
10128:
10125:
10124:
10120:
10117:
10116:
10112:
10109:
10108:
10104:
10101:
10100:
10096:
10093:
10092:
10088:
10085:
10084:
10080:
10077:
10076:
10072:
10069:
10068:
10064:
10061:
10060:
10056:
10053:
10052:
10048:
10045:
10044:
10040:
10037:
10036:
10032:
10029:
10028:
10024:
10021:
10020:
10016:
10013:
10012:
10008:
10005:
10004:
10000:
9997:
9996:
9992:
9975:
9974:
9970:
9967:
9966:
9962:
9959:
9958:
9954:
9951:
9950:
9946:
9943:
9942:
9938:
9935:
9934:
9930:
9929:
9927:
9925:
9921:
9914:
9913:
9909:
9906:
9905:
9901:
9898:
9897:
9893:
9890:
9889:
9885:
9882:
9881:
9877:
9874:
9873:
9869:
9866:
9865:
9861:
9858:
9857:
9853:
9850:
9849:
9845:
9842:
9841:
9837:
9834:
9833:
9829:
9826:
9825:
9821:
9818:
9817:
9813:
9810:
9809:
9805:
9802:
9801:
9797:
9796:
9794:
9790:
9779:
9776:
9773:
9770:
9767:
9764:
9763:
9761:
9759:South America
9757:
9750:
9749:Zamba Zembola
9747:
9745:
9742:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9728:Bethany Veney
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9713:
9709:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9700:Venture Smith
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9680:James Roberts
9678:
9676:
9673:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9638:Lunsford Lane
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9623:
9622:Paul Jennings
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9597:Omar ibn Said
9595:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9586:Josiah Henson
9584:
9582:
9579:
9576:
9572:
9571:William Green
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9551:
9547:
9546:Peter Fossett
9544:
9542:
9539:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9505:Lucinda Davis
9503:
9501:
9500:Hannah Crafts
9498:
9496:
9493:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9469:
9468:James Bradley
9466:
9464:
9463:Leonard Black
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9425:
9423:
9421:United States
9417:
9410:
9409:Marcos Xiorro
9407:
9404:
9400:
9397:
9394:
9391:
9388:
9385:
9382:
9381:
9379:
9373:
9366:
9363:
9360:
9357:
9356:
9354:
9348:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9328:
9326:
9322:
9315:
9312:
9309:
9306:
9303:
9300:
9297:
9294:
9291:
9288:
9285:
9282:
9281:
9279:
9275:
9268:
9265:
9264:
9262:
9258:
9251:
9248:
9245:
9242:
9239:
9236:
9233:
9230:
9220:
9217:
9214:
9213:Thomas Pellow
9211:
9208:
9205:
9202:
9199:
9196:
9193:
9190:
9187:
9184:
9183:Petro Kilekwa
9181:
9178:
9175:
9172:
9169:
9166:
9163:
9160:
9157:
9154:
9151:
9148:
9145:
9142:
9139:
9138:
9136:
9132:
9129:
9121:
9115:
9112:
9111:
9108:
9104:
9097:
9092:
9090:
9085:
9083:
9078:
9077:
9074:
9063:
9059:
9052:
9045:
9044:
9040:
9037:
9036:
9032:
9029:
9028:
9024:
9021:
9020:
9016:
9013:
9012:
9008:
9005:
9004:
9000:
8997:
8996:
8992:
8989:
8988:
8984:
8981:
8980:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8962:
8959:
8958:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8945:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8935:
8933:
8929:
8922:
8921:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8909:Slave catcher
8907:
8903:
8900:
8899:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8883:
8880:
8879:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8847:
8846:
8843:
8842:
8840:
8836:
8829:
8826:
8823:
8820:
8817:
8814:
8811:
8808:
8805:
8802:
8799:
8798:
8794:
8791:
8788:
8785:
8784:
8780:
8777:
8774:
8771:
8768:
8765:
8762:
8759:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8747:
8745:flight (1845)
8744:
8741:
8740:
8738:
8734:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8707:
8706:
8703:
8702:
8700:
8698:
8694:
8689:
8679:
8678:Delia Webster
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8653:William Still
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8633:Robert Purvis
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8613:Daniel Hughes
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8563:Samuel Burris
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8545:
8543:
8541:
8537:
8533:
8526:
8521:
8519:
8514:
8512:
8507:
8506:
8503:
8497:
8494:
8491:
8488:
8485:
8482:
8479:
8475:
8473:
8469:
8466:
8463:
8460:
8457:
8454:
8453:
8452:The Liberator
8448:
8445:
8442:
8439:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8415:
8412:
8409:
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8402:
8399:
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8392:
8389:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
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8373:
8371:
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8356:
8353:
8350:
8348:
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8343:
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8338:
8336:
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8330:
8327:
8324:
8321:
8320:
8311:
8307:
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8299:
8296:
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8278:
8275:
8271:
8268:
8264:
8262:
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8243:
8240:
8236:
8233:
8229:
8226:
8222:
8219:
8215:
8212:
8208:
8205:
8204:0-313-33142-1
8201:
8197:
8193:
8190:
8186:
8183:
8180:
8176:
8173:
8169:
8166:
8162:
8159:
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8141:
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8080:
8074:
8070:
8066:
8062:
8061:
8041:
8037:
8033:
8029:
8022:
8014:
8013:
8008:
8001:
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7975:
7967:
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7953:
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7926:
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7911:
7904:
7897:
7893:
7890:
7885:
7874:
7872:
7864:
7856:
7852:
7848:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7830:
7826:
7822:
7818:
7814:
7810:
7806:
7799:
7791:
7788:Epps, Henry.
7784:
7776:
7772:
7766:
7758:
7754:
7752:
7744:
7737:
7733:
7730:
7725:
7718:
7714:
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7706:
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7668:
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7656:
7655:
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7505:
7489:
7485:
7479:
7463:
7459:
7453:
7445:
7441:
7435:
7427:
7423:
7416:
7408:
7404:
7397:
7381:
7377:
7373:
7367:
7352:
7345:
7329:
7325:
7319:
7311:
7305:
7301:
7300:
7292:
7283:
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7210:
7204:
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6999:
6983:
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6963:
6956:
6950:
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6922:
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6898:
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6888:
6882:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6862:
6854:
6850:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6832:
6828:
6824:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6804:
6800:
6794:
6787:
6783:
6777:
6773:
6766:
6759:
6756:
6752:
6751:Arthur Tappan
6748:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6732:
6728:
6724:
6720:
6719:Robert Purvis
6716:
6710:
6704:
6700:
6696:
6690:
6682:
6676:
6672:
6665:
6657:
6655:9798390042335
6651:
6647:
6640:
6632:
6631:
6626:
6620:
6612:
6611:
6610:The Liberator
6606:
6599:
6592:
6588:
6585:
6580:
6572:
6566:
6562:
6555:
6547:
6543:
6536:
6528:
6524:
6520:
6518:1-56294-514-9
6514:
6510:
6503:
6495:
6488:
6480:
6473:
6465:
6459:
6455:
6450:
6449:
6443:
6437:
6435:
6427:
6424:Robin Winks,
6421:
6413:
6412:novascotia.ca
6409:
6403:
6396:
6390:
6374:
6370:
6366:
6360:
6352:
6348:
6342:
6335:
6329:
6323:, 2006, p. 8.
6322:
6316:
6308:
6304:
6298:
6290:
6289:
6282:
6275:
6272:in 1847 (see
6271:
6265:
6258:
6252:
6245:
6239:
6231:
6227:
6221:
6214:
6208:
6201:
6196:
6189:
6185:
6179:
6171:
6170:www.pdavis.nl
6167:
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6147:
6143:
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6134:
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6101:
6095:
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6074:
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6025:
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6004:
6000:
5996:
5990:
5974:
5970:
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5955:
5948:
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5940:
5935:
5928:
5922:
5915:
5909:
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5867:
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5774:
5768:
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5692:
5684:
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5624:
5619:
5615:
5611:
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5602:
5593:
5587:
5583:
5582:
5574:
5566:
5560:
5556:
5555:
5547:
5545:
5536:
5530:
5526:
5525:
5517:
5510:
5509:
5502:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5451:
5444:
5437:
5436:
5429:
5423:
5421:
5414:
5398:
5392:
5385:
5379:
5375:
5359:
5350:
5346:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5237:
5234:
5208:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5157:
5155:
5154:bonded labour
5151:
5150:United States
5145:
5141:
5139:
5135:
5129:
5125:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5105:
5100:
5096:
5094:
5089:
5087:
5082:
5079:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5058:
5056:
5051:
5047:
5045:
5038:
5034:
5029:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5005:
4999:Commemoration
4993:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4928:/redemption,
4927:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4890:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4838:child slavery
4835:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4719:
4715:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4689:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4634:International
4628:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4537:True Wesleyan
4535:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4454:The Liberator
4451:
4448:
4447:The Liberator
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4393:United States
4387:
4382:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4294:Charles Miner
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4259:Johns Hopkins
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4249:Abbé Grégoire
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4134:Abigail Adams
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4098:Abigail Adams
4095:
4091:
4086:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4052:West Virginia
4049:
4043:
4041:
4036:
4035:were formed.
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3978:
3976:
3975:border states
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3873:The Liberator
3870:
3866:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3679:United States
3676:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3626:John Burbidge
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3558:Guerra Grande
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3524:
3515:
3510:
3504:Latin America
3501:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3381:slave traders
3378:
3377:Joseph Sturge
3374:
3371:In 1839, the
3369:
3367:
3363:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3320:William Hague
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3264:Benjamin Kent
3261:
3258:Prior to the
3252:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3165:Great Britain
3162:
3158:
3157:Joseph Knight
3153:
3150:
3147:Although the
3142:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3109:habeas corpus
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3076:freedom suits
3072:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2973:In 1787, the
2971:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2900:Enlightenment
2897:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2861:Great Britain
2858:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2845:
2844:Kaocen Revolt
2841:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2677:Abbé Grégoire
2674:
2670:
2666:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2637:
2629:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587: –
2586:
2582:
2581:Find sources:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2559:This section
2557:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2467:Denis Diderot
2464:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2369:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:Saint Eligius
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2295:queen consort
2292:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:forced labour
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2214:(1924–1926),
2213:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2181:United States
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:forced labour
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
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2023:Edward Barley
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1097:
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1079:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1070:comfort women
1068:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1061:
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1054:
1053:Chukri System
1051:
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941:Latin America
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922:
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892:interregional
890:
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877:prison labour
875:
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870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
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849:
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847:United States
845:
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678:
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673:
671:
668:
667:
663:
662:
659:
658:White slavery
656:
654:
651:
649:
648:Slave raiding
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
627:
624:
623:
622:
619:
617:
616:Corvée labour
614:
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450:
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440:
438:
435:
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432:Abbasid harem
430:
428:
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423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
408:
405:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
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383:
381:
378:
377:
376:
375:Barbary Coast
373:
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364:
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119:
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109:
108:
105:
100:
99:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:Forced labour
80:
79:
75:
71:
70:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
11628:Abolitionism
11597:Western Bloc
11397:AUSCANNZUKUS
11353:Contemporary
11302:Human rights
11148:Latin Church
11122:Christianity
11072:
11031:Conservatism
10876:contemporary
10713:Architecture
10649:World War II
10609:Emancipation
10604:Abolitionism
10603:
10492:Romanization
10487:Roman legacy
10468:Roman Empire
10374:
10366:
10358:
10350:
10342:
10334:
10326:
10252:
10244:
10225:
10219:The Octoroon
10217:
10209:
10190:
10164:
10156:
10148:
10129:
10121:
10113:
10105:
10097:
10089:
10081:
10073:
10065:
10057:
10049:
10041:
10033:
10025:
10017:
10009:
10001:
9993:
9971:
9963:
9955:
9947:
9939:
9931:
9910:
9902:
9894:
9886:
9878:
9870:
9862:
9854:
9846:
9838:
9830:
9822:
9814:
9806:
9798:
9612:Thomas James
9561:Moses Grandy
9556:David George
9515:Lucy Delaney
9489:Peter Bruner
9428:Sam Aleckson
9308:Roustam Raza
9219:Joseph Pitts
9141:Robert Adams
9125:by continent
9041:
9033:
9025:
9017:
9009:
9001:
8993:
8985:
8977:
8943:
8919:
8865:publications
8850:Abolitionism
8849:
8816:Tilly Escape
8795:
8781:
8776:Jerry Rescue
8749:
8648:Gerrit Smith
8608:David Hudson
8450:
8339:
8301:
8294:
8287:
8280:
8273:
8266:
8256:
8249:
8238:
8231:
8224:
8217:
8210:
8195:
8188:
8178:
8171:
8150:
8143:
8134:
8130:
8120:
8113:
8068:
8043:. Retrieved
8032:The Guardian
8031:
8021:
8010:
8000:
7988:. Retrieved
7984:PBS NewsHour
7983:
7974:
7960:
7946:
7935:
7913:
7903:
7884:
7870:
7863:
7815:(1): 56–65.
7812:
7808:
7798:
7789:
7783:
7774:
7765:
7757:the original
7750:
7743:
7724:
7708:
7705:Bales, Kevin
7700:
7691:
7687:
7681:
7653:
7614:
7610:
7583:
7579:
7548:. Retrieved
7544:the original
7530:
7518:. Retrieved
7514:the original
7504:
7492:. Retrieved
7488:the original
7478:
7466:. Retrieved
7462:the original
7452:
7443:
7434:
7425:
7415:
7406:
7396:
7384:. Retrieved
7380:the original
7375:
7366:
7354:. Retrieved
7344:
7332:. Retrieved
7327:
7318:
7298:
7291:
7282:
7273:
7264:
7255:
7243:. Retrieved
7239:
7229:
7217:. Retrieved
7213:Western News
7212:
7203:
7191:. Retrieved
7178:
7164:
7150:
7138:. Retrieved
7134:
7124:
7115:
7105:
7096:
7090:
7073:
7069:
7047:
7041:
7022:
7003:
6998:
6986:. Retrieved
6975:
6967:
6962:
6954:
6949:
6941:
6936:
6924:. Retrieved
6920:
6911:
6891:
6881:
6873:
6870:August Meier
6861:
6810:
6793:
6785:
6771:
6765:
6755:Gerrit Smith
6712:
6698:
6689:
6670:
6664:
6645:
6639:
6630:Evening Post
6628:
6619:
6608:
6598:
6579:
6560:
6554:
6541:
6535:
6508:
6502:
6493:
6487:
6478:
6472:
6447:
6425:
6420:
6411:
6402:
6394:
6389:
6377:. Retrieved
6373:the original
6369:courts.ns.ca
6368:
6359:
6350:
6341:
6333:
6332:John Grant.
6328:
6320:
6315:
6307:biographi.ca
6306:
6297:
6287:
6281:
6273:
6264:
6256:
6251:
6243:
6238:
6229:
6220:
6212:
6207:
6195:
6183:
6178:
6169:
6160:
6140:
6133:
6125:
6120:
6108:
6094:
6080:
6072:
6067:
6059:
6052:. Retrieved
6048:the original
6038:
6018:
6011:
6002:
5989:
5977:. Retrieved
5973:the original
5964:
5954:
5934:
5926:
5921:
5913:
5908:
5900:
5895:
5887:
5882:
5870:. Retrieved
5866:the original
5836:
5826:
5820:
5812:
5803:
5791:. Retrieved
5781:
5767:
5753:
5745:
5740:
5732:
5727:
5718:
5698:
5691:
5671:
5664:
5637:
5631:
5613:
5580:
5573:
5553:
5523:
5516:
5507:
5501:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5449:
5443:
5434:
5428:
5419:
5413:
5401:. Retrieved
5391:
5378:
5358:
5349:
5238:
5230:
5207:prison labor
5196:
5192:
5177:
5158:
5147:
5143:
5131:
5112:
5108:
5101:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5075:
5072:
5064:
5052:
5048:
5041:
4926:compensation
4922:
4898:
4888:
4877:adopted the
4872:
4869:
4858:
4831:
4811:World War II
4804:
4776:World War II
4765:
4754:
4735:
4711:
4674:
4663:
4650:
4621:
4612:
4598:
4570:
4550:
4541:Orange Scott
4536:
4520:
4500:
4488:
4476:
4470:
4464:
4452:
4446:
4435:abolitionist
4428:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4407:Elihu Embree
4398:
4369:John Woolman
4359:David Walker
4269:John Laurens
4224:Henry Dundas
4179:Benjamin Lay
4169:Sarah Grimke
4122:
4087:
4083:
4066:
4044:
4037:
4010:
4002:
3943:
3904:
3889:
3877:Amos Dresser
3862:
3758:Orange Scott
3747:
3721:
3714:, historian
3711:
3710:In his book
3709:
3701:
3661:Lower Canada
3657:Upper Canada
3654:
3602:
3571:Manuel Oribe
3556:
3530:
3519:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3448:
3443:Arthur Hodge
3404:
3370:
3359:
3293:
3279:
3272:
3271:created the
3269:Samuel Birch
3257:
3232:
3230:
3199:
3168:
3161:freedom suit
3154:
3146:
3130:
3126:
3107:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3069:East Indians
3058:
3043:
2972:
2927:slave labour
2916:
2912:Clapham Sect
2894:
2848:
2837:
2826:
2822:
2808:
2796:
2771:
2767:
2752:
2741:
2721:
2713:First Consul
2690:
2662:
2632:
2623:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2580:
2568:Please help
2563:verification
2560:
2493:
2484:
2479:founded the
2472:Encyclopédie
2470:
2460:
2450:
2441:
2439:
2421:
2415:
2410:
2399:
2379:As in other
2378:
2360:
2330:
2319:
2307:Chlothar III
2289:
2228:
2205:
2162:
2126:World War II
2103:
2094:
2091:Abolitionism
2090:
2089:
2040:Frere Treaty
2022:
2014:
2002:
1993:
1985:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1950:El Almirante
1949:
1941:
1933:
1845:Abolitionism
1844:
1699:Slave patrol
1536:Freedom suit
1512:Sierra Leone
1502:Colonization
1418:Abolitionism
1417:
1410:
1398:Baháʼí Faith
1371:Christianity
1321:Saudi Arabia
1177:Penal Labour
1142:Blackbirding
1048:Debt bondage
1036:penal system
862:Contemporary
852:Field slaves
840:U.S. Natives
799:South Africa
670:Galley slave
643:Slave market
633:House slaves
606:Blackbirding
584:Conscription
508:21st century
471:Umm al-walad
315:Muslim world
284:Emancipation
188:Wage slavery
168:Penal labour
146:Wife selling
136:Bride buying
121:Conscription
111:Child Labour
104:Contemporary
47:
11537:Open Balkan
11355:integration
11285:Rule of law
11280:Natural law
11257:Agnosticism
11235:Hellenistic
11213:Anglo-Saxon
11143:Catholicism
11082:Atlanticism
10987:Rationalism
10793:Immigration
10776:Esotericism
10634:World War I
10599:Romanticism
10579:Reformation
10559:Renaissance
10537:Middle Ages
10502:Christendom
10431:Foundations
9988: 1861
9981: 1853
9685:Moses Roper
9669:John Parker
9655:(1790–1880)
9633:Boston King
9624:(1799–1874)
9453:Polly Berry
9396:Mary Prince
9310:(1783–1845)
9304:(1684-1777)
9286:(1698–1733)
9269:(1684–1736)
9252:(1644–1744)
9246:(1660–1736)
9240:(1632–1702)
9234:(1598–1682)
9226: 1735
9209:(1708–1754)
9201:Mende Nazer
9191:(1735–1785)
9179:(1564–1639)
9173:(1767–1843)
9167:(1747–1815)
9161:(1620–1702)
9153:Francis Bok
9149:(1714-1761)
9147:Marcus Berg
9143:(c. 1790–?)
9123:Individuals
9038:(2019 film)
9027:Underground
9022:(2016 film)
9006:(1992 film)
8982:(1932 book)
8923:(1872 book)
8902:lawn jockey
8804:Dover Eight
8800:(1856 book)
8786:(1852 book)
8638:John Rankin
8618:Peg Leg Joe
8568:Levi Coffin
8170:Gordon, M.
7550:27 November
7468:27 November
7002:Vorenberg,
5872:27 November
5829:, 1999–2005
5180:foundations
5021:Kanaga mask
4992:blackbirded
4875:Arab League
4809:(UN) after
4671:and others.
4405:in 1819 by
4025:Confederacy
4021:contrabands
3995:Little Rock
3659:(1793) and
3642:War of 1812
3605:Nova Scotia
3527:Puerto Rico
3435:Hugh Elliot
3214:emancipated
3082:(1755) and
3040:Development
2817:written by
2691:During the
2475:. In 1788,
2465:(1748) and
2457:Montesquieu
2451:During the
2431:Mississippi
2406:New Orleans
2392:plantations
2015:Mary Carver
1934:Providentia
1714:court cases
1591: [
1541:Slave Power
1529:Manumission
1376:Catholicism
1251:Afghanistan
992:Puerto Rico
904:The Bahamas
882:Slave codes
685:Shanghaiing
675:Impressment
567:Slave Coast
447:Qajar harem
407:Concubinage
380:slave trade
63: 1890
18:Antislavery
11622:Categories
11557:Rio Treaty
11068:Relativism
11026:Liberalism
10992:Empiricism
10944:Philosophy
10932:Secularism
10883:Philosophy
10820:Literature
10614:Capitalism
10166:Copper Sun
10115:Unburnable
10051:Dessa Rose
9778:Osifekunde
9710:Venerable
9653:James Mars
9566:Lear Green
9550:Monticello
9510:Noah Davis
9479:John Brown
9458:Henry Bibb
9401:Venerable
9207:Hark Olufs
9056:See also:
8558:Owen Brown
8553:John Brown
8045:19 October
7990:19 October
7245:28 October
7219:28 October
6988:13 October
6921:HistoryNet
6845:2008009151
6379:1 February
6276:, p. 189).
6113:Hague 2005
6044:"Wedgwood"
5735:, 201–206.
5403:2 December
5122:See also:
5013:The Gambia
5007:Statue on
4988:Queensland
4657:Henry Bibb
4622:North Star
4577:New Lisbon
4555:(1845): a
4354:Nat Turner
4189:John Brown
4117:See also:
4040:Juneteenth
3939:concubines
3486:His book,
3473:encomienda
3239:Adam Smith
3202:hereditary
3122:Common Law
3046:villeinage
3006:modern era
2947:Portuguese
2815:decree-law
2728:Guadeloupe
2596:newspapers
2389:sugar cane
2255:Mauritania
1994:La Amistad
1958:Marinerito
1942:Presidente
1729:J.Q. Adams
1719:Washington
1689:Slave name
1638:convention
1613:Common law
986:Encomienda
782:Seychelles
767:Mauritania
690:Slave ship
557:Panyarring
552:New France
201:Historical
43:Emancipist
11502:Five Eyes
11497:EU–UK TCA
11339:Democracy
11228:Old Norse
11117:Abrahamic
11074:Peritrope
11056:Tolerance
11036:Socialism
10866:Mythology
10854:Classical
10803:Languages
10781:Astrology
10629:Modernism
10443:Old World
9891:(1936–38)
9377:Caribbean
9203:(b. 1982)
9155:(b. 1979)
8101:, Mainz:
8040:0261-3077
7829:1059-924X
7633:1946-5319
7334:6 October
7328:BBC.co.uk
6853:750831024
6054:12 August
5656:663393691
5493:141017958
5370:Citations
5341:Footnotes
5198:by 2020.
4856:in 1970.
4852:1963 and
4848:in 1962,
4701:Venezuela
4507:gift book
3549:Venezuela
3543:in 1813,
3532:Lei Áurea
3465:New World
3457:Dominican
3407:Wallachia
3298:in 1787,
3226:15 Geo. 3
3222:39 Geo. 3
3065:Edinburgh
3050:John Holt
2681:metropole
2626:July 2019
2538:in 1804.
2446:mulattoes
2442:Code Noir
2427:Louisiana
2422:Code Noir
2417:Code Noir
2412:Louis XIV
2401:Louisiane
2381:New World
2361:Code Noir
2341:Parlement
2320:In 1315,
2301:, became
2299:Clovis II
2199:. As the
2189:Civil War
2169:Wallachia
2093:, or the
1974:Brillante
1724:Jefferson
1381:Mormonism
1316:Palestine
1130:Australia
1060:Indonesia
951:Lei Áurea
934:Code Noir
914:Caribbean
887:Treatment
626:Treatment
599:Devshirme
461:Odalisque
279:In Russia
220:Babylonia
208:Antiquity
11562:Schengen
11492:Eurozone
11332:Property
11327:Religion
11218:Frankish
11208:Germanic
11188:Paganism
11109:Religion
11097:European
11009:Humanism
10912:Religion
10871:Painting
10837:Internet
10788:Folklore
10759:Clothing
10730:Calendar
10706:Cyrillic
10691:Alphabet
10654:Cold War
10187:" (1848)
9933:Oroonoko
9617:John Jea
9221:(1663 –
9215:(1705–?)
9197:(1704–?)
8946:(Boston)
8898:Signals
8752:incident
8715:churches
8468:Archived
8394:Archived
8161:Archived
8133:(1999);
8067:(2005).
7892:Archived
7847:27782783
7838:10782830
7775:BBC News
7732:Archived
7605:(2011).
7520:16 April
7494:16 April
6889:(2004).
6801:(2008).
6697:(2006).
6587:Archived
6527:30932823
6444:(1995).
6336:, p. 31.
6244:Historia
6230:BBC News
6115:, p. 589
5997:(1895).
5979:6 August
5251:See also
5033:Botucatu
4892:—
4788:in Yemen
4703:in 1854.
4557:pamphlet
4533:in 1870.
3999:Arkansas
3892:moralism
3565:and the
3545:Colombia
3419:as legal
3411:Moldavia
3332:treaties
3206:colliers
3104:baptized
2987:Napoleon
2891:Overview
2705:his wife
2524:Napoleon
2337:Bordeaux
2173:Moldavia
2110:colonies
2025:Incident
2003:Emanuela
1996:Incident
1756:Iron bit
1746:40 acres
1709:breeding
1524:Freedman
1359:Religion
1219:Portugal
1104:Thailand
1094:Maldives
1089:Malaysia
1082:Kwalliso
1026:Booi Aha
978:Restavek
958:Colombia
929:Trinidad
919:Barbados
809:Zanzibar
757:Ethiopia
638:Saqaliba
532:Database
483:Saqaliba
244:Ancillae
74:a series
72:Part of
11407:Benelux
11312:Thought
11262:Atheism
11203:Finnish
11179:Culture
11174:Judaism
11136:Eastern
11132:Western
11127:Culture
11061:Paradox
10927:Decline
10888:Science
10764:History
10752:Studies
10735:Cuisine
10723:Periods
10683:Culture
10512:History
10478:Eastern
10473:Western
10424:culture
10265:Related
10059:Beloved
10043:Kindred
10011:Jubilee
10003:Our Nig
9035:Harriet
8931:Related
8058:Sources
7855:4251094
7386:21 July
7356:21 July
7193:16 July
7006:(2004).
6957:(2010).
6926:24 July
6809:(ed.).
6428:(1971).
6259:(2015).
5949:in 1880
5793:15 July
5485:2649071
4817:of the
4796:in Oman
4617:(1851).
4593:Quakers
4485:(AASS).
4409:as the
3969:. When
3599:slaves.
3461:Chiapas
3454:Spanish
3210:salters
3100:Jamaica
3028:), the
2943:Spanish
2939:British
2851:Taubira
2659:in 1788
2610:scholar
2469:in the
2345:Guyenne
2322:Louis X
2315:serfdom
2150:Vermont
2099:slavery
1734:Lincoln
1607:Related
1507:Liberia
1393:Judaism
1331:Tunisia
1306:Morocco
1296:Lebanon
1261:Bahrain
1256:Algeria
1224:Romania
1189:Denmark
1182:Slavery
1116:Vietnam
787:Somalia
777:Nigeria
752:Comoros
680:Pirates
589:Ghilman
522:Bristol
412:history
385:pirates
274:History
163:Peonage
86:slavery
11427:CANZUK
11317:Speech
11245:Slavic
11223:Gothic
11198:Celtic
11193:Baltic
11092:Values
10893:Values
10453:Greece
10379:(2008)
10371:(2002)
10363:(1867)
10355:(2008)
10347:(1931)
10339:(1847)
10331:(1783)
10257:(2008)
10249:(2003)
10230:(2022)
10222:(1859)
10214:(1858)
10195:(1853)
10177:Essays
10169:(2006)
10161:(1965)
10153:(1951)
10134:(2016)
10126:(2007)
10118:(2006)
10110:(2003)
10102:(2002)
10094:(2001)
10086:(1996)
10078:(1993)
10070:(1990)
10062:(1987)
10054:(1986)
10046:(1979)
10038:(1977)
10030:(1976)
10022:(1967)
10014:(1966)
10006:(1859)
9998:(1856)
9968:(1853)
9965:Clotel
9960:(1852)
9952:(1852)
9944:(1841)
9936:(1688)
9915:(2018)
9907:(1972)
9899:(1956)
9883:(1901)
9875:(1881)
9867:(1872)
9859:(1861)
9851:(1855)
9843:(1853)
9835:(1849)
9827:(1845)
9819:(1839)
9811:(1816)
9803:(1789)
9552:–1901)
9548:(1815
9470:(1834)
9352:Canada
9277:Europe
9134:Africa
8889:Quilts
8838:Topics
8830:(1865)
8824:(1859)
8818:(1856)
8812:(1858)
8806:(1857)
8792:(1854)
8778:(1851)
8772:(1851)
8766:(1849)
8760:(1847)
8754:(1848)
8736:Events
8710:houses
8697:Places
8540:People
8290:(2006)
8276:(1997)
8269:(2007)
8261:online
8220:(1987)
8202:
8191:(1982)
8181:(2003)
8174:(1989)
8153:(1999)
8146:(2009)
8139:(1988)
8075:
8038:
7853:
7845:
7835:
7827:
7715:
7669:
7631:
7306:
7140:17 May
7029:
6899:
6851:
6843:
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6705:
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3832:
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3577:Canada
3061:London
2985:, but
2945:, and
2935:French
2833:Creole
2823:colons
2805:(1849)
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2510:, and
2333:Norman
2303:regent
2281:France
2269:, but
2193:Brazil
2179:. The
2136:. The
2106:France
2017:Affair
1986:Creole
1655:owners
1291:Kuwait
1286:Jordan
1239:Sweden
1229:Russia
1214:Poland
1209:Norway
1031:Laogai
1016:Brunei
1011:Bhutan
973:revolt
946:Brazil
909:Canada
872:partus
857:female
742:Angola
611:Coolie
594:Mamluk
547:Nantes
527:Brazil
456:Cariye
291:Thrall
259:Kholop
225:Greece
11582:USMCA
11437:CEFTA
11392:AUKUS
11382:ANZUS
11377:ANZUK
11322:Press
11240:Roman
10905:Sport
10849:Chant
10844:Music
10832:Media
10825:Canon
10771:Dance
10701:Latin
10696:Greek
10542:early
10203:Plays
8750:Pearl
7876:(PDF)
7851:S2CID
7330:. BBC
6805:. In
6546:Salem
5489:S2CID
5481:JSTOR
4937:Haiti
4909:Labor
4790:, in
4581:Salem
3991:Union
3212:were
2931:Dutch
2828:Békés
2803:Biard
2801:, by
2617:JSTOR
2603:books
2536:Haiti
2130:Haiti
2118:Japan
1682:songs
1677:films
1595:]
1551:songs
1388:Islam
1366:Bible
1341:Yemen
1336:Qatar
1326:Syria
1301:Libya
1266:Egypt
1234:Spain
1204:Malta
1077:Korea
1065:Japan
1043:India
1021:China
968:Haiti
828:Aztec
804:Sudan
772:Niger
664:Naval
537:Dutch
466:Qiyan
452:Jarya
427:Harem
269:Serfs
215:Egypt
11542:OSCE
11522:NATO
11467:EFTA
11432:CBSS
11417:BSEC
11307:Life
10859:Folk
10740:Diet
10552:late
10547:high
10463:Rome
10422:and
10227:Omar
9260:Asia
9060:and
8882:1850
8200:ISBN
8073:ISBN
8047:2023
8036:ISSN
7992:2023
7843:PMID
7825:ISSN
7713:ISBN
7694:(2).
7667:ISBN
7629:ISSN
7586:(1).
7552:2010
7522:2008
7496:2008
7470:2010
7388:2015
7358:2015
7336:2015
7304:ISBN
7247:2022
7221:2022
7195:2024
7142:2024
7027:ISBN
6990:2014
6928:2021
6897:ISBN
6868:and
6849:OCLC
6841:LCCN
6831:ISBN
6776:ISBN
6753:and
6703:ISBN
6675:ISBN
6650:ISBN
6565:ISBN
6523:OCLC
6513:ISBN
6458:ISBN
6381:2015
6146:ISBN
6056:2015
6024:ISBN
5981:2009
5874:2010
5795:2020
5704:ISBN
5677:ISBN
5652:OCLC
5642:ISBN
5586:ISBN
5559:ISBN
5529:ISBN
5405:2011
5231:The
5126:and
4832:The
4794:and
4589:Ohio
4579:and
3944:The
3933:and
3547:and
3415:Roma
3409:and
3316:Pitt
3208:and
3063:and
2917:The
2869:and
2761:the
2759:sell
2589:news
2518:and
2440:The
2371:The
2261:and
2245:and
2171:and
2165:Roma
1988:case
1633:laws
1495:U.S.
1490:U.K.
1428:U.S.
1423:U.K.
1311:Oman
1281:Iraq
1276:Iran
963:Cuba
867:maps
762:Mali
747:Chad
333:Baqt
230:Rome
126:Debt
84:and
11532:OAS
11477:ESA
11472:EPC
11462:EEA
11367:AER
11272:Law
11250:Neo
10798:Law
10718:Art
9941:Sab
8306:doi
8248:".
8012:NPR
7937:NPR
7833:PMC
7817:doi
7659:doi
7619:doi
7584:133
7078:doi
6823:doi
5618:doi
5473:doi
4611:'s
4559:by
3965:in
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3764:by
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2831:in
2572:by
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2459:in
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2167:in
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