2786:
775:
5522:
838:
9724:
4423:
2071:
1982:
7964:
5233:
7938:
5641:
5559:
4380:
668:
4681:
7891:
5482:
2868:
1097:
868:
2702:
1304:
1188:
4724:
5794:
5601:
1475:
5720:
4552:
2661:
1432:
3609:
1127:
3564:
2331:
7865:
5408:
3729:
4767:
5757:
1518:
1346:
5079:
2827:
2114:
2030:
1733:
1647:
1064:
5445:
2457:
1692:
4690:
5072:
1561:
1817:
4561:
898:
928:
1264:
808:
1898:
1857:
1604:
4389:
2158:
1774:
4604:
2620:
1157:
4810:
2243:
1939:
5678:
2375:
2287:
1389:
3738:
4346:
4088:
3555:
600:
4776:
3695:
4036:
4962:
4475:
4174:
2498:
4733:
3957:
3652:
3903:
3815:
4518:
4432:
4303:
4217:
4045:
3912:
3824:
5370:
7667:
2743:
4260:
4131:
3869:
490:
991:
542:
10768:
958:
4647:
4000:
3781:
2199:
4638:
7531:
3686:
7628:
7523:
4079:
3600:
3772:
1031:
3643:
6266:
4466:
4165:
2416:
4208:
4595:
4509:
3991:
4337:
4122:
3948:
4294:
4251:
3860:
4893:
8764:
Controversial messianic movement founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, Punjab (British-controlled India), in 1889. Founder claimed to be a "nonlegislating" prophet (thus not in opposition to the mainstream belief in the finality of
Muhammad 's "legislative" prophecy) with a divine mandate for the
5028:
and Mu'awiya entered Kufa in July or
September 661 and was recognized as caliph. This year is considered by a number of the early Muslim sources as 'the year of unity' and is generally regarded as the start of Mu'awiya's caliphate. Hasan abdicated as caliph after ruling for six or seven months.
7817:
as a terrorist organization, and the founding organization of the
Islamic State caliphate. Were severely degraded in operational capability, subscribers and territorial control during the military intervention in Iraq and Syria by the U.S.-led
7783:
territories in various countries including Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Nigeria, Libya, the
Philippines, Afghanistan, Congo, Yemen, and the Sinai region in Egypt, in addition to running guerrilla cells in many other countries.
8926:
8843:
9408:
Marsham, Andrew (2013). "The
Architecture of Allegiance in Early Islamic Late Antiquity: The Accession of Mu'awiya in Jerusalem, ca. 661 CE". In Beihammer, Alexander; Constantinou, Stavroula; Parani, Maria (eds.).
7829:
As of early, 2022 Islamic State occupies some territory in
Nigeria and has 3 million people under its rule; and also it continues to maintain control over some rural uninhabited areas in both Iraq and Syria
289:
to have been the most virtuous and pure caliphs. They were chosen by popular acclamation or by a small committee, in contrast with the following caliphates, which were mostly hereditary. On the other hand,
8080:
The legitimacy of his
Caliphate is disputed; however, the date of end can be assigned to his loss of the Harayman, in 1925 or to his death, in 1931. Both interpretations can be found in sources.
7652:(alternatively known as the Fulani Jihad), which sought to reduce the influence of pre-Islamic religious practices and spread a more vigorous form of Islam through the auspices of a Caliphate.
8913:
and has dangerous consequences for the Sunnis in Iraq and for the revolt in Syria", adding that the title of caliph can "only be given by the entire Muslim nation", not by a single group.
7741:
was promulgated by the government of
Pakistan which rendered the Khalifatul Masih unable to perform his duties and put the very institution in jeopardy. Due to these circumstances,
8917:
8812:
Founder of Ahmadi movement in Punjab, India, in 1889... The movement is labeled non-Muslim and fiercely opposed by
Muslims, although the group considers itself Muslim.
7819:
8346:
10461:
2785:
7810:
referred to ISIS as a
Caliphate, claiming "ISIS is on the run, their Caliphate has crumbled, and we will soon drive them out of existence once and for all."
8867:
5232:
9017:
8012:
9313:
10837:
8974:
7823:
10822:
10454:
9086:
The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXII: The Reunification of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate: The Caliphate of al-Maʾmūn, A.D. 813–33/A.H. 198–213
5024:, the commander of Hasan's vanguard, to desert his post, and sent envoys to negotiate with Hasan. In return for a financial settlement,
9535:
9433:
The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXIV: The Empire in Transition: The Caliphates of Sulaymān, ʿUmar, and Yazīd, A.D. 715–724/A.H. 96–105
9004:
8243:
8219:
10343:
9931:
8844:"Iraq crisis: Isis declares its territories a new Islamic state with 'restoration of caliphate' in Middle East – Middle East – World"
8029:
4920:, who did not adopted the caliphal office and style. Like the Fatimid caliphs, he was a descendant of Muhammad through a grandson of
10780:
1806:
4455:
10785:
10101:
8777:
5983:
2421:
774:
10771:
10447:
9881:
9857:
9031:
3589:
10473:
10264:
9489:
9441:
9420:
9352:
9271:
9250:
9214:
9199:
9167:
9143:
9094:
8332:
7943:
3513:
3323:
359:, where they continued to claim caliphal authority, but had no political power, and actual authority was in the hands of the
328:. The Abbassid Caliphate was initially strong and united, but gradually fractured into several states whose rulers only paid
10301:
9044:"IS's concern continues to be maintaining control in places like the Muqdadiya and Khanaqin districts, Hawija, and Tarmiya
9295:
9045:
8193:
7814:
7718:
of Islam. The Caliph is believed to be divinely guided and is also referred to by members of current Khalifatul Masih is
9338:
9236:
9129:
332:
to the caliph in Baghdad. There were also rivals to the Abbasids who claimed the caliphates for themselves, such as the
9603:
9070:
8705:
7917:
4283:
387:
5521:
10666:
9398:
8889:
8684:
8655:
8446:
7896:
4867:
4848:
4097:
3761:
837:
391:
3608:
10498:
9628:
8555:
8147:
6281:
4901:
9723:
3563:
8024:
4871:
4422:
9108:
10393:
9623:
9528:
8256:
7969:
7780:
7729:
in Punjab, British India, which remained the headquarters of the community until 1947 with the independence of
5978:
5704:
5647:
4970:
4916:, who assumed both on 11 March 1924 and held them until 3 October 1924, when he passed the kingship to his son
4689:
3522:
406:
8121:
mainstream and the majority of Muslims reject the sect as it believes in prophethood after Muhammad; see also
10656:
10336:
9924:
8673:هندوستان ميں فارسى تاريخ نگارى: ٧١ويں صدى كے آخرى نصف سے ٨١ويں صدى كے پهلے نصف تک فارسى تاريخ نگارى كا ارتقاء
7661:
7029:
6317:
4560:
4388:
4008:
1330:
1290:
653:
7813:
The Islamic State of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the militant jihadist organization prescribed by
2070:
1981:
10817:
10368:
7963:
7779:. The caliphate's claimed territory at its peak controlled 12 million people. At its height, Islamic State
7538:
Several rulers of West Africa adopted the title of Caliph. Mai Ali Ghaji ibn Dunama was the first ruler of
5508:
5450:
8401:
7937:
10832:
8601:
8571:
1759:
1378:
9473:
8672:
5025:
230:
Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wa Salam, and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of
10827:
10060:
9388:
8324:
5590:
4940:. He continued to use the title of caliph during his remaining life in exile, until his death in 1931.
4863:
4603:
399:
10503:
9875:
6190:
5640:
4379:
4345:
4087:
10423:
10378:
10363:
9678:
9521:
9329:
9223:
9116:
8438:
The Cambridge History of Islam: The Indian sub-continent, South-East Asia, Africa and the Muslim west
8288:
5862:
5585:
5528:
5471:
5413:
5178:
2973:
2853:
964:
649:
367:
9812:
8947:
7890:
6042:
5266:
5020:, where Ali's son Hasan ibn Ali had been nominated as Ali's successor. Mu'awiya successfully bribed
4680:
4474:
4173:
3737:
2867:
10611:
10329:
9917:
9309:
9153:
7471:
7335:
7316:
6359:
6353:
6311:
3617:
3521:(reigned 1362–1389) was the first Ottoman claimant to the title of Caliph; claimed the title after
2958:
2931:
2701:
2483:
9887:
9767:
9762:
8097:
6216:
5558:
4976:
3 March 1924 – 19 December 1925 (as reigning caliph)/4 June 1931 (as titular caliph in the exile)
4900:
A last attempt at restoring the caliphal office and style with ecumenical recognition was made by
4859:
4775:
4517:
4431:
4302:
4216:
4044:
3911:
3823:
3694:
1096:
867:
667:
10352:
10239:
10224:
9940:
9843:
9693:
9668:
7303:
6335:
6293:
5364:
5239:
5166:
5161:
4937:
4799:
3197:
3125:
2775:
1070:
904:
633:
576:
352:
39:
9787:
9003:
Office of the 33rd Lead Inspector General of the United States Department of Defense (May 2023)
8242:
Office of the 33rd Lead Inspector General of the United States Department of Defense (May 2023)
5928:
5481:
4732:
4723:
4259:
4130:
3956:
3868:
3651:
340:
10408:
10249:
9596:
9261:
8721:
8677:
8320:
8122:
8041:
8019:
5763:
5261:
5140:
3245:
3092:
3068:
3004:
2894:
1187:
645:
9772:
9747:
9477:
8484:
8416:
8310:
7777:
Abu Bakr Ibrahim bin Awwad Al-Badri Al-Husaini Al-Hashimi Al-Quraishi As-sammera'i al-Baghdadi
7702:(i.e. Caliph, successor), is the elected spiritual and organizational leader of the worldwide
5793:
5600:
4646:
4551:
3999:
3780:
2660:
1303:
10388:
10199:
10146:
9864:
9850:
9827:
9817:
9436:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
9368:
The Mohammedan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions
9089:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
8616:
8586:
8316:
7725:
After the death of Ghulam Ahmad, his successors directed the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community from
7455:
6329:
6299:
6119:
6068:
5719:
5667:
5607:
5021:
4713:
2792:
2401:
1507:
1335:
429:, on 23 December 1925, Hussein surrendered to the Saudis, bringing the Kingdom of Hejaz, the
9732:
8960:"A Jihadi Civil War of Words: The Ghuraba' Media Foundation and Minbar al-Tawhid wa'l-Jihad"
8797:
8386:
8371:
8280:
8172:
1474:
1431:
10549:
10269:
9993:
9708:
9683:
8749:
7870:
7776:
5190:
5009:
4852:
3347:
2330:
1163:
1126:
705:
701:
8730:. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
8724:(1992) . "The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji". In Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (ed.).
7775:
proclaimed the return of the Islamic caliphate, with its first caliph as Amir al-Mu'minin
3728:
8:
10537:
10493:
10398:
7992:
7766:
7754:
7719:
7606:
7603:
7567:
7484:
6347:
5756:
5746:
5684:
5194:
4887:
4856:
4766:
4756:
4670:
4369:
2908:
During the later period of Abbasid rule, Muslim rulers began using other titles, such as
1593:
1517:
434:
44:
9455:
9366:
9005:"OPERATION INHERENT RESOLVE LEAD INSPECTOR GENERAL REPORT TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS"
8244:"OPERATION INHERENT RESOLVE LEAD INSPECTOR GENERAL REPORT TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS"
7864:
4836:
4584:
9544:
9362:
9333:
9227:
9120:
8612:
8597:
8582:
8567:
8061:
7707:
6093:
6017:
5078:
4627:
4240:
4197:
3044:
3019:
2982:
1681:
1345:
1063:
721:
450:
430:
317:
238:
101:
51:
9046:
https://musingsoniraq.blogspot.com/2023/02/violence-drops-in-iraq-in-january-2023.html
8007:
5975:
5407:
4541:
4326:
374:
was taken to Constantinople, where he surrendered the caliphate to the Ottoman Sultan
10477:
10294:
10284:
10254:
9797:
9777:
9638:
9589:
9485:
9461:
9451:
9437:
9416:
9394:
9372:
9348:
9291:
9267:
9246:
9195:
9173:
9163:
9139:
9090:
9066:
8906:
8825:"Khilafat – Caliphate – The Guided Khilafat – Khilafat e Ahmadiyya – Al Islam Online"
8731:
8701:
8680:
8651:
8442:
8338:
8328:
7742:
7587:
7277:
6305:
6258:
6228:
6203:
6178:
6156:
6131:
6080:
6055:
6004:
5963:
5434:
5360:
5182:
4498:
3502:
3472:
3424:
3273:
2826:
2113:
2029:
1732:
1646:
1560:
1228:
742:
371:
344:
336:
325:
306:
10568:
5444:
3517:
originally, but soon it started accumulating titles assumed from subjected peoples.
2456:
1691:
927:
897:
124:
10812:
10373:
10274:
10214:
10163:
10121:
9899:
9837:
9757:
9384:
9321:
8976:
FULL EVENT: President Donald Trump MASSIVE Rally in Elkhart, Indiana – May 10, 2018
8628:
8046:
7799:
7622:
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7284:
6483:
6323:
6287:
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5548:
5488:
4905:
4412:
3462:
3414:
3372:
3236:
3164:
3116:
3078:
2925:
2576:
1816:
360:
348:
9287:
When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty
8100:, President of the newly founded Republic of Turkey) but as a religious and royal
1263:
807:
329:
10543:
10488:
10244:
10229:
10219:
10189:
10156:
9982:
9870:
9742:
9612:
9504:
9431:
9412:
Court Ceremonies and Rituals of Power in Byzantium and the Medieval Mediterranean
9410:
9317:
9285:
9281:
9189:
9157:
9084:
8725:
8436:
8092:, the last Ottoman Caliph, lacked a tughra of his own, since he did not serve as
7679:
7645:
7575:
7491:
7003:
6735:
6341:
6166:
6109:
6033:
5071:
4929:
4913:
3508:
3387:
3362:
3338:
3314:
3287:
3260:
3222:
3150:
3102:
2935:
2874:
1897:
1856:
1603:
1587:
1544:
1501:
1437:
1156:
659:
584:
383:
321:
302:
246:
231:
95:
4809:
4025:
3980:
2242:
2157:
1773:
10736:
10470:
10403:
10383:
10259:
10151:
10091:
10044:
10039:
10024:
10004:
9658:
9482:
E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume VI: Morocco–Ruzzik
9325:
9231:
9219:
9185:
9124:
9112:
9080:
8959:
8890:"Islamic State-controlled parts of Syria, Iraq largely out of reach: Red Cross"
7610:
7547:
7517:
6247:
5783:
5725:
5677:
5627:
5565:
4699:
4154:
3892:
3718:
3300:
2832:
2619:
2374:
2337:
2143:
2099:
2056:
2013:
1965:
1904:
1863:
1739:
1675:
1630:
1567:
844:
379:
10555:
8980:
4111:
2930:
The Cairo Abbasids were largely ceremonial Caliphs under the patronage of the
1938:
10806:
10751:
10701:
10116:
10029:
10014:
9832:
9648:
9465:
9305:
9104:
8432:
8342:
8093:
8089:
7772:
7737:, a town built on land bought in Pakistan by the community in 1948. In 1984,
7687:
7579:
5327:
5317:
5288:
5224:
5087:
5063:
5003:
4921:
4851:
which dissolved the office on March 3, 1924, in keeping with the policies of
4822:
4398:
4068:
3937:
3849:
3804:
3675:
2909:
2605:
2540:
1883:
1800:
1780:
1718:
1653:
781:
591:
418:
398:, retained the title of caliph for two more years, after which the caliphate
395:
333:
286:
211:
186:
10439:
9177:
9162:. New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys (2nd ed.). Edinburgh University Press.
8735:
8036:
3554:
1388:
10721:
10289:
10279:
10234:
10131:
10111:
9999:
9376:
9209:
7795:
7738:
7539:
7513:
6254:
4961:
4917:
4570:
3632:
3486:
3448:
3438:
3400:
3174:
2728:
2667:
2646:
2560:
2504:
2497:
1524:
1464:
1421:
414:
310:
8824:
2286:
10696:
10209:
10204:
10086:
10081:
10054:
10019:
9802:
9698:
8778:"The Ahmadiyyah Movement – Islamic Studies – Oxford Bibliographies – obo"
8428:
8118:
8056:
7787:
In 2014–15, dozens of Salafi Jihadi groups and scholars around the world
7637:
7595:
6104:
6028:
5993:
5369:
5147:
5095:
4355:
3212:
3188:
3140:
3054:
3029:
2742:
2597:
2316:
2249:
2228:
2184:
2077:
1988:
1924:
1698:
1103:
728:
709:
637:
298:
9460:. Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta.
8173:"The Struggle for Unity and Authority in Islam: Reviving the Caliphate?"
7562:
domination of numerous Muslim empires, kingdoms and sultanates, Islamic
990:
957:
599:
541:
489:
294:
only recognise Ali and consider the first three caliphs to be usurpers.
10711:
10676:
10626:
10600:
10594:
10194:
10136:
10126:
10106:
10076:
10049:
10034:
9752:
9673:
8284:
8101:
8051:
7807:
7803:
7666:
7649:
7559:
4484:
4183:
4035:
3932:
3844:
3747:
3584:
2769:
2708:
2687:
2626:
2524:
2463:
2272:
2205:
2198:
1945:
1823:
934:
9063:
The Caliph's Splendor: Islam and the West in the Golden Age of Baghdad
8918:"Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi addresses Muslims in Mosul"
8868:"ISIS Spokesman Declares Caliphate, Rebrands Group as "Islamic State""
4855:
that were adopted in the early years of the Republic of Turkey by its
4637:
3902:
3814:
10746:
10726:
10716:
10706:
10691:
10681:
10661:
10646:
10636:
10621:
10589:
10579:
10531:
10009:
9967:
9962:
9822:
9807:
9713:
9703:
9498:
8727:
A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206–1526)
8296:
8114:
7788:
7703:
7599:
7591:
7583:
7563:
7530:
5274:
5013:
4925:
4785:
4613:
4527:
4441:
4312:
4226:
4054:
3921:
3833:
3704:
1842:
1610:
1372:
1310:
1269:
1194:
1133:
533:
422:
309:, the largest caliphate and the last one to actively rule the entire
215:
130:
8648:
Mawlana Mawdudi and Political Islam: Authority and the Islamic State
3685:
10741:
10686:
10671:
10651:
10641:
10616:
10584:
10574:
10562:
10418:
10413:
10141:
10096:
10066:
9972:
9688:
9663:
9555:
9513:
7730:
7627:
5882:
5850:
5829:
5799:
5174:
5136:
5054:
4933:
4742:
4269:
4140:
4078:
3966:
3878:
3661:
2812:
2749:
2442:
2381:
2120:
2036:
1458:
1415:
1352:
1037:
874:
498:
477:
446:
410:
270:
242:
227:
176:
157:
113:
71:
10321:
10314:
indicates ephemeral caliphs recognized in the city of Baghdad only
9909:
9581:
9159:
The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual
3771:
3599:
1030:
10731:
10631:
10606:
10526:
10516:
10428:
10071:
9987:
9977:
9952:
9653:
7750:
7715:
7553:
7522:
6202:
Abd ar-Rahman bin Ubayd Allah bin Abd ar-Rahman III, grandson of
5939:
5893:
5132:
4932:
movements, and in 1925 he was driven from Hejaz by the forces of
4656:
4020:
3790:
3573:
3518:
2360:
2293:
2164:
2019:
1636:
1550:
1481:
1395:
997:
814:
717:
375:
291:
89:
8909:
stated: " declaration issued by the Islamic State is void under
7507:
5155:
3642:
10175:
9948:
9565:
8910:
8292:
7746:
7734:
7733:. From this time on, the headquarters moved to and remained in
7726:
7571:
6265:
3537:
3525:
2913:
798:
608:
426:
278:
207:
197:
136:
83:
59:
6227:
Muhammad bin 'Abd al-Malik bin Abd ar-Rahman III, grandson of
5189:
but was defeated and killed there in 692 AD after a six-month
4465:
4164:
2415:
1215:
Cousin of Al-Walid I, Sulayman, Umar II, Yazid II and Hisham.
716:
Muhammad's Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wa Salam cousin, and husband of
409:
proclaimed himself Caliph. In October 1924, facing defeat by
10521:
10179:
9018:"After Shekau: Confronting Jihadists in Nigeria's North East"
7711:
5935:
5709:
5186:
5170:
4909:
4875:
4207:
1971:
644:
Husband of Muhammad's Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wa Salam daughters,
526:
356:
221:
107:
77:
8513:
7631:
The Sokoto Caliphate (pink) at its greatest extent (c. 1800)
6177:
Hisham bin Abd al-Jabbar bin Abd ar-Rahman III, grandson of
6054:
Hisham bin Abd al-Jabbar bin Abd ar-Rahman III, grandson of
4896:
Map with the kingdom in green and the current region in red.
4594:
4508:
3990:
9560:
8627:
8002:
7997:
7644:
Established by Tariqa Islamic scholar and religious leader
5017:
4847:
The Office of the Ottoman Caliphate was transferred to the
4336:
4293:
4121:
3947:
1020:
550:
413:, he abdicated and was succeeded as king by his eldest son
274:
65:
9390:
The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate
7602:
were clearly to have appeared. These largely impacted the
4250:
3859:
9570:
6130:
Al-Hakam bin Sulayman bin Abd ar-Rahman III, grandson of
6079:
Al-Hakam bin Sulayman bin Abd ar-Rahman III, grandson of
5806:
Abūʾl-Maymūn ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Mustanṣir
5126:
676:
417:. After Hejaz was subsequently completely invaded by the
405:
In March 1924, when the Ottoman Caliphate was abolished,
282:
8441:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 320.
5934:(Not universally accepted; actual authority confined to
4924:. Hussein's claim for caliphate was not accepted by the
4892:
8501:
8220:"The rise and fall of the Islamic caliphate in history"
724:, Muhammad's Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wa Salam granddaughter
720:, Muhammad's Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wa Salam daughter, and
9194:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
8720:
7566:
were not fully attempted to be established across the
8798:"Ghulam Ahmad, Mirza – Oxford Islamic Studies Online"
8537:
8489:
7655:
7636:(Not widely accepted, actual dominions were parts of
6253:(Not widely accepted, actual dominions were parts of
5129:, fourth Rashidun Caliph and first Imam of Shia Islam
2919:
8525:
219:
210:
is the supreme religious and political leader of an
29:
9263:
E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936
9191:
Muhammad and the Believers, at the Origins of Islam
8285:
Abd Allah Ibn al-Muqaffa and the Abbasid Revolution
7794:On 10 April 2018, during a rally of U.S. President
9304:
9266:. Vol. IX (Reprint ed.). Leiden: BRILL.
9213:
9032:"5 ISIS Enclaves Remain in Central, Eastern Syria"
8916:
8257:"The Umayyad Caliphate: The Largest Islamic State"
5922:
4997:
4881:
8312:Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land
7662:Khalifatul Masih § List of Ahmadiyya Caliphs
7526:The Bornu Empire at its greatest extent (c. 1750)
2469:Abū'l-Qāsim ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im
634:assassinated at the end of a siege upon his house
10804:
9371:. Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company.
8972:
8676:, Kanishka Publishing, original source from the
6241:
3496:
8698:Structure of Politics Under Aurangzeb 1658–1707
8194:"Successors to the prophet: Islam's caliphates"
7760:
7753:, provisionally moving the headquarters to the
7616:
7534:Songhai Empire at its greatest extent (c. 1500)
5354:
1222:
440:
226:as political successors to the Islamic prophet
8013:List of Sheikh-ul-Islams of the Ottoman Empire
7554:Indian caliphates (late medieval/early modern)
736:
587:, Muhammad's Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wa Salam wife
529:, Muhammad's Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wa Salam wife
10469:
10455:
10337:
9925:
9597:
9529:
9415:. Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 87–114.
8841:
7550:also assumed the title around the same time.
7508:Bornu and Songhai Empires (15th/16th century)
5156:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr's Caliphate (684–692)
1089:Brother of al-Walid I, Sulayman and Yazid II
8427:
6360:Abu al-Ula (Abu Dabbus) Idris II 'al-Wathiq'
5820:Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad ibn al-Mustansir Billah
5077:
5070:
2387:Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Ishaq ibn al-Muqtadir
683:
615:
557:
505:
23:
9472:
8700:. Kanishka Publishers Distributors (2002).
6269:The Almohad Empire at its greatest extent (
254:
10462:
10448:
10344:
10330:
9932:
9918:
9604:
9590:
9536:
9522:
9450:
9339:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
9237:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
9130:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
8302:
5282:
3624:30 September 1520 – 6 or 7 September 1566
320:overthrew the Ummayads and instituted the
9393:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9260:Houtsma, M. Th.; Wensinck, A. J. (1993).
9245:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 263–268.
8750:"Ahmadis – Oxford Islamic Studies Online"
8171:McQuaid, Julia Voelker (September 2007).
8113:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad is the founder of the
8030:List of presidents of Al-Azhar University
7806:’s bid for the US Senate, Vice President
4318:13 December 1754 – 29 or 30 October 1757
3972:10 September 1623 – 8 or 9 February 1640
3753:27 January 1595 – 20 or 21 December 1603
285:RadiAllahu 'Anhum, who are considered by
9383:
9103:
9079:
8519:
8507:
7665:
7626:
7529:
7521:
7492:Abu Muhammad Abd al-Wahid II 'al-Rashid'
6342:Abu Muhammad Abd al-Wahid II 'al-Rashid'
6264:
5368:
4891:
1016:First cousin of Al-Walid I and Sulayman
9407:
9280:
9060:
8914:
8695:
8645:
8543:
8170:
7574:based reigns of Sunni emperors such as
7030:Abu Muhammad Abd al-Wahid I 'al-Makhlu'
6318:Abu Muhammad Abd al-Wahid I 'al-Makhlu'
5185:in 684 AD. He was proclaimed caliph in
2934:that existed after the takeover of the
2448:Badr al-Dija also known as Qatr al-Nida
1927:, Abbasid prince and Commander-in-chief
10805:
9503:
9480:. In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.).
9429:
9184:
8495:
8308:
8217:
7871:Abu-Bakr Ibrahim bin Awwad al-Baghdadi
5534:Abu Tamim Ma'ad al-Muizz li-Din Allah
5420:Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥusayn
297:The Rashidun caliphate ended with the
10443:
10325:
9913:
9585:
9517:
9502:
9208:
8556:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O
8531:
7944:Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi
7490:
7483:
7481:
7479:
7477:
7470:
7467:
7464:
7461:
7454:
7408:
7394:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7386:
7354:
7347:
7344:
7341:
7334:
7332:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7322:
7315:
7313:
7311:
7309:
7302:
7299:
7296:
7293:
7290:
7283:
7276:
7180:
7154:
7152:
7150:
7148:
7146:
7126:
7124:
7122:
7120:
7118:
7074:
7067:
7064:
7061:
7058:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7048:
7046:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7035:
7028:
7025:
7022:
7019:
7016:
7009:
7002:
6890:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6844:
6842:
6784:
6777:
6774:
6771:
6768:
6765:
6762:
6759:
6756:
6753:
6750:
6747:
6744:
6741:
6734:
6731:
6611:
6517:
6511:
6509:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6489:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6464:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6448:
6446:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6432:
6430:
6428:
6426:
6424:
6422:
6420:
6414:
6412:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6379:
6377:
5690:Abū Tamīm Maʿad al-Mustanṣir biʾllāh
5457:Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh
4232:22 August 1703 – 1 or 2 October 1730
3667:29 September 1566 – 21 December 1574
378:. The caliphate then remained in the
301:, which transferred authority to the
196:3 March 1924 (as political office in
10838:Medieval Islamic world-related lists
10762:First Ottoman caliph • Caliph only
9543:
9347:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 311.
8635:. Ohio University Press. p. 81.
7558:Since the 12th century, despite the
5732:Abū al-Qāsim Aḥmad ibn al-Mustanṣir
4878:religious authority in the country.
4404:21 January 1774 – 6 or 7 April 1789
3839:22 November 1617 – 26 February 1618
3796:21 December 1603 – 22 November 1617
10351:
9939:
9611:
8274:
8145:
7698:), sometimes simply referred to as
7691:
7683:
5836:Abū al-Manṣūr Ismāʿīl ibn al-Ḥāfiẓ
5769:Abū ʿAlī al-Manṣūr ibn al-Mustaʿlī
4992:
3710:22 December 1574 – 16 January 1595
2992:16 November 1262 – 19 January 1302
1056:Brother of al-Walid I and Sulayman
684:
616:
558:
506:
355:, the Abbassid family relocated to
250:
24:
13:
10823:Lists of Islamic religious leaders
8218:Ekinci, Ekrem Buğra (2017-03-03).
7918:Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi
7897:Abu-Ibrahim Al-Hashimi Al-Quraishi
7656:Ahmadiyya Caliphate (1908–present)
6312:Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II 'al-Mustansir'
5900:Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf
4960:
4808:
4774:
4765:
4731:
4722:
4688:
4679:
4645:
4636:
4602:
4593:
4559:
4550:
4516:
4507:
4473:
4464:
4430:
4421:
4387:
4378:
4361:30 October 1757 – 21 January 1774
4344:
4335:
4301:
4292:
4275:2 October 1730 – 13 December 1754
4258:
4249:
4215:
4206:
4172:
4163:
4129:
4120:
4086:
4077:
4043:
4034:
3998:
3989:
3955:
3946:
3910:
3901:
3867:
3858:
3822:
3813:
3779:
3770:
3736:
3727:
3693:
3684:
3650:
3641:
3607:
3598:
3562:
3553:
3183:September 1383 – 13 November 1386
2920:Mamluk Abbasid dynasty (1261–1517)
1508:Zubaidah bint Ja`far ibn al-Mansur
666:
598:
540:
488:
394:. The head of the House of Osman,
14:
10849:
8349:from the original on 14 June 2024
5974:Muhammad ibn Abdullah son of the
4868:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
4849:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
4189:6 February 1695 – 22 August 1703
3381:5 April 1479 – 27 September 1497
392:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
10767:
10766:
9722:
9290:. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.
8765:revival and renewal of Islam ...
7962:
7936:
7889:
7863:
7820:Global Coalition to Defeat Daesh
7670:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Flag.
5792:
5755:
5718:
5676:
5639:
5599:
5557:
5520:
5480:
5443:
5406:
5231:
4828:18 November 1922 – 3 March 1924
4060:8 August 1648 – 8 November 1687
4015:9 February 1640 – 8 August 1648
3927:20 May 1622 – 10 September 1623
3014:20 January 1302 – February 1340
2968:13 June 1261 – 28 November 1261
2866:
2825:
2784:
2741:
2700:
2659:
2618:
2496:
2455:
2414:
2373:
2329:
2285:
2241:
2197:
2156:
2112:
2069:
2028:
1980:
1937:
1896:
1855:
1815:
1772:
1731:
1690:
1645:
1602:
1559:
1516:
1473:
1430:
1387:
1344:
1302:
1262:
1186:
1155:
1125:
1095:
1062:
1029:
989:
956:
926:
896:
866:
836:
806:
773:
9054:
9038:
9024:
9010:
8997:
8973:Trump TV Network (2018-05-10),
8966:
8952:
8941:
8929:from the original on 2022-01-12
8915:Strange, Hannah (5 July 2014).
8900:
8882:
8860:
8835:
8817:
8790:
8770:
8742:
8714:
8689:
8664:
8639:
8621:
8606:
8591:
8576:
8561:
8549:
8474:
8462:
8421:
8406:
8391:
8376:
8361:
8107:
8083:
8025:List of grand imams of al-Azhar
7336:Abu Dabbus Idris II 'al-Wathiq'
5923:Caliphate of Córdoba (929–1031)
5914:Yusuf ibn al-Hafiz li-Din Allah
5653:Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥākim
4998:Hasan ibn Ali's Caliphate (661)
4882:Sharifian Caliphate (1924–1925)
4872:Presidency of Religious Affairs
4705:31 August 1876 – 27 April 1909
4146:22 June 1691 – 6 February 1695
4103:8 November 1687 – 22 June 1691
3884:26 February 1618 – 19 May 1622
3255:22 January 1406 – 9 March 1414
1295:Rayta bint Ubaydallah al-Harsia
950:Son of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
9484:. Leiden: Brill. p. 777.
9430:Powers, David S., ed. (1989).
8870:. SITE Institute. 29 June 2014
8633:The History of Islam in Africa
8249:
8236:
8211:
8186:
8164:
8139:
8074:
7970:Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi
7838:
7745:left Pakistan and migrated to
7710:, who had taken the titles of
7304:Abu al-Ala Idris I 'al-Ma'mun'
5979:Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi
5868:Abūʾl-Qāsim ʿĪsā ibn al-Ẓāfir
4791:4 July 1918 – 1 November 1922
407:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
1:
10781:Heads of the Osmanoğlu family
9865:Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun ibn Hammud
9851:Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun ibn Hammud
9457:The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall
9314:"Yazīd (II) b. ʿAbd al-Malik"
8670:Shah Muhammad Waseem (2003):
8132:
8096:(that position being held by
7824:Russian military intervention
6270:
6242:Almohad Caliphate (1145–1269)
4918:`Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Hashimi
4662:30 May 1876 – 31 August 1876
3497:Ottoman Caliphate (1517–1924)
3038:February 1340 – 17 June 1341
2489:Urjuman, (Armenian concubine)
1331:Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah
1291:Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah
120:Parallel regional caliphates
110:, Egypt (973-1171, 1261–1517)
8842:Adam Withnall (2014-06-30).
8802:www.oxfordislamicstudies.com
8754:www.oxfordislamicstudies.com
8315:. Princeton Legacy Library.
8309:Peters, Francis E. (2017) .
8180:Center for Strategic Studies
7761:Islamic State (2014–present)
7617:Sokoto Caliphate (1804–1903)
6336:Abu al-Ala Idris I al-Ma'mun
6300:Abu Yusuf Ya'qub 'al-Mansur'
5373:Caliphate of Fatimid dynasty
5355:Fatimid Caliphate (909–1171)
4748:27 April 1909 – 3 July 1918
1223:Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258)
1115:17 April 744 (assassinated)
480:Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wa Salam
441:Rashidun Caliphate (632–661)
7:
8383:Houtsma & Wensinck 1993
7986:
7791:to ISIS-claimed Caliphate.
7485:Abu al-Hassan Ali 'al-Said'
7004:Abu Yusuf Yaqub 'al-Mansur'
6348:Abu al-Hassan Ali 'al-Said'
5705:al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah
5648:al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah
4619:25 June 1861 – 30 May 1876
4576:1 July 1839 – 25 June 1861
4533:28 July 1808 – 1 July 1839
4490:29 May 1807 – 28 July 1808
4447:7 April 1789 – 29 May 1807
1724:Hubshiya, a Greek concubine
1379:Arwa bint Mansur al-Himyari
737:Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
353:Baghdad fell to the Mongols
220:
160:Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wa Salam
30:
10:
10854:
9361:
9259:
9215:"Muʿāwiya I b. Abī Sufyān"
9152:
9007:(PDF) Retrieved 2023-05-04
8480:
8468:
8412:
8397:
8382:
8367:
8325:Princeton University Press
8246:(PDF) Retrieved 2023-05-04
7764:
7704:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
7659:
7620:
7511:
7317:Abu Hafs Umar 'al-Murtada'
6748:Abu Zakariya Abd al-Rahman
6354:Abu Hafs Umar 'al-Murtada'
6245:
5926:
5358:
5286:
5159:
5108:661 (six or seven months)
5001:
4938:Second Saudi-Hashemite War
4885:
4864:abolition of the Caliphate
3500:
2923:
2234:Khalub also known as Zuhra
1226:
768:Relation with predecessor
740:
444:
92:, Iraq (762–836, 892–1258)
10760:
10512:
10484:
10359:
10312:
10174:
9947:
9896:
9786:
9731:
9720:
9637:
9619:
9551:
9511:
9154:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund
8948:Power rankings April 2015
8152:interactive.aljazeera.com
7695:
7448:
7446:
7440:
7438:
7432:
7430:
7424:
7422:
7416:
7414:
7406:
7402:
7400:
7396:
7384:
7380:
7378:
7376:
7374:
7372:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7364:
7362:
7360:
7356:
7270:
7268:
7262:
7260:
7254:
7252:
7244:
7242:
7236:
7234:
7228:
7226:
7220:
7218:
7212:
7210:
7204:
7202:
7196:
7194:
7188:
7186:
7178:
7174:
7172:
7170:
7168:
7166:
7164:
7162:
7160:
7144:
7140:
7138:
7136:
7134:
7132:
7128:
7116:
7112:
7110:
7108:
7106:
7104:
7102:
7100:
7098:
7096:
7094:
7092:
7090:
7088:
7086:
7084:
7082:
7080:
7076:
7023:Abu Hafs Umar 'al-Rashid'
6996:
6994:
6988:
6986:
6980:
6978:
6972:
6970:
6964:
6962:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6948:
6946:
6940:
6938:
6932:
6930:
6924:
6922:
6916:
6914:
6908:
6906:
6900:
6898:
6888:
6884:
6882:
6876:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6866:
6864:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6856:
6840:
6836:
6834:
6832:
6830:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6818:
6816:
6814:
6812:
6810:
6808:
6806:
6804:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6792:
6790:
6725:
6723:
6717:
6715:
6709:
6707:
6701:
6699:
6693:
6691:
6685:
6683:
6677:
6675:
6669:
6667:
6661:
6659:
6653:
6651:
6645:
6643:
6637:
6635:
6629:
6627:
6621:
6619:
6609:
6605:
6603:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6561:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6553:
6551:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6543:
6541:
6539:
6537:
6531:
6529:
6527:
6525:
6523:
6436:
6434:
5908:
5876:
5844:
5814:
5777:
5740:
5698:
5661:
5632:as-Sayyidah al-'Azīziyyah
5621:
5579:
5542:
5502:
5472:Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah
5465:
5428:
5119:Son of 'Ali ibn Abi Talib
5107:
3579:1517 – 21 September 1520
3378:Abu al-'Izz 'Abdul 'Aziz
2888:
2847:
2806:
2763:
2722:
2681:
2640:
2554:
2518:
2477:
2436:
2395:
2178:
2091:
2047:
1959:
1918:
1877:
1836:
1794:
1753:
1712:
1667:
1624:
1581:
1538:
1495:
1452:
1409:
1366:
1324:
1284:
1205:
1170:
1144:
1114:
1081:
1048:
1008:
975:
965:Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik
945:
915:
885:
855:
825:
792:
697:
629:
572:
520:
368:Ottoman conquest of Egypt
237:The first caliphate, the
218:. Caliphs led the Muslim
192:
182:
172:
164:
153:
145:
68:, Iraq (656–661, 750–762)
50:
38:
20:
10499:Family tree (simplified)
9882:Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali
9858:Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali
9065:. Simon & Schuster.
9061:Bobrick, Benson (2012).
8067:
7706:and is the successor of
7696:Successor of the Messiah
5012:, the governor of Syria
2632:Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
2530:Taif al-Afwah (Egyptian)
1786:Abū ʿAbd allāh Muhammad
1760:Muhammad ibn al-Mu'tasim
1023:through a maternal line
654:Muhammad's paternal aunt
386:. The Ottoman Sultanate
241:, was ruled by the four
80:, Saudi Arabia (683-692)
62:, Saudi Arabia (632–656)
10061:Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz
9844:Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir
9138:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
7472:Yusuf II 'al'Mustansir'
7345:Abd Allah 'al-Bayyansi'
6751:Abu Abd al-Rahman Yaqub
5831:al-Ẓāfir bi-Aʿdāʾ Allāh
5591:Al-Sayyida al-Mu'iziyya
5365:List of Fatimid caliphs
5283:Talib al-Haqq (747–748)
5240:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
5167:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
5162:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
4693:Tughra of Abdülhamid II
3309:1441 – 29 January 1451
3228:Abu 'Abdillah Muhammad
3156:Abu 'Abdillah Muhammad
3108:Abu 'Abdillah Muhammad
2989:Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad
2170:Abu al-'Abbas Muhammad
1530:Abu al-Abbas 'Abdallah
1465:Al-Khayzuran bint 'Atta
1422:Al-Khayzuran bint 'Atta
1358:Abu 'Abdallah Muhammad
1212:Nephew of Abd al-Malik
1071:Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
1013:Nephew of Abd al-Malik
905:Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
890:First cousin of Uthman
305:that presided over the
10494:Family tree (detailed)
8722:Banarsi Prasad Saksena
8678:University of Michigan
8558:edited by Tony Jacques
8321:Woodstock, Oxfordshire
8123:Persecution of Ahmadis
8042:Succession to Muhammad
8020:Grand Imam of al-Azhar
7822:, and in Syria by the
7671:
7632:
7604:French-Italian emperor
7535:
7527:
7068:Abu Abd Allah Muhammad
7053:Abu Zayd Abd al-Rahman
6763:Abu Muhammad Abd Allah
6745:Abu Zayd Abd al-Rahman
6277:
6155:Mohammed, grandson of
5863:al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah
5764:al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah
5586:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
5529:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
5374:
5262:al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
5082:
5075:
4965:
4897:
4813:
4780:
4770:
4737:
4727:
4694:
4684:
4651:
4641:
4608:
4598:
4565:
4564:Tughra of Abdülmecid I
4555:
4522:
4512:
4479:
4469:
4436:
4426:
4393:
4392:Tughra of Abdülhamid I
4383:
4350:
4340:
4307:
4297:
4264:
4254:
4221:
4211:
4178:
4168:
4135:
4125:
4092:
4082:
4049:
4039:
4004:
3994:
3961:
3951:
3916:
3906:
3873:
3863:
3828:
3818:
3785:
3775:
3742:
3732:
3699:
3689:
3656:
3646:
3613:
3603:
3568:
3558:
3306:Abu ar-Rabi' Sulayman
3252:Abu al-Fadl al-'Abbas
3231:1389 – 9 January 1406
3011:Abu ar-Rabi' Sulaiman
2278:Ghusn, Greek concubine
2267:September/October 949
2255:Abu’l-Qasim 'Abdallah
1848:Qurb (greek concubine)
1276:Abul-'Abbās 'Abdallah
983:Brother of al-Walid I
793:29 April or 1 May 680
671:
603:
545:
493:
264:Rightly Guided Caliphs
149:Hereditary (since 661)
9478:"al-Muʿtaḍid Bi'llāh"
8696:Hussein, S M (2002).
8646:Jackson, Roy (2010).
8317:Princeton, New Jersey
8291:, vol. 27, Nos. 1–4.
7771:On 29 June 2014, the
7765:Further information:
7669:
7630:
7570:. However, under the
7542:to assume the title.
7533:
7525:
6268:
6120:Sulayman ibn al-Hakam
6069:Sulayman ibn al-Hakam
5895:al-ʿĀḍid li-Dīn Allāh
5801:al-Hafiz li-Din Allah
5668:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
5608:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
5452:al-Qāʾim bi-Amr Allāh
5372:
5243:(عبد الله ابن الزبير)
5081:
5074:
5057:(or previous Caliph)
5022:Ubayd Allah ibn Abbas
4964:
4936:as an outcome of the
4895:
4860:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
4812:
4778:
4769:
4735:
4726:
4692:
4683:
4649:
4640:
4606:
4597:
4563:
4554:
4520:
4511:
4477:
4468:
4434:
4425:
4391:
4382:
4349:Tughra of Mustafa III
4348:
4339:
4305:
4296:
4262:
4253:
4219:
4210:
4176:
4167:
4133:
4124:
4091:Tughra of Suleiman II
4090:
4081:
4047:
4038:
4002:
3993:
3959:
3950:
3914:
3905:
3871:
3862:
3826:
3817:
3783:
3774:
3740:
3731:
3697:
3688:
3654:
3645:
3611:
3602:
3566:
3557:
3354:Abu al-Mahasin Yusuf
2839:Abû Ja`far al-Manṣūr
2673:Abū'l-Muẓaffar Yūsuf
2546:Abū'l-Manṣūr al-Faḍl
2484:Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im
2402:Ishaq ibn al-Muqtadir
2366:Utb (Greek concubine)
2299:Abu al-Qasim al-Faḍl
1316:Abu Ja'far 'Abdallah
980:Son of Abd al-Malik
704:while praying in the
670:
602:
544:
492:
370:, the Abbasid caliph
324:which ruled over the
139:, Nigeria (1804-1903)
133:, Morocco (1147–1269)
9994:Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi
9833:Abd Allah al-Mu'ayti
8522:, pp. 320, 322.
7609:and soldiers of the
7598:, absolute forms of
7065:Abu al-Rabi Sulayman
6772:Abu al-Rabi Sulayman
6369:Almohad family tree
5929:Caliphate of Córdoba
5741:11/12 December 1101
5738:29/30 December 1094
5571:Abu al-Mansur Nizar
5173:, the third wife of
5116:Grandson of Muhammad
5016:led his army toward
4478:Tughra of Mustafa IV
4177:Tughra of Mustafa II
3741:Tughra of Mehmed III
3612:Tughra of Suleiman I
3357:1455 – 7 April 1479
3060:Abu al-'Abbas Ahmad
2428:Abu Ja'far Abdallah
2126:Abu Mansur Muhammad
2042:Abu Mansur Muhammad
1765:Makhariq (concubine)
1704:Abu Ja'far Muhammad
1533:13/14 September 786
1496:24/25 September 813
1164:Ibrahim ibn al-Walid
1086:Son of Abd al-Malik
1053:Son of Abd al-Malik
341:Ummayyads in Córdoba
116:, Turkey (1517-1924)
10818:Islam-related lists
10779:Related templates:
9639:Caliphs of Damascus
9363:Lane-Poole, Stanley
9310:Blankinship, Kh. Y.
8631:; Randall Pouwels.
8117:sect of Islam. The
7993:Worldwide caliphate
7834:
7767:Worldwide caliphate
7743:Khalifatul Masih IV
7720:Mirza Masroor Ahmad
7607:Napoleone Bonaparte
7568:Indian subcontinent
5947:
5845:1 or 15 April 1154
5747:al-Mustansir Billah
5685:al-Mustansir Billah
5613:Abū ʿAlī al-Manṣūr
5195:Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf
5139:and his first wife
4888:Sharifian Caliphate
4874:as the new highest
4779:Tughra of Mehmed VI
4607:Tughra of Abdulaziz
4521:Tughra of Mahmud II
4435:Tughra of Selim III
4306:Tughra of Osman III
4220:Tughra of Ahmed III
4048:Tughra of Mehmed IV
3915:Tughra of Mustafa I
3827:Tughra of Mustafa I
3698:Tughra of Murad III
3330:Abu Al-Baqa Hamzah
3204:Abu Yahya Zakariya
3132:Abu Yahya Zakariya
2965:Abu al-Qasim Ahmad
2880:Abu Ahmad Abdallah
2755:Abu'l-ʿAbbās Ahmad
2510:Abū l-ʿAbbās Ahmad
2083:Abu al-Fadl Ja'far
1994:Abu al-Fadl Ja'far
1910:Abu'l-'Abbas Ahmad
1869:Abu’l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
1829:Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad
1662:February/March 822
1594:Maridah bint Shabib
1573:Abū Ishaq Muhammad
470:Reigned until (CE)
435:Sharifian Caliphate
10833:632 establishments
10504:Line of succession
9788:Caliphs of Córdoba
9505:Caliphal Dynasties
9474:Zetterstéen, K. V.
9452:Wellhausen, Julius
8281:Saïd Amir Arjomand
8062:Sharifate of Mecca
8037:Mouride#Leadership
7833:
7789:pledged allegiance
7708:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
7672:
7633:
7536:
7528:
7456:Yahya 'al'Mutasim'
7056:Abu Zakariya Yahya
7042:Abu Ibrahim Ishaq
6760:Abu Ali al-Hussein
6754:Abu Ibrahim Ismail
6330:Yahya 'al-Mutasim'
6294:Abu Ya'qub Yusuf I
6278:
6094:Hisham II al-Hakam
6018:Hisham II al-Hakam
5946:
5909:13 September 1171
5727:al-Musta'li Billah
5494:Abu Tahir Isma'il
5375:
5299:Name (and titles)
5296:Calligraphic/Coin
5267:Asma bint Abi Bakr
5206:Name (and titles)
5127:'Ali ibn Abi-Talib
5083:
5076:
5053:Relationship with
5038:Name (and titles)
5035:Calligraphic/Coin
4966:
4898:
4814:
4781:
4771:
4738:
4736:Tughra of Mehmed V
4728:
4695:
4685:
4652:
4642:
4628:Pertevniyal Sultan
4609:
4599:
4566:
4556:
4523:
4513:
4480:
4470:
4437:
4427:
4394:
4384:
4351:
4341:
4308:
4298:
4265:
4263:Tughra of Mahmud I
4255:
4222:
4212:
4179:
4169:
4136:
4134:Tughra of Ahmed II
4126:
4093:
4083:
4050:
4040:
4005:
3995:
3962:
3960:Tughra of Murad IV
3952:
3917:
3907:
3874:
3872:Tughra of Osman II
3864:
3829:
3819:
3786:
3776:
3743:
3733:
3700:
3690:
3657:
3655:Tughra of Selim II
3647:
3614:
3604:
3569:
3559:
3511:was just entitled
3279:Abu al-Fath Dawud
3035:Abu Ishaq Ibrahim
2798:Abu Nasr Muhammad
2652:Ashin Umm Muhammad
2582:Abu Jaʿfar Manṣūr
2211:Abu Ishaq Ibrahim
1951:Abu Muhammad ʿAlî
1401:Abu Muhammad Musa
1180:Son of Al-Walid I
1149:Son of Al-Walid I
1019:Great-grandson of
830:Son of Mu'awiya I
722:Umamah bint Zainab
672:
652:, and grandson of
604:
546:
494:
476:Relationship with
467:Reigned from (CE)
458:Calligraphic name
451:Rashidun Caliphate
431:Sharifate of Mecca
349:their own doctrine
318:Abbasid Revolution
239:Rashidun Caliphate
127:, Spain (929–1031)
102:Mansouria, Tunisia
86:, Turkey (744–750)
10828:Lists of monarchs
10800:
10799:
10794:
10793:
10437:
10436:
10319:
10318:
10295:al-Mutawakkil III
10285:al-Mutawakkil III
9907:
9906:
9798:Abd al-Rahman III
9778:Abd al-Rahman III
9579:
9578:
9491:978-90-04-08265-6
9443:978-0-7914-0072-2
9422:978-90-04-25686-6
9385:Madelung, Wilferd
9354:978-90-04-12756-2
9273:978-90-04-09796-4
9252:978-90-04-09419-2
9201:978-0-674-05097-6
9169:978-0-7486-2137-8
9145:978-90-04-09419-2
9096:978-0-88706-058-8
8907:Yusuf al-Qaradawi
8334:978-1-4008-8736-1
8198:The Seattle Times
7984:
7983:
7951:30 November 2022
7505:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7291:Abu Muhammad Said
7278:Muhammad al-Nasir
7059:Abu al-Hassan Ali
7026:Abu Zayd Muhammad
7020:Abu Ishaq Ibrahim
7010:Abu al-Ula Idris
6769:Abu Ishaq Ibrahim
6742:Abu al-Hassan Ali
6736:Abu Yaqub Yusuf I
6306:Muhammad al-Nasir
6239:
6238:
6229:Abd ar-Rahman III
6204:Abd ar-Rahman III
6179:Abd ar-Rahman III
6157:Abd ar-Rahman III
6132:Abd ar-Rahman III
6081:Abd ar-Rahman III
6056:Abd ar-Rahman III
6005:Abd-ar-Rahman III
5964:Abd-ar-Rahman III
5920:
5919:
5809:1074/5 or 1075/6
5775:11 December 1101
5699:29 December 1094
5622:13 February 1021
5435:Abd Allah al-Radi
5361:Fatimid Caliphate
5352:
5351:
5280:
5279:
5183:Umayyad Caliphate
5153:
5152:
4990:
4989:
4984:Salah Bani-Shahar
4845:
4844:
4650:Tughra of Murad V
4499:Sineperver Sultan
4003:Tughra of Ibrahim
3784:Tughra of Ahmed I
3567:Tughra of Selim I
3503:Ottoman Caliphate
3494:
3493:
3473:Al-Mutawakkil III
3425:Al-Mutawakkil III
3043:Muhammad, son of
2997:Abu 'Ali al-Hasan
2906:
2905:
2889:20 February 1258
2842:17 February 1192
2720:20 December 1170
2682:20 December 1170
2434:29 November 1031
2396:29 November 1031
1637:Umm Harun Qaratis
1616:Abu Ja'far Harun
1450:14 September 786
1410:14 September 786
1229:Abbasid Caliphate
1220:
1219:
976:22 September 717
797:Second cousin of
743:Umayyad Caliphate
734:
733:
577:Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz
575:(assassinated by
461:Name (in Arabic)
372:Al-Mutawakkil III
326:Abbasid Caliphate
307:Umayyad Caliphate
204:
203:
74:, Syria (661–744)
56:Major caliphates
10845:
10770:
10769:
10464:
10457:
10450:
10441:
10440:
10346:
10339:
10332:
10323:
10322:
10302:Ottoman conquest
10275:al-Mutawakkil II
9934:
9927:
9920:
9911:
9910:
9838:Abd al-Rahman IV
9758:Abd ar-Rahman II
9733:Emirs of Córdoba
9726:
9606:
9599:
9592:
9583:
9582:
9545:Rashidun Caliphs
9538:
9531:
9524:
9515:
9514:
9500:
9499:
9495:
9469:
9447:
9426:
9404:
9380:
9358:
9334:Heinrichs, W. P.
9301:
9277:
9256:
9228:Heinrichs, W. P.
9217:
9205:
9181:
9149:
9121:Heinrichs, W. P.
9100:
9076:
9048:
9042:
9036:
9035:
9028:
9022:
9021:
9020:. 29 March 2022.
9014:
9008:
9001:
8995:
8990:
8989:
8988:
8979:, archived from
8970:
8964:
8963:
8956:
8950:
8945:
8939:
8938:
8936:
8934:
8920:
8904:
8898:
8897:
8896:. 13 March 2015.
8886:
8880:
8879:
8877:
8875:
8864:
8858:
8857:
8855:
8854:
8839:
8833:
8832:
8821:
8815:
8814:
8809:
8808:
8794:
8788:
8787:
8785:
8784:
8774:
8768:
8767:
8761:
8760:
8746:
8740:
8739:
8718:
8712:
8711:
8693:
8687:
8668:
8662:
8661:
8643:
8637:
8636:
8629:Nehemia Levtzion
8625:
8619:
8610:
8604:
8595:
8589:
8580:
8574:
8565:
8559:
8553:
8547:
8541:
8535:
8529:
8523:
8517:
8511:
8505:
8499:
8493:
8487:
8478:
8472:
8466:
8460:
8459:
8457:
8455:
8425:
8419:
8410:
8404:
8395:
8389:
8380:
8374:
8365:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8354:
8306:
8300:
8278:
8272:
8271:
8269:
8268:
8253:
8247:
8240:
8234:
8233:
8231:
8230:
8215:
8209:
8208:
8206:
8205:
8190:
8184:
8183:
8177:
8168:
8162:
8161:
8159:
8158:
8143:
8126:
8111:
8105:
8087:
8081:
8078:
8047:History of Islam
7966:
7940:
7928:15 October 2022
7907:3 February 2022
7904:31 October 2019
7893:
7881:27 October 2019
7867:
7840:
7835:
7832:
7800:Elkhart, Indiana
7697:
7693:
7685:
7676:Khalīfatul Masīh
7623:Sokoto Caliphate
7544:Askia Mohammad I
7285:Abdallah al-Adil
6375:
6374:
6366:
6365:
6324:Abdallah al-Adil
6275:
6272:
6145:Abd ar-Rahman IV
5948:
5945:
5842:10 October 1149
5815:10 October 1149
5812:23 January 1132
5796:
5759:
5722:
5680:
5643:
5603:
5577:18 December 975
5561:
5549:al-Mansur Billah
5543:21 December 975
5524:
5489:al-Mansur Billah
5484:
5447:
5410:
5377:
5376:
5293:
5292:
5256:November 692 AD
5253:November 692 AD
5250:November 683 AD
5235:
5200:
5199:
5169:, the nephew of
5032:
5031:
4993:Other caliphates
4981:Ali bin Muhammad
4943:
4942:
4837:Hayranidil Kadın
4714:Tirimüjgan Kadın
4585:Bezmiâlem Sultan
4409:Son of Ahmed III
3531:
3530:
3507:The head of the
3463:Al-Mutawakkil II
3415:Al-Mutawakkil II
3373:Al-Mutawakkil II
2941:
2940:
2932:Mamluk Sultanate
2926:Mamluk Sultanate
2897:, Abbasid Caliph
2886:2 December 1242
2870:
2856:, Abbasid Caliph
2848:2 December 1242
2829:
2815:, Abbasid Caliph
2788:
2776:Sayyida Zumurrud
2772:, Abbasid Caliph
2745:
2731:, Abbasid Caliph
2704:
2690:, Abbasid Caliph
2663:
2649:, Abbasid Caliph
2622:
2608:, Abbasid Caliph
2577:Al-Rashid Billah
2563:, Abbasid Caliph
2527:, Abbasid Caliph
2500:
2459:
2445:, Abbasid Caliph
2418:
2404:, Abbasid prince
2377:
2363:, Abbasid Caliph
2333:
2319:, Abbasid Caliph
2289:
2275:, Abbasid Caliph
2245:
2231:, Abbasid Caliph
2201:
2187:, Abbasid Caliph
2179:23 December 940
2160:
2146:, Abbasid Caliph
2116:
2102:, Abbasid Caliph
2073:
2059:, Abbasid Caliph
2032:
2016:, Abbasid Caliph
1984:
1968:, Abbasid Caliph
1941:
1900:
1886:, Abbasid Caliph
1859:
1845:, Abbasid Caliph
1819:
1803:, Abbasid Caliph
1776:
1762:, Abbasid prince
1735:
1721:, Abbasid Caliph
1713:7 or 8 June 862
1694:
1682:Umm Ja'far Shuja
1678:, Abbasid Caliph
1649:
1633:, Abbasid Caliph
1606:
1590:, Abbasid Caliph
1563:
1547:, Abbasid Caliph
1520:
1504:, Abbasid Caliph
1477:
1461:, Abbasid Caliph
1434:
1418:, Abbasid Caliph
1391:
1375:, Abbasid Caliph
1348:
1306:
1266:
1233:
1232:
1190:
1171:744 (few weeks)
1159:
1145:3/4 October 744
1129:
1119:Son of Yazid II
1099:
1066:
1046:10 February 720
1033:
993:
960:
946:23 February 715
930:
920:Son of Marwan I
900:
870:
840:
826:11 November 683
810:
777:
747:
746:
687:
686:
627:11 November 644
619:
618:
561:
560:
509:
508:
455:
454:
382:until after the
361:Mamluk Sultanate
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
252:
251:الخلفاء الراشدون
243:Rashidun caliphs
225:
98:, Iraq (836–892)
45:Amir al-Mu'minin
33:
27:
26:
18:
17:
10853:
10852:
10848:
10847:
10846:
10844:
10843:
10842:
10803:
10802:
10801:
10796:
10795:
10790:
10756:
10550:Süleyman Çelebi
10508:
10480:
10468:
10438:
10433:
10355:
10353:Fatimid Caliphs
10350:
10320:
10315:
10308:
10245:al-Mutawakkil I
10230:al-Mutawakkil I
10220:al-Mutawakkil I
10190:al-Mustansir II
10182:
10170:
10164:Mongol conquest
9983:Harun al-Rashid
9955:
9943:
9941:Abbasid Caliphs
9938:
9908:
9903:
9892:
9871:Abd al-Rahman V
9790:
9782:
9743:Abd al-Rahman I
9735:
9727:
9718:
9641:
9633:
9615:
9613:Umayyad dynasty
9610:
9580:
9575:
9547:
9542:
9507:
9492:
9444:
9423:
9401:
9355:
9326:Bosworth, C. E.
9298:
9297:978-0-306814808
9274:
9253:
9220:Bosworth, C. E.
9202:
9186:Donner, Fred M.
9170:
9146:
9113:Bosworth, C. E.
9097:
9081:Bosworth, C. E.
9073:
9057:
9052:
9051:
9043:
9039:
9030:
9029:
9025:
9016:
9015:
9011:
9002:
8998:
8986:
8984:
8971:
8967:
8958:
8957:
8953:
8946:
8942:
8932:
8930:
8905:
8901:
8888:
8887:
8883:
8873:
8871:
8866:
8865:
8861:
8852:
8850:
8848:The Independent
8840:
8836:
8829:www.alislam.org
8823:
8822:
8818:
8806:
8804:
8796:
8795:
8791:
8782:
8780:
8776:
8775:
8771:
8758:
8756:
8748:
8747:
8743:
8719:
8715:
8708:
8694:
8690:
8669:
8665:
8658:
8644:
8640:
8626:
8622:
8611:
8607:
8598:Lane-Poole 2004
8596:
8592:
8581:
8577:
8568:Lane-Poole 2004
8566:
8562:
8554:
8550:
8542:
8538:
8530:
8526:
8518:
8514:
8506:
8502:
8494:
8490:
8479:
8475:
8467:
8463:
8453:
8451:
8449:
8426:
8422:
8411:
8407:
8398:Lane-Poole 2004
8396:
8392:
8381:
8377:
8366:
8362:
8352:
8350:
8335:
8327:. p. 397.
8307:
8303:
8289:Iranian Studies
8279:
8275:
8266:
8264:
8255:
8254:
8250:
8241:
8237:
8228:
8226:
8216:
8212:
8203:
8201:
8192:
8191:
8187:
8175:
8169:
8165:
8156:
8154:
8144:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8129:
8112:
8108:
8088:
8084:
8079:
8075:
8070:
8008:Shaykh al-Islām
7989:
7769:
7763:
7664:
7658:
7646:Usman dan Fodio
7625:
7619:
7576:Alauddin Khalji
7556:
7520:
7512:Main articles:
7510:
7494:
7487:
7474:
7458:
7338:
7319:
7306:
7287:
7280:
7062:Abu Yusuf Yaqub
7043:
7032:
7011:
7006:
6757:Abu Said Uthman
6738:
6486:
6273:
6250:
6244:
6167:Abd ar-Rahman V
5976:Emir of Córdoba
5931:
5925:
5778:7 October 1130
5619:14 October 996
5580:13 October 996
5415:al-Mahdi Billah
5367:
5359:Main articles:
5357:
5330:
5291:
5285:
5242:
5164:
5158:
5099:
5093:
5090:
5026:Hasan abdicated
5006:
5000:
4995:
4971:Hussein bin Ali
4914:Sharif of Mecca
4902:Hussein bin Ali
4890:
4884:
4818:
4542:Nakşidil Sultan
4456:Mihrişah Sultan
4327:Şehsuvar Sultan
3509:Ottoman dynasty
3505:
3499:
3388:Al-Mutawakkil I
3363:Al-Mutawakkil I
3339:Al-Mutawakkil I
3315:Al-Mutawakkil I
3288:Al-Mutawakkil I
3261:Al-Mutawakkil I
3223:Al-Mutawakkil I
3151:Al-Mutawakkil I
3103:Al-Mutawakkil I
2936:Ayyubid dynasty
2928:
2922:
2804:5 October 1225
2764:4 October 1225
2595:
2588:29 August 1135
2555:29 August 1135
2549:April/May 1092
2513:April/May 1078
2486:Abbasid prince,
2393:1 November 991
2311:12 October 974
2132:31 October 932
2093:
2007:
1878:15 October 892
1754:866 (executed)
1670:(assassinated)
1669:
1668:11 December 861
1588:Harun ar-Rashid
1545:Harun ar-Rashid
1502:Harun ar-Rashid
1282:25 January 750
1231:
1225:
1207:
1175:
1112:6 February 743
1082:6 February 743
1079:26 January 724
1049:26 January 724
1003:2 November 682
860:Son of Yazid I
745:
739:
699:
685:علي بن أبي طالب
680:
631:
612:
574:
564:
554:
512:
502:
453:
445:Main articles:
443:
390:in 1922 by the
384:First World War
347:, who followed
322:Abbasid dynasty
303:Umayyad dynasty
266:
263:
260:
257:
232:Islamic history
22:
12:
11:
5:
10851:
10841:
10840:
10835:
10830:
10825:
10820:
10815:
10798:
10797:
10792:
10791:
10789:
10788:
10786:Valide sultans
10783:
10776:
10775:
10761:
10758:
10757:
10755:
10754:
10749:
10744:
10739:
10737:Abdul Hamid II
10734:
10729:
10724:
10719:
10714:
10709:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10639:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10619:
10614:
10609:
10604:
10597:
10592:
10587:
10582:
10577:
10572:
10569:Mustafa Çelebi
10565:
10560:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10513:
10510:
10509:
10507:
10506:
10501:
10496:
10491:
10485:
10482:
10481:
10467:
10466:
10459:
10452:
10444:
10435:
10434:
10432:
10431:
10426:
10421:
10416:
10411:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10360:
10357:
10356:
10349:
10348:
10341:
10334:
10326:
10317:
10316:
10313:
10310:
10309:
10307:
10306:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10262:
10260:al-Mustakfi II
10257:
10255:al-Mu'tadid II
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10227:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10207:
10202:
10197:
10192:
10186:
10184:
10172:
10171:
10169:
10168:
10159:
10154:
10152:al-Mustansir I
10149:
10144:
10139:
10134:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10057:
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10022:
10017:
10012:
10007:
10002:
9997:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9959:
9957:
9945:
9944:
9937:
9936:
9929:
9922:
9914:
9905:
9904:
9897:
9894:
9893:
9891:
9890:
9885:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9861:
9854:
9847:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9800:
9794:
9792:
9784:
9783:
9781:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9739:
9737:
9729:
9728:
9721:
9719:
9717:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9691:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9645:
9643:
9635:
9634:
9632:
9631:
9626:
9620:
9617:
9616:
9609:
9608:
9601:
9594:
9586:
9577:
9576:
9574:
9573:
9568:
9563:
9558:
9552:
9549:
9548:
9541:
9540:
9533:
9526:
9518:
9512:
9509:
9508:
9497:
9496:
9490:
9470:
9448:
9442:
9427:
9421:
9405:
9399:
9381:
9359:
9353:
9330:van Donzel, E.
9318:Bearman, P. J.
9302:
9296:
9278:
9272:
9257:
9251:
9224:van Donzel, E.
9206:
9200:
9182:
9168:
9150:
9144:
9117:van Donzel, E.
9105:Bosworth, C.E.
9101:
9095:
9083:, ed. (1987).
9077:
9072:978-1416567622
9071:
9056:
9053:
9050:
9049:
9037:
9023:
9009:
8996:
8965:
8951:
8940:
8899:
8881:
8859:
8834:
8816:
8789:
8769:
8741:
8713:
8707:978-8173914898
8706:
8688:
8663:
8656:
8638:
8620:
8605:
8590:
8575:
8560:
8548:
8536:
8534:, p. 265.
8524:
8512:
8510:, p. 317.
8500:
8498:, p. 166.
8488:
8473:
8469:As̜iroğlu 1992
8461:
8447:
8433:Lewis, Bernard
8420:
8405:
8390:
8375:
8360:
8333:
8301:
8273:
8248:
8235:
8210:
8185:
8163:
8137:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8128:
8127:
8125:on this topic.
8106:
8082:
8072:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8033:
8032:
8027:
8017:
8016:
8015:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7988:
7985:
7982:
7981:
7978:
7977:3 August 2023
7975:
7972:
7967:
7960:
7956:
7955:
7954:29 April 2023
7952:
7949:
7946:
7941:
7934:
7930:
7929:
7926:
7925:10 March 2022
7923:
7920:
7915:
7913:
7909:
7908:
7905:
7902:
7899:
7894:
7887:
7883:
7882:
7879:
7876:
7873:
7868:
7861:
7857:
7856:
7855:Reigned until
7853:
7850:
7849:Date of birth
7847:
7844:
7841:
7802:in support of
7762:
7759:
7660:Main article:
7657:
7654:
7621:Main article:
7618:
7615:
7611:British Empire
7555:
7552:
7548:Songhai Empire
7518:Songhai Empire
7509:
7506:
7503:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7496:
7489:
7482:
7480:
7478:
7476:
7469:
7466:
7463:
7460:
7452:
7451:
7449:
7447:
7445:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7433:
7431:
7429:
7427:
7425:
7423:
7421:
7419:
7417:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7373:
7371:
7369:
7367:
7365:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7349:
7346:
7343:
7340:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7321:
7314:
7312:
7310:
7308:
7301:
7298:
7295:
7292:
7289:
7282:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7269:
7267:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7259:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7251:
7249:
7247:
7245:
7243:
7241:
7239:
7237:
7235:
7233:
7231:
7229:
7227:
7225:
7223:
7221:
7219:
7217:
7215:
7213:
7211:
7209:
7207:
7205:
7203:
7201:
7199:
7197:
7195:
7193:
7191:
7189:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7167:
7165:
7163:
7161:
7159:
7157:
7155:
7153:
7151:
7149:
7147:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7139:
7137:
7135:
7133:
7131:
7129:
7127:
7125:
7123:
7121:
7119:
7117:
7115:
7113:
7111:
7109:
7107:
7105:
7103:
7101:
7099:
7097:
7095:
7093:
7091:
7089:
7087:
7085:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7066:
7063:
7060:
7057:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7047:
7045:
7040:
7038:
7036:
7034:
7027:
7024:
7021:
7018:
7015:
7008:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6993:
6991:
6989:
6987:
6985:
6983:
6981:
6979:
6977:
6975:
6973:
6971:
6969:
6967:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6951:
6949:
6947:
6945:
6943:
6941:
6939:
6937:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6923:
6921:
6919:
6917:
6915:
6913:
6911:
6909:
6907:
6905:
6903:
6901:
6899:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6889:
6887:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6879:
6877:
6875:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6849:
6847:
6845:
6843:
6841:
6839:
6837:
6835:
6833:
6831:
6829:
6827:
6825:
6823:
6821:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6807:
6805:
6803:
6801:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6793:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6776:
6775:Abu Imran Musa
6773:
6770:
6767:
6764:
6761:
6758:
6755:
6752:
6749:
6746:
6743:
6740:
6733:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6720:
6718:
6716:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6706:
6704:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6694:
6692:
6690:
6688:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6676:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6662:
6660:
6658:
6656:
6654:
6652:
6650:
6648:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6636:
6634:
6632:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6564:
6562:
6560:
6558:
6556:
6554:
6552:
6550:
6548:
6546:
6544:
6542:
6540:
6538:
6536:
6534:
6532:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6524:
6522:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6492:
6490:
6488:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6443:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6409:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6371:
6370:
6364:
6363:
6357:
6351:
6345:
6339:
6333:
6327:
6321:
6315:
6309:
6303:
6297:
6291:
6285:
6248:Almohad Empire
6246:Main article:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6231:
6223:
6220:
6212:
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6113:
6112:
6107:
6100:
6097:
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6064:
6063:
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6061:
6058:
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6047:
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6037:
6036:
6031:
6024:
6021:
6013:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6007:
6000:
5997:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5970:
5967:
5959:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5927:Main article:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5910:
5907:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5878:
5875:
5874:16 April 1154
5872:
5869:
5866:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5797:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5760:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5730:
5723:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5700:
5697:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5681:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5663:
5660:
5659:28 March 1021
5657:
5654:
5651:
5644:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5628:al-Aziz Billah
5623:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5604:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:al-Aziz Billah
5562:
5554:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5532:
5525:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5504:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5485:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5448:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5430:
5427:
5426:27 August 909
5424:
5421:
5418:
5411:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5395:Reigned until
5393:
5390:
5387:
5386:Personal name
5384:
5381:
5356:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5308:Reigned until
5306:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5287:Main article:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5264:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5236:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5215:Reigned until
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5160:Main article:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5135:, daughter of
5130:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5084:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5058:
5051:
5048:
5047:Reigned until
5045:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5010:Ali was killed
5002:Main article:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4977:
4974:
4967:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4886:Main article:
4883:
4880:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4834:
4829:
4826:
4819:
4815:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4789:
4782:
4772:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4757:Gülcemal Kadın
4754:
4749:
4746:
4739:
4729:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4703:
4700:Abdul Hamid II
4696:
4686:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4671:Şevkefza Kadın
4668:
4663:
4660:
4653:
4643:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4617:
4610:
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4590:
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4582:
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4567:
4557:
4547:
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4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4531:
4524:
4514:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4488:
4481:
4471:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4445:
4438:
4428:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4402:
4395:
4385:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4370:Mihrişah Kadın
4367:
4362:
4359:
4352:
4342:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4316:
4309:
4299:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4273:
4266:
4256:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4230:
4223:
4213:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4187:
4180:
4170:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4155:Muazzez Sultan
4152:
4147:
4144:
4137:
4127:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4101:
4094:
4084:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4058:
4051:
4041:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4016:
4013:
4006:
3996:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3970:
3963:
3953:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3928:
3925:
3918:
3908:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3893:Mahfiruz Hatun
3890:
3885:
3882:
3875:
3865:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3840:
3837:
3830:
3820:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3794:
3787:
3777:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3751:
3744:
3734:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3719:Nurbanu Sultan
3716:
3711:
3708:
3701:
3691:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3665:
3658:
3648:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3622:
3615:
3605:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3590:Gülbahar Hatun
3587:
3580:
3577:
3570:
3560:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3535:
3501:Main article:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3465:
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3452:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3396:
3395:
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3379:
3376:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:Al-Mustakfi II
3296:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:Al-Mu'tadid II
3269:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3232:
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3226:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3205:
3202:
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3136:
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3119:
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3039:
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3033:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2947:Personal name
2945:
2924:Main article:
2921:
2918:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2871:
2863:
2862:
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2860:
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2837:
2830:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2789:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2758:6 August 1158
2756:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2724:
2723:30 March 1180
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2705:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2683:
2680:
2679:12 March 1160
2677:
2674:
2671:
2664:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2642:
2641:12 March 1160
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2623:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2601:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2556:
2553:
2552:6 August 1118
2550:
2547:
2544:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2520:
2519:6 August 1118
2517:
2516:February 1094
2514:
2511:
2508:
2501:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2479:
2478:February 1094
2476:
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2470:
2467:
2460:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2438:
2435:
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2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2378:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2356:
2355:3 August 1003
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2312:
2309:
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2303:
2300:
2297:
2290:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2261:September 944
2259:
2256:
2253:
2246:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2232:
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2221:
2218:
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2202:
2194:
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2192:
2191:
2188:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2161:
2153:
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2151:
2150:
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2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2095:
2092:31 October 932
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2009:
2006:31 October 932
2004:
2001:
2000:13 August 908
1998:
1995:
1992:
1985:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1961:
1960:13 August 908
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1901:
1893:
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1665:10 August 847
1663:
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1650:
1642:
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1639:
1634:
1626:
1625:10 August 847
1623:
1622:5 January 842
1620:
1617:
1614:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1583:
1582:5 January 842
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1540:
1537:
1536:September 813
1534:
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1521:
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1307:
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1296:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1251:Reigned until
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:Personal name
1240:
1237:
1227:Main article:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1174:25 January 750
1172:
1169:
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1160:
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1080:
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1067:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1010:
1007:
1006:September 717
1004:
1001:
994:
986:
985:
977:
974:
971:
968:
961:
953:
952:
947:
944:
941:
938:
931:
923:
922:
917:
916:8 October 705
914:
911:
908:
901:
893:
892:
887:
884:
881:
878:
871:
863:
862:
857:
854:
851:
848:
841:
833:
832:
827:
824:
821:
818:
811:
803:
802:
794:
791:
788:
785:
778:
770:
769:
766:
763:
762:Reigned until
760:
757:
754:
751:
741:Main article:
738:
735:
732:
731:
726:
713:
706:Mosque of Kufa
698:29 January 661
696:
693:
690:
673:
663:
662:
657:
641:
628:
625:
622:
605:
595:
594:
589:
580:
573:3 November 644
571:
570:23 August 634
568:
565:
547:
537:
536:
531:
522:
521:22 August 634
519:
516:
513:
507:أبو بكر الصديق
495:
485:
484:
481:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
442:
439:
425:armies of the
380:House of Osman
202:
201:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
155:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
141:
140:
134:
128:
118:
117:
111:
105:
99:
93:
87:
81:
75:
69:
63:
54:
48:
47:
42:
36:
35:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10850:
10839:
10836:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10824:
10821:
10819:
10816:
10814:
10811:
10810:
10808:
10787:
10784:
10782:
10778:
10777:
10774:
10773:
10764:
10763:
10759:
10753:
10752:Abdulmejid II
10750:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10702:Abdul Hamid I
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10602:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10588:
10586:
10583:
10581:
10578:
10576:
10573:
10571:
10570:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10558:
10557:
10552:
10551:
10546:
10545:
10540:
10539:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10514:
10511:
10505:
10502:
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10497:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10487:
10486:
10483:
10479:
10475:
10472:
10465:
10460:
10458:
10453:
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10446:
10445:
10442:
10430:
10427:
10425:
10422:
10420:
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10415:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10405:
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10397:
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10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
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10347:
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10340:
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10328:
10327:
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10311:
10305:
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10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
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10268:
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10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
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10248:
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10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10215:al-Mu'tadid I
10213:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10201:
10200:al-Mustakfi I
10198:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10187:
10185:
10181:
10177:
10173:
10167:
10165:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10117:al-Mustarshid
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10062:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10015:al-Mutawakkil
10013:
10011:
10008:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9995:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
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9969:
9966:
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9958:
9954:
9950:
9946:
9942:
9935:
9930:
9928:
9923:
9921:
9916:
9915:
9912:
9901:
9895:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9883:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9866:
9862:
9860:
9859:
9855:
9853:
9852:
9848:
9846:
9845:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9795:
9793:
9789:
9785:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9740:
9738:
9734:
9730:
9725:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9647:
9646:
9644:
9640:
9636:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9621:
9618:
9614:
9607:
9602:
9600:
9595:
9593:
9588:
9587:
9584:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9553:
9550:
9546:
9539:
9534:
9532:
9527:
9525:
9520:
9519:
9516:
9510:
9506:
9501:
9493:
9487:
9483:
9479:
9475:
9471:
9467:
9463:
9459:
9458:
9453:
9449:
9445:
9439:
9435:
9434:
9428:
9424:
9418:
9414:
9413:
9406:
9402:
9400:0-521-56181-7
9396:
9392:
9391:
9386:
9382:
9378:
9374:
9370:
9369:
9364:
9360:
9356:
9350:
9346:
9342:
9340:
9335:
9331:
9327:
9323:
9322:Bianquis, Th.
9319:
9315:
9311:
9307:
9303:
9299:
9293:
9289:
9288:
9283:
9282:Kennedy, Hugh
9279:
9275:
9269:
9265:
9264:
9258:
9254:
9248:
9244:
9240:
9238:
9233:
9229:
9225:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9210:Hinds, Martin
9207:
9203:
9197:
9193:
9192:
9187:
9183:
9179:
9175:
9171:
9165:
9161:
9160:
9155:
9151:
9147:
9141:
9137:
9133:
9131:
9126:
9122:
9118:
9114:
9110:
9109:"Al-Muntasir"
9106:
9102:
9098:
9092:
9088:
9087:
9082:
9078:
9074:
9068:
9064:
9059:
9058:
9047:
9041:
9033:
9027:
9019:
9013:
9006:
9000:
8994:
8983:on 2018-05-10
8982:
8978:
8977:
8969:
8961:
8955:
8949:
8944:
8928:
8924:
8923:The Telegraph
8919:
8912:
8908:
8903:
8895:
8891:
8885:
8869:
8863:
8849:
8845:
8838:
8830:
8826:
8820:
8813:
8803:
8799:
8793:
8779:
8773:
8766:
8755:
8751:
8745:
8737:
8733:
8729:
8728:
8723:
8717:
8709:
8703:
8699:
8692:
8686:
8685:9788173915376
8682:
8679:
8675:
8674:
8667:
8659:
8657:9781136950360
8653:
8650:. Routledge.
8649:
8642:
8634:
8630:
8624:
8618:
8614:
8613:Bosworth 2004
8609:
8603:
8599:
8594:
8588:
8584:
8583:Bosworth 2004
8579:
8573:
8569:
8564:
8557:
8552:
8546:, p. 93.
8545:
8540:
8533:
8528:
8521:
8520:Madelung 1997
8516:
8509:
8508:Madelung 1997
8504:
8497:
8492:
8486:
8482:
8481:Bosworth 2004
8477:
8470:
8465:
8450:
8448:9780521223102
8444:
8440:
8439:
8434:
8430:
8424:
8418:
8414:
8413:Bosworth 2004
8409:
8403:
8399:
8394:
8388:
8384:
8379:
8373:
8369:
8368:Bosworth 2004
8364:
8348:
8344:
8340:
8336:
8330:
8326:
8322:
8318:
8314:
8313:
8305:
8298:
8294:
8290:
8286:
8282:
8277:
8262:
8258:
8252:
8245:
8239:
8225:
8221:
8214:
8199:
8195:
8189:
8181:
8174:
8167:
8153:
8149:
8146:Jazeera, Al.
8142:
8138:
8124:
8120:
8116:
8110:
8103:
8099:
8098:Mustafa Kemal
8095:
8094:head of state
8091:
8090:Abdulmejid II
8086:
8077:
8073:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8022:
8021:
8018:
8014:
8011:
8010:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7990:
7979:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7965:
7961:
7958:
7957:
7953:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7939:
7935:
7932:
7931:
7927:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7910:
7906:
7903:
7901:October 1976
7900:
7898:
7895:
7892:
7888:
7885:
7884:
7880:
7878:29 June 2014
7877:
7875:28 July 1971
7874:
7872:
7869:
7866:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7854:
7852:Reigned from
7851:
7848:
7845:
7842:
7837:
7836:
7831:
7827:
7825:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7809:
7805:
7801:
7797:
7792:
7790:
7785:
7782:
7778:
7774:
7773:Islamic State
7768:
7758:
7756:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7740:
7736:
7732:
7728:
7723:
7721:
7717:
7713:
7709:
7705:
7701:
7689:
7681:
7677:
7668:
7663:
7653:
7651:
7647:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7629:
7624:
7614:
7612:
7608:
7605:
7601:
7597:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7581:
7580:Mughal Empire
7577:
7573:
7569:
7565:
7561:
7551:
7549:
7545:
7541:
7532:
7524:
7519:
7515:
7498:
7493:
7486:
7473:
7457:
7453:
7450:
7444:
7442:
7436:
7434:
7428:
7426:
7420:
7418:
7412:
7411:
7404:
7398:
7382:
7358:
7353:
7351:
7337:
7318:
7305:
7286:
7279:
7275:
7272:
7266:
7264:
7258:
7256:
7250:
7248:
7246:
7240:
7238:
7232:
7230:
7224:
7222:
7216:
7214:
7208:
7206:
7200:
7198:
7192:
7190:
7184:
7183:
7176:
7158:
7156:
7142:
7130:
7114:
7078:
7073:
7071:
7031:
7014:
7005:
7001:
6998:
6992:
6990:
6984:
6982:
6976:
6974:
6968:
6966:
6960:
6958:
6956:
6944:
6942:
6936:
6934:
6928:
6926:
6920:
6918:
6912:
6910:
6904:
6902:
6896:
6894:
6893:
6886:
6880:
6878:
6854:
6852:
6838:
6796:
6794:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:Abu Hafs Umar
6737:
6730:
6727:
6721:
6719:
6713:
6711:
6705:
6703:
6697:
6695:
6689:
6687:
6681:
6679:
6673:
6671:
6665:
6663:
6657:
6655:
6649:
6647:
6641:
6639:
6633:
6631:
6625:
6623:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6607:
6535:
6533:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6485:
6484:Abd al-Mu'min
6469:
6467:
6419:
6417:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6368:
6367:
6361:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6349:
6346:
6343:
6340:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6328:
6325:
6322:
6319:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6295:
6292:
6289:
6288:Abd al-Mu'min
6286:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6267:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6249:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6218:
6214:
6213:
6207:
6205:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6189:
6188:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6163:
6158:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6146:
6142:
6141:
6135:
6133:
6129:
6128:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6090:
6084:
6082:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6065:
6059:
6057:
6053:
6052:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6040:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6015:
6014:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5938:and parts of
5937:
5930:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5906:23 July 1160
5905:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5877:22 July 1160
5873:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5847:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5832:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5737:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5724:
5721:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5696:13 June 1036
5695:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5682:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5662:13 June 1036
5658:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5649:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5637:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5540:19 March 953
5539:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5503:18 March 953
5499:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5405:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5394:
5392:Reigned from
5391:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5371:
5366:
5362:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:Talib al-Haqq
5325:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5305:Reigned from
5304:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5289:Talib al-Haqq
5276:
5273:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5212:Reigned from
5211:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5163:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5089:
5088:Hasan ibn Ali
5085:
5080:
5073:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5046:
5044:Reigned from
5043:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5005:
5004:Hasan ibn Ali
4983:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4968:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4922:Hasan ibn Ali
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4894:
4889:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4862:. After the
4861:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4823:Abdulmejid II
4820:
4816:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4800:Gülüstü Hanım
4798:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4783:
4777:
4773:
4768:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4691:
4687:
4682:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4644:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4605:
4601:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4558:
4553:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4540:
4538:Abdul Hamid I
4537:
4536:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4497:
4495:Abdul Hamid I
4494:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4476:
4472:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4429:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4399:Abdul Hamid I
4396:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4347:
4343:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4300:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4284:Saliha Sultan
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4257:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4241:Gülnuş Sultan
4239:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4214:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4198:Gülnuş Sultan
4196:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4171:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4069:Turhan Sultan
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3954:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3938:Halime Sultan
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3850:Halime Sultan
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3821:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3805:Handan Sultan
3803:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3762:Safiye Sultan
3760:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3676:Hürrem Sultan
3674:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3237:Al-Mu'tadid I
3235:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3165:Al-Mu'tadid I
3163:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3117:Al-Mu'tadid I
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3093:Al-Mustakfi I
3091:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3079:Al-Mu'tadid I
3076:
3075:
3070:
3069:Al-Mustakfi I
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3006:Al-Mustakfi I
3003:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2910:Amir al-umara
2899:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:11 July 1226
2844:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2807:11 July 1226
2803:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2761:2 March 1180
2760:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2637:
2635:9 March 1096
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2606:Al-Mustarshid
2604:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2541:Al-Mustarshid
2538:
2536:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2475:2 April 1075
2474:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2437:2 April 1075
2433:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2343:Abd al-Karīm
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2308:5 August 974
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2173:December 909
2172:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1884:Al-Mutawakkil
1882:
1881:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1801:Al-Mutawakkil
1799:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1719:Al-Mutawakkil
1717:
1716:
1715:
1709:
1707:November 837
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1654:Al-Mutawakkil
1651:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1579:9 August 833
1578:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1539:9 August 833
1535:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1453:24 March 809
1449:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1367:4 August 785
1363:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1248:Reigned from
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1142:17 April 744
1141:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1009:February 720
1005:
1002:
1000:
999:
995:
992:
988:
987:
984:
981:
978:
973:February 715
972:
969:
967:
966:
962:
959:
955:
954:
951:
948:
942:
939:
937:
936:
932:
929:
925:
924:
921:
918:
912:
909:
907:
906:
902:
899:
895:
894:
891:
888:
882:
879:
877:
876:
872:
869:
865:
864:
861:
858:
853:November 683
852:
849:
847:
846:
842:
839:
835:
834:
831:
828:
822:
819:
817:
816:
812:
809:
805:
804:
801:
800:
795:
789:
786:
784:
783:
779:
776:
772:
771:
767:
764:
761:
759:Reigned from
758:
755:
752:
749:
748:
744:
730:
727:
725:
723:
719:
714:
711:
707:
703:
694:
691:
688:
679:
678:
674:
669:
665:
664:
661:
658:
656:
655:
651:
647:
642:
639:
635:
626:
623:
620:
617:عثمان بن عفان
611:
610:
606:
601:
597:
596:
593:
590:
588:
586:
581:
578:
569:
566:
562:
559:عمر بن الخطاب
553:
552:
548:
543:
539:
538:
535:
532:
530:
528:
523:
517:
514:
510:
501:
500:
496:
491:
487:
486:
482:
479:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
456:
452:
448:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
400:was abolished
397:
396:Abdulmejid II
393:
389:
388:was abolished
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
335:
334:Isma'ili Shia
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
288:
287:Sunni Muslims
284:
280:
276:
272:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
224:
223:
217:
214:known as the
213:
212:Islamic state
209:
199:
195:
191:
188:
187:Abdulmejid II
185:
181:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
121:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
70:
67:
64:
61:
58:
57:
55:
53:
49:
46:
43:
41:
37:
32:
19:
16:
10765:
10722:Abdulmejid I
10599:
10567:
10554:
10548:
10542:
10536:
10399:al-Mustansir
10299:
10290:al-Mustamsik
10280:al-Mustamsik
10270:al-Mustanjid
10240:al-Musta'sim
10235:al-Wathiq II
10225:al-Musta'sim
10161:
10157:al-Musta'sim
10132:al-Mustanjid
10112:al-Mustazhir
10059:
9992:
9880:
9876:Muhammad III
9863:
9856:
9849:
9842:
9669:Abd al-Malik
9481:
9456:
9432:
9411:
9389:
9367:
9344:
9337:
9286:
9262:
9242:
9235:
9190:
9158:
9135:
9128:
9085:
9062:
9055:Bibliography
9040:
9026:
9012:
8999:
8992:
8985:, retrieved
8981:the original
8975:
8968:
8954:
8943:
8931:. Retrieved
8922:
8902:
8893:
8884:
8872:. Retrieved
8862:
8851:. Retrieved
8847:
8837:
8828:
8819:
8811:
8805:. Retrieved
8801:
8792:
8781:. Retrieved
8772:
8763:
8757:. Retrieved
8753:
8744:
8726:
8716:
8697:
8691:
8671:
8666:
8647:
8641:
8632:
8623:
8608:
8593:
8578:
8563:
8551:
8544:Marsham 2013
8539:
8527:
8515:
8503:
8491:
8476:
8464:
8452:. Retrieved
8437:
8429:Lambton, Ann
8423:
8408:
8393:
8378:
8363:
8351:. Retrieved
8311:
8304:
8276:
8265:. Retrieved
8263:. 2022-11-01
8261:TheCollector
8260:
8251:
8238:
8227:. Retrieved
8223:
8213:
8202:. Retrieved
8200:. 2014-07-01
8197:
8188:
8179:
8166:
8155:. Retrieved
8151:
8148:"The Caliph"
8141:
8109:
8085:
8076:
7828:
7812:
7796:Donald Trump
7793:
7786:
7770:
7739:Ordinance XX
7724:
7699:
7692:خلیفہ المسیح
7684:خليفة المسيح
7675:
7673:
7648:through the
7643:
7635:
7634:
7557:
7540:Bornu Empire
7537:
7514:Bornu Empire
7012:
6766:Abu Musa Isa
6255:North Africa
6252:
6251:
6215:
6192:Muhammad III
6191:
6165:
6143:
6118:
6092:
6067:
6043:
6016:
5992:
5962:
5933:
5932:
5894:
5861:
5830:
5800:
5762:
5726:
5683:
5646:
5606:
5564:
5527:
5487:
5463:4 March 934
5451:
5429:4 March 934
5414:
5383:Regnal name
5326:
5247:May, 624 AD
5238:
5181:against the
5165:
5100:
5094:
5091:(حسن بن علي)
5086:
5007:
4969:
4899:
4870:founded the
4846:
4821:
4796:Abdulmejid I
4784:
4753:Abdulmejid I
4741:
4710:Abdulmejid I
4698:
4667:Abdulmejid I
4655:
4612:
4571:Abdulmejid I
4569:
4526:
4483:
4440:
4397:
4354:
4311:
4268:
4225:
4182:
4139:
4096:
4053:
4026:Kösem Sultan
4009:
3981:Kösem Sultan
3965:
3920:
3877:
3832:
3789:
3746:
3703:
3660:
3633:Hafsa Sultan
3618:
3572:
3512:
3506:
3487:Al-Mustamsik
3471:
3454:Abu as-Sabr
3449:Al-Mustamsik
3447:
3439:Al-Mustamsik
3423:
3406:Abu as-Sabr
3401:Al-Mustamsik
3399:
3392:Haj al-Malik
3371:
3349:Al-Mustanjid
3348:
3324:
3299:
3272:
3246:
3221:
3199:Al-Musta'sim
3198:
3175:Al-Wathiq II
3173:
3149:
3127:Al-Musta’sim
3126:
3101:
3077:
3053:
3028:
3005:
2983:
2960:Al-Mustansir
2959:
2944:Regnal name
2929:
2907:
2895:Al-Mustansir
2875:Al-Musta'sim
2873:
2834:Al-Mustansir
2833:
2791:
2748:
2729:Al-Mustanjid
2707:
2668:Al-Mustanjid
2666:
2647:Al-Mustazhir
2625:
2598:Hashshashins
2575:
2561:Al-Mustazhir
2539:
2505:Al-Mustazhir
2503:
2462:
2422:
2380:
2336:
2305:January 946
2292:
2264:January 946
2248:
2204:
2163:
2119:
2076:
2035:
1987:
1957:5 April 902
1944:
1919:5 April 902
1916:October 892
1903:
1875:21 June 870
1862:
1837:21 June 870
1822:
1779:
1738:
1697:
1652:
1609:
1576:October 796
1566:
1523:
1480:
1438:
1394:
1351:
1322:10 June 754
1309:
1285:10 June 754
1270:
1239:Regnal name
1214:
1211:
1206:6 August 750
1193:
1179:
1162:
1148:
1132:
1118:
1102:
1088:
1085:
1069:
1055:
1052:
1036:
1018:
1015:
1012:
996:
982:
979:
963:
949:
943:October 705
933:
919:
903:
889:
873:
859:
843:
829:
813:
796:
780:
715:
702:assassinated
695:20 June 656
682:
675:
643:
614:
607:
582:
556:
549:
524:
504:
497:
404:
365:
339:, the Sunni
315:
311:Muslim world
296:
236:
205:
183:Final holder
173:First holder
119:
15:
10697:Mustafa III
10667:Suleiman II
10556:Musa Çelebi
10538:Interregnum
10404:al-Musta'li
10250:al-Musta'in
10210:al-Hakim II
10205:al-Wathiq I
10183:(1261–1517)
10082:al-Mustakfi
10055:al-Muqtadir
10045:al-Mu'tadid
10040:al-Mu'tamid
10025:al-Musta'in
10020:al-Muntasir
10005:al-Mu'tasim
9813:Muhammad II
9803:Al-Hakam II
9699:Al-Walid II
9659:Mu'awiya II
9624:Family tree
9306:Lammens, H.
9241:Volume VII:
9232:Pellat, Ch.
9134:Volume VII:
9125:Pellat, Ch.
8496:Donner 2012
8417:pp. 239–240
8224:Daily Sabah
8057:Sunni Islam
7815:many states
7755:Fazl Mosque
7694:; English:
7638:West Africa
7596:Tipu Sultan
7560:South Asian
6390:Ali al-Kumi
6356:, 1248–1266
6338:, 1229–1232
6274: 1200
6105:Al-Hakam II
6044:Muhammad II
6029:Al-Hakam II
5994:Al-Hakam II
5784:al-Musta'li
5500:17 May 946
5466:17 May 946
5380:Image/Coin
5331:(طالب الحق)
5193:by general
5179:a rebellion
5148:Banu Hashim
5096:Ahl al-Bayt
4452:Mustafa III
4413:Şermi Kadın
4356:Mustafa III
4112:Aşub Sultan
4098:Suleiman II
3386:Ya'qub bin
3247:Al-Musta'in
3213:Al-Wathiq I
3189:Al-Wathiq I
3141:Al-Wathiq I
3055:Al-Hakim II
3030:Al-Wathiq I
2596:(killed by
2594:6 June 1138
2317:Al-Muqtadir
2250:Al-Mustakfi
2229:Al-Muqtadir
2185:Al-Muqtadir
2144:Al-Mu'tadid
2100:Al-Mu'tadid
2078:Al-Muqtadir
2057:Al-Mu'tadid
2014:Al-Mu'tadid
1989:Al-Muqtadir
1966:Al-Mu'tadid
1925:Al-Muwaffaq
1905:Al-Mu'tadid
1864:Al-Mu'tamid
1740:Al-Musta'in
1699:Al-Muntasir
1676:Al-Mu'tasim
1631:Al-Mu'tasim
1568:Al-Mu'tasim
1407:August 785
1176:(executed)
1104:Al-Walid II
845:Mu'awiya II
750:Image/Coin
729:Banu Hashim
710:First Fitna
660:Banu Ummaya
650:Umm Kulthum
638:First Fitna
630:20 June 656
518:8 June 632
437:to an end.
330:lip service
299:First Fitna
10807:Categories
10712:Mustafa IV
10677:Mustafa II
10627:Mehmed III
10612:Suleiman I
10601:Cem Sultan
10595:Bayezid II
10544:İsa Çelebi
10195:al-Hakim I
10137:al-Mustadi
10127:al-Muqtafi
10107:al-Muqtadi
10077:al-Muttaqi
10050:al-Muktafi
10035:al-Muhtadi
10030:al-Mu'tazz
9956:(749–1258)
9898:indicates
9888:Hisham III
9791:(929–1031)
9768:al-Mundhir
9763:Muhammad I
9753:Al-Hakam I
9674:Al-Walid I
9649:Mu'awiya I
9343:Volume XI:
8987:2018-05-12
8853:2014-07-04
8807:2018-09-08
8783:2018-09-03
8759:2018-09-03
8532:Hinds 1993
8267:2023-04-06
8229:2023-04-06
8204:2023-04-06
8157:2023-04-06
8133:References
8102:figurehead
8052:Shia Islam
7808:Mike Pence
7804:Mike Braun
7650:Fulani War
7600:caliphates
7564:caliphates
7044:'al-Tahir'
6282:Ibn Tumart
6222:1027–1031
6217:Hisham III
6197:1023–1024
6172:1022–1023
6150:1021–1022
6125:1013–1016
6099:1010–1013
6074:1009–1010
5101:Al-Mujtaba
4853:secularism
4485:Mustafa IV
4323:Mustafa II
4280:Mustafa II
4184:Mustafa II
3933:Mehmed III
3845:Mehmed III
3801:Mehmed III
3748:Mehmed III
3672:Suleiman I
3619:Suleiman I
3585:Bayezid II
3523:conquering
3457:1516–1517
3433:1508–1516
3409:1497–1508
3333:1451–1455
3282:1414–1441
3265:Bay Khatun
3207:1386–1389
3159:1377–1383
3111:1362–1377
3087:1352–1362
3063:1341–1352
3045:Al-Hakim I
3020:Al-Hakim I
2984:Al-Hakim I
2770:Al-Mustadi
2709:Al-Mustadi
2688:Al-Muqtafi
2627:Al-Muqtafi
2525:Al-Muqtadi
2464:Al-Muqtadi
2273:Al-Muktafi
2206:Al-Muttaqi
1946:Al-Muktafi
1824:Al-Muhtadi
1781:Al-Mu'tazz
1493:March 809
935:Al-Walid I
886:7 May 685
782:Mu'awiya I
648:and later
583:Father of
525:Father of
464:Born (CE)
366:After the
168:8 June 632
10747:Mehmed VI
10727:Abdulaziz
10717:Mahmud II
10707:Selim III
10692:Osman III
10682:Ahmed III
10662:Mehmed IV
10647:Mustafa I
10637:Mustafa I
10622:Murad III
10590:Mehmed II
10580:Mehmed II
10532:Bayezid I
10379:al-Mu'izz
10374:al-Mansur
10122:al-Rashid
10010:al-Wathiq
10000:al-Ma'mun
9968:al-Mansur
9963:al-Saffah
9823:Hisham II
9808:Hisham II
9736:(756–929)
9714:Marwan II
9704:Yazid III
9642:(661–750)
9466:752790641
9188:(2012) .
9156:(2004) .
8343:468351969
8297:Routledge
8115:Ahmadiyya
7592:Hyder Ali
7584:Aurangzeb
7326:Abu Ishaq
7017:Abu Yahya
6362:1266–1269
6350:1242–1248
6344:1232–1242
6332:1227–1229
6326:1224–1227
6314:1213–1224
6308:1199–1213
6302:1184–1199
6296:1163–1184
6290:1130–1163
6284:1121–1130
6023:976–1009
5275:Banu Asad
4857:President
4833:Abdulaziz
4786:Mehmed VI
4624:Mahmud II
4614:Abdulaziz
4581:Mahmud II
4528:Mahmud II
4442:Selim III
4366:Ahmed III
4313:Osman III
4237:Mehmed IV
4227:Ahmed III
4194:Mehmed IV
4055:Mehmed IV
3922:Mustafa I
3834:Mustafa I
3758:Murad III
3705:Murad III
3478:Muhammad
3430:Muhammad
3084:Abu Bakr
2223:July 968
2094:(killed)
2008:(killed)
1843:Al-Wathiq
1611:Al-Wathiq
1525:Al-Ma'mun
1487:Muhammad
1439:Al-Rashid
1373:Al-Mansur
1311:Al-Mansur
1271:Al-Saffāḥ
1208:(killed)
1195:Marwan II
1134:Yazid III
534:Banu Taim
402:in 1924.
216:caliphate
193:Abolished
165:Formation
154:Precursor
146:Appointer
131:Marrakesh
104:(969-973)
52:Residence
10772:Category
10742:Mehmed V
10687:Mahmud I
10672:Ahmed II
10652:Murad IV
10642:Osman II
10617:Selim II
10585:Murad II
10575:Murad II
10563:Mehmed I
10424:al-Fa'iz
10419:al-Zafir
10414:al-Hafiz
10394:al-Zahir
10389:al-Hakim
10369:al-Qa'im
10364:al-Mahdi
10265:al-Qa'im
10147:al-Zahir
10142:al-Nasir
10102:al-Qa'im
10097:al-Qadir
10092:al-Ta'i'
10087:al-Muti'
10067:al-Qahir
9973:al-Mahdi
9902:usurpers
9900:Hammudid
9828:Sulayman
9818:Sulayman
9773:Abdullah
9748:Hisham I
9689:Yazid II
9679:Sulayman
9664:Marwan I
9556:Abu Bakr
9476:(1987).
9454:(1927).
9387:(1997).
9365:(1894).
9336:(eds.).
9312:(2002).
9284:(2006).
9234:(eds.).
9212:(1993).
9178:56639413
9127:(eds.).
9107:(1993).
8993:See 6:00
8927:Archived
8736:31870180
8454:14 March
8435:(1995).
8347:Archived
7987:See also
7980:Present
7974:Unknown
7948:Unknown
7922:Unknown
7731:Pakistan
7700:Khalifah
7588:Mysore's
7465:Zakariya
7348:Abu Zayd
7323:Abu Zayd
7300:Abu Said
7294:Abu Musa
6732:Muhammad
5999:961–976
5969:929–961
5957:Parents
5883:al-Zafir
5851:al-Hafiz
5509:al-Qa'im
5401:Parents
5314:Parents
5221:Parents
5175:Muhammad
5141:Khadijah
5137:Muhammad
5060:Parents
5055:Muhammad
5014:Mu'awiya
4955:Parents
4934:Ibn Saud
4743:Mehmed V
4270:Mahmud I
4141:Ahmed II
3967:Murad IV
3879:Osman II
3715:Selim II
3662:Selim II
3548:Parents
3325:Al-Qa'im
2974:Az-Zahir
2953:Parents
2854:Az-Zahir
2813:Al-Nasir
2793:Al-Zahir
2750:Al-Nasir
2443:Al-Qadir
2423:Al-Qa'im
2382:Al-Qadir
2338:Al-Ta'i'
2322:Mash'ala
2121:Al-Qahir
2037:Al-Qahir
1954:877/878
1913:854/861
1619:811–813
1459:Al-Mahdi
1447:763/766
1416:Al-Mahdi
1361:744/745
1353:Al-Mahdi
1336:Sallamah
1257:Parents
1038:Yazid II
880:623–626
875:Marwan I
592:Banu Adi
499:Abu Bakr
478:Muhammad
447:Rashidun
433:and the
419:Ibn Saud
411:Ibn Saud
345:Almohads
343:and the
337:Fatimids
271:Abu Bakr
228:Muhammad
177:Abu Bakr
158:Muhammad
114:Istanbul
72:Damascus
31:khalīfah
10813:Caliphs
10732:Murad V
10657:Ibrahim
10632:Ahmed I
10607:Selim I
10527:Murad I
10517:Osman I
10489:Dynasty
10478:caliphs
10474:sultans
10471:Ottoman
10429:al-Adid
10409:al-Amir
10384:al-Aziz
10176:Caliphs
10072:al-Radi
9988:al-Amin
9978:al-Hadi
9953:Baghdad
9949:Caliphs
9709:Ibrahim
9654:Yazid I
9377:1199708
9243:Mif–Naz
9136:Mif–Naz
8894:Reuters
8874:29 June
8471:, p. 13
8353:14 June
8299:, 1994.
7846:Caliph
7751:England
7716:Messiah
7590:rulers
7342:Abu Ali
7297:Ibrahim
7013:the Old
6136:Thabiya
6085:Thabiya
5940:Maghreb
5133:Fatimah
4926:Wahhabi
4876:Islamic
4657:Murad V
4151:Ibrahim
4108:Ibrahim
4065:Ibrahim
4021:Ahmed I
4010:Ibrahim
3977:Ahmed I
3889:Ahmed I
3791:Ahmed I
3629:Selim I
3574:Selim I
3519:Murad I
2714:Hassan
2361:Al-Muti
2294:Al-Muti
2165:Al-Radi
2105:Shaghab
2020:Shaghab
1659:Ja'far
1551:Marajil
1482:Al-Amin
1396:Al-Hadi
998:Umar II
815:Yazid I
718:Fatimah
646:Ruqayya
423:Wahhabi
376:Selim I
351:. When
292:Shiites
258:
125:Cordoba
96:Samarra
90:Baghdad
9694:Hisham
9566:Uthman
9488:
9464:
9440:
9419:
9397:
9375:
9351:
9332:&
9308:&
9294:
9270:
9249:
9230:&
9198:
9176:
9166:
9142:
9123:&
9093:
9069:
8933:6 July
8911:sharia
8734:
8704:
8683:
8654:
8485:p. 118
8445:
8402:p. 195
8341:
8331:
8293:London
7843:Image
7747:London
7735:Rabwah
7727:Qadian
7680:Arabic
7586:, and
7572:sharia
6259:Iberia
6009:Murjan
5954:Reign
5513:Karima
5311:Death
5302:Birth
5218:Death
5209:Birth
5177:, led
5050:Death
5041:Birth
5008:After
4952:Reign
4946:Image
4930:Salafi
4866:, the
3545:Reign
3538:Tughra
3534:Image
3526:Edirne
3514:Sultan
3180:'Umar
2950:Reign
2914:Sultan
2734:Ghadha
2693:Thawus
2611:Khushf
2566:Lubaba
2149:Fitnah
2062:Fitnah
1889:Fityan
1807:Qabiha
1745:Ahmad
1444:Harun
799:Uthman
708:; see
636:; see
609:Uthman
483:House
427:Ikhwan
279:Uthman
247:Arabic
208:caliph
198:Turkey
137:Sokoto
84:Harran
60:Medina
25:خَليفة
21:Caliph
10522:Orhan
10180:Cairo
9629:Media
9316:. In
9218:. In
9111:. In
8617:p. 39
8602:p. 47
8587:p. 11
8572:p. 21
8176:(PDF)
8119:Sunni
8068:Notes
7781:ruled
7712:Mahdi
6233:'Ateb
6208:Hawra
6183:Ghala
6060:Muzna
6049:1009
5984:Muzna
5951:Name
5936:Spain
5903:1151
5871:1149
5839:1133
5772:1096
5735:1074
5710:Rasad
5693:1029
5656:1005
5398:Died
5389:Born
5318:House
5225:House
5203:Coin
5191:siege
5187:Mecca
5171:Aisha
5064:House
4949:Name
4910:Hejaz
3542:Name
3481:1517
3292:Kazal
3135:1377
2900:Hajir
2883:1213
2859:Zahra
2801:1176
2717:1142
2676:1124
2638:1136
2591:1136
2585:1109
2472:1056
2431:1001
2407:Dimna
2190:Zalum
1972:Jijak
1930:Dirar
1254:Died
1245:Born
1236:Coin
765:Died
756:Born
753:Name
585:Hafsa
527:Aisha
473:Died
357:Cairo
222:Ummah
108:Cairo
78:Mecca
40:Style
9684:Umar
9561:Umar
9486:ISBN
9462:OCLC
9438:ISBN
9417:ISBN
9395:ISBN
9373:OCLC
9349:ISBN
9292:ISBN
9268:ISBN
9247:ISBN
9196:ISBN
9174:OCLC
9164:ISBN
9140:ISBN
9091:ISBN
9067:ISBN
8935:2014
8876:2014
8732:OCLC
8702:ISBN
8681:ISBN
8652:ISBN
8456:2015
8443:ISBN
8387:p. 3
8372:p. 7
8355:2024
8339:OCLC
8329:ISBN
8319:and
8182:: 1.
8003:Emir
7998:Shah
7714:and
7688:Urdu
7674:The
7594:and
7516:and
7495:(10)
7488:(11)
7462:Musa
7339:(13)
7320:(12)
6320:1224
6257:and
6110:Subh
6034:Subh
5616:985
5574:955
5537:931
5497:914
5460:893
5423:874
5363:and
5344:749
5341:748
5338:745
5335:709
5111:670
5105:624
5018:Kufa
4928:and
4912:and
4906:King
2912:and
2818:Asma
2390:947
2352:991
2349:974
2346:932
2302:914
2258:905
2220:944
2217:940
2214:908
2176:934
2138:950
2135:934
2129:899
2089:929
2086:895
2051:950
2048:929
2045:899
2003:929
1997:895
1872:842
1834:869
1795:869
1792:866
1789:847
1751:862
1748:836
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