Baghdad - Knowledge

3038:(CPA) began the process of creating new functions for these. The process initially focused on the election of neighborhood councils in the official neighborhoods, elected by neighborhood caucuses. The CPA convened a series of meetings in each neighborhood to explain local government, to describe the caucus election process and to encourage participants to spread the word and bring friends, relatives and neighbors to subsequent meetings. Each neighborhood process ultimately ended with a final meeting where candidates for the new neighborhood councils identified themselves and asked their neighbors to vote for them. Once all 88 (later increased to 89) neighborhood councils were in place, each neighborhood council elected representatives from among their members to serve on one of the city's nine district councils. The number of neighborhood representatives on a district council is based upon the neighborhood's population. The next step was to have each of the nine district councils elect representatives from their membership to serve on the 37 member Baghdad City Council. This three tier system of local government connected the people of Baghdad to the central government through their representatives from the neighborhood, through the district, and up to the city council. The same process was used to provide representative councils for the other communities in Baghdad Province outside of the city itself. There, local councils were elected from 20 neighborhoods (Nahia) and these councils elected representatives from their members to serve on six district councils (Qada). As within the city, the district councils then elected representatives from among their members to serve on the 35 member Baghdad Regional Council. The first step in the establishment of the system of local government for Baghdad Province was the election of the Baghdad Provincial Council. As before, the representatives to the Provincial Council were elected by their peers from the lower councils in numbers proportional to the population of the districts they represent. The 41 member Provincial Council took office in February 2004 and served until national elections held in January 2005, when a new Provincial Council was elected. This system of 127 separate councils may seem overly cumbersome; however, Baghdad Province is home to approximately seven million people. At the lowest level, the neighborhood councils, each council represents an average of 75,000 people. The nine District Advisory Councils (DAC) are as follows: 89: 1066: 1366: 4413: 4427: 4281: 1200: 80: 3301: 3633: 9967: 129: 3738: 3647: 1017: 3661: 3288: 3902:

more than 148 kilometres, 64 metro stations, four workshops and depots for trains, several operations control centers (OCC) and seven main power stations (MPS) with a capacity of 250 mega-watts, and several Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) towers. The metro will be equipped with CCTV and internet as well as USB ports for charging. Special compartments will be allocated for women and children as well as seats for people with special needs, pregnant women, and the elderly. The metro stations will be connected to other public transport networks such as buses and taxis, and 10 parking spaces will be available for commuters. The planned operating speed will be 80–140 km/hour with an estimated 3.25 million riders per day.

3746: 280: 1936: 1921: 581: 3694: 2114: 1062:. Mansur believed that Baghdad was the perfect city to be the capital of the Islamic Empire under the Abbasids. The Muslim historian al-Tabari reported an ancient prediction by Christian monks that a lord named Miklas would one day build a spectacular city around the area of Baghdad. When al-Mansur heard the story, he became very joyful, for legend has it, he was called Miklas as a child. Mansur loved the site so much he is quoted saying: "This is indeed the city that I am to found, where I am to live, and where my descendants will reign afterward". 2299:), featuring extremely hot, prolonged, dry summers and mild to cool, slightly wet, short winters. In the summer, from June through August, the average maximum temperature is as high as 44 °C (111 °F) and accompanied by sunshine. Rainfall has been recorded on fewer than half a dozen occasions at this time of year and has never exceeded 1 mm (0.04 in). Even at night, temperatures in summer are seldom below 24 °C (75 °F). Baghdad's record highest temperature of 51.8 °C (125.2 °F) was reached on 28 July 2020. The 2269: 247: 1713: 4075: 4054: 664: 1556: 100: 1951: 88: 3619: 1088:) and Askar al-Mahdi (on the West Bank). Al-Mansur also planned out al-Karkh district so that he could separate the markets from the Round City in order to keep the turbulent populace away from the Round City to ensure that the gates would not be open at night for markets. Over time, the markets became diverse and a home to merchants and craftsmen. Officials with the title of “Muhtasib” were hired to look after markets to prevent cheating and check the weighs and measures of stocks. 214: 3034:. Municipally, the governorate is divided into 9 municipalities, which have responsibility for local issues. Regional services, however, are coordinated and carried out by a mayor who oversees the municipalities. The governorate council is responsible for the governorate-wide policy. These official subdivisions of the city served as administrative centers for the delivery of municipal services but until 2003 had no political function. Beginning in April 2003, the U.S. controlled 69: 4042: 4469: 3675: 4640: 1263: 186: 1760: 4455: 1188: 176: 9832: 3706: 109: 1111: 4441: 10318: 4627: 120: 4062: 4673: 4653: 1981: 1515:

Greek scientific literature, the Abbasids were the first to foster Greek learning on a large scale. Many of these libraries were private collections intended only for the use of the owners and their immediate friends, but the libraries of the caliphs and other officials soon took on a public or a semi-public character. Four great libraries were established in Baghdad during this period. The earliest was that of the famous

10396: 4483: 1567: 1501: 1323:, a waterside building, in which only the caliph could come riding on horseback. In addition, the palace was near other mansions and officer's residences. Near the Gate of Syria, a building served as the home for the guards. It was made of brick and marble. The palace governor lived in the latter part of the building and the commander of the guards in the front. In 813, after the death of caliph 802: 3016: 287: 254: 221: 812: 1084:, and it had an abundance of water in a dry climate. Water exists on both the north and south ends of the city, allowing all households to have a plentiful supply, which was quite uncommon during this time. The city of Baghdad quickly became so large that it had to be divided into three judicial districts: Madinat al-Mansur (the Round City), al-Sharqiyya ( 1145:. It took four years to build (764–768). Mansur assembled engineers, surveyors, and art constructionists from around the world to come together and draw up plans for the city. Over 100,000 construction workers came to survey the plans; many were distributed salaries to start the building of the city. July was chosen as the starting time because two 3522:. At the beginning of the 21st century, some 1.5 million people migrated to Baghdad. Sunni Muslims make up 29–34% of Iraq's population and they are still a majority in west and north Iraq. As early as 2003, about 20 percent of the population of the city was the result of mixed marriages between Shi'ites and Sunnis. Following the 2153:, which marked overthrew of his regime. Also in 2003, a minor riot in the city, which took place on 21 July caused some disturbance in the population. Remaining Jews of the city also fled during the war. The historic Jewish neighborhoods of Al–Turat Al–Bataween lost its glory. The historic "Assyrian Quarter" of the city — 4304:, Abbasid-era palace and bridges, Ottoman-era mosques to the Mustansariyah Madrasa. The square developed during the Ottoman era as a military barracks. Today, it is a place where the citizens of Baghdad find leisure such as reading poetry in gazebos. It is characterized by the iconic clock tower which was donated by 1215:

residential and commercial structures along the inside of the city walls, but the final construction added another ring inside the first. Within the city there were many parks, gardens, villas, and promenades. There was a large sanitation department, many fountains and public baths, and unlike contemporary

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Annual rainfall, almost entirely confined to the period from November through March, averages approximately 150 mm (5.91 in), but has been as high as 338 mm (13.31 in) and as low as 37 mm (1.46 in). On 11 January 2008, light snow fell across Baghdad for the first time in

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Among the notable features of Baghdad during this period were its exceptional libraries. Many of the Abbasid caliphs were patrons of learning and enjoyed collecting both ancient and contemporary literature. Although some of the princes of the previous Umayyad dynasty had begun to gather and translate

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is a public open space in Baghdad and the location of two of the best-known hotels, the Palestine Hotel and the Sheraton Ishtar, which are both also the tallest buildings in Baghdad. The square was the site of the statue of Saddam Hussein that was pulled down by U.S.-led coalition forces in a widely

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Baghdad was a hectic city during the day and had many attractions at night. There were cabarets and taverns, halls for backgammon and chess, live plays, concerts, and acrobats. On street corners, storytellers engaged crowds with tales such as those later told in Arabian Nights. Storytelling became a

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have also been made. A plan was proposed by a Government agency to rebuild a tourist island in 2008. Investors were sought to develop a "romantic island" on the River Tigris that was once a popular honeymoon spot for newlyweds. The project would include a six-star hotel, spa, an 18-hole golf course

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in 991 or 993 for the literary men and scholars who frequented his academy. This second library was plundered and burned by the Seljuks only seventy years after it was established. This was a good example of the sort of library built up out of the needs and interests of a literary society. The last

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pointed in the directions of these destinations. The distance between these gates was a little less than 2.4 km (1.5 mi). Each gate had double doors that were made of iron; the doors were so heavy it took several men to open and close them. The wall itself was about 44 m thick at the

4268:. However, now it is generally considered by Iraqis to be for all of the martyrs of Iraq, especially those allied with Iran and Syria fighting ISIS, not just of the Iran–Iraq War. The monument was opened in 1983, and was designed by the Iraqi architect Saman Kamal and the Iraqi sculptor and artist 3901:

As of February 2024, the current plan consist of fully electric and automated (driverless) trains running on an extensive railway network consisting of an underground railway portion as well as an elevated railway. The proposed Baghdad Metro system includes seven main lines with a total length of

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operates regional headquarters in the city. Subsequently, the city have produced a wide variety of consumer and industrial goods, including processed foods and beverages, tobacco, textiles, clothes, leather goods, wood products, furniture, paper and printed material, bricks and cement, chemicals,

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Baghdad accounts for 22.2% of Iraq's population and 40% of the country's gross domestic product (PPP). Most of the economic contribution of Iraq geographically is from Baghdad. During the Islamic Golden Age, Baghdad emerged as a leading center of trade and commerce. In the early Ba'athist period,

4181:("Freedom Radio") broadcast news and entertainment within Baghdad, among other locations. There is also a private radio station called "Dijlah" (named after the Arabic word for the Tigris River) that was created in 2004 as Iraq's first independent talk radio station. Radio Dijlah offices, in the 3733:

which is well established for bookselling and has often been referred to as the heart and soul of the Baghdad literary and intellectual community. The annual International Book Fair in Baghdad is well known to the international publishing world as a promising publishing event in the region after

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Prior to the 2003 invasion by the United States, Baghdad was home to tiny Jewish community of 450. It started declining since 1940s, following establishment of Israel. The Jews of Baghdad faced restrictions until 1980s, when Saddam took power and granted freedom and protection to them. The Iraqi

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system were also destroyed. During this time, in Baghdad, Christians and Shia were tolerated, while Sunnis were treated as enemies. The sack of Baghdad put an end to the Abbasid Caliphate. It has been argued that this marked an end to the Islamic Golden Age and served a blow from which Islamic

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The basic framework of the city consists of two large semicircles about 19 km (12 mi) in diameter. The inner city connecting them was designed as a circle about 2 km (1.2 mi) in diameter, leading it to be known as the "Round City". The original design shows a single ring of

1463:, and people from other ethnic and religious groups native to the region. These are considered among the fundamental elements that contributed to the flourishing of scholarship in the Medieval Islamic world. Baghdad was also a significant center of Islamic religious learning, with 3889:

The Baghdad Metro project was first proposed during the 1970s but did not come into fruition due to wars and sanctions. After the Iraq war, Iraqi authorities intended to revive the project, but it was again delayed due to domestic instability. In 2019, it was reported that Korean

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whose collection of artifacts was looted during the 2003 US invasion, and the iconic Hands of Victory arches. Multiple Iraqi parties are in discussions as to whether the arches should remain as historical monuments or be dismantled. Thousands of ancient manuscripts in the

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is one of the most significant landmarks in Baghdad. Located in al-Rusafa area, the street was an artistic, intellectual and cultural center for many Baghdadis. It also included many prominent theaters and nightclubs such as the Crescent Theatre where Egyptian Singer

2077:, members of the royal family, and others were brutally killed during the coup. Many of the victim's bodies were then dragged through the streets of Baghdad. During the 1970s, Baghdad experienced a period of prosperity and growth because of a sharp increase in the 8740: 1183:

was the counter of the bricks and he developed a canal, which brought water to the work site for both human consumption and the manufacture of the bricks. Marble was also used to make buildings throughout the city, and marble steps led down to the river's edge.

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The name Baghdad is pre-Islamic, and its origin is disputed. The site where the city of Baghdad developed has been populated for millennia. Archaeological evidence shows that the site of Baghdad was occupied by various peoples long before the Arab conquest of

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is a government funded symphony orchestra in Baghdad. The INSO plays primarily classical European music, as well as original compositions based on Iraqi and Arab instruments and music. Baghdad is also home to a number of museums which housed

2318:. From December through February, Baghdad has maximum temperatures averaging 16 to 19 °C (61 to 66 °F), though highs above 21 °C (70 °F) are not unheard of. Lows below freezing occur a couple of times per year on average. 1223:. These baths increased public hygiene and served as a way for the religious to perform ablutions as prescribed by Islam. Moreover, entry fees were usually so low that almost everyone could afford them. In the center of the city lay the 4232:. Within eight days following the 2003 invasion, however, only 35 of the 650 animals in the facility survived. This was a result of theft of some animals for human food, and starvation of caged animals that had no food. Conservationist 1809:

In 1401, Baghdad was again sacked, by Timur. When his forces took Baghdad, he spared almost no one, and ordered that each of his soldiers bring back two severed human heads. Baghdad became a provincial capital controlled by the Mongol

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is located near the old quarter of Baghdad; at Al-Rasheed Street. It is the historic center of Baghdadi book-selling, a street filled with bookstores and outdoor book stalls. It was named after the 10th-century classical Iraqi poet

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The Golden Gate Palace, the residence of the caliph and his family, was in the heart of Baghdad, in the central square. In the central part of the building, there was a green dome that was 39m high. Surrounding the palace was an

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Baghdad became a bustling metropolitan city in the Middle East and the Arab world. The Baghdad Stock Exchange (BSE) was opened in 1992 under the government of Saddam Hussein, to facilitate financial activities of the country.

1239:, built 500 years before Baghdad, is nearly identical in its general circular design, radiating avenues, and the government buildings and temples at the center of the city. This style of urban planning contrasted with Ancient 8934: 4412: 1430:

or the "House of Wisdom" was among the most well known academies, and had the largest selection of books in the world by the middle of the 9th century. Notable scholars based in Baghdad during this time include translator

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including modern sewerage, water, and highway facilities were built during this period. The masterplans of the city (1967, 1973) were delivered by the Polish planning office Miastoprojekt-Kraków, mediated by Polservice.

1709:(sermon) was delivered in the name of the Fatimid Imam-Caliph. Despite his Shi'i inclinations, Al-Basasiri received support from Sunnis and Shi'is alike, for whom opposition to the Saljuq power was a common factor. 9679:

Mina Marefat, Caecilia Pieri, Gilles Ragot, Le Corbusier's Gymnasium in Bagdad, 2014, Éditions du patrimoine, collection Regards (French and English versions), Presses de l'Ifpo (Arabic version) (ISBN 2757703013).

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The population of Hira comprised its townspeople, the 'Ibad "devotees", who were Nestorian Christians using Syriac as their liturgical and cultural language, though Arabic was probably the language of daily

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During this period, the substantial Jewish community (probably exceeding 100,000 people) comprised between a quarter and a third of the city's population. On 1 April 1941, members of the "Golden Square" and

7938: 2050:, Israel was behind bombing of Jewish targets in Baghdad. However, by the 1970s, Jewish community was granted protection. The city's population grew from an estimated 145,000 in 1900 to 580,000 in 1950. 1365: 5071:

the site located between present-day Al-Kāẓimiyyah and Al-Karkh and occupied by a Persian village called Baghdad, was selected by al-Manṣūr, the second caliph of the Abbāsid dynasty, for his capital.

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in Baghdad. The airport was opened in 1982 by Saddam Hussein as Saddam International Airport. It was renamed when it came under control of the coalition forces during the country's invasion in 2003.

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also present. There are many religious centers distributed around the city including mosques, churches, synagogues and Mashkhannas cultic huts. Masjid Al-Kadhimain is a shrine that is located in the

1227:, as well as headquarters for guards. The purpose or use of the remaining space in the center is unknown. The circular design of the city was a direct reflection of the traditional Persian Sasanian 7160: 3801:

efforts have been devoted to the restoration and repair of badly damaged urban infrastructure. More visible efforts at reconstruction through private development, like architect and urban designer

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is the main square where public celebrations are held and is also the home to three important monuments commemorating Iraqi's fallen soldiers and victories in war; namely Al-Shaheed Monument, the

3821:, proposed in August 2008, was installed at the Al-Zawraa Park in March 2011. In May 2010, a new large scale residential and commercial project called Baghdad Gate was announced. In August 2010, 3721:, but in recent years Baghdad has become a main tourist destination although it is still facing challenges. There are numerous historic, scientific and artistic museums in Baghdad which include, 2046:, over 180 Jews were killed, 1,000 injured and hundreds of Jewish properties were ransacked. Between 300 and 400 non-Jewish rioters were killed in the attempt to quell the violence. According to 4530:, which was opened in 1966. In recent years, the capital has seen the building of several football stadiums which are meant be opened in near future. The city has also had a strong tradition of 3814:

and a country club. In addition, the go-ahead has been given to build numerous architecturally unique skyscrapers along the Tigris that would develop the city's financial center in Kadhehemiah.

8718: 1303:. This wall was surrounded by another wall with a thickness of 50 m. The second wall had towers and rounded merlons, which surrounded the towers. This outer wall was protected by a solid 760:. During this period, Baghdad had one of the highest rates of terrorist attacks in the world. However, terrorist attacks have gradually been on the decline since the territorial defeat of the 4426: 4385:

sang during her visit in 1932 as well as the Chakmakji Company that recorded the music of various Arab singers. The street also contains famous and well-known landmarks including the ancient

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Joneidi, F. (2007). متن‌های پهلوی. In Pahlavi Script and Language (Arsacid and Sassanid) نامه پهلوانی: آموزش خط و زبان پهلوی اشکانی و ساسانی (second ed., p. 109). Tehran: Balkh (نشر بلخ).

3632: 3386: 795:. They suggested various meanings, the most common of which was "bestowed by God". Modern scholars generally tend to favor this etymology, which views the word as a Persian compound of 1091:

Baghdad eclipsed Ctesiphon, the capital of the Sassanians, which was located some 30 km (19 mi) to the southeast. Today, all that remains of Ctesiphon is the shrine town of

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Caecilia Pieri, Bagdad, la construction d'une capitale moderne, 1914–1960, Presses de l'Ifpo, 2015, 440 pages, about 800 illustrations (ISBN 978-2-35159-399-8) (ISSN 2225-7578).

11824: 5084: 4941: 3401: 8133: 9880: 775:. Ethnically, Baghdad is a diverse city, with Arabic-speaking Sunni Muslims as a majority, while Assyrians, Armenians and Jews are a minority, making the city cosmopolitan. 3396: 9476: 8931:

Arrêté du 22 novembre 1990 complétant l'arrêté du 23 août 1990 fixant la liste des établissements d'enseignement prévue à l'article 1er du décret no 90-469 du 31 mai 1990

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By the 10th century, the city's population was between 1.2 million and 2 million. Baghdad's early meteoric growth eventually slowed due to troubles within the

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Christophe Wall-Romana has suggested that al-Mansur's choice to found his "new city" at Baghdad because of its strategic location was the same criteria which influenced

7530:"Baghdad Climate Guide to the Average Weather & Temperatures, with Graphs Elucidating Sunshine and Rainfall Data & Information about Wind Speeds & Humidity" 10987: 8310: 3817:

In late 2009, a construction plan was proposed to rebuild the heart of Baghdad, but the plan was never realized because corruption was involved in it. The Baghdad Eye

2003:, with several architectural and planning projects commissioned to reinforce this administration. After receiving independence in 1932, the city became capital of the 694:, and became its most notable major development project. Within a short time, the city evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center of the 729:, with a population variously estimated at 6 or over 7 million. Compared to its large population, it has a small area at just 673 square kilometers (260 sq mi). 9966: 2219:

was looted by Iraqi citizens during the 2003 US-led invasion. The Iraqi Film Archive was also bombed by the U.S. Air Force. Thousands of ancient manuscripts in the

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in the name of the Abbasid caliphs (they saw themselves as being part of the Abbasid regime). Tughril Beg saw himself as the protector of the Abbasid Caliphs.

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proper. This was the official name on coins, weights, and other official usage, although the common people continued to use the old name. By the 11th century,

7319: 5976: 8661: 5453: 79: 10613: 9015: 4460: 5131: 4218:. This street is well established for bookselling and has often been referred to as the heart and soul of the Baghdad literacy and intellectual community. 3925:. The project is predicated upon the scheme of design, build, finance, operation, maintenance and transfer, and is estimated to be completed in May 2029. 3646: 717:

in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centuries due to frequent plagues and multiple successive empires. With the recognition of

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and after Rashid Ali and his government had fled, the Mayor of Baghdad surrendered to British and Commonwealth forces. On 1–2 June, during the ensuing

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launched massive aerial assaults in the city in the war. After the invasion, the airport was renamed as Baghdad International Airport. Following the

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Baghdad was once one of the main destinations in the country and the region with a wealth of cultural attractions. Tourism has diminished since the

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As capital of Iraq, Baghdad is home to government offices and diplomatic missions. It is home to numerous landmarks, popular as tourist spots, such

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The city's growth was helped by its excellent location, based on at least two factors: it had control over strategic and trading routes along the

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limited the import of foreign films. As many as 30 movie theaters were reported to have been converted to live stages, producing a wide range of

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cities at the time, streets were frequently washed free of debris and trash. In fact, by the time of Harun al-Rashid, Baghdad had a few thousand

315: 9635: 9604: 9232: 5175: 10980: 10202: 8971:" (). National Education Center (国立教育会館) of Japan. 21 February 1999. Retrieved on 12 March 2016. "バクダッド休校中 " (means "Baghdad School Closed") 8771: 8557: 8492: 4538:, known to Baghdadis simply as 'Races'. There are reports of pressures by the Islamists to stop this tradition due to the associated gambling. 3737: 3381: 3010: 128: 7405: 2227:

as the first Arab city of the center of literary creativity. Baghdad attracted global media attention on 3 January 2020, when Iranian general

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For a time, Baghdad had been the largest city in the Middle East. The city saw relative revival in the latter part of the 18th century, under

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Tsimhoni, D. (2001). "The Pogrom (Farhud) against the Jews of Baghdad in 1941". In Roth, J. K.; Maxwell, E.; Levy, M.; Whitworth, W. (eds.).

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The nine districts are subdivided into 89 smaller neighborhoods which may make up sectors of any of the districts above. The following is a

9866: 9126: 8579: 7258:"UNESCO chooses Baghdad as the first Arab city for literary creativity - Union of News Agencies of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation" 6686: 6228: 3390: 3321: 4170:; many of these were stolen, and the museums looted, during the widespread chaos immediately after United States forces entered the city. 1675:

along with the 'Uqaylid Quraysh. Not long before the arrival of the Saljuqs in Baghdad, al-Basasiri petitioned to the Fatimid Imam-Caliph

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today differs from that of other large urban centers in Iraq, having features more characteristic of nomadic Arabic dialects (Versteegh,

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for the design stages of the new building. The construction was postponed in 2015 due to economical problems, but started again in 2019.

3810: 9799: 7772: 6770: 5787: 4887: 9302: 7615: 5197: 1778:, a breakaway state of the Mongol Empire, ruling from Iran. In August 1393, Baghdad was occupied by the Central Asian Turkic conqueror 9753: 10973: 6423: 6395: 4806: 4725:

Estimates of total population differ substantially. The CIA World Factbook estimated the 2020 population of Baghdad at 7,144,000 The

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Beeston, A.F.L.; Shahîd, Irfan (2012). "al-ḤĪRA". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

4755: 4118:). It is possible that this was caused by the repopulating of the city with rural residents after the multiple sackings of the late 10606: 8204: 3344: 1739:. Many quarters were ruined by fire, siege, or looting. The Mongols massacred most of the city's inhabitants, including the caliph 1547:, the second last Abbasid caliph, who died in 1242. This would prove to be the last great library built by the caliphs of Baghdad. 675: 9337: 8951: 7382: 3580:("Two who swallow their anger") was bestowed. Many Shi'ites travel to the mosque from far away places to commemorate those imams. 11010: 10954: 9061: 7916: 7724: 3806: 2275: 1876: 1327:, the palace was no longer used as the home for the caliph and his family. The roundness points to the fact that it was based on 9762: 9087: 8916: 1903: 11777: 9468: 6300: 4154: 279: 6595: 12544: 12175: 9732: 9692: 9537: 9202: 9037: 8087: 7161:"In Iraq, respect for the Jews Baghdad: A tiny minority that has seen good days and bad is treated well under Saddam Hussein" 7055: 6986: 6959: 6903: 6820: 6787: 6680: 6623: 6497: 6448: 6367: 6342: 6195: 6110: 6043: 6014: 5939: 5896: 5723: 5696: 5663: 5577: 5429: 5335: 5296: 5245: 5207: 5102: 4730: 4006: 2134: 1849: 1176:. Leo is associated with fire and symbolizes productivity, pride, and expansion and Leo's connection symbolically to Mithra. 702:, as well as a multi-ethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". 9387:"الحيدر خانة تتكسر معالمه ووزارة الثقافة تعلّق بإحباط على إعمار محتضن قادة ثورة العشرين! » وكالة بغداد اليوم الاخبارية" 9257: 6928: 5341: 5302: 1879:, it returned to Iranian rule before falling back into Ottoman hands. Baghdad has suffered severely from visitations of the 1585:(during 808–819 and 836–892), the loss of the western and easternmost provinces, and periods of political domination by the 1247:

urban planning, in which cities are designed as squares or rectangles with streets intersecting each other at right angles.

12549: 12123: 11449: 9814: 8985: 7529: 7257: 4315: 4300:. Qushla and its surroundings is where the historical features and cultural capitals of Baghdad are concentrated, from the 3829:, was appointed to design a new headquarters for the Central Bank in Baghdad. Initial talks about the project were held in 4236:

and some of the zoo keepers cared for the animals and fed the carnivores with donkeys they had bought locally. Eventually

10599: 9889: 4255: 3535: 1935: 709:, Baghdad was the largest city in the world. Its population peaked at more than one million people. The city was largely 392: 8968: 7507: 4145:, but efforts are underway to restore the theater. The live theater industry received a boost during the 1990s, when UN 1679:

to support him in conquering Baghdad on the Ismaili Imam's behalf. It has recently come to light that the famed Fatimid

1536:, who was vizier of two early Seljuk sultans. It continued to operate even after the coming of the Mongols in 1258. The 1339:, a Zoroastrian who also determined that the date of the foundation of the city would be astrologically auspicious, and 11998: 10195: 9629:, by Louisa Jebb (Mrs. Roland Wilkins), 1908 (1909 ed) (a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; 8833: 8684: 8053: 7231: 5457: 4174: 3527: 3287: 1920: 1861: 1843: 1443:. Although Arabic was used as the international language of science, the scholarship involved not only Arabs, but also 5058: 4865: 1016: 10475: 9809: 6504: 4200: 4158: 4046: 3905:

In July 2024, it was announced that an international consortium of French, Spanish, and Turkish companies as well as

2220: 628: 588: 8801: 4969: 12168: 10349: 9626: 9587: 9361:"أم كلثوم ونجيب الريحاني وبديعة مصابني قدموا أبرز أعمالهم على مسارحه.. جولة في شارع الرشيد في بغداد في ذكرى تأسيسه" 8465: 7311: 5973: 4851: 4354:. It contains historic homes, which were once homes of Jews. The houses of some of the well-known figures such as 4244:

in Iraq after the invasion, ordered protection for the zoo and enlisted U.S. engineers to help reopen the facility.

4068: 2232: 2192: 2146: 1480: 749: 246: 9785: 8653: 5027:

Duri, A.A. (2012). "Bag̲h̲dād". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

2293: 1685:, al-Mu'ayyad al-Shirazi, had a direct role in supporting al-Basasiri and helped the general to succeed in taking 12534: 11864: 8654:"Obama ad attacks McCain for Baghdad Ferris wheel project being built on land leased by a Democratic Party donor" 8526: 4241: 3523: 3035: 2138: 1648: 9412: 9007: 7445: 2106:

launched a number of missile attacks against Baghdad in retaliation for Iraqi Army's continuous bombardments of

11205: 8806: 8388: 8111: 5127: 4701: 4001: 2000: 1644: 1436: 757: 722: 12108: 9745: 8028: 7342: 6746: 6058:

The 'Ibad are tribes made up of different Arabian families that became connected with Christianity in al-Hira.

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is the largest university in Iraq and the second largest in the Arab world. Prior to the Gulf War, multiple

3865:

are the primary means of transportation in the city. Roads in Baghdad are noted to be especially congested.

3745: 2223:

were destroyed. The city also hosts various protests and rallies. In December 2015, Baghdad was selected by

1122:, Baghdad was one of the largest cities, not including the damage it has received. The residents are mostly 12584: 12357: 12344: 12331: 12318: 12305: 12080: 9657: 5655: 5484: 4371: 4011: 3514:

Baghdad's population was estimated at 7.22 million in 2015. The city historically has a predominantly

2303:

is typically under 50% in summer due to Baghdad's distance from the marshy southern Iraq and the coasts of

2087: 1413: 771:, churches, synagogues, malls and hotels. The city serves as an important gateway hub to Iraq, through the 407: 10292: 7664: 2042:, Jewish residents were attacked following rumors they had aided the British. In what became known as the 2016: 12524: 11941: 9662: 9658:

Miastoprojekt goes abroad: the transfer of architectural labour from socialist Poland to Iraq (1958–1989)

4838: 3638: 3531: 3020: 2196: 1489: 753: 7048:

Architecture in global socialism : Eastern Europe, West Africa, and the Middle East in the Cold War

6639: 4346:

The Jewish Quarter of Baghdad is centered around the Al-Bataween and At-Turat districts, spread across

1950: 1487:. Several estimates suggest that the city contained over a million inhabitants at its peak. Many of the 12138: 11926: 11878: 11793: 6812: 6779: 4691: 4363: 3981: 3942: 3340: 1381: 768: 213: 8440: 8311:"TBI celebrating the opening of its Headquarter new building at Baghdad – Al Rasheed St. on Wednesday" 4036: 3530:, the population of Sunnis significantly decreased as they were pushed out of many neighborhoods. The 2161:

in 2003, made up over 3% of the capital's Assyrian population then. The community has been subject to

1497:, are set in Baghdad during this period. It would surpass even Constantinople in prosperity and size. 12529: 12143: 12060: 11916: 11859: 11286: 9893: 9824: 9642: 9611: 8549: 8484: 7281: 5171: 4264:, also known as the Martyr's Memorial, is a monument dedicated to the Iraqi soldiers who died in the 4016: 3762: 2126: 1799: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1131: 931: 791:

Arab authors, realizing the pre-Islamic origins of Baghdad's name, generally looked for its roots in

423: 8779: 7409: 4781: 3618: 3605: 1906:

in 1831. From 1851 to 1852 and from 1861 to 1867, Baghdad was governed, under the Ottoman Empire by

740:(1990–1991), Baghdad faced huge losses. The city has faced severe infrastructural damage due to the 12559: 11951: 11789: 10302: 8414: 4904: 4706: 4398: 4247: 3898:

would be commencing construction of the project. However, the planned construction did not happen.

2142: 347: 185: 20: 9725:

Architecture in Global Socialism: Eastern Europe, West Africa, and the Middle East in the Cold War

8006: 7801: 5152:

Guy Le Strange, "Baghdad During the Abbasid Caliphate from Contemporary Arabic and Persian", pg 10

1620:

of Shiites that had ruled for some time and took over power and control of Baghdad. They ruled as

1376:, established in 1227, was one of the oldest universities in the world. Its building survived the 12539: 12191: 12065: 11455: 10277: 7974: 7750: 7641: 7581: 7555: 4726: 4195: 4138: 4131: 2216: 1967: 1736: 1716: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1377: 710: 11802: 8587: 6895: 6220: 5912: 4454: 2322:

100 years. Snowfall was again reported on 11 February 2020, with accumulations across the city.

162: 12098: 12050: 11834: 9794: 7312:"Climatologie mensuelle en juillet 2020 à Baghdad | climatologie depuis 1900 – Infoclimat" 6613: 5489: 4899: 4696: 4468: 4163: 3798: 3565: 2200: 1899: 1570: 1544: 725:) in 1932, Baghdad gradually regained some of its former prominence as a significant center of 646: 470: 10395: 9827:

Reports, maps and assessments of Iraq from the UN Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit

9525: 9151: 7698: 6800: 6670: 5235: 3601: 3593: 3420:

Industry Street runs by the University of Technology – center of the computer trade in Baghdad

947:

Another view, suggested by Christophe Wall-Romana, is that name of "Baghdad" is derived from "

11567: 10094: 9595: 7776: 6767: 5791: 4367: 4142: 3976: 3950: 3946: 3938: 3850: 3718: 3680: 3585: 2212: 2208: 2130: 1537: 1370: 1295:

base and about 12 m thick at the top. Also, the wall was 30 m high, which included

1192: 976: 883:. There are a number of other locations whose names are compounds of the Middle Persian word 745: 496: 9294: 7856: 7611: 4440: 4276:'s government spent a lot of money on new monuments, which included the al-Shaheed Monument. 1907: 1887:, and sometimes two-thirds of its population has been wiped out. The city became part of an 1484: 1210:. It features 70 scenes from different periods using lifesize models presenting Baghdad life 12407: 12226: 11961: 11478: 10793: 10342: 10222: 10211: 9750: 6187: 6138: 5094: 4507: 4351: 4269: 4167: 3774: 3770: 3693: 3542: 3456: 3417:

Al-Khat al-Sare'a – Mohammed al-Qasim (high speed lane) – runs through Baghdad, north–south

3367: 3336: 1911: 1340: 1161: 1040:

rulers wanted their own capital from which they could rule. They chose a site north of the

824: 506: 359: 11921: 7023:"Assassination of Faisal II, King of Iraq, members of his family, and palace staff (1958)" 6417: 6391: 4802: 3597: 962:

founded a completely new city for his capital, he chose the name "City of Peace" (Arabic:

175: 8: 11974: 11903: 11883: 11785: 11561: 11314: 11006: 10372: 10297: 10287: 10262: 10242: 10232: 10054: 10004: 9858: 8614: 7347: 6519: 5917: 4759: 4386: 4312: 4261: 3909:

was awarded $ 17.5 billion to construct Baghdad's metro. The consortium includes Alstom,

3790: 3624: 3584:

Jewish population declined after the 2003–2011 war and the subsequent 2013–2017 war. The

3434: 3215: 1819: 1676: 1448: 1005: 364: 146: 6142: 4828: 2113: 1137:

In its early years, the city was known as a deliberate reminder of an expression in the

12461: 12348: 11893: 11854: 11665: 10865: 10378: 10272: 10267: 10247: 10119: 10079: 9941: 9329: 9194: 9187: 8947: 7374: 6888: 6525: 6292: 6164: 5548: 5540: 5400: 5392: 4933: 4833: 4146: 3996: 3991: 3802: 3766: 3538:

caused hundreds of thousands of Iraqi internally displaced people to flee to the city.

3519: 3182: 3078: 2315: 2289: 2255:". The land on which the city is built is almost entirely flat and low-lying, being of 2078: 2062: 2058: 1520: 1452: 1360: 1096: 999: 706: 150: 9065: 8182: 7908: 7720: 4913: 4397:. The Street is also notable for its architecture and aesthetic which was inspired by 4153:

and dramatic productions. Institutions offering cultural education in Baghdad include

11988: 11719: 11199: 10384: 10307: 10282: 10257: 10252: 10237: 10227: 10069: 9984: 9804: 9728: 9688: 9533: 9198: 9095: 8083: 7881: 7425: 7134: 7051: 6982: 6978: 6955: 6899: 6868: 6847:"The architecture of the British Mandate in Iraq: nation-building and state creation" 6816: 6783: 6676: 6619: 6493: 6444: 6373: 6363: 6338: 6334: 6284: 6276: 6201: 6191: 6156: 6106: 6079: 6049: 6039: 6010: 5935: 5892: 5719: 5692: 5659: 5648: 5583: 5573: 5552: 5532: 5435: 5425: 5404: 5384: 5331: 5292: 5251: 5241: 5203: 5098: 5036: 4925: 4917: 4610: 4595: 4580: 4565: 4557: 4515: 4377: 4325: 4265: 4065: 3782: 3714: 3666: 3428: 3325: 3207: 2942: 2895: 2847: 2091: 1559: 1344: 1169: 1037: 1033: 919: 904: 788:

in 637 CE, and several ancient empires had capitals located in the surrounding area.

733: 691: 10317: 9708:: The Arabian Diaries, 1913–1914." by Bell Gertrude Lowthian, and O'Brien, Rosemary. 8338:"Iraqi Central Bank Ordered To Pay $ 13 Million In Row Over Unpaid Bills For New HQ" 7093: 6296: 6251: 6168: 4937: 4888:"Mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: a cross-sectional cluster sample survey" 4394: 4390: 3941:

was established in 1227 by the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustansir. The name was changed to

3600:) also known as the "Most Great House" (Bayt-i-Aʻzam) and the "House of God," where 1984: 12519: 12487: 11353: 11347: 10164: 10159: 10089: 9956: 9931: 9498: 9286: 6858: 6592: 6330: 6266: 6146: 6098: 6075: 6002: 5684: 5524: 5376: 5090: 5032: 4909: 4885: 4527: 4482: 4347: 4301: 4233: 4210: 4103: 4074: 3986: 3842: 3838: 3730: 3573: 3518:

population, but by the early 21st century around 52% of the city's population were

3509: 3372: 3306: 3245: 3230: 3172: 3067: 2024: 1880: 1432: 1291: 1283: 831: 599: 550: 9047: 6863: 6846: 4733:

states a population of 7,216,050; Mongabay gives a figure of 6,492,200 as of 2002.

4053: 3609: 1179:

The bricks used to make the city were 18 in (460 mm) on all four sides.

1055:

commissioned the construction of the city. It was built under the guidance of the

11649: 10725: 10671: 10575: 10514: 10335: 10129: 10099: 9989: 9946: 9836: 9789: 9757: 9261: 9254: 9239: 7942: 6922: 6807: 6774: 6753: 6730: 6599: 6508: 6485: 6427: 5980: 5713: 5325: 5282: 4973: 4869: 4474: 4432: 4293: 4225: 4107: 4086:, contributing several significant writers, musicians and visual artists. Famous 4028: 3934: 3726: 3652: 3489: 3485: 3440: 3250: 3225: 3110: 3083: 2248: 2228: 2204: 2158: 2074: 2035: 2031: 2004: 1971: 1941: 1892: 1839: 1740: 1582: 1555: 1426: 1267: 1232: 1203: 1173: 1154: 1104: 1073: 1056: 987: 939: 699: 658: 637: 532: 9720:"A memoir of Major-General Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson." by Rawlinson, George. 8981: 7533: 1712: 910:

Other authors have suggested older origins for the name, in particular the name

698:. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the 12397: 12040: 11781: 11572: 11210: 10758: 10104: 10014: 9591: 9088:"Gunmen storm independent radio station in latest attack against media in Iraq" 7747:"Leaders Highlight Successes of Baghdad Operation – DefendAmerica News Article" 6974: 6910:

Jews represented 2.5 percent of 'Iraq's population and 25 percent of Baghdad's.

6734: 4418: 4355: 4321: 4273: 4111: 4032: 3964: 3822: 3569: 3160: 3145: 2095: 2082: 1992: 1975: 1926: 1888: 1857: 1853: 1835: 1240: 1228: 1207: 1157: 792: 158: 99: 8080:"Baghdad: the House of Baháʼu'lláh" A concise encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith 7826: 6552:

The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, A Search for Salvation

6472:

Mackensen, Ruth Stellhorn . (1932). Four Great Libraries of Medieval Baghdad.

6377: 6036:

Early Islam – The hidden origins of Islam: new research into its early history

6006: 5255: 2247:

river. The Tigris splits Baghdad in half, with the eastern half being called "

1671:

under the Turkish general Abu'l-Ḥārith Arslān al-Basasiri, an adherent of the

12513: 11936: 11898: 11742: 11643: 10591: 10124: 10029: 10019: 9840: 9705: 9413:"الگاردينيا - مجلة ثقافية عامة - مقاهي بغداد ... ذاكرة المكان وملتقى الثقافة" 7503: 7232:"At least 32 killed as first suicide bombing in nearly 2 years rocks Baghdad" 7138: 7068: 6872: 6522:

International dictionary of historic places, Volume 4: Middle East and Africa

6280: 6250:

Falagas, Matthew E.; Zarkadoulia, Effie A.; Samonis, George (1 August 2006).

6160: 6053: 5536: 5388: 4921: 4886:

Gilbert Burnham; Riyadh Lafta; Shannon Doocy; Les Roberts (11 October 2006).

4501: 4488: 4339: 4091: 3906: 3891: 3884: 3868: 3773:

have established their headquarters in Baghdad. Multinational corporations —

3729:, Natural History Museum and several others. Baghdad is known for its famous 3481: 3477: 3202: 3155: 3150: 3115: 2729: 2154: 2150: 1803: 1787: 1617: 1533: 1328: 1236: 761: 714: 330: 317: 10410: 9845: 7638:"Zafaraniya Residents Get Water Project Update – DefendAmerica News Article" 7343:"Baghdad Soars to 125 Blistering Degrees, Its Highest Temperature on Record" 6205: 5587: 5439: 3375:– A street with numerous bookshops, named after the 10th century Iraqi poet 1099:

is believed to have been buried. Ctesiphon itself had replaced and absorbed

12246: 11979: 11681: 11387: 11050: 10996: 10924: 10534: 10495: 10064: 10044: 9008:"Baghdad celebrates selection as UNESCO City of Literature | Nermeen Mufti" 8158: 7001: 6612:

Bosworth, C.E.; Donzel, E. van; Heinrichs, W.P.; Pellat, Ch., eds. (1998).

6288: 5688: 5050: 4929: 4862: 4602: 4587: 4572: 4531: 4523: 4519: 4511: 4359: 4251: 4215: 4083: 4041: 3818: 3376: 3316: 3220: 2304: 2166: 2070: 2039: 2020: 1815: 1763: 1732: 1593: 1516: 1508: 1421: 1244: 1220: 1165: 1025: 948: 726: 695: 45: 12160: 10555: 8518: 7476:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Baghdad" 6501: 6271: 6102: 4987:"Twin Suicide Bombings In Baghdad Market Kill At Least 32, Wound Over 100" 2262:

origin due to the periodic large floods which have occurred on the river.

1468: 68: 12477: 12252: 12027: 11593: 11403: 11247: 11164: 11134: 11123: 10886: 10580: 10509: 10154: 10084: 10074: 9936: 9386: 9220:

The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Saddam Hussein's Iraq

9159: 8811: 6360:

The House of Wisdom : How the Arabs Transformed Western Civilization

5620: 5567: 5419: 4966: 4678: 4639: 4535: 4446: 4382: 4237: 4229: 4221: 4123: 4119: 4095: 3758: 3722: 3558: 3275: 3235: 3197: 3088: 2094:

of the 1980s was a difficult time for the city, as money was diverted by

1996: 1759: 1690: 1616:, the leader of the Seljuks, took over Baghdad. The Seljuks expelled the 1613: 1601: 1504: 1262: 1119: 848: 816: 785: 154: 8469: 6520:

Trudy Ring; Robert M. Salkin; K. A. Berney; Paul E. Schellinger (1996).

3612:". On 23 June 2013, the house was destroyed under unclear circumstances. 2311:

from the deserts to the west are a normal occurrence during the summer.

1187: 12447: 12003: 11736: 11522: 11420: 11341: 11225: 11094: 11083: 11072: 11061: 10741: 10736: 10693: 10623: 10570: 10529: 10524: 10180: 10149: 10114: 10109: 10059: 10009: 9994: 9782: 9777: 5280: 4402: 3826: 3705: 3270: 3255: 3240: 3140: 3125: 3051: 2308: 2256: 2162: 2099: 2054: 2047: 2012: 1752: 1609: 1405: 1252: 1180: 1127: 1092: 990:

choice to found the original city of Akkad in the exact same location.

492: 141: 49: 9469:"And they're off! Iraqi Kurdistan holds first cash-betting horse race" 8892:"Iraq's Ministry of Transport to include Baghdad Metro in 2023 budget" 7612:"DefenseLink News Article: Soldier Helps to Form Democracy in Baghdad" 6476:, Vol. 2, No. 3 (July 1932), pp. 279-299. University of Chicago Press. 6441:

The Caliph's Splendor: Islam and the West in the Golden Age of Baghdad

5572:. Aage Westenholz. Freiburg, Schweiz: Universitätsverlag. p. 32. 5544: 5512: 5424:. Aage Westenholz. Freiburg, Schweiz: Universitätsverlag. p. 31. 5396: 5364: 3604:

mostly resided from 1853 to 1863. It is considered a holy place and a

2181:

groups. As of the end of 2014, only 1,500 Assyrians remained in Dora.

12457: 12341: 12070: 12045: 11869: 11579: 11473: 11460: 11438: 11431: 11409: 11381: 11358: 11291: 11275: 11253: 11231: 11118: 10857: 10788: 10714: 10565: 10560: 10550: 10519: 10445: 10420: 10049: 10039: 10034: 9951: 9916: 9911: 9711:"Historic Cities of the Islamic World". by Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. 9687:(1st ed.). The American University in Cairo Press. p. 160. 8955: 8364:"FAB to open representative office in Iraq to expand Mena operations" 6151: 6126: 5288: 4686: 4644: 3786: 3589: 3554: 3260: 3130: 3105: 3072: 3062: 3042: 2178: 2137:

to Baghdad's transportation, power, and sanitary infrastructure. The

2066: 1811: 1775: 1664: 1578: 1529: 1472: 1417: 1409: 1332: 1320: 1308: 1300: 1146: 1138: 1059: 1052: 1045: 959: 487: 382: 8183:"Lebanon: Iraqi tourists provide unlikely boost for failing economy" 8103: 7094:"CIAO Case Study: Iraq and the Gulf War: Decision-Making in Baghdad" 4137:

Some of the important cultural institutions in the city include the

3794:

plastics, electrical equipment, and metal and nonmetallic products.

1483:

from shortly after its foundation until the 930s, when it tied with

1130:

where there is a cell and a mosque above it. The Sultan of Baghdad,

1110: 983:

became almost the exclusive name for the world-renowned metropolis.

12328: 12292: 12128: 12085: 12055: 12023: 12013: 11983: 11956: 11888: 11704: 11659: 11539: 11425: 11392: 11330: 11269: 11236: 11169: 11089: 11078: 11045: 10965: 10873: 10832: 10703: 10687: 10676: 10144: 10134: 8958:(West Germany). 23 June 1965. Retrieved on 12 March 2016. p. 35/51. 6707: 5528: 5380: 4305: 4292:

or Qishla is a public square and the historical complex located in

4178: 3830: 3778: 3546: 3265: 2300: 2259: 2189: 2185: 2174: 2122: 1868: 1795: 1672: 1668: 1589: 1464: 1444: 1440: 1401: 1393: 1389: 1336: 1150: 1142: 1100: 1041: 900: 896: 741: 737: 108: 9714:"Ottoman administration of Iraq, 1890–1908." by Cetinsaya, Gokhan. 8982:"Baghdad: The City in Verse, translated and edited by Reuven Snir" 8610:"Iraq plans giant Ferris wheel, hopes to lure tourists to Baghdad" 8286:"Mutanabbi Street: Iraqi artwork, London service, Global shipping" 7127:"The toppling of Saddam's statue: how the US military made a myth" 5446: 5284:

Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia

4185:

neighborhood of Baghdad, have been attacked on several occasions.

4061: 1980: 1699: 119: 12491: 12441: 12421: 12411: 12381: 12322: 12315: 12276: 12236: 12222: 12216: 12113: 11993: 11946: 11931: 11832: 11757: 11752: 11714: 11698: 11632: 11609: 11533: 11414: 11376: 11370: 11325: 11297: 11107: 11067: 10902: 10826: 10774: 10752: 10730: 10719: 10654: 10649: 10440: 10169: 10139: 9999: 9926: 9767: 3562: 3192: 3177: 3135: 3120: 3057: 3031: 1884: 1823: 1724: 1705: 1681: 1621: 1597: 1550: 1397: 1373: 1324: 1123: 951:", as the cuneiform logogram for Akkad (𒀀𒂵𒉈𒆠) is pronounced " 888: 843: 477: 11264: 9810:

UAE Investors Keen On Taking Part In Baghdad Renaissance Project

7289: 5327:

Political history of Post-Kassite Babylonia (1158-722 b. C.) (A)

12481: 12471: 12377: 12302: 12266: 12256: 12242: 12232: 12075: 12018: 11873: 11725: 11676: 11637: 11621: 11604: 11598: 11584: 11528: 11500: 11495: 11489: 11398: 11319: 11302: 11187: 11182: 11146: 11140: 11056: 10919: 10908: 10897: 10891: 10821: 10804: 10465: 10455: 10435: 10415: 10358: 10024: 9316: 9189:

Babylon's Ark; The Incredible Wartime Rescue of the Baghdad Zoo

8285: 8258:"Mutanabbi Street: An intellectual haven overcomes Iraq's pain" 8159:"Economy | Embassy of the Republic of Iraq in Washington, D.C." 6885: 6768:

The Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: a documentary economic history

6708:

Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Baghdad",

5281:

John Block Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg, eds. (4 July 2013).

5117:

Mackenzie, D. (1971). A concise Pahlavi Dictionary (p. 23, 16).

4657: 4328:

that is associated with the Sunni Imam Abu Hanifa. The name of

4309: 4297: 4289: 4204: 4150: 4099: 3910: 3895: 3846: 3834: 3493: 3165: 2244: 2224: 2107: 2043: 2028: 1995:

rule until 1917, when they were captured by the British during

1791: 1783: 1728: 1566: 1476: 1396:. The city flourished into an unrivaled intellectual center of 1304: 1296: 1224: 1216: 1168:, believed that the city should be built under the sign of the 1081: 1069: 1049: 892: 856: 687: 683: 8741:"Baghdad Investment: Creating (1824) housing units in Baghdad" 8054:"Reclaiming Iraq's Jewish Heritage | The Washington Institute" 5128:"BAGHDAD i. Before the Mongol Invasion – Encyclopædia Iranica" 1500: 801: 758:

substantial loss of cultural heritage and historical artifacts

12467: 12451: 12437: 12431: 12427: 12401: 12371: 12367: 12361: 12335: 12296: 12286: 12282: 12272: 12262: 12212: 12206: 12202: 12103: 12008: 11692: 11687: 11555: 11544: 11484: 11365: 11280: 11258: 11242: 11220: 11158: 11153: 11129: 11112: 10935: 10930: 10848: 10837: 10799: 10769: 10763: 10747: 10708: 10665: 10660: 10430: 10425: 10327: 9921: 6611: 4967:"Cities and urban areas in Iraq with population over 100,000" 4631: 4626: 4182: 3922: 3918: 3515: 3473: 3187: 3047: 3015: 2252: 2170: 1872: 1864:, partially as a result of the enmity between its rulers and 1779: 1767: 1748: 1744: 1686: 1605: 1519:, who was caliph from 813 to 833. Another was established by 1388:

Within a generation of its founding, Baghdad became a hub of

1287: 1279: 1085: 811: 679: 4082:

Baghdad has always played a significant role in the broader

3541:

The majority of the citizens are Muslims with minorities of

1829: 955:" ("Agade") and its resemblance to "Baghdad" is compelling. 690:

river. In 762 AD, Baghdad was founded as the capital of the

12417: 12391: 12354: 12309: 11730: 11626: 11550: 11517: 11511: 11443: 11336: 10913: 10843: 10815: 9630: 9599: 9280:

History of the Great Imam mosque and al-Adhamiyah mosques 1

7482: 7406:"Afp.google.com, First snow for 100 years falls on Baghdad" 4652: 4087: 3914: 3862: 3561:

of Baghdad. It contains the tombs of the seventh and ninth

3550: 3497: 3027: 2103: 1865: 1694: 1586: 1460: 1456: 1348: 1275: 907:, which likely share the same etymological Iranic origins. 718: 671: 605: 352: 9888: 9560:(in Persian). Iranian Students' News Agency. 21 March 2018 6327:

Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance

6252:"Arab science in the golden age (750–1258 C.E.) and today" 3837:, on 14 August 2010, in the presence of the bank governor 1543:, which owned an exceedingly rich library, was founded by 1299:, a solid part of an embattled parapet usually pierced by 10460: 9717:"Naked in Baghdad." by Garrels, Anne, and Lawrence, Vint. 9594:, by Donald Maxwell, 1921 (a searchable facsimile at the 8082:. Oxford: Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. 66–67. 6927:. Vol. 42. Jewish Literary Trust. 1995. p. 11. 6798:

Suraiya Faroqhi, Halil İnalcık, Donald Quataert (1997). "

6756:, EurasiaNet Civil Society, Elizabeth Kiem, 28 April 2006 6249: 6221:"Baghdad in Its Golden Age (762–1300) | 25–26 April 2014" 2989: 1782:("Tamerlane"), by marching there in only eight days from 1354: 617: 608: 568: 562: 559: 8389:"Honeywell opens Baghdad office - Utilities Middle East" 7556:"Monthly weather forecast and climate for Baghdad, Iraq" 6672:

Challenges of the Muslim World: Present, Future and Past

6095:

Routledge Revivals: Medieval Islamic Civilization (2006)

3697:

Al-Ma'mun's Telecommunication Center in downtown Baghdad

2278:

Panoramic view of the Tigris as it flows through Baghdad

1794:

protected him and killed Timur's envoys. Timur left the

1020:

An 1808 picture of Baghdad from the print collection in

7403: 6999:

Kaplan, Robert D (April 2014). "In Defence of Empire".

6562: 6560: 4110:

and others have performed for the city. The dialect of

764:

militant group in Iraq in 2017, and are very rare now.

8641:

Wikinews: Iraq plans 'Baghdad Eye' to draw in tourists

8205:"In a 'dangerous' land: tourists trickle back to Iraq" 5681:

Les cadis d'Iraq et l'État Abbasside (132/750-334/945)

3937:

was a major academy and public center in Baghdad. The

3099:(rather than a complete list) of these neighborhoods: 3026:

Administratively, Baghdad Governorate is divided into

1095:, just to the south of Greater Baghdad which is where 9701:"Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-135" by Ibn Battuta. 9685:

Baghdad Arts Deco: Architectural Brickwork, 1920–1950

9184: 9119:"Then and Now: A New Chapter for Baghdad Book Market" 9038:"Five women confront a new Iraq | csmonitor.com" 8948:

Deutscher Bundestag 4. Wahlperiode Drucksache IV/3672

8937:). Legislature of France. Retrieved on 12 March 2016. 8512: 8510: 6570:

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 205-206.

6474:

The Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy

5886: 3861:

Baghdad lacks substantial public transportation, and

3526:

between the Sunni and Shia militia groups during the

2121:

Between 1990 and 1991, Baghdad was bombed during the

851:), known in English by its borrowed Hellenistic form 629: 589: 9590:, being the adventures of an official artist in the 9146: 9144: 8483:

Goode, Erica; Mohammed, Riyadh (20 September 2008).

6879: 6801:

An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire

6557: 4668: 3472:

The vast majority of Baghdad's population are Iraqi

2243:

The city is located on a vast plain bisected by the

2027:

government to replace the pro-British government of

970: 837:"god." A similar term in Middle Persian is the name 744:(2003–2011), which began with the United States-led 651: 620: 614: 602: 571: 565: 556: 8849:"Iraq approves 2023 budget funds for Baghdad metro" 8548:Mohammed, Riyadh; Leland, John (29 December 2009). 7069:"Gulf War & Iraq War | Australian War Memorial" 6886:Edmund A. Ghareeb; Beth Dougherty (18 March 2004). 6747:

New Book Looks at Old-Style Central Asian Despotism

5237:

E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936

5199:

E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936

3588:is the only synagogue remaining in Baghdad. In the 1914:reports the 1907 population of Baghdad as 185,000. 611: 553: 9271: 9186: 9064:. Commondreams.org. 2 January 2003. Archived from 8685:"New Ferris wheel attracts leisure-starved Iraqis" 8651: 8507: 8441:"Baghdad - Mosques, Palaces, Gardens | Britannica" 8029:"Once thriving, Iraq's Jews on verge of vanishing" 7341:Cappucci, Matthew; Salim, Mustafa (29 July 2020). 6887: 6669:Cooper, William W.; Yue, Piyu (15 February 2008). 5868: 5832: 5830: 5768: 5741: 5647: 5086:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names 1703:(call to prayer) was implemented in Baghdad and a 1107:, which had earlier replaced the city of Babylon. 9825:Iraq Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit 9805:Ethnic and sectarian map of Baghdad – Healingiraq 9185:Anthony, Lawrence; Spence Grayham (3 June 2007). 9141: 7998:البدء بإعمار وتذهيب قبة الإمام الكاظم عليه السلام 7941:(in Persian). kazem.ommolketab.ir. Archived from 7665:"Basics of democracy in Iraq include frustration" 6583:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 206. 6190:. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. 5480:"ما معنى (بغداد)؟ العراق العالم العربي الجغرافيا" 5472: 5172:"Persimmons surviving winter in Bagdati, Georgia" 4758:. Islamic Arts & Architecture. Archived from 4362:are also located there. The Quarter contains the 4343:televised event during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. 1902:government. Direct Ottoman rule was reimposed by 1723:On 10 February 1258, Baghdad was captured by the 1311:. Beyond the outer wall was a water-filled moat. 1274:The four surrounding walls of Baghdad were named 12511: 8846: 8834:"Baghdad goes underground with $ 3bn metro plan" 7989: 7931: 5957:Gordon, M.S. (2006). Baghdad. In Meri, J.W. ed. 5934:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press. p. 10. 4729:estimated the 2005 population at 5,904,000; the 3871:, the national airline of Iraq, operates out of 1743:, and destroyed large sections of the city. The 944:). Some scholars suggested Aramaic derivations. 12570:Populated places established in the 8th century 9295:"History of the Moof Abu Hanifa and its school" 7483:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 7186:"Safe Under Saddam, Iraqi Jews Fear for Future" 6724:Annals of history: Invaders: Destroying Baghdad 6640:"Baghdad Sacked by the Mongols | History Today" 6554:, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 6. 5974:When Baghdad was centre of the scientific world 5827: 5190: 4876:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 19 July 2019. 4506:Baghdad is home to some of the most successful 1798:prince Khwaja Mas'ud to govern Baghdad, but he 1114:A 1468 painting of Floods in Baghdad by Shirwan 682:and the second-largest city in West Asia after 10955:An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation 10621: 8547: 5959:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia 5812:"Yakut: Baghdad under the Abbasids, c. 1000CE" 5323: 4526:(Students). The largest stadium in Baghdad is 3011:List of neighborhoods and districts in Baghdad 1551:Stagnation and invasions (10th–16th centuries) 12176: 11818: 10981: 10607: 10343: 10196: 9874: 9850: 9800:Description of the original layout of Baghdad 8482: 7827:"Iraq - Arabs, Mesopotamia, Tigris-Euphrates" 7504:"World Weather Information Service – Baghdad" 7340: 6981:, William Morrow and Company, 1993. pg. 114. 6069: 5146: 5082: 4618: 4389:as well as numerous well-known cafés such as 1999:. In 1920, Baghdad became the capital of the 1608:branch of Islam. In 1040, they destroyed the 922:(spelled with a sign that can represent both 9217: 9110: 8232:"Is it safe to travel to Iraq as a tourist?" 7522: 6615:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume VII (Mif-Naz) 6468: 6466: 6464: 6462: 6460: 5712:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1 January 2007). 5650:Baghdad: Metropolis of the Abbasid Caliphate 4960: 4157:and the Institute of Fine Arts Baghdad. The 1266:Contemporary sketch of Baghdad published by 12190: 9233:Al-Qushla: Iraq's oasis of free expression. 8917:"Baghdad metro project consortium selected" 8519:"Baghdad plans to build giant Ferris wheel" 7851: 7849: 7847: 7532:. Climate & Temperature. Archived from 7430:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 7404:(AFP) – 11 January 2008 (11 January 2008). 5565: 5510: 5417: 5362: 3849:to sign the agreement between the bank and 3811:Sindbad Hotel Complex and Conference Center 2215:. Priceless collection of artifacts in the 2063:staged a coup to topple the Kingdom of Iraq 1036:, the first Muslim dynasty, the victorious 12183: 12169: 11825: 11811: 10988: 10974: 10614: 10600: 10350: 10336: 10203: 10189: 9881: 9867: 9768:National Commission for Investment in Iraq 9763:Iraq Image – Baghdad Satellite Observation 8889: 7206:"Iraq crisis: The last Christians of Dora" 7124: 6710:Cities of the Middle East and North Africa 6581:The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines 6568:The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines 5026: 4134:as a City of Literature in December 2015. 3749:Inside Baghdad South Power Station in 2003 1581:, including relocations of the capital to 9499:"Brotherhood & Friendship Agreements" 9444:(in Arabic). 21 June 2017. Archived from 9292: 8541: 8104:"Sacred site in Baghdad destroyed | BWNS" 7909:"'Sushi' children defy Sunni-Shia divide" 6862: 6833:Ottoman Administration of Iraq, 1890–1908 6668: 6457: 6270: 6150: 5996: 5228: 4903: 4719: 3333:– site of historical mosques and churches 1991:Baghdad and southern Iraq remained under 1830:Ottoman and mamluks (16th–19th centuries) 10210: 9554:"گذری بر خواهرخوانده تهران در شرق اروپا" 9523: 8476: 7844: 7276: 7274: 6949: 6479: 6394:. Geography.about.com. 2 November 2009. 5887:Hattstein, Markus; Peter Delius (2000). 5850:"بالصور.. أبو تحسين آخر حكواتي في بغداد" 5711: 4753: 4279: 4122:. For poetry written about Baghdad, see 4073: 4060: 4052: 4040: 3963:Baghdad Japanese School (バグダッド日本人学校), a 3878: 3744: 3736: 3704: 3692: 3286: 3014: 2157:, which boasted a population of 150,000 2112: 2102:and thousands of residents were killed. 1979: 1774:At this point, Baghdad was ruled by the 1770:sacked the city and spared almost no one 1758: 1711: 1697:. Soon after, by December 1058, a Shi'i 1604:from Central Asia that converted to the 1565: 1554: 1499: 1364: 1261: 1198: 1186: 1109: 1064: 1015: 705:For much of the Abbasid era, during the 165:• View over Baghdad and the Tigris river 163:Atraqchi for Art & cultural heritage 9293:Al Shakir, Osama S. (20 October 2013). 9062:"In Baghdad, Art Thrives As War Hovers" 7203: 6968: 6844: 6835:. London and New York: Routledge, 2006. 6438: 6218: 6181: 5953: 5951: 5836: 5821: 5759: 5678: 5633: 5600: 5083:Everett-Heath, John (24 October 2019). 3324:– Runs from the north into Baghdad via 1790:fled to Syria, where the Mamluk Sultan 1667:. In 1058, Baghdad was captured by the 1255:" which survived until the modern era. 1134:, was a Tatar king who embraced Islam. 1126:. Baghdad is also home to the grave of 12555:Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Middle East 12512: 11778:Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute 9466: 9277: 8361: 8280: 8278: 7966:افتتاحية قبة الامام الجواد عليه السلام 7562:from the original on 19 September 2020 7334: 6998: 6650:from the original on 10 September 2018 6492:, Washington, D.C.: FAROS 2000, 2003. 6324: 5456:. Seenjeem.maktoob.com. Archived from 5178:from the original on 23 September 2016 5174:. Georgian Journal. 22 February 2016. 5051:"Baghdad, Foundation and early growth" 5022: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 4754:Petersen, Andrew (13 September 2011). 4308:. The entire area is submitted to the 4155:The Music and Ballet School of Baghdad 4057:The National Ballet performing in 2007 3592:district of Baghdad, was the house of 2195:lasted until 2013. It was followed by 2145:, Saddam's government lost its power. 1612:, taking over their land and in 1055, 1528:or theological college libraries. The 1475:culminating in the scholarship on the 1355:Center of learning (8th–9th centuries) 1331:. The two designers who were hired by 721:as an independent state (formerly the 12164: 11806: 10969: 10595: 10331: 10184: 9862: 9849: 9682: 9532:. London: Anthem Press. p. 196. 9479:from the original on 29 December 2021 9116: 8529:from the original on 11 December 2013 8229: 8077: 7957: 7906: 7662: 7506:. World Meteorological Organization. 7456:from the original on 12 February 2020 7446:"Ultra-rare snowfall carpets Baghdad" 7271: 7204:Spencer, Richard (22 December 2014). 7199: 7197: 7195: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7114: 7020: 7016: 7014: 7012: 6689:from the original on 9 September 2018 6357: 6033: 5969: 5967: 5134:from the original on 17 November 2017 4805:. Geography.about.com. 6 April 2011. 4324:is a predominantly Sunni area with a 4188: 4007:American University of Iraq – Baghdad 3576:respectively, upon whom the title of 2329:Climate data for Baghdad (1991-2020) 2203:insurgency from 2017, which included 2188:took place from 2003 to 2011, but an 1479:. Baghdad is likely to have been the 1420:and thrived under the seventh caliph 657: 12575:Populated places on the Tigris River 12565:Populated places along the Silk Road 10995: 9340:from the original on 27 January 2018 9166:from the original on 10 October 2017 9018:from the original on 30 January 2021 8664:from the original on 14 January 2015 8622:from the original on 1 December 2016 8114:from the original on 31 January 2022 7919:from the original on 10 October 2018 7496: 7385:from the original on 27 October 2016 7238:from the original on 22 January 2021 7125:Tunzelmann, Alex von (8 July 2021). 6502:Evolutionary World Politics Homepage 6443:. Simon & Schuster. p. 65. 6231:from the original on 7 February 2019 6092: 5948: 5929: 5923: 5874: 5774: 5747: 5715:Historic Cities of the Islamic World 5645: 5454:"ما معنى اسم مدينة بغداد ومن سماه ؟" 5305:from the original on 28 January 2020 5216:from the original on 4 February 2021 5095:10.1093/acref/9780191882913.001.0001 4332:is derived from Abu Hanifa's title, 4130:(Harvard, 2013). Baghdad joined the 3741:View of downtown Baghdad, March 2017 3492:. The city was also home to a large 2997:Source 2: Climate & Temperature 1756:civilization never fully recovered. 940: 879:), ultimately borrowed from Persian 201:City of Peace (مَدِيْنَةُ السَّلَام) 9467:Thomas, Claire (13 February 2018). 9305:from the original on 31 August 2017 8988:from the original on 19 August 2019 8769: 8695:from the original on 24 August 2011 8682: 8652:Jared Jacang Maher (October 2008). 8560:from the original on 6 October 2014 8495:from the original on 6 October 2014 8275: 8255: 7749:. Defendamerica.mil. Archived from 7697:. Defendamerica.mil. Archived from 7640:. Defendamerica.mil. Archived from 7618:from the original on 31 August 2009 7375:"World Weather Information Service" 6306:from the original on 21 August 2017 5788:"Abbasid Ceramics: Plan of Baghdad" 5262:from the original on 4 October 2020 5061:from the original on 9 October 2015 5005: 4401:and also includes the famous Iraqi 3841:. On 2 February 2012, Hadid joined 3709:Al Rashid Hotel in Downtown Baghdad 3639:Armenian Orthodox Church of Baghdad 3496:community and regularly visited by 2314:Winter temperatures are typical of 2233:assassinated in a U.S. drone strike 963: 819:the first element can be traced to 641: 28:Capital city and Metropolis in Iraq 13: 12580:8th-century establishments in Asia 9965: 9795:Envisioning Reconstruction In Iraq 9576: 9530:Historical Dictionary of Pyongyang 8516: 8415:"Bosch opens new store in Baghdad" 8335: 7723:. csmonitor.com. 5 December 2003. 7212:from the original on 13 April 2018 7192: 7158: 7111: 7009: 5964: 5780: 3414:– runs through Baghdad north-south 3282: 1573:in Baghdad (built in 1202 AD) 1307:, which is made out of bricks and 14: 12596: 9739: 9330:"Iraq: A Guide to the Green Zone" 7727:from the original on 3 April 2010 7510:from the original on 25 June 2013 7355:from the original on 31 July 2020 7322:from the original on 28 July 2020 7282:"Geert Jan van Oldenborgh @ KNMI" 6778:". Charles Philip Issawi (1988). 5891:. Cologne: Könemann. p. 96. 5344:from the original on 23 July 2022 4510:teams in Iraq, the biggest being 4296:neighborhood at the riverbank of 4159:Iraqi National Symphony Orchestra 4047:Iraqi National Symphony Orchestra 3856: 3476:. Minority ethnic groups include 3352:– runs along the Tigris from the 2251:" and the Western half known as " 2090:was opened in 1982. However, the 2034:. On 31 May, after the resulting 1507:, built in the 14th century as a 1467:contributing to the formation of 441:673 km (260 sq mi) 10394: 10316: 9830: 9815:Man With A Plan: Hisham Ashkouri 9546: 9517: 9491: 9460: 9430: 9405: 9379: 9358: 9352: 9322: 9248: 9226: 9211: 9178: 9117:Owles, Eric (18 December 2008). 9080: 9054: 9030: 9000: 8974: 8961: 8940: 8923: 8909: 8890:Muhsen, Majda; Projects, Zawya. 8883: 8866: 8840: 8826: 8794: 8763: 8733: 8707: 8676: 8645: 8634: 8602: 8586:. 28 August 2008. Archived from 8580:"'Baghdad Eye' To Draw Tourists" 8572: 8458: 8433: 8407: 8381: 8362:Rahman, Fareed (10 March 2022). 8355: 8329: 8303: 8249: 8223: 8197: 8175: 8151: 8126: 8096: 8071: 8046: 8021: 7900: 7874: 7861:European Union Agency for Asylum 7819: 7783: 7773:"NBC 6 News – 1st Cav Headlines" 7765: 7739: 7713: 7687: 7675:from the original on 15 May 2011 7656: 7630: 7604: 7592:from the original on 5 June 2007 7574: 7548: 7468: 7438: 6398:from the original on 27 May 2005 6392:"Largest Cities Through History" 6080:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_2891 6038:. Prometheus Books. p. 32. 5511:Wall-Romana, Christophe (1990). 5363:Wall-Romana, Christophe (1990). 5037:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0084 4993:from the original on 21 May 2021 4944:from the original on 14 May 2013 4809:from the original on 27 May 2005 4803:"Largest Cities Through History" 4671: 4651: 4638: 4625: 4481: 4467: 4453: 4439: 4425: 4411: 4069:Cathedral of Our Lady of Sorrows 3953:operated in Baghdad, including: 3673: 3659: 3645: 3631: 3617: 3536:Islamic State's invasion in 2014 3299: 2267: 2053:On 14 July 1958, members of the 1949: 1934: 1919: 1022:Travels in Asia and Africa, etc. 810: 800: 598: 549: 285: 278: 252: 245: 219: 212: 184: 174: 127: 118: 107: 98: 87: 78: 67: 16:Capital and largest city of Iraq 11011:states with limited recognition 9094:. 29 March 2009. Archived from 8847:Staff Writer; Projects, Zawya. 8721:from the original on 2 May 2014 7907:Kamal, Nesrine (18 June 2016). 7663:Frank, Thomas (26 March 2006). 7397: 7367: 7304: 7250: 7224: 7178: 7152: 7086: 7061: 7040: 6992: 6943: 6931:from the original on 2 May 2021 6915: 6838: 6825: 6792: 6759: 6740: 6716: 6701: 6662: 6632: 6605: 6586: 6573: 6544: 6532: 6513: 6432: 6410: 6384: 6351: 6318: 6243: 6212: 6175: 6119: 6093:Meri, Josef (12 January 2018). 6086: 6063: 6027: 5990: 5932:Islamic Science and Engineering 5905: 5880: 5842: 5815: 5806: 5753: 5732: 5705: 5672: 5639: 5627: 5609: 5605:. Thomson Gale. pp. 68–69. 5594: 5559: 5517:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 5504: 5411: 5369:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 5356: 5330:. Pontificio Istituto Biblico. 5317: 5274: 5164: 5155: 5120: 5111: 5076: 5043: 4242:Coalition Provisional Authority 3970: 3606:place of pilgrimage by Baha'i's 3462: 3036:Coalition Provisional Authority 3030:which are further divided into 2992:(precipitation days 1976-2008) 1335:to plan the city's design were 1004:For a chronological guide, see 286: 253: 233:Location of Baghdad within Iraq 220: 10357: 8807:Arab Air Carriers Organization 7695:"DefendAmerica News – Article" 7582:"New troops to move into Iraq" 7288:. 11 July 2012. Archived from 6954:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 6845:Jackson, Iain (2 April 2016). 6419:Largest Cities Through History 6335:10.7551/mitpress/3981.001.0001 5240:. BRILL. 1987. pp. 564–. 4979: 4879: 4856: 4821: 4795: 4774: 4747: 4702:History of the Jews in Baghdad 4272:. During the 1970s and 1980s, 4141:, which was looted during the 4132:UNESCO Creative Cities Network 4002:University of Technology, Iraq 2001:British Mandate of Mesopotamia 1844:History of Baghdad (1831–1917) 1731:, a grandson of Chingiz Khan ( 1643:. The city has been sieged in 1562:retains an Abbasid-era minaret 1416:began under the second caliph 723:British Mandate of Mesopotamia 1: 9783:– Baghdad government websites 9156:, featuring Lawrence Anthony" 9043:The Christian Science Monitor 8772:"Public Transport in Baghdad" 6890:Historical Dictionary of Iraq 6864:10.1080/13602365.2016.1179662 6712:, Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO 6362:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 5999:The Cambridge History of Iran 5987:. Retrieved 16 February 2019. 5566:Sallaberger, Walther (1999). 5418:Sallaberger, Walther (1999). 4914:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69491-9 4740: 4078:The Baghdad Convention Center 3873:Baghdad International Airport 3004: 2019:. Rashid Ali installed a pro- 1961: 1822:(1469–1508), and the Iranian 1011: 773:Baghdad International Airport 417:Baghdad City Advisory Council 12545:Assyrian communities in Iraq 9268:. Retrieved 16 January 2018. 9245:. Retrieved 16 January 2018. 9218:Makiya, K.; Al-Khalilm, S., 9092:International Herald Tribune 8984:. Harvard University Press. 8874:"Baghdad Metro Rail Project" 8005:(in Avestan). Archived from 6675:. Emerald Group Publishing. 5656:University of Oklahoma Press 5513:"An Areal Location of Agade" 5365:"An Areal Location of Agade" 4756:"Baghdad (Madinat al-Salam)" 4372:Al-Habibiyah Jewish Cemetery 4012:Al-Turath University College 3928: 3467: 3402:Bor Saeed (Port Said) Street 2238: 2127:multinational alliance force 2088:Saddam International Airport 1414:Abbasid translation movement 863:is the more archaic form of 756:(2013–2017), resulting in a 7: 12550:Turkmen communities in Iraq 9835:Geographic data related to 9746:Amanat/Mayoralty of Baghdad 9663:The Journal of Architecture 9581: 9438:"عراقٌ انا | الشـناشـيل ج2" 9391:وكالة بغداد اليوم الاخبارية 9299:Abu Hanifa An-Nu'man Mosque 8745:Baghdad Governorate Website 8058:www.washingtoninstitute.org 7973:(in Arabic). Archived from 6979:The atlas of Jewish history 6894:. Scarecrow Press. p. 6851:The Journal of Architecture 6539:Atlas of the Medieval World 6490:World Cities: –3000 to 2000 5997:Yarshater, E., ed. (1983). 5764:. Thomson Gale. p. 69. 5569:Akkade-Zeit und Ur III-Zeit 5488:(in Arabic). Archived from 5421:Akkade-Zeit und Ur III-Zeit 5089:. Oxford University Press. 4839:Central Intelligence Agency 4664: 3503: 3356:to 14 July Suspended Bridge 3021:International Space Station 2802:Average precipitation days 2588:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2448:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2147:Saddam's statue was toppled 1871:, which did not accept the 1860:, Baghdad continued into a 1532:was founded by the Persian 1493:tales, widely known as the 1490:One Thousand and One Nights 1195:between 767 and 912 AD 1103:, the first capital of the 975:), which now refers to the 971: 652: 459: • Estimate 10: 12601: 11794:Georgian-Ossetian conflict 9666:, Volume 17, Issue 3, 2012 8315:TBI المصرف العراقي للتجارة 7021:Susan (10 December 2023). 6952:Remembering for the Future 6813:Cambridge University Press 6780:Oxford University Press US 6593:Central Asian world cities 6182:Pormann, Peter E. (2007). 6034:Ohlig, Karl-Heinz (2013). 5889:Islam Art and Architecture 5617:Times History of the World 4692:List of mosques in Baghdad 4619:Twin towns – sister cities 4499: 4364:Great Synagogue of Baghdad 4256:Unknown Soldier's Monument 4128:Baghdad: The City in Verse 4090:poets and singers such as 4026: 4022: 3943:al-Mustansiriya University 3882: 3753:Iraqi companies including 3688: 3596:, (Prophet Founder of the 3507: 3397:Muthana al-Shaibani Street 3008: 2996: 2987: 2328: 2283: 2081:, Iraq's main export. New 1965: 1833: 1358: 1118:According to the traveler 1003: 997: 993: 18: 12198: 11841: 11835:most-populous urban areas 11771: 11287:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte 11021: 11004: 10950: 10630: 10543: 10474: 10403: 10392: 10365: 10314: 10218: 9977: 9963: 9904: 9856: 9851:Links to related articles 9756:30 September 2009 at the 9627:By Desert Ways to Baghdad 9524:Corfield, Justin (2013). 8108:Bahá'í World News Service 6219:HumWest (14 March 2015). 6184:Medieval Islamic medicine 6007:10.1017/chol9780521200929 5760:Corzine, Phyllis (2005). 5679:Tillier, Mathieu (2009). 5601:Corzine, Phyllis (2005). 4989:. National Public Radio. 4782:"Baghdad Population Live" 4017:Dijlah University College 3957:École française de Bagdad 3763:Iraq National Oil Company 3486:Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriacs 3019:Baghdad as seen from the 2940: 2893: 2845: 2801: 2727: 2657: 2587: 2517: 2447: 2377: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 1719:by the Mongols in 1258 CE 1663:and in 1393 and 1401, by 1481:largest city in the world 1048:, and on 30 July 762 the 932:Jewish Babylonian Aramaic 527: 517: 503: 486: 476: 466: 458: 453: 445: 437: 432: 421: 413: 403: 398: 388: 378: 370: 358: 346: 311: 206: 198: 170: 61: 56: 43: 33: 12096: 12038: 11972: 11914: 11790:Abkhaz-Georgian conflict 9683:Pieri, Caecilia (2011). 9670: 9588:A Dweller in Mesopotamia 8134:"10000 years of economy" 7997: 7965: 7721:"Democracy from scratch" 7098:ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu 7005:(Print). pp. 13–15. 6439:Bobrick, Benson (2012). 6358:Lyons, Jonathan (2011). 6127:"Sir Henry Lyons, F.R.S" 5979:14 December 2019 at the 5930:Hill, Donald R. (1994). 4972:15 November 2006 at the 4852:(Archived 2020 edition.) 4712: 4707:Battle of Baghdad (2003) 4495: 4399:Renaissance architecture 4248:Grand Festivities Square 4112:Arabic spoken in Baghdad 3807:Baghdad Renaissance Plan 3448:– (Al-Rasheed Camp Road) 3091:(Tisaa Nissan) (9 April) 2199:from 2013 to 2017 and a 2110:residential districts. 2069:, former Prime Minister 1627:Baghdad was captured in 1384:was established in 1963. 1382:Mustansiriyah University 958:When the Abbasid caliph 752:(2011–2013) and renewed 678:in the Arab world after 37: 21:Baghdad (disambiguation) 12192:Arab Capital of Culture 11456:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 9788:22 October 2014 at the 9723:Stanek, Łukasz (2020). 9238:16 January 2018 at the 7159:By (13 November 1998). 7046:Stanek, Łukasz (2020). 6752:18 January 2009 at the 6618:. BRILL. p. 1032. 6598:18 January 2012 at the 6325:Saliba, George (2007). 6137:(3323): 55. July 1933. 6074:(2nd ed.). Brill. 5523:(3): 234–238, 244–245. 5324:Brinkmann J.a. (1968). 5055:Encyclopædia Britannica 5031:(2nd ed.). Brill. 4874:Encyclopædia Britannica 4727:Encyclopedia Britannica 4224:used to be the largest 4196:National Museum of Iraq 4049:performing in July 2007 4037:Café culture of Baghdad 3982:Mustansiriya University 3528:U.S. occupation of Iraq 2217:National Museum of Iraq 2073:, former Regent Prince 1968:Mandate for Mesopotamia 1826:(1508–1534) dynasties. 1766:Turko-Mongol conqueror 1231:. The Sasanian city of 934:name of a place called 778: 686:. It is located on the 449:34 m (112 ft) 12535:Capitals of caliphates 9971: 9260:4 January 2018 at the 8747:. 2010. Archived from 8230:Shane (10 June 2023). 6072:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5961:. New York: Routledge. 5689:10.4000/books.ifpo.673 5646:Wiet, Gastron (1971). 5029:Encyclopaedia of Islam 4868:9 October 2015 at the 4697:List of places in Iraq 4285: 4079: 4071: 4058: 4050: 3960:Deutsche Schule Bagdad 3750: 3742: 3710: 3698: 3292: 3023: 2235:near Baghdad Airport. 2118: 1988: 1771: 1720: 1574: 1563: 1511: 1412:, especially with the 1385: 1271: 1211: 1196: 1115: 1077: 1032:After the fall of the 1029: 867:, related to Sanskrit 11568:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 11007:Dependent territories 9969: 9820:Behind Baghdad's 9/11 9596:University of Georgia 9473:english.alaraby.co.uk 8879:. Investpromo.gov.iq. 8683:AFP (21 March 2011). 8393:Utilities Middle East 8078:Smith, Peter (2000). 7886:Minority Rights Group 6272:10.1096/fj.06-0803ufm 6103:10.4324/9781315162416 5683:. Presses de l'Ifpo. 5130:. Iranicaonline.org. 4368:Meir Taweig Synagogue 4283: 4203:were destroyed under 4175:US occupation of Iraq 4143:2003 invasion of Iraq 4077: 4064: 4056: 4044: 3977:University of Baghdad 3951:international schools 3947:University of Baghdad 3879:Planned Baghdad Metro 3748: 3740: 3734:years of instability. 3717:and later during the 3708: 3696: 3681:Meir Taweig Synagogue 3586:Meir Taweig Synagogue 3437:– city center Baghdad 3431:– city center Baghdad 3290: 3018: 2116: 1983: 1956:Souk in Baghdad, 1876 1877:Between 1623 and 1638 1875:control of the city. 1848:In 1534, Baghdad was 1762: 1715: 1569: 1558: 1524:two were examples of 1503: 1471:theology, as well as 1368: 1359:Further information: 1265: 1202: 1193:Round City of Baghdad 1190: 1132:Abu Said Bahadur Khan 1113: 1068: 1019: 977:Round City of Baghdad 505: • Summer ( 497:Arabian Standard Time 331:33.31528°N 44.36611°E 12227:United Arab Emirates 11479:United Arab Emirates 10794:United Arab Emirates 10212:Governorates of Iraq 9778:Iraq – Urban Society 9648:on 6 September 2005. 9617:on 6 September 2005. 9336:. 17 December 2006. 9162:. 4 September 2007. 8550:"The New York Times" 8485:"The New York Times" 8472:on 20 December 2008. 7939:"تاریخچه حرم کاظمین" 7779:on 12 December 2007. 7412:on 29 September 2010 7379:worldweather.wmo.int 6924:The Jewish Quarterly 6644:www.historytoday.com 6550:Virani, Shafique N. 6188:Savage-Smith, Emilie 5913:Encyclopædia Iranica 4762:on 16 September 2016 4558:Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya SC 4447:Iraq National Museum 4270:Ismail Fatah Al Turk 4168:ancient civilization 4084:Arab cultural sphere 3939:Mustansiriya Madrasa 3799:Iraqi reconstruction 3775:First Abu Dhabi Bank 3771:Central Bank of Iraq 3608:according to their " 3457:Baghdad Airport Road 3368:Baghdad Airport Road 2378:Record high °C (°F) 2131:U.S invasion of Iraq 1912:Nuttall Encyclopedia 1818:(1411–1469), Turkic 1814:(1400–1411), Turkic 1571:Zumurrud Khatun Tomb 1380:of 1258. The modern 1141:, when it refers to 899:in Iran itself, and 855:, meaning "Given by 736:(1980–1988) and the 713:at the hands of the 670:) is the capital of 533:amanatbaghdad.gov.iq 57:Mayoralty of Baghdad 19:For other uses, see 12585:Planned communities 11786:Status of Jerusalem 11562:Episkopi Cantonment 11315:Bandar Seri Begawan 10055:Al-Hurriya, Baghdad 10005:Al-Amin al-Thaniyah 9129:on 21 December 2008 8896:metrorailtoday.com/ 8615:New York Daily News 8162:www.iraqiembassy.us 7753:on 28 December 2008 7701:on 27 December 2008 7644:on 28 December 2008 7614:. Defenselink.mil. 7452:. Bangkokpost.com. 7381:. 26 October 2016. 7348:The Washington Post 7234:. 21 January 2021. 6831:Cetinsaya, Gokhan. 6806:13 May 2016 at the 6729:7 June 2011 at the 6507:20 May 2007 at the 6426:27 May 2005 at the 6416:Matt T. Rosenberg, 6143:1933Natur.132S..55. 5918:Columbia University 5492:on 29 December 2013 5375:(3): 205–245, 244. 4898:(9545): 1421–1428. 4542: 4387:Haydar-Khana Mosque 4313:World Heritage Site 4262:Al-Shaheed Monument 4116:The Arabic Language 3791:Saudi National Bank 3625:Al-Kadhimiya Mosque 3435:Al-Jumhuriya Street 2658:Record low °C (°F) 2518:Daily mean °C (°F) 2316:hot desert climates 1751:forming the city's 1717:Conquest of Baghdad 1600:were a clan of the 1251:profession called " 1006:Timeline of Baghdad 676:second-largest city 428:Ammar Moussa Kadhum 327: / 147:Haydar-Khana Mosque 140:Aerial view of the 12525:762 establishments 12462:State of Palestine 12349:State of Palestine 11847: 9972: 9660:by Lukasz Stanek, 9417:www.algardenia.com 9359:جواد, قحطان جاسم. 9195:Thomas Dunne Books 9123:The New York Times 9098:on 10 October 2017 9050:on 28 August 2009. 8618:. 27 August 2008. 8590:on 14 October 2012 8554:The New York Times 8489:The New York Times 8445:www.britannica.com 8421:. 22 December 2022 8256:Travers, Alannah. 8003:www.aljawadain.org 7971:www.aljawadain.org 7027:Unofficial Royalty 6773:4 May 2016 at the 6737:25 April 2005. p.5 6526:Taylor and Francis 5762:The Islamic Empire 5603:The Islamic Empire 4834:The World Factbook 4731:2006 Lancet Report 4541: 4286: 4240:, Director of the 4189:Sights of interest 4080: 4072: 4059: 4051: 3997:Albayan University 3992:Nahrain University 3803:Hisham N. Ashkouri 3767:Trade Bank of Iraq 3751: 3743: 3711: 3699: 3339:– stretching from 3293: 3024: 2290:hot desert climate 2135:significant damage 2119: 2079:price of petroleum 2059:Abd al-Karim Qasim 1989: 1908:Mehmed Namık Pasha 1772: 1721: 1575: 1564: 1521:Sabur ibn Ardashir 1512: 1439:, and philosopher 1386: 1361:Islamic Golden Age 1272: 1212: 1197: 1116: 1097:Salman the Persian 1078: 1030: 1028:, British Library) 1000:History of Baghdad 823:and is related to 707:Islamic Golden Age 659:[baɣˈdaːd] 438: • Total 336:33.31528; 44.36611 12507: 12506: 12501: 12500: 12158: 12157: 12153: 12152: 11800: 11799: 11766: 11765: 11200:Camp Thunder Cove 10963: 10962: 10945: 10944: 10879: 10863: 10589: 10588: 10325: 10324: 10178: 10177: 9733:978-0-691-19455-4 9694:978-977-416-356-2 9539:978-0-85728-234-7 9365:www.aljazeera.net 9204:978-0-312-35832-7 8919:. Railwaygazette. 8336:Dudley, Dominic. 8236:Rocky Road Travel 8185:. 25 October 2022 8089:978-1-85168-184-6 8009:on 13 August 2009 7977:on 13 August 2009 7888:. 6 November 2017 7536:on 6 January 2012 7316:www.infoclimat.fr 7056:978-0-691-19455-4 6987:978-0-688-12264-5 6961:978-0-333-80486-5 6905:978-0-8108-6568-6 6821:978-0-521-57455-6 6788:978-0-19-504951-0 6682:978-0-444-53243-5 6625:978-90-04-09419-2 6602:, George Modelski 6579:Daftary, Farhad. 6566:Daftary, Farhad. 6498:978-0-9676230-1-6 6450:978-1-4165-6762-2 6369:978-1-60819-190-1 6344:978-0-262-28288-8 6265:(10): 1581–1586. 6259:The FASEB Journal 6197:978-1-58901-160-1 6112:978-1-315-16241-6 6045:978-1-61614-825-6 6016:978-1-139-05494-2 5941:978-0-7486-0457-9 5898:978-3-8290-2558-4 5725:978-90-04-15388-2 5698:978-2-35159-028-7 5665:978-0-8061-0922-0 5579:978-3-7278-1210-1 5431:978-3-7278-1210-1 5337:978-88-7653-243-6 5298:978-1-135-59094-9 5247:978-90-04-08265-6 5209:978-90-04-08265-6 5104:978-0-19-188291-3 4837:(2024 ed.). 4616: 4615: 4611:Iraq Stars League 4596:Iraq Stars League 4581:Iraq Stars League 4566:Iraq Stars League 4516:Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya 4508:football (soccer) 4378:Al-Rasheed Street 4352:Al-Sa'doun Street 4336:(the Great Imam). 4066:Chaldean Catholic 3845:at a ceremony in 3783:Robert Bosch GmbH 3429:Al-Rasheed Street 3354:Jumhouriya Bridge 3341:Liberation Square 3337:Al-Sa'doun Street 3326:Yarmouk (Baghdad) 3001: 3000: 2943:ultraviolet index 2848:relative humidity 2169:, vandalism, and 2017:a coup in Baghdad 1985:Al-Shabandar Café 1862:period of decline 1596:(1055–1135). The 1560:Al-Khulafa mosque 1076:circa 807 Baghdad 969: 748:, the subsequent 692:Abbasid Caliphate 650: 542: 541: 467: • Rank 414: • Body 404: • Type 302:Show map of Earth 12592: 12530:Capitals in Asia 12185: 12178: 12171: 12162: 12161: 12004:Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto 11999:Ho Chi Minh City 11844: 11843: 11827: 11820: 11813: 11804: 11803: 11354:Christmas Island 11348:Flying Fish Cove 11024: 11023: 10990: 10983: 10976: 10967: 10966: 10877: 10861: 10633: 10632: 10616: 10609: 10602: 10593: 10592: 10398: 10352: 10345: 10338: 10329: 10328: 10320: 10205: 10198: 10191: 10182: 10181: 9883: 9876: 9869: 9860: 9859: 9847: 9846: 9834: 9833: 9698: 9653: 9649: 9647: 9641:. Archived from 9640: 9622: 9618: 9616: 9610:. Archived from 9609: 9570: 9569: 9567: 9565: 9550: 9544: 9543: 9521: 9515: 9514: 9512: 9510: 9495: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9484: 9464: 9458: 9457: 9455: 9453: 9434: 9428: 9427: 9425: 9423: 9409: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9398: 9383: 9377: 9376: 9374: 9372: 9356: 9350: 9349: 9347: 9345: 9326: 9320: 9314: 9312: 9310: 9290: 9284: 9283: 9275: 9269: 9252: 9246: 9230: 9224: 9223: 9215: 9209: 9208: 9192: 9182: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9148: 9139: 9138: 9136: 9134: 9125:. Archived from 9114: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9084: 9078: 9077: 9075: 9073: 9058: 9052: 9051: 9046:. Archived from 9034: 9028: 9027: 9025: 9023: 9004: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8978: 8972: 8965: 8959: 8944: 8938: 8927: 8921: 8920: 8913: 8907: 8906: 8904: 8902: 8887: 8881: 8880: 8878: 8870: 8864: 8863: 8861: 8859: 8844: 8838: 8837: 8830: 8824: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8810:. Archived from 8798: 8792: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8778:. Archived from 8767: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8751:on 23 March 2010 8737: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8711: 8705: 8704: 8702: 8700: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8649: 8643: 8638: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8595: 8576: 8570: 8569: 8567: 8565: 8545: 8539: 8538: 8536: 8534: 8517:Yacoub, Sameer. 8514: 8505: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8480: 8474: 8473: 8468:. Archived from 8462: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8437: 8431: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8411: 8405: 8404: 8402: 8400: 8395:. 7 October 2010 8385: 8379: 8378: 8376: 8374: 8359: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8333: 8327: 8326: 8324: 8322: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8290:Mutanabbi Street 8282: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8268: 8253: 8247: 8246: 8244: 8242: 8227: 8221: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8201: 8195: 8194: 8192: 8190: 8179: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8168: 8155: 8149: 8148: 8146: 8144: 8130: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8110:. 28 June 2013. 8100: 8094: 8093: 8075: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8064: 8050: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8025: 8019: 8018: 8016: 8014: 7993: 7987: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7961: 7955: 7954: 7952: 7950: 7945:on 10 March 2018 7935: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7904: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7878: 7872: 7871: 7869: 7867: 7853: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7837: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7807:on 29 April 2014 7806: 7800:. Archived from 7795: 7787: 7781: 7780: 7775:. Archived from 7769: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7743: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7732: 7717: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7691: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7680: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7634: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7608: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7578: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7552: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7500: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7480: 7472: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7442: 7436: 7435: 7429: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7408:. Archived from 7401: 7395: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7371: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7360: 7338: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7308: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7297: 7278: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7264: 7254: 7248: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7228: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7217: 7201: 7190: 7189: 7182: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7122: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7090: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7065: 7059: 7044: 7038: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7018: 7007: 7006: 6996: 6990: 6972: 6966: 6965: 6947: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6919: 6913: 6912: 6893: 6883: 6877: 6876: 6866: 6842: 6836: 6829: 6823: 6796: 6790: 6763: 6757: 6744: 6738: 6720: 6714: 6713: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6636: 6630: 6629: 6609: 6603: 6590: 6584: 6577: 6571: 6564: 6555: 6548: 6542: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6517: 6511: 6483: 6477: 6470: 6455: 6454: 6436: 6430: 6414: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6388: 6382: 6381: 6355: 6349: 6348: 6322: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6305: 6274: 6256: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6179: 6173: 6172: 6154: 6152:10.1038/132055c0 6123: 6117: 6116: 6090: 6084: 6083: 6067: 6061: 6060: 6031: 6025: 6024: 5994: 5988: 5971: 5962: 5955: 5946: 5945: 5927: 5921: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5884: 5878: 5872: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5846: 5840: 5834: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5794:on 25 March 2003 5790:. Archived from 5784: 5778: 5772: 5766: 5765: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5739: 5736: 5730: 5729: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5653: 5643: 5637: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5613: 5607: 5606: 5598: 5592: 5591: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5450: 5444: 5443: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5321: 5315: 5314: 5312: 5310: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5232: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5168: 5162: 5159: 5153: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5124: 5118: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5066: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5024: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4983: 4977: 4964: 4958: 4957: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4907: 4883: 4877: 4860: 4854: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4751: 4734: 4723: 4681: 4676: 4675: 4674: 4656: 4655: 4643: 4642: 4630: 4629: 4543: 4540: 4528:Al-Shaab Stadium 4485: 4471: 4457: 4443: 4429: 4415: 4348:Al-Rashid Street 4334:al-Imām al-Aʿẓam 4302:Mutanabbi Street 4234:Lawrence Anthony 4211:Mutanabbi Street 4201:National Library 4139:National Theater 4104:Salah Al-Hamdani 3987:Iraqi University 3843:Sinan al-Shabibi 3839:Sinan al-Shabibi 3731:Mutanabbi street 3677: 3663: 3653:Al-Sarrai Mosque 3649: 3635: 3621: 3574:Muhammad at-Taqi 3559:Kādhimayn suburb 3510:Religion in Iraq 3446:Tariq al-Muaskar 3424:Al Nidhal Street 3387:14th July Street 3373:Mutanabbi Street 3350:Abu Nuwas Street 3307:Mutanabbi Street 3303: 3291:Abu Nuwas Street 2326: 2325: 2271: 2221:National Library 2205:suicide bombings 2139:coalition forces 1987:in Baghdad, 1923 1953: 1938: 1923: 1737:siege of Baghdad 1477:Quranic exegesis 1435:, mathematician 1433:Hunayn ibn Ishaq 1290:; named because 974: 972:Madīnat as-Salām 968:romanized: 967: 965: 943: 942: 918:that existed in 895:in Afghanistan, 814: 804: 746:invasion of Iraq 669: 668: 667: 661: 655: 645: 643: 633: 627: 626: 623: 622: 619: 616: 613: 610: 607: 604: 592: 587: 586: 585: 584: 577: 574: 573: 570: 567: 564: 561: 558: 555: 538: 535: 510: 383:Caliph al-Mansur 342: 341: 339: 338: 337: 332: 328: 325: 324: 323: 320: 303: 289: 288: 282: 270: 269:Show map of Asia 256: 255: 249: 237: 236:Show map of Iraq 223: 222: 216: 188: 178: 138:Top-bottom, L-R: 131: 122: 111: 102: 91: 82: 71: 31: 30: 12600: 12599: 12595: 12594: 12593: 12591: 12590: 12589: 12560:Culture of Iraq 12510: 12509: 12508: 12503: 12502: 12497: 12194: 12189: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12148: 12091: 12090: 12033: 12032: 11967: 11966: 11909: 11908: 11837: 11831: 11801: 11796: 11776:Disputed. See: 11767: 11762: 11650:Northern Cyprus 11614: 11466: 11307: 11192: 11178: 11103: 11017: 11000: 10994: 10964: 10959: 10946: 10941: 10940: 10882: 10868: 10780: 10779: 10699: 10626: 10620: 10590: 10585: 10539: 10470: 10399: 10390: 10361: 10356: 10326: 10321: 10312: 10214: 10209: 10179: 10174: 10130:Hayy Al-Shurtta 10100:Raghiba Khatoun 9973: 9961: 9900: 9887: 9852: 9831: 9790:Wayback Machine 9773:Interactive map 9758:Wayback Machine 9742: 9695: 9673: 9651: 9645: 9638: 9634: 9620: 9614: 9607: 9603: 9584: 9579: 9577:Further reading 9574: 9573: 9563: 9561: 9552: 9551: 9547: 9540: 9526:"Sister Cities" 9522: 9518: 9508: 9506: 9497: 9496: 9492: 9482: 9480: 9465: 9461: 9451: 9449: 9448:on 14 June 2023 9436: 9435: 9431: 9421: 9419: 9411: 9410: 9406: 9396: 9394: 9385: 9384: 9380: 9370: 9368: 9357: 9353: 9343: 9341: 9328: 9327: 9323: 9308: 9306: 9291: 9287: 9276: 9272: 9262:Wayback Machine 9253: 9249: 9240:Wayback Machine 9231: 9227: 9216: 9212: 9205: 9183: 9179: 9169: 9167: 9150: 9149: 9142: 9132: 9130: 9115: 9111: 9101: 9099: 9086: 9085: 9081: 9071: 9069: 9068:on 27 June 2010 9060: 9059: 9055: 9036: 9035: 9031: 9021: 9019: 9006: 9005: 9001: 8991: 8989: 8980: 8979: 8975: 8966: 8962: 8945: 8941: 8928: 8924: 8915: 8914: 8910: 8900: 8898: 8888: 8884: 8876: 8872: 8871: 8867: 8857: 8855: 8845: 8841: 8832: 8831: 8827: 8817: 8815: 8802:"Iraqi Airways" 8800: 8799: 8795: 8785: 8783: 8782:on 17 July 2023 8768: 8764: 8754: 8752: 8739: 8738: 8734: 8724: 8722: 8713: 8712: 8708: 8698: 8696: 8681: 8677: 8667: 8665: 8650: 8646: 8639: 8635: 8625: 8623: 8608: 8607: 8603: 8593: 8591: 8578: 8577: 8573: 8563: 8561: 8546: 8542: 8532: 8530: 8515: 8508: 8498: 8496: 8481: 8477: 8464: 8463: 8459: 8449: 8447: 8439: 8438: 8434: 8424: 8422: 8413: 8412: 8408: 8398: 8396: 8387: 8386: 8382: 8372: 8370: 8360: 8356: 8346: 8344: 8334: 8330: 8320: 8318: 8309: 8308: 8304: 8294: 8292: 8284: 8283: 8276: 8266: 8264: 8254: 8250: 8240: 8238: 8228: 8224: 8214: 8212: 8211:. 27 March 2022 8203: 8202: 8198: 8188: 8186: 8181: 8180: 8176: 8166: 8164: 8157: 8156: 8152: 8142: 8140: 8132: 8131: 8127: 8117: 8115: 8102: 8101: 8097: 8090: 8076: 8072: 8062: 8060: 8052: 8051: 8047: 8037: 8035: 8027: 8026: 8022: 8012: 8010: 7999: 7995: 7994: 7990: 7980: 7978: 7967: 7963: 7962: 7958: 7948: 7946: 7937: 7936: 7932: 7922: 7920: 7905: 7901: 7891: 7889: 7880: 7879: 7875: 7865: 7863: 7855: 7854: 7845: 7835: 7833: 7825: 7824: 7820: 7810: 7808: 7804: 7793: 7789: 7788: 7784: 7771: 7770: 7766: 7756: 7754: 7745: 7744: 7740: 7730: 7728: 7719: 7718: 7714: 7704: 7702: 7693: 7692: 7688: 7678: 7676: 7661: 7657: 7647: 7645: 7636: 7635: 7631: 7621: 7619: 7610: 7609: 7605: 7595: 7593: 7580: 7579: 7575: 7565: 7563: 7554: 7553: 7549: 7539: 7537: 7528: 7527: 7523: 7513: 7511: 7502: 7501: 7497: 7487: 7485: 7478: 7474: 7473: 7469: 7459: 7457: 7444: 7443: 7439: 7423: 7422: 7415: 7413: 7402: 7398: 7388: 7386: 7373: 7372: 7368: 7358: 7356: 7339: 7335: 7325: 7323: 7310: 7309: 7305: 7295: 7293: 7292:on 11 July 2012 7280: 7279: 7272: 7262: 7260: 7256: 7255: 7251: 7241: 7239: 7230: 7229: 7225: 7215: 7213: 7202: 7193: 7188:. 30 June 2003. 7184: 7183: 7179: 7169: 7167: 7157: 7153: 7143: 7141: 7123: 7112: 7102: 7100: 7092: 7091: 7087: 7077: 7075: 7067: 7066: 7062: 7045: 7041: 7031: 7029: 7019: 7010: 6997: 6993: 6973: 6969: 6962: 6948: 6944: 6934: 6932: 6921: 6920: 6916: 6906: 6884: 6880: 6843: 6839: 6830: 6826: 6808:Wayback Machine 6797: 6793: 6775:Wayback Machine 6764: 6760: 6754:Wayback Machine 6745: 6741: 6731:Wayback Machine 6721: 6717: 6706: 6702: 6692: 6690: 6683: 6667: 6663: 6653: 6651: 6638: 6637: 6633: 6626: 6610: 6606: 6600:Wayback Machine 6591: 6587: 6578: 6574: 6565: 6558: 6549: 6545: 6537: 6533: 6518: 6514: 6509:Wayback Machine 6486:George Modelski 6484: 6480: 6471: 6458: 6451: 6437: 6433: 6428:Wayback Machine 6415: 6411: 6401: 6399: 6390: 6389: 6385: 6370: 6356: 6352: 6345: 6323: 6319: 6309: 6307: 6303: 6254: 6248: 6244: 6234: 6232: 6225:Humanities West 6217: 6213: 6198: 6180: 6176: 6125: 6124: 6120: 6113: 6091: 6087: 6068: 6064: 6046: 6032: 6028: 6017: 5995: 5991: 5981:Wayback Machine 5972: 5965: 5956: 5949: 5942: 5928: 5924: 5910: 5906: 5899: 5885: 5881: 5873: 5869: 5859: 5857: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5835: 5828: 5820: 5816: 5811: 5807: 5797: 5795: 5786: 5785: 5781: 5773: 5769: 5758: 5754: 5746: 5742: 5738:Battuta, pg. 75 5737: 5733: 5726: 5710: 5706: 5699: 5677: 5673: 5666: 5644: 5640: 5632: 5628: 5615: 5614: 5610: 5599: 5595: 5580: 5564: 5560: 5509: 5505: 5495: 5493: 5478: 5477: 5473: 5463: 5461: 5460:on 13 July 2012 5452: 5451: 5447: 5432: 5416: 5412: 5361: 5357: 5347: 5345: 5338: 5322: 5318: 5308: 5306: 5299: 5279: 5275: 5265: 5263: 5248: 5234: 5233: 5229: 5219: 5217: 5210: 5202:. BRILL. 1987. 5196: 5195: 5191: 5181: 5179: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5160: 5156: 5151: 5147: 5137: 5135: 5126: 5125: 5121: 5116: 5112: 5105: 5081: 5077: 5064: 5062: 5049: 5048: 5044: 5025: 5006: 4996: 4994: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4974:Wayback Machine 4965: 4961: 4955: 4947: 4945: 4884: 4880: 4870:Wayback Machine 4861: 4857: 4843: 4841: 4827: 4826: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4786: 4784: 4780: 4779: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4752: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4737: 4724: 4720: 4715: 4677: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4650: 4637: 4624: 4621: 4504: 4498: 4491: 4486: 4477: 4475:Al-Salam Palace 4472: 4463: 4461:Al-Zawra'a Park 4458: 4449: 4444: 4435: 4433:Baghdadi Museum 4430: 4421: 4416: 4226:zoological park 4191: 4108:Ilham al-Madfai 4039: 4029:Culture of Iraq 4025: 3973: 3935:House of Wisdom 3931: 3887: 3881: 3859: 3727:Baghdadi Museum 3691: 3684: 3678: 3669: 3664: 3655: 3650: 3641: 3636: 3627: 3622: 3512: 3506: 3470: 3465: 3441:Falastin Street 3412:Al-Qanat Street 3364:Damascus Square 3360:Damascus Street 3313: 3312: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3285: 3283:Notable streets 3280: 3251:Raghiba Khatoun 3226:Hayy Al-Shurtta 3013: 3007: 3002: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2286: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2272: 2241: 2229:Qasem Soleimani 2143:fall of Baghdad 2117:Baghdad in 2022 2036:Anglo-Iraqi War 2005:Kingdom of Iraq 1978: 1972:Kingdom of Iraq 1964: 1957: 1954: 1945: 1942:Baghdad Vilayet 1939: 1930: 1924: 1846: 1840:Baghdad Vilayet 1832: 1592:(945–1055) and 1553: 1461:Arab Christians 1378:Mongol invasion 1363: 1357: 1268:Carsten Niebuhr 1151:Naubakht Ahvazi 1105:Seleucid Empire 1074:Harun al-Rashid 1014: 1009: 1002: 996: 781: 700:House of Wisdom 663: 662: 631: 601: 597: 590: 580: 579: 552: 548: 536: 531: 523: 504: 335: 333: 329: 326: 321: 318: 316: 314: 313: 307: 306: 305: 304: 301: 300: 299:Baghdad (Earth) 297: 296: 295: 294: 290: 273: 272: 271: 268: 267: 264: 263: 262: 261: 257: 240: 239: 238: 235: 234: 231: 230: 229: 228: 224: 202: 199:Nickname: 194: 193: 192: 191: 182: 181: 166: 161: 153: 145: 139: 136: 135: 134: 133: 132: 124: 123: 114: 113: 112: 104: 103: 94: 93: 92: 84: 83: 74: 73: 72: 52: 39: 36: 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12598: 12588: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12540:Cities in Iraq 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12505: 12504: 12499: 12498: 12496: 12495: 12485: 12475: 12465: 12455: 12445: 12435: 12425: 12415: 12405: 12395: 12385: 12375: 12365: 12352: 12339: 12326: 12313: 12300: 12290: 12280: 12270: 12260: 12250: 12240: 12230: 12220: 12210: 12199: 12196: 12195: 12188: 12187: 12180: 12173: 12165: 12156: 12155: 12151: 12150: 12147: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12101: 12095: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12088: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12051:Rio de Janeiro 12048: 12043: 12037: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12030: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12001: 11996: 11991: 11986: 11977: 11971: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11964: 11959: 11954: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11934: 11929: 11924: 11919: 11913: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11867: 11862: 11857: 11851: 11850: 11848: 11842: 11839: 11838: 11830: 11829: 11822: 11815: 11807: 11798: 11797: 11782:Cyprus dispute 11772: 11769: 11768: 11764: 11763: 11761: 11760: 11749: 11733: 11722: 11711: 11695: 11684: 11673: 11656: 11640: 11629: 11617: 11615: 11613: 11612: 11601: 11590: 11576: 11558: 11547: 11536: 11525: 11514: 11503: 11492: 11481: 11469: 11467: 11465: 11464: 11446: 11435: 11428: 11417: 11406: 11395: 11384: 11373: 11362: 11344: 11333: 11322: 11310: 11308: 11306: 11305: 11294: 11283: 11272: 11261: 11250: 11239: 11228: 11217: 11195: 11193: 11191: 11190: 11174: 11173: 11172: 11161: 11150: 11137: 11126: 11115: 11099: 11098: 11097: 11086: 11075: 11064: 11053: 11041: 11038: 11037: 11034: 11033:Southeast Asia 11031: 11028: 11022: 11019: 11018: 11005: 11002: 11001: 10993: 10992: 10985: 10978: 10970: 10961: 10960: 10958: 10957: 10951: 10948: 10947: 10943: 10942: 10939: 10938: 10927: 10916: 10905: 10894: 10883: 10881: 10880: 10869: 10853: 10851: 10840: 10829: 10818: 10807: 10796: 10784: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10777: 10766: 10755: 10744: 10733: 10722: 10711: 10700: 10698: 10697: 10683: 10680: 10679: 10668: 10657: 10645: 10644: 10641: 10640: 10637: 10631: 10628: 10627: 10624:Arab countries 10619: 10618: 10611: 10604: 10596: 10587: 10586: 10584: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10547: 10545: 10541: 10540: 10538: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10504: 10501: 10498: 10493: 10490: 10487: 10484: 10480: 10478: 10472: 10471: 10469: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10407: 10405: 10401: 10400: 10393: 10391: 10389: 10388: 10382: 10376: 10369: 10367: 10363: 10362: 10355: 10354: 10347: 10340: 10332: 10323: 10322: 10315: 10313: 10311: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10219: 10216: 10215: 10208: 10207: 10200: 10193: 10185: 10176: 10175: 10173: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10070:Hayy Al-Jami'a 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10015:Bab Al-Moatham 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9985:Hayy Al-A'amel 9981: 9979: 9975: 9974: 9964: 9962: 9960: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9908: 9906: 9905:Main districts 9902: 9901: 9886: 9885: 9878: 9871: 9863: 9857: 9854: 9853: 9844: 9843: 9828: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9751:Map of Baghdad 9748: 9741: 9740:External links 9738: 9737: 9736: 9721: 9718: 9715: 9712: 9709: 9702: 9699: 9693: 9680: 9677: 9672: 9669: 9668: 9667: 9655: 9652:(11.3 MB) 9624: 9621:(7.53 MB) 9592:Garden of Eden 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9572: 9571: 9545: 9538: 9516: 9490: 9459: 9429: 9404: 9378: 9351: 9321: 9285: 9270: 9247: 9225: 9210: 9203: 9177: 9140: 9109: 9079: 9053: 9029: 8999: 8973: 8960: 8939: 8922: 8908: 8882: 8865: 8839: 8836:. TheGuardian. 8825: 8814:on 18 May 2008 8793: 8776:www.flypgs.com 8762: 8732: 8717:. Iraqi News. 8715:"Baghdad Gate" 8706: 8675: 8644: 8633: 8601: 8571: 8540: 8506: 8475: 8457: 8432: 8406: 8380: 8354: 8328: 8302: 8274: 8248: 8222: 8196: 8174: 8150: 8125: 8095: 8088: 8070: 8045: 8020: 7988: 7956: 7930: 7899: 7873: 7843: 7818: 7782: 7764: 7738: 7712: 7686: 7655: 7629: 7603: 7573: 7547: 7521: 7495: 7467: 7437: 7396: 7366: 7333: 7303: 7270: 7249: 7223: 7191: 7177: 7151: 7110: 7085: 7073:www.awm.gov.au 7060: 7039: 7008: 6991: 6975:Martin Gilbert 6967: 6960: 6942: 6914: 6904: 6878: 6857:(3): 375–417. 6837: 6824: 6791: 6758: 6739: 6735:The New Yorker 6715: 6700: 6681: 6661: 6631: 6624: 6604: 6585: 6572: 6556: 6543: 6531: 6528:. p. 116. 6512: 6478: 6456: 6449: 6431: 6409: 6383: 6368: 6350: 6343: 6317: 6242: 6211: 6196: 6174: 6118: 6111: 6085: 6062: 6044: 6026: 6015: 5989: 5963: 5947: 5940: 5922: 5904: 5897: 5879: 5867: 5841: 5826: 5814: 5805: 5779: 5767: 5752: 5740: 5731: 5724: 5704: 5697: 5671: 5664: 5638: 5626: 5608: 5593: 5578: 5558: 5529:10.1086/373442 5503: 5471: 5445: 5430: 5410: 5381:10.1086/373442 5355: 5336: 5316: 5297: 5273: 5246: 5227: 5208: 5189: 5163: 5154: 5145: 5119: 5110: 5103: 5075: 5042: 5004: 4978: 4976:, Mongabay.com 4959: 4905:10.1.1.88.4036 4878: 4855: 4820: 4794: 4773: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4666: 4663: 4662: 4661: 4648: 4635: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4608: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4590: 4584: 4583: 4578: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4563: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4497: 4494: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4480: 4478: 4473: 4466: 4464: 4459: 4452: 4450: 4445: 4438: 4436: 4431: 4424: 4422: 4419:Abbasid Palace 4417: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4395:Brazilian Café 4391:al-Zahawi Café 4375: 4356:Sassoon Eskell 4344: 4337: 4319: 4316:Tentative list 4278: 4277: 4274:Saddam Hussein 4259: 4245: 4219: 4208: 4190: 4187: 4166:and relics of 4033:Baghdad Arabic 4024: 4021: 4020: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3972: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3965:nihonjin gakko 3961: 3958: 3930: 3927: 3883:Main article: 3880: 3877: 3858: 3857:Transportation 3855: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3685: 3679: 3672: 3670: 3667:Khilani Mosque 3665: 3658: 3656: 3651: 3644: 3642: 3637: 3630: 3628: 3623: 3616: 3610:Most Holy Book 3570:Musa al-Kadhim 3534:following the 3520:Iraqi Shi'ites 3505: 3502: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3460: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3443: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3384: 3379: 3370: 3357: 3347: 3334: 3331:Caliphs Street 3328: 3319: 3305: 3298: 3297: 3296: 3295: 3294: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3210: 3208:Hayy Al-A'amel 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3188:Hayy Al-Jami'a 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3169: 3168: 3161:Bab Al-Moatham 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3101: 3093: 3092: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3045: 3006: 3003: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2993: 2985: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2938: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2896:sunshine hours 2891: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2725: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2331: 2330: 2324: 2288:Baghdad has a 2285: 2282: 2274: 2273: 2266: 2265: 2264: 2240: 2237: 2171:house burnings 2096:Saddam Hussein 2083:infrastructure 1976:Mandatory Iraq 1963: 1960: 1959: 1958: 1955: 1948: 1946: 1940: 1933: 1931: 1927:Baghdad Eyalet 1925: 1918: 1904:Ali Rıza Pasha 1854:Ottoman Empire 1836:Baghdad Eyalet 1831: 1828: 1800:was driven out 1735:), during the 1552: 1549: 1538:Mustansiriyah 1495:Arabian Nights 1356: 1353: 1316: 1315: 1260: 1259: 1208:history museum 1204:Baghdad Museum 1013: 1010: 998:Main article: 995: 992: 920:Old Babylonian 815:) "given". In 793:Middle Persian 780: 777: 540: 539: 529: 525: 524: 522:10001 to 10090 521: 519: 515: 514: 513:(Not Observed) 511: 501: 500: 490: 484: 483: 480: 474: 473: 468: 464: 463: 460: 456: 455: 451: 450: 447: 443: 442: 439: 435: 434: 430: 429: 426: 419: 418: 415: 411: 410: 405: 401: 400: 396: 395: 390: 386: 385: 380: 376: 375: 374:30 July 762 AD 372: 368: 367: 362: 356: 355: 350: 344: 343: 309: 308: 298: 292: 291: 284: 283: 277: 276: 275: 274: 266:Baghdad (Asia) 265: 259: 258: 251: 250: 244: 243: 242: 241: 232: 226: 225: 218: 217: 211: 210: 209: 208: 207: 204: 203: 200: 196: 195: 189: 183: 179: 173: 172: 171: 168: 167: 159:Sassoon Eskell 137: 126: 125: 117: 116: 115: 106: 105: 97: 96: 95: 86: 85: 77: 76: 75: 66: 65: 64: 63: 62: 59: 58: 54: 53: 44: 41: 40: 34: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12597: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12517: 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10374: 10371: 10370: 10368: 10364: 10360: 10353: 10348: 10346: 10341: 10339: 10334: 10333: 10330: 10319: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10220: 10217: 10213: 10206: 10201: 10199: 10194: 10192: 10187: 10186: 10183: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10165:Al-Za'franiya 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10020:Bab Al-Sharqi 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9982: 9980: 9978:Neighborhoods 9976: 9970:Baghdad above 9968: 9958: 9957:Al-Za'franiya 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9894:neighborhoods 9891: 9884: 9879: 9877: 9872: 9870: 9865: 9864: 9861: 9855: 9848: 9842: 9841:OpenStreetMap 9838: 9829: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9787: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9755: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9743: 9734: 9730: 9727:. Princeton. 9726: 9722: 9719: 9716: 9713: 9710: 9707: 9706:Gertrude Bell 9703: 9700: 9696: 9690: 9686: 9681: 9678: 9675: 9674: 9665: 9664: 9659: 9656: 9644: 9637: 9636:"layered PDF" 9632: 9628: 9625: 9613: 9606: 9605:"layered PDF" 9601: 9597: 9593: 9589: 9586: 9585: 9559: 9555: 9549: 9541: 9535: 9531: 9527: 9520: 9504: 9500: 9494: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9463: 9447: 9443: 9439: 9433: 9418: 9414: 9408: 9392: 9388: 9382: 9366: 9362: 9355: 9339: 9335: 9331: 9325: 9318: 9304: 9300: 9296: 9289: 9282:. p. 29. 9281: 9274: 9267: 9263: 9259: 9256: 9251: 9244: 9241: 9237: 9234: 9229: 9221: 9214: 9206: 9200: 9196: 9191: 9190: 9181: 9165: 9161: 9157: 9155: 9147: 9145: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9113: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9083: 9067: 9063: 9057: 9049: 9045: 9044: 9039: 9033: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9003: 8987: 8983: 8977: 8970: 8964: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8943: 8936: 8932: 8926: 8918: 8912: 8897: 8893: 8886: 8875: 8869: 8854: 8853:www.zawya.com 8850: 8843: 8835: 8829: 8813: 8809: 8808: 8803: 8797: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8766: 8750: 8746: 8742: 8736: 8720: 8716: 8710: 8694: 8690: 8686: 8679: 8663: 8659: 8655: 8648: 8642: 8637: 8621: 8617: 8616: 8611: 8605: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8575: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8544: 8528: 8524: 8520: 8513: 8511: 8494: 8490: 8486: 8479: 8471: 8467: 8461: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8420: 8416: 8410: 8394: 8390: 8384: 8369: 8365: 8358: 8343: 8339: 8332: 8316: 8312: 8306: 8291: 8287: 8281: 8279: 8263: 8259: 8252: 8237: 8233: 8226: 8210: 8206: 8200: 8184: 8178: 8163: 8160: 8154: 8139: 8138:www.citeco.fr 8135: 8129: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8099: 8091: 8085: 8081: 8074: 8059: 8055: 8049: 8034: 8030: 8024: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7992: 7976: 7972: 7968: 7960: 7944: 7940: 7934: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7903: 7887: 7883: 7882:"Faili kurds" 7877: 7862: 7858: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7832: 7828: 7822: 7803: 7799: 7792: 7786: 7778: 7774: 7768: 7752: 7748: 7742: 7726: 7722: 7716: 7700: 7696: 7690: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7659: 7643: 7639: 7633: 7617: 7613: 7607: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7577: 7561: 7557: 7551: 7535: 7531: 7525: 7509: 7505: 7499: 7484: 7477: 7471: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7441: 7433: 7427: 7411: 7407: 7400: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7370: 7354: 7350: 7349: 7344: 7337: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7277: 7275: 7259: 7253: 7237: 7233: 7227: 7211: 7207: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7187: 7181: 7166: 7165:Baltimore Sun 7162: 7155: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7099: 7095: 7089: 7074: 7070: 7064: 7057: 7053: 7050:. Princeton. 7049: 7043: 7028: 7024: 7017: 7015: 7013: 7004: 7003: 6995: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6971: 6963: 6957: 6953: 6946: 6930: 6926: 6925: 6918: 6911: 6907: 6901: 6897: 6892: 6891: 6882: 6874: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6841: 6834: 6828: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6809: 6805: 6802: 6795: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6776: 6772: 6769: 6762: 6755: 6751: 6748: 6743: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6725: 6722:Ian Frazier, 6719: 6711: 6704: 6688: 6684: 6678: 6674: 6673: 6665: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6635: 6627: 6621: 6617: 6616: 6608: 6601: 6597: 6594: 6589: 6582: 6576: 6569: 6563: 6561: 6553: 6547: 6540: 6535: 6527: 6523: 6516: 6510: 6506: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6482: 6475: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6452: 6446: 6442: 6435: 6429: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6413: 6397: 6393: 6387: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6365: 6361: 6354: 6346: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6321: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6253: 6246: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6215: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6178: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6122: 6114: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6089: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6066: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6041: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6018: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5993: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5970: 5968: 5960: 5954: 5952: 5943: 5937: 5933: 5926: 5919: 5915: 5914: 5908: 5900: 5894: 5890: 5883: 5877:, p. 15. 5876: 5871: 5855: 5851: 5845: 5838: 5833: 5831: 5823: 5818: 5809: 5793: 5789: 5783: 5777:, p. 12. 5776: 5771: 5763: 5756: 5750:, p. 13. 5749: 5744: 5735: 5727: 5721: 5717: 5716: 5708: 5700: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5675: 5667: 5661: 5657: 5652: 5651: 5642: 5635: 5630: 5622: 5618: 5612: 5604: 5597: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5575: 5571: 5570: 5562: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5507: 5491: 5487: 5486: 5485:Google Ejabat 5481: 5475: 5459: 5455: 5449: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5427: 5423: 5422: 5414: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5359: 5343: 5339: 5333: 5329: 5328: 5320: 5304: 5300: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5285: 5277: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5243: 5239: 5238: 5231: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5193: 5177: 5173: 5167: 5158: 5149: 5133: 5129: 5123: 5114: 5106: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5087: 5079: 5072: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5046: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 4992: 4988: 4982: 4975: 4971: 4968: 4963: 4956:(110 KB) 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4882: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4864: 4859: 4853: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4824: 4808: 4804: 4798: 4783: 4777: 4761: 4757: 4750: 4746: 4732: 4728: 4722: 4718: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4669: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4647:, North Korea 4646: 4641: 4636: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4622: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4518:(Air Force), 4517: 4513: 4509: 4503: 4502:Sport in Iraq 4490: 4489:Al-Faw Palace 4484: 4479: 4476: 4470: 4465: 4462: 4456: 4451: 4448: 4442: 4437: 4434: 4428: 4423: 4420: 4414: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4340:Firdos Square 4338: 4335: 4331: 4330:Al-Aʿẓamiyyah 4327: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4284:Qushla Square 4282: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4266:Iran–Iraq War 4263: 4260: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4193: 4192: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4092:Nizar Qabbani 4089: 4085: 4076: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4055: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3974: 3966: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3945:in 1963. The 3944: 3940: 3936: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3907:Deutsche Bank 3903: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3886: 3885:Baghdad Metro 3876: 3874: 3870: 3869:Iraqi Airways 3866: 3864: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3823:Iraqi-British 3820: 3815: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3747: 3739: 3735: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3715:Iraq-Iran war 3707: 3703: 3695: 3682: 3676: 3671: 3668: 3662: 3657: 3654: 3648: 3643: 3640: 3634: 3629: 3626: 3620: 3615: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3581: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3566:Shi'ite Imams 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3532:2013–2017 war 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3452:Akhrot street 3450: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3407:Thawra Street 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3289: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3203:Hayy Al-Jihad 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3173:Al-Za'franiya 3171: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3156:Al-Mahmudiyah 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3032:sub-districts 3029: 3022: 3017: 3012: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2939: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894:Mean monthly 2892: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2731: 2730:precipitation 2726: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2317: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2276: 2270: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2167:death threats 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2151:Firdos Square 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2115: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2092:Iran–Iraq War 2089: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1922: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1807: 1805: 1804:Ahmad Jalayir 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1788:Ahmad Jalayir 1785: 1781: 1777: 1769: 1765: 1764:Central Asian 1761: 1757: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1618:Buyid dynasty 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1572: 1568: 1561: 1557: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1541: 1535: 1534:Nizam al-Mulk 1531: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1428: 1427:Baytul-Hikmah 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1372: 1369:Courtyard of 1367: 1362: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1343:, a Jew from 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1329:Arabic script 1326: 1322: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1269: 1264: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1254: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1194: 1189: 1185: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1112: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1007: 1001: 991: 989: 984: 982: 978: 973: 961: 956: 954: 950: 945: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 908: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 845: 840: 836: 833: 829: 826: 822: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 794: 789: 787: 776: 774: 770: 765: 763: 762:Islamic State 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 734:Iran–Iraq War 730: 728: 724: 720: 716: 715:Mongol Empire 712: 708: 703: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 666: 660: 654: 648: 639: 635: 634: 625: 595: 594: 583: 576: 546: 534: 530: 526: 520: 516: 512: 508: 502: 498: 494: 491: 489: 485: 481: 479: 475: 472: 469: 465: 461: 457: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 431: 427: 425: 422: • 420: 416: 412: 409: 408:Mayor–council 406: 402: 397: 394: 391: 387: 384: 381: 377: 373: 369: 366: 363: 361: 357: 354: 351: 349: 345: 340: 312:Coordinates: 310: 281: 248: 215: 205: 197: 187: 177: 169: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 143: 130: 121: 110: 101: 90: 81: 70: 60: 55: 51: 47: 42: 32: 26: 22: 12387: 12247:Saudi Arabia 11980:Johannesburg 11962:Buenos Aires 11773: 11751: 11746: 11741: 11735: 11724: 11713: 11708: 11703: 11697: 11686: 11682:Saudi Arabia 11675: 11670: 11664: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11642: 11631: 11620: 11603: 11592: 11587: 11578: 11566: 11560: 11549: 11538: 11527: 11516: 11506: 11505: 11494: 11483: 11472: 11454: 11448: 11437: 11430: 11419: 11408: 11397: 11388:Kuala Lumpur 11386: 11375: 11364: 11352: 11346: 11335: 11324: 11313: 11296: 11285: 11274: 11263: 11252: 11241: 11230: 11219: 11214: 11204: 11198: 11181: 11175: 11163: 11152: 11145: 11139: 11128: 11117: 11106: 11100: 11088: 11077: 11066: 11055: 11051:Turkmenistan 11044: 11027:Central Asia 11014: 10929: 10925:Saudi Arabia 10918: 10907: 10896: 10885: 10872: 10862:(proclaimed) 10856: 10842: 10831: 10820: 10810: 10809: 10798: 10787: 10768: 10757: 10746: 10735: 10724: 10713: 10702: 10692: 10686: 10670: 10659: 10648: 10622:Capitals of 10450: 10303:Sulaymaniyah 10065:Haydar-Khana 10045:Haifa Street 9990:Al-A'amiriya 9897: 9724: 9684: 9661: 9643:the original 9612:the original 9562:. Retrieved 9557: 9548: 9529: 9519: 9507:. Retrieved 9503:cairo.gov.eg 9502: 9493: 9481:. Retrieved 9472: 9462: 9450:. Retrieved 9446:the original 9441: 9432: 9420:. Retrieved 9416: 9407: 9395:. Retrieved 9390: 9381: 9369:. Retrieved 9364: 9354: 9342:. Retrieved 9333: 9324: 9307:. Retrieved 9298: 9288: 9279: 9278:al-Aadhamy. 9273: 9265: 9250: 9242: 9228: 9222:, p. 29 9219: 9213: 9188: 9180: 9168:. Retrieved 9153: 9131:. Retrieved 9127:the original 9122: 9112: 9100:. Retrieved 9096:the original 9091: 9082: 9070:. Retrieved 9066:the original 9056: 9048:the original 9041: 9032: 9020:. Retrieved 9011: 9002: 8990:. Retrieved 8976: 8963: 8942: 8925: 8911: 8899:. Retrieved 8895: 8885: 8868: 8856:. Retrieved 8852: 8842: 8828: 8816:. Retrieved 8812:the original 8805: 8796: 8784:. Retrieved 8780:the original 8775: 8765: 8753:. Retrieved 8749:the original 8744: 8735: 8723:. Retrieved 8709: 8697:. Retrieved 8688: 8678: 8666:. Retrieved 8657: 8647: 8636: 8624:. Retrieved 8613: 8604: 8592:. 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Retrieved 4760:the original 4749: 4721: 4603:Al-Talaba SC 4588:Al-Zawraa SC 4573:Al-Shorta SC 4532:horse racing 4505: 4360:Salima Pasha 4333: 4329: 4252:Victory Arch 4216:Al-Mutanabbi 4172: 4136: 4127: 4115: 4081: 3971:Universities 3932: 3904: 3900: 3888: 3867: 3860: 3819:Ferris wheel 3816: 3796: 3752: 3712: 3700: 3598:Baha'i Faith 3582: 3577: 3540: 3513: 3471: 3463:Demographics 3382:Rabia Street 3377:Al-Mutanabbi 3362:– goes from 3317:Haifa Street 3221:Haydar-Khana 3111:Al-A'amiriya 3096: 3094: 3025: 2732:mm (inches) 2320: 2313: 2305:Persian Gulf 2296: 2287: 2242: 2213:January 2021 2209:January 2018 2183: 2120: 2075:'Abd al-Ilah 2071:Nuri al-Said 2052: 2040:power vacuum 2009: 1990: 1897: 1856:. Under the 1847: 1816:Kara Koyunlu 1808: 1773: 1741:Al-Musta'sim 1733:Genghis Khan 1722: 1704: 1698: 1680: 1677:al-Mustansir 1626: 1594:Seljuk Turks 1576: 1545:Al-Mustansir 1539: 1525: 1513: 1509:caravanserai 1494: 1488: 1437:al-Khwarizmi 1425: 1387: 1371:Mustansiriya 1317: 1273: 1249: 1229:urban design 1213: 1178: 1136: 1117: 1090: 1079: 1031: 1026:J. P. 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See also 5856:(in Arabic) 5621:Times Books 5138:16 December 4679:Iraq portal 4536:World War I 4534:ever since 4383:Umm Kulthum 4322:A'dhamiyyah 4238:Paul Bremer 4230:Middle East 4222:Baghdad Zoo 4207:'s command. 4124:Reuven Snir 4120:Middle Ages 4096:Umm Kulthum 3894:and French 3759:Fly Baghdad 3723:Iraq Museum 3719:US invasion 3602:Baháʼu'lláh 3594:Baháʼu'lláh 3478:Feyli Kurds 3276:Al-Wazireya 3236:Jesr Diyala 3198:Al Khadhraa 3146:Al-Sa'adoon 3089:New Baghdad 2309:dust storms 2197:another war 2163:kidnappings 2129:. In 2003, 2032:Abd al-Ilah 1997:World War I 1891:and then a 1614:Tughril Beg 1602:Oghuz Turks 1505:Khan Murjan 1292:their gates 1206:is a local 1181:Abu Hanifah 1166:Iranian Jew 1158:Zoroastrian 1147:astrologers 1120:Ibn Battuta 1044:capital of 930:), and the 853:Mithridates 849:New Persian 817:Old Persian 786:Mesopotamia 732:During the 537:(in Arabic) 518:Postal code 471:1st in Iraq 371:Established 360:Governorate 334: / 157:• House of 155:Iraq Museum 151:Karim Qasim 12514:Categories 12448:Port Sudan 11737:Tskhinvali 11523:Azerbaijan 11421:Phnom Penh 11342:East Timor 11226:Bangladesh 11176:North Asia 11095:Uzbekistan 11084:Tajikistan 11073:Kyrgyzstan 11062:Kazakhstan 11030:South Asia 10878:(de facto) 10742:Mauritania 10737:Nouakchott 10694:Somaliland 10525:Little Zab 10411:Diyarbakır 10387:(1,377 km) 10359:The Tigris 10293:Qadisiyyah 10150:Al-Washash 10125:Al-Shu'ala 10115:Al-Saydiya 10110:Saba Abkar 10060:Al-Jadriya 10010:Arab Jibor 9995:Abu Disher 9344:27 January 9243:Al-Jazeera 9154:The Choice 9022:25 January 8818:7 February 8419:Iraqi News 8262:Al Jazeera 8118:31 January 7831:Britannica 7389:26 October 7286:archive.is 7242:21 January 6378:1021808136 6235:5 February 5854:الجزيرة نت 5619:. London: 5266:19 October 5256:1025754805 5065:21 October 4892:The Lancet 4741:References 4514:(Police), 4500:See also: 4403:shanasheel 4027:See also: 3827:Zaha Hadid 3825:architect 3683:in Baghdad 3543:Christians 3508:See also: 3500:pilgrims. 3391:Mosul Road 3322:Hilla Road 3271:Al-Washash 3256:Arab Jibor 3241:Abu Disher 3216:Al-Hurriya 3151:Al-Shu'ala 3141:Al-Saydiya 3126:Al-Jadriya 3052:Green Zone 3009:See also: 3005:Governance 2988:Source 1: 2257:quaternary 2193:insurgency 2177:and other 2055:Iraqi Army 2048:Avi Shlaim 2013:Rashid Ali 1966:See also: 1962:Modern era 1834:See also: 1820:Ak Koyunlu 1806:returned. 1753:irrigation 1610:Ghaznavids 1453:Nestorians 1406:philosophy 1301:embrasures 1253:al-Qaskhun 1128:Abu Hanifa 1093:Salman Pak 1012:Foundation 750:insurgency 454:Population 399:Government 379:Founded by 322:44°21′58″E 319:33°18′55″N 142:Green Zone 50:Metropolis 12458:Bethlehem 12342:Jerusalem 12119:Hyderabad 12071:Zhengzhou 12046:Chongqing 11989:Bangalore 11922:São Paulo 11870:Guangzhou 11666:Palestine 11580:Jerusalem 11474:Abu Dhabi 11461:Australia 11439:Vientiane 11432:Singapore 11410:Naypyidaw 11382:Indonesia 11359:Australia 11292:Sri Lanka 11276:New Delhi 11254:Kathmandu 11232:Islamabad 11119:Pyongyang 11101:East Asia 11036:West Asia 10866:Palestine 10858:Jerusalem 10789:Abu Dhabi 10715:Mogadishu 10520:Great Zab 10446:Kadhimiya 10421:Hasankeyf 10366:Countries 10090:Al-Maidan 10050:Al-Hebnaa 10040:Ghazaliya 10035:Al-Fathel 9952:Sadr City 9942:Al-Rashid 9917:Kadhimiya 9912:Adhamiyah 9890:Districts 9442:عراقٌ انا 8956:Bundestag 8770:Pegasus. 8564:5 October 8533:27 August 8499:5 October 8209:France 24 7857:"Baghdad" 7669:USA Today 7586:USA Today 7139:0261-3077 6873:1360-2365 6815:. p.651. 6281:0892-6638 6161:0028-0836 6054:914334282 5875:Wiet 1971 5798:5 October 5775:Wiet 1971 5748:Wiet 1971 5718:. BRILL. 5553:161165836 5537:0022-2968 5405:161165836 5389:0022-2968 5289:Routledge 5220:4 October 4922:0140-6736 4900:CiteSeerX 4863:"Baghdad" 4766:23 August 4687:Iraqi art 4645:Pyongyang 4524:Al-Talaba 4520:Al-Zawraa 4512:Al-Shorta 4294:al-Rusafa 4164:artifacts 4147:sanctions 3929:Education 3787:Honeywell 3590:Kadhimiya 3578:Kādhimayn 3524:civil war 3490:Armenians 3468:Ethnicity 3261:Al-Fathel 3246:Al-Maidan 3212:Hayy Aoor 3131:Al-Hebnaa 3106:Ghazaliya 3097:selection 3079:Al Rashid 3073:Sadr City 3063:Kadhimiya 3043:Adhamiyah 3028:districts 2239:Geography 2201:low-level 2179:insurgent 2159:Assyrians 2067:Faisal II 1812:Jalayirid 1786:. Sultan 1776:Ilkhanate 1665:Tamerlane 1590:Buwayhids 1579:Caliphate 1530:Nezamiyeh 1517:Al-Ma'mun 1473:Al-Tabari 1469:Mu'tazili 1422:Al-Ma'mun 1418:Al-Mansur 1410:education 1341:Mashallah 1333:Al-Mansur 1321:esplanade 1309:quicklime 1162:Mashallah 1060:Barmakids 1053:Al-Mansur 1046:Ctesiphon 960:al-Mansur 936:Baghdatha 839:Mithradāt 711:destroyed 647:romanized 493:UTC+03:00 488:Time zone 462:7,921,134 446:Elevation 389:Districts 12329:Damascus 12293:Khartoum 12139:Surabaya 12129:Hangzhou 12086:Dongguan 12024:Kinshasa 12014:Istanbul 11984:Pretoria 11957:Shenzhen 11927:New York 11889:Shanghai 11705:Abkhazia 11660:Ramallah 11540:Damascus 11426:Cambodia 11393:Malaysia 11331:Thailand 11270:Maldives 11237:Pakistan 11170:Mongolia 11090:Tashkent 11079:Dushanbe 11046:Ashgabat 10997:Capitals 10874:Ramallah 10833:Damascus 10704:Khartoum 10688:Hargeisa 10677:Djibouti 10672:Djibouti 10375:(523 km) 10278:Muthanna 10145:Utafiyah 10135:Al-Ubedy 10080:Al-Jihad 9786:Archived 9754:Archived 9582:Articles 9477:Archived 9338:Archived 9334:Newsweek 9303:Archived 9258:Archived 9236:Archived 9164:Archived 9072:27 April 9016:Archived 8986:Archived 8719:Archived 8693:Archived 8689:dawn.com 8662:Archived 8658:Westword 8620:Archived 8584:Sky News 8558:Archived 8527:Archived 8523:NBC News 8493:Archived 8466:"ARCADD" 8112:Archived 8013:27 April 7981:27 April 7917:Archived 7913:BBC News 7811:14 April 7791:"PowWeb" 7757:27 April 7731:27 April 7725:Archived 7705:27 April 7679:26 April 7673:Archived 7648:27 April 7622:27 April 7616:Archived 7596:22 April 7590:Archived 7566:27 April 7560:Archived 7508:Archived 7488:2 August 7454:Archived 7426:cite web 7416:27 April 7383:Archived 7353:Archived 7320:Archived 7236:Archived 7210:Archived 6929:Archived 6804:Archived 6782:. p.99. 6771:Archived 6750:Archived 6727:Archived 6687:Archived 6648:Archived 6596:Archived 6505:Archived 6424:Archived 6402:27 April 6396:Archived 6301:Archived 6297:40960150 6289:16873881 6229:Archived 6206:71581787 6169:47244046 5977:Archived 5920:, p.413. 5860:29 April 5588:43521617 5496:27 April 5464:27 April 5440:43521617 5342:Archived 5303:Archived 5260:Archived 5214:Archived 5176:Archived 5132:Archived 5059:Archived 4991:Archived 4970:Archived 4942:Archived 4938:23673934 4930:17055943 4866:Archived 4807:Archived 4665:See also 4549:Founded 4393:and the 4306:George V 4254:and the 4179:AFN Iraq 4151:comedies 3851:her firm 3831:Istanbul 3809:and the 3779:SalamAir 3555:Mandeans 3504:Religion 3266:Al-Ubedy 3166:Al-Baya' 3075:(Thawra) 2941:Average 2936:3,240.9 2846:Average 2728:Average 2493:(104.5) 2488:(112.1) 2483:(112.5) 2478:(108.0) 2443:(125.2) 2428:(104.4) 2423:(119.1) 2418:(122.0) 2413:(125.2) 2408:(121.3) 2403:(116.1) 2398:(107.6) 2301:humidity 2260:alluvial 2190:Islamist 2186:Iraq War 2175:al-Qaeda 2123:Gulf War 2108:Tehran's 2057:, under 2023:and pro- 1869:Safavids 1858:Ottomans 1850:captured 1796:Sarbadar 1673:Ismailis 1669:Fatimids 1465:Al-Jahiz 1445:Persians 1441:Al-Kindi 1402:medicine 1394:commerce 1390:learning 1345:Khorasan 1337:Naubakht 1284:Khurasan 1217:European 1143:Paradise 1124:Hanbalis 1101:Seleucia 1086:al-Karkh 1042:Sassanid 1034:Umayyads 988:Sargon's 901:Baghdati 897:Baghshan 871:, Latin 742:Iraq War 738:Gulf War 674:and the 642:بَغْدَاد 482:Baghdadi 38:بَغْدَاد 12520:Baghdad 12492:Lebanon 12488:Tripoli 12442:Morocco 12422:Tunisia 12412:Algeria 12398:Tripoli 12388:Baghdad 12382:Bahrain 12323:Algeria 12316:Algiers 12277:Morocco 12237:Lebanon 12223:Sharjah 12217:Tunisia 12144:Bandung 12114:Tianjin 12061:Chennai 11994:Chengdu 11947:Beijing 11942:Bangkok 11932:Karachi 11917:Kolkata 11860:Jakarta 11758:Armenia 11753:Yerevan 11720:Georgia 11715:Tbilisi 11699:Sukhumi 11633:Nicosia 11610:Bahrain 11534:Lebanon 11507:Baghdad 11415:Myanmar 11377:Jakarta 11371:Vietnam 11326:Bangkok 11298:Thimphu 11108:Beijing 11068:Bishkek 11015:italics 11013:are in 10999:of Asia 10903:Bahrain 10827:Lebanon 10811:Baghdad 10775:Tunisia 10759:Tripoli 10753:Morocco 10731:Comoros 10720:Somalia 10655:Algeria 10650:Algiers 10576:Samarra 10530:'Adhaim 10451:Baghdad 10441:Samarra 10381:(40 km) 10298:Saladin 10288:Nineveh 10263:Karbala 10243:Dhi Qar 10233:Baghdad 10170:Zayouna 10160:Yarmouk 10140:Hayy Ur 10095:Mansour 10000:Al-Adel 9932:Mansour 9927:Karrada 9898:Baghdad 9837:Baghdad 9654:format) 9623:format) 9564:8 March 9558:isna.ir 9509:8 March 9505:. Cairo 9452:23 July 9422:23 July 9397:23 July 9371:23 July 9309:20 June 8952:Archive 8935:Archive 8901:26 July 8858:17 July 8786:17 July 8063:20 July 8038:20 July 7949:15 June 7923:21 July 7514:20 June 7359:31 July 7326:28 July 7216:5 April 7170:27 July 7144:27 July 7103:27 July 7078:27 July 7032:27 July 6541:pg. 170 6139:Bibcode 5623:. 2000. 5348:23 July 5309:23 July 4948:14 June 4813:19 June 4634:, Egypt 4552:League 4228:in the 4173:During 4126:(ed.), 4023:Culture 3892:Hyundai 3755:BaghTel 3689:Economy 3563:Twelver 3547:Yezidis 3482:Turkmen 3366:to the 3231:Yarmouk 3193:Al-Adel 3178:Hayy Ur 3136:Zayouna 3121:Karrada 3068:Mansour 3058:Karrada 2797:(4.91) 2792:(0.67) 2787:(0.93) 2782:(0.30) 2777:(0.00) 2757:(0.13) 2752:(0.64) 2747:(0.62) 2742:(0.65) 2737:(0.97) 2723:(12.2) 2718:(16.3) 2713:(29.3) 2708:(43.2) 2703:(59.5) 2698:(69.1) 2693:(72.3) 2688:(58.3) 2683:(46.9) 2678:(30.9) 2673:(22.1) 2668:(14.0) 2663:(12.2) 2653:(58.8) 2648:(42.8) 2643:(50.4) 2638:(63.0) 2633:(72.0) 2628:(79.2) 2623:(80.4) 2618:(76.8) 2613:(70.0) 2608:(60.3) 2603:(50.9) 2598:(43.7) 2593:(40.5) 2583:(74.3) 2578:(53.1) 2573:(61.7) 2568:(77.2) 2563:(88.2) 2558:(95.5) 2553:(96.4) 2548:(92.1) 2543:(85.1) 2538:(74.1) 2533:(63.5) 2528:(55.0) 2523:(50.0) 2513:(87.1) 2508:(64.4) 2503:(75.0) 2498:(93.2) 2473:(98.8) 2468:(86.9) 2463:(76.1) 2458:(66.7) 2453:(61.2) 2438:(77.5) 2433:(96.1) 2393:(97.9) 2388:(82.8) 2383:(76.6) 2284:Climate 2133:caused 2125:by the 2098:to the 2065:. 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