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Today, the term is used as a way to respectfully address women of any social rank. "Khanum" can be understood as equivalent of "madam", or more colloquially, "ma'am" in some
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Henning, W. B., 'A Farewell to the Khagan of the Aq-Aqataran',"Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African studies – University of London", Vol 14, No 3, p 501–522
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In the original meaning "begum" and "khanum" are the feminine equivalents or counterparts of "beg" and "khan"—like the
English "lord" and "lady".
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for a sovereign or military ruler, widely used by medieval nomadic
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Turco-Mongolian honorific title; female equivalent of "khan"
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Steppes: A History of Central Asia now
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confederation for their chief between 283 and 289. The
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335:The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 90
237:is a combination of the words Khanum (tr.
184:were the first people who used the titles
215:and is used similarly to the titles of "
176:. "Khan" is also seen as a title in the
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156:. In the construction of words of the
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148:living in Asia and Europe and also
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200:and others assume to be
138:equivalent of the title
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418:Women's social titles
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413:Noble titles
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134:. It is the
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277:North India
273:Baluchistan
261:Afghanistan
234:Hanımefendi
128:Middle East
52:Azerbaijani
44:Ханым/Hanym
407:Categories
321:References
257:South Asia
207:In Modern
132:South Asia
96:খাঁনম/খানম
285:honorific
50:: Ханым,
48:Mongolian
376:(1988).
299:See also
164:" adds "
162:um / -ım
136:feminine
108:Albanian
250:Ottoman
209:Turkish
196:, whom
194:Xiongnu
192:of the
182:Rourans
178:Xianbei
170:my Khan
92:Bengali
76:Persian
60:Turkish
32:Khanoum
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315:Khatun
289:Muslim
281:Khanum
243:efendi
241:) and
223:" or "
219:" or "
202:Turkic
190:Chanyu
186:Khagan
150:Mongol
88:ख़ानुम
68:Arabic
40:Kazakh
20:Khanum
310:Hanım
305:Begum
269:Sindh
239:Hanım
213:Hanım
154:China
116:royal
112:Hanëm
84:Hindi
64:Hanım
56:Xanım
36:Uzbek
30:, or
24:Hanum
387:ISBN
287:for
275:and
225:miss
221:mrs.
217:lady
141:Khan
130:and
118:and
104:خانم
100:Urdu
80:خانم
72:خانم
255:In
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