2017:, high birth rates were cited as the reason for the Muslim population growth. With 3.1 children per woman, Muslims have higher fertility levels than the world's overall population between 2010 and 2015. High fertility is a major driver of projected Muslim population growth around the world and in particular regions. Between 2010 and 2015, with exception of the Middle East and North Africa, Muslim fertility of any other region in the world was higher than the rate for the region as a whole. While Muslim birth rates are expected to experience a decline, it will remain above replacement level and higher fertility than the world's overall by 2050. As per U.N.'s global population forecasts, as well as the Pew Research projections, over time fertility rates generally converge toward the replacement level. Globally, Muslims were younger (median age of 23) than the overall population (median age of 28) as of 2010. While decline of Muslim birth rates in coming years have also been well documented. According to
2814:, by 2050 unaffiliated or nonreligious are expected to account for 27% of North America total population (up from 17.1% as in 2010), and 23% of Europe total population (up from 18% as in 2010). The religiously unaffiliated are stationed largely in the Asia-Pacific region, where 76% resided in that region in 2010, and is expected to be 68% by 2050. The share of the global unaffiliated population living in Europe is projected to grow from 12% in 2010 to 13% in 2050. The proportion of the global religiously unaffiliated living in North America will rise from 5% in 2010, to 9% in 2050. According to the Pew Research Center, religious conversion may have a modest impact on religiously unaffiliated population between 2010 and 2050; religiously unaffiliated are expected to gain 61 million adherents. The largest net movement is expected to be into the religiously unaffiliated category between 2010 and 2050.
2057:(2.9 million). The study also reveals that, due to young age & relatively high fertility rate among Muslims by 2050 there will be near parity between Muslims (2.8 billion, or 30% of the population) and Christians (2.9 billion, or 31%), possibly for the first time in history. While both religions will grow but Muslim population will exceed the Christian population and by 2100, Muslim population (35%) will be 1% more than the Christian population (34%). By the end of 2100 Muslims are expected to outnumber Christians. According to the same study, Muslims population growth is twice of world's overall population growth due to young age and relatively high fertility rate and as a result Muslims are projected to rise to 30% (2050) of the world's population from 23% (2010).
2358:. Under Islamic law, Muslims are required to pay Zakat, one of the five pillars of Islam. Muslims take 2.5% out of their salaries and use the funds give to the needy. Since non-Muslims are not required to pay Zakat nor entitled to benefit from it, they had to support their own poor and in addition they had to pay Jizya if they wanted the same protections the Muslims received. In India, Islam was brought by various traders and rulers from Afghanistan and other places. According to other scholars, many converted for a whole host of reasons, the main statement of which was evangelization by Muslims, though there were several instances where some were pressured to convert owing to internal violence and friction between the Christian and Muslim communities, according to historian
2681:-majority countries, considered by some scholars and watch agencies as a case of attempted genocide. Meanwhile in other times or places the religion has experienced surges in growth. Before it was banned in certain countries, the religion "hugely increased" in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1989 the Universal House of Justice named Bolivia, Bangladesh, Haiti, India, Liberia, Peru, the Philippines, and Taiwan as countries where growth in the religion had been notable in the previous decades. Bahá'í sources state "more than five million" Bahá'ís in 1991-2. However, since around 2001 the Universal House of Justice has prioritized statistics of the community by their levels of activity rather than simply their population of avowed adherents or numbers of local assemblies.
712:
2724:
315:
1463:
1759:
2412:
2645:
870:
4978:
but even in those surveys, it is difficult to assess whether more people leave Islam than enter the faith. In some countries, legal and social consequences make conversion difficult, and survey respondents may be reluctant to speak honestly about the topic. Additionally, for many
Muslims, Islam is not just a religion but an ethnic or cultural identity that does not depend on whether a person actively practices the faith. This means that even nonpracticing or secular Muslims may still consider themselves, and be viewed by their neighbors, as Muslims.
460:
2829:
2257:
2211:(20%) the Middle East and North Africa, and 2% in Europe. As per the Pew Research study, Muslim populations will grow in absolute number in all regions of the world between 2010 and 2050. The Muslim population in the Asia-Pacific region is expected to reach nearly 1.5 billion by 2050, up from roughly 1 billion in 2010. The growth of Muslims is also expected in the Middle East-North Africa region, It is projected to increase from about 300 million in 2010 to more than 550 million in 2050. Besides, the
2965:
2029:
2673:
with a widespread international distribution. Most of the growth in the late 20th century was seeded out of North
America by means of the planned migration of individuals. Yet, rather than being a cultural spread from either Iran or North America, in 2001, sociologist David Barrett wrote that the Baháʼí Faith is, "A world religion with no racial or national focus". However, the growth has not been even. From the late 1920s to the late 1980s the religion was harassed and banned in the Soviet-led
1895:
2196:
954:
2906:
population has the lowest gender balance in India, with only 903 women per 1,000 men according to the 2011 Indian census, although the sex ratio at birth for Indian Sikhs has rapidly improved from 130 male births per 100 female births in 2001 to 110 male births per 100 female births in 2019-21, now only slightly above the average for India as a whole (108 male births per female births). In contrast to the religion's slowing growth in India, Sikhism is the fastest growing religion in
1419:, Christianity is declining in the United States while non-Christian faiths are growing. The 2014 Religious Landscape Study finds a large majority (87.6%) of those who were raised as Christians in the United States still identify as such, while the rest who no longer identify as Christians mostly identify as religiously unaffiliated, and the number of those leaving Christianity in the United States is greater than the number of converts; however, the number of those convert to
930:, and for Indonesia as a whole the proportion of Chinese who were Catholics rose from 2 percent in 1957 to 6 percent in 1969". Professor Aris Ananta reported in 2008 that "anecdotal evidence suggests that more Buddhist Chinese have become Christians as they increased their standards of education, because Christianity, unlike Buddhism, is often associated with 'modernity' and Western education", although there are no stats to support this. According to a poll conducted by the
1068:
2546:
1630:
1799:
704:
In 2010, 26% of the world's
Christians lived in Europe, followed by 24.4% in Latin America and the Caribbean, 23.8% in Sub-Saharan Africa, 13.2% in Asia and the Pacific, 12.3% in North America, and 1% in the Middle East and North Africa. The study also suggested that by 2050, the global Christian population will change considerably. By 2050, 38% of the world's Christians will live in the Sub-Saharan Africa, followed by 23% in Latin America and
2629:
1064:, which lead some Muslims to look towards other religions such as Christianity through evangelical activity in the visual and audio media, as well as irreligion. Many Muslims who convert to Christianity face social and governmental persecution. Khalil Bilici, while admitting that the limitations of their 2007 study database are too small, found a good number of Middle Eastern people are likely to convert to Christianity after leaving Islam.
2025:. Based on the data from 49 Muslim-majority countries and territories, he found that Muslims' birth rate has significantly dropped for 41% between 1975 and 1980 to 2005–10 while the global population decline was 33% during that period. It also stated that over a 50% decline was found in 22 Muslim countries and over a 60% decline in Iran, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Bangladesh, Tunisia, Libya, Albania, Qatar and Kuwait.
3057:'. One-fifth of the decrease in population is attributed to migration. A slower birthrate than deathrate accounts for the rest: as of 2001, Parsis over the age of 60 make up for 31% of the community. Only 4.7% of the Parsi community are under 6 years of age, which translates to 7 births per year per 1,000 individuals. Concerns have been raised in recent years over the rapidly declining population of the Parsi community in India.
1983:, the number of American converts to Islam is roughly equal to the number of American Muslims who leave Islam and this is unlike other religions in the United States where the number of those who leave these religions is greater than the number of those who convert to it, and most people who leave Islam become unaffiliated, according to same study ex-Muslims were more likely to be Christians compare to ex-Hindus or ex-Jews.
2787:, and Mexico. According to statistics in Canada, the number of "Nones" increased by about 60% between 1985 and 2004. In Australia, census data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics give "no religion" the largest gains in absolute numbers over the 15 years from 1991 to 2006, from 2,948,888 (18.2% of the population that answered the question) to 3,706,555 (21.0% of the population that answered the question). According to
1987:
157:
4960:
disaffiliation in many Muslim-majority countries, up to and including the death penalty for apostasy. It is possible that in the future, these societies could allow for greater freedom to religiously disaffiliate. The demographic projections in this report do not seek to predict the likelihood of such changes in political and social dynamics, or to model what the consequences might be.
2922:
2050. It is expected to increase up to 62 million by 2100, given that the anticipated growth rate of 1.7% per year and adding at least 400,000 followers annually. By 2050, according to Pew research center based on growth rate of current Sikh population between (2001–2011), India will have 27,129,086 Sikhs by half-century which will be more than that of any country including the
9563:
these
Christians are evangelicals. Recent estimates say that the number might have climbed up to somewhere between one million and three million. This is up from 100,000 in 1994, and a majority of these converts are reportedly women. A recent documentary, Sheep among Wolves, documents the lives of these converts and shows how Iran is the "fastest-growing church" in the world.
10746:"religious forces were infiltrating colleges." With the support of "overseas religious forces," it said, there was a rapid growth in Christianity among university students. It said Christian fellowships on campus mostly refused to succumb to the leadership of the state-backed churches and thus posed "a problem" in the government's administration of religious affairs.
996:(France going from 2% to 3% of the population). In Brazil, the total number of Protestants jumped from 16.2% in 2000 to 22.2% in 2010 (for the first time, the percentage of Catholics in Brazil is less than 70%). These cases do not contribute to a growth of Christianity overall, but rather to a substitution of a brand of Christianity with another one.
14041:"The Zoroastrians who remained in Persia (modern Iran) after the Arab–Muslim conquest (7th century CE) had a long history as outcasts. Although they purchased some toleration by paying the jizya (poll tax), not abolished until 1882, they were treated as an inferior race, had to wear distinctive garb, and were not allowed to ride horses or bear arms."
15666:
2950:, as the fastest growing spiritual identification in America". Mary Jones says Wicca is one of the fastest-growing religions in the United States as well. Wicca, which is largely a "Pagan" religion primarily attracts followers of nature-based religions in, as an example, the Southeast Valley region of the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area.
3053:, there are a "variety of causes that are responsible for this steady decline in the population of the community", the most significant of which were childlessness and migration- Demographic trends project that by the year 2020 the Parsis will number only 23,000. The Parsis will then cease to be called a community and will be labeled a '
16871:
306:
same study
Buddhists "are projected to decline in absolute number, dropping 7% from nearly 500 million in 2015 to 462 million in 2060. Low fertility rates and aging populations in countries such as China, Thailand and Japan are the main demographic reasons for the expected shrinkage in the Buddhist population in the years ahead".
1943:. The report also shows that the fall in the birth rate of Muslims slowed down the growth rate from 1990 to 2010. It is due to the fall of the fertility rate in many Muslim majority countries. Despite the decline, Muslims still have the highest birth rate among the world's major religious groups. According to the
6833:(local-born) Chinese. This growth appears to represent both a response to intense missionary efforts and a search for acceptance and identification in the Indonesian community through espousal of a more acceptable, less "Chinese" religion which at the same time removes the suspicion of communist sympathies.
10745:
A study of the religious lives of university students in
Beijing published in a mainland Chinese academic journal Science and Atheism in 2013 showed Christianity to be the religion that interested students most and the most active on campuses. It concluded there was a "religious fever" in society and
9023:
Given the sensitivity of religious conversion in
Singapore, reliable data about religious conversions of ethnic groups is almost non-existent. Some Muslim organizations that deal with conversion and problems of Muslim converts, however, estimated that about 100 Malays converted to Christianity within
8711:
Conservative estimates place the number of
Christians in Iran between 500,000 to 800,000 believers, but others claim there are more than one million. Traditionally, Christian families amount to around 250,000, while the remainder consists of converts from Islam. Most converts from Islam belong to the
2672:
From the Bahá'í Faith's origins in the 19th century until the 1950s, the vast majority of Baháʼís were found in Iran; converts from outside Iran were mostly found in India and the
Western world. From having roughly 200,000 Baháʼís in 1950, the religion grew to having over 4 million by the late 1980s,
2557:
vary widely: In the United States, it is just under 50 percent, in the United
Kingdom, around 53 percent; in France; around 30 percent, and in Australia and Mexico, as low as 10 percent. In the United States, only about a third of children from intermarriages affiliate with Jewish
1330:
is the fastest shrinking religion in there , while Christianity is growing the fastest", and in 2018 "up to half a million Iranians are Christian converts from Muslim families, and most of these Christians are evangelicals", and he adds "recent estimates claim that the number might have climbed up to
703:
The significant growth of Christianity in non-Western countries led to regional distribution changes of Christians. In 1900, Europe and the Americas were home to the vast majority of the world's Christians (93%). Besides, Christianity has grown enormously in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.
305:
survey, between 2010 and 2015 "an estimated 32 million babies were born to Buddhist mothers and roughly 20 million Buddhists died, meaning that the natural increase in the Buddhists population – i.e., the number of births minus the number of deaths – was 12 million over this period". According to the
13989:
Ellethy 2014, p. 181. " the insignificant amount of this yearly tax, the fact that it was progressive, that elders, poor people, handicapped, women, children, monks, and hermits were exempted, leave no doubt about exploitation or persecution of those who did not accept Islam. Comparing its amount to
10780:
Finally, during this century there has been a rapid growth in the number of Chinese Christians. Very few Chinese were Christians at the turn of the century. Today Christians constitute approximately 10 or 15 percent of the Chinese population in Indonesia, and probably a higher percentage among the
8655:
Open Doors, interviewed by the UK Home Office on 8 August 2017, stated that many converts do not publicly report their faith due to persecution, so it is difficult to record the exact numbers of Iranian Christian converts. Open Doors believes the number to be 800,000, although this is a conservative
6828:
P.25: Finally, during this century there has been a rapid growth in the number of Chinese Christians. Very few Chinese were Christians at the turn of the century. Today Christians constitute approximately 10 or 15 percent of the Chinese population in Indonesia, and probably a higher proportion among
6395:
Pew Research Center's predecessor organization did ask about religion when it surveyed several countries in the region in 1991, during the waning months of the USSR. In Russia, Ukraine, and Bulgaria, far more people said they were religiously unaffiliated in 1991 than describe themselves that way in
4959:
This analysis of religious switching draws on surveys in 19 countries where Muslims constitute a majority of the population. Generally, however, there are few reports of people disaffiliating from Islam in these countries. One reason for this may be the social and legal repercussions associated with
4824:
One of the most significant transformations in twentieth-century Christianity is the emergence and development of Pentecostalism. With over five hundred million followers, it is the fastest-growing movement in the world. An incredibly diverse movement, it has influenced many sectors of Christianity,
2921:
Johnson and Barrett (2004) estimate that the global Sikh population increases annually by 392,633 (1.7% per year, based on 2004 figures); this percentage includes births, deaths, and conversions. The estimated world's Sikh population was over 30 million in 2020, and it will reach 42 million by
2798:
According to a religious forecast for 2050 by Pew Research Center, the percentage of the world's population that is unaffiliated or nonreligious is expected to drop, from 16% of the world's total population in 2010 to 13% in 2050. The decline is largely due to the advanced age (median age of 34) and
2762:
survey, between 2010 and 2015 "an estimated 68 million babies were born to religiously unaffiliated mothers and roughly 42 million religiously unaffiliated died, meaning that the natural increase in the religiously unaffiliated population – i.e., the number of births minus the number of deaths – was
2668:
The largest proportions of the total world Bahá'í population were found in sub-Saharan Africa (29.9%) and South Asia (26.8%), followed by Southeast Asia (12.7%) and Latin America (12.2%). Lesser populations are found in North America (7.6%) and the Middle East/North Africa (6.2%), while the smallest
2129:
By 2010 an estimated 44 million Muslims were living in Europe (6%), up from 4.1% in 1990. By 2030, Muslims are expected to make up 8% of Europe's population including an estimated 19 million in the EU (3.8%), including 13 million foreign-born Muslim immigrants. Islam is widely considered as the
2084:
whether some of the Muslim growth projections are accurate as they do not take into account the increasing number of non-religious Muslims. Quantitative research is lacking, but he believes the European trend mirrors the American: data from the General Social Survey in the United States show that 32
2060:
While the total Fertility Rate of Muslims in North America is 2.7 children per woman in the 2010 to 2015 period, well above the regional average (2.0) and the replacement level (2.1). Europe's Muslim population also has higher fertility (2.1) than other religious groups in the region, well above the
1970:
It was reported in 2013 that around 5,000 British people convert to Islam every year, with most of them being women. According to an earlier 2001 census, surveys found that there was an increase of 60,000 conversions to Islam in the United Kingdom. Many converts to Islam said that they suffered from
1321:
to Christianity are unusually high. According to Guinness, approximately 12.5 million more people who converted to Islam than people who converted to Christianity between 1990 and 2000. According to scholar Ladan Boroumand "Iran today is witnessing the highest rate of Christianization in the world",
9409:
In the West, experts estimate thousands of Muslims switch to Christianity every year but keep their conversions secret for fear of retribution. "Converts from Islam, especially those who become involved in Christian ministries, often use assumed names, or only their first names, in order to protect
7696:
Reports of widespread conversions of Muslims to Christianity come from regions as disparate as Algeria, Albania, Syria, and Kurdistan. Countries with the largest indigenous numbers include Algeria, 380,000; Ethiopia, 400,000; Iran, 500,000 (versus only 500 in 1979); Nigeria, 600,000; and Indonesia,
4977:
There are a number of reasons why reliable data on conversions are hard to come by. Some national censuses ask people about their religion, but they do not directly ask whether people have converted to their present faith. A few cross-national surveys do contain questions about religious switching,
4541:
The main reasons for Islam's growth ultimately involve simple demographics. To begin with, Muslims have more children than members of the seven other major religious groups analyzed in the study. Muslim women have an average of 2.9 children, significantly above the next-highest group (Christians at
4089:
may have little impact on religious demographics between 2010 and 2050. Christianity is expected to lose a net of 66 million adherents mostly to religiously unaffiliated, while religiously unaffiliated are expected to gain 61 million adherents. Islam is expected to gain 3.2 million followers, while
2170:
of Muslim immigrants declines with integration. He further points out that Muslims are not a monolithic or cohesive group, Most academics who have analysed the demographics dismiss the predictions that the EU will have Muslim majorities. It is completely reasonable to assume that the overall Muslim
1914:
On the other hand, in 2010, the Pew Forum found "that statistical data for Muslim conversions is scarce and as per their little available information, there is no substantial net gain or loss of Muslims due to religious conversion. It also stated that "the number of people who embrace Islam and the
1835:
Generally, the term "conversion" is not applicable to Hindu traditions. According to Arvind Sharma, Hinduism "is typically quite comfortable with multiple religious participation, multiple religious affiliations, and even with multiple religious identities." However, some Hindu groups are known for
1402:
and its share of the world's populations "slightly". According to the same study Christianity, is expected to lose a net of 66 million adherents (40 million converts versus 106 million apostate) mostly to religiously unaffiliated category between 2010 and 2050. It is also expected that Christianity
83:
Counting the number of converts to a religion can prove difficult. Although some national censuses ask people about their religion, they do not ask if they have converted to their presently espoused faith. Additionally, in some countries, legal and social consequences make conversion difficult. For
9215:
The estimated number of Protestants in Turkey is 4,000–6,000, most of whom live in Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir. Protestantism has been a part of Turkey's history for 200 years, first spreading among the non-Muslim minorities. Conversion from Islam to Protestantism was very rare until the 1960s, but
3090:
Statistics on religious adherence are difficult to gather and often contradictory; statistics for the change of religious adherence are even more so, requiring multiple surveys separated by many years using the same data gathering rules. This has only been achieved in rare cases, and then only for
2180:
states that by 2030 Muslims and Non-Muslims birth rates will be equal in Germany, Greece, Spain and Denmark without taking account of the Muslims immigration to these countries. He also states that Muslims & Non-Muslims fertility rate difference will decrease from 0.7 to 0.4 and this different
2077:
in the Western world that adhere to no religion have been well documented. A 2007 Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) report argued that some Muslim population projections are overestimated, as they assume that all descendants of Muslims will become Muslims even in cases of mixed
1958:
survey, between 2010 and 2015 "an estimated 213 million babies were born to Muslim mothers and roughly 61 million Muslims died, meaning that the natural increase in the Muslim population – i.e., the number of births minus the number of deaths – was 152 million over this period", and it added small
372:
Since the 1980s, with the gradual opening of society, folk religion has begun to recover. Especially in the rural areas, the speed and scale of its development are much faster and larger than is the case with Buddhism and Christianity in Zhejiang province, where Christianity is better established
16872:"2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Religion (108), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey"
13347:
Grim, Brian J.; Karim, Mehtab S.; Cooperman, Alan; Hackett, Conrad; Connor, Phillip; Chaudhry, Sahar; Hidajat, Mira; Hsu, Becky; Andrew J. Gully; Noble Kuriakose; Elizabeth A. Lawton; Elizabeth Podrebarac (January 2011). Stencel, Sandra; Rosen, Anne Farris; Yoo, Diana; Miller, Tracy; Ramp, Hilary
4900:
At the heart of this religious resurgence are Islam and Pentecostalism, a branch of Protestant Christianity. Islam grew at an annual average of 1.9 percent between 2000 and 2017, mainly as the result of a high birth rate. Pentecostalism grew at 2.2 percent each year, mainly by conversion. Half of
2210:
for (62%) of the world's Muslims, and about (20%) of the world's Muslims lived in the Middle East and North Africa, (16%) in Sub Saharan Africa, and 2% in Europe. By 2050 Asia will be home to (52.8%) of the world's Muslims, and about (24.3%) of the world's Muslims will live in Sub Saharan Africa,
2101:
region. A June 2020 online survey found a much smaller percentage of Iranians stating they believe in Islam, with half of those surveyed indicating they had lost their religious faith. The poll, conducted by the Netherlands-based GAMAAN (Group for Analyzing and Measuring Attitudes in Iran), using
9562:
Speaking of faith and Iran, most people think of Islam. Yet Islam is the fastest shrinking religion there, while Christianity is growing the fastest. According to a report by the Department of State from 2018, up to half a million Iranians are Christian converts from Muslim families, and most of
8611:
In his research article, Miller (2015, p. 71) points to an anonymous, but the well-informed source that estimated that in 2010, there were about 100,000 converts in Iran... estimated the number of Christian ethnic Persians to be about 175,000. these were claimed to be converts of Shiite Muslim
6554:
P.14: As a result of such growth, Paul Freston writes that "Latin America is now the global heartland of Pentecostalism." Moreover, Pentecostalism in Latin America is now overwhelmingly indigenous. Catholicism is no longer seen as an essential part of Latin American identity, and Pentecostalism
2664:
As of around 2020, there were about 8 million Bahá'ís in the world. In 2013, two scholars of demography wrote that, "The Baha'i Faith is the only religion to have grown faster in every United Nations region over the past 100 years than the general population; Bahaʼi was thus the fastest-growing
2175:
denied the claims of Eurabia. According to him, Muslims will be a significant minority rather than majority in Europe and as per their projections for 2050 in the Western Europe, there will be 10–15 per cent Muslim population in high immigration countries such as Germany, France and the UK. Eric
1902:
According to the same study "globally, Muslims have the highest fertility rate, an average of 3.1 children per woman – well above replacement level (2.1)", and "in all major regions where there is a sizable Muslim population, Muslim fertility exceeds non-Muslim fertility". From 1990 to 2010, the
968:
membership in 2013 was 1.254 billion, which is 17.7% of the world population, an increase from 437 million, in 1950 and 654 million, in 1970. The main growth areas have been Asia and Africa, 39% and 32%, respectively, since 2000. Since 2010, the rate of increase was of 0.3% in the
913:
In recent years, the number of Chinese Christians has increased significantly; Christians were 4 million before 1949 (3 million Catholics and 1 million Protestants), and are reaching 67 million today. Christianity is reportedly the fastest growing religion in China with an average
730:
In mid-2005 Christianity adds about 65.1 million people annually due to factors such as birth rate and religious conversion, while losing 27.4 million people annually due to factors such as death rate and religious apostasy. Most of the net growth in the numbers of Christians is in Africa, Latin
350:. Comparing this with other surveys, evidence suggests that nowadays three-fifths to four-fifths of the Chinese believe in folk religion. This shows a significant growth from the 300–400 million people practicing Chinese traditional religion that were estimated in the 1990s and early 2000s.
190:
and lived and taught in India in the 5th century BC. The majority of Buddhists live in Asia; Europe and North America also have populations exceeding one million. According to scholars of religious demographics, there are between 488 million, 495 million, and 535 million Buddhists in the world.
2905:
have the lowest adjusted growth rate of any major religious group in India, at 8.4% per decade (from 2001 to 2011), compared to the national rate of 17.7% per decade. Sikhs have the lowest fertility rate amongst India's four major religious groups, at 1.6 children per woman in 2019-20. The Sikh
1971:
hostility from their families after converting. According to a report by CNN, "Islam has drawn converts from all walks of life, most notably African-Americans". Studies estimated about 30,000 converting to Islam annually in the United States. According to The New York Times, an estimated 25% of
1915:
number of those who leave Islam are roughly equal. Thus, this report excludes religious conversion as a direct factor from the projection of Muslim population growth." People switching their religions will likely have no effect on the growth of the Muslim population, as the number of people who
897:
over the past century", and has grown from 1% in 1900, to 20.7% in 1985 and to 29.3% in 2010, And the Catholic Church has increased its membership by 70% in the last ten years, according to Pew Research Center, "the growth of Catholics has occurred across all age groups, among men and women and
381:
Chinese rarely use the term "religion" for their popular religious practices, and they also do not utilize a vocabulary that they "believe in" gods or truths. Instead, they engage in religious acts that assume a vast array of gods and spirits and that also assume the efficacy of these beings in
9186:
More tangibly, figures published in January 2004 in Turkey's mainstream Milliyet newspaper claimed that 35,000 Muslims, the vast majority of them in Istanbul, had converted to Christianity in 2003. While impossible to confirm (the Turkish government does not release these figures), the rate of
5220:
Some of the positive aspects of conversion include upward mobility in social circumstances, increased economic opportunities, and access to religious-affiliated institutional and social services (such as education, health care, and charity relief). For example, Christianity in India was mostly
2010:
Resurgent Islam is one of the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world. The Vatican's 2008 yearbook of statistics revealed that for the first time, Islam has outnumbered the Roman Catholics globally. It stated that, "Islam has overtaken Roman Catholicism as the biggest single
1089:
published by Baylor University institute for studies of religion estimates that 10.2 million Muslims converted to Christianity based on global missionary data. Countries with the largest numbers of Muslims converted to Christianity according to this study include Indonesia (6,500,000), Nigeria
8960:
the Moroccan Association of Human Rights estimates there are 25,000 Christian citizens. One media source reportedthat while most Christians in the country are foreigners, there are an estimated 8,000 Christian citizens and that "several thousand" citizens have converted, mostly to Protestant
2215:
is forecast to grow from about 250 million in 2010 to nearly 670 million in 2050 which is more than double. The absolute number of Muslims is also expected to increase in regions with smaller Muslim populations such as Europe and North America, due to young age & relatively high
1790:. Approximately 90% of the world's Hindus live in India. 79.8% of India's population is Hindu, accounting for about 90% of Hindus worldwide. Hinduism's 10-year growth rate is estimated at 15% (based on the period 1991 to 2001), corresponding to a yearly growth close to 2%. According to a 2017
4375:
the survey was based on 50,000 respondents with 90% of those surveyed living in Iran. The survey was conducted in June 2020 for 15 days from June 17th to July 1st in 2020 and reflects the views of the educated people of Iran over the age of 19 (equivalent to 85% of Adults in Iran) and can be
3111:
and is the most comprehensive database of religious demographics available to scholars, providing data for all of the world's countries. Adherence data is largely compiled from census and surveys. The database groups adherents into 18 broadly-defined categories: Agnostics, Atheists, Baháʼís,
1407:
may maintain, or even increase, the current numerical advantage of Christianity as the largest religion in the world. This scenario (Chinese scenario) is based primarily on sensitivity tests. Large increases in the developing world (around 23,000 per day) have been accompanied by substantial
6637:
In 1900, only 1% of the country's population was Christian, but largely through the efforts of missionaries and churches, Christianity has grown rapidly in South Korea over the past century. In 2010, roughly three-in-ten South Koreans were Christian, including members of the world's largest
4072:
Projections of future religious adherence are based on assumptions that trends, total fertility rates, life expectancy, political climate, conversion rates, secularization, etc. will continue. Such forecasts cannot be validated empirically and are contentious, but are useful for comparison.
2146:
in Europe as a whole was (1.6). Pew study also reveals that Muslims are younger than other Europeans. In 2010, the median age of Muslims throughout Europe was (32), eight years younger than the median for all Europeans (40). According to a religious forecast for 2050 by Pew Research Center
639:
survey, between 2010 and 2015 "an estimated 223 million babies were born to Christian mothers and roughly 107 million Christians died, meaning that the natural increase in the Christian population – i.e., the number of births minus the number of deaths – was 116 million over this period".
2065:
by demographers Charles Westoff and Tomas Frejka suggests that the fertility gap between Muslims and non-Muslims is shrinking and although the Muslim immigrants do have more children than other Europeans their fertility tends to decline over time, often faster than among non-Muslims.
289:
is expected to decrease from 487 million in 2010 to 486 million in 2050. The decline is due to several factors such as the low fertility level among Buddhists (1.6 children per woman), and the old age (median age of 34), compared to the overall population. According to the
6829:
the young. Conversion of Chinese to Christianity accelerated in the 1960s, especially in East Java, and for Indonesia as a whole the proportion of Chinese who were Catholics rose from 2 percent in 1957 to 6 percent in 1969. The growth of Christianity has been greatest among the
9856:
In war-torn Syria, it is the only place where people are free to worship without hindrance. In fact, it is the only place in the region where people can proselytize and legally change their religion. Because of these conditions, the Kurdish Christian community has continued to
2669:
populations in Europe (2.0%), Australasia (1.6%), and Northeast Asia (0.9%). In 2015, the internationally recognized religion was the second-largest international religion in Iran, Panama, Belize, Bolivia, Zambia, and Papua New Guinea; and the third-largest in Chad, and Kenya.
13262:
See also "Merely speaking of a 'Muslim community in France' can be misleading and inaccurate: like every immigrant population, Muslims in France exhibit strong cleavages based on the country of their origin, their social background, political orientation and ideology, and the
1794:
survey, between 2010 and 2015 "an estimated 109 million babies were born to Hindu mothers and roughly 42 million Hindus died, meaning that the natural increase in the Hindus population – i.e., the number of births minus the number of deaths – was 67 million over this period".
1412:, mainly in Western Europe and North America. By 2050, Christianity is expected to remain the majority religion in the United States (66.4%, down from 78.3% in 2010), and the number of Christians in absolute numbers is expected to grow from 243 million to 262 million.
686:
over the last century have been significant. Since 1900, due primarily to conversion, Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America. That caused Protestantism to be called a primarily non-Western religion. Much of the growth has occurred after
8283:
In the last thirty years, there has been an increase in the number of Muslims converting to Christianity. According to one estimate, in the period between 1971 and 1991, the number of Christian converts in Bangladesh has risen from two hundred thousand to four hundred
2779:
reports, "The number of Americans who do not identify with any religion continues to grow at a rapid pace. One-fifth of the U.S. public – and a third of adults under 30 – are religiously unaffiliated today, the highest percentages ever in Pew Research Center polling."
1595:. It has also been reported that conversion into Christianity is significantly increasing among Korean, Chinese, and Japanese in the United States. By 2012 percentage of Christians on mentioned communities was 71%, more than 30% and 37%, respectively. According to the
2162:' at all", and predicts that the percentage of Muslims is estimated to rise to 8% in 2030, due to immigration and above-average birth rates. And only two western European countries – France and Belgium – will become around 10 percent Muslim, by 2030. According to
91:
Statistical data on conversion to and from Islam are scarce. According to a study published in 2011 by Pew Research, what little information is available may suggest that religious conversion has no net impact on the Muslim population, as the number of people who
9813:
In Kabylia people at the turn of the twenty-first century were reportedly converting to Christianity; new churches sprouted up. The deteriorating image of Islam, as violent and socially confining, had apparently persuaded some Berbers to consider an alternative
699:
in Latin American countries occurred. According to one source, Protestants constituted respectively 2.5%, 2%, 0.5% of Latin Americans, Africans and Asians. In 2000, percentage of Protestants on mentioned continents was 17%, more than 27% and 5.5%, respectively.
3112:
Buddhists, Chinese folk-religionists, Christians, Confucianists, Daoists, Ethnoreligionists, Hindus, Jains, Jews, Muslims, New Religionists, Shintoists, Sikhs, Spiritists, and Zoroastrians. The WRD is edited by demographers Todd M. Johnson and Brian J. Grim.
2093:, there is increasing numbers of Americans who are leaving their faith and becoming unaffiliated and the average Iranian American is slightly less religious than the average American. According to Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans, the number of
2052:
According to the religious forecast for 2050 by Pew Research Center, between 2010 and 2050 modest net gains through religious conversion are expected for Muslims (3 million) and most of the net gains through religious conversion for Muslims found in
2774:
The American Religious Identification Survey gave nonreligious groups the largest gain in terms of absolute numbers: 14.3 million (8.4% of the population) to 29.4 million (14.1% of the population) for the period 1990–2001 in the U.S. A 2012 study by the
949:
has grown from 0.2%, in 1951, to 7.6%, in 2001. According to Pew Research Center the number of Catholics in Africa has increased from one million in 1901 to 329,882,000 in 2010. From 2015 to 2016, Africa saw an increase of more than 6,265,000 Catholics.
9706:
Richard Kronk has extensively researched Muslim conversion in France. He provides examples of the challenges faced by Muslim converts to Christianity. His research primarily deals with Christians of Maghrebi background (CMB) From Algeria, Morocco, and
6752:
The social influence of Christianity, however, extends far beyond its membership especially in the sphere of education, giving Christianity a middle-class identity... Conversion is increasing among Chinese in Singapore, both into Christianity and into
16607:
estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012. Sikh organizations like the
16005:
5179:
Trade is a prominent generator of intercultural contact and is thus one of the most important triggers of religious contact. Through trade-based interactions, not only is merchandise traded but sooner or later religious goods are also 'traded' and
2171:
population in Europe will increase, and Muslim citizens have and will have a significant impact on European life. The prospect of a homogeneous Muslim community per se, or a Muslim majority in Europe is however out of the question. Eric Kaufman of
1911:; "around the globe, Muslims have higher fertility rates than Christians on average. Muslim women's low educational attainment is a likely factor; demographers find that higher educational attainment among women is tied to lower fertility rates".
1371:, since the fall of communism, the number of Muslim converts to Christianity in Kyrgyzstan has been increased. Some scholars and media reports indicate that in the Middle East there been increasing numbers of conversions to Christianity among the
16078:
2176:
Kaufman also argue that the main reason why Islam is expanding along with other religions, is not because of conversion to Islam, but primarily to the nature of the religion, as he calls it "pro-natal", where Muslims tend to have more children.
540:
By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. Christians have 2.7 children per woman, which is above replacement level (2.1). The birth rate is expected to be the main factor in the growth of Christianity. According to
11833:
P.80: Around the globe, Muslims have higher fertility rates than Christians on average. Muslim women's low educational attainment is a likely factor; demographers find that higher educational attainment among women is tied to lower fertility
2085:
percent of those raised Muslim no longer embrace Islam in adulthood, and 18 percent hold no religious identification. Many Muslims who leave Islam face social rejection or imprisonment and sometimes murder or other penalties. According to
1510:, Lewis Rambo, in mid-2005 approximately 15.5 million converted to Christianity from another religion, while approximately 11.7 million left Christianity, most of them becoming irreligious, resulting in a net gain of 3.8 million.
1403:
may have the largest net losses in terms of religious conversion. However, these forecasts lack reliable data on religious conversion in China, but according to media reports and expert assessments, it is possible that the rapid growth of
3076:
have converted to Zoroastrianism recently, with community leaders repeating this and speculating that even more Zoroastrians in the region are practicing their faith secretly. However, this has not been confirmed by independent sources.
973:, argued that the main reason for the expansion of Catholicism and conservative Protestantism along with other religions is because their religions tend to be "pro-natal" and they have more children, and not due to religious conversion.
345:
is near to 950 million (70% of the Chinese), of which 173 million (13%) practice some form of Taoist-defined folk faith. Further in detail, 12 million people have passed some formal initiation into Taoism, or adhere to the official
2388:
notes "The rate of taxation and methods of collection varied greatly from province to province and were greatly influenced by local pre-Islamic customs" and there were even cases when Muslims had the tax levied against them, on top of
115:) do not generally encourage conversions into their ranks. Some faiths grow exponentially at first (especially, for example, along trade routes or for reasons of social prestige), only for their zeal to wane (note the flagging case of
1773:
99% of Hindus lived in the Indo-Pacific region in 2010. According to Pew Forum, Hindus are anticipated to continue to be concentrated primarily in the Indo-Pacific region in 2050. Hinduism is the largest religion in the countries of
16128:
198:
has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in
41:
is the proliferation or growth of religion, most commonly after a period of previous secularization. Statistics commonly measure the absolute number of adherents, the percentage of the absolute growth per-year, and the growth of
14173:
There were...clear reasons why Muslim governments would not want to encourage conversion to Islam. They were sometimes effectively unable to prevent conversion but they were certainly not going to use force to achieve it. (Page
3071:
The number of Kurdish Zoroastrians, along with those of non-ethnic converts, has been estimated differently. The Zoroastrian Representative of the Kurdistan Regional Government in Iraq has said that as many as 14,000 people in
1094:
is home to the largest Christian community made up of converts from their former Islamic faith; according to various sources, since the mid and late 1960s, between two million to 2.5 million Muslims converted to Christianity.
7854:
It estimated the Afghan Christian community ranges from 500 to 8,000 people. For all practical purposes, there are no native Afghan Christians; they are all converts from Islam who worship in secret to avoid being killed for
1737:
was 27.9. About 26.3% of the Israeli Druze population are under 14 years old and about 6.1% of the Israeli Druze are 65 years and over. Since the year 2000, the Israeli Druze community has witnessed a significant decrease in
2011:
religious denomination in the world", and stated that, "It is true that while Muslim families, as is well known, continue to make a lot of children, Christian ones on the contrary tend to have fewer and fewer". According to
9310:
P.9: Iranian Christian converts in Britain form three distinguishable groups depending on where they've converted: 1. Those who converted in Iran 2. Those who converted in transit (mostly Turkey) 3. Those who converted in
8372:
In the Netherlands and Denmark, as well, many are converting from Islam to Christianity, and the trend appears to be growing. Indeed, converts are filling up some European churches largely forsaken by their old Christian
13194:, prb.org, February 2008; for fertility of Muslims outside Europe, see the sentence "The dramatic decline in Iran's fertility provides a recent example of how strict Islamic practices can coexist with widespread use of
8552:"Shkëlzen ou Giannis? Changement de prénom et stratégies identitaires, entre culture d'origine et migration [Shkëlzen or Giannis? Change of Name and Identity strategies, between Culture of Origin and Migration]"
5062:
there is no substantial net gain or loss in the number of Muslims through conversion globally; the number of people who become Muslims through conversion seems to be roughly equal to the number of Muslims who leave the
4583:
there is no substantial net gain or loss in the number of Muslims through conversion globally; the number of people who become Muslims through conversion seems to be roughly equal to the number of Muslims who leave the
10781:
young. Conversion of Chinese to Christianity accelerated in the 1960s, especially in East Java, and for Indonesia as a whole the proportion of Chinese who were Catholics rose from 2 percent in 1957 to 6 percent in 19.
9899:
The Catholic and Protestant Turkish populations have grown, convert Protestants have also increased in number from a few hundred in 1992 to 3,000-3,500 Evangelical Christians, whilst other denominations have remained
16616:
estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures; 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media. With 1% of
16599:, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population. The
6526:
10822:"Report: Iran: Christian converts and house churches (1) –prevalence and conditions for religious practice Translation provided by the Office of the Commissioner-General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Belgium"
8604:"Report: Iran: Christian converts and house churches (1) –prevalence and conditions for religious practice Translation provided by the Office of the Commissioner-General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Belgium"
6139:
will by 2050 have become almost exactly as numerous as Roman Catholics – each with just over 1.5 billion followers, or 17 percent of the world, with Protestants growing considerably faster than Catholics each
762:
countries did not experience a decline in the percentage of Christians, as the proportion of Christians in these countries have mostly been stable or even increasing. Christianity is still the largest religion in
8780:
5251:
smaller churches such as Emmanuel face the sharp and troubling question of what they are for—why this church is needed in this particular place and time, when there is virtually market saturation for religious
4901:
developing-world Christians are Pentecostal, evangelical or charismatic (all branches of the faith emphasize the authority of the Bible and the need for a spiritual rebirth). Why are people so attracted to it?.
4293:
Only in recent decades have surveys begun to measure changes in religious identity among individuals. Religious switching is a sensitive topic in India, and carries social and legal repercussions including the
9290:
There is no space to elaborate here, but the research carried out by Spellman (2004b) and Miller (2014) sheds light on the growth of Iranian Muslim conversion to born-again Christianity in England and Scotland
11216:
Theologically, one would have to conclude that the Druze are not Muslims. They do not accept the five pillars of Islam. In place of these principles the Druze have instituted the seven precepts noted above..
10013:
5638:
Christian total 2,631,941,000, Catholic total 1,278,009,000 (48.6%), Wider Protestant total including Independents 1,047,295,000 (39.8%), Orthodox total including Eastern and Oriental 293,158,000 (11.1%)
9261:
The liberal newspaper Radikal estimates that there are about 10,000 converts in Turkey, expressing surprise that they could be seen as a "threat" in a country of 73 million people, 99 percent of whom are
215:, through statistical analysis, held Buddhism to be the fastest-growing spiritual tradition in Australia in terms of percentage gain, with a growth of 79.1% for the period 1996 to 2001 (200,000→358,000).
1567:
have converted to Christianity. According to a 2021 study by the Pew Research Center, Christianity in India gained an increase from conversion, most of the Christian converts in India are former Hindus.
6194:(saying "Not only do Protestants presently constitute 13 percent of the world's population—about 800 million people—but since 1900 Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.")
2488:
to non-Jews, but many Jewish groups have tried to reach out to the assimilated Jewish communities of the Diaspora in order for them to reconnect to their Jewish roots. Additionally, while in principle
1975:
are converts, these converts are mostly African American. According to The Huffington Post, "observers estimate that as many as 20,000 Americans convert to Islam annually.", most of them are women and
941:
In 1900, there were only 8.7 million adherents of Christianity in Africa, while in 2010 there were 390 million. It is expected that by 2025 there will be 600 million Christians in Africa. In
1521:, Christianity is "spreading among the Chinese of South-East Asia", and "Evangelical and Pentecostal Christianity is growing more quickly in China", also according to him, more than half of them have
10859:
This socio-demographic characterizes Christian converts as mostly .. (2) well-educated, (3) belonging in higher-income brackets, (4) switching their religion between ten and twenty-nine years of age
14197:
13349:
8694:
estimates citing figures lower than 10,000, and others, such as Open Doors USA, citing numbers above 800,000, Many Protestants and converts to Christianity from Islam reportedly practice in secret.
2446:, in 2013, the United States and Israel were collectively home to more than 80 percent of the global Jewish population, each country having approximately 41 percent of the world's Jews.
2382:, he stated forced conversions played little part in the history of the spread of the faith. However, the poll tax known as Jizyah may have played a part in converting people over to Islam but as
6135:, p. 1815, "Observers carefully comparing all these figures in the total context will have observed the even more startling finding that for the first itime ever in the history of Protestantism,
1029:. According to the same data, most of the Jews who identify themselves as some sort of Christian (1.6 million) were raised as Jews or are Jews by ancestry. According to a 2012 study, 17% of
8347:
Conversion to Christianity also surfaced, not least among the group of refugees arriving from the early 1980s from different areas in the Muslim world hit by civil wars or inter-state conflicts.
6894:
A 2006 Gallup survey, however, is the largest to date and puts the number at 6%, which is much higher than its previous surveys. It notes a major increase among Japanese youth professing Christ.
2573:, the number had been reduced to 11 million by the end of 1945. The population grew again to around 13 million by the 1970s, but has since recorded near-zero growth until around 2005 due to low
10161:
2763:
26 million over this period". As for religious conversion, the religiously unaffiliated is expected to have the largest net gains through religious conversion between 2010 and 2050, notably on
17508:
11027:
8509:
Thousands of refugees in Germany are converting from Islam to Christianity, although it could carry a huge personal risk for them. Independent churches are especially seeing many new converts.
8207:
The Austrian Catholic church logged 300 applications for adult baptism in the first three months of 2016, with the Austrian pastoral institute estimating 70% of those converting are refugees.
18313:
15565:
8995:
In the Netherlands, thousands of Iranian Muslim migrants and refugees are converting to Christianity, despite conversion from Islam being considered apostasy in Iran and punishable by death.
3068:
for different reasons, including a sense of national and/or ethnic identity or for recent conflicts with radical Muslims, which had been enthusiastically received by Zoroastrians worldwide.
14107:
8330:
Numerous cases of conversion from Islam to Orthodox Christianity are just one of the ways to express the changes in the fluid identity of Bulgarian Muslims ("Pomaks") in Bulgaria after 1990
3103:
The World Religion Database (WRD) is a peer-reviewed database of international religious statistics based on research conducted at the Institute on Culture, Religion & World Affairs at
16493:
Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today.
12461:
9367:
Although approximately 20,000 Muslims convert to Christianity annually, ... In 2010 were approximately 180,000 and about 130,000 Iranian Americans who converted from Islam to Christianity.
211:
and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and some African countries. The
17034:
5490:
5485:
2010 Chinese Jesus Life Survey conducted by Dr. Yang Fenggang, Purdue University's Center on Religion and Chinese Society. Statistics published in: Katharina Wenzel-Teuber, David Strait.
2807:
have indicated that global atheism may be in decline due to irreligious countries having the lowest birth rates in the world and religious countries having higher birth rates in general.
1545:
Chinese". Asia has the second largest Pentecostal-charismatic Christians of any continent, with the number growing from 10 million to 135 million between 1970 and 2000". According to the
846:"converts to Protestantism find their incomes, education levels, hygiene and social networks expanding". According to scholar Terence Chong, since 1980s Protestantism is expanding in
12032:
11867:
Globally, Muslims have the highest fertility rate, an average of 3.1 children per woman – well above replacement level (2.1), the minimum typically needed to maintain a stable population
6567:
6549:
6115:
4842:
1979:. Experts say that conversions to Islam have doubled in the past 25 years in France, among the six million Muslims in France, about 100,000 are converts. On the other hand, according to
8754:
Today it is possible to speak of thousand of Kyrgyz and Kazakhs converted to Protestantism. This new phenomenon has clashed with the common belief that all native people must be Muslim
1435:" churches has declined in the United States since the late 1980s, but many of them do not leave Christianity, but rather convert to another Christian denomination, in particularly to
8041:
Since 2000, thousands of Algerian Muslims have put their faith in Christ. Algerian officials estimate the number of Christians at 50,000, but others say it could be twice that number.
1688:
16722:
1951:(CSIS) report argued that some Muslim population projections are overestimated, as they assume that all descendants of Muslims will become Muslims even in cases of mixed parenthood.
1529:, more people in Southeast Asia are converting to Christianity, and these new converts are mostly Chinese business managers. According to scholar Juliette Koning and Heidi Dahles of
15475:
2684:
Because Bahá'ís do not represent the majority of the population in any country, and most often represent only a tiny fraction of countries' total populations, there are problems of
1398:
Religious conversions are projected to have a "modest impact on changes in the religious groups including Christian population" between 2010 and 2050; and may negatively affect the
1309:, and a researcher specializing in criticism of Islam, "reports of widespread conversions of Muslims to Christianity come from regions as disparate as Algeria, Albania, Syria, and
10821:
8603:
2534:) for secular Jews to become more religiously observant, though the demographic implications of the trend are unknown. Additionally, there is also a growing rate of conversion to
14108:
School of Foreign Service Georgetown University John L. Esposito Founding Director of the Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding (27 December 1999).
2492:
favors seeking new members for the faith, this position has not translated into active proselytism, instead of taking the form of an effort to reach out to non-Jewish spouses of
1494:
also cited that Christianity ranks at first place in net gains through religious conversion. On the other hand, demographer Conrad Hackett of Pew Research Center stated that the
893:
may have grown by 600% over the previous 10 years. According to Pew Research Center, "largely through the efforts of missionaries and churches, Christianity has grown rapidly in
353:
This growth reverses the rapid decline that Chinese traditional religion faced in the 20th century. Moreover, Chinese religion has also spread throughout the world following the
16632:
16183:"Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)"
16155:"Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)"
13154:
2862:. Today, India is home to the largest Sikh population with 1.7% of its population, or about 20 million people identifying as Sikh. Within India, a majority of Sikhs live in the
68:
It is projected that birth rate – rather than conversion – will prove the main factor in the growth of any given religion. While according to other various scholars and sources
6650:
6432:
6372:
2069:
Generally, there are few reports about how many people leave Islam in Muslim majority countries. The main reason for this is the social and legal repercussions associated with
16959:
10282:
6927:
The 2006 Gallup poll, however, disclosed that an astounding 12 per cent of Japanese who claim a religion are now Christian, making six per cent of the entire nation Christian.
1887:, a comprehensive American study concluded in 2009 that the number of Muslims worldwide stood at about 23% of the world's population with 60% of the world's Muslims living in
463:
16812:
15592:
9256:
8712:
underground Protestant house-church movement, which Iran considers to be illegal. Meanwhile, according to Islamic and Iranian law, conversion from Islam is a capital offense.
12203:
8235:
According to Iranian sources in Baku, Western "religious front associations" have converted some 5,000 Azerbaijanis to various Christian evangelical denominations since 1991
6521:
1817:, Hinduism (1.52%) is one of the six fastest-growing religions in the world, with high birth rates in India being cited as the major reasons of the Hindu population growth.
11848:
8677:
The underground nature of the Christian conversion movement has made numbers impossible to determine accurately. Estimates range from 300,000 to 500,000 by various sources.
8978:
Converts to Christianity form a tiny minority of Moroccans. While no official statistics exist, the US State Department estimates their numbers at between 2,000 and 6,000.
4795:
6396:
the new survey. In all three countries, the share of the population that identifies with Orthodox Christianity is up significantly since the collapse of the Soviet Union.
11520:
15230:
13125:
4895:
13990:
the obligatory zakah which an ex-dhimmi should give to the Muslim state in case he converts to Islam dismisses the claim that its aim was forced conversions to Islam."
8823:
8656:
estimate. Other estimates put the number between 400,000-500,000 right up to 3 million... A March 2019 US Congressional Research Service report on Iran put the 300,000
1004:
926:, "there has been a rapid growth in the number of Chinese Christians" in Indonesia, and "conversion of Chinese to Christianity accelerated in the 1960s, especially in
866:. According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, around 9% of Latin Americans were raised as Protestant, but nearly 19% now identify themselves as Protestants.
17271:
1423:
Christianity in the United States is greater than the number of those leaving that faith. While on the other hand, in 2017, scholars Landon Schnabel and Sean Bock at
10058:
1923:. Another study found that the number of people who will leave Islam is 9,400,000 and the number of converts to Islam is 12,620,000 so the net gain to Islam through
10986:
10214:
9545:
Shay Khatiri of Johns Hopkins University wrote last year about Iran that "Islam is the fastest shrinking religion there, while Christianity is growing the fastest."
7742:
etween 1966 and 1976, almost 2 million ethnic Javanese, most from nominally Islamic backgrounds, converted to Christianity. Another 250,000 to 400,000 became Hindu.
5221:
adopted by members of lower castes and tribal peoples for whom religious conversion offered a way out of their low social status and lack of economic opportunities.
2600:
may have little impact on the Jewish population between 2010 and 2050; Jews are expected to lose 0.3 million adherents, between 2010 and 2050. According to a 2017
545:
study, by 2050 the number of Christians in absolute number is expected to grow to more than double in the next few decades, from 517 million to 1.1 billion in
17257:
11054:
8574:
65:
of Muslims. Religious conversion has no net impact on the Muslim population growth. In fact, conversion will have little impact on the size of religious groups.
11754:
11449:
5760:
4863:
4317:
may maintain, or even increase, the current numerical advantage of Christianity as the largest religion in the world and may negatively affect the growth of the
15828:
15760:
14089:, Quote = Jizyah: Compensation. Poll tax levied on non-Muslims as a form of tribute and in exchange for an exemption from military service, based on Quran 9:29.
13662:
13638:
13590:
13377:
13090:
13073:
13039:
12925:
12732:
12670:
12638:
12593:
12559:
12524:
12371:
12339:
12304:
11793:
10128:
10079:
10034:
6584:
6280:
5957:
5925:
5893:
5865:
5824:
5792:
5705:
5425:
5406:
5387:
5122:
2581:. Since 2005, the world's Jewish population has been growing modestly at a rate of around 0.78% (in 2013). This increase primarily reflects the rapid growth of
2458:
and extensive immigration, although the Jewish populations of other countries, in Europe and North America, have recently increased through immigration. In the
4500:
2151:
does not add significantly to the growth of the Muslim population in Europe, according to the same study the net loss is (−60,000) due to religious switching.
750:, however, most of them are non-practicing and non- church-attending. According to the same study, a large majority of those who raised as Christians (83%) in
9476:. Such accusations are particularly common in locales like northern Iraq and Algeria, where conversions of Kurds and Berbers are unusually high. 12 June 2021.
9350:
4542:
2.6) and the average of all non-Muslims (2.2). In all major regions where there is a sizable Muslim population, Muslim fertility exceeds non-Muslim fertility.
2249:
There exist different views among scholars about the spread of Islam. Islam began in Arabia and from 633 AD until the late 10th century it was spread through
11269:
US Druze settled in small towns and kept a low profile, joining Protestant churches (usually Presbyterian or Methodist) and often Americanizing their names..
4804:
Pentecostalism is widely recognized by religious scholars as the fastest-growing Christian movement in the world, reaching into many different denominations.
4306:. In China it is difficult to project rates at which Christianity, Islam and Buddhism are gaining converts, nor what are the retention rates among converts.
13876:
13080:
Projected Religious Composition of Europe in 2050, With and Without Religious Switching: SCENARIO WITH SWITCHING (10.2%), SCENARIO WITHOUT SWITCHING (10.1%)
12764:
7882:
all indigenous Christians ( whose numbers are impossible to determine but have been estimated by the State Department at 500-8,000 ) are converts from Islam
2515:, by contrast, have low Jewish birth rates, an increasingly elderly age composition, and a negative balance of people leaving Judaism versus those joining.
13358:
11384:
8918:
14189:
13236:
11321:
9540:
4944:
4756:
Today, one quarter of the two billion Christians in the world are Pentecostal or Charismatic. Pentecostalism is the fastest growing religion in the world.
2633:
17670:
17450:
8385:
4596:
4554:
4475:
2677:, and then again from the 1970s into the 1990s across some countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The most intense opposition has been in Iran and neighboring
9995:
8198:
8070:
there is an estimated 20,000 to 100,000 evangelical Christians in Algeria, who practice their faith in mainly unregistered churches in the Kabyle region
7177:
6764:
2771:. However, religiously unaffiliated is expected to grow slightly due to a decrease in the fertility rate among the religiously unaffiliated population.
1541:, Indonesia, and Malaysia are said to have the fastest-growing Christian communities and the majority of the new believers are "upwardly mobile, urban,
16435:
Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;
15955:"Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts"
7210:
4916:
2306:
regions in Central Asia, parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia via military invasions, traders and Sufi missionaries. According to some scholars, the
13775:
11031:
8112:
some Algerian Muslims who converted to Christianity kept a low profile due to concern for their personal safety and potential legal and social problem
4694:
1742:
and a significant increase in life expectancy. The fertility rate for Israeli Druze in 2017 is 2.1 children per woman, while the fertility rate among
1085:
estimate significantly more people have converted to Christianity from Islam in the 21st century than at any other point in Islamic history. The 2015
298:
may have little impact on the Buddhists population between 2010 and 2050; Buddhists are expected to lose 2.9 million adherents between 2010 and 2050.
15342:
12965:
12946:
12917:
12807:
10772:
9654:
9169:
8940:
There are no official statistics, but leaders say there are about 50,000 Moroccan Christians, most of them from the Protestant Evangelical tradition.
8439:
In 2017, the Finnish Immigration Service received approximately 1,000 asylum applications and appeals based on conversion from Islam to Christianity.
6820:
6568:"Max Weber and Pentecostals in Latin America: The Protestant Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital"
6550:"Max Weber and Pentecostals in Latin America: The Protestant Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital"
6116:"Max Weber and Pentecostals in Latin America: The Protestant Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital"
4843:"Max Weber and Pentecostals in Latin America: The Protestant Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital"
4458:
1683:
do not identify as a branch of Islam and view themselves as a separate religion. The Druze faith do not accept converts to their faith, nor practice
1517:
Christianity is growing rapidly in China and some other Asian countries and sub-Saharan Africa. According to a study by a scholar Fenggang Yang from
12403:
12225:
4925:
Pentecostalism grew at 2.2 percent each year, mainly by conversion. Half of developing-world Christians are Pentecostal, evangelical or charismatic.
4653:
1301:
estimated approximately that 20,000 Muslims converts to Christianity annually in the United States. Also according to the historian Daniel Pipes of
678:"many scholars claim that Pentecostalism is the fastest growing religious phenomenon in human history", and according to scholar Peter L. Berger of
18310:
17733:
17571:
15688:
15573:
14730:
13866:
Levy, Robert I. Mesocosm: Hinduism and the Organization of a Traditional Newar City in Nepal. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1990 1990.
12435:
7070:
16422:
15530:
14912:
14886:
14860:
14834:
14756:
10613:
902:, the percentage of Christians among Singaporeans increased from 12.7%, in 1990, to 17.5%, in 2010. According to scholar Michael Nai-Chiu Poon of
17042:
16658:
15662:
14808:
14782:
10842:
9302:
7531:
6489:
3019:, India where they found asylum from unjust persecutions and since then are called Parsi, since Indians called Persia Faras and hence named them
1000:
17654:
14625:
14493:
13500:
12702:
8706:
7380:
5487:
16541:
16052:
12042:
6906:
4524:
1948:
1907:
are projected to represent about 26.4% of the global population (out of a total of 7.9 billion people). According to a 2019 study by the
13324:
7618:
Garrison, David; 2014; "A Wind in the House of Islam: How God Is Drawing Muslims Around The World To Faith in Jesus Christ"; WIGTake Resources
6845:
6783:
2688:. In addition, there are examples where the adherents have their highest density among minorities in societies who face their own challenges.
2370:
states that the spread of Islam "was often peaceful and sometimes even received favorably by Christians". In a 2008 conference on religion at
1601:, between 1965 and 1985 about 2.5 million Indonesians converted from Islam to Christianity. Many people who convert to Christianity face
17994:. No. 676. Department of Statistics at the Baháʼí World Centre. Baháʼí World Center, Haifa: Baháʼí International Community. pp. 2–7
16365:
14261:
12488:
10728:
They also point out that more educated migrants and those from Hong Kong are more likely to become Christians than those from mainland China.
9869:
9488:
8668:
6615:
Just one-in-ten Latin Americans (9%) were raised in Protestant churches, but nearly one-in-five (19%) now describe themselves as Protestants.
6462:
6390:
4366:
6 million of those converts came from Indonesia however the report also includes the descendants of those who converted in Indonesia as well.
13616:
13272:
13203:
12611:
11613:
11132:
The worldwide population of Druze is put at up to one million, with most living in mountainous regions in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Israel.
10929:
Christianity has flourished in post-colonial Singapore, especially attracting conversions from among young, urbanized and English- educated.
10758:
8522:
8451:
Fahlbusch, Erwin; Bromiley, Geoffrey William; Lochman, Jan Milic; Mbiti, John; Pelikan, Jaroslav; Vischer, Lukas; Barrett, David B. (2003).
6263:
5738:
Christians still form the largest group, constituting one third of the world's population. Christianity is growing on average by 2.3% a year
1832:. According to 2011 census, Hinduism has become the fastest-growing religion in Australia since 2006, due to migration from India and Fiji.
16621:
being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000-500,000 in 2021.
16027:
14239:
13441:
10525:
8952:
7084:
5622:
1409:
1368:
16783:
15479:
5528:
1571:
It has been reported also that increasing numbers of young people or educated people are becoming Christians in several countries such as
468:
15720:
15093:
14526:
12099:
11825:
9578:
9557:
9244:
a number that vastly exceeds the size of present-day Turkish-speaking Protestant churches, of whose 3,000 members are converts from Islam
9124:
5057:
4972:
4578:
2959:
2795:, 39% of the population are irreligious, making it the country with the largest irreligious population percentage in the Oceania region.
14082:
13550:
The service said in its most recent annual report dating from 2010 that Salafism was the fastest growing Islamic movement in the world…
13244:
13151:
11572:
10740:
10309:
7515:
estimated that over 2 million Javanese Muslims became Christians between 1965 and 1971, and Pentecostal churches gained the most members
6966:
13182:
12859:
11914:
9643:"Iranian Diaspora Christians in the American Midwest & Scotland: Historical Background, Present Realities, & Future Challenges"
6940:
6680:
5011:
2323:
1944:
1876:
1814:
1037:
in 2021, around 19% of American those who say they were raised Jewish or who had at least one Jewish parent now identify as Christian.
526:
16914:
16636:
16447:
7902:
Reports of widespread conversions of Muslims to Christianity come from regions as disparate as Algeria, Albania, Syria, and Kurdistan.
7122:
6039:
611:
there. in 2018 a new data from the Gordon Theological Seminary shows that, for the first time ever, more number of Christians live in
13229:
11502:
8638:
8624:
8296:
8180:
7111:"Five Centuries After Reformation, Catholic-Protestant Divide in Western Europe Has Faded," Pew Research Center, 31 August 2017, 5/11
6658:
6409:
4719:
With its remarkable ability to adapt to different cultures, Pentecostalism has become the world's fastest growing religious movement.
17351:
16963:
15309:
10289:
16820:
16747:
15609:
15589:
14424:
Danzger, M. Herbert (2008). "The 'Return' to Traditional Judaism at the End of the Twentieth Century: Cross-Cultural Comparisons".
13215:
12192:
10696:"Indians say it is important to respect all religions, but major religious groups see little in common and want to live separately"
9676:
8935:
8844:
3092:
2563:
2406:
1614:
1551:
the "number of Chinese Protestants has grown by an average of 10 percent annually since 1979". According to scholar Todd Hartch of
485:
survey, there are 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. And according to a 2012
17:
17588:
12994:
12969:
12890:
12158:
11845:
9613:
9040:
7932:
3023:. Recent estimates place the current number of Zoroastrians at around 110,000–120,000, at most with the majority living in India,
1007:, it is among the top ten largest Christian denominations in the U.S., and it was the fastest growing church in the U.S. in 2012.
16842:
15283:
14466:
8363:
7309:
7178:"Número de brasileiros católicos cai abaixo dos 70% pela 1ª vez (Percent of Brazilian Catholics is below 70% for the first time)"
6440:
5028:
2073:
in many Muslim majority countries, up to and including the death penalty for apostasy. On the other hand, the increasingly large
390:
is a "diffused religion" rather than "institutional". It is a meaning system of social solidarity and identity, ranging from the
17011:
16511:
15702:
10517:
8053:
7798:
Simultaneously, a considerable number of muslims (about 2 million) converted to Christianity and Hinduism, a most unique event.
6436:
4992:
1048:, since the 1960s there has been a substantial increase in the number of conversions from Islam to Christianity, mostly to the
803:
682:"the spread of Pentecostal Christianity may be the fastest growing movement in the history of religion". Changes in worldwide
364:, the rebirth of traditional religion in China is faster and larger than the spread of other religions in the country, such as
17684:
17425:
8878:
Harussani Zakaria, publicly fulminated that up to 260,000 Muslims in Malaysia had left the faith and converted to Christianity
7714:
MBBs also live in the West, with the United States hosting by far the most (450,000) and Bulgaria the most in Europe (45,000).
6704:
6632:
4771:
373:
than elsewhere, temples of folk religion are usually twenty or even a hundred times as numerous as Christian church buildings.
18217:
18164:
18132:
18100:
18068:
17864:
17768:
16896:
15910:
15238:
14441:
14310:
14119:
13965:
13224:
13122:
11237:
11153:
10969:
7826:
Some 2 million nominally Islamic Javanese reacted against the violence of their Muslim brethren by converting to Christianity
7453:
4671:
2397:
has also discussed the Jizyah issue and stated that Muslim governments discouraged conversion but were unable to prevent it.
18008:
11585:
9526:
8923:
Converted Moroccans — most of them secret worshippers, of whom there are estimated to be anywhere between 5,000 and 40,000 —
7579:
Between 1966 and 1976, almost two million ethnic Javanese, most from abangan Islamic backgrounds, converted to Christianity.
18339:
16182:
16154:
7962:"Better than Muslims, Not as Good as Greeks: Emigration as Experienced and Imagined by the Albanian Christians of Lunxhëri"
6208:
2530:. As a result of the efforts by these and other Jewish groups over the past 25 years, there has been a trend (known as the
1498:
gives a higher estimate for percent Christian when compared to other cross-national data sets. While according to the book
13521:
Though solid numbers are hard to come by, they're routinely described as the fastest-growing movement in modern-day Islam.
2569:
In 1939, the core Jewish population reached its historical peak of 17 million (0.8% of the global population). Because of
2032:
Map of the world by population of Muslims. Although the faith began in Arabia, its three largest communities are found in
1090:(600,000), Iran (500,000 versus only 500 in 1979), the United States (450,000), Ethiopia (400,000) and Algeria (380,000).
16591:
does not ask about religion, 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the
16103:
13533:
9058:
2717:
1718:
1395:. Churches in Europe say that there is an increase in the number of Muslims converting to Christianity among immigrants.
711:
493:; if current trends continue, by 2050 the number of Christians will reach 3 billion (or 31.4%). According to a 2017
249:
Buddhism is the majority religion in the following nine countries: Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Bhutan,
18327:
18150:
18118:
18086:
18054:
17820:
12929:
10809:
The reason is that a growing number of Iranians, especially the young, are converting to Zoroastrianism or Christianity.
10396:
7262:
5281:"The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010"
2623:
1964:
529:, Christianity (growth rate, 1.38%) is one of the six fastest-growing religions in the world, with high birth rates and
498:
490:
18296:
The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global religious landscape, revealing the size and distribution of
17809:
16944:
16929:
16613:
15809:
13571:
12797:
12065:
11951:
11485:
10500:
9952:
Many of the Druze have chosen to deemphasize their ethnic identity, and some have officially converted to Christianity.
8578:
7603:
6718:
5371:
5195:; Nair, Seeta (6 March 2014). "Geographies of Religious Conversion". In Rambo, Lewis R.; Farhadian, Charles E. (eds.).
3050:
2354:) while some scholars indicate that some Muslim rulers in India did not consistently collect the jizya (poll tax) from
506:
151:
17821:
The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010
17606:
16261:
13374:
12279:
11904:
11744:
11439:
8313:
it is estimated that as many as 91,000 Muslims across Bangladesh have converted to Christianity in the last six years.
6098:
5750:
4751:
2314:– which translated means "protected persons") in Islamic empires While other scholars oppose this belief, because the
17976:
17930:
17903:
17156:
15877:
14409:
14026:
13938:
13854:
11633:
11556:
11262:
11209:
11011:
10852:
10844:
The Perception of Christianity as a Rational Religion in Singapore: A Missiological Analysis of Christian Conversione
10802:
10721:
10679:
10654:
10354:
9976:
9945:
9892:
9835:
9806:
9781:
9756:
9728:
9699:
9625:
9498:
9388:
9360:
9283:
9237:
9208:
9153:
9102:
9016:
8973:
8899:
8871:
8831:
P.25: By the early 2000s, some scholars estimated the total number of Kyrgyz converts to Christianity to about 25,000
8807:
8747:
8689:
8591:
Over 20,000 Kashmiri Muslims are reported to have converted to Christianity since the inception of militancy in 1990.
8504:
8485:
8460:
8256:
8228:
8161:
8133:
8091:
8002:
7973:
7944:
7875:
7847:
7819:
7791:
7763:
7735:
7572:
7541:
7508:
7433:
7293:
6950:
6887:
6745:
6356:
6245:
6218:
6164:
6082:
5731:
5606:
5355:
5244:
5206:
5165:
4873:
4712:
1769:
is the third largest religion in the world. Hindus made up about 17% of the world's population in 2010. According to
17210:
14061:
13412:
11694:
10441:
10427:
10413:
7237:
6433:"Engendering Charismatic Economies: Pentecostalism, Global Political Economy, and the Crisis of Social Reproduction"
6120:
The spread of Pentecostal Christianity may be the fastest growing movement in the history of religion (Berger 2009).
3095:
in the United States, or census data from Australia (which has included a voluntary religious question since 1911).
2723:
651:
is one of the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world. According to various scholars and sources
14603:
10695:
9600:
P.19: A part of the Muslims in emigration are directly or indirectly induced to convert to Catholicism or Orthodoxy
9410:
themselves and their families," writes Daveed Gartenstein-Ross, a Washington-based terrorism analyst in Commentary.
7991:"Albanian Immigrants in the Greek City: Spatial 'Invisibility' and Identity Management as a Strategy of Adaptation"
7919:
P.19: A part of the Muslims in emigration are directly or indirectly induced to convert to Catholicism or Orthodoxy
7151:
4345:
18239:
16394:
14001:"Bülent Özdemir - Political Use of Conversion in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Context: Some Cases From Salonica"
13880:
12942:
11722:
9076:
7548:
Between 1966 and 1976, some 2 million ethnic Javanese from nominally Islamic backgrounds converted to Christianity
7440:
Since the 1960s, there has been a substantial increase in the number of Muslims who have converted to Christianity
4623:
2102:
online polling to provide greater anonymity for respondents, surveyed 50,000 Iranians and found 32% identified as
1075:: Since the mid and late 1960s, between two million to 2.5 million Muslims converted to Christianity in Indonesia.
314:
18368:
13749:
13714:
13471:
11302:
9735:
gained through ethnographic research with Turkish and Kurdish converts to Christianity in both Turkey and German.
9422:
4780:
The world's fastest-growing religion is not any type of fundamentalism, but the Pentecostal wing of Christianity.
2697:
1526:
212:
18260:
Sustaining Faith Traditions: Race, Ethnicity, and Religion among the Latino and Asian American Second Generation
16694:
13897:
11071:
10241:
9583:
Recent estimates claim that the number might have climbed up to somewhere between one million and three million.
4734:
2653:
2617:
1931:(2.9 million). The growth of Islam from 2010 to 2020 has been estimated at 1.70% due to high birthrates in
18282:
18267:
16989:
15835:
15767:
13669:
13645:
13597:
13233:
13097:
13070:
13046:
12834:
12739:
12677:
12645:
12590:
12566:
12531:
12378:
12346:
12311:
11800:
10135:
10086:
10041:
8107:
6287:
5964:
5932:
5900:
5876:
5831:
5799:
5702:
5463:
5422:
5403:
5384:
5129:
5075:
4951:
4603:
4561:
4482:
2799:
low fertility among unaffiliated or Nonreligious (1.7 children per woman in the 2010–2015 period). Sociologist
2493:
2181:
will continue to shrink as a result of which Muslims and non-Muslims fertility rate will be identical by 2050.
923:
783:
and Bulgaria has been significantly increased between 1991 and 2015. According to scholar Barry John Tolmay of
17666:
17461:
14651:
11877:
10518:"Estimating the Religious Composition of All Nations: An Empirical Assessment of the World Christian Database"
8263:
the 1990s these front organizations succeeded in converting some 5,000 Azeris to various Christian evangelical
8024:
In 1990, as the situation began to worsen, many Muslim Albanians contemplated a mass conversion to Catholicism
1671:; the number of Druzites worldwide is between 800,000 and one million, with the vast majority residing in the
1060:
with colonial powers in contrast to Roman Catholic and Mainline Protestant Churches, as well as the rising of
17946:
14000:
10466:
10327:
10188:
9473:
9328:
8342:
7897:
7709:
7691:
6985:
4509:
This growth has to do with the relatively young age of the Muslim population as well as high fertility rates.
4335:
2875:
2665:
religion between 1910 and 2010, growing at least twice as fast as the population of almost every UN region."
1462:
1030:
17987:
14392:
DellaPergola, Sergio (2016), "World Jewish Population, 2015", in Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira M. (eds.),
13294:
9851:
8766:
8168:
Many of the minority of Muslims who came in this wave married Argentinean women and converted to Catholicism
6373:"Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues"
6103:
Massive Growth Under the Radar: Each day, 35,000 people are born again through baptism with the Holy Spirit.
2791:, in Mexico, the number of atheists grows annually by 5.2%, while the number of Catholics grows by 1.7%. In
17790:
16286:
16210:
15980:
13805:
13783:
12915:
11937:
10829:
P.15: Chiaramonte (2016), that it is young people in particular who convert to Christianity in today's Iran
8919:"'House-Churches' and Silent Masses —The Converted Christians of Morocco Are Praying in Secret – VICE News"
5306:
5280:
4455:
2879:
2310:(poll tax) was the most important factor in the mass conversion to Islam, the tax paid by all non-Muslims (
1597:
1547:
1533:
there is a "rapid expansion of charismatic Christianity from the 1980s onwards. Singapore, Mainland China,
1530:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1275:
1081:
708:, 16% in Europe, 13% in Asia and the Pacific and 10% of the world's Christians will live in North America.
391:
18207:
15151:
Synopsis of References to the Baháʼí Faith, in the US State Department's Reports on Human Rights 1991-2000
9642:
9173:
8326:"Urban culture, religious conversion, and crossing ethnic fluidity among the Bulgarian Muslims ("Pomaks")"
5157:
Religions and Trade: Religious Formation, Transformation and Cross-Cultural Exchange between East and West
2746:) make up about 18.2% of Europe's population, and they make up the majority of the population in only two
2318:
was not of great value, and those who could not pay it were exempt from it. (such as Christians under the
16567:
16189:
16161:
16107:
16082:
15981:"The Daily — The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity"
13191:
12706:
12413:
12235:
10941:
Sukman, Jang (2004). "Historical Currents and Characteristics of Korean Protestantism after Liberation".
7020:
6317:
4819:
4376:
generalized to apply to this entire demographic. It has a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error.
2235:
In 2010 Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nigeria was home for (47.8%) of the world's Muslims.
2062:
1947:, the World Christian Database as of 2007 has Islam as the fastest-growing religion in the world. A 2007
1552:
1399:
1298:
407:
85:
17748:
16537:
15538:
14734:
11089:
7045:
18363:
14916:
14864:
14838:
14760:
11864:
10558:
The Next Christendom: The Rise of Global Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. 270 pp.
10115:
9404:
7565:
The Politics of Religion in Indonesia: Syncretism, Orthodoxy, and Religious Contention in Java and Bali
5544:
1331:
somewhere between 1 million and 3 million". Converting to Christianity is growing among Muslims in the
831:
530:
428:
347:
53:
is the fastest-growing major religion in the world. A comprehensive religious forecast for 2050 by the
15929:
14890:
14812:
14786:
14172:
14047:
13458:
It also reveals that Salafism was cited in 2010 as the fastest growing Islamic movement on the planet.
11334:
7330:
6497:
2290:, Islam was spread after military conquests after Arab armies began overtaking Christian regions from
18297:
17553:
15639:
14629:
14501:
12710:
7377:
4847:
Many scholars claim that Pentecostalism is the fastest growing religious phenomenon in human history.
4303:
3008:
2455:
2339:
1602:
1560:
899:
377:
The number of adherents of the Chinese traditional religion is difficult to count, because of :
17068:
16056:
15893:
Tatla, Darshan S. (2005), "Sikh Diaspora", in Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R.; Skoggard, Ian (eds.),
11410:
11322:"Syria Religious Composition 2018". Columbia University - School of International and Public Affairs
10827:. Office of the Commissioner-General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Belgium. 22 February 2009.
8609:. Office of the Commissioner-General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Belgium. 22 February 2009.
6853:
6787:
16476:
16312:
15954:
14581:
13321:
11169:
10879:
Converts to Christianity tend to come from the young, educated, English-speaking Chinese generation
10714:
After Migration And Religious Affiliation: Religions, Chinese Identities And Transnational Networks
6914:
5669:
2527:
2331:
1857:
1758:
1555:, by 2005, around 6 million Africans converted to Christianity annually. While the exact number of
1456:
1444:
1323:
1057:
692:
675:
644:
438:
168:
76:
Christian movement – is the fastest growing religion in the world, this growth is primarily due to
15801:
15501:
13613:
13508:
12499:
12131:
9441:
6802:
6260:
4825:
flourishing in Africa, Latin America, and Asia and having an equally significant effect on Canada.
4663:
1657:
945:, the percentage of Christians has grown from 21.4%, in 1953, to 50.8%, in 2010. In South Africa,
18174:
18078:
18046:
18022:
16659:"2071.0 - Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016"
16382:
Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000.
14086:
13914:
H. Patrick Glenn, Legal Traditions of the World. Oxford University Press, 2007, pp. 218–219.
13269:
13200:
13195:
11001:
9983:
some Christians (mostly from the Orthodox faith), as well as Druze, converted to Protestantism...
9885:
The Slow Disappearance of the Syriacs from Turkey and of the Grounds of the Mor Gabriel Monastery
9504:
8181:"The Catholic and Protestant churches are working together to draw up guidelines for conversions"
6598:
4880:
Pentecostalism arguably has been the fastest growing religious movement in the contemporary world
4385:
Atheism and agnosticism are not typically considered religions, but data about the prevalence of
4313:, but according to media reports and expert assessments, it is possible that the rapid growth of
4094:
Net change of religions due to religious conversion by Pew Research Center between 2010 and 2050
3633:
2703:
2224:, it will grow 1% to 2%. In Asia Pacific region, Muslims will surpass the Hindus by the time. In
2185:
1711:
1467:
1364:
1045:
1014:
942:
592:
15738:
14227:
13445:
11651:"Coming Home (Ghar Wapsi) and Going Away: Politics and the Mass Conversion Controversy in India"
10573:"Chinese Conversion to Evangelical Christianity: The Importance of Social and Cultural Contexts"
7401:
5503:
4704:
1967:; and if current trends continue, the number of Muslims will reach 2.9 billion (or 31.1%).
1848:, the process is called "reconversion" of Christians and Muslims who were previously converted.
16265:
15617:
14552:
12106:
10162:"Christianity faces sharp decline as Americans are becoming even less affiliated with religion"
9595:
7914:
6132:
4340:
3543:
2887:
2250:
2184:
It is often reported from various sources, including the German domestic intelligence service (
1747:
1286:
1135:
890:
886:
784:
719:
604:
596:
582:
578:
413:
361:
18182:
17703:
17667:"Dr. Todd M. Johnson " Institute on Culture, Religion & World Affairs – Boston University"
17146:
16985:
15439:
15108:
14530:
14098:
Jenkins, Philip. "The Lost History of Christianity." HarperCollins, New York, 2008, p. 118-119
11546:
11475:
10355:"The Persistent and Exceptional Intensity of American Religion: A Response to Recent Research"
9170:"Fearing a new holy empire: Just when Turks are worried about Christians, here comes the Pope"
6970:
6191:
5596:
2462:, in almost every country the Jewish population in general is either declining or steady, but
1474:
According to study published by the missionary statistician and professor David B. Barrett of
18340:
FAQ from Adherents.com describing why it is difficult to measure the fastest-growing religion
16369:
15317:
14300:
12159:"More in France Are Turning to Islam, Challenging a Nation's Idea of Itself (Published 2013)"
12037:
11625:
10397:"Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth?: Demography and Politics in the Twenty-First Century"
9749:
The Postsocialist Religious Question: Faith and Power in Central Asia and East-Central Europe
9721:
Convert Alert: German Muslims and Turkish Christians as Threats to Security in the New Europe
7280:
7247:
4314:
4226:
The largest net gains for the religiously unaffiliated between 2010 and 2050 are expected in
4090:
Buddhists and Jews are expected to lose 2.9 million and 0.3 million adherents, respectively.
3408:
2727:
2531:
2221:
2131:
2097:
Muslims decreased from 42% in 2008 to 31% in 2012 according to a telephone survey around the
1783:
1404:
1306:
981:
935:
903:
894:
878:
501:; and the number of Christians will reach 3.05 billion (or 31.8%). According to scholar
474:
387:
342:
120:
15793:
15175:"Religious Persecution & Oppression: A Study of Iranian Baha'ís' Strategies of Survival"
14574:
13179:
12867:
11932:
8538:
Er lächelt und antwortet in einwandfreiem Griechisch: ‚Ich bin eigentlich auch ein Albaner.'
7961:
5703:
The Future of World Religions p.8 Table: Size and Projected Growth of Major Religious Groups
5345:
5008:
2946:, "The two most recent American Religious Identification Surveys declare Wicca, one form of
2608:
around the world is expected to increase from 14.2 million in 2015 to 16.3 million in 2060.
1488:, approximately 2.7 million converting to Christianity annually from another religion,
1056:
forms. According to Blainey, this is due to several reasons, including the lack of ties of
18329:
Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth?: Demography and Politics in the Twenty-First Century
17584:
Todd M. Johnson, Brian J. Grim, International religious demographic statistics and sources
16596:
14168:
12258:"Vatican: Islam Surpasses Roman Catholicism as World's Largest Religion | Europe News"
11115:
9120:
6849:
6585:"The State Of Pentecostalism In Southeast Asia: Ethnicity, Class And Leadership – Analysis"
4086:
3453:
3042:
3015:
increased with the rise of Islam. From the 10th century onwards, Zoroastrians emigrated to
3004:
2883:
2597:
2481:
2172:
2148:
2115:
1924:
1739:
1668:
1642:
1479:
1452:
1356:
970:
907:
869:
823:
663:
632:
558:
295:
124:
77:
43:
16618:
14370:
14152:
14042:
13739:
Stark, Rodney. "God's Battalions: The Case for the Crusades". HarperCollins, 2009, p.15,93
9692:
Rise of French Laicite: French Secularism from the Reformation to the Twenty-first Century
9109:
In 2016, the government estimated the number of Christian converts at up to 3,000 persons.
8642:
8300:
5989:
Johnson, Todd M.; Zurlo, Gina A.; Hickman, Albert W.; Crossing, Peter F. (November 2017).
3813:
1867:
Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the world. In 1990, 1.1 billion people were
8:
16960:"Our year-long exploration of religions ends with Unitarianian Universalism and paganism"
16847:
16788:
16699:
16604:
16515:
16410:
There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California.
16290:
16214:
15794:
15613:
15321:
14219:
13333:
12895:
12466:
12198:
11359:
10192:
10166:
9332:
7100:
Protestants: 625,606,000; Independents: 421,689,000; Unaffiliated Christians: 123,508,000
6602:
6322:
5872:
5540:
4627:
4528:
4330:
4082:
2811:
2776:
2759:
2735:
2601:
2593:
2578:
2554:
2411:
2155:
2111:
1960:
1955:
1908:
1791:
1770:
1699:
1698:
is home to the largest Druzite community in the world, according to a study published by
1475:
1432:
1416:
1034:
1018:
931:
915:
843:
772:
739:
715:
662:
movement – is the fastest growing religion in the world, this growth is primarily due to
636:
542:
494:
486:
482:
302:
291:
286:
285:
According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey, over the next four decades the number of
145:
54:
16758:
16006:"Table QS210EW 2011 Census: Religion (Detailed), local authorities in England and Wales"
14993:
14190:"Haredi Orthodox account for bulk of Jewish population growth in New York City – Nation"
13823:
13212:
1282:
converted to Christianity annually, but were not publicized due to fear of retribution.
282:
is the only Buddhist majority region in Europe. It is an autonomous republic in Russia.
17955:
17915:
The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography
17870:
17585:
17095:
16600:
16341:
15196:
14015:
13394:
13264:
13249:
13163:
12616:
11287:
10920:
10912:
10871:
10592:
10261:
9918:
9037:
8740:
Religious Identity and Social Change: Explaining Christian conversion in a Muslim world
8430:
7348:
7127:
6010:
4283:
4247:
2823:
2637:
2199:
2086:
2054:
2033:
2022:
1928:
1522:
1448:
1428:
1424:
1302:
993:
989:
985:
818:
is growing primarily as a result of historic missionary activity and the recently high
696:
546:
502:
459:
354:
183:
49:
Studies in the 21st century suggest that, in terms of percentage and worldwide spread,
37:
and the increase in the numbers of religious adherents around the world. In sociology,
17012:"PRLog (Press Release) "Wicca"- The Fastest Growing Belief System in the World Today!"
14470:
13169:
12966:"The Future of the Global Muslim Population - Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life"
12947:"The Future of the Global Muslim Population - Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life"
12926:"The Future of the Global Muslim Population - Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life"
10627:
6942:
Handbook of Religion: A Christian Engagement with Traditions, Teachings, and Practices
5239:. Ethnographies of Religion. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 119.
2938:
an average annual growth of 143% for the period 1990 to 2001 (from 8,000 to 134,000 –
1621:
grew from 6,000 to 49,000, representing about 0.02% of the US population at the time.
18278:
18263:
18213:
18198:
18160:
18128:
18096:
18064:
17972:
17926:
17899:
17874:
17860:
17805:
17621:
17565:
17231:
17152:
16748:"Proportion and growth rate of population by religious communities, India, 1961–2001"
16680:
16563:
16132:
15906:
15873:
15805:
15682:
15200:
15146:
15045:
14999:
14437:
14405:
14306:
14115:
14022:
13961:
13955:
13934:
13850:
13567:
13174:
12257:
12166:
12073:
11629:
11552:
11481:
11258:
11233:
11205:
11149:
11104:
Christian - Muslim Fertility Differences in Poor Settings in Greater Beirut, Lebanon
11007:
10965:
10924:
10848:
10798:
10717:
10675:
10650:
10538:
10496:
9972:
9941:
9888:
9831:
9802:
9777:
9752:
9724:
9695:
9621:
9494:
9384:
9356:
9279:
9233:
9204:
9149:
9098:
9012:
8895:
8867:
8803:
8743:
8481:
8456:
8434:
8325:
8297:"Country Policy and Information Note - Bangladesh: Religious minorities and atheists"
8252:
8224:
8157:
8129:
8087:
7998:
7995:
Migration in the Southern Balkans. From Ottoman Territory to Globalized Nation States
7969:
7940:
7871:
7843:
7815:
7787:
7759:
7731:
7599:
7568:
7537:
7504:
7472:
7429:
7289:
6946:
6883:
6741:
6555:
continues to grow, both by conversion and by high birth rates (Freston 2013, p. 104).
6352:
6241:
6214:
6160:
6078:
6014:
5990:
5727:
5602:
5499:
5351:
5240:
5202:
5161:
4989:
4869:
4708:
4667:
4299:
3104:
3012:
2898:
2871:
2519:
2439:
2327:
2123:
2094:
2070:
2037:
1976:
1920:
1779:
1775:
1518:
1503:
1447:
has persisted and expanded in the United States. And according to Eric Kaufmann from
1332:
1167:
807:
679:
510:
509:, the global Christian population increased at an average annual rate of 2.3%, while
338:
128:
97:
17688:
15226:
13487:
It is the fastest-growing movement within the fastest-growing religion in the world.
12007:
11055:"Dying for Christianity: millions at risk amid rise in persecution across the globe"
10428:"Barrett, David B. (1927-2011): Missionary Statistician and Sociologist of Religion"
10414:"Barrett, David B. (1927-2011): Missionary Statistician and Sociologist of Religion"
9081:
A community of Syrians who converted to Christianity from Islam is growing in Kobani
8990:
8057:
5160:. Dynamics in the History of Religions. Leiden: BRILL (published 2013). p. xi.
2644:
18194:
18034:
17918:
17852:
17826:(Report). Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life. pp. 53–56
17509:"Kurdistan, the only government in Middle East that recognizes religious diversity"
16592:
15898:
15865:
15186:
14429:
14397:
14223:
13561:
12950:
11662:
11621:
11590:
11179:
10904:
10584:
10534:
10490:
10369:
10219:
9596:"GOD IN THE "LAND OF THE MERCEDES" THE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES IN ALBANIA SINCE 1990"
9446:
8420:
8412:
7915:"GOD IN THE "LAND OF THE MERCEDES" THE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES IN ALBANIA SINCE 1990"
7593:
7476:
7468:
6002:
4700:
4659:
3108:
2902:
2477:
2463:
2363:
2090:
2045:
1972:
1916:
1352:
1348:
1336:
1294:
1041:
839:
776:
759:
477:
has increased significantly; from 4 million before 1949 to 67 million in 2010.
93:
38:
17184:
15407:
15343:
Riḍván 1989 letter from the Universal House of Justice to the Bahá'ís of the World
13562:
David B. Barrett; George Thomas Kurian; Todd M. Johnson, eds. (15 February 2001).
10741:"Why the Chinese government is targeting young Christians in its latest crackdown"
10491:
David B. Barrett; George Thomas Kurian; Todd M. Johnson, eds. (15 February 2001).
7594:
David B. Barrett; George Thomas Kurian; Todd M. Johnson, eds. (15 February 2001).
7090:. Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
5628:. Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
5498:. Religions & Christianity in Today's China, Vol. II, 2012, No. 3, pp. 29–54,
5201:. Oxford Handbooks. Oxford: Oxford University Press (published 2014). p. 75.
2163:
1617:(ARIS) survey estimated that between 1990 and 2001 the number of self-identifying
18317:
18290:
Religion on the Move!: New Dynamics of Religious Expansion in a Globalizing World
18289:
18146:
18142:
18114:
18110:
18082:
18050:
18014:
17840:
17772:
17592:
17073:
16337:
15902:
15596:
14109:
13928:
13620:
13381:
13328:
13299:
13276:
13240:
13219:
13207:
13186:
13158:
13129:
12921:
12802:
12765:"Losing their religion: the hidden crisis of faith among Britain's young Muslims"
11852:
11699:
11477:
Religion on the Move!: New Dynamics of Religious Expansion in a Globalizing World
11173:
9044:
7384:
6267:
6235:
6154:
6072:
5494:
5234:
5196:
5155:
5015:
4996:
4462:
3073:
3000:
2828:
2685:
2559:
2523:
2512:
2459:
2394:
2379:
2371:
2244:
2217:
2212:
2119:
2080:
1959:
net gains through religious conversion into Islam (420,000). According to a 2017
1726:
1559:
converts to Christianity in India is not available, scholar William R. Burrow of
1340:
965:
667:
395:
160:
18336:, Belfer Center, Harvard University/Birkbeck College, University of London (PDF)
17788:
Barrett, David B.; Kurian, George T.; Johnson, Todd M. (2001). "World Summary".
14401:
13008:
10467:"Dr. Todd M. Johnson | Institute on Culture, Religion & World Affairs: CURA"
9579:"America Must Focus on Religious Persecution against Iranian Christian Converts"
9558:"America Must Focus on Religious Persecution against Iranian Christian Converts"
6599:"Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region"
2256:
938:, particularly among youth, and a high number of teens are becoming Christians.
17882:
17530:
17486:
17399:
17378:"Hopes for Zoroastrianism revival in Kurdistan as first temple opens its doors"
17377:
16609:
16316:
16240:
14433:
14357:
12284:
11909:
11749:
11444:
11103:
9799:
Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and Self-Expression, 2d ed
8275:
7215:
Latter-day Saint Social Life: Social Research on the LDS Church and Its Members
7185:
5755:
4266:
is expected to have the largest net loss of followers between 2010 and 2050 in
3948:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2964:
2894:
2800:
2751:
2713:
2574:
2535:
2501:
2497:
2489:
2359:
2319:
2167:
2143:
2139:
2041:
2028:
2018:
2013:
1730:
1729:
growth rate (2.5%) and the total population growth (1.7%), but higher than the
1707:
1514:
1440:
1436:
1384:
1267:
946:
919:
811:
768:
764:
755:
751:
735:
723:
652:
608:
522:
518:
116:
69:
62:
57:
predicts that the global Muslim population will grow at a faster rate than the
17922:
13537:
13142:
4652:
Miller, Donald E; Sargeant, Kimon H; Flory, Richard, eds. (9 September 2013).
1903:
global Muslim population increased at an average annual rate of 2.2%. By 2030
18357:
18333:
18255:
17856:
17625:
16236:
15610:"'No Religion' on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation"
15067:
15049:
15044:. Armenian Research Center collection. St. Martin's Press. pp. 470–473.
15037:
15003:
14296:
13417:
13147:
12170:
12077:
11072:
https://commons.trincoll.edu/aris/files/2013/11/ARIS-2001-report-complete.pdf
10215:"Christians are leaving the faith in droves and the trend isn't slowing down"
10059:"Christians are leaving the faith in droves and the trend isn't slowing down"
9130:
8829:. The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies. 20 June 2020.
8386:"Hundreds of asylum seekers in Finland converting from Islam to Christianity"
8140:
many as 20,000 to 40,000 Algerians, mostly Berbers, who have become Christian
7454:"Conversion Out of Islam: A Study of Conversion Narratives of Former Muslims"
6006:
4295:
4275:
4267:
4255:
4235:
4227:
3028:
2923:
2863:
2833:
2586:
2570:
2471:
2431:
2225:
2207:
2177:
1894:
1845:
1829:
1807:
1734:
1722:
1676:
1634:
1290:
1279:
1022:
977:
958:
835:
815:
705:
683:
648:
620:
600:
574:
570:
562:
550:
514:
18038:
17337:
11282:
10614:"Understanding the rapid rise of Charismatic Christianity in Southeast Asia"
9913:
8669:"'Our second mother': Iran's converted Christians find sanctuary in Germany"
7993:. In Vermeulen, Hans; Baldwin-Edwards, Martin; Van Boeschoten, Riki (eds.).
7812:
The Limits Of Social Cohesion: Conflict And Mediation In Pluralist Societies
7071:"Think religion is in decline? Look at who is 'going forth and multiplying'"
5488:
People's Republic of China: Religions and Churches Statistical Overview 2011
4688:
4686:
4321:. This scenario (Chinese scenario) is based primarily on sensitivity tests.
2202:: By 2050, India is projected to have the world's largest Muslim population.
2195:
1879:, as of 2007 estimated that the fastest-growing religion of the world to be
953:
914:
annual rate of 7% as of 2015. Some reports also show that the number of the
18178:
17629:
15925:
15419:
15263:. Genocide Watch; The International Alliance to End Genocide. 28 March 2012
15063:
14998:(PhD). Department of Geography, University of Hawaii. pp. 458–9, 472.
14335:
14302:
Jewish Survival: The Identity Problem at the Close of the Twentieth Century
14262:"Israel and the U.S. are Home to More Than Four-Fifths of the World's Jews"
12769:
11956:
8724:
8400:
7784:
Sociological Traditions: Methods and Perspectives in the Sociology of India
7206:
6769:
6522:"China on course to become 'world's most Christian nation' within 15 years"
5598:
Sustaining Faith Traditions: Race, Ethnicity, and Religion among the Latino
4287:
4263:
4251:
4239:
3768:
3183:
2977:
2942:/ similar for Canada & Australia). According to Anne Elizabeth Wynn of
2674:
2649:
2508:
2419:
2335:
2287:
1980:
1743:
1703:
1542:
1235:
688:
659:
628:
534:
204:
58:
18311:
Think religion is in decline? Look at who is 'going forth and multiplying'
18247:
17451:"Hamazor Issue #2 2017: "Kurdistan reclaims its ancient Zoroastrian Faith"
15895:
Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World
15869:
14644:
13170:
Fewer differences between foreign-born and Swedish born childbearing women
12591:
Long-Term Projections of Christian and Muslim Shares of World's Population
11385:"By 2050, India to have world's largest populations of Hindus and Muslims"
1883:(1.84%), high birth rates as the reason for the growths. According to the
1733:
population growth rate (1.0%). At the end of 2017, the average age of the
1067:
980:
is one of the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world.
537:
were being cited as the major reasons of the Christian population growth.
264:
Special administrative areas in China are Buddhist majority areas such as
16588:
15284:"Progress report from Mercyhurst: Assessing the risk of genocide in Iran"
15260:
15018:
13290:
12525:"Projected Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 2010–2050, p.11"
11846:"The Future of the Global Muslim Population, Related Factors: Conversion"
11779:
11573:
2011 Census reveals Hinduism as the fastest growing religion in Australia
10515:
10110:
Werner Ustorf. "A missiological postscript", in McLeod and Ustorf (eds),
10080:"Projected Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 2010–2050, p.44"
9009:
Singapore Malays: Being Ethnic Minority and Muslim in a Global City-State
8707:"Are Iran's Christian converts at greater risk after Soleimani's demise?"
7481:
4683:
3318:
2915:
2867:
2792:
2545:
2485:
2295:
2098:
1936:
1684:
1629:
1592:
1420:
1297:
who converted from Islam to Christianity", Scholar Dudley Woodberry form
1223:
1099:
1053:
1049:
874:
863:
566:
323:
104:
18344:
17959:
17941:
17552:
Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of.
16366:"American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance"
15661:
Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of.
11865:
The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050/
11667:
11650:
10916:
10892:
8800:
Politics, Identity and Education in Central Asia: Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan
8425:
6784:"AFP: In Indonesia, Lunar New Year an old practice for young Christians"
6410:"Turning point in Christianity: Eastern Europe in the late 20th Century"
6210:
The Teachings of Modern Protestantism on Law, Politics, and Human Nature
4647:
4645:
4433:
961:
is among the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world.
421:
World Christianity by tradition in 2024 as per World Christian Database
107:
vigorously (Christianity and Islam, for example), while others (such as
16398:
13689:
13077:
13034:
13032:
12597:
12436:"Relax Sangh Parivar, there is no evidence of a Muslim population bomb"
11981:
11767:
Behind the trend: High birthrates in Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.
11003:
Japanese American History: An A-To-Z Reference from 1868 to the Present
10596:
10572:
9996:"European churches say growing flock of Muslim refugees are converting"
9468:
9466:
9464:
8199:"European churches say growing flock of Muslim refugees are converting"
8056:. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 30 June 2015. Archived from
7964:. In King, Russell; Mai, Nicola; Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie (eds.).
6391:"Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe"
6182:
6180:
6178:
6176:
5709:
5429:
5410:
5391:
4456:"The Future of Global Muslim Population: Projections from 2010 to 2013"
4386:
4318:
2847:
2783:
A similar pattern has been found in other countries such as Australia,
2739:
2709:
2678:
2384:
2351:
2135:
1837:
1507:
1360:
1271:
1255:
1207:
1199:
1127:
1123:
1026:
984:
denominations also are among the fastest-growing denominations in some
747:
671:
656:
394:
to the community, the state, and the economy, that serves to integrate
73:
17096:"Projected Changes in the Populations of Adherents of Other Religions"
15860:
Mittal, Sushil (18 April 2006). Mittal, Sushil; Thursby, Gene (eds.).
15347:
15094:"Notes on the Bábí and Baháʼí Religions in Russia and its Territories"
14496:[The Jews of France: The slow progression of mixed marriages]
14396:, vol. 115, Springer International Publishing, pp. 273–364,
13753:
13718:
13351:
The Future of the Global Muslim Population (Projections for 2010–2030)
11308:
8781:"Muslim Kosovars rediscover their long-forgotten Roman Catholic roots"
8416:
7589:
7587:
5773:
Behind the trend: High birthrates and conversions in the global South.
5350:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 5.
2566:
as Jews continue to assimilate into the countries in which they live.
2158:
notes that "the data that we have isn't pointing in the direction of '
1798:
754:, still identified themselves as Christians today. On the other hand,
18156:
18124:
18092:
18060:
17848:
17766:
17487:"Zoroastrian faith returns to Kurdistan in response to ISIS violence"
17400:"Zoroastrian faith returns to Kurdistan in response to ISIL violence"
15413:
15191:
15174:
14677:
14062:"The Rights of Non-Muslims in Islam (part 1 of 13): An Islamic Basis"
13198:.", and (the articles) Farzaneh Roudi-Fahimi and Mary Mederios Kent,
12911:
12439:
9187:
conversion, according to Christian leaders in Turkey, is on the rise.
8906:. In all an estimated 40,000 Moroccans have converted to Christianity
8551:
7242:
6651:"Annual Report on International Religious Freedom for 2005 – Vietnam"
6040:"Africa overtakes Latin America for the highest Christian population"
5860:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5236:
Listening, Religion, and Democracy in Contemporary Boston: God's Ears
5192:
4896:"Protestantism: The fastest growing religion in the developing world"
4678:
Pentecostalism is the fastest-growing religious movement in the world
4642:
4279:
3065:
2992:
2911:
2628:
2261:
2229:
2074:
2021:, there is major decline in Muslim fertility rates as pointed out by
1999:
1588:
1576:
1534:
1344:
1310:
1239:
1115:
1111:
1091:
1072:
927:
881:
from 1% in 1900 to 29.3% in 2010, due to the efforts of missionaries.
851:
847:
838:, "both by conversion and by high birth rates". According to scholar
819:
631:
added nearly 50 million people due to factors such as birth rate and
554:
269:
258:
219:
172:
17793:: A comparative survey of churches and religions in the modern world
16603:
estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008. The
13534:"Uproar in Germany Over Salafi Drive to Hand Out Millions of Qurans"
13029:
11521:"Fueled by immigration, Hinduism becomes fourth-largest faith in US"
10908:
10588:
10374:
9461:
7990:
7654:
6312:
6310:
6308:
6173:
1694:
The Druzites reside primarily in Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Jordan.
976:
The total Protestant population has reached 1.17 billion in 2024.
18183:"The Baha'i Faith 1957–1988: A Survey of Contemporary Developments"
17258:"Where we belong: The fight of Parsi women in interfaith marriages"
16104:"Asian Indian Was The Largest Asian Alone Population Group in 2020"
14356:
Ari Paltiel, Michel Sepulchre, Irene Kornilenko, Martin Maldonado:
13013:
12703:"Do Muslims Have More Children Than Other Women in Western Europe?"
12105:. Council on American-Islamic Relations. p. 21. Archived from
11952:"Converting to Islam: British women on prayer, peace and prejudice"
10608:
10606:
10246:
9276:
The Iranian Diaspora: Challenges, Negotiations, and Transformations
8364:"Why Are So Many Muslim Refugees in Europe Suddenly Finding Jesus?"
7584:
6846:"In Indonesia, Lunar New Year an old practice for young Christians"
6346:
6044:
Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture
4693:
Anderson, Allan; Bergunder, Michael; Droogers, Andre (9 May 2012).
3363:
3273:
2947:
2855:
2768:
2539:
2299:
2189:
1841:
1766:
1665:
1653:
1388:
1380:
1251:
1215:
1171:
1155:
1139:
1087:
Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census study
1061:
855:
796:
792:
365:
319:
279:
250:
235:
231:
227:
200:
195:
179:
164:
112:
34:
18025:(2016). "Babi–Baha'i Expansion and "Geo-Cultural Breakthroughs"".
17531:"Zoroastrian faith returns to Kurdistan in response to ISIL viole"
14283:
Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, Bromiley ed, VI p 742
11283:"Religious conversion in Syria : Alawite and Druze believers"
11085:
11083:
11081:
11079:
9914:"Religious conversion in Syria : Alawite and Druze believers"
9216:
Muslim converts currently constitute the majority of Protestants..
9077:"Christianity grows in Syrian town once besieged by Islamic State"
7501:
An Introduction to Pentecostalism: Global Charismatic Christianity
7085:"Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050"
5849:
5778:
5623:"Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050"
2376:
The MacMillan Center Initiative on Religion, Politics, and Society
1017:
according to existing records of various societies. Data from the
61:
population – primarily due to the average younger age, and higher
16055:. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Archived from
13180:
Do Muslims have more children than other women in western Europe?
12408:
12230:
11882:
11772:
10700:
For Christians, however, there are some net gains from conversion
9677:"The Muslim refugees converting to Christianity 'to find safety'"
9129:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
8845:"The Muslim refugees converting to Christianity 'to find safety'"
8639:"Iran: Christians and Christian converts - Department of Justice"
8036:
7331:"A PORTRAIT OF JEWISH AMERICANS: Chapter 1: Population Estimates"
6305:
6186:
Jay Diamond, Larry. Plattner, Marc F. and Costopoulos, Philip J.
5991:"Christianity 2018: More African Christians and Counting Martyrs"
4501:"A Religious Forecast For 2050: Atheism Is Down, Islam Is Rising"
3858:
3678:
3588:
3498:
3016:
2897:
reasons (Sikhs being the wealthiest and most educated of India's
2843:
2837:
2804:
2755:
2743:
2660:, built in 1986. It attracts over 3 million visitors a year.
2542:
who make the decision to head in the direction of becoming Jews.
2474:
for religious reasons, have experienced rapid population growth.
2355:
2311:
2159:
1904:
1803:
1372:
1318:
1259:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1187:
1175:
1159:
1147:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1103:
788:
780:
489:
survey, within the next four decades, Christians will remain the
327:
223:
208:
108:
18049:(2022). "Ch. 41: The History of the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths". In
15739:"International Religious Freedom Report 2012 – New Zealand"
15478:. American Religious Identification Survey. 2008. Archived from
12098:
Bagby, Ihsan; Perl, Paul M.; Froehle, Bryan T. (26 April 2001).
10603:
6738:
Christian Movements in Southeast Asia: A Theological Exploration
4655:
Spirit and Power: The Growth and Global Impact of Pentecostalism
2500:
population is rising rapidly due to the young age and very high
1746:
women (3.2) and Muslim women (3.4) and the fertility rate among
218:
Buddhism is the majority and state religion in seven countries:
18223:
17352:"Iraqi Kurds turn to Zoroastrianism as faith, identity entwine"
17272:"Parsi population dips by 22 per cent between 2001-2011: study"
14936:
14934:
14494:"Les juifs de France: La lente progression des mariages mixtes"
14385:
13960:. Library Genesis. Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Springer.
13776:"Arab Invasions: The First Islamic Empire | History Today"
11076:
10516:
Hsu, Becky; Amy Reynolds; Conrad Hackett; James Gibbon (2008).
9870:"Sunni extremists threaten to kill Christian converts in north"
8154:
Lightning Out of Lebanon: Hezbollah Terrorists on American Soil
8039:. Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. 28 May 2019.
7655:"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census"
6959:
6765:
China accused of trying to 'co-opt and emasculate' Christianity
5123:"Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 2010–2050, p.43"
4271:
4259:
4231:
3903:
3723:
3046:
3038:
3003:
for more than a millennium, from around 600 BCE to 650 CE, but
2973:
2907:
2851:
2784:
2764:
2747:
2582:
2467:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2427:
2423:
2347:
2343:
2003:
1986:
1940:
1872:
1868:
1825:
1787:
1672:
1661:
1538:
1263:
1243:
1231:
1203:
1179:
1163:
1143:
859:
743:
624:
616:
612:
588:
341:
in the year 2010, the number of people practicing some form of
239:
18293:, BRILL, 21 November 2012, Afe Adogame, Shobana Shankar, 2012.
17818:
15425:
14135:
13930:
The Mellah Society: Jewish Community Life in Sherifian Morocco
11028:"Japanese Americans – Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life"
9303:"Iranian Christians in Leeds: xperiences of Church Membership"
7282:
How Jewish is Christianity?: 2 views on the Messianic movement
5509:
4309:
These forecasts lack reliable data on religious conversion in
4058:*Rate = average annual growth rate, percent per year indicated
3116:
World religious beliefs / Non-beliefs by adherents, 1900–2010
3037:
has the world's largest Zoroastrian population who are called
1706:
increased from 684,000 in 2010 to 730,000 in mid of 2018. The
119:). The growth of a religion can interact with factors such as
16353:
Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
15703:"México sigue siendo católico… pero crece el número de ateos"
14915:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from
14889:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from
14863:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from
14837:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from
14811:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from
14785:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from
14759:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from
14733:. Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Archived from
14699:
11926:
11924:
8936:"Morocco's 'hidden' Christians to push for religious freedom"
8575:"Over 20,000 converted to Christianity since 1990 in Kashmir"
8450:
7770:
almost two million nominal Muslims to convert to Christianity
7533:
Christianity and Freedom: Volume 2, Contemporary Perspectives
6227:
5347:
An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices
5018:
Oxford Islamic Studies Online, Oxford University Press (2012)
4525:"Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group"
4310:
4243:
3228:
3061:
3054:
3034:
3020:
2969:
2935:
2859:
2788:
2657:
2558:
religious practice. The result is that most countries in the
2390:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2291:
2107:
1991:
1880:
1821:
1695:
1680:
1649:
1638:
1618:
1584:
1572:
1564:
1556:
1392:
1376:
1327:
1314:
1247:
1183:
1151:
827:
331:
273:
265:
254:
187:
156:
50:
18246:. Baháʼí International Community. p. 14. Archived from
18013:, Mumbai: National Commission for Minorities, archived from
17787:
17595:, International religious demographic statistics and sources
16784:"1. Changes in son preference, ultrasound use and fertility"
16673:
15525:
15523:
15024:
14931:
12914:, The Future of the Global Muslim Population, January 2011,
11855:, The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, 27 January 2011
9828:
Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia
8492:
more than 20,000 Abkhazian Muslims converted to Christianity
8251:. Facoltà di scienze politiche "Cesare Alfieri. p. 69.
8037:"Kabylia: Christian Churches Closed by Algerian Authorities"
7365:
7123:"1 Million Evangelical Christians March for Jesus in Brazil"
5689:
5687:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5555:
5553:
5325:
2866:. Outside of India, the largest Sikh communities are in the
2518:
There is also a trend of Orthodox movements reaching out to
1278:
in 2007, experts estimated that thousands of Muslims in the
1098:
Christians of Muslim background communities can be found in
16870:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (23 January 2019).
16480:
16451:
15979:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022).
15953:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022).
15721:"Mexico still Catholic, but number of atheists on the rise"
15590:
American Religious Identification Survey, Full PDF Document
15476:"American Nones: The Profile of the No Religion Population"
14360:
Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
12798:"Losing Their Religion: When Muslim Immigrants Leave Islam"
11099:
11097:
10759:"Conversions to Christianity Among Highly Educated Chinese"
10014:"Muslim refugees are converting to Christianity in Germany"
6986:"VATICAN - CATHOLIC CHURCH STATISTICS 2018 - Agenzia Fides"
6740:. Trinity Theological College (Singapore). pp. 60–61.
5988:
4917:"Why is Protestantism flourishing in the developing world?"
4837:
4835:
4833:
3024:
2605:
2415:
2238:
2103:
1995:
1932:
1888:
1580:
1195:
1191:
1011:
243:
186:, commonly known as the Buddha, who was born in modern day
17734:"The Specter of Ideological Genocide: The Baháʼís of Iran"
17426:"The curious rebirth of Zoroastrianism in Iraqi Kurdistan"
17417:
17294:
17282:
11982:"Converting to Islam - the white Britons becoming Muslims"
11921:
11544:
11473:
11360:"Hindu Religion Information Data and Statistics | PEW-GRF"
10893:"State and Social Christianity in Post-colonial Singapore"
10430:. School of Theology - Boston University. 20 January 2017.
10416:. School of Theology - Boston University. 20 January 2017.
9146:
Religion and Contemporary Politics: A Global Encyclopedia
9059:"Christian convert from Iran converting Muslims in Sweden"
8991:"Iranian refugees turn to Christianity in the Netherlands"
6705:"6 facts about South Korea's growing Christian population"
6633:"6 facts about South Korea's growing Christian population"
6342:
6340:
5670:"Global Christianity: Regional Distribution of Christians"
4814:
4812:
360:
According to scholars Miikka Ruokanen and Paulos Huang of
18237:
17802:
Zoroastrians : their religious beliefs and practices
17035:"Rise in paganism in Southeast Valley mirrors U.S. trend"
15640:"Who's religious? by Warren Clark and Grant Schellenberg"
15520:
15371:
15359:
15353:
14684:. Institute on Culture, Religion, and World Affairs. 2020
13346:
12791:
12789:
12787:
12462:"David Ignatius: A demographic shift in the Muslim world"
12011:
10313:
10112:
The Decline of Christendom in (Western) Europe, 1750–2000
7756:
Sharia Dynamics: Islamic Law and Sociopolitical Processes
7686:
7684:
7682:
7680:
7452:
Khalil, Mohammad Hassan; Bilici, Mucahit (January 2007).
6591:
6439:. pp. 2, 8 and footnote 14 on page 8. Archived from
5684:
5574:
5550:
5313:. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. 18 December 2012
5287:. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. 18 December 2012
4692:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4405:
1884:
1710:
have the lowest fertility among all age groups after the
1033:
identify themselves as Christians. According to study by
969:
Americas and Europe. On the other hand, Eric Kaufman, of
17100:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
15566:"American Religious Identification Survey, Key Findings"
15535:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
15506:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
15440:"The Baha'i Faith Compared to Race in American Counties"
14371:"Data: Arab Growth Slows, Still Higher than Jewish Rate"
13806:"BBC - Religions - Islam: Early rise of Islam (632-700)"
11202:
The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East
11146:
Displacement and Dispossession in the Modern Middle East
11094:
10903:(1). Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia: 54–89.
10332:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
8281:. Refugee Review Tribunal: Australia. 23 November 2006.
8126:
Christians in the Middle East – Past, Present and Future
7892:
7890:
6873:
6871:
5311:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
5080:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
4830:
2589:
sectors, who are becoming a growing proportion of Jews.
2442:
is concentrated in two countries, the United States and
1725:
population growth rate of 1.4%, which is lower than the
802:
According to a 2005 paper submitted to a meeting of the
17819:
Hackett, Conrad; Grim, Brian J., eds. (December 2012).
17318:
17306:
16464:
There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
15383:
15126:
14958:
14358:
Long‐Range Population Projections for Israel: 2009‐2059
13922:
13920:
13357:. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. Archived from
13201:
Fertility Declining in the Middle East and North Africa
12132:"Conversion To Islam One Result Of Post-9/11 Curiosity"
11675:
10795:
The Persian Night: Iran Under the Khomeinist Revolution
10442:"Barrett, David B. (1927-2011) | History of Missiology"
6638:
Pentecostal church, Yoido Full Gospel Church, in Seoul.
6337:
6099:"Pentecostalism: Massive Global Growth Under the Radar"
5615:
4809:
4752:"Pentecostalism: Massive Global Growth Under the Radar"
1927:
should be 3 million between 2010 and 2050, mostly from
18348:
18113:(2022). "Ch. 45: Latin America and the Caribbean". In
17114:
15948:
15946:
15654:
15599:
The Graduate Center of the City University of New York
15570:
The Graduate Center of the City University of New York
15456:
14981:. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica. 1988. p. 303.
14711:
14658:
14652:"The continuing decline of Europe's Jewish population"
14169:
Conference on Religion and Violence. 16 February 2008.
13267:
that they practice (when they do)." in Justin Vaisse,
12784:
12066:"Muslim Converts Face Discrimination (Published 2005)"
12008:"Fast-growing Islam winning converts in Western world"
9962:
9960:
9931:
9929:
9257:"Christian Converts Live In Fear in Intolerant Turkey"
8974:"Morocco's Christian converts emerge from the shadows"
8690:"2019 Report on International Religious Freedom: Iran"
7677:
7366:
Arena – Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia
6882:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 521.
6627:
6625:
6623:
6202:
6200:
5154:
Wick, Peter; Rabens, Volker, eds. (28 November 2013).
4790:
4788:
4735:"Pentecostalism—the fastest growing religion on earth"
4437:
4402:
2192:
is the fastest-growing Islamic movement in the world.
1836:
running religious conversion which has been termed as
1021:
has it that, as of 2013, about 1.6 million adult
615:
than on any other single continent: "The results show
18209:
Zoroastrians of India. Parsis: A Photographic Journey
15207:
14184:
14182:
14051:. 2007. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 29 May 2007.
13536:. Agence France-Presse. 16 April 2012. Archived from
11462:
Behind the trend: Surprise! High birthrates in India.
11193:
9620:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 480–482.
9230:
Muslim Nationalism and the New Turks: Updated Edition
8357:
8355:
7939:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 480–482.
7887:
7494:
7492:
6868:
6281:"The Future of World Religions; Regional Change p.60"
5029:"The countries where apostasy is punishable by death"
4766:
4764:
2281: Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750
2078:
parenthood. Equally, Darren E. Sherkat questioned in
1675:. Even though the faith originally developed out of
934:
in 2006, Christianity has increased significantly in
787:
there are increasing signs of a Christian revival in
88:
if they openly leave Islam in some Muslim countries.
16897:"What is the Fastest Growing Religion in Australia?"
16869:
16723:"We need to worry about the decline in Sikh numbers"
16633:"2011 Australian Census - Fastest Growing Religions"
15978:
15952:
15314:
General Essay on the Religions of Sub-Saharan Africa
14295:
13917:
12835:"Iranians have lost their faith according to survey"
9121:
International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Tunisia
7870:. University of California Press. 2018. p. 86.
7653:
Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015).
7558:
7556:
7525:
7523:
7065:
7063:
6347:
Lewis Ray Rambo; Charles E. Farhadian, eds. (2014).
4822:. McGill–Queen's University Press. 9 February 2009.
4696:
Studying Global Pentecostalism: Theories and Methods
2275: Expansion during the Rashidun Caliphs, 632–661
2130:
fastest growing religion in Europe due primarily to
1820:
Hinduism is a growing religion in countries such as
1313:", in northern Iraq and Algeria, the conversions of
814:
movement is the fastest-growing religion worldwide.
806:, most of Christianity's growth has occurred in non-
17896:
First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936: E.J.Brill's
17741:
War Crimes, Genocide, & Crimes Against Humanity
17370:
17211:"The Zarathushti World, a 2012 Demographic Picture"
16423:"April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month"
15943:
15741:. U.S. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
15072:
draft of "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baha'i Faith"
15056:
14336:"Britain Sees Spike in Ultra-Orthodox Population –"
12612:"Muslims Projected to Outnumber Christians by 2100"
11878:"Muslim birth rate falls, slower population growth"
11826:"Religion and Living Arrangements Around the World"
11423:
11175:
The Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions
10897:
Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia
10616:. Singapore Management University. 27 October 2017.
9957:
9926:
9801:. Armenian Research Center collection. p. 75.
9203:. Minority Rights Group International. p. 13.
8953:"MOROCCO2019INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT"
8767:"Out of hiding, some Kosovars embrace Christianity"
8505:"German churches see rise in baptisms for refugees"
8084:
Routledge Handbook of Minorities in the Middle East
7968:. Brighton-Portland: Sussex Academic. p. 210.
7840:
Freedom Fighter: One Man's Fight for One Free World
6838:
6719:"Better-educated S'pore residents look to religion"
6620:
6207:Witte, John; Alexander, Frank S. (1 January 2007).
6197:
6066:
6064:
6062:
6060:
4890:
4888:
4785:
4651:
2934:The American Religious Identification Survey gives
2434:
sectors, are becoming a growing proportion of Jews.
2322:'s authority, Hindus and Buddhists under regime of
627:in 3rd place with 571 million Christians". In 2017
17913:Johnson, Todd M.; Grim, Brian J. (26 March 2013).
17795:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
16538:"2020 National Sikh American Survey: Key Findings"
16008:. Office for National Statistics. 11 December 2012
15237:. The Liberal caucus in the Senate. Archived from
14946:
14179:
14101:
14014:
13225:Recent changes and the future of fertility in Iran
12191:
11897:
11162:
9273:
8692:. United States Department of State. 12 May 2019.
8352:
7489:
7077:
6520:
4761:
4746:
4744:
2126:than converting into Islam between 2010 and 2016.
1478:, and professor of global Christianity, historian
565:. By 2050, Christianity is expected to remain the
17232:"Zoroastrians Keep the Faith, and Keep Dwindling"
16945:"There could be more Sikhs in the future — maybe"
16930:"There could be more Sikhs in the future — maybe"
15395:
13123:World Muslim population doubling, report projects
12795:
12280:"The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions"
11905:"The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions"
11745:"The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions"
11586:"Immigrants Change Australia's Cultural Identity"
11440:"The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions"
11257:. University of Philadelphia Press. p. 232.
9423:"Why Are Millions of Muslims Becoming Christian?"
8108:"U.S. Report on Religious Freedom in Middle East"
7659:Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion
7553:
7520:
7349:"American-Jewish Population Rises to 6.8 Million"
7325:
7323:
7060:
5751:"The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions"
4857:
4855:
3031:; their number has been thought to be declining.
2604:survey, over the next four decades the number of
1898:Masjid-ul Haram – The biggest mosque in the world
775:, the share of adults who identify themselves as
674:" every day. According to scholar Keith Smith of
18355:
17144:
17062:
17060:
16843:"India's Sex Ratio at Birth Begins To Normalize"
16079:"Does the Census Bureau have data for religion?"
14670:
12907:
12905:
12882:
12829:
12827:
12825:
12097:
11695:"3.6 Billion: World's Muslim Population Doubles"
11571:Australian Bureau of Statistics (21 June 2012).
10959:
10310:"Losing Our Religion: The Growth of The 'Nones'"
10074:
10072:
9048:, November 19, 2007 (Accessed November 19, 2007)
8577:. Kashmir Watch. 19 January 2012. Archived from
7419:
7417:
7415:
7238:"Growth stalls, falls for largest U.S. churches"
7038:
6349:The Oxford Handbook of Religious Conversion p.59
6057:
4911:
4909:
4885:
4618:
4616:
4519:
4517:
4246:is projected to have a net gain of followers in
2454:population that is consistently growing through
918:Christians have increased, according to scholar
16813:"Census shocker: Sikhs report lowest sex ratio"
16757:. CensusIndia. 6 September 2004. Archived from
16661:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 June 2017
15792:Zuckerman, Phil (2007). Martin, Michael (ed.).
15602:
14553:"The Virtual Jewish History Tour – Mexico"
14291:
14289:
13498:
12995:"5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe"
12891:"5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe"
12226:"Muslims more numerous than Catholics: Vatican"
10304:
10302:
9852:"The Untold Story of Syrian Kurdish Christians"
8725:"The Iraqi Muslims who convert to Christianity"
8641:. Home Office. 20 February 2020. Archived from
8478:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania
7868:The 2011 International Religious Freedom Report
7652:
7310:"How many Jews are there in the United States?"
4741:
2220:will be nearly double (from 5.9% to 10.2%). In
1355:. According to scholars Felix Wilfred from the
1001:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
906:conversion to Christianity is increasing among
549:, from 531 million to 665 million in
357:, with 672,000 adherents in Canada as of 2010.
309:
17839:Hassall, Graham (2022). "Ch. 48: Oceania". In
17767:Association of Religion Data Archives (2010).
16915:"Sikhs fastest-growing minority in NZ: Census"
16542:Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund
15290:. The Sentinel Project for Genocide Prevention
15144:
14467:"NJPS: Defining and Calculating Intermarriage"
13898:"BBC World Service | The Story of Africa"
12631:
11548:The Blackwell Companion to Religion in America
11545:Khyati Y. Joshi; Philip Goff (25 March 2010).
10872:"Religious Revival Among Chinese in Singapore"
9573:
9571:
9527:"Iranians Turn Away from the Islamic Republic"
9344:
9342:
8894:. University of Cambridge Press. p. 253.
8861:
8824:"Religion and the Secular State in Kyrgyzstan"
8625:"Iranians Turn Away from the Islamic Republic"
8299:. Home Office. 23 October 2018. Archived from
7997:. Cham: Springer Open. pp. 129, 134–135.
7320:
7278:
7152:"French Evangelicals through an American lens"
6880:International Handbook of Protestant Education
6206:
6033:
6031:
5458:
5299:
4852:
4699:. University of California Press Scholarship.
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4389:is useful to scholars of religious demography.
4254:(+0.95 million), but net loss of followers in
4076:
4060:Source: Todd M. Johnson and Brian J. Grim 2013
2562:have steady or slightly declining religiously
2264:in the first hundred years of its conquests.
2253:, far-reaching trade and missionary activity.
1949:Center for Strategic and International Studies
1871:, while in 2010, 1.6 billion people were
1387:, and among some religious minorities such as
1003:, its membership has grown every decade since
734:Christianity is still the largest religion in
623:in 2nd place with 601 million Christians, and
561:, and from 266 million to 287 million in
17057:
15502:"Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050"
14626:"World Jewish Population – Latest Statistics"
13953:
13879:. University of Calgary. 1998. Archived from
13469:
13413:"Book excerpt: The 'Muslim tide' that wasn't"
13405:
12902:
12822:
11648:
10566:
10564:
10069:
9611:
9407:. Council on Foreign Relations. 6 June 2007.
8958:. RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT. 30 January 2019.
8892:Al-Maghred, the Barbary Lion: A Look at Islam
8221:Oil and Geopolitics in the Caspian Sea Region
7930:
7412:
6735:
6133:"Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume Set"
6070:
5721:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5262:
5260:
4906:
4729:
4727:
4613:
4514:
2470:Jewish communities, whose members often shun
2110:and 3% as Sufi Muslim. A survey conducted by
879:Christianity has grown rapidly in South Korea
619:on top with 631 million Christian residents,
134:
80:and denomination switching among Christians.
18345:Religious Projections for the Next 200 Years
18205:
17570:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
17300:
17066:
16957:
16889:
15687:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
14391:
14286:
14218:
12866:(in Persian). 23 August 2020. Archived from
12100:"The Mosque in America: A National Portrait"
11976:
11974:
11723:"The Future of the Global Muslim Population"
11649:Rajeswar, Yashasvini; Amore, Roy C. (2019).
11411:"Indian Census and Muslim population growth"
11307:, Institute of Druze Studies, archived from
10526:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
10352:
10299:
10283:"Public Opinion Survey of Iranian Americans"
9474:"The Perilous Path from Muslim to Christian"
9323:
9321:
9319:
9172:. Maclean's. 4 December 2006. Archived from
9143:
7898:"The Perilous Path from Muslim to Christian"
7710:"The Perilous Path from Muslim to Christian"
7692:"The Perilous Path from Muslim to Christian"
7451:
6967:"Religious Demographic Profiles – Pew Forum"
6938:
6463:"Study: Christianity growth soars in Africa"
5273:
5058:"The Future of the Global Muslim Population"
4973:"The Future of the Global Muslim Population"
4796:"Witnessing The New Reach Of Pentecostalism"
4579:"The Future of the Global Muslim Population"
4434:Religious Projections for the Next 200 Years
2549:Map of the distribution of Jews in the world
2142:in Europe was (2.1). On the other hand, the
1369:Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
525:is growing by 7% annually. According to the
17912:
17598:
17088:
16564:"DP05ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES"
16129:"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population"
14985:
14705:
14580:. Jewish People Policy Planning Institute (
14035:
13289:
12989:
12987:
12860:"گزارش نظرسنجی درباره نگرش ایرانیان به دین"
12193:"Muslims outnumber Catholics, Vatican says"
11618:The Oxford Handbook of Religious Conversion
11199:
11168:
10999:
10987:"Leave China, Study in America, Find Jesus"
10962:Religion and spirituality in Korean America
10262:"Christian faith plus Chinese productivity"
10242:"Leaving the Faith Because of the Faithful"
9774:The Oxford Handbook of Christianity in Asia
9568:
9378:
9339:
9125:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor
8866:. Cambridge University Press. p. 142.
8520:
8398:
8343:"Islam in Denmark – an historical overview"
8276:"The treatment of Christians in Bangladesh"
8223:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 166.
8022:. Michigan University Press. p. 3844.
7837:
7529:
7503:. Cambridge University Press. p. 145.
7359:
7279:Gundry, Stanley N; Goldberg, Louis (2003),
6877:
6028:
5559:
5515:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5331:
5307:"The Global Religious Landscape: Buddhists"
5198:The Oxford Handbook of Religious Conversion
4442:
4417:
3007:from the 7th century onwards following the
2960:List of countries by Zoroastrian population
2850:in the 15th century. The religion began in
2118:has a negative impact on the growth of the
1500:The Oxford Handbook of Religious Conversion
1025:identify themselves as Christians, most as
497:survey, by 2060 Christians will remain the
18173:
17148:Islamic Political Thought: An Introduction
16425:. State of Michigan Office of the Governor
16262:"H. RES. 275 - 118th Congress (2023-2024)"
15414:Association of Religion Data Archives 2010
15173:Morlock, Naghme Naseri (6 December 2021).
15132:
14940:
13908:
13841:
13839:
13837:
13444:. Arizona State University. Archived from
12554:
12552:
11915:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
11500:
11204:. Michigan University Press. p. 114.
10674:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 201.
10647:The Rebirth of Latin American Christianity
10561:
10277:
10275:
10029:
10027:
9971:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 21.
9966:
9940:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 21.
9935:
9723:. Cambridge University Press. p. 76.
9694:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 199.
9490:Guinness World Records 2003 - Google Books
9381:Muslim-Christian Relations in Central Asia
9335:: Religion & Public Life. 12 May 2015.
9308:. University of Leeds. 17 September 2018.
9232:. Princeton University Press. p. 82.
9201:A Quest for Equality: Minorities in Turkey
8864:Religion and Nationalism in Southeast Asia
8543:
8328:. New Bulgarian University. 5 March 2015.
7753:
7648:
7646:
7644:
6261:The Global Religious Landscape: Christians
5995:International Bulletin of Mission Research
5664:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5435:
5337:
5257:
5153:
5117:
4772:"More Religion, but Not the Old-Time Kind"
4724:
4624:The Future of the Global Muslim Population
4428:
4426:
2232:Muslim population will stay 0.1% by 2050.
1945:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
1877:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
1815:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
1652:is a major religion in the Levant region.
1289:in 2010 there were "approximately 180,000
557:, from 287 million to 381 million in
527:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
18141:
18109:
17344:
17138:
16943:Singh, Rupinder Mohan (28 January 2016).
16928:Singh, Rupinder Mohan (28 January 2016).
15791:
15585:
15583:
15560:
15558:
15556:
15431:
15377:
15365:
15190:
14995:The growth and spread of the Baha'i Faith
13442:"Center wins NEH grant to study Salafism"
13245:Demographic implosion in Muslim societies
12854:
12852:
12609:
12481:
11971:
11666:
10669:
10373:
9316:
9278:. University of Texas Press. p. 82.
9097:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 370.
9092:
8424:
8054:"Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada"
7959:
7809:
7730:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 107.
7642:
7640:
7638:
7636:
7634:
7632:
7630:
7628:
7626:
7624:
7480:
7387:. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27 August 2012.
7371:
7003:
6685:(in Korean). News.naver.com. 25 July 2007
6481:
5594:
5464:"The Changing Global Religious Landscape"
5115:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5076:"The Changing Global Religious Landscape"
4939:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4861:
4705:10.1525/california/9780520266612.001.0001
4664:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199920570.001.0001
4498:
1506:, Charles E. Farhadian, and professor of
1322:and according to scholar Shay Khatiri of
318:Public worship ceremony at the Temple of
18277:. William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2011.
18006:
17731:
17324:
17312:
17288:
16742:
16740:
15823:
15821:
15437:
15281:
15225:
15213:
14861:"Papua New Guinea – Religious Adherents"
14162:
14128:
14021:. Oxford University Press. 13 May 2004.
13684:
13682:
13633:
13631:
13629:
12984:
12459:
12404:"The Myth of the Muslim Population Bomb"
12334:
12332:
12299:
12297:
12295:
11949:
11232:. Kirkland, WA, USA: ISES Publications.
11052:
10328:"America's Changing Religious Landscape"
10189:"America's Changing Religious Landscape"
9825:
9689:
9641:Miller, Duane Alexander (January 2012).
9529:. Journal of Democracy. 20 January 2020.
9329:"America's Changing Religious Landscape"
9029:
8627:. Journal of Democracy. 22 January 2020.
8249:Rivista di studi politici internazionali
8081:
8017:
7562:
7498:
7260:
6803:"In Indonesia, the Chinese go to church"
6570:. Georgia State University. 9 May 2016.
6552:. Georgia State University. 9 May 2016.
6518:
6156:Protestantism: A Very Short Introduction
6118:. Georgia State University. 9 May 2016.
5474:
5191:
4965:
4845:. Georgia State University. 9 May 2016.
3093:American Religious Identification Survey
2963:
2827:
2722:
2643:
2627:
2544:
2410:
2407:Historical Jewish population comparisons
2260:Islamic presence grew rapidly under the
2255:
2239:Historical growth within the Middle East
2194:
2027:
1985:
1963:survey, by 2060 Muslims will remain the
1893:
1802:Dakshineswar Bhabatarini Kali temple of
1797:
1757:
1628:
1615:American Religious Identification Survey
1461:
1274:, and other countries. According to the
1066:
952:
868:
710:
697:various restrictions against Protestants
458:
313:
155:
27:Growth of various religions in the world
18273:Miikka Ruokanen, Paulos Zhanzhu Huang.
18010:Growth of the Parsi population in India
17985:
17893:
17881:
17838:
17732:Affolter, Friedrich W. (January 2005).
17202:
17171:
17165:
17126:
17120:
15785:
15614:Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life
15389:
15316:. Division of Religion and Philosophy,
15172:
15091:
15030:
14991:
14964:
14529:. World Jewish Congress. Archived from
14423:
14373:. Israel National News. 14 January 2013
14085:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (2010),
13892:
13890:
13834:
13614:The Global Religious Landscape: Muslims
13585:
13583:
13439:
13295:"Head count belies vision of 'Eurabia'"
13283:
13152:The 'Eurabia' myth deserves a debunking
12888:
12864:گَمان - گروه مطالعات افکارسنجی ایرانیان
12549:
12063:
11950:Mistiaen, Veronique (11 October 2013).
11513:
11332:
11295:
11255:Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life
10840:
10583:(3). Oxford University Press: 237–257.
10272:
10212:
10024:
9882:
9771:
9718:
9486:
9440:Tassel, Janet (January–February 2005).
9433:
9006:
8737:
8709:. The Jerusalem Post. 7 February 2018.
8475:
8399:Hartikainen, Elina (19 November 2019).
8246:
8123:
7988:
7900:. The National Interest. 12 June 2021.
7786:. SAGE Publications India. p. 53.
7725:
7712:. The National Interest. 12 June 2021.
7694:. The National Interest. 12 June 2021.
7423:
7302:
7235:
6800:
6643:
6635:. Pew Research Center. 12 August 2014.
6487:
6148:
6146:
6071:Juergensmeyer, Mark (3 November 2005).
5672:. Pew Research Center. 19 December 2011
5643:
4658:. Oxford University Press Scholarship.
4423:
3011:of 633–654. Zoroastrianism declined as
2812:Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life
2777:Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life
2366:, a scholar on the subject of Islam in
2269: Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632
2213:Muslim population in sub-Saharan Africa
2061:regional average (1.6). A new study of
830:. According to scholar Paul Freston of
14:
18356:
18077:
18045:
17695:
17604:
17551:
17185:"Zoroastrianism - The Sāsānian period"
17004:
16810:
16755:Office of the Registrar General, India
15859:
15660:
15580:
15553:
15462:
15062:
15036:
14717:
14664:
14572:
14305:. Transaction Publishers. p. 97.
13926:
13472:"Comment: Underground Islam in Russia"
13211:, prb.org, April 2008, especially the
12849:
11626:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195338522.013.018
11611:
11583:
11280:
11143:
10940:
10649:. Oxford University Press. p. 1.
10644:
10288:. PAAIA. December 2008. Archived from
10159:
9911:
9872:. t=The New Humanitarian. 21 May 2007.
9640:
9439:
9198:
8889:
8797:
8549:
8361:
8151:
7621:
7612:
7341:
7149:
6907:"After fatalism, Japan opens to faith"
6707:. Pew Research Center. 12 August 2014.
6437:American Political Science Association
6430:
6424:
6407:
6233:
5595:Chen, Carolyn; Jeung, Russell (2012).
5343:
5094:
4983:
4930:
4898:. The Manila Times. 18 November 2017.
2294:to North Africa and Spain, as well as
1010:The 19th century saw at least 250,000
804:American Political Science Association
643:According to Mark Jürgensmeyer of the
123:, entrenched rival religions (such as
18081:(2022). "Ch. 50: Southeast Asia". In
18021:
17988:"Achievements of the Seven Year Plan"
17939:
17799:
17704:"State Anti-conversion Laws in India"
17701:
17685:"Brian J. Grim – Pew Research Center"
17423:
17132:
16942:
16927:
16737:
16681:"Losing our religion | Stats NZ"
16630:
16512:"Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths"
15892:
15818:
15468:
15302:
15261:"Genocide and politicide watch: Iran"
15085:
14952:
14491:
14200:from the original on 25 December 2014
13679:
13663:"The Future of World Religions p.151"
13626:
13499:CHRISTIAN CARYL (12 September 2012).
13121:Brian Grim quoted in Richard Greene,
13040:"The Future of World Religions p.149"
12810:from the original on 29 November 2018
12329:
12292:
12157:Baume, Maïa de la (4 February 2013).
12156:
11786:
11687:
11681:
11501:Rangarajan, A. D. (20 October 2014).
11474:Afe Adogame; Shobana Shankar (2012).
11333:Library, C. N. N. (7 November 2013).
11252:
11230:The Druzes: An Annotated Bibliography
11227:
11221:
11137:
10984:
10792:
10773:"Religion and Education in Indonesia"
10698:. Pew Research Center. 29 June 2021.
10353:Schnabel, Landon; Bock, Sean (2017).
10160:Bailey, Sarah Pulliam (12 May 2015).
9796:
9618:The Oxford Handbook of European Islam
9598:. Nathalie CLAYER. 22 November 2007.
9405:"Religious Conversion and Sharia Law"
9348:
9227:
9114:
8842:
8453:The Encyclopedia of Christianity: J-O
8128:. Sage Publications, Inc. p. 5.
7937:The Oxford Handbook of European Islam
7917:. Nathalie CLAYER. 22 November 2007.
7781:
7236:Yeakley, Richard (15 February 2011).
7205:
7175:
7120:
7018:
6821:"Religion and Education in Indonesia"
6529:from the original on 12 January 2022.
6490:"The Battle for Latin America's Soul"
6037:
5958:"The Future of World Religions p.147"
5926:"The Future of World Religions p.158"
5894:"The Future of World Religions p.151"
5232:
5052:
5050:
4945:"The Future of World Religions p.182"
4571:
4499:Whitehead, Nadia (25 December 2015).
4492:
3080:
3060:There has been recent conversions of
2712:appears to be increasing (along with
1687:. Over the centuries a number of the
1439:. Schnabel and Bock argued also that
822:rate in Africa, and due primarily to
670:35,000 people become Pentecostal or "
595:for the past 1,000 years, since 2015
18349:World Network of Religious Futurists
18145:(2022). "Ch. 46: North America". In
17966:
16395:"Sikhs in America:A History of Hate"
15401:
15171:For one recent published study see:
14350:
13887:
13639:"The Future of World Religions p.71"
13591:"The Future of World Religions p.74"
13580:
13340:
13091:"The Future of World Religions p.43"
12889:Hackett, Conrad (29 November 2017),
12837:. Iran International. 25 August 2020
12639:"The Future of World Religions p.70"
12206:from the original on 12 January 2022
11839:
10570:
10035:"The Future of World Religions p.57"
9746:
9657:from the original on 10 January 2014
9612:Blumi, Isa; Krasniqi, Gëzim (2014).
9487:Folkard, Claire (22 December 2014).
9038:Fler kristna väljer att bli muslimer
8218:
7931:Blumi, Isa; Krasniqi, Gëzim (2014).
7263:"Mitt Romney and the Mormon Machine"
7261:McGovern, Shannon (30 August 2012),
7184:(in Portuguese). São Paulo, Brazil:
7046:"World's Catholic population steady"
7021:"Immigrants Make Pilgrimage to Pope"
6587:. Eurasia Review. 28 September 2015.
6488:Ostling, Richard N. (24 June 2001).
6408:Tolmay, Barry John (30 April 2018).
6393:. Pew Research Center. 30 May 2017.
6234:Melton, J. Gordon (1 January 2005).
6152:
6143:
5825:"The Future of World Religions p.26"
5793:"The Future of World Religions p.59"
4476:"The Future of World Religions p.70"
4438:World Network of Religious Futurists
3098:
1502:, which written by professor of the
834:Pentecostalism continues to grow in
746:population identified themselves as
593:world's largest Christian population
17673:from the original on 14 April 2014.
17208:
16962:. The Statesman.com. Archived from
15426:Pew Global Religious Landscape 2012
14500:(in French). Akadem. Archived from
14017:The Islamic World: Past and Present
13717:. history-world.org. Archived from
13143:France, its Muslims, and the Future
13071:The Future of World Religions p.159
12460:Ignatius, David (8 February 2013).
11782:. BBC News Website. 8 October 2009.
11780:"One in four is Muslim, study says"
10891:Goh, Daniel P. S. (21 April 2010).
10890:
10877:. SSA1201 Assignment. 14 May 2018.
10778:. Gavin W. Jones. 30 January 2017.
10711:
9274:Mostafavi Mobasher, Mohsen (2018).
9095:Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan
8401:"Evaluating faith after conversion"
7485:– via deepblue.lib.umich.edu.
7048:. Catholic Culture.org. 13 May 2013
6826:. Gavin W. Jones. 30 January 2017.
6801:Brazier, Roderick (27 April 2006).
6318:"Being Christian in Western Europe"
2438:Today, the majority of the world's
2138:. Between 2010 and 2015 the Muslim
2122:, with roughly 160,000 more people
1719:Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
1459:is expanding in the United States.
771:, according to a 2017 study by the
738:, according to a 2018 study by the
569:and the largest religious group in
84:example, individuals can receive a
24:
18298:major religious groups as of 2023.
18238:Baháʼí World News Service (1992).
17894:Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1936),
17032:
16614:American Sikh Congressional Caucus
15796:The Cambridge Companion to Atheism
15537:. 18 December 2012. Archived from
15438:Kolodner, Alexander (1 May 2014).
15282:Seyfried, Rebeka (21 March 2012).
14426:The Blackwell Companion to Judaism
14242:from the original on 6 August 2018
13177:, 2008-11-03, Mary Mederios Kent,
13009:"Muslims in Europe: Country guide"
12796:Darren E. Sherkat (22 June 2015).
12610:Goodstein, Laurie (2 April 2015).
11757:from the original on 29 March 2019
11452:from the original on 29 March 2019
11053:Sherwood, Harriet (27 July 2015).
10960:Yoo, David; Ruth H. Chung (2008).
10571:Yang, Fenggang (20 January 2017).
10493:World Christian Encyclopedia p.360
10213:Speiser, Matthew (28 April 2015).
9199:report, MRG international (2007).
8523:"Griechenlands verborgene Albaner"
8480:. Infobase Publishing. p. 3.
8362:Visser, Nadette De (25 May 2016).
7596:World Christian Encyclopedia p.374
7428:. Penguin Random House Australia.
7176:Nordi, Danielle (23 August 2011).
6786:. 10 February 2008. Archived from
6420:(3). University of Pretoria: 1–15.
5763:from the original on 29 March 2019
5047:
4865:Evangelical Dictionary of Theology
3091:particular countries, such as the
3085:
3051:National Commission for Minorities
2976:: India has the largest number of
2728:Nonreligious population by country
2718:geographic distribution of atheism
1285:According to scholar Rob Scott of
507:University of California, Berkeley
152:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
33:involves the spread of individual
25:
18380:
18304:
17971:. New York: World Almanac Books.
17940:Katju, Manjari (3 January 2015).
17687:. 22 October 2013. Archived from
16477:"A Brief Introduction to Sikhism"
16053:"Religion - Full Detail: QS218NI"
16028:"Religion (detailed): All people"
15897:, Springer US, pp. 273–285,
15800:. Cambridge Univ. Press. p.
15025:World Christian Encyclopedia 2001
14977:"Religion (&) Bahá'í Faith".
14232:Current Jewish Population Reports
13222:, Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi,
12260:. Fox News Channel. 30 March 2008
12064:Elliott, Andrea (30 April 2005).
10743:. America magazine. 14 May 2018.
10716:. World Scientific. p. XXV.
8976:. Time of Israel. 30 April 2017.
8156:. Random House Publishing Group.
6983:
6913:. 17 October 2007. Archived from
6852:. 7 February 2008. Archived from
6101:. Pulitzer Center. 9 March 2015.
5875:. 13 January 2013. Archived from
5266:Australia. Bureau of Statistics.
4754:. Pulitzer Center. 9 March 2015.
2953:
2522:in order to give them a stronger
1641:in Israel and Lebanon have a low
1468:world by population of Christians
722:is still the largest religion in
517:is growing by 3.3% annually, and
355:emigration of Chinese populations
18275:Christianity and Chinese Culture
17677:
17659:
17647:
17578:
17545:
17523:
17501:
17479:
17443:
17424:Fatah, Lara (26 November 2015).
17392:
17330:
17264:
17250:
17224:
17177:
17067:Deena Guzder (9 December 2008).
17026:
16986:"Wicca: What's the Fascination?"
16978:
16951:
16936:
16921:
16907:
16863:
16835:
16811:Tandon, Aditi (27 August 2015).
16804:
16776:
16715:
16687:
16651:
16635:. Blog.id.com.au. Archived from
16624:
16581:
16556:
16530:
16504:
16498:
16469:
16440:
16415:
16387:
16358:
16330:
16305:
16279:
16254:
16229:
16203:
16175:
16147:
16121:
16096:
16071:
16045:
16020:
15998:
15972:
15918:
15886:
15853:
15753:
15731:
15713:
15695:
15632:
15616:. 9 October 2012. Archived from
15494:
15336:
15275:
15253:
15219:
15165:
15138:
14970:
14905:
14879:
14853:
14827:
14801:
14775:
14749:
14723:
14618:
14596:
14566:
14545:
14519:
14492:Cohen, Erik H. (November 2002).
14485:
14459:
14450:
14417:
14363:
14328:
14319:
14277:
14268:
14254:
14212:
14146:
14092:
14076:
14054:
14007:
13993:
13983:
13980:Abdel-Haleem 2012, pp. 75–6, 77.
13974:
13947:
13927:Deshen, Shlomo (15 March 1989).
13869:
13860:
13816:
13798:
13768:
13742:
13733:
13707:
13655:
13607:
13555:
13526:
13492:
13463:
13433:
13387:
13320:Kaufmann, Eric (20 March 2010).
13314:
13256:
13135:
13115:
13083:
13064:
13001:
12757:
12725:
12695:
12663:
12603:
12584:
12517:
12489:"The Global Religious Landscape"
12453:
12428:
12396:
12364:
12272:
12250:
12218:
12184:
12150:
12124:
12091:
12057:
12025:
12000:
11943:
11870:
11858:
11818:
11737:
11715:
11642:
11605:
11577:
11565:
11538:
11494:
11467:
11432:
11426:The Radical Humanist – Volume 68
11417:
11403:
11377:
11352:
11326:
11315:
11274:
11246:
11108:
11065:
11046:
11020:
10993:
10978:
10964:. University of Illinois Press.
10953:
10934:
10884:
10864:
10834:
10814:
10797:. Encounter Books. p. 343.
10786:
10765:
10761:. Training leaders. 14 May 2018.
10751:
10733:
10705:
10688:
10663:
10638:
10620:
10552:
10539:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2008.00435.x
10509:
10484:
10459:
10434:
10420:
10406:
10389:
10346:
10320:
10254:
10234:
10206:
10181:
10153:
10121:
10104:
10051:
10006:
9988:
9905:
9876:
9862:
9844:
9819:
9790:
9765:
9740:
9712:
9683:
9669:
9634:
9605:
9588:
9550:
9533:
9519:
9480:
9415:
9397:
9372:
9355:. University of Tasmania Press.
9295:
9267:
9249:
9221:
9192:
9162:
9137:
9086:
9069:
9051:
9000:
8983:
8966:
8945:
8938:. AfricanNews. 30 January 2017.
8928:
8911:
8883:
8855:
8843:Ensor, Josie (30 January 2017).
8836:
8816:
8791:
8773:
8759:
8731:
8727:. Dailymotion. 22 February 2009.
8717:
8699:
8682:
8661:
8631:
8617:
8596:
8567:
8514:
8497:
8469:
8444:
8392:
8378:
8335:
8318:
8289:
8268:
8240:
8212:
8191:
8173:
8145:
8117:
8100:
8075:
8046:
8029:
8011:
7982:
7953:
7924:
7907:
7860:
7831:
7803:
7775:
7747:
7719:
7702:
7473:10.1111/j.1478-1913.2007.00161.x
7445:
7394:
7272:
7254:
7229:
7199:
7169:
7143:
7114:
7105:
7012:
6977:
6932:
6899:
6682:한국 가톨릭 태두 정진석 추기경 :: 네이버 뉴스
6153:Noll, Mark A. (25 August 2011).
6074:Religion in Global Civil Society
4379:
4369:
4360:
4067:
3064:from Islam to Zoroastrianism in
1862:
957:An event at Evangelical church:
898:across all education levels. In
17969:World Almanac and Book of Facts
16695:"Sidebar: Demographic profiles"
15231:"Baha'i People in Iran—Inquiry"
14809:"Bolivia – Religious Adherents"
14228:"World Jewish Population, 2015"
14171:His speech can be found here: "
13933:. University of Chicago Press.
13566:. Oxford University Press USA.
13470:Simon Shuster (3 August 2013).
13270:Unrest in France, November 2005
12234:. 30 March 2008. Archived from
12041:. 26 April 2010. Archived from
12033:"Why do Western Women Convert?"
11725:. Pew Research. 27 January 2011
11612:Sharma, Arvind (3 April 2014).
10495:. Oxford University Press USA.
9854:. providence. 12 October 2020.
9379:Mvan Gorder, Christian (2018).
8862:RChinyong Liow, Joseph (2016).
7728:Indonesia: The Great Transition
7598:. Oxford University Press USA.
7426:A Short History of Christianity
7211:"The Rise of a New World Faith"
7150:Conger, George (17 July 2012).
7121:Kumar, Anugrah (15 July 2012).
6813:
6794:
6776:
6758:
6736:Nai-Chiu Poon, Michael (2010).
6729:
6711:
6697:
6673:
6577:
6560:
6542:
6533:
6519:Phillips, Tom (19 April 2014).
6512:
6455:
6414:Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae
6401:
6383:
6365:
6273:
6254:
6125:
6108:
6091:
5982:
5950:
5918:
5886:
5866:"The Future of World Religions"
5817:
5743:
5724:Encyclopedia of Global Religion
5715:
5696:
5588:
5565:
5534:
5521:
5416:
5397:
5378:
5364:
5270:. 21 January 2003. 19 May 2006.
5226:
5185:
5147:
5068:
5021:
5002:
4597:"The Future of World Religions"
4555:"The Future of World Religions"
2836:, an important sacred place in
2698:List of countries by irreligion
2691:
2611:
1965:second world's largest religion
1762:Percentage of Hindus by country
1527:Singapore Management University
1525:. According to a report by the
1410:declines in the developed world
810:. The paper concludes that the
401:
213:Australian Bureau of Statistics
194:According to Johnson and Grim,
17942:"The Politics of "Ghar Wapsi""
17554:"Redirect to Census data page"
17151:. Princeton University Press.
17145:Gerhard Bowering, ed. (2009).
17069:"The Last of the Zoroastrians"
16990:Christian Broadcasting Network
16033:. National Records of Scotland
15663:"Redirect to Census data page"
15572:. October 2001. Archived from
15354:Baháʼí World News Service 1992
15235:Statements from Roméo Dallaire
14835:"Zambia – Religious Adherents"
14783:"Belize – Religious Adherents"
14757:"Panama – Religious Adherents"
14394:American Jewish Year Book 2015
13954:Rispler-Chaim, Vardit (2007).
13384:. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
11364:www.globalreligiousfutures.org
11148:. Cambridge University Press.
11144:Chatty, Dawn (15 March 2010).
11090:The Druze Population of Israel
10985:Zhang, Han (12 January 2024).
9887:. Verlag Münster. p. 82.
9259:. Der Spiegel. 23 April 2007.
9144:M. Shaw Ph.D, Jeffrey (2019).
8507:. Deutsche Welle. 6 May 2015.
8110:. Wilson Center. 30 May 2013.
7536:. Cambridge University Press.
7019:Bazar, Emily (16 April 2008).
6657:. 30 June 2005. Archived from
4589:
4547:
4468:
2708:In terms of absolute numbers,
1400:growth of Christian population
924:Australian National University
13:
1:
18240:"How many Baháʼís are there?"
18152:The World of the Bahá'í Faith
18120:The World of the Bahá'í Faith
18088:The World of the Bahá'í Faith
18056:The World of the Bahá'í Faith
18007:Roy, T.K.; Unisa, S. (2004),
17947:Economic and Political Weekly
17845:The World of the Bahá'í Faith
17724:
16448:"Want to know about Sikhism?"
15310:"Overview Of World Religions"
15145:compiled by Wagner, Ralph D.
14913:"Kenya – Religious Adherents"
14031:– via Internet Archive.
12560:"Islam Growing Fastest, p.07"
11584:Mercer, Phil (23 June 2012).
9679:. Telegraph. 30 January 2017.
9616:. In Cesari, Jocelyne (ed.).
9581:. providence. 3 August 2020.
9560:. providence. 3 August 2020.
9543:. JewishPress. 29 June 2021.
9093:Abdullaev, Kamoludin (2018).
8769:. Reuters. 29 September 2008.
8345:. Nordic.info. 4 April 2019.
7935:. In Cesari, Jocelyne (ed.).
7530:Samuel Shah, Timothy (2016).
7186:Internet Group do Brasil (iG)
6939:R. McDermott, Gerald (2014).
6237:Encyclopedia of Protestantism
6213:. Columbia University Press.
6188:World Religions and Democracy
6038:Mauro, J.-P. (24 July 2018).
5571:Ruokanen, Huang. 2011. p. 171
4336:List of religious populations
2987:was founded during the early
1840:. According to proponents of
1691:, Islam and other religions.
513:is growing by 1.3% annually,
182:is based on the teachings of
167:, Australia. Buddhism is the
18199:10.1016/0048-721X(89)90077-8
18027:Journal of Religious History
17986:Rabbani, Ahang (July 1987).
17887:Minorities in the Arab World
17791:World Christian Encyclopedia
17769:"Most Baha'i Nations (2010)"
15903:10.1007/978-0-387-29904-4_27
15042:Religion in the Soviet Union
14992:Hampson, Arthur (May 1980).
14887:"Chad – Religious Adherents"
14731:"Iran – Religious Adherents"
13877:"The Islamisation of Bosnia"
13750:"Islam, The Spread of Islam"
13564:World Christian Encyclopedia
12412:. No. 8. Archived from
11938:Council on Foreign Relations
11424:Manabendra Nath Roy (2004).
11200:De McLaurin, Ronald (1979).
10632:Council on Foreign Relations
8521:Armand Feka (16 July 2013).
7842:. Destiny Image Publishers.
7754:P. Daniels, Timothy (2017).
6431:Barker, Isabelle V. (2005).
5722:Juergensmeyer, Mark (2012).
5529:Chinese traditional religion
4396:
2878:(0.8% Sikh), 280,000 in the
2874:(2.1% Sikh), 524,529 in the
2350:communities in the medieval
2330:under administration of the
1919:is roughly similar to those
1598:World Christian Encyclopedia
1548:Council on Foreign Relations
1531:Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
1496:World Christian Encyclopedia
1491:World Christian Encyclopedia
1485:World Christian Encyclopedia
1276:Council on Foreign Relations
1082:World Christian Encyclopedia
999:According to the records of
310:Chinese traditional religion
96:is roughly similar to those
7:
17834:– via Boston College.
17747:(1): 75–114. Archived from
16725:. Dailyo.in. 27 August 2015
16568:United States Census Bureau
16190:United States Census Bureau
16162:United States Census Bureau
16108:United States Census Bureau
16083:United States Census Bureau
14979:Britannica Book of the Year
14402:10.1007/978-3-319-24505-8_7
14274:Gartner (2001), pp. 400–01.
14114:. Oxford University Press.
14111:The Oxford History of Islam
13192:Population Reference Bureau
12707:Population Reference Bureau
11503:"Russians embrace Hinduism"
10670:R. Burrow, William (2009).
9776:. Oxford University Press.
9442:"Militant about "Islamism""
7989:Kokkali, Ifigeneia (2015).
7838:A El Shafie, Majed (2012).
7389:Retrieved 24 September 2012
6878:W. Robinson, David (2012).
6351:. Oxford University Press.
6077:. Oxford University Press.
4990:Laws Criminalizing Apostasy
4324:
4077:Future change by conversion
3049:in India. According to the
2899:four major religious groups
2886:(0.8% Sikh), and 40,908 in
2758:(60%). According to a 2017
2624:History of the Baháʼí Faith
2526:so there is less chance of
2507:The overall growth rate of
2450:is the only country with a
2378:which hosted a speech from
2368:The Oxford History of Islam
2120:Muslim population in Europe
2063:Population Reference Bureau
1753:
1689:Druze embraced Christianity
1563:estimated that about 8% of
1553:Eastern Kentucky University
1299:Fuller Theological Seminary
1040:According to the historian
605:Europe Christian population
408:Christian population growth
139:
10:
18385:
17702:Ahmad, Tariq (June 2017).
17380:. Rudaw. 21 September 2016
16631:Glenn (6 September 2012).
16338:"The Sikh Community Today"
16313:"Sikhism Reporter's Guide"
15531:"Religiously Unaffiliated"
14434:10.1002/9780470758014.ch27
14338:. Forward.com. 24 May 2010
13849:, Greenwood Press (2002),
11116:"Druze set to visit Syria"
10847:. Routledge. p. 166.
10116:Cambridge University Press
9967:A. Kayyali, Randa (2006).
9936:A. Kayyali, Randa (2006).
9690:M. Davis, Stephen (2020).
9079:. Reuters. 16 April 2019.
9011:. Routledge. p. 163.
8086:. Routledge. p. 133.
7966:The New Albanian Migration
7960:De Rapper, Gilles (2005).
7424:Blainey, Geoffrey (2011).
7402:"Jewish Americans in 2020"
6773:, Tuesday 17 November 2015
5601:. NYU Press. p. 200.
5233:Young, William W. (2018).
4999:Library of Congress (2014)
4862:A. Elwell, Walter (2017).
4056:
2991:in the 6th century BCE by
2957:
2882:(0.08% Sikh), 210,400 in
2821:
2817:
2701:
2695:
2621:
2615:
2496:. Studies have shown that
2404:
2400:
2242:
2002:has the largest number of
1855:
1005:its beginning in the 1830s
832:Wilfrid Laurier University
411:
405:
382:intervening in this world.
348:Chinese Taoist Association
287:Buddhists around the world
149:
143:
135:Growth of religious groups
18206:Taraporevala, S. (2000),
17923:10.1002/9781118555767.ch1
17917:. John Wiley & Sons.
17653:World Religion Database,
17607:"World Religion Database"
17605:Dekker, Jennifer (2010).
15101:Journal of Baháʼí Studies
14573:Waxman, Chaim I. (2007).
13957:Disability in Islamic law
13943:– via Google Books.
13619:24 September 2015 at the
11933:Europe: Integrating Islam
11614:"Hinduism and Conversion"
11281:Granli, Elisabet (2011).
9912:Granli, Elisabet (2011).
9797:Nisan, Mordechai (2015).
9383:. Routledge. p. 17.
9148:. ABC-CLIO. p. 200.
9035:Svenska Dagbladet (SvD),
8550:Kretsi, Georgina (2005).
8476:A. West, Barbara (2010).
8388:. yle.f. 23 October 2017.
7814:. Routledge. p. 53.
7810:L. Berger, Peter (2018).
7758:. Springer. p. 102.
7567:. Routledge. p. 86.
7288:, Zondervan, p. 24,
6539:Miller, 2006. pp. 185–186
6266:24 September 2015 at the
6250:– via Google Books.
6223:– via Google Books.
6169:– via Google Books.
6087:– via Google Books.
5693:MIller, 2006. pp. 185–186
5585:Chen, Jeung. 2012. p. 200
5268:Year Book Australia, 2003
4820:"Canadian Pentecostalism"
4304:Muslim-majority countries
4210:
4196:
4182:
4168:
4154:
4140:
4126:
4113:Religiously Unaffiliated
4112:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3009:Muslim conquest of Persia
2870:, with around 771,790 in
2456:natural population growth
2046:world's Muslim population
1561:Colorado State University
1445:Conservative Christianity
337:According to a survey of
18316:12 February 2016 at the
17857:10.4324/9780429027772-55
17591:5 September 2013 at the
16958:(Elizabeth) Wynn, Anne.
15092:Hassall, Graham (1992).
14606:. Jewish Virtual Library
14582:Jewish Agency for Israel
14575:"Annual Assessment 2007"
14456:de Lange (2002), p. 220.
13327:22 November 2011 at the
13322:"Europe's Muslim Future"
13218:17 December 2008 at the
9883:Tyndall, Andrea (2012).
9830:. ABC-CLIO. p. 56.
9007:Mutalib, Hussin (2012).
8152:Newman, Barbara (2005).
7697:an astounding 6,500,000.
7499:Anderson, Allan (2013).
7128:The Christian Post, Inc.
6681:
6655:U.S. Department of State
6007:10.1177/2396939317739833
5014:4 September 2014 at the
4353:
4319:Religiously Unaffiliated
2929:
2740:religiously unaffiliated
2504:, especially in Israel.
2218:Europe Muslim population
1858:Muslim population growth
1851:
1624:
1608:
1457:Christian fundamentalism
1324:Johns Hopkins University
1058:Evangelical Christianity
693:decolonization of Africa
676:Georgia State University
645:University of California
499:world's largest religion
491:world's largest religion
473:in Tibet: The number of
169:fastest-growing religion
18:Fastest-growing religion
18039:10.1111/1467-9809.12280
17967:Park, Ken, ed. (2004).
17586:World Religion Database
17338:"Saving India's Parsis"
17189:Encyclopædia Britannica
17174:, p. 100, Volume 2
15930:Encyclopædia Britannica
15862:Religions of South Asia
15179:Journal of Hate Studies
15153:. Baháʼí Library Online
14706:Johnson & Grim 2013
14695:(subscription required)
14682:World Religion Database
14226:; Sheskin, Ira (eds.).
14157:Encyclopædia Britannica
14087:Oxford University Press
14048:Encyclopædia Britannica
13695:. Yale University Press
13265:branch or sect of Islam
13185:8 November 2008 at the
11831:. Pew Research Center.
10841:S. Chin, Clive (2017).
10712:Tan, Chee-beng (2014).
10672:Redemption And Dialogue
10628:"Christianity in China"
9826:A. Shoup, John (2011).
9772:Wilfred, Felix (2014).
9541:"Iran's Christian Boom"
8993:. BBC. 25 August 2017.
8738:Radford, David (2015).
8247:Monnier, F. le (2009).
8124:Chapman, Colin (2012).
8082:P S Rowe, Paul (2018).
7563:Madinier, Rémy (2011).
6240:. Infobase Publishing.
5560:Johnson & Grim 2013
5516:Johnson & Grim 2013
5332:Johnson & Grim 2013
4995:11 October 2017 at the
4418:Johnson & Grim 2013
3001:ancient Iranian empires
2704:Demographics of atheism
2654:Baháʼí House of Worship
2634:Baháʼí House of Worship
2618:Baháʼí Faith by country
2555:interreligious marriage
2186:Bundesnachrichtendienst
1482:, and both are work on
1365:University of Cambridge
1046:University of Melbourne
1015:convert to Christianity
889:estimated in 2005 that
742:, 71.0% of the Western
163:, a Buddhist temple in
18369:Religious demographics
18212:, Bombay: Good Books,
17614:The Charleston Advisor
16287:"How Many U.S. Sikhs?"
16266:United States Congress
16211:"How Many U.S. Sikhs?"
15133:Smith & Momen 1989
14941:Smith & Momen 1989
14325:Kaplan (2003), p. 301.
14136:"The MacMillan Center"
13395:"Battle of the Babies"
13128:4 January 2020 at the
11551:. Wiley. p. 559.
11480:. BRILL. p. 135.
11253:Hobby, Jeneen (2011).
11006:. VNR AG. p. 28.
9751:. LIT Verlag Münster.
9719:Özyürek, Esra (2008).
9127:(September 14, 2007).
9024:the last decade or so.
8798:Akçalı, Pınar (2013).
8020:Sociological Abstracts
8018:P. Chall, Leo (1998).
7726:Bresnan, John (2005).
6131:Hillerbrand, Hans J.,
5344:Harvey, Peter (2013).
4341:Major religious groups
4238:(+6 million), and the
2981:
2968:Maneckji Seth Agiary (
2840:
2742:(include agnostic and
2731:
2661:
2641:
2550:
2511:is 1.7% annually. The
2435:
2283:
2203:
2049:
2007:
1899:
1810:
1763:
1646:
1471:
1287:University of Tasmania
1136:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1076:
962:
891:Protestants in Vietnam
887:US Department of State
882:
785:University of Pretoria
727:
635:. According to a 2017
567:majority of population
478:
447: Orthodox (11.1%)
414:Spread of Christianity
384:
375:
362:University of Helsinki
334:
176:
17889:, New York: AMS Press
17804:. London: Routledge.
16370:Religion News Service
15870:10.4324/9780203970027
15318:University of Cumbria
13824:"History of Religion"
13715:"The Spread of Islam"
13690:"The Spread of Islam"
13380:23 March 2012 at the
13375:Summary about Europe0
13239:15 April 2009 at the
13157:23 March 2009 at the
10645:Hartch, Todd (2014).
10577:Sociology of Religion
9228:White, Jenny (2014).
8219:Aras, Bülent (1999).
7782:Madan, T. N. (2011).
7383:20 March 2017 at the
7248:Religion News Service
5726:. SAGE. p. 252.
4957:on 10 February 2018.
4315:Christianity in China
3107:. It is published by
2972:place of worship) in
2967:
2958:Further information:
2831:
2822:Further information:
2803:'s global studies on
2726:
2716:generally). (See the
2696:Further information:
2647:
2631:
2622:Further information:
2548:
2532:Baal teshuva movement
2414:
2405:Further information:
2259:
2243:Further information:
2198:
2075:ex-Muslim communities
2031:
1989:
1897:
1801:
1761:
1632:
1513:According to scholar
1465:
1405:Christianity in China
1307:University of Chicago
1270:, the United States,
1070:
982:Evangelical Christian
956:
904:University of Toronto
872:
714:
603:respectively surpass
591:was the home for the
573:and Caribbean (89%),
462:
388:Chinese folk religion
379:
370:
343:Chinese folk religion
317:
159:
144:Further information:
125:established religions
18159:. pp. 569–580.
18127:. pp. 557–568.
18095:. pp. 614–621.
18063:. pp. 501–512.
17851:. pp. 591–602.
17800:Boyce, Mary (2001).
17635:on 27 September 2013
17489:. Rudaw. 2 June 2015
17467:on 30 September 2017
17325:Roy & Unisa 2004
17313:Roy & Unisa 2004
17289:Roy & Unisa 2004
17039:The Arizona Republic
16764:on 27 September 2007
16597:2021 Canadian census
16059:on 16 September 2017
15985:www150.statcan.gc.ca
15725:Catholic News Agency
15229:(29 November 2011).
14867:on 27 September 2013
14678:"Baha'is by Country"
14428:. pp. 495–511.
14220:DellaPergola, Sergio
14140:The MacMillan Center
13847:The History of India
13780:www.historytoday.com
13253:, 2008-10-28; -->
12920:23 July 2013 at the
11851:30 July 2013 at the
11228:Swayd, Samy (1998).
11000:Brian Niiya (1993).
10793:Taher, Amir (2020).
10362:Sociological Science
10295:on 21 December 2008.
9747:Hann, Chris (2006).
8890:Carnes, Nat (2012).
8405:Approaching Religion
6850:Agence France-Presse
6790:on 10 February 2008.
6500:on 26 September 2018
5493:3 March 2016 at the
4923:. 18 November 2017.
4461:23 July 2013 at the
4258:(-0.58 million) and
4087:religious conversion
3139:Annual growth rate*
3043:2011 Census of India
2852:the region of Punjab
2598:religious conversion
2494:intermarried couples
2482:Conservative Judaism
2173:University of London
1954:According to a 2017
1669:ethnoreligious group
1480:George Thomas Kurian
1453:University of London
1357:University of Madras
971:University of London
908:Chinese Singaporeans
664:religious conversion
633:religious conversion
607:because of the high
597:Christians in Africa
481:According to a 2011
301:According to a 2017
296:religious conversion
78:religious conversion
18262:. NYU Press, 2012.
18226:on 14 February 2006
18155:. Oxfordshire, UK:
18147:Stockman, Robert H.
18123:. Oxfordshire, UK:
18115:Stockman, Robert H.
18091:. Oxfordshire, UK:
18083:Stockman, Robert H.
18059:. Oxfordshire, UK:
18051:Stockman, Robert H.
17847:. Oxfordshire, UK:
17841:Stockman, Robert H.
17691:on 22 October 2013.
16876:www12.statcan.gc.ca
16848:Pew Research Center
16823:on 21 February 2017
16789:Pew Research Center
16700:Pew Research Center
16605:Pew Research Center
16516:Pew Research Center
16291:Pew Research Center
16215:Pew Research Center
15959:www12.statcan.gc.ca
15761:"Unaffiliated p:81"
15620:on 25 December 2018
15595:8 June 2015 at the
15107:(3). Archived from
14789:on 22 November 2015
14196:. 22 January 2013.
14064:. islamreligion.com
13501:"The Salafi Moment"
13275:6 June 2011 at the
13206:1 June 2009 at the
12997:. 29 November 2017.
12896:Pew Research Center
12496:Pew Research Center
12467:The Washington Post
12199:The Daily Telegraph
11668:10.3390/rel10050313
11389:Pew Research Center
10193:Pew Research Center
10167:The Washington Post
10118:, 2003) pp. 219–20.
10020:. 10 December 2016.
9507:on 22 December 2014
9349:Scott, Rob (2017).
9333:Pew Research Center
8455:. Wm. B. Eerdmans.
7406:Pew Research Center
7335:Pew Research Center
7314:Pew Research Center
7182:Delas Comportamento
7131:Washington, DC, USA
6856:on 10 February 2008
6603:Pew Research Center
6443:on 17 December 2013
6377:Pew Research Center
6323:Pew Research Center
5873:Pew Research Center
5541:Pew Research Center
5518:, pp. 290–291.
5468:Pew Research Center
5374:. 18 December 2012.
5060:. 27 January 2011.
4975:. 27 January 2011.
4800:The Washington Post
4737:. ABC. 30 May 2021.
4628:Pew Research Center
4581:. 27 January 2011.
4529:Pew Research Center
4465:Accessed July 2013.
4346:Trends in adherence
4331:History of religion
4250:(+2.9 million) and
4240:Asia-Pacific region
4095:
4085:published in 2010,
4083:Pew Research Center
3117:
3045:, there are 57,264
3041:. According to the
2995:. It served as the
2760:Pew Research Center
2736:Pew Research Center
2602:Pew Research Center
2596:published on 2010,
2594:Pew Research Center
2216:fertility rate. In
2156:Pew Research Center
2114:in 2017 found that
2112:Pew Research Center
1961:Pew Research Center
1956:Pew Research Center
1909:Pew Research Center
1875:. According to the
1792:Pew Research Center
1771:Pew Research Center
1712:Lebanese Christians
1700:Columbia University
1476:Columbia University
1433:Mainline Protestant
1431:argued that while "
1417:Pew Research Center
1343:, and among Muslim
1035:Pew Research Center
1019:Pew Research Center
988:countries, such as
932:Gallup Organization
916:Chinese Indonesians
844:Stanford University
773:Pew Research Center
740:Pew Research Center
716:Notre-Dame de Paris
637:Pew Research Center
543:Pew Research Center
495:Pew Research Center
487:Pew Research Center
483:Pew Research Center
464:Sacred Heart Church
303:Pew Research Center
294:published on 2010,
292:Pew Research Center
146:Buddhism by country
55:Pew Research Center
18017:on 8 November 2006
17260:. 24 October 2017.
17238:. 6 September 2006
17045:on 25 October 2010
16966:on 10 January 2012
16601:U.S. Census Bureau
16342:Harvard University
15482:on 8 November 2012
15324:on 9 December 2007
14815:on 15 October 2015
14654:. 9 February 2015.
13883:on 2 January 2014.
13511:on 2 November 2013
13399:newhumanist.org.uk
13293:(19 August 2007).
13250:The Jerusalem Post
13164:The Globe and Mail
13017:. 23 December 2005
12972:on 9 February 2011
12953:on 9 February 2011
12617:The New York Times
12505:on 25 January 2017
12163:The New York Times
12070:The New York Times
11525:The Times of India
11288:University of Oslo
10316:. 13 January 2013.
9969:The Arab Americans
9938:The Arab Americans
9919:University of Oslo
9614:"Albanians' Islam"
9065:. 17 January 2018.
9043:2009-03-21 at the
8645:on 1 November 2020
7933:"Albanians' Islam"
7073:. 12 October 2014.
6945:. Baker Academic.
6807:The New York Times
6661:on 20 October 2006
6605:. 13 November 2014
6469:. 20 December 2011
6379:. 29 October 2018.
6190:. 2005, page 119.
4868:. Baker Academic.
4776:The New York Times
4286:(-3 million), and
4284:sub-Saharan Africa
4248:Sub-Saharan Africa
4093:
3115:
3081:Overall statistics
2982:
2841:
2824:Sikhism by country
2732:
2662:
2642:
2564:Jewish populations
2551:
2513:diaspora countries
2436:
2284:
2204:
2200:Jama Masjid, Delhi
2134:and above average
2087:Harvard University
2055:Sub Saharan Africa
2050:
2023:Nicholas Eberstadt
2008:
1929:Sub-Saharan Africa
1900:
1811:
1764:
1647:
1633:Druze families in
1523:university degrees
1472:
1449:Harvard University
1429:Indiana University
1425:Harvard University
1303:Harvard University
1293:and about 130,000
1077:
986:Catholic Christian
963:
883:
731:America and Asia.
728:
583:Sub Saharan Africa
547:Sub Saharan Africa
503:Mark Juergensmeyer
479:
475:Chinese Christians
453: Other (0.5%)
368:and Christianity:
335:
184:Siddhartha Gautama
177:
86:capital punishment
31:Growth of religion
18364:Religious studies
18219:978-81-901216-0-6
18166:978-1-138-36772-2
18134:978-1-138-36772-2
18102:978-1-138-36772-2
18070:978-1-138-36772-2
17866:978-1-138-36772-2
17669:. 14 April 2014.
17358:. 23 October 2019
17301:Taraporevala 2000
17291:, pp. 8, 21.
17209:Rivetna, Roshan.
16992:. 16 October 2013
16544:. 23 October 2020
16135:. 9 February 2022
16133:Statistics Canada
15912:978-0-387-29904-4
15707:www.aciprensa.com
15576:on 14 April 2012.
15241:on 6 January 2014
14943:, pp. 70–71.
14919:on 5 January 2020
14708:, pp. 59–62.
14473:on 12 August 2011
14443:978-0-470-75801-4
14312:978-1-4128-2689-1
14224:Dashefsky, Arnold
14121:978-0-19-977100-4
13967:978-1-4020-5051-0
13828:www.mapsofwar.com
13756:on 22 August 2014
13721:on 22 August 2014
13675:on 29 April 2015.
13651:on 29 April 2015.
13603:on 29 April 2015.
13540:on 18 August 2014
13228:, especially the
13175:Statistics Sweden
13132:, CNN, 2011-01-27
13076:29 April 2015 at
12870:on 8 October 2020
12596:29 April 2015 at
12202:. 31 March 2008.
12112:on 6 October 2016
12045:on 6 October 2014
11703:. 27 January 2011
11239:978-0-9662932-0-3
11155:978-0-521-81792-9
10971:978-0-252-07474-5
10268:. 26 August 2010.
10047:on 29 April 2015.
9647:Global Missiology
8921:. 23 March 2015.
8417:10.30664/ar.80355
8205:. 19 April 2016.
7316:. 2 October 2013.
6973:on 21 April 2010.
6137:Wider Protestants
5882:on 29 April 2015.
5708:29 April 2015 at
5428:29 April 2015 at
5409:29 April 2015 at
5390:29 April 2015 at
5334:, pp. 34–37.
4802:. 3 August 2002.
4778:. 3 August 2005.
4673:978-0-19-934563-2
4630:. 27 January 2011
4609:on 29 April 2015.
4567:on 29 April 2015.
4488:on 29 April 2015.
4432:Todd M. Johnson,
4262:(-0.06 million).
4224:
4223:
4081:According to the
4065:
4064:
4061:
3992:Total Population
3105:Boston University
3099:Historical growth
3013:forced conversion
2592:According to the
2440:Jewish population
2328:Coptic Christians
2095:Iranian Americans
1977:African-Americans
1813:According to the
1748:Israeli Christian
1727:Muslim population
1717:According to the
1519:Purdue University
1504:Christian mission
1415:According to the
1333:Albanian diaspora
1295:Iranian Americans
1079:According to the
808:Western countries
695:and abolition of
680:Boston University
511:Roman Catholicism
339:religion in China
171:by percentage in
129:market saturation
127:), and religious
16:(Redirected from
18376:
18251:
18250:on 17 July 2015.
18234:
18233:
18231:
18222:, archived from
18202:
18170:
18143:Stockman, Robert
18138:
18111:Stockman, Robert
18106:
18074:
18042:
18018:
18003:
18001:
17999:
17982:
17963:
17936:
17909:
17890:
17878:
17835:
17833:
17831:
17825:
17815:
17796:
17784:
17782:
17780:
17775:on 27 April 2022
17771:. Archived from
17763:
17761:
17759:
17753:
17738:
17719:
17718:
17716:
17714:
17699:
17693:
17692:
17681:
17675:
17674:
17663:
17657:
17651:
17645:
17644:
17642:
17640:
17634:
17628:. Archived from
17611:
17602:
17596:
17582:
17576:
17575:
17569:
17561:
17549:
17543:
17542:
17540:
17538:
17527:
17521:
17520:
17518:
17516:
17505:
17499:
17498:
17496:
17494:
17483:
17477:
17476:
17474:
17472:
17466:
17460:. Archived from
17455:
17447:
17441:
17440:
17438:
17436:
17421:
17415:
17414:
17412:
17410:
17396:
17390:
17389:
17387:
17385:
17374:
17368:
17367:
17365:
17363:
17348:
17342:
17341:
17334:
17328:
17322:
17316:
17310:
17304:
17298:
17292:
17286:
17280:
17279:
17268:
17262:
17261:
17254:
17248:
17247:
17245:
17243:
17236:Laurie Goodstein
17228:
17222:
17221:
17215:
17206:
17200:
17199:
17197:
17195:
17181:
17175:
17169:
17163:
17162:
17142:
17136:
17130:
17124:
17118:
17112:
17111:
17109:
17107:
17092:
17086:
17085:
17083:
17081:
17064:
17055:
17054:
17052:
17050:
17041:. Archived from
17030:
17024:
17023:
17021:
17019:
17008:
17002:
17001:
16999:
16997:
16982:
16976:
16975:
16973:
16971:
16955:
16949:
16948:
16940:
16934:
16933:
16925:
16919:
16918:
16911:
16905:
16904:
16893:
16887:
16886:
16884:
16882:
16867:
16861:
16860:
16858:
16856:
16851:. 23 August 2022
16839:
16833:
16832:
16830:
16828:
16819:. Archived from
16808:
16802:
16801:
16799:
16797:
16792:. 23 August 2022
16780:
16774:
16773:
16771:
16769:
16763:
16752:
16744:
16735:
16734:
16732:
16730:
16719:
16713:
16712:
16710:
16708:
16703:. 23 August 2022
16691:
16685:
16684:
16677:
16671:
16670:
16668:
16666:
16655:
16649:
16648:
16646:
16644:
16639:on 19 April 2013
16628:
16622:
16585:
16579:
16578:
16576:
16574:
16560:
16554:
16553:
16551:
16549:
16534:
16528:
16527:
16525:
16523:
16508:
16502:
16496:
16495:
16490:
16488:
16473:
16467:
16466:
16461:
16459:
16444:
16438:
16437:
16432:
16430:
16419:
16413:
16412:
16407:
16405:
16391:
16385:
16384:
16379:
16377:
16372:. 10 August 2022
16362:
16356:
16355:
16350:
16348:
16334:
16328:
16327:
16325:
16323:
16309:
16303:
16302:
16300:
16298:
16283:
16277:
16276:
16274:
16272:
16258:
16252:
16251:
16249:
16247:
16233:
16227:
16226:
16224:
16222:
16207:
16201:
16200:
16198:
16196:
16187:
16179:
16173:
16172:
16170:
16168:
16159:
16151:
16145:
16144:
16142:
16140:
16125:
16119:
16118:
16116:
16114:
16100:
16094:
16093:
16091:
16089:
16075:
16069:
16068:
16066:
16064:
16049:
16043:
16042:
16040:
16038:
16032:
16024:
16018:
16017:
16015:
16013:
16002:
15996:
15995:
15993:
15991:
15976:
15970:
15969:
15967:
15965:
15950:
15941:
15940:
15938:
15936:
15922:
15916:
15915:
15890:
15884:
15883:
15857:
15851:
15850:
15848:
15846:
15841:on 29 April 2015
15840:
15834:. Archived from
15833:
15825:
15816:
15815:
15799:
15789:
15783:
15782:
15780:
15778:
15773:on 29 April 2015
15772:
15766:. Archived from
15765:
15757:
15751:
15750:
15748:
15746:
15735:
15729:
15728:
15717:
15711:
15710:
15699:
15693:
15692:
15686:
15678:
15676:
15674:
15665:. Archived from
15658:
15652:
15651:
15649:
15647:
15636:
15630:
15629:
15627:
15625:
15606:
15600:
15587:
15578:
15577:
15562:
15551:
15550:
15548:
15546:
15527:
15518:
15517:
15515:
15513:
15498:
15492:
15491:
15489:
15487:
15472:
15466:
15460:
15454:
15453:
15451:
15449:
15444:
15435:
15429:
15423:
15417:
15411:
15405:
15399:
15393:
15387:
15381:
15375:
15369:
15363:
15357:
15351:
15345:
15340:
15334:
15333:
15331:
15329:
15320:. Archived from
15306:
15300:
15299:
15297:
15295:
15279:
15273:
15272:
15270:
15268:
15257:
15251:
15250:
15248:
15246:
15223:
15217:
15211:
15205:
15204:
15194:
15192:10.33972/jhs.201
15169:
15163:
15162:
15160:
15158:
15142:
15136:
15130:
15124:
15123:
15121:
15119:
15113:
15098:
15089:
15083:
15082:
15080:
15078:
15060:
15054:
15053:
15034:
15028:
15022:
15016:
15015:
15013:
15011:
14989:
14983:
14982:
14974:
14968:
14962:
14956:
14950:
14944:
14938:
14929:
14928:
14926:
14924:
14909:
14903:
14902:
14900:
14898:
14883:
14877:
14876:
14874:
14872:
14857:
14851:
14850:
14848:
14846:
14831:
14825:
14824:
14822:
14820:
14805:
14799:
14798:
14796:
14794:
14779:
14773:
14772:
14770:
14768:
14753:
14747:
14746:
14744:
14742:
14727:
14721:
14715:
14709:
14703:
14697:
14696:
14693:
14691:
14689:
14674:
14668:
14662:
14656:
14655:
14648:
14642:
14641:
14639:
14637:
14632:on 24 April 2015
14628:. Archived from
14622:
14616:
14615:
14613:
14611:
14600:
14594:
14593:
14591:
14589:
14579:
14570:
14564:
14563:
14561:
14559:
14549:
14543:
14542:
14540:
14538:
14523:
14517:
14516:
14514:
14512:
14507:on 16 April 2021
14506:
14499:
14489:
14483:
14482:
14480:
14478:
14469:. Archived from
14463:
14457:
14454:
14448:
14447:
14421:
14415:
14414:
14389:
14383:
14382:
14380:
14378:
14367:
14361:
14354:
14348:
14347:
14345:
14343:
14332:
14326:
14323:
14317:
14316:
14293:
14284:
14281:
14275:
14272:
14266:
14265:
14264:. 20 March 2013.
14258:
14252:
14251:
14249:
14247:
14216:
14210:
14209:
14207:
14205:
14186:
14177:
14166:
14160:
14150:
14144:
14143:
14132:
14126:
14125:
14105:
14099:
14096:
14090:
14080:
14074:
14073:
14071:
14069:
14058:
14052:
14039:
14033:
14032:
14020:
14011:
14005:
14004:
13997:
13991:
13987:
13981:
13978:
13972:
13971:
13951:
13945:
13944:
13924:
13915:
13912:
13906:
13905:
13894:
13885:
13884:
13873:
13867:
13864:
13858:
13843:
13832:
13831:
13820:
13814:
13813:
13802:
13796:
13795:
13793:
13791:
13782:. Archived from
13772:
13766:
13765:
13763:
13761:
13752:. Archived from
13746:
13740:
13737:
13731:
13730:
13728:
13726:
13711:
13705:
13704:
13702:
13700:
13694:
13686:
13677:
13676:
13674:
13668:. Archived from
13667:
13659:
13653:
13652:
13650:
13644:. Archived from
13643:
13635:
13624:
13611:
13605:
13604:
13602:
13596:. Archived from
13595:
13587:
13578:
13577:
13559:
13553:
13552:
13547:
13545:
13530:
13524:
13523:
13518:
13516:
13507:. Archived from
13496:
13490:
13489:
13484:
13482:
13467:
13461:
13460:
13455:
13453:
13437:
13431:
13430:
13428:
13426:
13421:. 29 August 2012
13409:
13403:
13402:
13401:. 22 March 2010.
13391:
13385:
13373:
13371:
13369:
13364:on 10 March 2012
13363:
13356:
13344:
13338:
13318:
13312:
13311:
13309:
13307:
13287:
13281:
13260:
13254:
13139:
13133:
13119:
13113:
13112:
13110:
13108:
13103:on 29 April 2015
13102:
13096:. Archived from
13095:
13087:
13081:
13068:
13062:
13061:
13059:
13057:
13052:on 29 April 2015
13051:
13045:. Archived from
13044:
13036:
13027:
13026:
13024:
13022:
13005:
12999:
12998:
12991:
12982:
12981:
12979:
12977:
12968:. Archived from
12962:
12960:
12958:
12949:. Archived from
12941:
12939:
12937:
12932:on 23 March 2012
12928:. Archived from
12909:
12900:
12899:
12886:
12880:
12879:
12877:
12875:
12856:
12847:
12846:
12844:
12842:
12831:
12820:
12819:
12817:
12815:
12793:
12782:
12781:
12779:
12777:
12761:
12755:
12754:
12752:
12750:
12745:on 29 April 2015
12744:
12738:. Archived from
12737:
12729:
12723:
12722:
12720:
12718:
12709:. Archived from
12699:
12693:
12692:
12690:
12688:
12683:on 29 April 2015
12682:
12676:. Archived from
12675:
12667:
12661:
12660:
12658:
12656:
12651:on 29 April 2015
12650:
12644:. Archived from
12643:
12635:
12629:
12628:
12626:
12624:
12607:
12601:
12588:
12582:
12581:
12579:
12577:
12572:on 29 April 2015
12571:
12565:. Archived from
12564:
12556:
12547:
12546:
12544:
12542:
12537:on 29 April 2015
12536:
12530:. Archived from
12529:
12521:
12515:
12514:
12512:
12510:
12504:
12498:. Archived from
12493:
12485:
12479:
12478:
12476:
12474:
12457:
12451:
12450:
12448:
12446:
12432:
12426:
12425:
12423:
12421:
12400:
12394:
12393:
12391:
12389:
12384:on 29 April 2015
12383:
12377:. Archived from
12376:
12368:
12362:
12361:
12359:
12357:
12352:on 29 April 2015
12351:
12345:. Archived from
12344:
12336:
12327:
12326:
12324:
12322:
12317:on 29 April 2015
12316:
12310:. Archived from
12309:
12301:
12290:
12289:
12276:
12270:
12269:
12267:
12265:
12254:
12248:
12247:
12245:
12243:
12222:
12216:
12215:
12213:
12211:
12195:
12188:
12182:
12181:
12179:
12177:
12154:
12148:
12147:
12145:
12143:
12138:. 24 August 2011
12128:
12122:
12121:
12119:
12117:
12111:
12104:
12095:
12089:
12088:
12086:
12084:
12061:
12055:
12054:
12052:
12050:
12029:
12023:
12022:
12020:
12018:
12004:
11998:
11997:
11995:
11993:
11988:. 4 January 2011
11978:
11969:
11968:
11966:
11964:
11947:
11941:
11928:
11919:
11918:
11901:
11895:
11894:
11892:
11890:
11874:
11868:
11862:
11856:
11843:
11837:
11836:
11830:
11822:
11816:
11815:
11813:
11811:
11806:on 29 April 2015
11805:
11799:. Archived from
11798:
11790:
11784:
11783:
11776:
11770:
11769:
11764:
11762:
11741:
11735:
11734:
11732:
11730:
11719:
11713:
11712:
11710:
11708:
11691:
11685:
11684:, p. 21-22.
11679:
11673:
11672:
11670:
11646:
11640:
11639:
11609:
11603:
11602:
11600:
11598:
11591:Voice of America
11581:
11575:
11569:
11563:
11562:
11542:
11536:
11535:
11533:
11531:
11517:
11511:
11510:
11498:
11492:
11491:
11471:
11465:
11464:
11459:
11457:
11436:
11430:
11429:
11421:
11415:
11414:
11407:
11401:
11400:
11398:
11396:
11381:
11375:
11374:
11372:
11370:
11356:
11350:
11349:
11347:
11345:
11330:
11324:
11319:
11313:
11312:
11299:
11293:
11292:
11278:
11272:
11271:
11250:
11244:
11243:
11225:
11219:
11218:
11197:
11191:
11190:
11188:
11186:
11180:Prometheus Books
11166:
11160:
11159:
11141:
11135:
11134:
11129:
11127:
11122:. 30 August 2004
11112:
11106:
11101:
11092:
11087:
11074:
11069:
11063:
11062:
11050:
11044:
11043:
11041:
11039:
11030:. Archived from
11024:
11018:
11017:
10997:
10991:
10990:
10982:
10976:
10975:
10957:
10951:
10950:
10938:
10932:
10931:
10888:
10882:
10881:
10876:
10868:
10862:
10861:
10838:
10832:
10831:
10826:
10818:
10812:
10811:
10790:
10784:
10783:
10777:
10769:
10763:
10762:
10755:
10749:
10748:
10737:
10731:
10730:
10709:
10703:
10702:
10692:
10686:
10685:
10667:
10661:
10660:
10642:
10636:
10635:
10624:
10618:
10617:
10610:
10601:
10600:
10568:
10559:
10556:
10550:
10549:
10547:
10545:
10522:
10513:
10507:
10506:
10488:
10482:
10481:
10479:
10477:
10463:
10457:
10456:
10454:
10452:
10438:
10432:
10431:
10424:
10418:
10417:
10410:
10404:
10403:
10401:
10393:
10387:
10386:
10384:
10382:
10377:
10359:
10350:
10344:
10343:
10341:
10339:
10324:
10318:
10317:
10306:
10297:
10296:
10294:
10287:
10279:
10270:
10269:
10258:
10252:
10251:
10238:
10232:
10231:
10229:
10227:
10220:Business Insider
10210:
10204:
10203:
10201:
10199:
10185:
10179:
10178:
10176:
10174:
10157:
10151:
10150:
10148:
10146:
10141:on 29 April 2015
10140:
10134:. Archived from
10133:
10125:
10119:
10108:
10102:
10101:
10099:
10097:
10092:on 29 April 2015
10091:
10085:. Archived from
10084:
10076:
10067:
10066:
10063:Business Insider
10055:
10049:
10048:
10046:
10040:. Archived from
10039:
10031:
10022:
10021:
10010:
10004:
10003:
9992:
9986:
9985:
9964:
9955:
9954:
9933:
9924:
9923:
9909:
9903:
9902:
9880:
9874:
9873:
9866:
9860:
9859:
9848:
9842:
9841:
9823:
9817:
9816:
9794:
9788:
9787:
9769:
9763:
9762:
9744:
9738:
9737:
9716:
9710:
9709:
9687:
9681:
9680:
9673:
9667:
9666:
9664:
9662:
9638:
9632:
9631:
9609:
9603:
9602:
9592:
9586:
9585:
9575:
9566:
9565:
9554:
9548:
9547:
9537:
9531:
9530:
9523:
9517:
9516:
9514:
9512:
9503:. Archived from
9493:. Bantam Books.
9484:
9478:
9477:
9470:
9459:
9458:
9456:
9454:
9447:Harvard Magazine
9437:
9431:
9430:
9419:
9413:
9412:
9401:
9395:
9394:
9376:
9370:
9369:
9346:
9337:
9336:
9325:
9314:
9313:
9307:
9299:
9293:
9292:
9271:
9265:
9264:
9253:
9247:
9246:
9225:
9219:
9218:
9196:
9190:
9189:
9183:
9181:
9166:
9160:
9159:
9141:
9135:
9123:. United States
9118:
9112:
9111:
9090:
9084:
9083:
9073:
9067:
9066:
9055:
9049:
9033:
9027:
9026:
9004:
8998:
8997:
8987:
8981:
8980:
8970:
8964:
8963:
8957:
8949:
8943:
8942:
8932:
8926:
8925:
8915:
8909:
8908:
8887:
8881:
8880:
8859:
8853:
8852:
8840:
8834:
8833:
8828:
8820:
8814:
8813:
8795:
8789:
8788:
8777:
8771:
8770:
8763:
8757:
8756:
8735:
8729:
8728:
8721:
8715:
8714:
8703:
8697:
8696:
8686:
8680:
8679:
8665:
8659:
8658:
8652:
8650:
8635:
8629:
8628:
8621:
8615:
8614:
8608:
8600:
8594:
8593:
8588:
8586:
8571:
8565:
8563:
8547:
8541:
8540:
8535:
8533:
8518:
8512:
8511:
8501:
8495:
8494:
8473:
8467:
8466:
8448:
8442:
8441:
8428:
8396:
8390:
8389:
8382:
8376:
8375:
8359:
8350:
8349:
8339:
8333:
8332:
8322:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8308:
8293:
8287:
8286:
8280:
8272:
8266:
8265:
8244:
8238:
8237:
8216:
8210:
8209:
8195:
8189:
8188:
8187:. 19 April 2016.
8177:
8171:
8170:
8149:
8143:
8142:
8121:
8115:
8114:
8104:
8098:
8097:
8079:
8073:
8072:
8067:
8065:
8050:
8044:
8043:
8033:
8027:
8026:
8015:
8009:
8008:
7986:
7980:
7979:
7957:
7951:
7950:
7928:
7922:
7921:
7911:
7905:
7904:
7894:
7885:
7884:
7864:
7858:
7857:
7835:
7829:
7828:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7779:
7773:
7772:
7751:
7745:
7744:
7723:
7717:
7716:
7706:
7700:
7699:
7688:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7670:
7650:
7619:
7616:
7610:
7609:
7591:
7582:
7581:
7560:
7551:
7550:
7527:
7518:
7517:
7496:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7461:The Muslim World
7458:
7449:
7443:
7442:
7421:
7410:
7409:
7398:
7392:
7378:2012 Survey Maps
7375:
7369:
7363:
7357:
7356:
7345:
7339:
7338:
7327:
7318:
7317:
7306:
7300:
7298:
7287:
7276:
7270:
7269:
7258:
7252:
7251:
7233:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7222:
7203:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7192:
7173:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7162:
7147:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7136:
7118:
7112:
7109:
7103:
7102:
7097:
7095:
7089:
7081:
7075:
7074:
7067:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7053:
7042:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7031:
7016:
7010:
7009:Froehle, pp. 4–5
7007:
7001:
7000:
6998:
6996:
6984:Fides, Agenzia.
6981:
6975:
6974:
6969:. Archived from
6963:
6957:
6956:
6936:
6930:
6929:
6924:
6922:
6903:
6897:
6896:
6875:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6842:
6836:
6835:
6825:
6817:
6811:
6810:
6798:
6792:
6791:
6780:
6774:
6762:
6756:
6755:
6733:
6727:
6726:
6715:
6709:
6708:
6701:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6690:
6677:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6666:
6647:
6641:
6640:
6629:
6618:
6617:
6612:
6610:
6595:
6589:
6588:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6564:
6558:
6557:
6546:
6540:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6524:
6516:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6505:
6496:. Archived from
6485:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6459:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6448:
6428:
6422:
6421:
6405:
6399:
6398:
6387:
6381:
6380:
6369:
6363:
6362:
6344:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6314:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6298:
6293:on 29 April 2015
6292:
6286:. Archived from
6285:
6277:
6271:
6258:
6252:
6251:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6204:
6195:
6184:
6171:
6170:
6150:
6141:
6129:
6123:
6122:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6068:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6035:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6021:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5970:on 29 April 2015
5969:
5963:. Archived from
5962:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5938:on 29 April 2015
5937:
5931:. Archived from
5930:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5906:on 29 April 2015
5905:
5899:. Archived from
5898:
5890:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5870:
5862:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5837:on 29 April 2015
5836:
5830:. Archived from
5829:
5821:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5805:on 29 April 2015
5804:
5798:. Archived from
5797:
5789:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5768:
5747:
5741:
5740:
5719:
5713:
5700:
5694:
5691:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5666:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5633:
5627:
5619:
5613:
5612:
5592:
5586:
5583:
5572:
5569:
5563:
5557:
5548:
5538:
5532:
5525:
5519:
5513:
5507:
5483:
5472:
5471:
5460:
5433:
5420:
5414:
5401:
5395:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5341:
5335:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5277:
5271:
5264:
5255:
5254:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5217:
5215:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5176:
5174:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5135:on 29 April 2015
5134:
5128:. Archived from
5127:
5119:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5054:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5025:
5019:
5006:
5000:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4956:
4950:. Archived from
4949:
4941:
4928:
4927:
4913:
4904:
4903:
4892:
4883:
4882:
4859:
4850:
4849:
4839:
4828:
4827:
4816:
4807:
4806:
4792:
4783:
4782:
4768:
4759:
4758:
4748:
4739:
4738:
4731:
4722:
4721:
4690:
4681:
4680:
4649:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4620:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4602:. Archived from
4601:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4560:. Archived from
4559:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4538:
4536:
4521:
4512:
4511:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4481:. Archived from
4480:
4472:
4466:
4453:
4440:
4430:
4421:
4415:
4390:
4383:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4364:
4282:(-9.5 million),
4155:Other religions
4096:
4092:
4057:
3118:
3114:
2868:core Anglosphere
2738:survey in 2012,
2364:John L. Esposito
2346:, and also with
2280:
2274:
2268:
2091:Robert D. Putnam
2044:(home to 35% of
1973:American Muslims
1917:convert to Islam
1702:, the number of
1353:Turks in Germany
1337:Iranian diaspora
1042:Geoffrey Blainey
840:Francis Fukuyama
777:Eastern Orthodox
760:Eastern European
472:
452:
446:
436:
426:
94:convert to Islam
39:desecularization
21:
18384:
18383:
18379:
18378:
18377:
18375:
18374:
18373:
18354:
18353:
18318:Wayback Machine
18307:
18302:
18229:
18227:
18220:
18167:
18135:
18103:
18071:
17997:
17995:
17979:
17933:
17908:, 9789004097964
17906:
17883:Hourani, Albert
17867:
17829:
17827:
17823:
17812:
17778:
17776:
17757:
17755:
17754:on 22 July 2012
17751:
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17712:
17710:
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17665:
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17655:WRD Methodology
17652:
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17593:Wayback Machine
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17278:. 25 July 2016.
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17048:
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17033:Puffer, Nancy.
17031:
17027:
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16979:
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16908:
16903:. 10 June 2020.
16895:
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16656:
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16629:
16625:
16619:Asian Americans
16586:
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16293:. 6 August 2012
16285:
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16217:. 6 August 2012
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15642:. statcan.gc.ca
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15597:Wayback Machine
15588:
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15541:on 30 July 2013
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15380:, pp. 578.
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15288:Iranian Baha'is
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15227:Dallaire, Roméo
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14971:
14967:, pp. 2–7.
14963:
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14896:
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14893:on 18 June 2021
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14841:on 23 June 2017
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14763:on 12 July 2019
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14737:on 12 June 2021
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14299:; Gitta Tulea.
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13804:
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13786:on 7 March 2021
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13448:on 14 July 2014
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13300:Financial Times
13288:
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13277:Wayback Machine
13261:
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13241:Wayback Machine
13220:Wayback Machine
13208:Wayback Machine
13196:family planning
13187:Wayback Machine
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12922:Wayback Machine
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12803:Foreign Affairs
12794:
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12758:
12748:
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12713:on 7 March 2018
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11753:. 14 May 2007.
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11448:. 14 May 2007.
11438:
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11428:. Maniben Kara.
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11391:. 21 April 2015
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11311:on 17 June 2006
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11034:on 4 March 2016
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10909:10.1355/SJ25-1C
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10018:The Independent
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9176:on 19 July 2021
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8675:. 12 May 2014.
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8581:on 19 July 2021
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8368:The Daily Beast
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8303:on 15 July 2021
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8060:on 15 July 2021
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7888:
7878:
7866:
7865:
7861:
7850:
7836:
7832:
7822:
7808:
7804:
7794:
7780:
7776:
7766:
7752:
7748:
7738:
7724:
7720:
7708:
7707:
7703:
7690:
7689:
7678:
7668:
7666:
7651:
7622:
7617:
7613:
7606:
7592:
7585:
7575:
7561:
7554:
7544:
7528:
7521:
7511:
7497:
7490:
7456:
7450:
7446:
7436:
7422:
7413:
7400:
7399:
7395:
7385:Wayback Machine
7376:
7372:
7364:
7360:
7347:
7346:
7342:
7337:. October 2013.
7329:
7328:
7321:
7308:
7307:
7303:
7296:
7285:
7277:
7273:
7259:
7255:
7234:
7230:
7220:
7218:
7204:
7200:
7190:
7188:
7174:
7170:
7160:
7158:
7156:GetReligion.org
7148:
7144:
7134:
7132:
7119:
7115:
7110:
7106:
7093:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7082:
7078:
7069:
7068:
7061:
7051:
7049:
7044:
7043:
7039:
7029:
7027:
7017:
7013:
7008:
7004:
6994:
6992:
6982:
6978:
6965:
6964:
6960:
6953:
6937:
6933:
6920:
6918:
6917:on 20 July 2021
6905:
6904:
6900:
6890:
6876:
6869:
6859:
6857:
6844:
6843:
6839:
6823:
6819:
6818:
6814:
6799:
6795:
6782:
6781:
6777:
6763:
6759:
6748:
6734:
6730:
6717:
6716:
6712:
6703:
6702:
6698:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6679:
6678:
6674:
6664:
6662:
6649:
6648:
6644:
6631:
6630:
6621:
6608:
6606:
6597:
6596:
6592:
6583:
6582:
6578:
6566:
6565:
6561:
6548:
6547:
6543:
6538:
6534:
6517:
6513:
6503:
6501:
6486:
6482:
6472:
6470:
6461:
6460:
6456:
6446:
6444:
6429:
6425:
6406:
6402:
6389:
6388:
6384:
6371:
6370:
6366:
6359:
6345:
6338:
6329:
6327:
6316:
6315:
6306:
6296:
6294:
6290:
6283:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6268:Wayback Machine
6259:
6255:
6248:
6232:
6228:
6221:
6205:
6198:
6185:
6174:
6167:
6151:
6144:
6130:
6126:
6114:
6113:
6109:
6097:
6096:
6092:
6085:
6069:
6058:
6048:
6046:
6036:
6029:
6019:
6017:
5987:
5983:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5951:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5928:
5924:
5923:
5919:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5896:
5892:
5891:
5887:
5879:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5850:
5840:
5838:
5834:
5827:
5823:
5822:
5818:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5779:
5766:
5764:
5759:. 14 May 2007.
5749:
5748:
5744:
5734:
5720:
5716:
5701:
5697:
5692:
5685:
5675:
5673:
5668:
5667:
5644:
5631:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5620:
5616:
5609:
5593:
5589:
5584:
5575:
5570:
5566:
5558:
5551:
5539:
5535:
5527:Adherents.com:
5526:
5522:
5514:
5510:
5495:Wayback Machine
5484:
5475:
5470:. 5 April 2017.
5462:
5461:
5436:
5421:
5417:
5402:
5398:
5383:
5379:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5358:
5342:
5338:
5330:
5326:
5316:
5314:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5290:
5288:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5265:
5258:
5247:
5231:
5227:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5190:
5186:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5152:
5148:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5095:
5085:
5083:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5056:
5055:
5048:
5038:
5036:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5016:Wayback Machine
5007:
5003:
4997:Wayback Machine
4988:
4984:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4954:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4931:
4915:
4914:
4907:
4894:
4893:
4886:
4876:
4860:
4853:
4841:
4840:
4831:
4818:
4817:
4810:
4794:
4793:
4786:
4770:
4769:
4762:
4750:
4749:
4742:
4733:
4732:
4725:
4715:
4691:
4684:
4674:
4650:
4643:
4633:
4631:
4622:
4621:
4614:
4606:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4564:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4534:
4532:
4531:. 23 April 2015
4523:
4522:
4515:
4497:
4493:
4485:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4463:Wayback Machine
4454:
4443:
4431:
4424:
4416:
4403:
4399:
4394:
4393:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4370:
4365:
4361:
4356:
4327:
4290:(2.4 million).
4274:(-24 million),
4270:(-28 million),
4234:(+24 million),
4230:(+26 million),
4141:Folk religions
4079:
4070:
4059:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3454:Ethnic religion
3101:
3088:
3086:Data collection
3083:
3074:Iraqi Kurdistan
2962:
2956:
2932:
2864:state of Punjab
2846:was founded by
2826:
2820:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2686:under-reporting
2626:
2620:
2614:
2575:fertility rates
2524:Jewish identity
2418:Praying at the
2409:
2403:
2372:Yale University
2324:Muslim invaders
2282:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2247:
2245:Spread of Islam
2241:
2081:Foreign Affairs
1921:who leave Islam
1865:
1860:
1854:
1806:established by
1756:
1627:
1611:
1347:in France, and
1341:Syrian diaspora
966:Catholic Church
668:Pulitzer Center
666:. According to
466:
457:
456:
455:
454:
450:
448:
444:
442:
434:
432:
424:
416:
410:
404:
396:Chinese culture
392:kinship systems
312:
161:Phap Hoa Temple
154:
148:
142:
137:
103:Some religions
98:who leave Islam
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
18382:
18372:
18371:
18366:
18352:
18351:
18342:
18337:
18325:
18306:
18305:External links
18303:
18301:
18300:
18294:
18286:
18271:
18254:Carolyn Chen,
18252:
18235:
18218:
18203:
18171:
18165:
18139:
18133:
18107:
18101:
18075:
18069:
18043:
18033:(2): 225–236.
18019:
18004:
17983:
17977:
17964:
17937:
17931:
17910:
17904:
17891:
17879:
17865:
17836:
17816:
17811:978-0415239028
17810:
17797:
17785:
17764:
17728:
17726:
17723:
17721:
17720:
17694:
17676:
17658:
17646:
17597:
17577:
17544:
17522:
17500:
17478:
17442:
17430:Projects21.org
17416:
17391:
17369:
17343:
17329:
17317:
17305:
17293:
17281:
17263:
17249:
17223:
17201:
17176:
17164:
17157:
17137:
17125:
17113:
17102:. 2 April 2015
17087:
17056:
17025:
17003:
16977:
16950:
16935:
16920:
16906:
16888:
16862:
16834:
16803:
16775:
16736:
16714:
16686:
16672:
16650:
16623:
16610:Sikh Coalition
16580:
16555:
16529:
16518:. 19 July 2012
16503:
16497:
16468:
16439:
16414:
16386:
16357:
16329:
16317:Sikh Coalition
16304:
16278:
16253:
16241:Sikh Coalition
16228:
16202:
16174:
16146:
16120:
16095:
16070:
16044:
16019:
15997:
15971:
15942:
15917:
15911:
15885:
15878:
15852:
15817:
15811:978-0521603676
15810:
15784:
15752:
15730:
15712:
15694:
15669:on 4 June 2020
15653:
15631:
15601:
15579:
15552:
15519:
15508:. 2 April 2015
15493:
15467:
15465:, p. 619.
15455:
15430:
15418:
15406:
15394:
15392:, p. 588.
15382:
15378:Stockman 2022b
15370:
15368:, p. 565.
15366:Stockman 2022a
15358:
15346:
15335:
15301:
15274:
15252:
15218:
15206:
15164:
15137:
15125:
15114:on 6 July 2011
15084:
15068:"Turkmenistan"
15055:
15038:Kolarz, Walter
15029:
15017:
14984:
14969:
14957:
14945:
14930:
14904:
14878:
14852:
14826:
14800:
14774:
14748:
14722:
14720:, p. 510.
14710:
14698:
14669:
14667:, p. 509.
14657:
14643:
14617:
14595:
14565:
14544:
14533:on 21 May 2012
14518:
14484:
14458:
14449:
14442:
14416:
14410:
14384:
14362:
14349:
14327:
14318:
14311:
14285:
14276:
14267:
14253:
14211:
14194:Jewish Journal
14178:
14161:
14145:
14127:
14120:
14100:
14091:
14075:
14053:
14034:
14027:
14006:
13992:
13982:
13973:
13966:
13946:
13939:
13916:
13907:
13886:
13868:
13859:
13845:McLeod, John,
13833:
13830:. 3 June 2022.
13815:
13797:
13767:
13741:
13732:
13706:
13678:
13654:
13625:
13606:
13579:
13573:978-0195079630
13572:
13554:
13525:
13491:
13462:
13432:
13404:
13386:
13339:
13313:
13282:
13255:
13234:Yoram Ettinger
13167:, 2008-09-20,
13146:, 2004-04-13,
13134:
13114:
13082:
13063:
13028:
13000:
12983:
12901:
12881:
12848:
12821:
12783:
12756:
12724:
12694:
12662:
12630:
12602:
12583:
12548:
12516:
12480:
12452:
12427:
12416:on 4 June 2016
12395:
12363:
12328:
12291:
12285:Foreign Policy
12271:
12249:
12238:on 3 June 2016
12217:
12183:
12149:
12123:
12090:
12056:
12024:
11999:
11970:
11942:
11920:
11910:Foreign Policy
11896:
11869:
11857:
11838:
11817:
11785:
11771:
11750:Foreign Policy
11736:
11714:
11686:
11674:
11641:
11634:
11604:
11576:
11564:
11557:
11537:
11512:
11493:
11487:978-9004242289
11486:
11466:
11445:Foreign Policy
11431:
11416:
11402:
11376:
11351:
11325:
11314:
11294:
11273:
11263:
11245:
11238:
11220:
11210:
11192:
11161:
11154:
11136:
11107:
11093:
11075:
11064:
11045:
11019:
11012:
10992:
10977:
10970:
10952:
10933:
10883:
10863:
10853:
10833:
10813:
10803:
10785:
10764:
10750:
10732:
10722:
10704:
10687:
10680:
10662:
10655:
10637:
10619:
10602:
10560:
10551:
10533:(4): 691–692.
10508:
10502:978-0195079630
10501:
10483:
10458:
10433:
10419:
10405:
10388:
10345:
10319:
10298:
10271:
10253:
10233:
10205:
10180:
10152:
10120:
10103:
10068:
10050:
10023:
10005:
10002:. 5 June 2016.
9987:
9977:
9956:
9946:
9925:
9904:
9893:
9875:
9861:
9843:
9836:
9818:
9807:
9789:
9782:
9764:
9757:
9739:
9729:
9711:
9700:
9682:
9668:
9633:
9626:
9604:
9587:
9567:
9549:
9532:
9518:
9499:
9479:
9460:
9432:
9429:. 19 May 2016.
9414:
9396:
9389:
9371:
9361:
9338:
9315:
9294:
9284:
9266:
9248:
9238:
9220:
9209:
9191:
9161:
9154:
9136:
9113:
9103:
9085:
9068:
9050:
9028:
9017:
8999:
8982:
8965:
8944:
8927:
8910:
8900:
8882:
8872:
8854:
8835:
8815:
8808:
8790:
8772:
8758:
8748:
8730:
8716:
8698:
8681:
8660:
8630:
8616:
8595:
8566:
8542:
8527:Wiener Zeitung
8513:
8496:
8486:
8468:
8461:
8443:
8391:
8377:
8351:
8334:
8317:
8288:
8267:
8257:
8239:
8229:
8211:
8190:
8172:
8162:
8144:
8134:
8116:
8099:
8092:
8074:
8045:
8028:
8010:
8003:
7981:
7974:
7952:
7945:
7923:
7906:
7886:
7876:
7859:
7848:
7830:
7820:
7802:
7792:
7774:
7764:
7746:
7736:
7718:
7701:
7676:
7620:
7611:
7605:978-0195079630
7604:
7583:
7573:
7552:
7542:
7519:
7509:
7488:
7444:
7434:
7411:
7393:
7370:
7358:
7340:
7319:
7301:
7294:
7271:
7253:
7228:
7198:
7168:
7142:
7113:
7104:
7076:
7059:
7037:
7011:
7002:
6976:
6958:
6951:
6931:
6898:
6888:
6867:
6837:
6812:
6793:
6775:
6757:
6746:
6728:
6710:
6696:
6672:
6642:
6619:
6590:
6576:
6559:
6541:
6532:
6511:
6480:
6454:
6423:
6400:
6382:
6364:
6357:
6336:
6304:
6272:
6253:
6246:
6226:
6219:
6196:
6172:
6165:
6159:. OUP Oxford.
6142:
6124:
6107:
6090:
6083:
6056:
6027:
5981:
5949:
5917:
5885:
5848:
5816:
5777:
5756:Foreign Policy
5742:
5732:
5714:
5695:
5683:
5642:
5614:
5607:
5587:
5573:
5564:
5549:
5545:Folk religions
5533:
5520:
5508:
5473:
5434:
5415:
5396:
5377:
5363:
5356:
5336:
5324:
5298:
5272:
5256:
5245:
5225:
5207:
5184:
5166:
5146:
5093:
5082:. 5 April 2017
5067:
5046:
5020:
5001:
4982:
4964:
4929:
4921:The Economists
4905:
4884:
4874:
4851:
4829:
4808:
4784:
4760:
4740:
4723:
4713:
4682:
4672:
4641:
4612:
4588:
4570:
4546:
4513:
4491:
4467:
4441:
4422:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4378:
4368:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4338:
4333:
4326:
4323:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4105:Switching out
4103:
4100:
4078:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3892:
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3886:
3883:
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3877:
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3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
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3125:
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3100:
3097:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
2997:state religion
2989:Persian Empire
2985:Zoroastrianism
2955:
2954:Zoroastrianism
2952:
2931:
2928:
2895:socio-economic
2893:Primarily for
2876:United Kingdom
2858:and Northwest
2819:
2816:
2801:Phil Zuckerman
2752:Czech Republic
2714:secularization
2693:
2690:
2616:Main article:
2613:
2610:
2536:Jews by Choice
2509:Jews in Israel
2502:fertility-rate
2490:Reform Judaism
2402:
2399:
2360:Philip Jenkins
2320:Ottoman Empire
2277:
2271:
2265:
2240:
2237:
2168:fertility rate
2144:fertility rate
2140:fertility rate
2019:David Ignatius
2014:Foreign Policy
1990:The mosque of
1864:
1861:
1856:Main article:
1853:
1850:
1755:
1752:
1740:fertility-rate
1731:Arab Christian
1708:Lebanese Druze
1643:fertility-rate
1626:
1623:
1610:
1607:
1515:Philip Jenkins
1441:evangelicalism
1437:evangelicalism
1291:Arab Americans
1268:United Kingdom
1031:Jews in Russia
947:Pentecostalism
920:Gavin W. Jones
812:Pentecostalism
769:Eastern Europe
752:Western Europe
736:Western Europe
726:(71% in 2018).
724:Western Europe
653:Pentecostalism
609:fertility rate
523:Pentecostalism
519:Evangelicalism
449:
443:
433:
423:
419:
418:
417:
406:Main article:
403:
400:
311:
308:
141:
138:
136:
133:
117:Zoroastrianism
70:Pentecostalism
63:fertility rate
46:in the world.
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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17511:. Kurdistan24
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16454:. 23 May 2022
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16237:"About Sikhs"
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15214:Affolter 2005
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15064:Momen, Moojan
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15006:. UMI 8022655
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10949:(4): 133–156.
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10334:. 12 May 2015
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8805:
8802:. Routledge.
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8787:. 6 May 2015.
8786:
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8749:9781317691716
8745:
8742:. Routledge.
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7207:Stark, Rodney
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5604:
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5580:
5578:
5568:
5562:, p. 31.
5561:
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5204:
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5180:interchanged.
5169:
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4452:
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4408:
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4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4296:death penalty
4291:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4276:Latin America
4273:
4269:
4268:North America
4265:
4261:
4257:
4256:North America
4253:
4249:
4245:
4242:(4 million).
4241:
4237:
4236:Latin America
4233:
4229:
4228:North America
4219:
4216:
4213:
4211:Christianity
4209:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4167:
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4160:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4111:
4102:Switching in
4097:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4074:
4068:Future change
4055:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4036:6,895,889,000
4034:
4029:
4026:6,145,008,995
4024:
4019:
4016:3,700,577,651
4014:
4009:
4006:1,758,412,000
4004:
3999:
3996:1,619,625,000
3994:
3991:
3990:
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3983:
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3800:
3797:
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3791:
3788:
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3779:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3769:Confucianists
3766:
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3479:
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3467:
3464:
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3451:
3450:
3446:
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3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3258:1,553,773,000
3257:
3254:
3252:1,291,279,826
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3213:2,260,440,000
3212:
3209:
3207:1,988,966,546
3206:
3203:
3201:1,229,308,840
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
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3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3078:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3030:
3029:North America
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2980:in the world.
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2944:The Statesman
2941:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2924:Western world
2919:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2890:(0.9% Sikh).
2889:
2885:
2881:
2880:United States
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2835:
2834:Golden Temple
2830:
2825:
2815:
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18208:
18193:(1): 63–91.
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18186:
18175:Smith, Peter
18151:
18119:
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18055:
18047:Smith, Peter
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18026:
18023:Smith, Peter
18015:the original
18009:
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17630:the original
17620:(3): 57–60.
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17372:
17362:16 September
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17355:
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17308:
17303:, p. 9.
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17242:25 September
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17235:
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17188:
17179:
17172:Houtsma 1936
17167:
17147:
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17128:
17121:Hourani 1947
17116:
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17099:
17090:
17080:25 September
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17072:
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16483:. 5 May 2021
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14965:Rabbani 1987
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14604:"Demography"
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11957:The Guardian
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11940:, 2005-07-13
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9174:the original
9164:
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9139:
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9108:
9094:
9088:
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8701:
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8673:The Guardian
8672:
8663:
8654:
8647:. Retrieved
8643:the original
8633:
8619:
8610:
8598:
8590:
8583:. Retrieved
8579:the original
8569:
8559:
8556:Balkanologie
8555:
8545:
8537:
8530:. Retrieved
8526:
8516:
8508:
8499:
8491:
8477:
8471:
8452:
8446:
8438:
8426:10138/306535
8408:
8404:
8394:
8380:
8371:
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8346:
8337:
8329:
8320:
8312:
8305:. Retrieved
8301:the original
8291:
8282:
8270:
8262:
8248:
8242:
8234:
8220:
8214:
8206:
8203:The Guardian
8202:
8193:
8184:
8175:
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8153:
8147:
8139:
8125:
8119:
8111:
8102:
8083:
8077:
8069:
8062:. Retrieved
8058:the original
8048:
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8013:
7994:
7984:
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7955:
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7727:
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7667:. Retrieved
7662:
7658:
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7578:
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7352:
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7313:
7304:
7281:
7274:
7266:
7256:
7241:
7231:
7219:. Retrieved
7214:
7201:
7189:. Retrieved
7181:
7171:
7159:. Retrieved
7155:
7145:
7133:. Retrieved
7126:
7116:
7107:
7099:
7092:. Retrieved
7079:
7050:. Retrieved
7040:
7028:. Retrieved
7024:
7014:
7005:
6993:. Retrieved
6989:
6979:
6971:the original
6961:
6941:
6934:
6926:
6919:. Retrieved
6915:the original
6910:
6901:
6893:
6879:
6858:. Retrieved
6854:the original
6840:
6830:
6827:
6815:
6806:
6796:
6788:the original
6778:
6770:The Guardian
6768:
6760:
6751:
6737:
6731:
6722:
6713:
6699:
6687:. Retrieved
6675:
6663:. Retrieved
6659:the original
6654:
6645:
6636:
6614:
6607:. Retrieved
6593:
6579:
6571:
6562:
6553:
6544:
6535:
6514:
6502:. Retrieved
6498:the original
6493:
6483:
6471:. Retrieved
6466:
6457:
6445:. Retrieved
6441:the original
6426:
6417:
6413:
6403:
6394:
6385:
6376:
6367:
6348:
6328:, retrieved
6321:
6295:. Retrieved
6288:the original
6275:
6256:
6236:
6229:
6209:
6187:
6155:
6136:
6127:
6119:
6110:
6102:
6093:
6073:
6049:24 September
6047:. Retrieved
6043:
6020:24 September
6018:. Retrieved
6001:(1): 20–28.
5998:
5994:
5984:
5972:. Retrieved
5965:the original
5952:
5940:. Retrieved
5933:the original
5920:
5908:. Retrieved
5901:the original
5888:
5877:the original
5839:. Retrieved
5832:the original
5819:
5807:. Retrieved
5800:the original
5772:
5765:. Retrieved
5754:
5745:
5737:
5723:
5717:
5698:
5674:. Retrieved
5637:
5630:. Retrieved
5617:
5597:
5590:
5567:
5536:
5523:
5511:
5486:
5467:
5418:
5399:
5380:
5366:
5346:
5339:
5327:
5315:. Retrieved
5310:
5301:
5289:. Retrieved
5284:
5275:
5267:
5250:
5235:
5228:
5219:
5212:. Retrieved
5197:
5187:
5178:
5171:. Retrieved
5156:
5149:
5137:. Retrieved
5130:the original
5084:. Retrieved
5079:
5070:
5061:
5037:. Retrieved
5035:. 7 May 2017
5032:
5023:
5004:
4985:
4976:
4967:
4958:
4952:the original
4924:
4920:
4899:
4879:
4864:
4846:
4823:
4803:
4799:
4779:
4775:
4755:
4718:
4695:
4677:
4654:
4632:. Retrieved
4604:the original
4591:
4582:
4573:
4562:the original
4549:
4540:
4533:. Retrieved
4508:
4504:
4494:
4483:the original
4470:
4381:
4371:
4362:
4308:
4292:
4288:Asia-Pacific
4264:Christianity
4252:Asia-Pacific
4225:
4220:–66,050,000
4122:+61,490,000
4080:
4071:
3949:Zoroastrians
3947:
3902:
3857:
3814:Baháʼí Faith
3812:
3767:
3722:
3677:
3632:
3587:
3544:New religion
3542:
3497:
3452:
3409:Chinese folk
3407:
3362:
3317:
3272:
3227:
3182:
3102:
3089:
3070:
3059:
3033:
2983:
2978:Zoroastrians
2943:
2939:
2933:
2920:
2903:Indian Sikhs
2892:
2842:
2809:
2797:
2782:
2773:
2733:
2707:
2692:Nonreligious
2683:
2675:Eastern Bloc
2671:
2667:
2663:
2652:, the first
2650:Lotus Temple
2612:Baháʼí Faith
2591:
2579:assimilation
2568:
2552:
2520:secular Jews
2517:
2506:
2476:
2437:
2420:Western Wall
2395:Hugh Kennedy
2383:
2380:Hugh Kennedy
2375:
2367:
2340:Islamic rule
2336:Zoroastrians
2332:Muslim Arabs
2288:Rodney Stark
2285:
2248:
2234:
2205:
2183:
2153:
2128:
2079:
2068:
2059:
2051:
2012:
2009:
1981:Pew Research
1969:
1953:
1913:
1901:
1866:
1834:
1819:
1812:
1765:
1716:
1704:Syrian Druze
1693:
1648:
1612:
1596:
1570:
1546:
1543:middle-class
1512:
1499:
1489:
1483:
1473:
1414:
1397:
1284:
1236:Saudi Arabia
1097:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1071:A church in
1039:
1009:
998:
975:
964:
940:
912:
884:
873:A church in
801:
733:
729:
720:Christianity
702:
689:World War II
642:
629:Christianity
587:
581:(65.2%) and
539:
535:global South
480:
420:
402:Christianity
385:
380:
376:
371:
359:
352:
336:
300:
284:
278:
263:
248:
217:
205:Saudi Arabia
193:
178:
102:
90:
82:
67:
48:
30:
29:
18244:The Baháʼís
18230:21 February
17992:Baháʼí News
17639:2 September
17435:27 February
16881:8 September
16855:24 November
16827:24 November
16796:24 November
16707:24 November
16643:2 September
16593:2020 census
16589:U.S. Census
15545:22 February
15463:Smith 2022b
14718:Smith 2022a
14688:21 December
14665:Smith 2022b
14636:14 February
14610:6 September
14527:"Australia"
14511:15 November
14377:6 September
14246:27 November
14238:: 273–364.
14204:14 February
13291:Simon Kuper
12957:22 December
12288:. May 2007.
12142:26 November
12116:19 February
12083:26 November
11917:. May 2007.
11761:11 February
11661:(5): 313–.
11456:11 February
11170:James Lewis
11126:8 September
10368:: 686–700.
9661:16 November
8612:background.
7467:: 111–124.
7408:. May 2021.
7368:. Sreda.org
7221:30 December
6911:mercatornet
6723:asiaone.com
6689:10 February
6504:14 February
6473:14 February
5767:11 February
5372:"Buddhists"
5317:5 September
5291:5 September
5214:12 November
5173:12 November
4634:27 December
4217:106,110,000
4206:–2,850,000
4164:+1,880,000
4150:+2,610,000
4136:+3,220,000
4108:Net change
3528:136,652,000
3522:141,022,510
3516:165,156,380
3483:242,516,000
3477:224,054,933
3471:169,417,360
3465:135,074,000
3459:117,312,635
3438:436,258,000
3432:431,243,766
3426:238,026,581
3420:390,504,000
3414:379,974,110
3393:494,881,000
3387:452,301,190
3381:234,956,867
3375:138,064,000
3369:126,946,371
3348:676,944,000
3342:656,409,731
3336:544,299,664
3303:948,575,000
3297:822,396,657
3291:462,981,539
3285:223,383,000
3279:202,976,290
3246:570,566,719
3240:221,749,000
3234:200,301,122
3195:611,810,000
3189:558,345,962
2993:Zarathustra
2916:New Zealand
2888:New Zealand
2854:in eastern
2793:New Zealand
2750:countries:
2498:Haredi Jews
2486:proselytism
2484:discourage
2342:in ancient
2296:Zoroastrian
2136:birth rates
2132:immigration
2099:Los Angeles
1937:Middle East
1685:proselytism
1603:persecution
1593:South Korea
1466:Map of the
1421:evangelical
1224:Netherlands
1100:Afghanistan
1054:Pentecostal
1050:Evangelical
1027:Protestants
895:South Korea
875:South Korea
864:South Korea
779:in Russia,
531:conversions
467: [
121:persecution
105:proselytise
18358:Categories
18283:0802865569
18268:0814717365
17725:References
17713:4 February
17558:abs.gov.au
17471:9 December
17218:Fezana.org
17194:27 January
17133:Boyce 2001
17106:27 January
16901:Worldatlas
16587:While the
16399:ProPublica
15990:26 October
15964:26 October
15624:19 October
15486:19 October
14953:Smith 2016
13078:Archive-It
12976:31 January
12598:Archive-It
12176:9 December
12038:Standpoint
11992:9 December
11682:Katju 2015
11395:26 January
11369:30 January
10544:27 January
10476:29 January
10471:www.bu.edu
10451:29 January
10446:www.bu.edu
10338:26 January
9653:(2): 1–9.
9511:5 February
8961:churches..
8284:thousand..
8185:The Tablet
7855:apostasy..
7669:30 October
7267:USNews.com
6995:8 February
5710:Archive-It
5430:Archive-It
5411:Archive-It
5392:Archive-It
5252:consumers.
5193:Kong, Lily
4626:(Report).
4387:irreligion
4214:40,060,000
4130:12,620,000
4119:35,590,000
4116:97,080,000
3708:17,064,000
3702:12,880,910
3696:13,901,778
3690:13,193,000
3684:11,725,410
3663:13,700,000
3657:12,544,478
3634:Spiritists
3618:23,927,000
3612:19,973,000
3606:10,668,200
3573:63,004,000
3567:62,942,743
3561:39,557,298
3184:Christians
3177:2000–2010
2848:Guru Nanak
2754:(76%) and
2710:irreligion
2702:See also:
2640:, Illinois
2385:Britannica
2362:. However
2352:Arab world
2149:conversion
2116:conversion
2089:professor
1925:conversion
1844:, such as
1838:Ghar Wapsi
1828:, and the
1664:-speaking
1508:psychology
1470:(Pew 2010)
1361:Chris Hann
1272:Uzbekistan
1256:Tajikistan
1208:Kyrgyzstan
1200:Kazakhstan
1128:Bangladesh
1124:Azerbaijan
824:conversion
748:Christians
672:Born again
657:Protestant
647:, popular
439:Protestant
412:See also:
150:See also:
74:Protestant
18157:Routledge
18125:Routledge
18093:Routledge
18061:Routledge
17998:19 August
17898:, BRILL,
17875:244697166
17849:Routledge
17830:16 August
17779:14 August
17626:1525-4003
17384:8 October
17356:France 24
17276:The Hindu
17049:2 January
17018:2 January
16970:2 January
16665:14 August
16595:. In the
15926:"Sikhism"
15673:28 August
15402:Park 2004
15201:245113244
15066:(1994a).
15050:254603830
15004:652914306
13902:bbc.co.uk
13790:6 January
13760:25 August
13306:12 August
12912:Pew Forum
12874:29 August
12841:29 August
12440:Firstpost
12171:0362-4331
12078:0362-4331
11655:Religions
11507:The Hindu
10925:144235936
8564:para.1-63
8435:208071018
7243:USA Today
7191:1 January
7161:1 January
7135:1 January
7025:USA Today
6990:fides.org
6860:15 August
6831:peranakan
6753:Buddhism.
6467:USA Today
6015:165905763
5676:11 August
5504:2192-9289
5423:Buddhists
5404:Buddhists
5385:Buddhists
5285:Buddhists
4397:Citations
4280:Caribbean
4203:6,210,000
4200:3,370,000
4197:Buddhism
4192:–310,000
4169:Hinduism
4161:1,160,000
4158:3,040,000
4147:2,850,000
4144:5,460,000
4133:9,400,000
4099:Religion
3933:2,761,000
3927:2,831,486
3921:4,175,000
3915:7,613,000
3909:6,720,000
3888:5,316,000
3882:4,792,953
3876:2,628,510
3870:1,446,000
3864:1,323,780
3843:7,306,000
3837:6,051,749
3831:2,657,336
3798:6,449,000
3792:7,995,470
3786:5,759,150
3753:8,429,000
3747:7,132,555
3741:1,734,000
3651:4,657,760
3600:3,232,000
3594:2,962,000
3555:6,865,000
3549:5,985,985
3364:Buddhists
3330:3,369,000
3324:3,028,450
3319:Agnostics
3174:1910–2010
3168:Adherents
3162:Adherents
3156:Adherents
3150:Adherents
3144:Adherents
3121:Religion
3066:Kurdistan
2940:U.S. data
2912:Australia
2884:Australia
2585:and some
2553:Rates of
2430:and some
2262:Caliphate
2251:conquests
2230:Caribbean
2034:Indonesia
2000:Indonesia
1784:Mauritius
1613:The 2001
1589:Singapore
1577:Indonesia
1535:Hong Kong
1363:from the
1345:Maghrebis
1311:Kurdistan
1240:Singapore
1116:Australia
1112:Argentina
1092:Indonesia
1073:Indonesia
1044:from the
928:East Java
900:Singapore
852:Indonesia
848:Singapore
820:fertility
660:Christian
555:Caribbean
270:Hong Kong
259:Singapore
220:Sri Lanka
173:Australia
59:Christian
35:religions
18314:Archived
18187:Religion
18181:(1989).
17960:24481234
17885:(1947),
17671:Archived
17589:Archived
17566:cite web
16996:16 April
16573:14 April
16548:14 April
16522:14 April
16487:28 March
16458:28 March
16429:28 March
16404:28 March
16376:28 March
16347:28 March
16297:18 March
16271:14 April
16246:14 April
16221:18 March
16195:14 April
16167:14 April
16088:18 March
15935:7 August
15683:cite web
15646:15 April
15593:Archived
15512:27 April
15448:18 March
15328:16 April
15294:28 March
15267:28 March
15245:28 March
15040:(1962).
14240:Archived
14222:(2015).
14198:Archived
14068:15 April
13725:16 April
13699:16 April
13617:Archived
13378:Archived
13348:(eds.).
13334:Prospect
13325:Archived
13273:Archived
13237:Archived
13230:figure 1
13216:Archived
13213:figure 2
13204:Archived
13183:Archived
13155:Archived
13126:Archived
13074:Archived
13014:BBC News
12918:Archived
12808:Archived
12594:Archived
12204:Archived
12136:HuffPost
11986:BBC News
11849:Archived
11755:Archived
11729:16 April
11707:16 April
11450:Archived
11172:(2002).
11120:BBC News
11038:17 March
10917:41308136
10381:13 March
10266:BBC News
10247:HuffPost
9707:Tunisia.
9655:Archived
9041:Archived
7381:Archived
7209:(1998).
6665:11 March
6527:Archived
6447:25 March
6264:Archived
5761:Archived
5712:Overview
5706:Archived
5491:Archived
5426:Archived
5407:Archived
5388:Archived
5039:23 April
5012:Archived
5009:Apostasy
4993:Archived
4459:Archived
4325:See also
4300:apostasy
4278:and the
4183:Judaism
4178:+10,000
3499:Atheists
3005:declined
2948:paganism
2856:Pakistan
2769:Americas
2748:European
2638:Wilmette
2587:Orthodox
2560:Diaspora
2540:gentiles
2478:Orthodox
2464:Orthodox
2460:Diaspora
2432:Orthodox
2300:Buddhist
2206:In 2010
2190:Salafism
2188:), that
2106:, 5% as
2038:Pakistan
1842:Hindutva
1767:Hinduism
1754:Hinduism
1666:esoteric
1654:Druzites
1389:Alawites
1381:Persians
1252:Tanzania
1216:Malaysia
1172:Abkhazia
1156:Ethiopia
1140:Bulgaria
1062:Islamism
856:Malaysia
797:Bulgaria
793:Slovakia
744:European
429:Catholic
366:Buddhism
320:Shennong
280:Kalmykia
251:Mongolia
236:Cambodia
232:Thailand
228:Mongolia
201:Pakistan
196:Buddhism
180:Buddhism
165:Adelaide
140:Buddhism
113:Hinduism
44:converts
18149:(ed.).
18117:(ed.).
18085:(ed.).
18053:(ed.).
17843:(ed.).
17708:loc.gov
17533:. Rudaw
17515:13 July
17458:Hamazor
17014:. PRLog
16768:4 April
16322:23 July
16063:8 April
16037:8 April
16012:8 April
15745:28 July
15147:"NIGER"
15118:21 July
15077:28 July
15010:24 July
14923:21 July
14897:21 July
14871:21 July
14845:21 July
14819:21 July
14793:21 July
14767:21 July
14741:21 July
14537:2 April
14477:2 April
14159:. 2013.
14153:"Jizya"
13021:1 April
12733:"p.182"
12671:"p.160"
12409:Tehelka
12264:1 April
12231:Reuters
11883:Reuters
11413:. 2004.
11344:5 April
10597:3711910
9900:stable.
9311:Britain
9262:Muslim.
9180:19 July
9063:FoxNews
8649:15 July
8585:19 July
8532:2 March
8411:(1–2).
8373:flocks.
8307:15 July
8064:15 July
7353:haaretz
7286:(Books)
6921:15 July
6609:4 March
5086:12 July
5033:indy100
4189:630,000
4186:320,000
4175:250,000
4172:260,000
3978:192,000
3972:186,492
3966:124,669
3954:108,590
3825:225,000
3819:204,535
3780:760,000
3774:840,000
3735:437,000
3729:375,000
3724:Daoists
3645:324,000
3639:268,540
3510:243,000
3504:226,220
3229:Muslims
3017:Gujarat
2999:of the
2844:Sikhism
2838:Sikhism
2818:Sikhism
2805:atheism
2756:Estonia
2744:atheist
2577:and to
2401:Judaism
2356:Dhimmis
2312:Dhimmis
2160:Eurabia
2004:Muslims
1905:Muslims
1873:Muslims
1869:Muslims
1804:Kolkata
1660:are an
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1319:Berbers
1260:Tunisia
1228:Nigeria
1220:Morocco
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1188:kashmir
1176:Germany
1168:Georgia
1160:Finland
1148:Denmark
1132:Belgium
1120:Austria
1108:Algeria
1104:Albania
943:Nigeria
789:Romania
781:Ukraine
765:Central
756:Central
691:, when
585:(59%).
577:(66%),
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224:Myanmar
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2974:Mumbai
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2872:Canada
2785:Canada
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10226:4 May
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7217:: 1–8
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3402:0.99
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16524:2023
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16460:2023
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