2011:
61:
752:
973:
177:
157:
592:
832:
137:
1519:
452:
392:
197:
812:
1688:
332:
97:
612:
2115:
792:
872:
1915:
852:
297:
732:
672:
652:
2711:
772:
412:
3934:
712:
532:
79:
572:
472:
372:
237:
1895:
552:
512:
1776:
692:
492:
117:
432:
1939:
632:
277:
217:
352:
257:
1249:
1141:
1649:, was bound together by the common constitution of 1867, stating that all subjects now would carry "uniform Austrian citizenship" and have the same fundamental rights. These non-Hungarian lands were not officially called the Austrian Empire. Until 1915, they were officially called "the Kingdoms and States Represented in the Imperial Council" and politicians used the technical term
2077:, from 1945 party president and vice-chancellor and from 1957 federal president of Austria, was visited by German friends who wanted to talk about post-war government, he spontaneously explained to his surprised visitors, "love for Germany has been put out in Austrians". When the allies declared that they would reestablish an independent Austrian state after their victory (the
1625:, acknowledging the Kingdom of Hungary as an independent state bound to the remaining part of the empire, as well independent, by a personal and real union, the Emperor of Austria being the Apostolic King of Hungary (with both titles on the same level). The Austrian half, a patchwork of crown-lands, broadly coterminous with the modern-day Austria, the
2384:). After 2007, the rate of naturalizations has decreased due to a stricter nationality law enacted by the Austrian legislature. During the 2000s, an average number of 27,127 foreign nationals per year was naturalized as Austrian citizens, compared to an average 67,688 children per year born with Austrian nationality.
1910:
saw the collapse of
Habsburg authority throughout an increasingly greater part of its empire. On October 16, 1918, emperor Karl I invited the nations of Austria to create national councils, with the aim to instigate a restructuring of the state under Habsburg rule. The nations followed the invitation
1925:
On
October 21, the German members of the Austrian parliament, elected in 1911, met in Vienna to found the Provisional National Assembly of German Austria ("Provisorische Nationalversammlung für Deutschösterreich"). On October 30, 1918, they installed the first German Austrian government, leaving the
1854:
The Austro-Hungarian Empire created ethnic conflict between the German
Austrians and the other ethnic groups of the empire. Many pan-German movements in the empire desired the reinforcement of an ethnic German identity and that the empire would collapse and allow for a quick annexation of Austria to
1987:, and also by a fear that the new state, stripped of its one-time imperial possessions, and surrounded by potentially hostile nation-states, would not be economically viable. An Austrian identity emerged to some degree during the First Republic, and although Austria was still considered part of the
1858:
While the high bureaucracy of
Austria and many Austrian army officers considered themselves "black-yellow" (the Habsburg colours), i.e. loyal to the dynasty, the term "German Austria" (Deutschösterreich) was a term used in the press to mean all the Austrian districts with an ethnic German majority
1783:
Political debate now centred on the nature of a possible future German state to replace the
Confederation, and part of that debate concerned the issue of whether or not the Austrian lands had a place in the German polity. When Emperor Franz Joseph I ordered to build a monument in Vienna in 1860 to
2142:
In contrast, the
Austrian political elite referred to their experiences in concentration camps and in prison, which had brought out a desire for the lost independence of the Austrian state. Kreissler (1993) writes: "It was not until after the (long dark) night of the Third Reich that Austrian
2084:
Though the Allied forces treated
Austria as a belligerent party in the war and maintained occupation of it after the Nazi capitulation, they accepted the Declaration of Independence which Austrian politicians had signed at Vienna's city hall on April 27, 1945, and they made the first national
1558:
The term
Austrian in these times was used for identifying subjects of the Domus Austriae, the House of Austria, as the dynasty was called in Europe, regardless of their ethnic ancestry. Although not formally a united state, the lands ruled by the Habsburgs would sometimes be known by the name
2174:
Unlike earlier in the 20th century, in 1987 only 6% of
Austrians identified themselves as "Germans". Today over 90% of the Austrians see themselves as an independent nation. The logic of the existence of an independent Austrian state is no longer questioned as it was in the inter-war period.
2183:
to exist. It is said that Celtic
Austria became culturally Romanized under Roman rule and later culturally Germanized after Germanic invasions. Contemporary Austrians express pride in having Celtic heritage and Austria possesses one of the largest collections of Celtic artifacts in Europe.
1935:", reflecting the republic being the German part of the old Austria and showing the popular desire to unite with the new German republic. On November 12, 1918, the provisional national assembly voted for the republic and for unification with Germany with a large majority.
1930:
and social democrats favoured the republic, the Christian Socialists wanted to keep the monarchy.) This government in the first days of November took over the duties of the last imperial-royal government in a peaceful way. Initially the new state adopted the name
2890:
1974:'s wish to unite with Switzerland was also ignored. On October 21, 1919, the state changed its name accordingly. Many German Austrian communities were left scattered throughout the other new states, especially in Czechoslovakia, where more than 3 million
1978:
had not been allowed to become part of the new Austrian state, as well as in the southern part of Tyrol which now found itself part of Italy. In total, more than 3.5 million German-speaking Austrians were forced to remain outside the Austrian state.
3698:
The rate of naturalizations was at about 7,700 per year during the 1980s. It rose to 16,000 in 1997, 25,000 in 1999, peaking at 45,000 in 2003. Since 2004 the figure has shown a decreasing trend, falling back to a 1970s level (below 7,000) by
1563:(the imperial institutions of which were themselves controlled for much of their later existence by the Habsburgs). However, the second half of the 18th century saw an increasingly centralised state begin to develop under the reign of
2865:
1863:
and his followers agitated against the "multi-national" Austro-Hungarian Empire and advocated for German Austria to join the German Empire. Although many Austrians shared the same views, a lot of them still showed allegiance to the
2085:
elections possible in the autumn of that year. By the end of 1945, Austria, under the supervision of the Allied Council in Vienna, had a democratic parliament and government again, acknowledged by all four allied occupation zones.
974:
2390:
Consequently, an increasing portion of Austrians is not descended from the historical populations of Austria. While the term "ethnic Austrian" has mostly been reserved for the context of overseas emigration from Austria
2038:. In 1942 the name was changed to the "Alpen-und Donau-Reichsgaue" ("Alpine and Danubian Gaue"), thus eradicating any links with a special Austrian past. Some of the most prominent Nazis were native Austrians, including
1982:
The collapse of the empire caused an apparent struggle for some German Austrians between an "Austrian" and a "German" character. The idea of unifying Austria with Germany was motivated both by a sense of a common German
1554:
people as well. The common German identity of lands such as Carinthia, Styria, or Tyrol, and the ruling dynasty made it easier for these lands to accept the central government set up in Vienna in the mid-18th century.
1966:, and the post-war treaties imposed by the victorious Allies combined to see the newly established Austrian republic both with the boundaries it has today, and a largely homogeneous German-speaking population. In the
2269:. Thus, all websites, official announcements and most of the media are carried out in Austrian German. In terms of native language, it is generally not Austrian German that is used, but instead local dialects of the
2694:
has grown rapidly during the 1990s and 2000s, rising from 0.8% in 1971 to an estimated 6% in 2010, overtaking the traditional size of the Lutheran community in Austria. This rapid growth was due to the significant
2138:
took time to develop. In a 1956 survey, 46% of Austrians still considered themselves to be Germans. Another survey carried out in 1964 revealed that only 15% of Austrians still considered themselves to be Germans.
2579:
cuisines, from which both dishes and methods of food preparation have often been borrowed. Goulash is one example of this. Austrian cuisine is known primarily in the rest of the world for its pastries and sweets.
1970:, in September 1919 the union with Germany was prohibited, and the new republic's name "Deutschösterreich" was prohibited by the treaty; instead the term "Republic of Austria" was used. The westernmost province
2143:
identity was brought back to consciousness by resistance and exile". Austrians developed a self-image unambiguously separate from their German neighbour. It was based on cultural achievements of the past, the
1817:
resulted in military defeat of the Austrians in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and the collapse of the Confederation, both effectively ending any future Austrian influence on German political events.
1911:(the Czechs had founded their national council already before the invitation) but ignored the will of the emperor to keep them in a restructured Austrian state. Their goal was total independence.
2134:
between Austria and them was signed to end occupation and to regain Austrian sovereignty. Immediately after 1945 the majority of Austrians still saw themselves as Germans, as a broader Austrian
2869:
1847:(and were counted as such in the censuses). After Bismarck had excluded Austria from Germany, many Austrians faced a dilemma about their identity which prompted the Social Democratic Leader
2848:
1756:
unanimously dominated the confederation. The developing sense of a German nationality had been accelerated massively as a consequence of the political turmoil and wars that engulfed
1546:' cultural and political preponderance in multi-ethnic Hungary than Bohemia, on three sides surrounded by German neighbours, which underwent a period of intense German colonisation,
1709:(yellow) and other independent German states (grey). The red line marks the border of the German Confederation; both Prussia and Austria controlled lands outside the Confederation.
2970:
2433:, the capital city of Austria has long been an important center of musical innovation. Composers of the 18th and 19th centuries were drawn to the city by the patronage of the
1851:
to state that the dilemma was "the conflict between our Austrian and German character." The state as a whole tried to work out a sense of a distinctively Austrian identity.
3045:
1855:
Germany. Although it was precisely because of Bismarck's policies that Austria and the German Austrians were excluded from Germany, many Austrian pan-Germans idolized him.
2680:
has been on the rise since the 1980s. An estimated 66% of Austrians adhered to Roman Catholicism in 2009, compared to 78% in 1991 and 89% in 1961. There is a traditional
1803:
that identified Austrians on the basis of their predominantly Catholic religious identity as opposed to the predominantly Protestant religious identity of the Prussians.
3256:("Ich bin ein Deutscher Fürst") Walter Wiltschegg: Österreich, der "zweite deutsche Staat"?: der nationale Gedanke in der Ersten Republik, Stocker, 1992, p. 41 (German)
1229:" (the junior branch emerging from the dynastic split into Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs in 1521), but from the 18th century also "a native or inhabitant of Austria".
1500:
after 1278 and throughout the 14th and 15th centuries. The various populations of these territories were not unified under the single name of "Austrians" before the
2317:. The vast majority of Austrians are however able to speak Austrian Standard German in addition to their native dialect, as it is taught in all modern day schools.
1484:
The unification of the various territories of Austria outside of the March of Austria proper (i.e. parts of Bavaria, Swabia and Carinthia) was a gradual process of
2081:
of 1943) the only Austrians who heard them were those secretly listening to enemy broadcasts ("Feindsender"), which was a criminal offence and heavily prosecuted.
1768:. Although the years of peace after Napoleon's fall quickly saw German nationalism largely pushed out of the public political arena by reactionary absolutism, the
2007:
government accepted that Austria was a "German state" and believed Austrians were "better Germans", but strongly opposed the annexing of Austria to Nazi Germany.
1594:
the first Austrian emperor. For the first time the citizens of the various territories were now subjects of the one same state, while most of the German states,
2118:"Red-White-Red Book" which was published by the Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1946. The book describes the accepted version of the events during the
1752:) were members of the German Confederation since 1815 as they had been part of the Holy Roman Empire until 1806. Until 1848, Austria and its chancellor Prince
2245:
Austrians have historically spoken the German language. The sole official language at the federal level of Austria is German, and the standard used is called
3014:
1721:, especially in the two most powerful German states, Austria and Prussia. The question of how a unified Germany was to be formed was a matter of debate. The
2824:
4507:
1595:
2845:
1820:
When asked by Edward VII to abandon Austria-Hungary's alliance with Germany for co-operation with England, Franz Joseph replied "I am a German prince."
3922:
1843:
was diminished in the Habsburg territories, but as the term "Austrians" still was used supra-national, German-speaking Austrians considered themselves
1559:"Austria". In reality they remained a disparate range of semi-autonomous states, most of which were part of the complex network of states that was the
3558:
2481:
Complementing its status as a land of artists, Austria has always been a country of great poets, writers, and novelists. It was the home of novelists
3710:
2266:
1657:). The general public called them Austria, and in 1915, the non-parliamentary Cisleithanian government decreed to use this term officially, too.
2096:
members in Austria. The sign of the Austrian resistance was O5, where the 5 stands for E and OE is the abbreviation of Österreich with Ö as OE.
1792:
in 1809, it carried the dedication "To the persistent fighter for Germany's honour", to underline the Germanic mission of the House of Austria.
1806:
Habsburg influence over the German Confederation, which was strongest in the southern member states, was rivalled by the increasingly powerful
3247:
Spohn, Willfried (2005), "Austria: From Habsburg Empire to a Small Nation in Europe", Entangled identities: nations and Europe, Ashgate, p. 61
1449:
speaking majority population of Austria throughout their early modern and modern history remained characterized by their neighbourhood to the
3418:
Constructing and Deconstructing National Identity: Dramatic Discourse in Tom Murphy's The Patriot Game and Felix Mitterer's In Der Löwengrube
2990:
3053:
2163:
or "the Little Germany Solution". It proved favourable for Austrians not to be held guilty for World War II, genocide and war crimes, since
2092:
to the Nazi rule started with the Anschluss in 1938. Historians estimate that there were about 100,000 members of resistance facing 700,000
4116:
2164:
3287:
1868:
and hoped for Austria to remain an independent country. Although not as radical as Schönerer and his followers, populists such as
4373:
3900:
3488:
3915:
1955:
1086:
3891:
3790:
3735:
3530:
3142:
3091:
3067:
2399:
etc.), it can more recently also be used to distinguish the indigenous population from the naturalized immigrant population.
1353:
3739:
4461:
4348:
3751:
4328:
1617:
After Austria was excluded from Germany in 1866, the following year Austria joined Hungary as a dual empire known as the
1062:
4368:
3843:
3809:
1835:
and pointedly excluding any of the Austrian lands, let the state turn away from Germany and turn its gaze towards the
4757:
3908:
3686:
3671:
3474:
3452:
3426:
3351:
2369:. An estimated total of 350,000 ethnic Turks lived in Austria in 2010, accounting for 3% of the Austrian population.
2010:
1785:
1800:
3006:
2387:
Today, the largest group of foreign nationals are Germans. As of January 2018 - 186,891 Germans lived in Austria.
1729:), which was promoted by the Austrian Empire and its supporters. On the other hand, the "Lesser German solution" (
1725:
was to be solved by either unifying all German-speaking peoples under one state as the "Greater German solution" (
3334:(2008). "′Germans′ in the Habsburg Empire: Language, Imperial Ideology, National Identity, and Assimilation". In
1069:. After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918 at the end of World War I, Austria was reduced to a
4607:
4323:
4013:
3866:
3858:
3817:
2655:
2555:
Austrian cuisine, which is often incorrectly equated with Viennese cuisine, is derived from the cuisine of the
1583:
1795:
The idea of uniting all ethnic Germans into one nation-state began to be challenged in Austria by the rise of
4517:
4338:
2754:
1927:
1678:
1568:
1111:
3565:
1860:
4497:
4414:
4236:
4109:
2187:
Austria's multicultural history and geographical location has resulted in post-Soviet era immigration from
2109:
1733:) advocated only to unify the northern German states and exclude Austria; this proposal was favored by the
1534:, greatly increased their political prestige and power with the acquisition of the lands of the crowns of
4541:
4296:
2663:
1670:
1170:
999:
from the 17th or 18th century. Subsequently, during the 19th century, it referred to the citizens of the
4686:
4681:
4671:
4434:
4251:
3598:
3134:
2599:
2281:
and the Tiroler Außerfern) family. The Austro-Bavarian dialects are considered to belong either to the
1206:
corresponds to the eastern half of the core territory of Bavaria (the western half forming part of the
1074:
4399:
4358:
4318:
2784:
3695:
Births (Austrian nationality): 67694, 65741, 68474, 67861, 69902, 69023, 68662, 66864, 67348, 65312.
3035:
Except a brief period in the 16th century, when much of what is now eastern Austria turned Lutheran.
1872:
used anti-semitism and pan-Germanism as a form of populism to further their own political purposes.
4752:
4343:
4266:
4033:
2684:
minority, accounting for 4% of the population in 2009 (down from 6% in 1961). An estimated 17% are
2476:
2344:
2286:
1789:
1745:
1564:
967:
20:
3930:
2987:
1614:
in 1871, which was Prussian-dominated, without the inclusion of Austria and the German Austrians.
4641:
4631:
4598:
4578:
4568:
4424:
4404:
4353:
4286:
4256:
4102:
3938:
3883:
3343:
2724:
2643:
2556:
2438:
2282:
2156:
2126:
The end of World War II in 1945 saw the re-establishment of an independent Austria, although the
1967:
1899:
1889:
1090:
1066:
1995:
was encouraged by the anti-Nazi/anti-Socialist clerico-authoritarianist state ideology known as
4593:
4487:
4441:
4226:
4206:
4018:
3782:
3485:
2696:
2376:
has increased after 1995, since which dates Turks in Austria could retain their citizenship in
2348:
2127:
1389:
1054:
3081:
1621:. A further major change resulted from a reorganisation of the Austrian Empire in 1867 into a
4583:
4451:
4419:
4028:
4008:
3978:
3877:
3520:
3465:
3443:
3416:
3128:
2647:
2358:
2250:
2240:
2131:
2105:
1881:
1268:
3802:
3776:
60:
4588:
4573:
4527:
4446:
4409:
4333:
4306:
4216:
4079:
3998:
3973:
3968:
3953:
3879:
The Ambivalence of Identity: The Austrian Experience of Nation-Building in a Modern Society
2659:
2631:
2627:
2047:
2004:
1992:
1796:
1718:
1666:
1489:
1222:
1038:
996:
597:
1144:
The first document containing the word "Ostarrîchi"; the word is marked with a red circle.
8:
4661:
4603:
4553:
4512:
4456:
4387:
4194:
4083:
4053:
4038:
3983:
2769:
2635:
2607:
2589:
2530:
2470:
2254:
2089:
2043:
1943:
1824:
1769:
1603:
1501:
1470:
1368:
in the east. In the 8th century, the former territories of Raetia and Noricum fell under
1365:
1310:
1042:
2559:. In addition to native regional traditions it has been influenced above all by German,
4762:
4717:
4710:
4623:
4522:
4492:
4475:
4261:
4241:
4155:
4137:
4129:
4058:
4048:
4023:
3294:
2739:
2734:
2603:
2510:
2332:
2144:
2078:
2063:
2000:
1765:
1734:
1702:
1674:
1602:
and did not succeed in forming a homogenous empire. Following Prussia's victory in the
1535:
1493:
1442:
1426:
1369:
1238:
1187:
1046:
1033:
and viewed themselves as such. The Austrian lands (including Bohemia) were part of the
837:
2026:
governments in control of both Berlin and Vienna, the country was annexed to Germany (
1772:
established it as a significant political issue for a period of nearly hundred years.
1257:
4636:
4502:
4363:
4291:
4281:
4221:
4145:
4003:
3993:
3988:
3887:
3862:
3839:
3813:
3786:
3731:
3692:
Naturalizations: 24320, 31731, 36011, 44694, 41645, 34876, 25746, 14010, 10258, 7978.
3667:
3588:Österreicher fühlen sich heute als Nation - 1938 - derStandard.at › Wissenschaft
3526:
3470:
3448:
3422:
3347:
3293:(in German). Vienna: Austrian Federal Press Service. 2000. p. 24. Archived from
3138:
3087:
2764:
2744:
2729:
2611:
2560:
2506:
2482:
2446:
2396:
2392:
2328:
2321:
2294:
2180:
2171:, although some historians call this a "big lie" and have challenged this statement.
2135:
2034:
1984:
1865:
1814:
1761:
1607:
1575:
1560:
1527:
1513:
1497:
1474:
1434:
1253:
1226:
1207:
1175:
1123:
1034:
1000:
3768:
2825:"Bevölkerung 2018 nach detaillierter Staatsangehörigkeit, Geschlecht und Bundesland"
1168:, which first appears in 996. This, in turn, is probably a translation of the Latin
4726:
4691:
4676:
4666:
4646:
4613:
4563:
4211:
4184:
4063:
4043:
3963:
3637:
2779:
2774:
2691:
2623:
2550:
2518:
2514:
2419:
2408:
2381:
2366:
2362:
2324:
2274:
1975:
1919:
1836:
1531:
1430:
1415:
1333:
1318:
1183:
1149:
1015:
906:
4656:
4246:
4231:
3827:
3492:
3265:
Richard Bassett, For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619-1918, p. 40
2994:
2749:
2639:
2595:
2572:
2490:
2425:
2270:
2258:
2246:
2236:
2160:
2059:
1722:
1706:
1618:
1587:
1518:
1446:
1221:
entered the English language in the early 17th century, at the time referring to
1135:
1078:
1058:
1008:
955:
902:
897:
38:
2074:
1717:
into one nation-state gave way to a rapid rise of German nationalism within the
4731:
4429:
3335:
2716:
2667:
2619:
2615:
2576:
2568:
2454:
2442:
2373:
2354:
2290:
2192:
1951:
1932:
1757:
1738:
1691:
1654:
1626:
1599:
1419:
1385:
1349:
924:
397:
202:
1174:, which means "eastern borderland" (viz. delimiting the eastern border of the
4746:
4650:
4271:
3772:
3331:
3230:
2852:
2759:
2564:
2538:
2314:
2310:
2152:
2055:
1996:
1840:
1828:
1682:
1622:
1611:
1547:
1422:
just east of Vienna marks the ancient border between Francia and the Avars).
1203:
1195:
1115:
1050:
1023:
617:
102:
3626:
Kevin Duffy. Who Were the Celts? Barnes & Noble Publishing, 1996. P. 20.
2151:
legacy, and the separation of the two empires in the late 19th century. The
1164:
1154:
4199:
4162:
3835:
3664:
Migration and Citizenship: Legal Status, Rights and Political Participation
3163:
2803:
Citizens of Austria living there in 2018 according to official census data.
2651:
2522:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2211:. As with neighbouring Germany, there has also been heavy immigration from
2070:
2069:
During the war, Austrians' infatuation with Germany faded as Austrian-born
2051:
2039:
1779:
A map of the German Confederation in 1849 showing the 39 independent states
1650:
1397:
1276:
1265: The core Hallstatt territory (HaC, 800 BC) is shown in solid yellow,
1194:
under the Babenbergs became independent of Bavaria. What is today known as
1107:
1094:
1019:
1004:
3587:
2114:
1687:
3011:
France Diplomatie : Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères
2681:
2534:
2498:
2175:
Proponents who recognize Austrians as a nation claim that Austrians have
1907:
1869:
1462:
1179:
984:
942:
877:
817:
797:
337:
162:
3518:
1914:
1542:
in 1526. The Hungarian aristocracy was more successful at retaining the
3288:"Das politische System in Österreich (The Political System in Austria)"
3124:
2685:
2677:
2526:
2306:
2278:
2216:
1971:
1959:
1898:
Provinces claimed by German Austria, with the subsequent border of the
1848:
1811:
1753:
1543:
1478:
1450:
1381:
1357:
1341:
1297:
1158:
is a derivative of the proper name Austria, which is a latinization of
1070:
937:
857:
4276:
2179:
heritage, as Austria is the location of the first characteristically
2028:
1885:
1485:
1410:
1329:
1314:
1302:
1099:
1085:) in an attempt for union with Germany, but was forbidden due to the
302:
182:
1122:, resulting in Austrians developing their own separate and distinct
4189:
4172:
4094:
2434:
2200:
2188:
2148:
1894:
1749:
1630:
1579:
1466:
1345:
1337:
1306:
1288:
1248:
1126:. Today, the vast majority of Austrians do not identify as German.
929:
737:
677:
657:
4167:
4125:
3942:
3855:
The Anschluss Movement, 1918‒1919, and the Paris Peace Conference
2671:
2517:. Famous contemporary Austrian playwrights and novelists include
2458:
2450:
2220:
2204:
2196:
1963:
1938:
1844:
1832:
1807:
1775:
1714:
1646:
1638:
1539:
1458:
1438:
1401:
1377:
1284:
1211:
1049:
expelling the Austrian Empire from the Confederation. Thus, when
1030:
988:
980:
777:
717:
537:
457:
417:
122:
84:
3158:
2335:
are spoken and officially recognized by some states of Austria.
19:
For an analysis on the nationality or Austrian citizenship, see
4177:
3191:
2430:
2377:
2302:
2298:
2224:
2212:
2208:
1634:
1551:
1454:
1405:
1373:
1280:
1119:
1003:(1804–1867), and from 1867 until 1918 to the citizens of
637:
577:
557:
517:
477:
437:
377:
282:
242:
222:
142:
3804:
Hitler's Austria: Popular Sentiment in the Nazi Era, 1938-1945
3048:[Leaving church increased by eleven percent in 2012].
4150:
2289:
subgroups, with the latter encompassing the languages of the
2176:
2093:
1642:
1445:
to the east. As a consequence, the national character of the
1140:
757:
697:
497:
357:
262:
3539:
2122:(1938-1945) by the founders of the Second Austrian Republic.
1396:) during the 9th century was the boundary region separating
1384:. Pannonia until the end of the 8th century was part of the
3609:
3607:
2437:, and made Vienna the European capital of classical music.
2023:
1361:
1292:
2449:, among others, were associated with the city. During the
3638:"Turkey's ambassador to Austria prompts immigration spat"
3209:
3179:
1162:, the German name for Austria. This word is derived from
3604:
3107:
3105:
3103:
2099:
1225:
in the sense of "members of the Austrian branch of the
1118:
and the union with Germany have become associated with
3486:
Dokumentationsarchiev des österreichischen Widerstands
2699:
from Turkey and Yugoslavia during the 1990s to 2000s.
1488:
during the High and Late Middle Ages, at first in the
588:
3519:
Ruth Wodak; Rudolf de Cillia; Martin Reisigl (2009).
3502:
3500:
3384:
3360:
3312:
3100:
3079:
3007:"Relations bilatérales entre l'Autriche et la France"
2988:
Monash University ARROW Repository | People and Place
2626:
from the 16th century, and it determined the role of
1418:
as the chief settlement of the March of Austria (the
3730:, Volume 7: Europe, Marshall Cavendish Corporation,
3479:
3466:
The politics of the Nazi past in Germany and Austria
3372:
3046:"Kirchenaustritte gingen 2012 um elf Prozent zurück"
2706:
1859:
among the inhabitants. Austrian pan-Germans such as
828:
3599:
Austria. Library of Congress Country Studies, 2004.
2147:, geopolitical neutrality, language variation, the
2073:'s series of victories ended. When social democrat
1530:, who had ruled the territory of Austria since the
3801:
3778:Austrian historical memory & national identity
3497:
3396:
3268:
3083:Austria in World War II: An Anglo-American Dilemma
2253:, like English. Austrian German is defined by the
2642:to a significant extent, including works such as
2265:), published under the authority of the Austrian
1496:during the 12th to 13th centuries, and under the
4744:
3522:The discursive construction of national identity
3130:The Discursive Construction of National Identity
2891:Statistics Canada 2011 National Household Survey
1737:and its supporters. This debate became known as
388:
193:
3512:
3073:
2267:Federal Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture
1414:), but the city only rose to importance in the
608:
93:
3767:
3545:
3197:
3086:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. pp. 138–.
3038:
2866:"Zensusdatenbank - Ergebnisse des Zensus 2011"
1810:state. Political manoeuvering by the Prussian
1275:The territory of what is today Austria in the
4110:
3916:
3060:
868:
808:
788:
328:
153:
3832:Hitler's Vienna: A Dictator's Apprenticeship
3525:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 57–.
3052:(in German). January 8, 2013. Archived from
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2594:The majority of Austrians are traditionally
2130:remained in occupation until 1955, when the
1744:The lands later called Cisleithania (except
848:
59:
3559:"Die Entwicklung des Österreichbewußtseins"
3159:"Österreicher fühlen sich heute als Nation"
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
1660:
293:
173:
4117:
4103:
3923:
3909:
3066:WZ-Recherche 2016. Published in article: "
2602:has played a significant role both in the
1433:came to be the easternmost portion of the
1190:from AD 976. During the 12th century, the
1073:and adopted and briefly used the name the
728:
668:
648:
3117:
2301:and the former including the dialects of
1328:), these territories were settled by the
1029:Historically, Austrians were regarded as
768:
708:
528:
448:
408:
113:
75:
2896:
2113:
2014:Austrians greeting the Nazis during the
2009:
1937:
1913:
1893:
1774:
1686:
1517:
1408:had been settled since Celtic times (as
1271:of the late La Tène period are labelled.
1247:
1139:
966:
628:
568:
548:
508:
468:
428:
368:
273:
233:
213:
133:
3708:
3661:
3444:German-speaking exiles in Great Britain
3414:
2855:American Fact Finder (US Census Bureau)
1926:question "monarchy or republic" open. (
1425:After the defeat of the Magyars at the
1372:, and were divided into the duchies of
748:
688:
488:
348:
253:
4745:
3875:
3826:
3578:Development of the Austrian identity .
3506:
3390:
3366:
3330:
3318:
3185:
3111:
3080:Robert H. Keyserlingk (July 1, 1990).
2461:folk forms influenced Austrian music.
1507:
1087:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)
1014:originally referred to the historical
4098:
3904:
3799:
3711:"Foreign Nationals living in Austria"
3469:". Cambridge University Press. p.43.
3402:
3274:
3123:
2100:Republic of Austria (1955 to present)
1946:movement at the Stephansdom in Vienna
4124:
3280:
3229:
70:Regions with significant populations
3852:
3635:
3617:. Infobase Publishing, 2006. P. 42.
3415:Ryschka, Birgit (January 1, 2008).
3378:
3017:from the original on March 22, 2016
2155:was formed without Austria and the
2062:, as were 40% of the staff at Nazi
13:
4369:Western European broadleaf forests
3810:University of North Carolina Press
2893:(197,990 reported Austrian origin)
2365:, the largest immigrant group are
1882:Austria-Hungary § World War I
1653:(labelling the Hungarian lands as
14:
4774:
3754:, citing Austrian census figures.
2380:after naturalization in Austria (
2357:, Austria has had high levels of
2338:
1598:excluded, still cultivated their
1114:, both the political ideology of
1055:founded as a nation-state in 1871
995:was applied to the population of
3932:
3615:Encyclopedia of European Peoples
3070:". Wiener Zeitung, January 2016.
2709:
2634:. The music in the tradition of
2525:. Writers of philosophy include
2159:in the arrangement known as the
1243:
870:
850:
830:
810:
790:
770:
750:
730:
710:
690:
670:
650:
630:
610:
590:
570:
550:
530:
510:
490:
470:
450:
430:
410:
390:
370:
350:
330:
295:
275:
255:
235:
215:
195:
175:
155:
135:
115:
95:
77:
3761:
3745:
3721:
3702:
3680:
3655:
3629:
3620:
3613:Carl Waldman, Catherine Mason.
3592:
3581:
3551:
3457:
3435:
3408:
3324:
3259:
3250:
3241:
3223:
3203:
3151:
1522:Growth of the Habsburg Monarchy
1018:, corresponding roughly to the
4324:Alps conifer and mixed forests
3859:American Philosophical Society
3666:, Amsterdam University Press,
3029:
2999:
2981:
2884:
2858:
2839:
2817:
2797:
1788:, victor over Napoleon in the
1267:The territories of some major
318:Other countries (1,000–10,000)
1:
3235:Germany and Austria 1814-2000
2790:
2755:German nationalism in Austria
2464:
2249:since German is considered a
1875:
1695:
1679:German nationalism in Austria
1322:
1112:end of World War II in Europe
55:
2810:
2110:Foreign relations of Austria
1313:people probably akin to the
1007:. In the closest sense, the
7:
4297:Military history of Austria
4287:Allied-administered Austria
2702:
2583:
2263:Österreichisches Wörterbuch
2230:
1839:. Thereby the influence of
1827:and the establishment of a
1550:the leading classes of the
1075:Republic of German-Austria
10:
4779:
3752:islamineurope.blogspot.com
3546:Bischof & Pelinka 1997
3338:; Szabo, Franz J. (eds.).
3198:Bischof & Pelinka 1997
3135:Edinburgh University Press
2587:
2548:
2544:
2474:
2468:
2423:
2417:
2406:
2402:
2342:
2234:
2103:
1879:
1861:Georg Ritter von Schönerer
1664:
1511:
1429:in 955, the East March or
1236:
1232:
1133:
1083:Republik Deutschösterreich
1045:in 1866 which resulted in
18:
4704:
4622:
4549:
4540:
4483:
4474:
4395:
4386:
4314:
4305:
4136:
4072:
3949:
3800:Bukey, Evan Burr (2002).
3689:(years 2000–2009):
3636:BBC (November 10, 2010).
3431:– via Google Books.
2785:Austria-Germany relations
2361:since the 1970s. As with
2165:Austria was considered a
1958:, the dissolution of the
1764:and the rise to power of
1713:The idea of grouping all
1610:successfully unified the
1097:annexed Austria with the
918:
913:
896:
891:
867:
847:
827:
807:
787:
767:
747:
727:
707:
687:
667:
647:
627:
607:
587:
567:
547:
527:
507:
487:
467:
447:
427:
407:
387:
367:
347:
327:
323:
316:
312:
292:
272:
252:
232:
212:
192:
172:
152:
132:
112:
92:
74:
69:
54:
49:
36:
4758:Ethnic groups in Austria
4319:Administrative divisions
4267:Federal State of Austria
3662:Bauböck, Rainer (2006),
3601:Accessed 1 October 2006.
3340:The Germans and the East
2477:List of Austrian writers
2413:
2345:Austrian nationality law
2287:Southern Austro-Bavarian
1799:, especially within the
1790:Battle of Aspern-Essling
1661:19th-century nationalism
1565:Maria Theresa of Austria
1477:) to the south, and the
1441:to the north and on the
21:Austrian nationality law
4354:Pannonian mixed forests
4257:First Austrian Republic
3884:Purdue University Press
3853:Low, Alfred D. (1974).
3344:Purdue University Press
2993:April 15, 2005, at the
2725:Demographics of Austria
2644:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
2557:Austro-Hungarian Empire
2537:and the members of the
2439:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
2283:Central Austro-Bavarian
2157:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1999:from 1934 to 1938. The
1968:Treaty of Saint-Germain
1900:First Austrian Republic
1890:First Austrian Republic
1671:Austria–Prussia rivalry
1619:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1400:from the Avars and the
1129:
1091:First Austrian Republic
1067:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1061:. In 1867, Austria was
4227:Siege of Vienna (1529)
4207:Margraviate of Austria
3876:Thaler, Peter (2001).
3783:Transaction Publishers
3491:July 18, 2009, at the
2851:February 12, 2020, at
2697:immigration to Austria
2600:Catholicism in Austria
2349:Immigration to Austria
2262:
2123:
2019:
1947:
1922:
1903:
1801:Christian Social Party
1780:
1710:
1590:in 1804 and became as
1523:
1272:
1145:
1082:
959:
64:
42:
3728:World and Its Peoples
3568:on September 28, 2007
3441:Ian Wallace (1999). "
2648:Great Mass in C minor
2424:Further information:
2251:pluricentric language
2241:High German languages
2235:Further information:
2132:Austrian State Treaty
2117:
2106:Austria victim theory
2013:
1941:
1917:
1897:
1778:
1690:
1586:formally founded the
1521:
1512:Further information:
1356:groups (principality
1251:
1143:
1134:Further information:
1093:was founded in 1919.
968:[ˈøːstəraɪçɐ]
63:
4374:World Heritage Sites
4217:Archduchy of Austria
4080:Languages of Austria
3346:. pp. 171–172.
3056:on October 20, 2013.
2660:Ludwig van Beethoven
2161:Kleindeutsche Lösung
2048:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
2022:By March 1938, with
2005:Kurt von Schuschnigg
1950:The creation of the
1797:Austrian nationalism
1731:Kleindeutsche Lösung
1719:German Confederation
1667:Austrian nationalism
1490:Archduchy of Austria
1461:) to the north, the
1336:groups in the west (
1106:After the defeat of
1059:was not a part of it
1039:German Confederation
598:United Arab Emirates
4608:freedom of religion
4195:Ostrogothic Kingdom
4084:Religion in Austria
3463:David Art (2006). "
3188:, pp. 166–175.
2770:Studentenverbindung
2636:Viennese classicism
2608:politics of Austria
2590:Religion in Austria
2531:Ludwig Wittgenstein
2471:Austrian literature
2447:Johann Strauss, Jr.
2255:Austrian Dictionary
2090:Austrian resistance
2064:extermination camps
2044:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
1993:Austrian patriotism
1944:Austrian resistance
1928:German nationalists
1831:in 1871, headed by
1825:Franco-Prussian War
1770:Revolutions of 1848
1727:Großdeutsche Lösung
1604:Austro-Prussian war
1508:Early modern period
1502:early modern period
1471:Carinthian Slovenes
1295:kingdom, while the
1198:corresponds to the
1043:Austro-Prussian War
991:. The English term
33:
4518:Telecommunications
4262:Austrian Civil War
4242:Congress of Vienna
4237:March Constitution
4156:Kingdom of Noricum
3336:Ingrao, Charles W.
3068:Staat und Religion
2971:"Austrians abroad"
2740:Austrian Canadians
2735:Austrian Brazilian
2511:Rainer Maria Rilke
2397:Austrian Canadians
2393:Austrian Americans
2322:minority languages
2145:Moscow Declaration
2124:
2079:Moscow Declaration
2020:
2001:Engelbert Dollfuss
1948:
1923:
1904:
1781:
1766:Napoleon Bonaparte
1735:Kingdom of Prussia
1711:
1703:Kingdom of Prussia
1675:German nationalism
1524:
1494:House of Babenberg
1443:Kingdom of Hungary
1427:Battle of Lechfeld
1326: 6th century
1273:
1239:History of Austria
1188:House of Babenberg
1146:
838:Dominican Republic
65:
31:
4740:
4739:
4700:
4699:
4536:
4535:
4470:
4469:
4462:Political parties
4415:Foreign relations
4382:
4381:
4292:History of Vienna
4222:Habsburg monarchy
4146:Hallstatt culture
4092:
4091:
3893:978-1-55753-201-5
3792:978-1-56000-902-3
3736:978-0-7614-7894-2
3532:978-0-7486-3734-8
3447:". Rodopi. p.81.
3381:, pp. 14–16.
3300:on April 23, 2014
3237:. pp. 23–29.
3200:, pp. 32–63.
3144:978-0-7486-3734-8
3093:978-0-7735-0800-2
2975:Statistik Austria
2765:List of Austrians
2745:Austrian Mexicans
2730:Austrian American
2632:Thirty Years' War
2624:Catholic Monarchy
2612:House of Habsburg
2610:. It enabled the
2507:Franz Grillparzer
2483:Arthur Schnitzler
2136:national identity
1985:national identity
1956:South Slav states
1906:The last year of
1866:Habsburg monarchy
1815:Otto von Bismarck
1762:French Revolution
1608:Otto von Bismarck
1576:French Revolution
1561:Holy Roman Empire
1514:House of Habsburg
1498:House of Habsburg
1475:Burgenland Croats
1435:Holy Roman Empire
1380:and principality
1279:was divided into
1227:House of Habsburg
1200:Marcha Orientalis
1192:Marcha Orientalis
1176:Holy Roman Empire
1171:Marcha Orientalis
1124:national identity
1035:Holy Roman Empire
1022:in what is today
1001:Empire of Austria
949:
948:
887:
886:
16:People of Austria
4770:
4720:
4713:
4547:
4546:
4481:
4480:
4393:
4392:
4312:
4311:
4212:Duchy of Austria
4119:
4112:
4105:
4096:
4095:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3872:
3849:
3828:Hamann, Brigitte
3823:
3807:
3796:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3709:Staista (2018).
3706:
3700:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3618:
3611:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3564:. Archived from
3563:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3516:
3510:
3504:
3495:
3483:
3477:
3461:
3455:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3299:
3292:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3227:
3221:
3212:s.g. "Austrian,
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3167:. March 12, 2008
3155:
3149:
3148:
3137:. pp. 56–.
3121:
3115:
3109:
3098:
3097:
3077:
3071:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3003:
2997:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2967:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2868:. Archived from
2862:
2856:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2821:
2804:
2801:
2780:Austrian cuisine
2775:Austrian culture
2719:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2692:Islam in Austria
2666:(1807), down to
2628:Habsburg Austria
2551:Austrian cuisine
2519:Elfriede Jelinek
2515:Adalbert Stifter
2420:Music of Austria
2409:Austrian culture
2382:dual citizenship
1976:German Bohemians
1920:Kurt Schuschnigg
1837:Balkan Peninsula
1786:Archduke Charles
1700:
1697:
1578:and the rise of
1532:Late Middle Ages
1431:March of Austria
1416:High Middle Ages
1370:Carolingian rule
1327:
1324:
1319:Migration period
1309:were an ancient
1291:. Noricum was a
1264:
1252:Overview of the
1223:Habsburg Austria
1184:Duchy of Bavaria
1016:March of Austria
997:Habsburg Austria
978:
977:
976:
970:
965:
880:
876:
874:
873:
860:
856:
854:
853:
840:
836:
834:
833:
820:
816:
814:
813:
800:
796:
794:
793:
780:
776:
774:
773:
760:
756:
754:
753:
740:
736:
734:
733:
720:
716:
714:
713:
700:
696:
694:
693:
680:
676:
674:
673:
660:
656:
654:
653:
640:
636:
634:
633:
620:
616:
614:
613:
600:
596:
594:
593:
580:
576:
574:
573:
560:
556:
554:
553:
540:
536:
534:
533:
520:
516:
514:
513:
500:
496:
494:
493:
480:
476:
474:
473:
460:
456:
454:
453:
440:
436:
434:
433:
420:
416:
414:
413:
400:
396:
394:
393:
380:
376:
374:
373:
360:
356:
354:
353:
340:
336:
334:
333:
314:
313:
305:
301:
299:
298:
285:
281:
279:
278:
265:
261:
259:
258:
245:
241:
239:
238:
225:
221:
219:
218:
205:
201:
199:
198:
185:
181:
179:
178:
165:
161:
159:
158:
145:
141:
139:
138:
125:
121:
119:
118:
105:
101:
99:
98:
87:
83:
81:
80:
57:
50:Total population
34:
30:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4753:Austrian people
4743:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4696:
4687:Public holidays
4682:National anthem
4618:
4559:Austrian people
4532:
4466:
4378:
4301:
4247:Austria-Hungary
4232:Austrian Empire
4185:Germanic tribes
4132:
4123:
4093:
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3769:Bischof, Günter
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2664:Mass in C major
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2497:, and of poets
2491:Thomas Bernhard
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2426:Music of Vienna
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2351:
2343:Main articles:
2341:
2271:Austro-Bavarian
2247:Austrian German
2243:
2237:German language
2233:
2219:states such as
2169:of Nazi Germany
2112:
2102:
2060:Odilo Globocnik
1989:"German nation"
1902:outlined in red
1892:
1880:Main articles:
1878:
1723:German Question
1707:Austrian Empire
1698:
1685:
1665:Main articles:
1663:
1629:, and parts of
1588:Austrian Empire
1516:
1510:
1486:feudal politics
1447:Austro-Bavarian
1437:, bordering on
1325:
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1241:
1235:
1186:, ruled by the
1138:
1136:Name of Austria
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3773:Pelinka, Anton
3763:
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3580:
3550:
3548:, pp. 3–.
3538:
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3427:
3421:. Peter Lang.
3407:
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3383:
3371:
3369:, p. 238.
3359:
3352:
3332:Suppan, Arnold
3323:
3321:, p. 394.
3311:
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3249:
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3231:Allinson, Mark
3222:
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3050:derStandard.at
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2846:Results
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2717:Austria portal
2704:
2701:
2688:(as of 2005).
2668:Anton Bruckner
2588:Main article:
2585:
2582:
2549:Main article:
2546:
2543:
2469:Main article:
2466:
2463:
2443:Franz Schubert
2418:Main article:
2415:
2412:
2407:Main article:
2404:
2401:
2374:naturalization
2355:Central Europe
2340:
2339:Naturalization
2337:
2232:
2229:
2193:Czech Republic
2181:Celtic culture
2101:
2098:
1933:German Austria
1877:
1874:
1760:following the
1758:Central Europe
1739:German dualism
1701:) showing the
1692:Central Europe
1662:
1659:
1655:Transleithania
1627:Czech Republic
1600:Kleinstaaterei
1582:, the emperor
1509:
1506:
1404:. The site of
1386:Avar Khaganate
1261:
1245:
1242:
1237:Main article:
1234:
1231:
1217:The adjective
1131:
1128:
947:
946:
945:or other (24%)
925:Roman Catholic
916:
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894:
893:
889:
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865:
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861:
845:
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485:
484:
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465:
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445:
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398:Czech Republic
385:
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365:
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190:
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149:
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130:
129:
126:
110:
109:
106:
90:
89:
72:
71:
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58:8–8.5 million
52:
51:
47:
46:
37:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4764:
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4708:
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4680:
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4579:Ethnic groups
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4408:
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4389:
4385:
4375:
4372:
4370:
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4365:
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4360:
4357:
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4352:
4350:
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4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
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4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4272:Austrofascism
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
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4127:
4120:
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4113:
4108:
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4097:
4085:
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4078:
4075:
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4017:
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3997:
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3992:
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3987:
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3967:
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3939:Ethnic groups
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3921:
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3914:
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3907:
3906:
3903:
3895:
3889:
3885:
3881:
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3724:
3716:
3715:Statista News
3712:
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3694:
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3688:
3683:
3675:
3673:90-5356-888-3
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3515:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3482:
3476:
3475:0-521-85683-3
3472:
3468:
3467:
3460:
3454:
3453:90-420-0415-0
3450:
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3430:
3428:9783631581117
3424:
3420:
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3392:
3387:
3380:
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3363:
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3353:9781557534439
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2853:archive.today
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2796:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Pan-Germanism
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
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2700:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2658:(1750-1802),
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2539:Vienna circle
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
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2478:
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2460:
2456:
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2427:
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2398:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2353:Like most of
2350:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2315:Lower Austria
2312:
2311:Upper Austria
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
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2260:
2256:
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2248:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2153:German Empire
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2128:Allied Powers
2121:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2056:Otto Skorzeny
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1997:Austrofascism
1994:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:Czecho-Slovak
1945:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
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1856:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:pan-Germanism
1838:
1834:
1830:
1829:German Empire
1826:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1683:Pan-Germanism
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1623:dual monarchy
1620:
1615:
1613:
1612:German Empire
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1520:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1481:to the east.
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1320:
1317:. During the
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1269:Celtic tribes
1259:
1255:
1250:
1244:Early history
1240:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:Upper Austria
1201:
1197:
1196:Lower Austria
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1142:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:pan-Germanism
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1024:Lower Austria
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
975:
969:
961:
957:
953:
944:
939:
935:
931:
926:
921:
920:Historically:
917:
912:
908:
904:
899:
895:
890:
882:
879:
866:
862:
859:
846:
842:
839:
826:
822:
819:
806:
802:
799:
786:
782:
779:
766:
762:
759:
746:
742:
739:
726:
722:
719:
706:
702:
699:
686:
682:
679:
666:
662:
659:
646:
642:
639:
626:
622:
619:
618:Liechtenstein
606:
602:
599:
586:
582:
579:
566:
562:
559:
546:
542:
539:
526:
522:
519:
506:
502:
499:
486:
482:
479:
466:
462:
459:
446:
442:
439:
426:
422:
419:
406:
402:
399:
386:
382:
379:
366:
362:
359:
346:
342:
339:
326:
322:
315:
311:
307:
304:
291:
287:
284:
271:
267:
264:
251:
247:
244:
231:
227:
224:
211:
207:
204:
191:
187:
184:
171:
167:
164:
151:
147:
144:
131:
127:
124:
111:
107:
104:
103:United States
91:
86:
73:
68:
62:
53:
48:
44:
40:
35:
26:
22:
4642:Coat of arms
4632:Architecture
4599:Prostitution
4569:Demographics
4558:
4447:Legal system
4425:Human rights
4405:Constitution
4200:East Francia
3958:
3878:
3854:
3836:Tauris Parke
3831:
3803:
3777:
3762:Bibliography
3747:
3727:
3723:
3714:
3704:
3687:statistik.at
3682:
3663:
3657:
3647:November 10,
3645:. Retrieved
3641:
3631:
3622:
3614:
3594:
3583:
3570:. Retrieved
3566:the original
3553:
3541:
3521:
3514:
3481:
3464:
3459:
3442:
3437:
3417:
3410:
3405:, p. 8.
3398:
3386:
3374:
3362:
3339:
3326:
3314:
3302:. Retrieved
3295:the original
3282:
3277:, p. 6.
3270:
3261:
3252:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3205:
3193:
3181:
3169:. Retrieved
3164:Der Standard
3162:
3153:
3129:
3119:
3082:
3075:
3062:
3054:the original
3049:
3040:
3031:
3019:. Retrieved
3010:
3001:
2983:
2974:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2870:the original
2860:
2841:
2829:. Retrieved
2819:
2799:
2690:
2686:nonreligious
2676:
2652:Joseph Haydn
2593:
2554:
2523:Peter Handke
2503:Franz Werfel
2495:Robert Musil
2487:Stefan Zweig
2480:
2429:
2389:
2386:
2372:The rate of
2371:
2352:
2319:
2244:
2186:
2173:
2166:
2141:
2125:
2119:
2087:
2083:
2075:Adolf Schärf
2068:
2052:Franz Stangl
2040:Adolf Hitler
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
1988:
1981:
1949:
1942:Sign of the
1924:
1905:
1857:
1853:
1822:
1819:
1805:
1794:
1782:
1743:
1730:
1726:
1712:
1705:(blue), the
1651:Cisleithania
1616:
1591:
1573:
1567:and her son
1557:
1525:
1483:
1424:
1409:
1398:East Francia
1393:
1296:
1274:
1218:
1216:
1208:German state
1199:
1191:
1178:). It was a
1169:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1108:Nazi Germany
1105:
1098:
1095:Nazi Germany
1028:
1020:Vienna Basin
1010:
1005:Cisleithania
992:
960:Österreicher
951:
950:
933:
919:
160:
43:Österreicher
28:Ethnic group
25:
4594:Pornography
4584:Health care
4488:Agriculture
4442:LGBT rights
4435:enforcement
4019:Macedonians
3507:Thaler 2001
3391:Hamann 2010
3367:Hamann 2010
3319:Hamann 2010
3186:Thaler 2001
3125:Wodak, Ruth
3112:Thaler 2001
2827:(in German)
2606:and in the
2535:Karl Popper
2499:Georg Trakl
2359:immigration
2215:and former
1918:Chancellor
1908:World War I
1870:Karl Lueger
1699: 1820
1548:germanizing
1463:South Slavs
1420:March river
1305:stock. The
1180:margraviate
943:Irreligious
878:South Korea
818:Philippines
798:New Zealand
338:Netherlands
163:Switzerland
4747:Categories
4662:Literature
4457:Parliament
4420:Government
4339:Ecoregions
4029:Portuguese
4009:Hungarians
3979:Bulgarians
3969:Armenians
3868:0871691035
3819:0807853631
3403:Bukey 2002
3275:Bukey 2002
2791:References
2678:Secularism
2620:its empire
2527:Ernst Mach
2475:See also:
2465:Literature
2307:Burgenland
2279:Vorarlberg
2275:Allemannic
2104:See also:
1972:Vorarlberg
1960:real union
1876:World Wars
1849:Otto Bauer
1812:chancellor
1754:Metternich
1574:After the
1492:under the
1479:Hungarians
1451:West Slavs
1390:East March
1382:Carantania
1358:Carantania
1352:), and by
1342:Vorarlberg
1332:and other
1260:cultures:
1165:Ostarrîchi
1160:Österreich
1071:rump state
1057:, Austria
1041:until the
979:) are the
964:pronounced
923:primarily
858:Luxembourg
4763:Baiuvarii
4589:Languages
4574:Education
4528:Transport
4498:Companies
4410:Elections
4349:Mountains
4334:Districts
4307:Geography
4277:Anschluss
4163:Roman Era
3999:Filipinos
3974:Assyrians
3959:Austrians
3954:Albanians
3021:August 6,
2876:April 25,
2811:Citations
2561:Hungarian
2459:Hungarian
2435:Habsburgs
2333:Hungarian
2295:Carinthia
2120:Anschluss
2029:Anschluss
2018:in Vienna
2016:Anschluss
1991:by most,
1886:Anschluss
1606:in 1866,
1569:Joseph II
1411:Vindobona
1330:Bavarians
1315:Etruscans
1277:Roman era
1254:Hallstatt
1103:in 1938.
1100:Anschluss
1065:into the
993:Austrians
985:nationals
952:Austrians
938:Christian
934:Nowadays:
928:minority
907:Alemannic
892:Languages
303:Argentina
183:Australia
88:7,427,759
32:Austrians
4727:Category
4604:Religion
4554:Abortion
4513:Taxation
4452:Military
4388:Politics
4190:Rugiland
4173:Pannonia
4130:articles
4076:See also
4054:Slovenes
4039:Russians
3984:Chechens
3830:(2010).
3775:(1997).
3642:BBC News
3572:July 22,
3489:Archived
3379:Low 1974
3171:July 14,
3127:(2009).
3015:Archived
2991:Archived
2849:Archived
2831:June 14,
2703:See also
2682:Lutheran
2674:(1903).
2614:to rule
2596:Catholic
2584:Religion
2453:period,
2329:Croatian
2231:Language
2217:Yugoslav
2201:Slovakia
2189:Slovenia
2149:Habsburg
1808:Prussian
1750:Dalmatia
1631:Slovenia
1584:Franz II
1580:Napoleon
1528:Habsburg
1467:Slovenes
1346:Lombards
1338:Alemanni
1334:Germanic
1307:Raetians
1303:Illyrian
1301:were of
1298:Pannonii
1289:Pannonia
1219:Austrian
1202:, while
1155:Austrian
1110:and the
1063:reformed
1037:and the
981:citizens
930:Lutheran
914:Religion
738:Thailand
678:Colombia
658:Portugal
4711:Outline
4672:Museums
4647:Cuisine
4624:Culture
4542:Society
4523:Tourism
4493:Banking
4476:Economy
4282:Ostmark
4168:Noricum
4138:History
4126:Austria
4059:Syrians
4049:Slovaks
4024:Nepalis
3994:Czechs
3943:Austria
3304:July 9,
2672:Te Deum
2630:in the
2604:culture
2573:Italian
2545:Cuisine
2451:Baroque
2403:Culture
2363:Germany
2325:Slovene
2221:Croatia
2205:Romania
2197:Hungary
2035:Ostmark
1964:Hungary
1845:Germans
1833:Prussia
1746:Galicia
1715:Germans
1647:Croatia
1639:Ukraine
1596:Prussia
1592:Franz I
1544:Magyars
1540:Bohemia
1536:Hungary
1459:Slovaks
1439:Moravia
1402:Magyars
1394:Ostmark
1388:. The "
1378:Bavaria
1285:Noricum
1258:La Tène
1233:History
1212:Bavaria
1182:of the
1150:English
1051:Germany
1047:Prussia
1031:Germans
1011:Austria
989:Austria
778:Croatia
718:Denmark
538:Romania
458:Belgium
418:Hungary
308:10,500
148:197,990
128:345,620
123:Germany
108:684,184
85:Austria
4732:Portal
4637:Cinema
4508:Mining
4503:Energy
4364:States
4359:Rivers
4329:Cities
4178:Raetia
4128:
4034:Romani
4004:Greeks
3989:Croats
3890:
3865:
3842:
3816:
3789:
3740:p. 921
3734:
3677:p. 58.
3670:
3529:
3473:
3451:
3425:
3350:
3141:
3090:
2656:masses
2640:sacral
2577:Polish
2569:Jewish
2513:, and
2493:, and
2455:Slavic
2431:Vienna
2378:Turkey
2313:, and
2303:Vienna
2299:Styria
2297:, and
2259:German
2225:Serbia
2213:Turkey
2209:Poland
2207:, and
2191:, the
2177:Celtic
2167:victim
2071:Hitler
2058:, and
1888:, and
1681:, and
1645:, and
1635:Poland
1455:Czechs
1406:Vienna
1374:Swabia
1354:Slavic
1311:alpine
1293:Celtic
1281:Raetia
1263:
1120:Nazism
1089:. The
1079:German
956:German
898:German
883:1,000
875:
855:
835:
815:
795:
775:
755:
735:
715:
695:
675:
655:
638:Poland
635:
615:
595:
578:Serbia
575:
558:Norway
555:
535:
518:Mexico
515:
495:
478:Turkey
475:
455:
438:Sweden
435:
415:
395:
378:Turkey
375:
355:
335:
300:
288:12,500
283:Brazil
280:
268:13,000
260:
248:18,200
243:Israel
240:
228:20,000
223:France
220:
208:39,600
200:
188:45,530
180:
168:67,000
143:Canada
140:
120:
100:
82:
39:German
4718:Index
4692:Sport
4677:Music
4667:Media
4614:Women
4564:Crime
4344:Lakes
4151:Celts
4064:Turks
4044:Serbs
3964:Arabs
3699:2010.
3562:(PDF)
3298:(PDF)
3291:(PDF)
2622:as a
2616:Spain
2565:Czech
2414:Music
2367:Turks
2291:Tyrol
2094:NSDAP
2032:) as
1962:with
1643:Italy
1552:Czech
1366:Avars
1350:Tyrol
1152:word
1009:term
940:(68%)
863:1,000
843:1,100
823:1,400
803:1,500
783:1,500
763:1,500
758:China
743:1,600
723:1,600
703:1,600
698:Chile
683:1,700
663:1,700
643:2,500
623:2,500
603:3,000
583:3,000
563:3,100
543:3,200
523:3,200
503:3,200
498:Egypt
483:3,700
463:4,400
443:4,500
423:5,000
403:5,000
383:5,500
363:8,500
358:Italy
343:9,900
263:Spain
4657:Flag
4651:wine
4014:Jews
3888:ISBN
3863:ISBN
3840:ISBN
3814:ISBN
3787:ISBN
3732:ISBN
3668:ISBN
3649:2010
3574:2009
3527:ISBN
3471:ISBN
3449:ISBN
3423:ISBN
3348:ISBN
3306:2014
3216:and
3214:adj.
3173:2014
3139:ISBN
3088:ISBN
3023:2023
2878:2015
2833:2021
2618:and
2575:and
2521:and
2457:and
2445:and
2347:and
2331:and
2320:The
2277:(in
2273:and
2239:and
2223:and
2108:and
2088:The
2024:Nazi
1954:and
1823:The
1748:and
1538:and
1526:The
1364:and
1362:Huns
1287:and
1256:and
1148:The
1130:Name
1053:was
983:and
4430:Law
3941:in
3210:OED
2670:'s
2662:'s
2654:'s
2646:'s
2638:is
2285:or
1392:" (
1360:),
1348:in
1340:in
1214:).
1210:of
987:of
4749::
4082:,
3886:.
3882:.
3861:.
3857:.
3838:.
3834:.
3812:.
3808:.
3785:.
3781:.
3771:;
3738:,
3713:.
3640:.
3606:^
3499:^
3342:.
3233:.
3218:n.
3161:.
3133:.
3102:^
3013:.
3009:.
2973:.
2898:^
2650:,
2598:.
2571:,
2567:,
2563:,
2541:.
2533:,
2529:,
2509:,
2505:,
2501:,
2489:,
2485:,
2441:,
2395:,
2327:,
2309:,
2305:,
2293:,
2261::
2227:.
2203:,
2199:,
2195:,
2066:.
2054:,
2050:,
2046:,
2042:,
1884:,
1741:.
1696:c.
1677:,
1673:,
1669:,
1641:,
1637:,
1633:,
1571:.
1504:.
1473:,
1469:,
1457:,
1376:,
1344:,
1323:c.
1283:,
1081::
1026:.
962:,
958::
905:,
56:c.
41::
4653:)
4649:(
4610:)
4606:(
4118:e
4111:t
4104:v
3924:e
3917:t
3910:v
3896:.
3871:.
3848:.
3822:.
3795:.
3742:.
3717:.
3651:.
3576:.
3535:.
3509:.
3356:.
3308:.
3220:"
3175:.
3147:.
3096:.
3025:.
2977:.
2880:.
2835:.
2391:(
2257:(
2003:/
1931:"
1694:(
1465:(
1453:(
1321:(
1077:(
954:(
909:)
901:(
23:.
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