227:
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264:
353:
246:. The number of schools and university programs reimplementing or teaching French has greatly increased since the first decade of the 21st century. This is in large part due to government policies promoting the knowledge of more than one foreign language, with French and English as priority second languages.
234:
Official figures in 2019 estimate that about 675,000 Vietnamese are fluent in French, many of whom are older individuals educated during the colonial era. Its usage in everyday life has greatly declined since 1975, however, with the number of people using French on a regular basis being between 5,000
197:
Citing historic, sociopolitical, and cultural contexts, the
Vietnamese government has implemented projects to promote or reintegrate French into education systems as a foreign language, especially at the secondary and higher levels. Notably, many university programs in engineering, science, medicine,
119:
was developed among
Vietnamese servants in French households and those who spoke partial French. Nevertheless, at the French language's height in Vietnam between the 1900s and 1940s, many Vietnamese did not speak French well or learn the language and some revolutionaries refused to learn the colonial
193:
caused a further decline in the status of French in
Vietnam as English became seen as the language of international trade, commerce and diplomacy. Whilst English has displaced French as the most studied first foreign language, since the 2000s, French language education has been on the rise. By 2022,
110:
languages; and eventually the Latin alphabet became the official script of the
Vietnamese language. The building of missionary and government schools spread the French language among educated Vietnamese and it soon became the language of the elite classes by the end of the nineteenth century. By the
249:
French also continues to be regarded as a cultural language in
Vietnam, with its usage associated with the elite society and links to family tradition and national history, while English and other foreign languages are regarded as commercial vernaculars used with foreigners. The language also
131:
The influence of the French language in
Vietnam slowly began to decline after World War II as revolutionary movements increased and their works began to be written more in Vietnamese. Poorer and generally, more rural populations began to resist French rule and guerrilla forces, the
66:(OIF). Since the 1990s, the Vietnamese government in cooperation with the French government, has promoted French-language education in the country's schooling system, acknowledging the cultural and historic value of the French language. The language also continues to be used as a
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164:
The number of students receiving their education in French in
Vietnam declined to about 40% by the 1980s and continued to decline well into the 1990s. Additionally, many French-speakers who were anti-communist fled Vietnam and immigrated to nations such as the
324:
Vietnamese French is based on standard French, but contains words that have been influenced not only by
Vietnamese but also by Chinese and English, the latter due to U.S. presence in the south during the Vietnam War. Additionally, the pronoun
1035:
Despite the decline of French in the late 1970s to early 2000s, Vietnam continues to have a French-media market and presence. A small number of French-language newspapers used to circulate in the country, most dominantly the now extinct
1238:
156:
erupting shortly afterwards, French continued a healthy presence in South
Vietnam, where it was an administrative and educational language. The sharpest decline of the French language in Vietnam was after the
214:, Canada, and the other Francophone Asian countries of Laos and Cambodia. Vietnam has also become a destination for students from other parts of Asia to come and study French. The nation remains a member of
384:
traditionally used by the former royal court. It became heavily promoted by the French colonial government, which got rid of
Chinese influence on the Vietnamese education system by imposing a
1445:
161:
in 1975 as the communist government imposed Vietnamese as the sole official and educational language on the entire nation, including the south, which was in a transitional phase until 1976.
210:
use the language as either the main medium of instruction or alongside Vietnamese. Teacher training programs to enhance the quality of French instruction have been agreed upon with France,
1557:
376:. The majority of words having French origin are those relating to objects, food and technology introduced to the Vietnamese during the colonial era. Additionally, the
1438:
1277:
1517:
1431:
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1054:. News broadcasts as well as television programs in French are shown on Vietnamese television channels daily. Radio broadcasts in French are also present.
1550:
144:
in 1954, the Viet Minh defeated the French and Vietnam gained its independence, though the nation was soon divided into a communist, Soviet-orientated
152:. Fearing persecution by the communist government, hundreds of thousands fled to the south, including French-educated and speaking elite. Despite the
2178:
62:
1543:
1454:
1403:
Vu Ngu Chieu (February 1986). "The Other Side of the 1945 Vietnamese Revolution: The Empire of Viet-Nam". Journal of Asian Studies. 45 (2).
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17:
111:
early twentieth century, the French language began spreading to the urban masses and became the primary language of education. A French
140:. The French language however, continued its presence in government, education and media in areas not held by the Viet Minh. At the
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The French language's presence in Vietnam began in the 18th century when French explorers and merchants began sailing near the
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Despite these minor differences, the form of French taught at Vietnamese schools and colleges is that of standard French.
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in 1975, French has declined in modern Vietnam: in 2018, slightly under 1% of the population was fluent in French.
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language, though ironically speeches and papers written to promote independence were written in French. During
82:
coast. When the French replaced the Portuguese as the primary European power in Southeast Asia in the 1790s by
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1784:
2002:
1507:
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1955:
1709:
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can be used not only to address elders but also to adults of the same age unlike Standard French, where
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189:. As of 2000, only about 5% of students received their education in French. Meanwhile, the rise of the
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it had become the primary foreign language course at schools in over half of the country's provinces.
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1996:
2217:
274:
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briefly occupied Vietnam and established Vietnamese as the sole official and educational language.
42:
1413:
1357:
Vietnam: la langue française a-t-Elle encore a place face à l'influence grandissante de l'anglais?
238:
French retains a strong influence on Vietnamese education and society despite the rise of English
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continues to be used as a working language in the medical, scientific, and diplomatic fields.
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1960:
1867:
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Below are some notable words that have made their way into standard Vietnamese from French:
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1950:
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and law remain taught in French and an increasing number of schools in urban areas such as
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8:
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90:, they introduced the French language to locals. French became the governing language of
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Discours du Premier ministre devant la communauté Française au Viêtnam (in French)
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218:. Furthermore, French has somewhat of a diplomatic language position in Vietnam.
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30:
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1990:
1980:
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Appui et valorisation de l’enseignement du français dans le système vietnamien
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The Vietnamese language contains a significant number of French loanwords and
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1975:
1802:
1736:
1716:
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166:
149:
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50:
46:
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1341:
The Routledge International Handbook of Language Education Policy in Asia.
60:
Vietnam is the largest Francophone country in Asia and is a member of the
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1890:
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1900:
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1919:
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102:. Many Vietnamese began learning French, which replaced the native
99:
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211:
182:
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2013:
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came to be written in a Latin-based script instead of
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148:, and a capitalist, US-orientated government in the
1213:
Language Education and Foreign Relations in Vietnam
1050:operates a French edition of its online newspaper
230:Bakery featuring French language signage in Hanoi.
84:helping to unify Vietnam under the Nguyen Dynasty
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1262:Promouvoir l’enseignement du français au Vietnam
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1379:. University of California Press. p. 145.
41:from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries. After
63:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
1551:
1439:
1372:
1155:History of Vietnam and its French connection.
341:is used among adult friends of the same age.
1455:Geographical distribution of French speakers
1339:Kirkpatrick, Andy and Anthony J. Liddicoat,
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2179:varieties with more than 5 million speakers
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292:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1414:Official website of Le Courrier du Vietnam
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253:
70:language in certain professional sectors.
1308:Vietnam promotes French language training
1251:
1237:, France-Diplomatie, 2005, archived from
1040:and the only remaining state-owned paper
312:Learn how and when to remove this message
1376:Vietnamese Tradition on Trial, 1920–1945
1290:SEA countries popularize French language
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27:Status of the French language in Vietnam
1110:
14:
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1328:Parle-t-on encore français au Vietnam?
360:sign features a loanword from French (
331:used as the formal and plural form of
94:, which included present-day Vietnam,
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1427:
290:adding citations to reliable sources
257:
136:attacked the French and sparked the
1419:Official website of La Francophonie
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242:facilitated by American-influenced
24:
2183:Languages between parentheses are
49:, and maintained a high status in
25:
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1407:
221:
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262:
1366:
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1333:
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2187:of the language on their left.
1363:(in French), 22 November 2016.
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1116:
1046:. Additionally, the state-run
13:
1:
45:, French fell into disuse in
1105:Tonkin (French protectorate)
7:
1361:Radio France Internationale
1268:, 7 March 2022. (in French)
1141:Ambassade de France à Hanoï
1100:Annam (French protectorate)
1085:French language in Cambodia
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88:colonizing Southern Vietnam
18:Vietnamese French (dialect)
10:
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1143:, 29 Oct 2018. (in French)
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2223:France–Vietnam relations
1311:, Voice of Vietnam, 2011
1185:"La Guerre En Indochine"
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368:meaning railway station)
2208:French language in Asia
1567:Gallo-Romance languages
1234:La Francophonie in Asia
1158:, learn-french-help.com
1080:French language in Laos
599:hood/bonnet (of a car)
348:Influence on Vietnamese
254:Dialect characteristics
142:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
1373:David G. Marr (1984).
1330:ONFR+, 9 January 2020.
1266:Le Courrier du Vietnam
1043:Le Courrier du Vietnam
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2072:Poitevin-Saintongeais
2003:Labrador Inuit Pidgin
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2213:Languages of Vietnam
1278:Education in Vietnam
1111:Notes and references
826:savoury puff pastry
286:improve this section
39:French colonial rule
1630:Bourbonnais Creoles
1048:Vietnam News Agency
779:madam, ma'am, Mrs.
656:schoolbag, satchel
479:billiards, Snooker
386:French-based system
378:Vietnamese alphabet
177:(most particularly
138:First Indochina War
1296:, 11 January 2012.
1095:French Cochinchina
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240:language education
232:
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2172:extinct languages
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108:Classical Chinese
37:of Vietnam under
35:official language
16:(Redirected from
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2137:/Faetar-Cigliàje
2026:Louisiana French
2021:Louisiana Creole
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51:South Vietnam
48:
47:North Vietnam
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
2167:
2112:
2093:
2082:Saintongeais
2059:
2047:
2035:
2001:
1966:Camfranglais
1912:
1905:
1878:
1868:Anglo-Norman
1866:
1848:
1829:Newfoundland
1814:Metropolitan
1801:
1791:Jersey Legal
1789:
1780:Houma French
1620:Saint Lucian
1575:Areal groups
1569:and dialects
1524:
1390:. Retrieved
1375:
1368:
1352:
1340:
1335:
1323:
1313:, retrieved
1307:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1280:, World Bank
1273:
1265:
1243:, retrieved
1239:the original
1233:
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1207:
1196:. Retrieved
1194:. 1950-10-26
1191:
1179:
1170:
1160:, retrieved
1154:
1148:
1140:
1118:
1051:
1041:
1037:
1034:
958:screwdriver
864:phẹc-mơ-tuya
702:(bánh) ga tô
390:
371:
365:
361:
343:
332:
323:
308:
299:
284:Please help
272:
248:
237:
233:
196:
163:
130:
122:World War II
77:
61:
59:
53:. Since the
29:
2174:or dialects
2061:Petit nègre
1951:Bourbonnais
1896:Guernésiais
1891:Cotentinais
1770:Frenchville
1732:New England
1663:Seychellois
1513:New England
1052:VietnamPlus
952:tuốc-nơ-vít
397:Vietnamese
235:to 6,000.
154:Vietnam War
2202:Categories
2049:Old French
1971:Champenois
1956:Burgundian
1920:Sercquiais
1914:Old Norman
1907:Law French
1849:Vietnamese
1809:Meridional
1643:Chagossian
1392:2010-11-28
1315:2012-07-21
1245:2010-10-14
1198:2007-05-20
1162:2010-10-29
1038:Saigon Eco
947:chocolate
914:underwear
897:(áo) sơ mi
842:(đèn) pha
823:(obsolete)
821:pâté chaud
812:motor bus
613:caoutchouc
374:placenames
104:Vietnamese
86:and later
2185:varieties
2170:indicate
2152:Valdôtain
2143:/Arpitan
2114:Zarphatic
2055:Orléanais
1941:Berrichon
1880:Auregnais
1755:Cambodian
1737:Québécois
1658:Rodriguan
1648:Mauritian
1615:Grenadian
1610:Dominican
1518:Louisiana
1508:Minnesota
1345:Routledge
1217:Routledge
1024:gasoline
955:tournevis
919:tăng xông
867:fermeture
848:headlamp
831:(cục) pin
806:ô tô buýt
751:(chỉ) len
460:concrete
302:June 2022
273:does not
187:Australia
134:Viet Minh
80:Indochina
2147:Savoyard
2077:Poitevin
1986:Guianese
1901:Jèrriais
1886:Cauchois
1839:Standard
1819:Missouri
1760:Francien
1710:Kinshasa
1471:Cambodia
1192:newsreel
1058:See also
991:lettuce
974:vô lăng
969:vanilla
944:chocolat
941:sô-cô-la
837:battery
798:mouchoir
787:médaille
768:Lebanon
651:cartable
637:canteen
486:(bút) bi
429:ba toong
403:English
100:Cambodia
68:prestige
33:was the
2168:Italics
2101:Walloon
2095:Tây Bồi
2009:Lorrain
1936:Angevin
1874:Augeron
1824:Muskrat
1797:Laotian
1775:Haitian
1722:Belgian
1705:Abidjan
1699:African
1682:Acadian
1653:Réunion
1638:Agalega
1525:Vietnam
1498:Morocco
1493:Lebanon
1466:Algeria
1188:(video)
1021:essence
985:xà lách
977:volant
966:vanille
922:tension
900:chemise
892:cheese
889:fromage
870:zipper
809:autobus
762:Li-băng
727:eraser
675:wrench
644:cặp táp
632:cantine
625:căn tin
618:rubber
580:coffee
556:cravate
517:butter
448:bê tông
417:antenne
410:ăng-ten
400:French
382:Chữ Hán
294:removed
279:sources
212:Belgium
208:Cần Thơ
183:Ontario
117:Tây Bồi
115:called
74:History
2135:Faetar
2067:Picard
2043:Nouchi
2031:Michif
2014:Welche
1929:Others
1859:Norman
1785:Indian
1748:Magoua
1717:Aostan
1673:French
1476:Canada
1383:
1002:salad
999:salade
996:xa lát
988:salade
936:apple
903:shirt
881:movie
859:brake
845:phare
790:medal
784:mề đay
776:madame
773:ma đam
746:skirt
705:gâteau
683:équipe
606:cao su
568:cà phê
549:cà vạt
537:poupée
530:búp bế
524:búp bê
512:beurre
206:, and
185:) and
179:Quebec
175:Canada
171:France
113:pidgin
31:French
1981:Gallo
1946:Bolze
1844:Swiss
1743:Joual
1727:Métis
1687:Chiac
1031:Media
1013:soap
1010:savon
963:va ni
933:pomme
856:frein
853:phanh
765:Liban
757:wool
754:laine
734:giuýp
722:gomme
708:cake
686:team
680:ê-kíp
663:cờ-lê
594:capot
587:ca-pô
542:doll
474:bille
467:bi-da
455:béton
441:cane
436:bâton
364:from
200:Hanoi
150:south
146:north
126:Japan
2089:Tayo
1488:Laos
1381:ISBN
911:slip
878:film
875:phim
834:pile
741:jupe
694:gare
575:café
561:tie
366:gare
356:The
328:vous
277:any
275:cite
181:and
98:and
96:Laos
43:1954
670:clé
333:you
288:by
2204::
1739:*
1701:*
1359:,
1343:,
1292:,
1264:,
1253:^
1224:^
1215:,
1190:.
1139:,
1129:^
691:ga
527:,
505:bơ
388:.
362:ga
338:tu
202:,
173:,
169:,
124:,
1993:*
1675:*
1584:*
1559:e
1552:t
1545:v
1447:e
1440:t
1433:v
1395:.
1201:.
315:)
309:(
304:)
300:(
296:.
282:.
20:)
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