2336:
3172:
2469:
2958:
152:
3350:
collectively. The first steps after the 1953–1956 land reform were the encouragement by the government of labor exchanges in which farmers would unite to exchange labor; secondly in 1958 and 1959 was the formation of "low level cooperatives" in which farmers cooperated in production. By 1961, 86 percent of farmers were members of low-level cooperatives. The third step beginning in 1961 was to organize "high level cooperatives", true collective farming in which land and resources were utilized collectively without individual ownership of land. By 1971, the great majority of farmers in North
Vietnam were organized into high-level cooperatives. After the reunification of Vietnam, collective farms were abandoned gradually in the 1980s and 1990s.
2442:, the anti-French nationalists, and a catholic group known as the "Catholic Soldiers". On 19 June 1946, the Việt Minh Journal reportedly vehemently criticized "reactionaries sabotage the Franco-Vietnamese preliminary agreement on 6 March". Shortly thereafter, Võ Nguyễn Giáp began a campaign to pursue opposition parties by police and military forces controlled by the Việt Minh with the help of the French authorities. He also used soldiers, Japanese officers who had volunteered to stay in Vietnam and some of the supplies provided by France (in Hòn Gai French troops provided the Việt Minh with cannons to kill some of the positions commanded by the Great Occupation) in this campaign.
83:
2461:
797:
2689:
2950:
3303:
and (3) purchase with payment in bonds. The land reform was carried out from 1953 to 1956. Some farming areas did not undergo land reform but only rent reduction and the highland areas occupied by minority peoples were not substantially impacted. Some land was retained by the government but most was distributed without payment with priority given to Viet Minh fighters and their families. The total number of rural people impacted by the land reform program was more than 4 million. The rent reduction program impacted nearly 8 million people.
3376:
2289:
99:
3052:
2538:
2390:. In January 1946, the Việt Minh held an nationwide election across all the provinces to establish a National Assembly. Public enthusiasm for this event suggests that the Việt Minh league enjoyed a great deal of popularity at this time, although there were few competitive races and the party makeup of the Assembly was determined in advance of the vote. Despite not joining the election, Việt Cách and Việt Quốc were given 70 seats in the National Assembly in an effort to establish an inclusive government.
2577:, the man credited with the campaign, rejected the notion that his campaign had much effect on popular sentiment. The Viet Minh sought to detain or otherwise prevent would-be refugees from leaving, such as through intimidation through military presence, shutting down ferry services and water traffic, or prohibiting mass gatherings. Concurrently, between 14,000 and 45,000 civilians and approximately 100,000 Viet Minh fighters moved in the opposite direction.
2550:
2281:
3362:
1785:
3325:
200,000. However, other scholarship has concluded that the higher estimates were based on political propaganda which also emanated from South
Vietnam with the support of the US, and that the actual total of those executed was significantly lower. Scholar Balasz Szalontai wrote that documents of Hungarian diplomats living in North Vietnam at the time of the land reform provided a minimum number of 1,337 executions. This is consistent with
866:
949:
4539:
2369:, choosing the national anthem and selecting the National Committee for the Liberation of Vietnam, which later became the Provisional Revolutionary Government led by Hồ Chí Minh. On 12 September 1945, the first British troops arrived in Saigon, and on 23 September 1945, French troops occupied the police stations, the post office, and other public buildings. The salient political fact of life in Northern Vietnam was that the
2974:
848:
815:
5368:
3341:
excesses of the land reform broke out in
November 1956 in one largely Catholic rural district, leading to 1,000 deaths or injuries, and several thousand imprisoned. As part of the correction campaign, as many as 23,748 political prisoners were released by North Vietnam by September 1957. By 1958, the correction campaign had resulted in the return of land to many of those harmed by the land reform.
2714:. In recognising the traditional separatism of tribal minorities, this policy of accommodationism gave them self-government in exchange for acceptance of Hanoi's control. These regions existed from 1955 but following the merger of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the Republic of South Vietnam the system of autonomous regions was not continued and were fully abolished by 1978.
3252:, these "unsolved problems" revolved around grants given by the Japanese State to North Vietnam. Between 1973 and 1975 the Japanese and North Vietnamese governments held over 20 both official and unofficial meetings, on 6 October 1975 both sides finally reached and agreement and the Japanese would provide the North Vietnamese with an endowment worth 13.5 billion
3340:
apologised and acknowledged the serious errors the government had made in the land reform. Too many farmers, he also said, had been incorrectly classified as "landlords" and executed or imprisoned and too many mistakes has been made in the process of redistributing land. Severe rioting protesting the
2432:
on 15 June 1946, in one way or another, Võ Nguyễn Giáp decided that the Việt Minh had to completely control the government. Võ Nguyễn Giáp is in immediate action with the goal of spreading Việt Minh leadership: the Allied Powers are supported by the
Vietnamese Nationalist Party (according to Cecil B.
2019:
announcing in July 1955 that the State of
Vietnam would not participate in elections, claiming that it had not signed the Geneva Accords and was therefore not bound by it, and raising concerns that an unfair election would occur under the Việt Minh governance in North Vietnam. In October 1955, Diệm's
1924:
on 2 September 1945 and proclaimed the creation of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The Việt Minh (formally the "League for the Independence of Vietnam"), led by communists, socialists, nationalists and even progressive elements of the landowning class was created in 1941 and designed to appeal to
3319:
However, it was carried out with violence and repression primarily directed against large landowners identified, sometimes incorrectly, as landlords. Executions and imprisonment of persons classified as "reactionary and evil landlords" were contemplated from the beginning of the land reform program.
2360:
The
Democratic Republic of Vietnam claimed all of Vietnam, but during this time Southern Vietnam was in profound political disorder. The successive collapse of French, then Japanese power, followed by the disputes among the political factions in Saigon, had been accompanied by widespread violence in
3302:
Land reform was an integral part of the Viet Minh and communist
Democratic Republic of Vietnam. A Viet Minh Land Reform Law of 4 December 1953 called for (1) confiscation of land belonging to landlords who were enemies of the regime; (2) requisition of land from landlords not judged to be enemies;
3234:. Implementation, however, was delayed by North Vietnamese demands that Japan pay the equivalent of US$ 45 million in World War II reparations in two yearly installments, in the form of "economic cooperation" grants. Giving in to the Vietnamese demands, Japan paid the money and opened an embassy in
3423:
Although former emperor Bao Dai was also popular at this time and won a seat in the
Assembly, the election did not allow voters to express a preference between Bao Dai and Ho Chi Minh. It was held publicly in northern and central Vietnam, but secretly in Cochinchina, the southern third of Vietnam.
3349:
The ultimate objective of the land reform program of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam government was not to achieve equitable distribution of farmland but rather the organization of all farmers into co-operatives in which land and other factors of agricultural production would be owned and used
3210:
of the 1960s and 1970s, Japan consistently encouraged a negotiated settlement at the earliest possible date. Even before the hostilities ended, it had made contact with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) government and had reached an agreement to establish diplomatic relations in
2373:
occupied it, and the Chinese presence had forced Hồ Chí Minh and the Việt Minh to accommodate Chinese-supported Viet Nationalists. In June 1946, Chinese Nationalist troops evacuated Hanoi, and on 15 June, the last detachments embarked at Haiphong. After the departure of the British in 1946, the
3324:
document dated 4 May 1953 said that the planned executions were "fixed in principle at the ratio of one per one thousand people of the total population". The number of persons actually executed by cadre carrying out the land reform program has been variously estimated, with some ranging up to
151:
2445:
When France declared Cochinchina, the southern third of Vietnam, a separate state as the "Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina" in June 1946, Vietnamese nationalists reacted with fury. In November, the National Assembly adopted the first Constitution of the Republic.
1960:, stipulating general elections scheduled for July 1956 to "bring about the unification of Viet-Nam". The northern zone was controlled by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and became commonly called North Vietnam, while the southern zone, under control of the
2468:
3315:
and rich peasants. By 1960, there were 40,000 cooperatives spanning nearly nine-tenths of all farmland. The program, proceeded by a Three Year Plan (1957–1960), lifted agricultural production to 5.4 million tonnes or over double pre-Indochina War levels.
2985:
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was diplomatically isolated by many capitalist states, and many other anti-communist states worldwide throughout most of the North's history, as these states extended recognition only to the anti-communist government of
3211:
September 1973. On 21 September 1973, Japan and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) signed the "Exchange of Notes Concerning the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between Japan and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam" in
2437:
and, according to David G. Marr, the Vietnamese Communist Party under Hồ Chí Minh tried to ban the Vietnamese Nationalist Party) Võ Nguyễn Giáp gradually sought to marginalize the opposition such as the pro-Japan nationalist groups, the
3670:
Guillemot, François (2004). "Au coeur de la fracture vietnamienne : l'élimination de l'opposition nationaliste et anticolonialiste dans le Nord du Vietnam (1945–1946)". In Goscha, Christopher E.; de Tréglodé, Benoît (eds.).
2335:
3424:
There was minimal campaigning and most voters had no idea who the candidates were. In many districts, a single candidate ran unopposed. Party representation in the Assembly was publicly announced before the election was held.
4607:
3413:
No clear number due to internal turmoil in 1945, circa 20 million population based on last reliable estimate of 22.6 million people in 1943 (Barbieri, p.625) and her estimate of 400,000 to 2 million dying from 1944–45
3877:"Lời tuyên bố truyền thanh của Thủ tướng Chánh phủ ngày 16-7-1955 về hiệp định Genève và vấn đề thống nhất đất nước". "Tuyên ngôn của Chánh phủ Quốc gia Việt Nam ngày 9-8-1954 về vấn đề thống nhất lãnh thổ". In
4001:
2252:("Great South"). In 1945, the nation's official name was changed back to "Vietnam". The name is also sometimes rendered as "Viet Nam" in English. The term "North Vietnam" became common usage in 1954, when the
3200:
3192:
2324:, and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed on 2 September 1945 establishing independence and a new government for the entire country, replacing French rule and the Nguyễn dynasty.
3075:. By December 1972, 49 countries had established diplomatic relations with North Vietnam, and in 1973 more countries such as France established or reestablished their relations with the DRV.
2786:
7377:
3336:
In early 1956, North Vietnam initiated a "correction of errors" which put an end to the land reform, and to rectify the mistakes and damage done. On 18 August 1956, North Vietnamese leader
3196:
3046:
2612:
2127:
1890:
1535:
3698:
McHale, Shawn (2004). "Freedom, Violence, and the Struggle over the Public Arena in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 1945–1958". In Goscha, Christopher E.; de Tréglodé, Benoît (eds.).
2748:
3191:
Despite there not being any official diplomatic ties between Japan and North Vietnam between 1954 and 1973, private exchanges were gradually being rebuilt. In March 1955 the Japanese
1921:
493:
2721:
2725:
3447:
was reestablished, DRV lost control over major cities but still controlled scattered rural areas, so Việt Minh retreated to these areas (the Vietnamese people usually call these
5881:
5861:
2619:, governed South Vietnam for the next year. However it was seen as a vassal government of North Vietnam. North and South Vietnam were officially reunited on 2 July 1976 as the
3244:
With the re-establishment of relations between Japan and North Vietnam the Japanese agreed to resolve what are termed "unsolved problems", which after earlier negotiations in
3171:
3067:
In 1969, Sweden became the first Western country to extend full diplomatic recognition to North Vietnam. Many other Western countries followed suit in the 1970s, such as the
6024:
5886:
4879:
2821:
4088:
2507:(1946–50), Chinese communist forces arrived on the border in 1949. Chinese aid revived the fortunes of the Viet Minh and transformed it from a guerrilla militia into a
1956:
that year ended the war and recognized Vietnamese independence. The Geneva Accords provisionally divided the country into a northern zone and a southern zone along the
3991:
3241:
Earlier, the Japanese already gave similar funding to the South Vietnamese, which also re-established official diplomatic relations with Japan during the same period.
7009:
3256:. Of this money, 8.5 billion yen would be used to purchase heavy farmland cultivation machinery as well as public works provided by Japanese-owned corporations.
173:
4562:
7658:
7014:
5876:
3220:
7653:
5866:
5851:
5846:
299:
4537:
3311:
The land reform program was a success in terms of distributing much land to poor and landless peasants and reducing or eliminating the land holdings of
3231:
4585:
3037:
however, relations between the DRV and Algeria were much closer as a result of clandestine weapon transfers from the former to the latter during the
2565:, with an estimated 60% of the north's one million Catholics fleeing south. The Catholic migration is attributed to an expectation of persecution of
4880:
Japan and Vietnam - Archival Records on Our History (Joint Project Celebrating the 45th Anniversary of Japan-Viet Nam Diplomatic Relations) (2018).
7367:
3660:(1953), Folder 11, Box 02, Douglas Pike Collection: Unit 13 – The Early History of Vietnam, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University.'
4811:
Gardner, Lloyd C. and Gittinger, Ted, Eds. (2004), "The Search for Peace in Vietnam, 1964–1968," Bryan, TX: Texas A&M University Press, p. 194
7623:
7560:
7475:
4906:
4318:
3800:
3653:
2623:. The merged country's government was dominated by holdovers from North Vietnam, and adopted the North Vietnamese constitution, flag and anthem.
6105:
3560:
3259:
After diplomatic relations were re-established, in 1975, Japan would open an embassy in Hanoi and North Vietnam would open an embassy in Tokyo.
7678:
7203:
6087:
5682:
1932:
From the beginning, the communist-led Việt Minh sought to consolidate power by purging other nationalist groups. Meanwhile, France moved in to
4841:
6237:
4335:
198:
7252:
6816:
5959:
2361:
the countryside. On 16 August 1945, Hồ Chí Minh organized the National Congress in Tân Trào. The Congress adopted 10 major policies of the
2072:
1813:
3137:
in Vietnam itself (1955–75). In addition to the Viet Cong in South Vietnam, other communist insurgencies also operated within neighboring
2663:
The country is divided into provinces (tỉnh), autonomous regions (khu tự trị), and centrally run cities (thành phố trực thuộc trung ương);
2007:, which did not sign the Geneva Accords, stated that it "shall continue to seek to achieve unity through free elections supervised by the
7673:
7465:
7145:
5952:
5871:
7668:
6663:
6555:
4222:
2398:
507:
5321:
5060:
7397:
7132:
4114:
2865:
1489:
4443:
Hansen, Peter (2009). "Bắc Di Cư: Catholic Refugees from the North of Vietnam, and Their Role in the Southern Republic, 1954–1959".
7535:
7500:
7449:
7234:
6604:
5997:
5992:
5443:
4262:
3011:
2913:
2957:
7663:
6882:
5649:
4929:
2406:
3847:
3828:
7523:
7157:
7050:
6887:
6295:
5637:
5472:
4201:
3773:
2931:
2873:
2091:, who heavily supported South Vietnam militarily. The conflict spread to neighboring countries and North Vietnam supported the
1735:
5381:
5300:
2962:
2678:— Article 78, Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam – 1959 (Điều 78, Hiến pháp Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa – 1959).
33:"Democratic Republic of Vietnam" redirects here. Not to be confused with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, commonly known as
7495:
6029:
5642:
5545:
4521:
4499:
4478:
3906:
3333:
estimated the total number of executions at between 3,000 and 15,000 and later came up with a more precise figure of 13,500.
3157:, respectively. These insurgencies were aided by the North Vietnamese government, which sent troops to fight alongside them.
3109:. In 1964 the United States sent combat troops to South Vietnam to support the South Vietnamese government, but the U.S. had
2640:
1466:
3912:
7372:
7347:
6894:
6717:
6626:
5987:
5982:
5687:
1212:
619:
5530:
4346:
82:
7648:
6100:
6095:
6082:
5856:
4666:
3858:
3599:
3238:
on 11 October 1975, following the unification of North Vietnam and South Vietnam into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
2909:
2064:
1232:
1192:
7152:
7540:
7229:
7167:
5279:
4940:
4674:
4612:
4068:
4043:
3219:
and restored the diplomatic relations between Japan and North Vietnam. On the Japanese side the document was signed by
1397:
98:
7515:
7342:
7322:
7247:
7162:
7127:
7085:
6769:
6473:
6222:
6178:
5615:
5535:
5456:
5339:
5310:
5289:
5268:
5247:
5150:
4767:
4702:
4560:
4417:
3810:
3783:
3744:
3707:
3682:
3329:'s report of a South Vietnamese government document released in 1959 that estimated around 1,500 executions. Scholar
2927:
1740:
1720:
1606:
1329:
1250:
6050:
5540:
5525:
1133:
7402:
7213:
6809:
6480:
5924:
3166:
2869:
2021:
1976:
1905:
1806:
4795:
Huynh, Ngoc H., "The Time-Honored Friendship: A History of Vietnamese-Algerian Relations (1946–2015)" 1 May 2016.
2296:
After about 300 years of partition by feudal dynasties, Vietnam was again under one single authority in 1802 when
2108:
480:
7407:
6349:
6232:
6227:
5605:
2877:
2561:, more than one million North Vietnamese migrated to South Vietnam, under the U.S.-led evacuation campaign named
2182:
1676:
2433:
Currey, this organization borrows the revolutionary name of Vietnamese Nationalist Party of 1930 was founded by
2332:
was opposed to a return to French rule in Indochina, and the U.S. was supportive of the Viet Minh at this time.
7429:
7327:
7279:
7112:
7040:
6587:
6254:
6210:
5692:
5512:
5372:
4660:
2889:
2837:
2387:
1933:
7122:
5217:
Pingali, and Vo-TungPrabhu and Vo-Tong Xuan (1992), "Vietnam: Decollectivization and Rice Productive Growth",
7628:
7439:
7337:
7117:
6646:
6244:
6067:
5600:
5204:
Kerkvliet, Bendedict J. Tria (1998), "Wobbly Foundations" building co-operatives in rural Vietnam, 1955–61,"
5018:
2978:
2897:
2569:
by the North Vietnamese government, as well as publicity employed by the Saigon government of the President
2166:
1183:
1075:
2420:
The Vietnamese Nationalist Party and the Việt Cách Revolutionary Party were significantly less popular than
7633:
7483:
7182:
7172:
6941:
6401:
6366:
5947:
5811:
5477:
5436:
3297:
2562:
2528:
2504:
2410:
2151:
2139:
1725:
1696:
1426:
5520:
4583:
958:
763:
7528:
7434:
7208:
6802:
6729:
6332:
6288:
6168:
6045:
5806:
5747:
5583:
5492:
5487:
5482:
4142:
3856:"Final Declaration of the Geneva Conference of the Problem of Restoring Peace in Indo-China, 21 July 1954
3568:
3268:
3014:
from 1950 to 1957, perhaps reflecting Hanoi's deference to the Soviet line on the Yugoslav government of
2893:
2711:
2616:
2383:
2370:
2056:
1988:
1926:
1799:
1765:
1750:
1745:
1730:
1416:
1202:
928:
440:
7580:
4980:
Szalontai, Balazs (2005), "Political and Economic Crisis in Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 1955–1956",
3223:, the Japanese Ambassador to France, while for the North Vietnamese side the document was signed by the
7294:
7177:
6976:
6413:
6396:
6373:
6195:
6002:
5974:
5838:
5702:
5627:
5610:
5142:
4885:
3102:
2586:
2476:
1269:
426:
384:
4315:
3648:
2434:
2199:
The official name of the North Vietnamese state was the "Democratic Republic of Vietnam" (Vietnamese:
7545:
7417:
6582:
6318:
6283:
5919:
5907:
5677:
5672:
5593:
4759:
3672:
3129:
provided aid to and troops in support of North Vietnamese military activities. This was known as the
2833:
1937:
1065:
521:
450:
395:
3018:, and North Vietnamese officials continued to be critical of Tito after relations were established.
3010:, and received aid from these nations. North Vietnam refused to establish diplomatic relations with
2570:
7488:
7412:
7045:
6946:
6500:
6370:
6313:
6200:
6190:
6173:
6062:
5632:
5502:
5044:"Politburo's Directive Issued on May 4, 1953, on some Special Issues regarding Mass Mobilization,"
4932:
4837:
2692:
The autonomous regions of North Vietnam on a map of its provinces created by the government of the
2532:
2492:
2253:
2143:
2037:
1760:
38:
4744:
Cima, R.J (1987). Vietnam: A Country Study. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 99.
3585:
Economic growth around the world from ancient times to the present day: Statistical Tables. Part 1
1142:
1030:
7638:
7352:
6857:
6722:
6545:
6515:
6433:
6391:
5816:
5801:
5659:
5429:
4084:
3996:
3068:
2855:
2402:
1949:
725:
5136:
7618:
7570:
7565:
7505:
6956:
6899:
6845:
6840:
6685:
6278:
6266:
6185:
6135:
5821:
5107:
3650:
Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Movement in Indochina, A Study in the Exploitation of Nationalism
3293:
3121:
and New Zealand also contributed troops and military aid to South Vietnam's war effort. China,
2496:
2414:
2159:
2147:
1953:
1866:
1656:
1510:
719:
552:
157:
6155:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4035:
2425:
1020:
7080:
6951:
6705:
6695:
6670:
6614:
6406:
5931:
5914:
5796:
4921:
4881:
3898:
3622:
3515:
3060:
2754:
2636:
As an ideologically Marxist-Leninist state, North Vietnam adopted a constitution modelled on
2542:
2439:
2329:
2116:
2107:
against their respective US-supported governments. By 1973, the United States and its allies
4027:
3724:
2460:
1359:
7643:
7599:
7332:
7242:
7065:
6993:
6961:
6911:
6906:
6690:
6680:
6675:
6565:
6468:
6344:
6305:
6273:
6055:
5964:
5902:
5667:
5571:
5078:
5057:
4856:
3225:
3042:
2652:
2573:. The CIA ran a propaganda campaign to get Catholics to come to the south. However Colonel
2503:(1946–54) followed, during which many urban areas fell under French control. Following the
1992:
1369:
1105:
353:
287:
27:
7575:
4110:
2731:
8:
7362:
7070:
6921:
6874:
6862:
6700:
6636:
6572:
6505:
6495:
6463:
6458:
6451:
6386:
6361:
6249:
6072:
6016:
5784:
5759:
5742:
5737:
5725:
5720:
5622:
4085:"Maintenance Agency for ISO 3166 Country Codes – English Country Names and Code Elements"
4061:
Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History
3452:
3440:
2999:
2688:
2558:
2500:
2480:
2455:
2379:
2218:
2162:
2155:
2104:
1957:
1948:, the Việt Minh captured and controlled most of the rural areas in Vietnam, which led to
1941:
1838:
1040:
890:
591:
536:
245:
233:
62:
6540:
2953:
Countries that recognized the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) as of 1973.
2949:
2479:(seated, left) and other DRV leaders in a liberated zone of northern Vietnam during the
1289:
1222:
318:
138:
7357:
6936:
6926:
6762:
6739:
6734:
6631:
6577:
6532:
6446:
6261:
6217:
6140:
6123:
5588:
5464:
5345:
4410:
Cold War Mandarin: Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America's War in Vietnam, 1950–1963
4167:
3535:
3389:
2990:. North Vietnam however, was recognized by almost all Communist countries, such as the
2666:
The province is divided into districts (huyện), cities (thành phố), and towns (thị xã);
2313:
2301:
1406:
1379:
937:
6145:
5258:
5237:
3203:
would be established to help maintain unofficial relations between the two countries.
2421:
2394:
2325:
2178:
2029:
1559:
414:
372:
330:
7264:
7030:
6931:
6619:
6599:
6560:
6510:
6490:
6441:
6356:
6205:
6163:
5396:
5335:
5306:
5285:
5264:
5243:
5146:
5013:
4994:
4946:
4936:
4900:
4763:
4688:
4680:
4670:
4629:
4517:
4495:
4474:
4413:
4198:
4159:
4064:
4039:
4028:
3902:
3844:
3825:
3806:
3779:
3740:
3703:
3678:
3114:
3106:
2829:
2702:
2488:
2348:
2344:
2317:
2288:
2131:
2096:
1975:
Supervision of the implementation of the Geneva Accords was the responsibility of an
1945:
1901:
1886:
1686:
1448:
1165:
802:
605:
467:
273:
104:
7510:
3992:"Author Tim O'Brien, voice of the Vietnam War experience, slated to speak in Peters"
1085:
978:
156:
The administrative territory of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam according to the
7055:
6778:
6712:
6653:
6641:
6594:
6520:
6423:
6381:
5754:
5710:
5497:
5378:
5327:
5027:
4621:
4452:
4392:
4151:
3732:
3527:
3444:
3110:
2764:
2194:
2012:
1965:
1874:
1755:
1499:
1437:
1309:
1095:
837:
820:
20:
3894:
Vietnamese Communists' Relations with China and the Second Indochina War (1956–62)
3051:
2553:
Viet Minh troops returning to Hanoi after the French withdrawal on October 9, 1954
2537:
1666:
1115:
7097:
6609:
6485:
6418:
5732:
5715:
5385:
5064:
4589:
4566:
4543:
4322:
4226:
4219:
4205:
3892:
3862:
3851:
3832:
3657:
3394:
3375:
3249:
3216:
3138:
3015:
2769:
2574:
2566:
2366:
2025:
1854:
1349:
767:
291:
240:
178:
88:
2759:
2741:
2659:"The administrative units in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam are as follows:
1279:
7470:
7035:
6783:
6550:
5828:
4339:
3367:
3330:
3142:
2608:
2123:
2008:
1882:
1858:
1789:
1770:
1549:
1319:
4692:
4625:
4396:
4275:
Why Vietnam, Archimedes L.A Patti, Nhà xuất bản Đà Nẵng, 2008, trang 544 – 545
2779:
2417:
claimed there were places where people were forced to vote for the Việt Minh.
2413:(Việt Cách) which did not participate in the elections. Former Prime Minister
1850:
1259:
904:
342:
7612:
7550:
7060:
6971:
6850:
5555:
4950:
4684:
4662:
Ethnicity and multilingualism: The case of ethnic Tai in the Vietnamese state
4633:
4163:
3802:
Disunion: Anticommunist Nationalism and the Making of the Republic of Vietnam
3623:"Sapeque and Sapeque-Like Coins in Cochinchina and Indochina (交趾支那和印度支那穿孔錢幣)"
3326:
3094:
3072:
2987:
2693:
2637:
2508:
2362:
2245:
2204:
2112:
2068:
2033:
2016:
2004:
1969:
1878:
1521:
255:
213:
200:
161:
5350:
4456:
3736:
2717:
List of North Vietnamese autonomous regions and their subsidiary provinces:
1339:
1299:
1155:
7555:
7444:
7424:
6966:
5764:
5031:
4954:
4696:
4340:"The State of The World's Refugees 2000 – Chapter 4: Flight from Indochina"
3965:
3627:
Howard A. Daniel III (The Journal of East Asian Numismatics – Second issue)
3253:
3126:
3038:
2995:
2991:
2901:
2885:
2309:
2305:
2292:
Ho Chi Minh declaring independence at Ba Dinh Square on September 2nd, 1945
2227:
2170:
2076:
2052:
2000:
1996:
1870:
1646:
1636:
4882:"Japan and Vietnam § IV. Vietnam and Japan: Old Partners, New Partnership"
4387:
Tran, Thi Lien (November 2005). "The Catholic Question in North Vietnam".
2256:
provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts.
7284:
7269:
6916:
5331:
4800:
4334:
3381:
3337:
3207:
3154:
3130:
3122:
3105:. North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces and supplies were sent along the
3084:
3003:
2966:
2845:
2597:
2472:
2375:
2270:
2240:
2100:
2080:
2044:
1913:
1577:
968:
578:
565:
5138:
Paths to Development in Asia: South Korea, Vietnam, China, and Indonesia
4492:
Operation Passage to Freedom: The United States Navy in Vietnam, 1954–55
4471:
Operation Passage to Freedom: The United States Navy in Vietnam, 1954–55
4293:
Stanley Karnow. Vietnam: A History. New York, NY. Penguin, 1991, p. 163.
3881:– Quyển II. Sở Báo chí Thông tin, Phủ Tổng thống. Saigon 1956. pp. 11–13
3021:
Several non-aligned countries also recognized North Vietnam. Similar to
2774:
2545:, which separated North and South Vietnam after the 1954 Geneva Accords.
2515:
in June 1950 transformed what had been an anti-colonial struggle into a
6794:
4608:"Triumphs or tragedies: A new perspective on the Vietnamese revolution"
4171:
3539:
3456:
3150:
2519:
battleground, with the U.S. providing financial support to the French.
2512:
2092:
2015:
strongly opposed the partition of the country, with its prime minister
1051:
999:
989:
3601:
Fledgling Financial Markets in Vietnam's Transition Economy, 1986–2003
2234:
2231:
6825:
5239:
Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam
5108:"The Myth of the bloodbath: North Vietnam's land reform reconsidered"
4756:
Why Vietnam Invaded Cambodia: Political Culture and the Causes of War
3321:
3274:
3245:
3146:
3098:
3088:
2941:
2613:
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam
2549:
2428:, and the Việt Minh. When the Chinese nationalist army withdrew from
2340:
2280:
2084:
2060:
1917:
1909:
1010:
5058:
Lam Thanh Liem (2005), "Ho Chi Minh's Land Reform: Mistake or Crime"
4819:
4817:
4705:), Volume: 68-12, Section: A, page: 5117 Adviser: Katherine A. Bowie
4451:(3). Berkeley, California: University of California Press: 182–183.
4155:
3845:"Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Vietnam, July 20, 1954
3531:
3041:, with Algeria placing a draft resolution in the 1973 summit of the
2736:
2669:
The district is divided into communes (xã) and townships (thị trấn).
2328:
became leader of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. U.S. President
6986:
5421:
4922:"Chapter 2 - Japanese Attitudes Toward Vietnam - From 1973 to 1975"
3826:"Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Vietnam, 20 July 1954
3312:
3118:
3101:, in an attempt to annex South Vietnam and reunify Vietnam under a
2516:
2297:
2223:
2088:
1055:
948:
454:
5323:
Mass Mobilization in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 1945–1960
4732:
Historical Dictionary of the Peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif
4714:
4137:
2973:
7299:
5452:
5412:
5379:
Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
4814:
4594:
Weapons and Field Gear of the North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong
3729:
Dynamics of the Cold War in Asia: Ideology, Identity, and Culture
3034:
2923:
2620:
2429:
2174:
2135:
1894:
1626:
855:
262:
34:
3093:
From 1960, the North Vietnamese government went to war with the
2126:
and saw South Vietnam come under the control of the Việt Cộng's
7075:
6867:
5367:
4784:
Indian Foreign Policy in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, 1947–1964,
3855:
3184:
3175:
The document establishing official bilateral relations between
3056:
2905:
2881:
1984:
1616:
1596:
16:
Former country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1945 to 1976
4971:, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, pp. 178–181
4825:
State succession and membership in international organizations
2522:
7289:
7259:
6658:
4175:
3235:
3212:
3180:
3176:
3022:
2841:
2825:
2672:
Administrative units in the autonomous region are statutory."
2557:
Following the partition of Vietnam in 1954 at the end of the
2321:
2048:
1980:
1586:
192:
7274:
7198:
7140:
5048:
Vol. 5, No. 2 (Summer 2010), p. 243. Downloaded from JSTOR.
5014:"Nguyễn Thị Năm and the Land Reform in North Vietnam, 1953"
3007:
2308:
after 1883 and under Japanese occupation after 1940 during
2264:
4373:
Viet-nam, the first five years: an international symposium
3113:
there since 1950. Other nations, including Australia, the
2580:
2011:
to ensure that they are conducted fairly". Meanwhile, the
5079:"Political and Economic Crisis in North Vietnam, 1955–56"
3145:, both formerly part of the French colonial territory of
752:
4797:
CUREJ: College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal
4715:
Bruce M. Lockhart; William J. Duiker (2006). "Tây Bắc".
4571:
The National Flag of Viet Nam: Its Origin and Legitimacy
3504:
4827:. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2001. pp. 68–92.
4263:"Quốc hội khóa 1 và những giây phút không thể nào quên"
3753:
4383:
4381:
2043:
Failure to unify the country by referendum led to the
5221:
Vol 40, No 4. p. 702, 706–707. Downloaded from JSTOR.
4654:
4652:
4650:
3778:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 62–63, 81–85.
3199:
was established. Meanwhile, in 1965 North Vietnamese
2541:
View from the northern side of the bridge across the
2047:
in 1955. Supported by their communist allies, mainly
3357:
2365:, passing the General Uprising Order, selecting the
1862:
5208:, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 193–197. Downloaded from JSTOR
4378:
4296:
2405:. The two other parties in the government were the
4730:Jean Michaud (2006). "Tay Bac Autonomous Region".
4647:
4021:
4019:
3989:
3725:"The Early South Vietnamese Critique of Communism"
3700:Naissance d'un État-Parti: Le Viêt Nam depuis 1945
3674:Naissance d'un État-Parti: Le Viêt Nam depuis 1945
2724:(Khu tự trị Thái – Mèo, 1955–1962), later renamed
2244:), a name used in ancient times. In 1839, Emperor
2158:in 1979. The expanded Socialist Republic retained
4111:"Báo Nhân Dân – Phiên bản tiếng Việt – Trang chủ"
3509:
3507:
2449:
7610:
4838:"The History Place — Vietnam War 1945–1960"
4786:Berkeley: University of California Press, p. 194
3897:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p.
2977:DRV delegation led by Ho Chi Minh on a visit to
911:
909:
895:
136:
120:
54:
5260:Vietnam: State, War, and Revolution (1945–1946)
4494:. Lubbock, Texas: Texas Tech University Press.
4473:. Lubbock, Texas: Texas Tech University Press.
4016:
3805:. University of Hawaiʻi Press. pp. 24–30.
3677:. Paris: Les Indes savantes. pp. 175–216.
2275:
2134:on 2 July 1976 and the creation of the current
1885:and ceased to exist the following year when it
4412:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
3890:
3582:
3045:calling on its members to support the DRV and
2401:which voted for the first time and passed the
7659:States and territories disestablished in 1976
6810:
5437:
4984:Vol. 5, No. 4, p. 401. Downloaded from JSTOR.
4701:Source: Dissertation Abstracts International(
4336:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
3702:. Paris: Les Indes savantes. pp. 81–99.
2789:(Khu tự trị Lào-Hà-Yên), established in 1957.
1883:emerged victorious over South Vietnam in 1975
1807:
4729:
4658:
3884:
3727:. In Vu, Tuong; Wongsurawat, Wasana (eds.).
2751:(Khu tự trị Việt Bắc), established in 1956.
4905:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3195:was created and in August of that year the
2646:
2523:Provisional military demarcation of Vietnam
2142:, the unified Vietnamese state experienced
164:but not controlled is shown in light green.
7654:States and territories established in 1945
6817:
6803:
5444:
5430:
5281:Hanoi's Road to the Vietnam War, 1954–1965
4926:Japanese Relations with Vietnam, 1951-1987
4278:
3459:. However, the DRV did not cease to exist.
2626:
2063:(Việt Cộng) guerrillas fought against the
2061:National Liberation Front of South Vietnam
1814:
1800:
26:"NVN" redirects here. For other uses, see
5349:
5219:Economic Development and Cultural Change,
4919:
4830:
4375:. Michigan State University Press. p. 49.
4284:Sexton, Michael "War for the Asking" 1981
3669:
3561:"The Manpower Situation in North Vietnam"
3451:). DRV during this time was considered a
2591:
642:331,212 km (127,882 sq mi)
6824:
5319:
3516:"La situation démographique du Viêt Nam"
3513:
3170:
3167:Japan–Vietnam relations § 1946–1976
3050:
2972:
2956:
2948:
2687:
2548:
2536:
2467:
2464:Flag of the DRV during the Indochina War
2459:
2334:
2287:
2284:The North Vietnamese government in 1946.
2279:
2265:Leadership under Hồ Chí Minh (1945–1969)
2073:United States intervened in the conflict
658:157,880 km (60,960 sq mi)
650:157,880 km (60,960 sq mi)
5511:
5298:
5277:
5173:
5171:
3879:Con đường Chính nghĩa: Độc lập, Dân chủ
3873:
3871:
2581:Presidency of Tôn Đức Thắng (1969–1976)
2069:other countries from becoming communist
7624:Former countries in Vietnamese history
7611:
5242:. University of North Carolina Press.
5235:
4969:Land Reform in China and North Vietnam
4801:https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/214
4753:
4442:
3990:Diana Nelson Jones (3 November 2018).
3927:
3731:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 17–32.
3697:
3615:
3443:until French defeat in 1954, when the
2700:North Vietnam established a system of
7679:Former polities of the Indochina Wars
6798:
6030:National Defense and Security Council
5425:
5076:
4844:from the original on 17 December 2008
4511:
4505:
4117:from the original on 26 February 2009
4058:
4025:
3936:
3722:
3597:
3344:
3033:(formal) recognition. In the case of
2834:Democratic People's Republic of Korea
2683:
2641:1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union
2314:Japan surrendered on 2 September 1945
2217:
1861:that existed from 1945 to 1976, with
5451:
5256:
5168:
5115:Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars
4734:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 232–233.
4719:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 355–356.
4423:
4302:
4135:
3868:
3798:
3771:
3759:
3201:Vietnam–Japan Friendship Association
3193:Japan–Vietnam Friendship Association
2793:
2128:Provisional Revolutionary Government
1536:Provisional Revolutionary Government
1147:
127:"Independence – Freedom – Happiness"
5857:Permanent Member of the Secretariat
4391:(London: Routledge) 5 (4): 427–49.
4188:Pentagon Papers Retrieved 28/09/12
13:
7674:Former countries in Southeast Asia
5284:. University of California Press.
5263:. University of California Press.
5228:
5134:
5105:
5011:
4613:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
4605:
4138:"Franklin Roosevelt and Indochina"
4136:Hess, Gary R. (1 September 1972).
4030:Vietnam: A Global Studies Handbook
4004:from the original on 4 August 2021
2804:the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
2304:, but the country became a French
2222:) was the name adopted by Emperor
1873:, it opposed the French-supported
14:
7690:
7669:1976 disestablishments in Vietnam
5360:
5302:Vietnam's American War: A History
4703:ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
4352:from the original on 14 June 2007
4091:from the original on 19 June 2012
3915:from the original on 13 July 2017
2994:and other Socialist countries of
2355:
2119:by the superior Northern forces.
5862:History of central officeholders
5366:
5012:Vo, Alex Thai D. (Winter 2015).
3374:
3360:
3078:
2728:(Khu tự trị Tây Bắc, 1962–1975)
2710:) similar to (and based on) the
2602:
2065:Military Forces of South Vietnam
1991:, respectively representing the
1783:
1480:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
947:
864:
846:
813:
795:
150:
97:
81:
6664:Traditional musical instruments
5403:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
5326:. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
5211:
5198:
5189:
5180:
5159:
5128:
5099:
5070:
5051:
5038:
5005:
4987:
4974:
4961:
4913:
4805:
4789:
4776:
4747:
4738:
4723:
4708:
4667:University of Wisconsin–Madison
4599:
4576:
4553:
4530:
4484:
4463:
4436:
4402:
4365:
4328:
4308:
4287:
4269:
4255:
4242:
4233:
4211:
4191:
4182:
4129:
4103:
4077:
4063:. Berghahn Books. p. 213.
4052:
3983:
3958:
3945:
3838:
3819:
3792:
3765:
3716:
3691:
3663:
3641:
3417:
3197:Japan–Vietnam Trade Association
2631:
2399:the nationwide General Election
2226:in 1804. It is a variation of "
2203:). The South was known as the "
1934:reassert its colonial dominance
19:For the region of Vietnam, see
7664:1945 establishments in Vietnam
7323:Azerbaijan People's Government
5305:. Cambridge University Press.
5046:Journal of Vietnamese Studies,
4799:, University of Pennsylvania,
3591:
3576:
3553:
3484:
3471:
3462:
3433:
3407:
3287:
3025:, most accorded North Vietnam
2726:Northwestern Autonomous Region
2450:During the First Indochina War
1944:in December 1946. During this
1831:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1490:Provisional Central Government
910:
885:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
50:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1:
5882:Central Inspection Commission
5413:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
5236:Nguyen, Lien-Hang T. (2012).
5019:Journal of Vietnamese Studies
4514:War and Revolution in Vietnam
4445:Journal of Vietnamese Studies
3497:
2979:Socialist Republic of Romania
2961:Ho Chi Minh with East German
2621:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
2615:, or Vietcong, alongside the
2491:and the deterioration of the
2393:On 6 January 1946, President
2136:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
2024:, which was widely marred by
1895:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
1877:and later the Western-allied
677:
620:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
4659:Mukdawijitra, Yukti (2007).
3854:, accessed 15 October 2015;
3298:Land reform in North Vietnam
3179:and North Vietnam signed in
2787:Lào-Hà-Yên Autonomous Region
2563:Operation Passage to Freedom
2529:Operation Passage to Freedom
2505:Chinese Communist Revolution
2411:Vietnam Revolutionary League
2407:Vietnamese Nationalist Party
2374:French controlled a part of
2276:Proclamation of the republic
2188:
2183:collapse of the Soviet Union
2140:aftermath of the Vietnam War
2093:Lao People’s Liberation Army
1925:a wider population than the
1607:Cát Tiên archaeological site
300:Leader of the Worker's Party
7:
7363:Kurdish Republic of Mahabad
6025:Central Military Commission
5887:Central Military Commission
4754:Morris, Stephen J. (1999).
4643:– via Cambridge Core.
4143:Journal of American History
3569:Central Intelligence Agency
3477:as General Secretary, also
3353:
3262:
3230:of North Vietnam to France
3215:, this document was in the
2802:International Relations of
2712:autonomous regions of China
2028:, to depose Chief of State
1940:, eventually prompting the
1927:Indochinese Communist Party
1540:(Republic of South Vietnam)
122:Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc
10:
7695:
7649:Former socialist republics
5993:Supreme People's Procuracy
5143:Cambridge University Press
5086:Cold War History (journal)
4920:Shiraishi, Masaya (1990).
4886:National Archives of Japan
4371:Lindholm, Richard (1959).
4026:Woods, L. Shelton (2002).
3865:, accessed 15 October 2015
3835:, accessed 15 October 2015
3775:The Vietnam War Reexamined
3598:Vuong, Quan Hoang (2004).
3306:
3291:
3282:
3272:
3266:
3164:
3082:
2749:Việt Bắc Autonomous Region
2722:Thái-Mèo Autonomous Region
2650:
2595:
2584:
2526:
2453:
2268:
2259:
2192:
2171:Eastern Bloc organisations
1952:. The negotiations in the
1865:being fully recognized in
1270:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
32:
25:
18:
7597:
7458:
7390:
7315:
7222:
7191:
7105:
7094:
7023:
7002:
6833:
6756:
6531:
6432:
6340:
6331:
6304:
6131:
6122:
6081:
6038:
6015:
5973:
5940:
5895:
5837:
5792:
5783:
5701:
5658:
5579:
5570:
5463:
5408:
5401:
5393:
5067:, accessed 4 October 2015
4760:Stanford University Press
4626:10.1017/S0022463414000083
4606:Vu, Tuong (19 May 2014).
4397:10.1080/14682740500284747
4250:Decolonization since 1945
3772:Kort, Michael G. (2017).
3514:Barbieri, Magali (1995).
2800:
2215:Vietnamese pronunciation:
2201:Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa
2113:unsupported South Vietnam
1881:(South Vietnam). The DRV
1843:Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa
912:
903:
897:Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa
896:
889:
884:
774:
759:
746:
736:
718:
714:
704:
694:
684:
671:
667:
662:
654:
646:
638:
633:
629:
616:
601:
588:
575:
562:
549:
531:
518:
503:
490:
477:
464:
460:
451:Aftermath of World War II
446:
436:
432:
420:
408:
404:
394:
390:
378:
366:
362:
352:
348:
336:
324:
312:
308:
298:
282:
261:
251:
239:
229:
185:
169:
149:
137:
131:
121:
115:
77:
72:
56:Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa
48:
5384:11 February 2006 at the
5299:Asselin, Pierre (2018).
5278:Asselin, Pierre (2013).
5063:18 February 2013 at the
4967:Moise, Edwin E. (1983),
4933:Cornell University Press
4782:SarDesai, D. R. (1968),
4588:16 December 2017 at the
4490:Frankum, Ronald (2007).
4469:Frankum, Ronald (2007).
3953:Maoism: A Global History
3400:
3269:People's Army of Vietnam
3160:
3059:delegation visiting the
2647:Administrative divisions
2533:Geneva Conference (1954)
2493:Fontainebleau Agreements
2371:Chinese Nationalist Army
2367:national flag of Vietnam
2179:Đổi Mới economic reforms
2132:reunification of Vietnam
2057:People's Army of Vietnam
1977:international commission
1203:Trung sisters' rebellion
160:is shown in dark green;
39:Vietnam (disambiguation)
7373:North Korea (1947–1948)
7368:North Korea (1946–1947)
5320:Holcombe, Alec (2020).
5257:Marr, David G. (2013).
4565:6 November 2013 at the
4457:10.1525/vs.2009.4.3.173
4429:Truong Nhu Tang. 1986.
4208:1969 Retrieved 28/09/12
4059:Moses, A. Dirk (2008).
3997:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
3966:"Vietnam - The Economy"
3891:Ang Cheng Guan (1997).
3861:18 October 2015 at the
3850:22 October 2015 at the
3831:22 October 2015 at the
3737:10.1057/9780230101999_2
3583:A G Vinogradov (2015).
3187:, on 21 September 1973.
3069:government of Australia
2627:Government and politics
2388:Southern Resistance War
2316:, the Việt Minh in the
2150:and conflicts with the
2071:in Southeast Asia, the
1697:Principality of Hà Tiên
230:Official languages
7095:Current and historical
6474:Language and computers
6223:Science and Technology
5983:Supreme People's Court
5925:Deputy Prime Ministers
5716:Hong (Red) River Delta
5032:10.1525/vs.2015.10.1.1
3439:From the start of the
3294:Land reform in Vietnam
3188:
3064:
2982:
2970:
2954:
2697:
2675:
2611:on 30 April 1975, the
2592:During the Vietnam War
2554:
2546:
2511:. The outbreak of the
2484:
2465:
2352:
2293:
2285:
2200:
2124:ended on 30 April 1975
1968:, was commonly called
1893:to become the current
1842:
1578:Non-Vietnamese history
1330:4th Chinese domination
1233:3rd Chinese domination
1213:2nd Chinese domination
1193:1st Chinese domination
214:21.02833°N 105.85417°E
55:
37:; for other uses, see
6706:Person Dignity Theory
4717:The A to Z of Vietnam
4548:The Making of Vietnam
4516:. London: Routledge.
4512:Ruane, Kevin (1998).
4408:Jacobs, Seth (2006).
4087:. ISO. 6 April 2010.
3799:Tran, Nu-Anh (2022).
3174:
3083:Further information:
3061:Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum
3054:
2976:
2960:
2952:
2691:
2657:
2617:North Vietnamese Army
2596:Further information:
2585:Further information:
2552:
2540:
2527:Further information:
2475:(seated, right) with
2471:
2463:
2454:Further information:
2386:since the end to the
2338:
2330:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2291:
2283:
2269:Further information:
2109:withdrew from the war
1950:French defeat in 1954
1922:declared independence
1526:(Republic of Vietnam)
1443:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
1431:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
1421:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
1411:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
522:Ho–Sainteny agreement
481:Abdication of Bảo Đại
7629:Communism in Vietnam
7600:History of socialism
6228:Traditional medicine
6106:Self-Defence Militia
5650:World Heritage Sites
5606:Environmental issues
5375:at Wikimedia Commons
5332:10.2307/j.ctv105bb0z
4669:. pp. 240–459.
4542:24 June 2016 at the
4220:The Viet-Minh Regime
4204:12 June 2011 at the
4034:. ABC-CLIO. p.
3723:Hoang, Tuan (2009).
3656:4 March 2014 at the
3468:as General Secretary
3043:Non-Aligned Movement
2653:Provinces of Vietnam
2409:(Việt Quốc) and the
2248:renamed the country
2032:and established the
1936:over Vietnam in the
1511:North–South division
1360:Later Lê Restoration
1066:Phùng Nguyên culture
564:• Start of the
508:Legislative election
28:NVN (disambiguation)
7634:First Indochina War
7536:Estonia (1918–1919)
7430:Hungary (1949–1989)
6701:Ho Chi Minh Thought
5877:Central Secretariat
5206:South East Research
5077:Szalontai, Balazs.
5026:(1): 9–10, 14, 36.
4582:Emering, Edward J.
4225:27 May 2016 at the
3933:Karnow, p. 223-224.
3762:, pp. 383–441.
3453:government-in-exile
3441:First Indochina War
3313:landlords (địa chủ)
3095:Republic of Vietnam
2874:Byelorussian S.S.R.
2559:First Indochina War
2501:First Indochina War
2487:In the wake of the
2481:First Indochina War
2456:First Indochina War
2380:South Central Coast
2205:Republic of Vietnam
2169:and memberships in
2130:, which led to the
2034:Republic of Vietnam
1942:First Indochina War
1879:Republic of Vietnam
1736:Historical capitals
1657:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
1004:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
983:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
891:Vietnamese alphabet
592:Paris Peace Accords
246:Vietnamese alphabet
219:21.02833; 105.85417
210: /
7501:Byelorussia (1919)
6740:Vietnamese studies
6452:Overseas community
6245:Telecommunications
5998:Procurator-General
5953:Standing Committee
5643:Endangered species
5195:Moise, pp. 155–159
5177:Moise, pp. 237–268
5135:Vu, Tuong (2010).
4935:. pp. 43–44.
4823:Bühler, Konrad G.
4431:A Viet Cong Memoir
4321:2009-05-11 at the
4316:Political Overview
3955:(2019) pp 223–265.
3490:as First Secretary
3390:History of Vietnam
3345:Collective farming
3221:Yoshihiro Nakayama
3189:
3097:via its proxy the
3065:
2983:
2971:
2955:
2703:autonomous regions
2698:
2684:Autonomous regions
2555:
2547:
2489:Hai Phong incident
2485:
2466:
2353:
2343:rally outside the
2294:
2286:
2219:[vjə̀tnam]
2022:its own referendum
1869:. A member of the
1863:formal sovereignty
1790:Vietnam portal
1407:French Cochinchina
1025:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
732:1960 estimate
292:socialist republic
174:Unrecognized state
158:1954 Geneva Accord
7606:
7605:
7593:
7592:
7589:
7588:
7386:
7385:
7128:Congo-Brazzaville
7024:Regional variants
6792:
6791:
6752:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6718:Traditional games
6402:Human trafficking
6327:
6326:
6118:
6117:
6114:
6113:
6011:
6010:
5948:National Assembly
5867:National Congress
5852:General Secretary
5847:Central Committee
5812:Foreign relations
5779:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5748:Central Highlands
5566:
5565:
5531:Chinese dominated
5420:
5419:
5409:Succeeded by
5397:Empire of Vietnam
5371:Media related to
5186:Szalontai, p. 401
4982:Cold War History,
4930:SEAP Publications
4559:Nguyễn, Sài Đình
4523:978-1-85728-323-5
4500:978-0-89672-608-6
4479:978-0-89672-608-6
4265:. 5 January 2016.
4248:Springhal, John,
3970:countrystudies.us
3908:978-0-7864-0404-9
3587:. pp. 88–89.
3481:between 1951–1969
3226:Charge d'Affaires
3149:. These were the
3115:Republic of Korea
3107:Ho Chi Minh trail
2947:
2946:
2794:Foreign relations
2384:Central Highlands
2349:August Revolution
2345:Hanoi Opera House
2318:August Revolution
2254:Geneva Conference
2163:political culture
2059:and the southern
2036:with Diệm as its
1954:Geneva Conference
1902:August Revolution
1853:: 越南民主共和), was a
1829:, officially the
1824:
1823:
1705:
1704:
1687:Sip Song Chau Tai
1568:
1567:
1541:
1527:
1481:
1457:
1456:
1449:Empire of Vietnam
1388:
1387:
1241:
1240:
1174:
1173:
1143:Hồng Bàng dynasty
1124:
1123:
1110:(1,000 BC–200 AD)
1100:(1,000 BC–100 AD)
1080:1,500 BC–1,000 BC
1070:2,000 BC–1,500 BC
1045:4,000 BC–3,000 BC
1035:8,000 BC–6,000 BC
1031:Quỳnh Văn culture
921:
920:
880:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:
830:
829:
807:Empire of Vietnam
748:• Per capita
742:4,113 million USD
468:August Revolution
441:National Assembly
422:• 1955–1975
410:• 1945–1955
380:• 1969–1975
368:• 1945–1969
338:• 1960–1975
326:• 1956–1960
314:• 1945–1956
162:territory claimed
7686:
7456:
7455:
7313:
7312:
7103:
7102:
7098:socialist states
6977:African-American
6819:
6812:
6805:
6796:
6795:
6772:
6765:
6430:
6429:
6338:
6337:
6169:Renewable energy
6159:
6151:
6129:
6128:
6036:
6035:
5835:
5834:
5807:Fatherland Front
5790:
5789:
5656:
5655:
5577:
5576:
5509:
5508:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5423:
5422:
5415:
5394:Preceded by
5391:
5390:
5370:
5355:
5353:
5316:
5295:
5274:
5253:
5222:
5215:
5209:
5202:
5196:
5193:
5187:
5184:
5178:
5175:
5166:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5112:
5106:Porter, Gareth.
5103:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5083:
5074:
5068:
5055:
5049:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5009:
5003:
5002:
4991:
4985:
4978:
4972:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4904:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4877:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4834:
4828:
4821:
4812:
4809:
4803:
4793:
4787:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4656:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4603:
4597:
4580:
4574:
4557:
4551:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4509:
4503:
4488:
4482:
4481:. p. 159/160/190
4467:
4461:
4460:
4440:
4434:
4427:
4421:
4406:
4400:
4389:Cold War History
4385:
4376:
4369:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4351:
4344:
4332:
4326:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4276:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4259:
4253:
4246:
4240:
4237:
4231:
4215:
4209:
4197:Pentagon Papers
4195:
4189:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4033:
4023:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3962:
3956:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3888:
3882:
3875:
3866:
3842:
3836:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3667:
3661:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3565:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3511:
3491:
3488:
3482:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3460:
3445:French Indochina
3437:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3411:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3363:
2910:Ukrainian S.S.R.
2798:
2797:
2679:
2497:reoccupied Hanoi
2221:
2216:
2195:Names of Vietnam
2181:in 1986 and the
2144:economic decline
2122:The Vietnam War
2020:government held
2013:State of Vietnam
1966:State of Vietnam
1938:aftermath of WW2
1916:, leader of the
1875:State of Vietnam
1816:
1809:
1802:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1583:
1582:
1539:
1525:
1500:State of Vietnam
1479:
1472:
1471:
1438:French Indochina
1403:
1402:
1340:Later Lê dynasty
1300:Later Lý dynasty
1290:Early Lê dynasty
1256:
1255:
1223:Early Lý dynasty
1189:
1188:
1149:
1139:
1138:
1106:Sa Huỳnh culture
1096:Dong Son culture
1076:Đồng Đậu culture
964:
963:
951:
941:
923:
922:
917:
916:
915:
914:
899:
898:
882:
881:
868:
867:
850:
849:
842:French Indochina
834:
833:
825:French Indochina
817:
816:
799:
798:
792:
791:
776:
775:
729:
679:
608:
584:2 September 1969
577:• Death of
545:
544:19 December 1946
539:
510:
499:2 September 1945
288:Marxist–Leninist
270:North Vietnamese
225:
224:
222:
221:
220:
215:
211:
208:
207:
206:
203:
188:and largest city
154:
142:
141:
124:
123:
101:
85:
67:
66:
58:
46:
45:
21:Northern Vietnam
7694:
7693:
7689:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7684:
7683:
7609:
7608:
7607:
7602:
7585:
7566:Slovakia (1919)
7466:Alsace-Lorraine
7454:
7382:
7311:
7218:
7187:
7096:
7090:
7019:
6998:
6829:
6823:
6793:
6788:
6775:
6768:
6761:
6744:
6527:
6428:
6414:Public holidays
6397:Sex trafficking
6323:
6300:
6196:Five-Year Plans
6157:
6149:
6110:
6085:
6083:Public Security
6077:
6034:
6007:
6003:Military Courts
5969:
5936:
5891:
5839:Communist Party
5833:
5771:
5697:
5693:Electoral units
5654:
5611:Protected areas
5562:
5541:French colonial
5507:
5459:
5450:
5416:
5411:
5405:
5399:
5386:Wayback Machine
5363:
5358:
5342:
5313:
5292:
5271:
5250:
5231:
5229:Further reading
5226:
5225:
5216:
5212:
5203:
5199:
5194:
5190:
5185:
5181:
5176:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5153:
5145:. p. 103.
5133:
5129:
5119:
5117:
5110:
5104:
5100:
5090:
5088:
5081:
5075:
5071:
5065:Wayback Machine
5056:
5052:
5043:
5039:
5010:
5006:
4995:"North Vietnam"
4993:
4992:
4988:
4979:
4975:
4966:
4962:
4943:
4918:
4914:
4898:
4897:
4890:
4888:
4878:
4857:
4847:
4845:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4822:
4815:
4810:
4806:
4794:
4790:
4781:
4777:
4770:
4762:. p. 128.
4752:
4748:
4743:
4739:
4728:
4724:
4713:
4709:
4677:
4657:
4648:
4638:
4636:
4604:
4600:
4590:Wayback Machine
4581:
4577:
4567:Wayback Machine
4558:
4554:
4544:Wayback Machine
4536:Senauth, Frank
4535:
4531:
4524:
4510:
4506:
4489:
4485:
4468:
4464:
4441:
4437:
4428:
4424:
4407:
4403:
4386:
4379:
4370:
4366:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4342:
4333:
4329:
4323:Wayback Machine
4313:
4309:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4274:
4270:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4227:Wayback Machine
4217:Fall, Bernard,
4216:
4212:
4206:Wayback Machine
4199:Pentagon Papers
4196:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4156:10.2307/1890195
4134:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4094:
4092:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4071:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4024:
4017:
4007:
4005:
3988:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3928:
3918:
3916:
3909:
3889:
3885:
3876:
3869:
3863:Wayback Machine
3852:Wayback Machine
3843:
3839:
3833:Wayback Machine
3824:
3820:
3813:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3770:
3766:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3721:
3717:
3710:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3668:
3664:
3658:Wayback Machine
3646:
3642:
3632:
3630:
3629:. 20 April 2016
3621:
3620:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3596:
3592:
3581:
3577:
3572:. January 1968.
3563:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3544:
3542:
3532:10.2307/1534398
3520:Magali Barbieri
3512:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3428:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3408:
3403:
3395:Captive Nations
3380:
3373:
3366:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3347:
3309:
3300:
3292:Main articles:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3250:Kingdom of Laos
3217:French language
3169:
3163:
3139:Kingdom of Laos
3103:communist party
3091:
3081:
3063:in Hanoi, 1975.
3016:Josip Broz Tito
2803:
2796:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2655:
2649:
2638:Joseph Stalin's
2634:
2629:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2575:Edward Lansdale
2535:
2525:
2458:
2452:
2435:Nguyễn Thái Học
2358:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2262:
2214:
2197:
2191:
2167:economic system
2117:swiftly overrun
2055:, the northern
2038:first president
2026:electoral fraud
1929:could command.
1855:socialist state
1820:
1784:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1580:
1570:
1569:
1538:
1524:
1478:
1469:
1459:
1458:
1400:
1390:
1389:
1370:Tây Sơn dynasty
1253:
1243:
1242:
1186:
1176:
1175:
1136:
1126:
1125:
1021:Bắc Sơn culture
961:
939:
932:
865:
859:
847:
841:
824:
814:
806:
796:
766:
749:
739:
723:
707:
697:
687:
674:
622:
609:
604:
597:27 January 1973
594:
581:
571:1 November 1955
568:
555:
543:
540:
534:
524:
511:
506:
496:
483:
470:
423:
411:
381:
369:
339:
327:
315:
278:
241:Official script
218:
216:
212:
209:
204:
201:
199:
197:
196:
195:
189:
179:Sovereign state
177:
165:
144:
126:
111:
110:
109:
106:
102:
94:
93:
91:
86:
68:
60:
53:
51:
42:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7692:
7682:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7639:Indochina Wars
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7604:
7603:
7598:
7595:
7594:
7591:
7590:
7587:
7586:
7584:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7546:Hungary (1919)
7543:
7538:
7533:
7532:
7531:
7526:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7492:
7491:
7486:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7462:
7460:
7453:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7421:
7420:
7415:
7413:Czech Republic
7408:Czechoslovakia
7405:
7400:
7394:
7392:
7388:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7348:Inner Mongolia
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7328:East Turkestan
7325:
7319:
7317:
7310:
7309:
7308:
7307:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7256:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7237:
7232:
7226:
7224:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7195:
7193:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7149:
7148:
7143:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7109:
7107:
7100:
7092:
7091:
7089:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7027:
7025:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7017:
7012:
7010:United Kingdom
7006:
7004:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6996:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6981:
6980:
6979:
6969:
6967:United Kingdom
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6903:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6891:
6890:
6877:
6872:
6871:
6870:
6860:
6855:
6854:
6853:
6843:
6837:
6835:
6831:
6830:
6822:
6821:
6814:
6807:
6799:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6781:
6774:
6773:
6766:
6758:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6710:
6709:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6668:
6667:
6666:
6661:
6651:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6624:
6623:
6622:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6585:
6575:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6537:
6535:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6501:Folk religions
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6449:
6438:
6436:
6427:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6376:hybrid variant
6364:
6354:
6353:
6352:
6341:
6335:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6319:Rail transport
6316:
6310:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6220:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6208:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6182:
6181:
6179:Power stations
6176:
6171:
6161:
6153:
6150:("Renovation")
6143:
6138:
6132:
6126:
6120:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6092:
6090:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6053:
6042:
6040:
6033:
6032:
6027:
6021:
6019:
6013:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5979:
5977:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5920:Prime Minister
5917:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5908:Vice President
5899:
5897:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5843:
5841:
5832:
5831:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5781:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5762:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5707:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5683:District-level
5680:
5675:
5673:Municipalities
5670:
5664:
5662:
5653:
5652:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5616:National parks
5608:
5603:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5594:Climate change
5586:
5580:
5574:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5517:
5515:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5469:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5449:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5426:
5418:
5417:
5410:
5407:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5376:
5362:
5361:External links
5359:
5357:
5356:
5340:
5317:
5311:
5296:
5290:
5275:
5269:
5254:
5248:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5210:
5197:
5188:
5179:
5167:
5165:Balazs, p. 401
5158:
5151:
5127:
5098:
5069:
5050:
5037:
5004:
4986:
4973:
4960:
4942:978-0877271222
4941:
4912:
4855:
4829:
4813:
4804:
4788:
4775:
4768:
4746:
4737:
4722:
4707:
4676:978-0549383758
4675:
4665:(PhD thesis).
4646:
4620:(2): 236–257.
4598:
4575:
4552:
4550:, 2012, p. 54.
4529:
4522:
4504:
4483:
4462:
4435:
4422:
4401:
4377:
4364:
4327:
4307:
4305:, p. 415.
4295:
4286:
4277:
4268:
4254:
4252:(1955), p. 44.
4241:
4232:
4210:
4190:
4181:
4150:(2): 353–368.
4128:
4102:
4076:
4070:978-1845454524
4069:
4051:
4045:978-1576074169
4044:
4015:
3982:
3957:
3951:Julia Lovell,
3944:
3942:Tucker, p.366.
3935:
3926:
3907:
3883:
3867:
3837:
3818:
3811:
3791:
3784:
3764:
3752:
3745:
3715:
3708:
3690:
3683:
3662:
3640:
3614:
3590:
3575:
3552:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3483:
3470:
3461:
3455:controlling a
3431:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3416:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3371:
3368:Vietnam portal
3355:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3331:Edwin E. Moise
3308:
3305:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3267:Main article:
3264:
3261:
3165:Main article:
3162:
3159:
3143:Khmer Republic
3080:
3077:
2996:Eastern Europe
2963:Young Pioneers
2945:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2878:Czechoslovakia
2863:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2685:
2682:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2656:
2651:Main article:
2648:
2645:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2609:fall of Saigon
2604:
2601:
2593:
2590:
2582:
2579:
2524:
2521:
2451:
2448:
2426:Võ Nguyên Giáp
2415:Trần Trọng Kim
2357:
2356:Early republic
2354:
2302:Nguyễn dynasty
2277:
2274:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2193:Main article:
2190:
2187:
2148:refugee crises
2009:United Nations
1979:consisting of
1964:non-communist
1912:revolutionary
1859:Southeast Asia
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1771:Indochina Wars
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1677:Jarai kingdoms
1673:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1550:Subsidy period
1546:
1545:
1542:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1380:Nguyễn dynasty
1376:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1086:Gò Mun culture
1082:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1041:Đa Bút culture
1037:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1005:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
985:
984:
981:
979:Sơn Vi culture
975:
974:
972:
962:
957:
956:
953:
952:
944:
943:
934:
933:
926:
919:
918:
907:
901:
900:
893:
887:
886:
878:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
862:
852:
851:
844:
831:
828:
827:
818:
810:
809:
800:
788:
787:
782:
772:
771:
761:
757:
756:
750:
747:
744:
743:
740:
737:
734:
733:
730:
716:
715:
712:
711:
708:
705:
702:
701:
698:
695:
692:
691:
688:
685:
682:
681:
675:
672:
669:
668:
665:
664:
660:
659:
656:
652:
651:
648:
644:
643:
640:
636:
635:
631:
630:
627:
626:
623:
617:
614:
613:
610:
602:
599:
598:
595:
589:
586:
585:
582:
576:
573:
572:
569:
563:
560:
559:
556:
553:Geneva Accords
550:
547:
546:
541:
532:
529:
528:
525:
519:
516:
515:
514:6 January 1946
512:
504:
501:
500:
497:
494:State declared
491:
488:
487:
486:25 August 1945
484:
478:
475:
474:
473:19 August 1945
471:
465:
462:
461:
458:
457:
448:
447:Historical era
444:
443:
438:
434:
433:
430:
429:
424:
421:
418:
417:
412:
409:
406:
405:
402:
401:
398:
396:Prime Minister
392:
391:
388:
387:
382:
379:
376:
375:
370:
367:
364:
363:
360:
359:
356:
350:
349:
346:
345:
340:
337:
334:
333:
328:
325:
322:
321:
316:
313:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
296:
295:
284:
280:
279:
277:
276:
271:
267:
265:
259:
258:
253:
249:
248:
243:
237:
236:
231:
227:
226:
190:
187:
183:
182:
171:
167:
166:
155:
147:
146:
129:
128:
113:
112:
103:
96:
95:
87:
80:
79:
78:
75:
74:
70:
69:
52:
49:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7691:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7619:North Vietnam
7617:
7616:
7614:
7601:
7596:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7519:
7517:
7516:Crimea (1919)
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7481:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7457:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7389:
7379:
7378:South Vietnam
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7314:
7306:
7305:North Vietnam
7303:
7302:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7221:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7190:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7093:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7028:
7026:
7022:
7016:
7015:United States
7013:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7001:
6995:
6992:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6978:
6975:
6974:
6973:
6972:United States
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6889:
6886:
6885:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6869:
6866:
6865:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6852:
6851:New Australia
6849:
6848:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6838:
6836:
6832:
6827:
6820:
6815:
6813:
6808:
6806:
6801:
6800:
6797:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6771:
6767:
6764:
6760:
6759:
6755:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6714:
6711:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6672:
6669:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6652:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6625:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6536:
6534:
6530:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6481:Ethnic groups
6479:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6431:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6375:
6372:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6355:
6351:
6348:
6347:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6330:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6314:Air transport
6312:
6311:
6309:
6307:
6303:
6297:
6294:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6272:
6268:
6265:
6264:
6263:
6260:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6201:Manufacturing
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6191:Foreign trade
6189:
6187:
6184:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6174:Nuclear power
6172:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6154:
6152:
6148:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6121:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6089:
6084:
6080:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6048:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6037:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6018:
6014:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5988:Chief Justice
5986:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5972:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5939:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5909:
5906:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5894:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5842:
5840:
5836:
5830:
5827:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5782:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5753:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5743:South Central
5741:
5739:
5738:North Central
5736:
5735:
5734:
5731:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5688:Commune-level
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5661:
5657:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5557:
5556:South Vietnam
5554:
5552:
5551:North Vietnam
5549:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5447:
5442:
5440:
5435:
5433:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5414:
5404:
5398:
5392:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5373:North Vietnam
5369:
5365:
5364:
5352:
5347:
5343:
5341:9780824884475
5337:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5318:
5314:
5312:9781316222591
5308:
5304:
5303:
5297:
5293:
5291:9780520956551
5287:
5283:
5282:
5276:
5272:
5270:9780520954977
5266:
5262:
5261:
5255:
5251:
5249:9780807882696
5245:
5241:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5220:
5214:
5207:
5201:
5192:
5183:
5174:
5172:
5162:
5154:
5152:9781139489010
5148:
5144:
5140:
5139:
5131:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5054:
5047:
5041:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5008:
5000:
4999:Alpha History
4996:
4990:
4983:
4977:
4970:
4964:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4916:
4908:
4902:
4887:
4883:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4826:
4820:
4818:
4808:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4785:
4779:
4771:
4769:9780804730495
4765:
4761:
4757:
4750:
4741:
4733:
4726:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4579:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4556:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4533:
4525:
4519:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4426:
4419:
4418:0-7425-4447-8
4415:
4411:
4405:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4382:
4374:
4368:
4348:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4311:
4304:
4299:
4290:
4281:
4272:
4264:
4258:
4251:
4245:
4236:
4230:(1956), p. 9.
4229:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4194:
4185:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4132:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4072:
4066:
4062:
4055:
4047:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4022:
4020:
4003:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3986:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3954:
3948:
3939:
3930:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3887:
3880:
3874:
3872:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3841:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3822:
3814:
3812:9780824887865
3808:
3804:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3785:9781107110199
3781:
3777:
3776:
3768:
3761:
3756:
3748:
3746:9780230101999
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3719:
3711:
3709:9782846540643
3705:
3701:
3694:
3686:
3684:9782846540643
3680:
3676:
3675:
3666:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3644:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3603:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3579:
3571:
3570:
3562:
3556:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3510:
3508:
3503:
3487:
3480:
3474:
3465:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3432:
3420:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3372:
3369:
3358:
3351:
3342:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3327:Gareth Porter
3323:
3317:
3314:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3079:South Vietnam
3076:
3074:
3073:Gough Whitlam
3070:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2988:South Vietnam
2980:
2975:
2968:
2964:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2813:Nation/State
2812:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2799:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2706:(Vietnamese:
2705:
2704:
2695:
2694:United States
2690:
2680:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2603:Reunification
2599:
2588:
2587:Tôn Đức Thắng
2578:
2576:
2572:
2571:Ngo Dinh Diem
2568:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2544:
2543:Bến Hải River
2539:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2509:standing army
2506:
2502:
2498:
2495:, the French
2494:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2477:Tôn Đức Thắng
2474:
2470:
2462:
2457:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2312:. Soon after
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2290:
2282:
2272:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2067:. To prevent
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2017:Ngô Đình Diệm
2014:
2010:
2006:
2005:United States
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1970:South Vietnam
1967:
1963:
1959:
1958:17th parallel
1955:
1951:
1947:
1946:guerrilla war
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1908:, Vietnamese
1907:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1827:North Vietnam
1817:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1522:South Vietnam
1520:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1476:North Vietnam
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1427:French Tonkin
1425:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1170:204 BC–111 BC
1169:
1167:
1166:Triệu dynasty
1164:
1163:
1160:257 BC–179 BC
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1116:Óc Eo culture
1114:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
992:
991:
987:
986:
982:
980:
977:
976:
973:
971:
970:
966:
965:
960:
955:
954:
950:
946:
945:
942:
936:
935:
930:
925:
924:
908:
906:
902:
894:
892:
888:
883:
863:
861:
858:
854:
853:
845:
843:
840:
836:
835:
832:
826:
823:
819:
812:
811:
808:
805:
801:
794:
793:
790:
789:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
773:
769:
765:
762:
758:
754:
751:
745:
741:
735:
731:
727:
721:
717:
713:
709:
703:
699:
693:
689:
683:
676:
670:
666:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
628:
624:
621:
615:
612:30 April 1975
611:
607:
606:Reunification
600:
596:
593:
587:
583:
580:
574:
570:
567:
561:
557:
554:
548:
542:
538:
537:Indochina War
535:Start of the
530:
526:
523:
517:
513:
509:
502:
498:
495:
489:
485:
482:
476:
472:
469:
463:
459:
456:
452:
449:
445:
442:
439:
435:
431:
428:
427:Phạm Văn Đồng
425:
419:
416:
413:
407:
403:
399:
397:
393:
389:
386:
385:Tôn Đức Thắng
383:
377:
374:
371:
365:
361:
357:
355:
351:
347:
344:
341:
335:
332:
329:
323:
320:
317:
311:
307:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
275:
272:
269:
268:
266:
264:
260:
257:
256:State atheism
254:
250:
247:
244:
242:
238:
235:
232:
228:
223:
194:
191:
184:
180:
175:
172:
168:
163:
159:
153:
148:
140:
134:
130:
118:
114:
108:
100:
90:
84:
76:
71:
64:
57:
47:
44:
40:
36:
29:
22:
7476:Baranya–Baja
7445:Soviet Union
7425:East Germany
7304:
7123:Burkina Faso
6723:Martial arts
6546:Architecture
6516:Christianity
6434:Demographics
6392:Prostitution
6350:Universities
6296:Water supply
6146:
6056:Border Guard
6051:Ground Force
6039:Armed forces
5817:Human rights
5802:Constitution
5765:Mekong Delta
5550:
5402:
5351:j.ctv105bb0z
5322:
5301:
5280:
5259:
5238:
5218:
5213:
5205:
5200:
5191:
5182:
5161:
5137:
5130:
5118:. Retrieved
5114:
5101:
5089:. Retrieved
5085:
5072:
5053:
5045:
5040:
5023:
5017:
5007:
4998:
4989:
4981:
4976:
4968:
4963:
4955:Google Books
4953:– via
4925:
4915:
4889:. Retrieved
4846:. Retrieved
4832:
4824:
4807:
4796:
4791:
4783:
4778:
4755:
4749:
4740:
4731:
4725:
4716:
4710:
4697:Google Books
4695:– via
4661:
4637:. Retrieved
4617:
4611:
4601:
4593:
4578:
4570:
4555:
4547:
4532:
4513:
4507:
4491:
4486:
4470:
4465:
4448:
4444:
4438:
4430:
4425:
4409:
4404:
4388:
4372:
4367:
4354:. Retrieved
4330:
4310:
4298:
4289:
4280:
4271:
4257:
4249:
4244:
4239:Fall, p. 10.
4235:
4218:
4213:
4193:
4184:
4174:– via
4147:
4141:
4131:
4119:. Retrieved
4105:
4093:. Retrieved
4079:
4060:
4054:
4029:
4006:. Retrieved
3995:
3985:
3973:. Retrieved
3969:
3960:
3952:
3947:
3938:
3929:
3917:. Retrieved
3893:
3886:
3878:
3840:
3821:
3801:
3794:
3774:
3767:
3755:
3728:
3718:
3699:
3693:
3673:
3665:
3649:
3643:
3631:. Retrieved
3626:
3617:
3605:. Retrieved
3600:
3593:
3584:
3578:
3567:
3555:
3543:. Retrieved
3523:
3519:
3486:
3478:
3473:
3464:
3448:
3435:
3419:
3409:
3348:
3335:
3318:
3310:
3301:
3278:
3258:
3243:
3240:
3224:
3205:
3190:
3135:American War
3134:
3127:Soviet Union
3092:
3066:
3039:Algerian War
3030:
3029:rather than
3026:
3020:
3000:Central Asia
2992:Soviet Union
2984:
2902:Soviet Union
2886:East Germany
2852:Americas (1)
2822:Maoist China
2801:
2716:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2676:
2658:
2635:
2632:Constitution
2606:
2556:
2486:
2444:
2419:
2403:Constitution
2392:
2359:
2310:World War II
2306:protectorate
2300:founded the
2295:
2249:
2238:
2210:
2209:
2198:
2160:Soviet-style
2154:in 1977 and
2121:
2079:forces from
2077:Western Bloc
2053:Soviet Union
2042:
1974:
1961:
1931:
1906:World War II
1899:
1871:Eastern Bloc
1846:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1647:Dali Kingdom
1637:Khmer Empire
1564:1986–present
1509:
1475:
1436:
1417:French Annam
1310:Trần dynasty
1280:Đinh dynasty
1197:111 BC–40 AD
1156:Thục dynasty
1090:1,000–800 BC
1050:
1009:
988:
967:
856:
838:
821:
803:
785:Succeeded by
784:
779:
770:(until 1948)
738:• Total
706:• 1974
696:• 1968
686:• 1955
673:• 1945
558:22 July 1954
527:6 March 1946
319:Trường Chinh
294:(after 1954)
145:"Army March"
139:Tiến Quân Ca
132:
117:Motto:
116:
43:
7644:Vietnam War
7459:Short-lived
7316:Short-lived
7285:South Yemen
7270:North Korea
7230:Afghanistan
6947:New Zealand
6942:Netherlands
6686:Nationalism
6637:News Agency
6588:Ingredients
6279:Expressways
6267:Visa policy
6233:Measurement
6186:Foreign aid
6136:Agriculture
6073:Coast Guard
5941:Legislative
5536:Monarchical
5521:Prehistoric
4303:Marr (2013)
3760:Marr (2013)
3633:10 December
3545:10 November
3382:Asia portal
3338:Ho Chi Minh
3288:Land reform
3232:Võ Văn Sung
3208:Vietnam War
3206:During the
3155:Khmer Rouge
3131:Vietnam War
3085:Vietnam War
3004:North Korea
2967:East Berlin
2938:Oceania (1)
2862:Europe (13)
2846:South Yemen
2780:Tuyên Quang
2765:Thái Nguyên
2598:Vietnam War
2473:Ho Chi Minh
2440:Trotskyists
2422:Hồ Chí Minh
2395:Hồ Chí Minh
2376:Cochinchina
2347:during the
2326:Hồ Chí Minh
2271:Ho Chi Minh
2152:Khmer Rouge
2101:Khmer Rouge
2081:South Korea
2075:along with
2045:Vietnam War
2003:blocs. The
1993:non-aligned
1914:Hồ Chí Minh
1900:During the
1741:Immigration
1721:Agriculture
1350:Mạc dynasty
1260:Ngô dynasty
969:Paleolithic
959:Prehistoric
938:History of
780:Preceded by
710:23,800,000
700:18,700,000
690:16,100,000
625:2 July 1976
579:Ho Chi Minh
566:Vietnam War
437:Legislature
415:Hồ Chí Minh
373:Hồ Chí Minh
331:Hồ Chí Minh
217: /
205:105°51′15″E
181:(1954–1976)
176:(1945–1954)
107:(1955–1976)
92:(1955–1976)
7613:Categories
7571:Tarnobrzeg
7496:Bessarabia
7450:Yugoslavia
7173:Seychelles
7168:Mozambique
7163:Madagascar
7086:Vietnamese
7081:Venezuelan
7071:Nicaraguan
7066:Melanesian
6983:Venezuela
6895:Kuomintang
6888:since 1978
6858:Bangladesh
6834:By country
6828:by country
6696:Trotskyism
6671:Philosophy
6647:Newspapers
6632:Television
6627:Mass media
6615:Literature
6407:Corruption
6255:Censorship
6238:Inventions
6211:Automotive
6158:(currency)
5915:Government
5797:Censorship
5601:Ecoregions
5406:1945–1976
4891:19 October
4693:1194711977
4433:. Vintage.
4008:14 October
3607:3 November
3526:(3): 625.
3498:References
3457:rump state
3449:hậu phương
3273:See also:
3228:ad interim
3151:Pathet Lao
3012:Yugoslavia
2920:Africa (3)
2914:Yugoslavia
2708:Khu tự trị
2607:After the
2513:Korean War
2177:until the
2111:, and the
1999:, and the
1997:capitalist
1904:following
1839:Vietnamese
1320:Hồ dynasty
1120:(1–630 AD)
1000:Hoabinhian
990:Mesolithic
680:20 million
663:Population
290:one-party
283:Government
274:Vietnamese
263:Demonym(s)
234:Vietnamese
202:21°01′42″N
63:Vietnamese
7529:1939–1940
7484:1918–1919
7253:1982–1992
7248:1979–1992
7243:1975–1979
7239:Cambodia
7214:Nicaragua
7146:1987–1991
7141:1974–1987
7137:Ethiopia
7076:Tanzanian
6957:Sri Lanka
6900:Hong Kong
6883:Communist
6846:Australia
6841:Argentina
6826:Socialism
6691:Socialism
6681:Communism
6676:Anarchism
6605:Festivals
6566:Animation
6469:Phonology
6345:Education
6306:Transport
6274:Transport
6206:Standards
6068:Air Force
5975:Judiciary
5965:Elections
5932:Ministers
5903:President
5896:Executive
5872:Politburo
5760:Southeast
5726:Northwest
5721:Northeast
5668:Provinces
5660:Divisions
5572:Geography
5478:Dynasties
4951:645822469
4685:0419-4209
4639:26 August
4634:0022-4634
4164:0021-8723
3322:Politburo
3275:Viet Cong
3246:Vientiane
3147:Indochina
3133:, or the
3099:Viet Cong
3089:Viet Cong
3002:, China,
2942:Australia
2567:Catholics
2363:Việt Minh
2341:Viet Minh
2246:Minh Mạng
2239:Southern
2189:Etymology
2185:in 1991.
2138:. In the
2085:Australia
2001:communist
1918:Việt Minh
1910:communist
1891:the south
1726:Dynasties
1701:1707–1832
1691:1600–1954
1681:1100–1904
1671:1061–1432
1667:Ngưu Hống
1661:1042–1052
1554:1975–1986
1544:1969–1976
1530:1955–1975
1516:1954–1976
1504:1949–1955
1494:1948–1949
1484:1945–1976
1384:1802–1945
1374:1778–1802
1364:1533–1789
1354:1527–1592
1344:1428–1527
1334:1407–1427
1324:1400–1407
1314:1225–1400
1304:1009–1225
1184:Dominated
1056:Iron Ages
1011:Neolithic
354:President
252:Religion
73:1945–1976
7581:Würzburg
7556:Naissaar
7520:Finland
7480:Bavaria
7418:Slovakia
7403:Bulgaria
7333:Far East
7280:Mongolia
7192:Americas
7056:European
6987:Chavismo
6952:Pakistan
6779:Category
6573:Clothing
6506:Buddhism
6496:Religion
6464:Alphabet
6459:Language
6387:Gambling
6367:COVID-19
6362:HIV/AIDS
6289:Airports
6284:Railways
6250:Internet
6101:Security
6017:Military
5960:Chairman
5785:Politics
5755:Southern
5711:Northern
5638:Molluscs
5623:Wildlife
5546:Republic
5513:Timeline
5493:Monarchs
5488:Military
5483:Economic
5473:Capitals
5457:articles
5382:Archived
5061:Archived
4901:cite web
4842:Archived
4586:Archived
4563:Archived
4540:Archived
4347:Archived
4319:Archived
4223:Archived
4202:Archived
4115:Archived
4095:28 April
4089:Archived
4002:Archived
3919:5 August
3913:Archived
3859:Archived
3848:Archived
3829:Archived
3654:Archived
3479:Chairman
3354:See also
3263:Military
3153:and the
3125:and the
3119:Thailand
3111:advisors
3027:de facto
2981:in 1957.
2870:Bulgaria
2838:Mongolia
2818:Asia (5)
2775:Hà Giang
2760:Lạng Sơn
2755:Cao Bằng
2742:Nghĩa Lộ
2732:Lai Châu
2517:Cold War
2499:and the
2320:entered
2298:Gia Long
2228:Nam Việt
2224:Gia Long
2211:Việt Nam
2173:such as
2105:Cambodia
2099:and the
2089:Thailand
2051:and the
1751:Monarchs
1746:Military
1714:By topic
1651:937–1253
1641:802–1431
1601:192–1832
1467:Republic
1398:Colonial
1294:980–1009
1251:Dynastic
929:a series
927:Part of
760:Currency
455:Cold War
286:Unitary
7551:Ireland
7541:Galicia
7440:Romania
7398:Albania
7353:Jiangxi
7300:Vietnam
7204:Grenada
7178:Somalia
7061:Israeli
7051:Chinese
7046:Burmese
7041:British
7031:African
7003:History
6994:Vietnam
6962:Tunisia
6912:Finland
6907:Estonia
6763:Outline
6735:Theater
6730:Symbols
6578:Cuisine
6533:Culture
6447:Eunuchs
6333:Society
6262:Tourism
6218:Poverty
6147:Doi Moi
6141:Banking
6124:Economy
6088:Militia
5733:Central
5703:Regions
5628:Mammals
5589:Climate
5584:Borders
5526:Ancient
5465:History
5453:Vietnam
5001:. 2020.
4848:11 June
4596:, 1998.
4573:, p. 4.
4420:. p. 45
4356:6 April
4172:1890195
3540:1534398
3414:famine.
3307:Results
3283:Economy
3035:Algeria
3031:de jure
2924:Algeria
2898:Romania
2890:Hungary
2866:Albania
2810:Region
2770:Bắc Cạn
2430:Vietnam
2351:, 1945.
2260:History
2250:Đại Nam
2175:COMECON
2030:Bảo Đại
1962:de jure
1920:Front,
1887:unified
1851:chữ Nôm
1731:Economy
1631:738–902
1627:Nanzhao
1621:550–781
1611:300–800
1560:Đổi Mới
1284:968–980
1274:965–968
1264:939–965
1237:602–938
1227:544–602
1150:–258 BC
1148:2879 BC
1134:Ancient
940:Vietnam
905:Chữ Hán
860:Vietnam
618:•
603:•
590:•
551:•
533:•
520:•
505:•
492:•
479:•
466:•
343:Lê Duẩn
186:Capital
135: "
133:Anthem:
35:Vietnam
7561:Saxony
7506:Bremen
7435:Poland
7391:Europe
7358:Kuwait
7338:Fujian
7153:Guinea
7113:Angola
7106:Africa
6922:Greece
6917:France
6879:China
6875:Canada
6868:Lulism
6863:Brazil
6784:Portal
6713:Sports
6620:Poetry
6600:Emblem
6583:Dishes
6561:Cinema
6556:Awards
6541:Anthem
6511:Taoism
6491:Racism
6442:People
6357:Health
6164:Energy
6096:Police
5678:Cities
5455:
5348:
5338:
5309:
5288:
5267:
5246:
5149:
5120:1 July
5091:1 July
4949:
4939:
4766:
4691:
4683:
4673:
4632:
4520:
4498:
4477:
4416:
4170:
4162:
4121:17 May
4067:
4042:
3975:6 June
3905:
3809:
3782:
3743:
3706:
3681:
3538:
3185:France
3071:under
3057:UNICEF
3006:, and
2969:, 1957
2906:Sweden
2894:Poland
2882:France
2737:Sơn La
1995:, the
1989:Poland
1987:, and
1985:Canada
1847:VNDCCH
1617:Chenla
1597:Champa
1591:68–627
1217:43–544
1052:Bronze
931:on the
913:越南民主共和
722:
400:
358:
304:
170:Status
105:Emblem
59:
7576:Užice
7511:Bihać
7471:Banat
7343:Gilan
7290:Syria
7260:China
7235:Burma
7209:Chile
7183:Sudan
7158:Libya
7133:Egypt
7118:Benin
6937:Italy
6927:India
6770:Index
6659:V-pop
6654:Music
6642:Voice
6595:Dance
6521:Islam
6424:Women
6382:Crime
6371:Delta
6156:Đồng
5633:Birds
5503:Naval
5498:Names
5346:JSTOR
5111:(PDF)
5082:(PDF)
4350:(PDF)
4343:(PDF)
4176:JSTOR
4168:JSTOR
3564:(PDF)
3536:JSTOR
3401:Notes
3236:Hanoi
3213:Paris
3181:Paris
3177:Japan
3161:Japan
3023:India
2965:near
2932:Libya
2928:Congo
2842:Syria
2826:India
2397:held
2322:Hanoi
2156:China
2049:China
1981:India
1889:with
1766:Women
1761:Naval
1756:Names
1587:Funan
1207:40–43
857:1976:
839:1946:
822:1954:
804:1945:
193:Hanoi
7524:1918
7489:1919
7295:Tuva
7275:Laos
7265:Iraq
7223:Asia
7199:Cuba
7036:Arab
6932:Iran
6610:Flag
6486:Name
6419:Time
6374:cron
6369:and
6086:and
6063:Navy
6046:Army
5822:LGBT
5336:ISBN
5307:ISBN
5286:ISBN
5265:ISBN
5244:ISBN
5147:ISBN
5122:2023
5093:2023
4947:OCLC
4937:ISBN
4907:link
4893:2022
4850:2008
4764:ISBN
4689:OCLC
4681:ISSN
4671:ISBN
4641:2024
4630:ISSN
4518:ISBN
4496:ISBN
4475:ISBN
4414:ISBN
4358:2007
4160:ISSN
4123:2009
4097:2010
4065:ISBN
4040:ISBN
4010:2023
3977:2023
3921:2016
3903:ISBN
3807:ISBN
3780:ISBN
3741:ISBN
3704:ISBN
3679:ISBN
3635:2017
3609:2020
3547:2021
3296:and
3141:and
3123:DPRK
3087:and
3047:PRG.
3008:Cuba
2998:and
2856:Cuba
2830:Iraq
2531:and
2241:Việt
2115:was
2097:Laos
2087:and
1867:1954
1453:1945
1054:and
768:cash
764:đồng
655:1968
647:1955
639:1945
634:Area
89:Flag
6551:Art
5829:Law
5328:doi
5028:doi
4622:doi
4453:doi
4393:doi
4152:doi
3733:doi
3528:doi
3254:yen
2643:.
2230:" (
2207:".
2103:in
2095:in
1857:in
1835:DRV
726:PPP
720:GDP
7615::
5344:.
5334:.
5170:^
5141:.
5113:.
5084:.
5024:10
5022:.
5016:.
4997:.
4945:.
4928:.
4924:.
4903:}}
4899:{{
4884:.
4858:^
4840:.
4816:^
4758:.
4687:.
4679:.
4649:^
4628:.
4618:45
4616:.
4610:.
4592:,
4569:,
4546:,
4447:.
4380:^
4345:.
4338:.
4166:.
4158:.
4148:59
4146:.
4140:.
4113:.
4038:.
4036:38
4018:^
4000:.
3994:.
3968:.
3911:.
3901:.
3899:11
3870:^
3739:.
3647:'
3625:.
3566:.
3534:.
3524:50
3522:.
3518:.
3506:^
3320:A
3248:,
3183:,
3117:,
3055:A
2930:,
2926:,
2912:,
2908:,
2904:,
2900:,
2896:,
2892:,
2888:,
2884:,
2880:,
2876:,
2872:,
2868:,
2844:,
2840:,
2836:,
2832:,
2828:,
2824:,
2424:,
2382:,
2378:,
2339:A
2237:,
2165:,
2146:,
2083:,
2040:.
1983:,
1972:.
1897:.
1849:,
1845:;
1841::
1837:;
755:51
753:$
678:c.
6818:e
6811:t
6804:v
5445:e
5438:t
5431:v
5354:.
5330::
5315:.
5294:.
5273:.
5252:.
5155:.
5124:.
5095:.
5034:.
5030::
4957:.
4909:)
4895:.
4852:.
4772:.
4699:.
4624::
4526:.
4502:.
4459:.
4455::
4449:4
4399:.
4395::
4362:.
4360:.
4325:"
4314:"
4178:.
4154::
4125:.
4099:.
4073:.
4048:.
4012:.
3979:.
3923:.
3815:.
3788:.
3749:.
3735::
3712:.
3687:.
3637:.
3611:.
3549:.
3530::
2696:.
2483:.
2235:越
2232:南
2213:(
1833:(
1815:e
1808:t
1801:v
728:)
724:(
453:/
143:"
125:"
119:"
65:)
61:(
41:.
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
.svg)