Empire of Japan - Knowledge

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liberty and personal dignity; and in the ensuing process there has been created a truly representative government committed to the advance of political morality, freedom of economic enterprise, and social justice. Politically, economically, and socially Japan is now abreast of many free nations of the earth and will not again fail the universal trust. ... I sent all four of our occupation divisions to the Korean battlefront without the slightest qualms as to the effect of the resulting power vacuum upon Japan. The results fully justified my faith. I know of no nation more serene, orderly, and industrious, nor in which higher hopes can be entertained for future constructive service in the advance of the human race.

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33,000 strong allied expeditionary force. Japanese troops involved in the fighting had acquitted themselves well, although a British military observer felt their aggressiveness, densely-packed formations, and over-willingness to attack cost them excessive and disproportionate casualties. For example, during the Tianjin fighting, the Japanese suffered more than half of the allied casualties (400 out of 730) but comprised less than one quarter (3,800) of the force of 17,000. Similarly at Beijing, the Japanese accounted for almost two-thirds of the losses (280 of 453) even though they constituted slightly less than half of the assault force.

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into the political parties, but this was offset by the return of huge numbers of formerly purged conservative politicians to national as well as local politics in the early 1950s. In the bureaucracy, the purge was negligible from the outset. ... In the economic sector, the purge similarly was only mildly disruptive, affecting less than sixteen hundred individuals spread among some four hundred companies. Everywhere one looks, the corridors of power in postwar Japan are crowded with men whose talents had already been recognized during the war years, and who found the same talents highly prized in the 'new' Japan.

187: 5882: 4499:, was known as "Shōwa Statism". There has been a debate among historians over defining the political system of Japan as a dictatorship and its resemblance to European Fascism: the arguments in favour of this view were "the subordination of both country and society to militarism, control by a rigid style of leadership exercising authoritarian discipline, and the most brutal treatment of occupied areas", but it was noted that the Japanese far-right organizations lacked a mass movement similar to the mass Fascist movement in Europe, and some pluralism continued to exist even during the World War II: 8584: 18815: 18803: 4568: 91: 18961: 18949: 18937: 18925: 18913: 18901: 18889: 18876: 18863: 18851: 18839: 18718: 18706: 18646: 5106: 18827: 7624: 7607: 7590: 7561: 7550: 7527: 7519: 7472: 7398: 7273: 7250: 7059: 6958: 6947: 6930: 6913: 6896: 6852: 6802: 6713: 8596: 5906: 6572: 4162: 874: 913: 4068:". The public grew disillusioned with the growing national debt and the new election laws, which retained the old minimum tax qualifications for voters. Calls were raised for universal suffrage and the dismantling of the old political party network. Students, university professors, and journalists, bolstered by labor unions and inspired by a variety of democratic, socialist, communist, anarchist, and other thoughts, mounted large but orderly public demonstrations in favor of universal male suffrage in 1919 and 1920. 6592: 3088: 17939: 6514: 105: 986: 3209: 3405: 11481: 2509: 18682: 6467: 6421: 6351: 4178: 3566: 2586: 3545: 5851: 8629: 18754: 18766: 5167: 4428: 18634: 3816: 2952: 4677: 18742: 4219: 18670: 18658: 4516:, was "little more than a bureaucratic fiction"; as historians noted, the ideological base for Japanese "was traditional, even if the methods of communication and control were modern and European", and that the traditional society of Japan was "to a large degree differential", while its institutions remained too elitist and conservative to follow such practices as a "democratic mass mobilization" characteristic of totalitarianism. 5327: 4461:). Launched by the ultranationalist Kōdōha faction with the military, it ultimately failed due to the intervention of the Emperor. Kōdōha members were purged from the top military positions and the Tōseiha faction gained dominance. However, both factions believed in expansionism, a strong military, and a coming war. Furthermore, Kōdōha members, while removed from the military, still had political influence within the government. 4053: 2627: 8615: 888: 927: 11282: 2886:, while others lost their lives. After Japan was opened to foreign powers in 1853, many Christian clergymen were sent from Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox churches, though proselytism was still banned. Only after the Meiji Restoration, was Christianity re-established in Japan. Freedom of religion was introduced in 1871, giving all Christian communities the right to legal existence and preaching. 4601:) looked towards great future expansion. Their main concern was a shortage of raw materials. Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe combined social concerns with the needs of capital, and planned for expansion. Their economic growth was stimulated by certain domestic policies and it can be seen in the steady and progressive increase of materials such as in the iron, steel and chemical industry. 4616:, just as in many other countries, hindered Japan's economic growth. The Japanese Empire's main problem lay in that rapid industrial expansion had turned the country into a major manufacturing and industrial power that required raw materials; however, these had to be obtained from overseas, as there was a critical lack of natural resources on the home islands. 3131:

ancient form of government. ... In consideration of the progressive tendency of the course of human affairs and in parallel with the advance of civilization, We deem it expedient, in order to give clearness and distinctness to the instructions bequeathed by the Imperial Founder of Our House and by Our other Imperial Ancestors, to establish fundamental laws. ...

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Military Shogunate. In such a government the Emperor would once more be a figurehead (as in the Edo period). Real power would fall to a leader very similar to a führer or duce, though with the power less nakedly held. On the other hand, the traditionalist Navy militarists defended the Emperor and a constitutional monarchy with a significant religious aspect.

4764:, but the newly established Manchukuo was open to immigration of Asians. Japan had an emigration plan to encourage colonization; the Japanese population in Manchuria subsequently grew to 850,000. With rich natural resources and labor force in Manchuria, army-owned corporations turned Manchuria into a solid material support machine of the Japanese Army. 3516:

1900, the 5th Infantry Division was alerted for possible deployment to China, but no timetable was set for this. Two days later, with more ground troops urgently needed to lift the siege of the foreign legations at Peking, the British ambassador offered the Japanese government one million British pounds in exchange for Japanese participation.

4821:", Japanese troops killed many tens-of-thousands of people associated with the defending garrison. It is estimated that as many as 200,000 to 300,000 including civilians, may have been killed, although the actual numbers are uncertain and possibly inflated—coupled with the fact that the government of the 5409:

in 1943 put the Empire of Japan on the defensive for the remainder of the war, with Guadalcanal in particular sapping their already-limited oil supplies. During 1943 and 1944, Allied forces, backed by the industrial might and vast raw material resources of the United States, advanced steadily towards

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Even as they launched the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese were well aware that the United States had the capability to mount a counter-offensive against them. However, they believed that they could maintain their defensive perimeter and push back any attempt by the British and Americans

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On November 5, 1941, Yamamoto in his "Top Secret Operation Order no. 1" issued to the Combined Fleet, the Empire of Japan must drive out Britain and America from Greater East Asia and to hasten the settlement of the China, whereas should the eventuality that Britain and America would really be driven

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was repeatedly censored because of its positions against the war and the Emperor. Shigeo Iwanami was even sentenced to two months in prison for the publication of the banned works of Tsuda Sōkichi (a sentence which he did not serve, however). Shortly before his death in 1946, he founded the newspaper

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was not rooted deeply enough to withstand the economic and political pressures of the 1930s, during which military leaders became increasingly influential. These shifts in power were made possible by the ambiguity and imprecision of the Meiji Constitution, particularly as regarded the position of the

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in 1914, seizing the opportunity of Germany's distraction with the European War to expand its sphere of influence in China and the Pacific. Japan declared war on Germany on August 23, 1914. Japanese and allied British Empire forces soon moved to occupy Tsingtao fortress, the German East Asia Squadron

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on July 14, after which the allies consolidated and awaited the remainder of the 5th Division and other coalition reinforcements. By the time the siege of legations was lifted on August 14, 1900, the Japanese force of 13,000 was the largest single contingent and made up about 40% of the approximately

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on June 12. The Qing government turned down Japan's suggestion for Japan and China to cooperate to reform the Korean government. When Korea demanded that Japan withdraw its troops from Korea, the Japanese refused. In early June 1894, the 8,000 Japanese troops captured the Korean king Gojong, occupied

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ended. Losing the protection of the Japanese government which Buddhism had enjoyed for centuries, Buddhist monks faced radical difficulties in sustaining their institutions, but their activities also became less restrained by governmental policies and restrictions. As social conflicts emerged in this

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resigned from his post and authorities to the emperor, agreeing to "be the instrument for carrying out" imperial orders, leading to the end of the Tokugawa shogunate. However, while Yoshinobu's resignation had created a nominal void at the highest level of government, his apparatus of state continued

2724:", and "An Outline of a Theory of Civilization", which detailed Western society and his own philosophies. In the Meiji Restoration period, military and economic power was emphasized. Military strength became the means for national development and stability. Imperial Japan became the only non-Western 3988:

agreed to send 12,000 troops but under the Japanese command rather than as part of an international coalition. The Japanese had several hidden motives for the venture, which included an intense hostility and fear of communism; a determination to recoup historical losses to Russia; and the desire to

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Shortly afterward, advance units of the 5th Division departed for China, bringing Japanese strength to 3,800 personnel out of the 17,000 of allied forces. The commander of the 5th Division, Lt. General Yamaguchi Motoomi, had taken operational control from Fukushima. Japanese troops were involved in

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calculated that the advantages of participating in an allied coalition were too attractive to ignore. Prime Minister Yamagata agreed, but others in the cabinet demanded that there be guarantees from the British in return for the risks and costs of the major deployment of Japanese troops. On July 6,

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Emperor Ogimachi issued edicts to ban Catholicism in 1565 and 1568, but to little effect. Beginning in 1587 with imperial regent Toyotomi Hideyoshi's ban on Jesuit missionaries, Christianity was repressed as a threat to national unity. Under Hideyoshi and the succeeding Tokugawa shogunate, Catholic

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in 1871. The mission traveled the world in order to renegotiate the unequal treaties with the United States and European countries that Japan had been forced into during the Tokugawa shogunate, and to gather information on western social and economic systems, in order to effect the modernization of

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realm, integrating semi-autonomous domain states into a unified political community." "Rather than restore an ancient (and probably imaginary) center-periphery order, the Meiji Restoration hastened the creation of a new and unambiguously centralized and modern nation-state. Within a few decades of

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In retrospect, apart from the military officer corps, the purge of alleged militarists and ultranationalists that was conducted under the Occupation had relatively small impact on the long-term composition of men of influence in the public and private sectors. The purge initially brought new blood

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The Japanese people, since the war, have undergone the greatest reformation recorded in modern history. With a commendable will, eagerness to learn, and marked capacity to understand, they have, from the ashes left in war's wake, erected in Japan an edifice dedicated to the supremacy of individual

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on December 7, 1941. As a result, the U.S. battleship fleet was decimated and almost 2,500 people died in the attack that day. The primary objective of the attack was to incapacitate the United States long enough for Japan to establish its long-planned South East Asian empire and defensible buffer

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In the 1920s and 1930s, Japan needed to import raw materials such as iron, rubber, and oil to maintain strong economic growth. Most of these resources came from the United States. The Japanese felt that acquiring resource-rich territories would establish economic self-sufficiency and independence,

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Originally, in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Ryojun had been given to Japan. This part of the treaty was overruled by Western powers, which gave the port to the Russian Empire, furthering Russian interests in the region. These interests came into conflict with Japanese interests. The war began with a

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We, the Successor to the prosperous Throne of Our Predecessors, do humbly and solemnly swear to the Imperial Founder of Our House and to Our other Imperial Ancestors that, in pursuance of a great policy co-extensive with the Heavens and with the Earth, We shall maintain and secure from decline the

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was fought between January 1868 and May 1869. The alliance of samurai from southern and western domains and court officials had now secured the cooperation of the young Emperor Meiji, who ordered the dissolution of the two-hundred-year-old Tokugawa shogunate. Tokugawa Yoshinobu launched a military

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The main goals of Japan's expansionism were acquisition and protection of spheres of influence, maintenance of territorial integrity, acquisition of raw materials, and access to Asian markets. Western nations, notably the United Kingdom, France, and the United States, had for long exhibited great

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On January 17, 1868, Yoshinobu declared "that he would not be bound by the proclamation of the Restoration and called on the court to rescind it". On January 24, Yoshinobu decided to prepare an attack on Kyoto, occupied by Satsuma and Chōshū forces. This decision was prompted by his learning of a

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island, and a real, imminent threat of Soviet invasion of the home islands of Japan. This was a significant factor for some internal parties in the Japanese decision to surrender to the US and gain some protection, rather than face simultaneous Soviet invasion as well as defeat by the US and its

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as Prime Minister of Japan continued democratic reforms that had been advocated by influential individuals on the left. This culminated in the passage of universal male suffrage in March 1925. This bill gave all male subjects over the age of 25 the right to vote, provided they had lived in their

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The continued Japanese presence concerned the United States, which suspected that Japan had territorial designs on Siberia and the Russian Far East. Subjected to intense diplomatic pressure by the United States and United Kingdom, and facing increasing domestic opposition due to the economic and

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was a decisive victory in which a combined army from Chōshū, Tosa, and Satsuma domains defeated the Tokugawa army. A series of battles were then fought in pursuit of supporters of the Shogunate; Edo surrendered to the Imperial forces and afterward, Yoshinobu personally surrendered. Yoshinobu was

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states: "The Meiji government had from the first incorporated, and in a sense created, Shinto, and utilized its tales of the divine origin of the ruling house as the core of its ritual addressed to ancestors 'of ages past'. As the Japanese empire grew the affirmation of a divine mission for the

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followed after the war, largely spearheaded by US Army General Douglas MacArthur to revise the Japanese constitution and democratized the nation. The Allied occupation, including concurrent economic and political assistance, continued until 1952. Allied forces ordered Japan to abolish the Meiji

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The rise of Japan to a world power during the past 80 years is the greatest miracle in world history. The mighty empires of antiquity, the major political institutions of the Middle Ages and the early modern era, the Spanish Empire, the British Empire, all needed centuries to achieve their full

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became its contemporary equivalent, with the implicit message that the Army doctrine of close combat would prevail. The final objective, as envisioned by Army thinkers such as Sadao Araki and right-wing line followers, was a return to the old Shogunate system, but in the form of a contemporary

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Despite the political realignments and hope for more orderly government, domestic economic crises plagued whichever party held power. Fiscal austerity programs and appeals for public support of such conservative government policies as the Peace Preservation Law—including reminders of the moral

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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, various Western countries actively competed for influence, trade, and territory in East Asia, and Japan sought to join these modern colonial powers. The newly modernised Meiji government of Japan turned to Korea (under the Joseon dynasty), then in the

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in Tokyo had become aware of the worsening conditions in China and had drafted ambitious contingency plans, but in the wake of the Triple Intervention five years before, the government refused to deploy large numbers of troops unless requested by the western powers. However three days later, a

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in 1853, resulted in a number of edicts intended to 'modernise' the appearance of upper class Japanese men. With the Dampatsurei Edict of 1871 issued by Emperor Meiji during the early Meiji Era, men of the samurai classes were forced to cut their hair short, effectively abandoning the chonmage

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interest in the commercial opportunities in China and other parts of Asia. These opportunities had attracted Western investment because of the availability of raw materials for both domestic production and re-export to Asia. Japan desired these opportunities in planning the development of the

2984:, China, but others have followed in his footsteps. There was a burst of growth of Christianity in the late 19th century when Japan re-opened its doors to the West. Protestant church growth slowed dramatically in the early 20th century under the influence of the military government during the 3600:

was a conflict for control of Korea and parts of Manchuria between the Russian Empire and Empire of Japan that took place from 1904 to 1905. The victory greatly raised Japan's stature in the world of global politics. The war is marked by the Japanese opposition of Russian interests in Korea,

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prohibited insults against the Emperor and his Imperial House, and also against some major Shinto shrines which were believed to be tied strongly to the Emperor. The government strengthened its control over religious institutions that were considered to undermine State Shinto or nationalism.

2815:). However, the elimination of their economic monopolies over certain occupations actually led to a decline in their general living standards, while social discrimination simply continued. For example, the ban on the consumption of meat from livestock was lifted in 1871, and many former 18605: 4620:

and they also hoped to jump-start the nation's economy in the midst of the depression. As a result, Japan set its sights on East Asia, specifically Manchuria with its many resources; Japan needed these resources to continue its economic development and maintain national integrity.

5394:, the first decisive defeat for the Imperial Japanese Navy. It proved to be the turning point of the war as the Navy lost its offensive strategic capability and never managed to reconstruct the "'critical mass' of both large numbers of carriers and well-trained air groups". 8729:

Japanese race was emphasized more strongly. Shinto was imposed on colonial lands in Taiwan and Korea, and public funds were utilized to build and maintain new shrines there. Shinto priests were attached to army units as chaplains, and the cult of war dead, enshrined at the

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In 1900, Japan joined an international military coalition set up in response to the Boxer Rebellion in the Qing Empire of China. Japan provided the largest contingent of troops: 20,840, as well as 18 warships. Of the total, 20,300 were Imperial Japanese Army troops of the

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such as scrap metal and oil, which were vitally needed for the war effort. The Japanese were faced with the option of either withdrawing from China and losing face or seizing and securing new sources of raw materials in the resource-rich, European-controlled colonies of

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with additional rapid strategic victories. The Japanese Command reasoned that only decisive destruction of the United States' Pacific Fleet and conquest of its remote outposts would ensure that the Japanese Empire would not be overwhelmed by America's industrial might.

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Samurai were allowed to work in any occupation they wanted. Admission to universities was determined based on examination results. The government also recruited more than 3,000 Westerners to teach modern science, mathematics, technology, and foreign languages in Japan

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as the first person elected from a colonial background. In 1935, democracy was introduced in Taiwan and in response to Taiwanese public opinion, local assemblies were established. In 1942, 38 colonial people were elected to local assemblies of the Japanese homeland.

3047:, tens of thousands of Japanese Buddhist religious idols and temples were smashed and destroyed. Many statues still lie in ruins. Replica temples were rebuilt with concrete. Japan then closed and shut done tens of thousands of traditional old Shinto shrines in the 3007:

During the early 20th century, the government was suspicious towards a number of unauthorized religious movements and periodically made attempts to suppress them. Government suppression was especially severe from the 1930s until the early 1940s, when the growth of

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Japanese military strategists were keenly aware of the unfavorable discrepancy between the industrial potential of Japan and the United States. Because of this they reasoned that Japanese success hinged on their ability to extend the strategic advantage gained at

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the official beginning of the nation-building project, Tokyo had become the political and economic capital of a state that replaced semi-autonomous domains with newly created prefectures subordinate to central laws and centrally appointed administrators."

18591: 2849:, affecting religious practices and institutions. Conversion from traditional faith was no longer legally forbidden, officials lifted the 250-year ban on Christianity, and missionaries of established Christian churches reentered Japan. The traditional 169: 172: 168: 167: 4512:, since Hirohito couldn't be referred to as a dictator because of being a monarch, and since his authority existed along with party politics, while Hideki Tojo never had an absolute authority and was forced to resign, while the IRAA, according to 3325:, which exerted large influence over the conservative Korean officials who gathered around the royal family of the Joseon kingdom. On February 27, 1876, after several confrontations between Korean isolationists and the Japanese, Japan imposed the 5225:

on December 10, 1941, led to the east coast of Malaya being exposed to Japanese landings and the elimination of British naval power in the area. By the end of January 1942, the last Allied forces crossed the strait of Johore and into Singapore.

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In the administration of Japan dominated by the military political movement during World War II, the civil central government was under the management of military men and their right-wing civilian allies, along with members of the nobility and

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to exist. Moreover, the shogunal government, the Tokugawa family in particular, remained a prominent force in the evolving political order and retained many executive powers, a prospect hard-liners from Satsuma and Chōshū found intolerable.

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was an important figurehead and founder of the Army party and the most important militarist thinker in his time. His first ideological works date from his leadership of the Kōdōha (Imperial Benevolent Rule or Action Group), opposed by the

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near Tianjin. In light of the precarious situation, the British were compelled to ask Japan for additional reinforcements, as the Japanese had the only readily available forces in the region. Britain at the time was heavily engaged in the

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despite the fact that all historians knew Jimmu was a made up figure. In 1941 the Japanese government charged the one historian who dared to challenge Jimmu's existence publicly, Tsuda Sokichi. During the Second Sino-Japanese War and the

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was made public at the enthronement of Emperor Meiji of Japan on April 7, 1868. The Oath outlined the main aims and the course of action to be followed during Emperor Meiji's reign, setting the legal stage for Japan's modernization. The

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by the Red Army. However, the Japanese decided to stay, primarily due to fears of the spread of Communism so close to Japan and Japanese-controlled Korea and Manchuria. The Japanese army provided military support to the Japanese-backed

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Constitutionally. The reign of the Shōwa Emperor in fact continued until 1989 since he did not abdicate after World War II. However, he lost his status as a living god and influence on politics after the 1947 constitution was adopted.

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Japan. Renegotiation of the unequal treaties was universally unsuccessful, but close observation of the American and European systems inspired members on their return to bring about modernization initiatives in Japan. Japan made a

2827:. However, slow-changing social attitudes, especially in the countryside, meant that abattoirs and workers were met with hostility from local residents. Continued ostracism as well as the decline in living standards led to former 4503:

describes Japan as "somewhat pluralistic authoritarian system which exhibited some of the characteristics of fascism, but it did not develop fascism's most distinctive and revolutionary aspects" and had more in common with the

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In the political milieu of the day, there was a proliferation of new parties, including socialist and communist parties. Fear of a broader electorate, left-wing power, and the growing social change led to the passage of the

3470:. On 12 June 1900, the advance of the Seymour Expedition was halted some 50 kilometres (30 mi) from the capital, by mixed Boxer and Chinese regular army forces. The vastly outnumbered allies withdrew to the vicinity of 5114:

out from the Philippines and Dutch East Indies, an independent, self-supporting economic entity will be firmly established – mirroring the principle of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in another personification.

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in the late 19th century in the Meiji restoration by the Japanese people and government in order to modernize and westernize Japan and break from their past feudal era of the Daimyo and Shoguns. It was only due to the

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in Japan that cheap concrete replicas of those castles were built for tourists. The vast majority of castles in Japan today are new replicas made out of concrete. In 1959 a concrete keep was built for Nagoya castle.

5865: 5005:. Their objectives were to "establish and maintain a new order of things" in their respective world regions and spheres of influence, with Germany and Italy in Europe, and Japan in Asia. The signatories of this 3340:. The Qing government sent 2,800 troops to Korea. The Japanese countered by sending an 8,000-troop expeditionary force (the Oshima Composite Brigade) to Korea. The first 400 troops arrived on June 9 en route to 5257:

in the face of Japanese advance. This marked one of the worst defeats suffered by the Americans, leaving over 70,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war in the custody of the Japanese. On February 15, 1942,

3625:. While the ground war did not fare as poorly for the Russians, the Japanese forces were significantly more aggressive than their Russian counterparts and gained a political advantage that culminated with the 5717:

were fully responsible for protecting Japan from external threats. Japan only had a minor police force for domestic security. Japan was under the sole control of the United States. This was the only time in

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On January 11, 1942, a Japanese submarine shelled the United States naval Station at Pago Pago in Samoa, suggesting that the Japanese were advancing to the direction of Australia and nearby Oceanic regions.

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Christianity was repressed and adherents were persecuted. After the Tokugawa shogunate banned Christianity in 1620, it ceased to exist publicly. Many Catholics went underground, becoming hidden Christians

5310:. However, Allied sabotage had made it difficult for the Japanese to restore oil production to its pre-war peak. The Japanese then consolidated their lines of supply through capturing key islands of the 8672: 4438:

From September 1931, the Japanese were becoming more locked into the course that would lead them into the Second World War, with Araki leading the way. Increasing authoritarianism, ultranationalism,

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in Seoul and, by June 25, installed a puppet government in Seoul. The new pro-Japanese Korean government granted Japan the right to expel Qing forces while Japan dispatched more troops to Korea.

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was to be deployed to northern China. Fukushima was chosen because he spoke fluent English which enabled him to communicate with the British commander. The force landed near Tianjin on July 5.

3141:, after the 1889 signing of Constitution of the Empire of Japan. The constitution formalized much of the Empire's political structure and gave many responsibilities and powers to the Emperor. 6571: 5514:

raid on Tokyo on the night of March 9–10, 1945, led to the deaths of approximately 120,000 civilians. Approximately 350,000–500,000 civilians died in 67 Japanese cities as a result of the

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in his proposal for the Imperial Diet Building (present National Diet Building) in 1920 – although his proposal was ultimately rejected. Outside of the Japanese mainland, in places like

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For the sake of their own people and nation, Prime Minister Konoe formed the Taisei Yokusankai (Imperial Rule Assistance Association) on October 12, 1940, as a ruling party in Japan.

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campaign to seize the emperor's court in Kyoto. However, the tide rapidly turned in favor of the smaller but relatively modernized imperial faction and resulted in defections of many

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withdrew the Japanese forces in October 1922. Japanese casualties from the expedition were 5,000 dead from combat or illness, with the expedition costing over 900 million yen.

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By 1944, the Allies had seized or bypassed and neutralized many of Japan's strategic bases through amphibious landings and bombardment. This, coupled with the losses inflicted by

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in 20th century, Sokichi Tsuda's view of history, which has become mainstream after the World War II, is based on his idea. Many scholars today also believe that the mythology of

10846: 18710: 14082: 12490: 3929: 5534:. These bombings were the first and only combat use of nuclear weaponry. These two bombs killed approximately 120,000 people in a matter of seconds, and as many as a result of 4064:

The two-party political system that had been developing in Japan since the turn of the century came of age after World War I, giving rise to the nickname for the period, "

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Article 4. The Emperor is the head of the Empire, combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty, and exercises them, according to the provisions of the present Constitution.

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General MacArthur later commended the new Japanese government that he helped establish and the new Japanese period when he was about to send the American forces to the

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employed encircling tactics that made skillful use of superior artillery, armor, and air forces; this offensive nearly annihilated the 23rd Division and decimated the

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In June 1920, around 450 Japanese civilians and 350 Japanese soldiers, along with Russian White Army supporters, were massacred by partisan forces associated with the

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on Japanese shipping routes, began to strangle Japan's economy and undermine its ability to supply its army. By early 1945, the US Marines had wrested control of the

2399:." Although the shogunate had no intention of enforcing the order, it nevertheless inspired attacks against the shogunate itself and against foreigners in Japan. The 164: 17861: 15879: 14164: 12485: 4508:

during the World War I than with the Third Reich. It was also noted that this political system lacked the figure of a single person with an absolute authority and a

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The state was being transformed to serve the Army and the Emperor. Symbolic katana swords came back into fashion as the martial embodiment of these beliefs, and the

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In July 1918, President Wilson asked the Japanese government to supply 7,000 troops as part of an international coalition of 25,000 troops planned to support the

15802: 15774: 14918: 14243: 11891: 4833:. The Second Sino-Japanese War continued into World War II with the Communists and Nationalists in a temporary and uneasy nominal alliance against the Japanese. 2206:

The historical state is frequently referred to as the "Empire of Japan", the "Japanese Empire", or "Imperial Japan" in English. In Japanese it is referred to as

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During a recess, Saigō, who had his troops outside, "remarked that it would take only one short sword to settle the discussion". The word used for "dagger" was

19112: 18391: 17840: 16519: 16206: 15340: 14271: 12778: 5905: 2705:, both of which were characteristic of the samurai class, which was abolished together with the caste system. This would later bring the Meiji government into 10724: 5065:

and State Shinto ideology believed them to be) but rather propagandistic myths concocted to explain and legitimize the rule of the imperial dynasty, also saw

4446:

were to become the rule, with fewer voices able to speak against it. In a September 23 news conference, Araki first mentioned the philosophy of "Kōdōha" (The

18440: 16822: 16185: 15494: 15119: 14459: 14186: 13878: 12836: 10690:

Wilbanks, Bob (2004). Last Man Out. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. pp. 45, 53, 56, 68–69, 80–81, 84–85, 92, 98–99, 100, 102, 106–107.

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The Empire of Japan's military was divided into two main branches: the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy. To coordinate operations, the

5518:

campaign on Japan. Concurrent with these attacks, Japan's vital coastal shipping operations were severely hampered with extensive aerial mining by the US's

2167:

administered the country. In 1947, through Allied efforts, a new Japan's constitution was enacted, officially ending the Japanese Empire and forming modern

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has never undertaken a full accounting of the massacre. In total, an estimated 20 million Chinese, mostly civilians, were killed during World War II.

4740:, a Chinese territory bordering Manchukuo, was later also taken in 1933. This puppet regime had to carry on a protracted pacification campaign against the 3052: 2052:, often regarded as the fastest modernization of any country to date. All of these aspects contributed to Japan's emergence as a great power following the 6513: 4023:; the United States and its allied coalition partners consequently withdrew from Vladivostok after the capture and execution of White Army leader Admiral 19107: 16292: 15788: 15404: 14474: 14229: 12374: 8687: 4696:

In 1931, Japan invaded and conquered Northeast China (Manchuria) with little resistance. Japan claimed that this invasion was a liberation of the local

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After sending observers to the United States, the Empire of Japan initially copied the decentralized American system with no central bank. In 1871, the

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In the 1860s, Japan began to experience great social turmoil and rapid modernization. The feudal caste system in Japan formally ended in 1869 with the

5182:

Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese launched offensives against Allied forces in East and Southeast Asia, with simultaneous attacks in

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was conducted, where 5,650 to 18,000 Filipinos died under the rule of the imperial army. In May 1942, failure to decisively defeat the Allies at the

5158:

that could incur enough losses to make the Allied forces consider making peace on the basis of Japan's retainment of the territories she had gained.

4756:), which was also predominantly Chinese as a result of recent Han immigration to the area. At that time, East Asians were banned from immigration to 4075:. The death toll was estimated to have exceeded to 140,000 lives lost. On the same day, the Imperial Japanese Army and its nationalists committed a 18831: 15478: 14858: 12520: 5977: 4450:). The concept of Kodo linked the Emperor, the people, land, and morality as indivisible. This led to the creation of a "new" Shinto and increased 5545:, the US, the UK, and the USSR had agreed that the USSR would enter the war on Japan within three months of the defeat of Germany in Europe. This 5117:

Facing an oil embargo by the United States as well as dwindling domestic reserves, the Japanese government decided to execute a plan developed by

3532:

with China, which permitted them to station troops on Chinese soil to protect their citizens. After the treaty, Russia continued to occupy all of

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was a factor in the US decision to demonstrate the use of atomic weapons to the USSR, just as the Allied victory in Europe was evolving into the

2135:

led to the eventual loss of many of Japan's Oceanian island possessions in the following three years. Eventually, the American military captured

3446:

At the beginning of the Boxer Rebellion the Japanese only had 215 troops in northern China stationed at Tientsin; nearly all of them were naval

18583: 18343: 18334: 15734: 15036: 11227: 10985: 5467: 5452: 4859:. This incursion was founded in the Japanese belief that the Soviet Union misinterpreted the demarcation of the boundary, as stipulated in the 503: 248: 17733: 12943: 4905:, in which the Soviet Union pledged to respect the territorial integrity and inviolability of Manchukuo, while Japan agreed similarly for the 4087:

electoral districts for at least one year and were not homeless. The electorate thereby increased from 3.3 million to 12.5 million.

19062: 16526: 16489: 16466: 15987: 14909: 14879: 13005: 9834: 5538:

in the following weeks, months and years. The bombs killed as many as 140,000 people in Hiroshima and 80,000 in Nagasaki by the end of 1945.

4539:

styled buildings; and can have a centrally elevated structure with a pyramidal dome. The prototype for this style was developed by architect

18431: 16241: 10075: 5522:. Regardless, these efforts did not succeed in persuading the Japanese military to surrender. In mid-August 1945, the United States dropped 18843: 18722: 18545: 18523: 16619: 16475: 16459: 16431: 15679: 14886: 14214: 14144: 13783: 12995: 12906: 12392: 3966: 3949: 18572: 8559: 3329:, forcing Korea open to Japanese trade. The act blocked any other power from dominating Korea, resolving to end the centuries-old Chinese 19052: 17376: 16443: 16355: 16299: 16262: 15544: 14238: 13129: 12583: 12525: 11911: 11842: 5013:. The pact also called for mutual protection—if any one of the member powers was attacked by a country not already at war, excluding the 3148:

Article 2. The Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by Imperial male descendants, according to the provisions of the Imperial House Law.

1202: 3099:

The idea of a written constitution had been a subject of heated debate within and outside of the government since the beginnings of the

2712:

Several writers, under the constant threat of assassination from their political foes, were influential in winning Japanese support for

18953: 18941: 18421: 18377: 16348: 15080: 12806: 9079: 3264:. The use of strike action also increased, and 1897, with the establishment of a union for metalworkers, the foundations of the modern 2674: 1773: 1713: 2991:

Under the Meiji Restoration, the practices of the samurai classes, deemed feudal and unsuitable for modern times following the end of

2748:

strength. Japan's rise has been meteoric. After only 80 years, it is one of the few great powers that determine the fate of the world.

2143:, leaving the Japanese mainland unprotected and without a significant naval defense force. By August 1945, plans had been made for an 17854: 16482: 14872: 14830: 13136: 12240: 11855: 11737: 11365: 5586: 2152: 1476: 5622: 19102: 17703: 15522: 15296: 15059: 14925: 14736: 12788: 11638: 11628: 8692: 4633: 3846: 14464: 9638: 8583: 3894:

proved successful. The German colonial troops surrendered on November 7, 1914, and Japan gained the German holdings. In 1920, the

19122: 19072: 16598: 16395: 15432: 14932: 14844: 14780: 14396: 14234: 14221: 14178: 14087: 13813: 13615: 13522: 13424: 13182: 12829: 10227: 10171: 5234: 4129: 3112: 2838:, the Japanese Meiji government brutally put down revolts by Japanese samurai angry over the legal revocation of the traditional 18312: 11433: 8677: 5430:, the Allies, including the combined United States forces together with the native guerrilla units, recaptured the Philippines. 19047: 18979: 18463: 16801: 16313: 15163: 14701: 14588: 14578: 14446: 12438: 12412: 11138: 9136:

In 1942, at the moment of its greatest extension, the empire encompassed territories spanning over 7,400,000 square kilometers.

5662:. With the formal surrender before, the empire's territory was much reduced to the Japanese archipelago; mostly the islands of 5648: 5506:

bombers in nighttime low altitude incendiary raids, burning Japanese cities in an effort to pulverize Japan's war industry and

5401:

in September 1942, which was the first land defeat suffered by the Japanese in the Pacific. Further victories by the Allies at

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and continued negotiating with Japan for possible peace in Asia, the Imperial Japanese Navy at the same time made its surprise

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as a negative figure, arguing that he was created to serve as the rebellious opposite of the imperial ancestress Amaterasu. A

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Article 7. The Emperor convokes the Imperial Diet, opens, closes and prorogues it, and dissolves the House of Representatives.

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was brought to Japan in the 19th century by St. Nicholas (baptized as Ivan Dmitrievich Kasatkin), who was sent in 1861 by the

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in the years of 1940–41, and with the continuing war in China, the United States and its allies placed embargoes on Japan of

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was renewed and expanded in scope twice, in 1905 and 1911, before its demise in 1921. It was officially terminated in 1923.

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Equal-to-the-Apostles St. Nicholas of Japan, Russian Orthodox Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist web-site, Washington D.C.

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zones. The American public saw the attack as barbaric and treacherous and rallied against the Japanese. Four days later,

4902: 4850: 3507:, so a large part of the British army was tied down in South Africa. Further, deploying large numbers of troops from its 1169: 18506: 14520: 9770: 3671:

of China's Qing dynasty. The Japanese government initially sought to separate Korea from Qing and make Korea a Japanese

18674: 18662: 18327: 18280: 18229: 17754: 17623: 17501: 17079: 16794: 16745: 16503: 16058: 15310: 15149: 14997: 14851: 14505: 13795: 13197: 12955: 12082: 12077: 11976: 11916: 11707: 11697: 11388: 10969: 10712: 10054: 9706: 9571:

In 1871 the Dampatsurei edict forced all samurai to cut off their topknots, a traditional source of identity and pride.

9564: 9554: 9282: 8930: 8642: 5427: 4495:, Japan would turn to a form of government that resembled totalitarianism. This unique style of government, similar to 3917:, and international condemnation, Japan withdrew the final group of demands, and treaties were signed in May 1915. The 1326: 1301: 449: 5270:

of British-led military personnel in history. An estimated 80,000 Australian, British and Indian troops were taken as

4145:

platform was committed to the parliamentary system, democratic politics, and world peace. Thereafter, until 1932, the

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The Second Sino-Japanese War had seen tensions rise between Imperial Japan and the United States; events such as the

4951: 4519:

In the early twentieth century, a distinctive style of architecture was developed for the empire. Now referred to as

4258: 3795:

was officially part of the Empire of Japan for 35 years, from August 29, 1910, until the formal Japanese rule ended,

3649: 3193: 2655: 1553: 15025: 10578:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Volume 3: The Rising Sun in the Pacific 1931 – April 1942

10332:

Kevin McDowell. Japan in Manchuria: Agricultural Emigration in the Japanese Empire, 1932–1945. University of Arizona

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in 1863. The Tokugawa government agreed to pay an indemnity for Richardson's death. Shelling of foreign shipping in

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This meaning is significant in terms of geography, encompassing Japan, and its surrounding areas. The nomenclature

2010: 1964: 1671: 1384: 740: 591: 15650: 10728: 3902: 3243: 3145:

Article 1. The Empire of Japan shall be reigned over and governed by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal.

19067: 18501: 17431: 17272: 17261: 17097: 16856: 16815: 16708: 16646: 16033: 15303: 15172: 15140: 14631: 14436: 14416: 14203: 14139: 13962: 13831: 12735: 12655: 12593: 12105: 8202: 6206: 6074: 5351: 5187: 4579:

During the 1920s, the whole global economy was dubbed as "a decade of global uncertainty". At the same time, the

4099: 3842: 3499: 3361: 2900:, Hokkaidō as priest to a chapel of the Russian Consulate. St. Nicholas of Japan made his own translation of the 2673:

The Japanese government sent observers to Western countries to observe and learn their practices, and also paid "

2021:, and the empire's territory subsequently shrunk to cover only the Japanese archipelago resembling modern Japan. 1613: 17: 18613: 15820: 15388: 13296: 10707:

Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan Tsuyoshi Hasegawa Belknap Press (October 30, 2006)

9902: 5647:. This new constitution was imposed by the United States under the supervision of MacArthur. MacArthur included 4778: 3993:

in Japan's security, either through the creation of a buffer state or through outright territorial acquisition.

2573:. An expeditionary force was dispatched by the new government and the Ezo Republic forces were overwhelmed. The 19092: 19087: 18511: 17817: 17789: 17667: 17460: 16697: 16148: 16074: 15870: 15241: 14960: 14865: 14750: 14431: 14426: 14421: 14411: 14105: 12750: 12725: 12623: 12480: 12127: 11828: 11598: 11403: 8652: 7991: 6411: 6209: 5784: 5357: 4906: 4749: 4741: 4717: 4667: 4240: 3706: 3630: 3613:. Those elements that attempted escape were defeated by the Japanese navy under Admiral Togo Heihachiro at the 3326: 3313:, fought in 1894 and 1895, revolved around the issue of control and influence over Korea under the rule of the 3239: 2697:." The government also outlawed customs linked to Japan's feudal past, such as publicly displaying and wearing 2108: 2084:

and authoritarianism, and this ideological shift eventually culminated in Japan joining the Axis alliance with

1960: 1766: 1431: 1351: 2762: 1389: 19082: 18867: 18396: 18320: 17877: 17810: 17761: 17692: 17517: 17023: 16974: 16738: 16731: 16334: 16095: 15886: 14939: 14406: 14401: 14365: 14299: 14191: 14037: 13620: 13472: 13010: 12938: 12869: 12638: 12608: 12603: 12407: 11837: 11752: 11742: 11358: 9261:. 4th edition, 2016. p. 364: "There has also been some debate as to whether Japan was even a ‘dictatorship’." 8089: 7847: 7662: 7327: 6057: 5790: 5495: 5183: 4901:. On September 15 an armistice was arranged. Nearly two years later, on April 13, 1941, the parties signed a 4822: 3807:. The 1905 and 1910 treaties were eventually declared "null and void" by both Japan and South Korea in 1965. 3686:

to Japanese citizens and opened three Korean ports to Japanese trade. The rights granted to Japan under this

2980:

translated into Japanese was among the first Protestant literature in Japan. In 1865, McCartee moved back to

2147:, but were shelved after Japan surrendered in the face of a major breakthrough by the Western Allies and the 2089: 1638: 18090: 10428: 10096: 9237: 5426:

was committed by the imperial army against Filipinos in December 1944. In the subsequent months, during the

4786:) in China, on August 13, 1937. Japanese troops are shown passing from Beiping into the Tartar City through 3200:. Both houses opened seats for colonial people as well as Japanese. The Imperial Diet continued until 1947. 3059:

as a political move to link the Meiji restoration to the Kenmu restoration for their new State Shinto cult.

2171:. During this time, the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces were dissolved. It was later replaced by the current 18984: 18929: 18458: 18401: 18367: 17951: 17847: 17222: 17183: 16102: 15937: 15922: 15849: 15828: 15646: 15324: 15110: 15103: 15087: 14798: 14757: 14729: 14355: 13982: 13922: 13819: 13724: 13487: 13273: 12977: 12816: 12715: 12387: 12258: 11717: 11658: 11648: 5590: 5048: 4893:, the Red Army's high command, to develop a plan for a counterstrike against the Japanese. In late August, 4331: 2794: 2156: 1747: 1737: 1681: 1666: 1623: 433: 5142:

of Italy declared war on the United States, merging the separate conflicts. The United States entered the

5047:, which had a great influence in post-war Japanese intellectual circles. The early 20th century historian 4554:

Overall, during the 1920s, Japan changed its direction toward a democratic system of government. However,

4060:

is credited as being the first Japanese party leader and an important force for liberalism in Meiji Japan.

3973:

with Germany. After this, various factions that succeeded the Russian Empire fought amongst themselves in

3648:), as well as many mineral rights in Manchuria. In addition, Russia's defeat cleared the way for Japan to 3511:

would take too much time and weaken internal security there. Overriding personal doubts, Foreign Minister

2523: 90: 18917: 18819: 18453: 18448: 17914: 17238: 17190: 16808: 16780: 16633: 16248: 16227: 15748: 15411: 15317: 14807: 14593: 14030: 14015: 13873: 13825: 13590: 13141: 13015: 12928: 12923: 12692: 12680: 12675: 12067: 11886: 11757: 8136: 5997: 5631: 5582: 3048: 2677:" in a variety of fields to come to Japan to educate the populace. For instance, the judicial system and 1581: 1511: 13202: 10342: 9914: 9725: 9451:, p. 340, notes that one might "describe the Oath in Five Articles as a constitution for all ages". 4334:

were all allied as well. Other organizations and groups related with the government in wartime were the

2858:

last decade of the Edo period, some new religious movements appeared, which were directly influenced by

104: 18783: 18540: 18518: 18173: 18166: 17712: 17208: 17127: 17072: 16960: 16916: 16566: 16192: 16116: 16018: 15895: 15767: 15760: 15720: 15693: 15425: 15358: 14953: 14764: 14694: 14573: 14530: 13807: 13565: 13550: 13452: 13321: 12889: 12801: 12758: 12349: 12318: 10908: 10401: 8085: 7051: 5713:

Japan adopted a parliamentary-based political system, and the role of the Emperor became symbolic. The

5457: 5371: 5303: 4927: 3369: 3337: 3304: 2554: 2432: 1984: 1718: 1576: 1331: 1190: 440: 221: 37: 10502:"17. Memories Of A Liberal, Liberalism Of Memory: Tsuda Sōkichi And A Few Things He Forgot To Mention" 7727: 6478: 6432: 6362: 5634:. In the foreground are several Allied soldiers watching the proceedings from the back of the balcony. 4326:

and Kokka Shakai Shugi Gakumei (National Socialist League) also had close ties to the government. The

4194: 3577: 3184:

Article 17. A Regency shall be instituted in conformity with the provisions of the Imperial House Law.

18372: 18272: 18083: 17614: 17531: 17316: 17176: 17148: 16981: 16886: 16676: 16109: 15183: 14837: 14515: 14283: 13867: 13855: 13610: 13595: 13316: 13207: 12901: 12879: 12628: 12618: 12551: 12308: 12303: 12230: 12190: 11981: 11668: 9155:

Taeuber, Irene B.; Beal, Edwin G. (January 1945). "The Demographic Heritage of the Japanese Empire".

8283: 6160: 5503: 5246: 5096: 4671: 4536: 4315: 3887: 3661: 3617:. Following a late start, the Russian Baltic fleet was denied passage through the British-controlled 2620: 2605: 2404: 2396: 2172: 1992: 1980: 1759: 1693: 1676: 1628: 1506: 1461: 1356: 1136: 1098: 969: 217: 18029: 15381: 13462: 12170: 11460: 10368: 10343:"The Unquiet Past Seven decades on from the defeat of Japan, memories of war still divide East Asia" 9583: 4572: 4421: 4379: 4072: 3909:

to aid Allied shipping. Japan sought further to consolidate its position in China by presenting the

3412:. Komura became Minister for Foreign Affairs under the first Katsura administration, and signed the 2081: 1416: 19042: 18746: 18484: 18243: 17353: 17330: 16582: 16383: 16376: 16040: 15700: 15672: 15665: 15052: 14490: 13977: 13967: 13896: 13849: 13837: 13777: 13585: 13580: 13502: 12911: 12884: 12588: 12422: 12205: 12152: 12100: 11722: 11550: 11351: 9026:, p. 334, "One can date the "restoration" of imperial rule from the edict of January 3, 1868." 7242: 6397: 6381: 6029: 5507: 5411: 4955: 4773: 4555: 4363: 4095:

in 1925, which forbade any change in the political structure or the abolition of private property.

3913:

to China in January 1915. In the face of slow negotiations with the Chinese government, widespread

3838: 3614: 3031: 2562: 2517: 2513: 2424: 2175:

in 1954. Reconstruction under the Allied occupation continued until 1952, consolidating the modern

2112: 1880: 1538: 1456: 1421: 1379: 701: 33: 15397: 15374: 5087:

to make people believe that the class was precious because they originated in the heavenly realm.

4855:

In 1938, the Japanese 19th Division entered territory claimed by the Soviet Union, leading to the

3901:

With its Western allies, notably the United Kingdom, heavily involved in the war in Europe, Japan

18342: 17775: 17719: 17589: 17449: 17134: 16787: 16683: 16589: 16157: 16025: 15995: 15959: 15944: 15816: 15708: 15686: 15632: 15618: 15600: 15264: 15045: 14773: 14722: 14561: 14553: 14495: 14255: 13950: 13713: 13540: 13535: 13467: 13326: 13311: 13306: 13286: 13167: 13044: 12245: 12122: 12052: 11861: 11613: 11540: 10072: 8198: 8040: 7928: 5957: 5769: 5679: 5546: 5387: 4846: 4757: 4229: 3970: 3918: 3609:

surprise attack on the Russian Eastern fleet stationed at Port Arthur, which was followed by the

3451: 3310: 3300: 3280:

was still low due to samurai and their descendants being overrepresented in the new elite class.

3066:

used to look like when they rebuilt it. The rebuilding was originally planned for the Shōwa era.

2893: 2374:

The following years saw increased foreign trade and interaction; commercial treaties between the

2159:. The Pacific War officially came to an end on 2 September 1945, leading to the beginning of the 2132: 2053: 1658: 1481: 1311: 1296: 649: 17970: 13507: 10993:

Ion, Hamish (2014). "The Idea of Naval Imperialism: The China Squadron and the Boxer Uprising".

10942: 10446:

Joseph K. Yamagiwa (September 1955). "Literature and Politics in the Japanese Magazine, Sekai".

6844: 6794: 6219: 6034: 5850: 5658:

Upon adoption of the 1947 constitution, the Empire of Japan was dissolved and became simply the

4330:(residents committee) groups, the Nation Service Society (national government trade union), and 17467: 17360: 17162: 17113: 17016: 16909: 16879: 16662: 16550: 16276: 16067: 15658: 15639: 15609: 15156: 15126: 14328: 14052: 13987: 13843: 13570: 13497: 13447: 13432: 13414: 13387: 13301: 13268: 12933: 12894: 12874: 12685: 12578: 11962: 11926: 11902: 11799: 11784: 11633: 11545: 9689:"Nagoya Castle's concrete keep to be demolished and replaced with traditional wooden structure" 9477:

The Meiji Constitution. The Japanese Experience Of The West And The Shaping Of The Modern State

8162:, Hawaii (December 7), prompting the United States to declare war on Japan (December 8). Japan 8159: 8135:

becomes prime minister (January 16). Konoe becomes prime minister for a second term (July 22).

6755: 6578: 6301: 6092: 5872: 5796: 5511: 5447: 5151: 5126: 4869: 4761: 4092: 3997: 3898:

established the South Seas Mandate under Japanese administration to replace German New Guinea.

3457: 3440: 3385: 3381: 3257: 3197: 3092: 2965: 2929: 2360: 2273: 2018: 1698: 1466: 1258: 575: 554: 110: 32:"The Japanese Empire" redirects here. For the relationship between Japan and its colonies, see 10268: 8893: 7265: 4965:

and the Nanjing Massacre turned American public opinion against Japan. With the occupation of

4744:

in Manchuria. In 1936, Japan created a similar Mongolian puppet state in Inner Mongolia named

3181:

Article 16. The Emperor orders amnesty, pardon, commutation of punishments and rehabilitation.

3160:

Article 6. The Emperor gives sanction to laws, and orders them to be promulgated and executed.

17958: 17681: 17524: 17420: 17390: 17346: 17086: 17051: 17044: 16967: 16865: 16306: 16283: 16130: 15741: 15278: 15018: 15004: 14687: 14318: 13972: 13861: 13637: 13600: 13530: 13477: 13399: 13367: 13341: 13291: 13222: 13124: 13077: 12861: 12730: 12613: 11986: 11448: 10295: 9272: 9003: 8298: 8225: 8107: 7862: 7536: 7033: 6582: 5947: 5644: 5555: 5338: 5203: 4856: 4842: 4567: 3953: 3942: 3862: 3610: 3373: 3365: 3265: 3157:

Article 5. The Emperor exercises the legislative power with the consent of the Imperial Diet.

2933: 2467: 2435:

by a multinational force in 1864. The Chōshū clan also launched the failed coup known as the

1956: 1316: 791: 753: 18289: 18203: 15576: 10475:

Nichibunken Japan Review: Bulletin of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies

6132: 3602: 3169:

Article 12. The Emperor determines the organization and peace standing of the Army and Navy.

2948:, was also canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church as a Saint and Martyr in the year 2000. 186: 19127: 18698: 18183: 17985: 17782: 17637: 17288: 17245: 17215: 17141: 16951: 16930: 15856: 15333: 15011: 14668: 14583: 13263: 13237: 13187: 12544: 12117: 11941: 11931: 11443: 9461: 8845: 8240: 8077: 8047: 7384: 6864: 6386: 6266: 6174: 6136: 5937: 5519: 5402: 5267: 5242: 4648: 4520: 4458: 4447: 4432: 4391: 4383: 4375: 4347: 4323: 4041: 4033: 4020: 3626: 3122:

The constitution recognized the need for change and modernization after the removal of the

3036: 3009: 2415:. The British demanded reparations but were denied. While attempting to exact payment, the 2124: 2077: 1968: 1441: 1346: 1207: 1103: 1010: 430: 18188: 18069: 13212: 8121: 7987: 7173: 6748: 6716: 5105: 3682:

to pressure the Joseon Dynasty into signing the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876, which granted

3178:

Article 15. The Emperor confers titles of nobility, rank, orders and other marks of honor.

2558:

stripped of all his power by Emperor Meiji and most of Japan accepted the emperor's rule.

240: 8: 18734: 18033: 18014: 17900: 17674: 17552: 17508: 17030: 16164: 15930: 15457: 15287: 15271: 15220: 14650: 13789: 13653: 13605: 13482: 13442: 13437: 13382: 13065: 13059: 12960: 12344: 12291: 12264: 12254: 12200: 12195: 12180: 12057: 11881: 11560: 11555: 11438: 11332: 8999: 8214: 8178: 8163: 8055: 7797: 7792: 7074: 6870: 6832: 6660: 5714: 5617: 5578: 5559: 5486:, marking the beginning of the fall of the islands of Japan. After securing airfields in 5443: 5398: 5331: 5263: 5259: 5191: 4826: 4807: 4335: 4305: 4153:

obligation to make sacrifices for the emperor and the state—were attempted as solutions.

3683: 3668: 3645: 3641: 3508: 3377: 3368:

was signed between Japan and China, which ceded the Liaodong Peninsula and the island of

2973: 2694: 2238: 2230: 2160: 2073: 2014: 1976: 1491: 1446: 1411: 1321: 906: 268: 225: 18208: 14603: 12132: 10937: 7422: 7416: 7158: 4065: 2739:

comments in his booklet "The Secret of Japan's Strength", published in 1942, during the

2643: 18568: 18297: 18239: 18222: 18178: 18156: 18126: 18106: 17893: 17726: 17651: 17605: 17575: 17483: 17323: 16988: 16872: 16766: 16717: 16655: 16411: 16362: 16171: 15795: 15450: 15248: 14610: 14525: 13884: 13748: 13730: 13695: 13659: 13492: 13457: 13409: 13394: 13281: 13232: 13071: 13030: 12710: 12313: 12250: 12072: 12042: 11583: 11221: 11199: 10979: 10869: 10558: 10513: 10455: 9913:

Masato Shizume, "A History of the Bank of Japan, 1882–2016." (Waseda University, 2016)

9194: 9186: 9112: 9104: 8774: 8247: 8246:

1945: Allied bombers begin firebombing of major Japanese cities. Allied victory at the

8182: 7807: 7722: 7593: 7511: 7434: 7288: 7218: 7107: 6620: 6239: 6223: 5773: 5483: 5439: 5383: 5214:. The Allies lacked aircover and tanks; the Japanese had complete air superiority. The 4970: 4293: 4190: 3962:

After the fall of the Tsarist regime and the later provisional regime in 1917, the new

3910: 3852: 3800: 3716:

In Korea, the period is usually described as the "Time of Japanese Forced Occupation" (

3633: 3622: 3597: 3556: 3549: 3521: 3480: 3467: 3393: 3357: 3356:

China objected and war ensued. Japanese ground troops routed the Chinese forces on the

3273: 3253: 3082: 2977: 2945: 2809: 2736: 2678: 2574: 2459: 2378:

and Western countries were signed. In large part due to the humiliating terms of these

2375: 2296: 2281: 2144: 2061: 1653: 1486: 1341: 1238: 1233: 879: 768: 662: 636: 345: 229: 18468: 18213: 18136: 10783: 8947: 8769:"During the second half of the nineteenth century, Japan's nation-builders forged the 7357: 7015: 6826: 6811: 6805: 6740: 6699: 6642: 6538: 6519: 6188: 4146: 4142: 2440: 18807: 18193: 18151: 18131: 18111: 17884: 17768: 17658: 17598: 17559: 17492: 17474: 17440: 17383: 17337: 17281: 17106: 16844: 16836: 16773: 16626: 16220: 15752: 15213: 15192: 14902: 14643: 14637: 14598: 14500: 14333: 13916: 13771: 13754: 13555: 13377: 13357: 13192: 13177: 13107: 13095: 12796: 12773: 12720: 12354: 12047: 12027: 11794: 11423: 11259: 11240: 11207: 11185: 11166: 11124: 11117: 11098: 11079: 11047: 11040: 11021: 11013: 10998: 10965: 10946: 10912: 10886: 10873: 10747: 10708: 10691: 10550: 10517: 10301: 10274: 10247: 10050: 9933: 9811: 9560: 9542:

Orthodox translation of Gospel into Japanese, Pravostok Orthodox Portal, October 2006

9278: 9198: 9178: 9166: 9116: 9096: 9043: 8926: 8901: 8742: 8294:) (August 9 – September 2). Japan surrenders (September 2): Allied occupation begins. 8255: 8190: 8186: 8093: 8026: 8006: 8002:

becomes prime minister (December 13) and increases funding for the military in China.

7907: 7902: 7493: 7366: 7333: 7309: 7230: 7134: 7039: 7003: 6728: 6722: 6654: 6113: 5599: 5535: 5479: 5415: 5207: 5175: 5150:

in full force, thereby bringing the United States to World War II on the side of the

5006: 4983: 4878: 4814: 4488: 4024: 3985: 3974: 3906: 3895: 3891: 3883: 3679: 3249: 3116: 3070: 3056: 3018: 2937: 2925: 2889: 2782: 2706: 2601: 2400: 2300: 2164: 1952: 1703: 1686: 1633: 1618: 1306: 1268: 1146: 623: 559: 411: 403: 340: 325: 11503: 10933: 10673: 8396: 8251: 7956: 7045: 6318: 6146: 6008: 5993: 5963: 4551:, Imperial Crown Style architecture often included regional architectural elements. 4281: 4076: 3819: 2475: 2187: 2100:. However, there has been a debate over defining the political system of Japan as a 480: 18795: 18293: 18263: 18198: 17803: 17796: 17740: 17404: 17169: 17155: 17058: 16995: 16946: 16759: 16612: 16559: 16369: 16320: 16234: 15464: 15441: 14974: 13701: 13671: 13665: 13575: 13404: 13372: 13362: 13101: 13025: 13020: 12948: 12768: 12668: 12495: 12215: 11936: 11608: 11309: 10861: 10509: 10482: 10473:

Gadeleva, Emilia (2000). "Susanoo: One of the Central Gods in Japanese Mythology".

9673: 9489: 9170: 9088: 8229: 8210: 8144: 8114: 8100: 7977: 7933: 7920: 7837: 7832: 7737: 7717: 7707: 7697: 7564: 7481: 7351: 7339: 7212: 7167: 7101: 7009: 6991: 6985: 6973: 6939: 6888: 6858: 6820: 6734: 6681: 6672: 6328: 6305: 6297: 6276: 6078: 6046: 5987: 5896: 5892: 5805: 5719: 5594: 5423: 5391: 5363: 5299: 5271: 5262:, due to the overwhelming superiority of Japanese forces and encirclement tactics, 5250: 5238: 5195: 5143: 5139: 5118: 5043: 5033: 5002: 4966: 4898: 4860: 4818: 4613: 4540: 4509: 4500: 4193:

and how the military had/gained influence in the civilian cabinet. You can help by

4161: 3879: 3875: 3792: 3100: 2717: 2412: 2379: 2364: 2120: 2097: 2069: 2041: 1742: 1253: 1162: 977: 14983: 12470: 10369:"Question 戦前の日本における対ユダヤ人政策の基本をなしたと言われる「ユダヤ人対策要綱」に関する史料はありますか。また、同要綱に関する説明文はありますか。" 8513: 8005:

1932: After an attack on Japanese monks in Shanghai (January 18), Japanese forces

7401: 7146: 6705: 6060:, headed by the Emperor, was established in 1893. Prominent generals and leaders: 5929: 4477: 3827: 3548:

French illustration of a Japanese assault on entrenched Russian troops during the

3409: 2686: 2448: 2382:, the shogunate soon faced internal hostility, which materialized into a radical, 2027: 606: 18301: 18073: 18065: 18061: 18057: 18053: 18049: 18045: 18041: 18037: 17978: 17826: 17538: 17453: 17411: 17309: 17252: 17120: 16902: 16893: 16422: 15980: 15234: 14510: 14350: 13689: 13242: 13217: 12824: 12663: 12515: 12220: 12142: 12062: 11535: 11160: 11065: 10818: 10241: 10201: 10079: 9927: 9838: 9788: 9496: 9037: 8634: 8313: 8174: 8167: 8148: 8132: 8125: 8018: 7999: 7995: 7857: 7852: 7787: 7772: 7702: 7667: 7652: 7610: 7570: 7530: 7458: 7452: 7321: 7259: 7224: 7128: 7113: 7086: 6922: 6838: 6788: 6779: 6693: 6167: 6120: 6099: 5973: 5943: 5888: 5542: 5463: 5382:. During the same month, after the Japanese victory in the Battle of Bataan, the 5122: 5121:

to attack the United States Pacific Fleet in Hawaii. While the United States was

4994: 4932: 4918: 4799: 4705: 4689: 4685: 4663: 4598: 4473: 4451: 4411: 4387: 4057: 3601:

Manchuria, and China, notably, the Liaodong Peninsula, controlled by the city of

3512: 3463: 3421: 3318: 3277: 3192:

was established in response to the Meiji Constitution. The Diet consisted of the

3087: 3044: 3027: 2835: 2667: 2650: 2616: 2570: 2436: 2264: 2119:. However, from 1942 onwards, and particularly after decisive Allied advances at 2096:. During this period, the Japanese army committed many atrocities, including the 2057: 1451: 1436: 1426: 1336: 1124: 893: 688: 534: 355: 350: 263: 244: 18141: 18116: 17938: 12137: 10616: 9865:"Social Mobility in Japan, 1868–2012: The Surprising Persistence of the Samurai" 9071: 8512:

from his birth until November 11, 1860, when he was proclaimed heir apparent to

8022: 7345: 7206: 7185: 7140: 6905: 6635: 6232: 5911:

His Imperial Highness Count Nagayoshi Ogasawara, a member of the Imperial Family

5857: 5817: 5811: 4535:(帝冠式, Teikanshiki). The style is identified by Japanese-style roofing on top of 4083: 2985: 2639: 2478:, leader of the Satsuma clan, threatened the assembly into abolishing the title 1022: 610: 522: 18758: 18359: 18019: 17833: 17369: 17295: 15347: 15206: 14343: 14323: 13994: 13707: 13545: 13336: 13227: 13083: 12987: 12970: 12465: 12359: 12185: 12175: 12032: 11996: 11418: 11324: 10900: 10742:

Peattie, Mark R. (1988). "Chapter 5 – The Japanese Colonial Empire 1895–1945".

10125: 9174: 8730: 8662: 8287: 8279: 8194: 8081: 8070: 7912: 7892: 7877: 7782: 7767: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7692: 7687: 7677: 7627: 7599: 7582: 7505: 7475: 7446: 7390: 7236: 7197: 7191: 7179: 7122: 7080: 7068: 7062: 6961: 6950: 6933: 6916: 6876: 6687: 6648: 6126: 5983: 5953: 5933: 5828: 5639: 5550: 5523: 5379: 5037: 4979: 4975: 4962: 4791: 4492: 4355: 4001: 3687: 3529: 3425: 3413: 3314: 3219: 3063: 2917: 2909: 2839: 2820: 2713: 2659: 2635: 2631: 2388: 2292: 2258: 2250: 2222: 2140: 1708: 1243: 1174: 1131: 549: 392: 18121: 12500: 12475: 11149: 10865: 9656: 9520: 9092: 8051: 7777: 7303: 5833: 5028: 4629: 4000:

under Chief of Staff Yui Mitsue had occupied all ports and major towns in the

3208: 2940:, appointed the first Bishop of Kyoto and later martyred as the archbishop of 985: 19036: 19018: 19005: 18259: 18146: 18101: 17644: 15569: 15418: 15257: 14454: 13742: 13736: 13172: 13089: 13000: 11991: 11712: 11702: 11530: 11495: 11135: 11071: 11035: 10554: 9182: 9100: 8725: 8345: 8291: 8236: 8036: 7963: 7897: 7887: 7872: 7827: 7812: 7802: 7742: 7682: 7542: 7499: 7464: 7440: 7428: 7372: 7276: 7253: 7027: 6997: 6979: 6882: 6773: 6767: 6390: 6290: 6249: 6106: 6049:(1850–1926), at the unveiling ceremony of the bronze statue of Field Marshal 6042: 5967: 5739: 5695: 5687: 5627: 4894: 4886: 4882: 4737: 4733: 4676: 4513: 4505: 4359: 4009: 3694: 3621:. The fleet arrived on the scene a year later, only to be annihilated in the 3350: 3336:

On June 4, 1894, Korea requested aid from the Qing Empire in suppressing the

3189: 3108: 2901: 2732:

in about 25 years as a result of industrialization and economic development.

2663: 2589: 2452: 2304: 2277: 2268: 2263:"nation, state", literally "Imperial State" or "Imperial Realm" (compare the 2183: 2176: 2128: 1972: 1501: 1496: 842: 468: 427: 408: 377: 96: 12092: 10637: 7762: 6666: 6401:

Population density map of the Japanese archipelago and southern Kuril (1940)

6259: 6085: 6050: 3404: 2001:

not parts of the empire but dependent territories. In the closing stages of

1372: 18619: 18351: 17943: 17747: 16047: 15952: 15583: 14946: 14710: 13904: 13331: 11588: 11465: 11112: 9620: 9039:

The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison

8770: 8620: 8485: 8059: 7867: 7732: 7657: 7642: 7616: 7553: 7487: 7378: 7282: 6899: 6761: 6624: 6616: 6597: 6542: 6311: 6038: 6012: 5703: 5683: 5563: 5419: 5307: 5283: 5135: 5084: 5074: 5014: 4998: 4940: 4830: 4787: 4709: 4637: 4465: 4443: 3804: 3709:. After proclaimed the founding of the Korean Empire, Korea was officially 3702: 3672: 3389: 3322: 3291:

as the new decimal currency. It had parity with the Mexican silver dollar.

3013: 2969: 2941: 2850: 2846: 2690: 2611: 2597: 2508: 2443:

was established in 1866 to combine their efforts to overthrow the Tokugawa

2148: 2101: 2093: 2085: 2002: 1948: 1533: 1197: 1091: 1063: 1049: 1035: 832: 727: 602: 388: 135: 12162: 11779: 8870: 4285: 4272: 4098:

In 1932, Park Chun-kum was elected to the House of Representatives in the

3933:

Commanding Officers and Chiefs of Staff of the Allied Military Mission to

3172:

Article 13. The Emperor declares war, makes peace, and concludes treaties.

2195: 1404: 1141: 419: 18989: 18255: 17582: 17568: 17230: 15906: 15727: 15712: 15066: 14115: 14020: 13718: 13146: 12567: 12235: 11789: 11058: 10222: 8259: 8155: 8014: 7842: 7822: 7817: 7712: 7576: 7315: 7296: 7021: 6181: 6140: 6081:: Chief of Staff of the Army, Prime Minister of Japan, Founder of the IJA 5838: 5691: 5515: 5315: 5147: 5100: 5010: 4922: 4701: 4402: 4311: 4280:

ascended to the throne on 25 December 1926, upon the death of his father

3938: 3858: 3544: 3261: 3095:, showing the Prime Minister speaking addressing the House of Peers, 1915 2752: 2740: 2725: 2721: 2428: 2308: 2116: 2065: 2006: 1471: 1077: 675: 585: 569: 18096: 10097:"Question 1917年（大正6年）のロシア革命時に、シベリアに在留していたポーランド孤児を日本政府が救済したことについて調べています。" 9108: 8628: 6466: 6420: 6350: 5017:

and for technological and economic cooperation between the signatories.

4288:. He would rule Japan as the 126th emperor to claim direct descent from 4177: 3565: 2585: 2566: 1835: 16937: 16690: 16669: 15562: 14895: 14823: 12037: 11653: 11299: 11142: 10656:"WW2 historical markers remind Pinoys of Bataan's role on Day of Valor" 10562: 10538: 10459: 9190: 7882: 7672: 7152: 6967: 6749:

Medical scientists, biologists, evolutionary theorists, and geneticists

5726: 5699: 5549:

led to the fall of Japan's Manchurian occupation, Soviet occupation of

5406: 5166: 4803: 4586: 4439: 4427: 4339: 4327: 4310:

Important institutional links existed between the party in government (

4243: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3618: 3330: 3111:

with suspicion and trepidation, and favored a gradualist approach. The

3073:, unlike the original destroyed wooden version of the bridge from 836. 2921: 2503: 2491: 2416: 2383: 2356: 2037: 1543: 1526: 1273: 1222: 1108: 837: 288: 11946: 10995:

British Naval Strategy East of Suez, 1900–2000: Influences and Actions

10486: 10170:. House of Representatives of Japan. November 16, 2000. Archived from 10047:

The Abacus and the Sword: The Japanese Penetration of Korea, 1895–1910

9380:, p. 285) speculates that Yoshinobu had agreed to an assembly of 5397:

Australian land forces defeated Japanese Marines in New Guinea at the

5274:, joining 50,000 taken in the Japanese invasion of Malaya (modern day 4424:), to form the ideological basis of the movement (Shōwa nationalism). 4407: 3815: 3775:). In Japan, a more common description is "The Korea of Japanese rule" 2951: 2272:). The name "Empire of Japan" appeared for the first time in the 1854 18770: 18686: 18638: 18563: 18489: 18251: 17200: 16605: 16402: 16213: 16011: 15966: 13910: 13677: 12364: 12339: 12334: 12147: 12018: 11951: 11623: 9072:"The Dialectics of Remembrance: Memories of Empire in Cold War Japan" 8528:

No multiple era names were given for each reign after Emperor Meiji.

8275: 8271: 8263: 8111: 8066: 8010: 7983:

1930: Hamaguchi is wounded in an assassination attempt (November 14).

5875:, the 3rd head of a collateral branch of the Japanese Imperial Family 5574: 5527: 5198:

the Japanese overwhelmed an Allied army composed of British, Indian,

5070: 4987: 4745: 4713: 4319: 4289: 4107: 3963: 3533: 3287:

of Meiji 4 (1871) abolished the local currencies and established the

3166:

Article 11. The Emperor has the supreme command of the Army and Navy.

3123: 3104: 2859: 2801: 2786: 2772: 2767:

History of the Catholic Church in Japan § Rediscovery and return

2729: 2420: 2368: 2338: 2049: 1853: 1569: 1289: 1263: 126: 15487: 9733:

Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture

4527:), before the end of World War II, it was originally referred to as 4218: 3380:. Soon afterward, Russia occupied the Liaodong Peninsula, built the 3062:

Japanese had to look at old paintings in order to find out what the

2351: 15471: 15199: 14170: 12443: 11876: 11567: 11511: 10847:"Castles and the Militarisation of Urban Society in Imperial Japan" 9408:, p. 122. Original quotation (Japanese): "短刀一本あればかたづくことだ." in 8500:

The Japanese imperial family name has no surname or dynastic name.

8445: 8267: 7970: 7647: 6325: 6246: 6216: 5772:. The Emperor was in the center of this power structure as supreme 5758:

List of Japanese government and military commanders of World War II

5667: 5652: 5567: 5531: 5326: 5275: 5237:, the Japanese pushed the combined American-Filipino force towards 5130: 4681: 4594: 4581: 4277: 4165: 4016: 3871: 3867: 3637: 3504: 3230: 2959: 2905: 2897: 2854: 2776: 2702: 2191: 2136: 1819: 1803: 492: 383: 193: 153: 11343: 6619:(1875–1960) was a mathematician who made seminal contributions to 4299: 4052: 3435:

under Lt. General Yamaguchi Motoomi; the remainder were 540 naval

2626: 18000: 11618: 8733:

in Tokyo, took on ever greater proportions as their number grew."

8484:

Each posthumous name was given after the respective era names as

8096: 8062: 5675: 5593:

and other territories. In a national radio address on August 15,

5311: 5295: 5066: 4811: 4798:

Japan invaded China proper in 1937, beginning a war against both

4783: 4496: 4416: 4005: 3934: 3710: 3678:

In January 1876, following the Meiji Restoration, Japan employed

3471: 3345: 3137: 2913: 2824: 2682: 2577:

came to an end in May 1869 and the remaining forces surrendered.

2408: 1997: 372: 5887:

His Imperial Highness Marquess Michitsune Koga, a member of the

2359:

came to an end when the country was forced open to trade by the

18285: 16081: 14679: 12296: 11470: 11281: 10883:

End of Empire: 100 Days in 1945 that Changed Asia and the World

8721: 8720:

Although the Empire of Japan officially had no state religion,

5707: 5690:

historically belonged to Japan and were first inhabited by the

5671: 5663: 5487: 5287: 5279: 5170:

Victorious Japanese troops marching through the city center of

5054: 4936: 4890: 4810:. On December 13 of that same year, the Nationalist capital of 4700:

from the Chinese, although the majority of the population were

4697: 4590: 4544: 3753: 3735: 3717: 3528:

After the uprising, Japan and the Western countries signed the

3224: 3214: 2981: 2863: 2698: 2345: 2321: 2045: 1248: 12536: 10881:

Chandler, David P.; Cribb, Robert; Narangoa, Li, eds. (2016).

10617:"Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942" 9158:

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

4420:

code) and contemporary local and European fascist ideals (see

3103:. The conservative Meiji oligarchy viewed anything resembling 18247: 18006: 16269: 14338: 11663: 10784:"Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History: Japan, 1900 a.d.–present" 10725:"Resurgent Japan military 'can stand toe to toe with anybody" 10481:. International Research Center for Japanese Studies: 166–7. 10073:

A reckless adventure in Taiwan amid Meiji Restoration turmoil

9523:(in Japanese). The Orthodox Church in Japan. February 1, 2007 8898:

International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania

6636:

Anthropologists, ethnologists, archaeologists, and historians

6256: 6229: 5659: 4548: 3769: 3749: 3731: 3498:

had joined British, Russian, and German sailors to seize the

3479:

provisional force of 1,300 troops commanded by Major General

3341: 2619:

also aimed to boost morale and win financial support for the

2490:

attacks in Edo, starting with the burning of the outworks of

2487: 2471: 2316: 2168: 2111:

initially achieved large-scale military successes during the

2068:. Economic and political turmoil in the 1920s, including the 920: 294: 282: 206: 10823:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

10032:

The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero

9832:

The Ashio Riot of 1907: A Social History of Mining in Japan.

9521:"日本の正教会の歴史と現代 "History of Japanese Orthodox Church and Now"" 8128:(March 30). Abe Nobuyuki becomes prime minister (August 30). 5589:, the declaration of war by the Soviet Union and subsequent 5556:

superior numbers of the armies of the Soviet Union in Europe

5278:). The Japanese then seized the key oil production zones of 2050:

a period of large-scale industrialization and militarization

1925:

Imperial State of Greater Japan or the Great Japanese Empire

8489: 5491: 5291: 5206:

forces. The Japanese were quickly able to advance down the

4947: 4729: 3675:

in order to further their security and national interests.

2127:, Japan was forced to adopt a defensive stance against the 10781: 8039:

becomes prime minister (July 8). Japan withdraws from the

8025:

becomes prime minister (May 15). Japan is censured by the

5378:

In April 1942, Japan was bombed for the first time in the

4431:

Rebel troops assembling at police headquarters during the

3734:: 日帝强占期). Other terms include "Japanese Imperial Period" ( 2689:

as "an attempt to control popular thought with a blend of

18614:

States and territories in the sphere of influence of the

10168:"第150回国会政治倫理の確立及び公職選挙法改正に関する特別委員会第12号平成12年11月16日（木曜日）" 9707:"Shinbutsu bunri – the separation of Shinto and Buddhism" 9351: 9303: 8973: 8971: 8673:

Germany–Japan industrial co-operation before World War II

5051:, who put forward the then-controversial theory that the 4106:

Unstable coalitions and divisiveness in the Diet led the

3288: 3069:

The Japanese used mostly concrete in 1934 to rebuild the

2630:

Prominent members of the Iwakura mission. Left to right:

2303:, with the intention of forming a modern state to resist 11011: 10638:"Oil and Japanese Strategy in the Solomons: A Postulate" 9432: 9430: 9000:"Chronological table 5 December 1, 1946 – June 23, 1947" 8254:

becomes prime minister (April 7). Allied victory at the

8017:

as emperor (February 29). Inukai is assassinated during

6623:, and a member of the selection committee for the first 6541:(1847–1928), editor of two well-known Japanese-language 4314:) and military and political organizations, such as the 3376:

forced Japan to withdraw from Liaodong Peninsula in the

2804:

equal legal status. It is currently better known as the

2392:(literally "Revere the Emperor, expel the barbarians"). 9726:"Process of architectural wooden preservation in Japan" 9658:

Japan's Modern Castles Episode One: Himeji Castle (姫路城)

7409: 7094: 4829:

was also set up in China quickly afterwards, headed by

4457:

On February 26, 1936, a coup d'état was attempted (the

4369: 3372:

to Japan. After the peace treaty, Russia, Germany, and

3212:

Baron Masuda Tarokaja, a member of the House of Peers (

15341:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

10596: 10537:

Reader, Ian (2003). Befu, Harumi; Oguma, Eiji (eds.).

10297:

Heteroglossic Asia: The Transformation of Urban Taiwan

9996: 9603:"A Race Across Japan to See its Last Original Castles" 9315: 9291: 9217: 9205: 8968: 8891: 8756: 8750: 7297:

Philosophers, educators, mathematicians, and polymaths

5025:

celebrated the 2600th anniversary of Jimmu's ascension

2999: 2992: 2928:. Nicholas has since been canonized as a saint by the 2753:

Transposition in social order and cultural destruction

2013:

was issued on 2 September 1945 in compliance with the

1885: 10880: 10584: 10013: 10011: 10009: 9994: 9992: 9990: 9988: 9986: 9984: 9982: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9853:

Hardy's Case, The Japan Weekly Mail, January 4, 1875.

9427: 8124:

becomes prime minister (January 5). Japan annexs the

6321:(1887–1944), attack on Pearl Harbor, Battle of Midway 6177:: Chief of Staff of the Army, Prime Minister of Japan 5330:

A model representing the attack by dive bombers from

5059:'s accounts were not based on history (as Edo period 4790:, the main gate leading onward to the palaces in the 4322:. Amongst the himitsu kessha (secret societies), the 3466:. The Japanese were able to contribute 52 men to the 2466:

On January 3, 1868, Satsuma-Chōshū forces seized the

2419:

was fired on from coastal batteries near the town of

10632: 10630: 10293: 9951: 9949: 9932:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 225. 9415: 9387: 9339: 9327: 8956: 8668:

Foreign commerce and shipping of the Empire of Japan

8610: 8032:

1933: Japan leaves the League of Nations (March 27).

3886:. The swift invasion in the German territory of the 2561:

Pro-Tokugawa remnants retreated to northern Honshū (

2367:

arrived in Japan in 1854. Thus, the period known as

2324:"Empire of the Sun" and "Empire of the Rising Sun". 10905:

Japan's Imperial Army: Its Rise and Fall, 1853–1945

10429:"2600th Anniversary of the Founding of Japan, 1940" 9462:"明治8年（1875）4月｜漸次立憲政体樹立の詔が発せられ、元老院・大審院が設置される：日本のあゆみ" 8792:, "Enrich the Country, Strengthen the Armed Forces" 6581:(1803–1901) was a biologist and a professor at the 3115:demanded the immediate establishment of an elected 2482:and ordered the confiscation of Yoshinobu's lands. 11116: 11039: 11020:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 10539:"Identity, Nihonjinron, and Academic (Dis)honesty" 10445: 10314: 10006: 9973: 9961: 9799: 8994: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8270:(August 9), the Soviet Union and Mongolia invade 5597:announced the surrender to the Japanese people by 4484:, even if that meant suspending the constitution. 3175:Article 14. The Emperor declares a state of siege. 2720:, whose works included "Conditions in the West", " 2194:. The Imperial era came to an end partway through 2182:In total, the Empire of Japan had three emperors: 10627: 10404:. December 6, 1938. p. 36/42. Archived from 10068: 10066: 9946: 9929:A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present 9384:in the hope that such a body would reinstate him. 8846:"Explore Japan National Flag and National Anthem" 8724:played an important part for the Japanese state. 4040:human cost, the administration of Prime Minister 2759:Japanese new religions § Before World War II 19034: 18412:Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan and British North Borneo 12521:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 11119:Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852–1912 8508:Emperor Meiji was known only by the appellation 6149:: Chief of Staff of the Army, Governor of Taiwan 5978:Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation 5776:of the Imperial Armed Forces and head of state. 4836: 3713:in Japan through the annexation treaty in 1910. 3474:, having suffered more than 300 casualties. The 3248:Economic development was characterized by rapid 3151:Article 3. The Emperor is sacred and inviolable. 2936:to Japan. His commemoration day is February 16. 2932:in 1970, and is now recognized as St. Nicholas, 2845:The social tension continued to grow during the 2431:and attacks against foreign property led to the 2403:during 1862 led to the murder of an Englishman, 2299:, which founded their new government during the 2005:, with Japan defeated alongside the rest of the 13513:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 12491:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation 8983: 7973:is formally installed as emperor (November 10). 5210:, forcing the Allied forces to retreat towards 4946:In 1938, Japan prohibited the expulsion of the 4300:Rise of militarism and its social organisations 4071:On 1 September 1923, at a magnitude of 7.9, an 4047: 4032:based in Vladivostok against the Moscow-backed 3784: 3392:, built Tsingtao fortress and based the German 3360:, and nearly destroyed the Chinese navy in the 2879: 2541: 2320:characters and its flag, it was also given the 2219:, which translates to "Empire of Great Japan" ( 11480: 11162:Japanese Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period 10246:. University of Wisconsin Pres. January 1996. 10063: 9808:Technology and Industrial Development in Japan 8801: 8787: 8688:List of territories occupied by Imperial Japan 8464: 8451: 8436: 8415: 8402: 8387: 8364: 8351: 8336: 8054:becomes prime minister (March 9). Japan signs 6560: 6550: 6497: 5078: 5060: 5052: 4708:in the 19th century. Japan then established a 4706:large scale settlement of Chinese in Manchuria 4480:, who repeatedly counseled him to implement a 4133: 4120: 4111: 3778: 3051:and the Meiji government built the new modern 2873: 2535: 2451:died of smallpox and was replaced by his son, 2343:After two centuries, the seclusion policy, or 2256: 2248: 2236: 2228: 2220: 2212: 1860: 1858: 1842: 1840: 1824: 1808: 58: 19113:States and territories disestablished in 1947 18599: 18328: 17986: 14695: 12552: 11359: 11095:Concise Dictionary of Modern Japanese History 11046:. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. 10335: 10162: 10160: 9919: 8565:Flag of the Empire of Japan from 1870 to 1999 5606: 4354:(to 1945), Shintoist Rites Research Council, 4149:and the Rikken Minseitō alternated in power. 3244:Economic history of Japan § 20th century 2763:Christianity in Japan § Opening of Japan 2291:had existed since the anti-Tokugawa domains, 1767: 786:7,400,000 km (2,900,000 sq mi) 10854:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 10049:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 8949:Japan's Preoccupation with Religious Freedom 8925:. University of Chicago Press. p. 133. 8773:nation-state out of an older, heterogeneous 8080:becomes prime minister (February 2). Prince 6600:(1902–1995) was a seismologist, who won the 6272:Admiral Baron Akamatsu Noriyoshi (1841–1920) 5562:and Berlin, the division of Europe with the 4958:on which Japan had insisted for many years. 4168:during an army inspection on January 8, 1938 3950:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 3767: 3757: 3739: 3721: 3016:were closely linked. Under the Meiji regime 14003: 11843:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office 9810:. Oxford University Press. pp. 72–73. 9479:. International House of Japan. p. 14. 9154: 5482:in several hard-fought battles such as the 5362:in the morning of June 4, 1942, during the 5109:Map of Japanese conquests from 1937 to 1942 5090: 4802:'s Nationalists and also the Communists of 4767: 3866:base, German-leased territories in China's 778:1,984,000 km (766,000 sq mi) 19108:States and territories established in 1868 18606: 18592: 18335: 18321: 17993: 17979: 14702: 14688: 12559: 12545: 11366: 11352: 11226:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 11016:; Kanai, Madoka; Twitchett, Denis (1989). 10984:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 10771:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 50–56. 10157: 9862: 9559:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 9552: 9080:Comparative Studies in Society and History 8952:(Ph.D.). Princeton University. p. 76. 6555:, "sea of words", 1891) and its successor 5462:sank at her moorings in the naval base of 4866:On May 11, 1939, in the Nomonhan Incident 4623: 4156: 3294: 3119:, and the promulgation of a constitution. 2307:domination. Later the Empire emerged as a 2092:, and also conquering a large part of the 1774: 1760: 185: 12241:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 11856:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors 10746:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10186: 9042:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3. 9029: 8920: 8209:surrender (May 8). Allied victory at the 8160:Japanese naval forces attack Pearl Harbor 6195: 6063: 5722:that it was occupied by a foreign power. 5587:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 4559:Emperor in relation to the constitution. 4259:Learn how and when to remove this message 3810: 3629:, negotiated in the United States by the 2976:to visit Japan, in 1861–1862. His gospel 2153:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 191:The Empire of Japan at its peak in 1942 ( 18735:Reorganized National Government of China 13802:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 11629:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement 10925: 10580:. Naval Institute Press. pp. 80–81. 10472: 10426: 10402:Japan Center for Asian Historical Record 10294:Francis Chia-Hui Lin (January 9, 2015). 9661:. Japan's Modern Castles. April 6, 2020. 9474: 9409: 9321: 9297: 9270: 9264: 9253: 9251: 9235: 9150: 9148: 9146: 9144: 9035: 8693:Political parties of the Empire of Japan 6522:(1856–1925) was a botanist, who won the 6396: 6380: 6028: 5751: 5702:. Since 1945, Kuril has belonged to the 5621: 5451: 5325: 5165: 5104: 4993:On September 27, 1940, Japan signed the 4926: 4777: 4675: 4634:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement 4566: 4426: 4160: 4051: 3928: 3924: 3847:Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I 3814: 3543: 3403: 3207: 3086: 2950: 2625: 2584: 2580: 2569:), where they established the breakaway 2507: 14179:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 11253: 11234: 11123:. New York: Columbia University Press. 10844: 10766: 10741: 10727:. CNN. December 7, 2016. Archived from 10602: 10590: 10575: 10266: 10234: 10228:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan 9863:Clark, Gregory; Ishii, Tatsuya (2012). 9805: 9749: 9556:Kanban: Traditional Shop Signs of Japan 9223: 9211: 7949: 5694:before coming under the control of the 4472:A third point of view was supported by 3636:. As a result, Russia lost the part of 3203: 2395:In March 1863, the Emperor issued the " 14: 19035: 18980:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 18687:Mengjiang United Autonomous Government 16549: 16527:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 12439:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 11179: 11092: 11070: 11034: 10536: 10300:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 85–. 9768: 9752:"After 51 Years, a Temple Is Restored" 9686: 9671: 9546: 9436: 9357: 9309: 9069: 9023: 8977: 8962: 8945: 8577:War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army 5611: 5581:, the Empire of Japan surrendered and 4653:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 4642: 4607:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 4318:and the "Political Department" of the 3752:: 日帝時代) or "Japanese administration" ( 3655: 2198:, and he remained emperor until 1989. 36:. For the book by Sarah C. Paine, see 18587: 18316: 18236:Temporary Nan'yō Islands Defense Unit 17974: 17398:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 16830:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 16476:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 16432:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 15537:Rape during the occupation of Germany 14683: 14132:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 13468:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 12540: 11347: 11198: 11147: 11111: 10959: 10816: 10744:The Cambridge History of Japan Vol. 6 10614: 10386: 9621:"Japanese castles History of Castles" 9588:TenguLife: The curious guide to Japan 9448: 9421: 9405: 9393: 9377: 9373: 9369: 9345: 9333: 9274:Ben-Ami Shillony – Collected Writings 9248: 9141: 8158:becomes prime minister (October 18). 5161: 4117:Constitutional Government Association 3539: 2831:communities turning into slum areas. 19063:Former countries in Japanese history 18771:Provisional Government of Free India 18030:Karafuto Civil Administration Office 16520:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 15552:Rape during the liberation of France 14536:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 11848:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff 11604:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 11158: 10899: 10499: 10439: 10427:Sundberg, Steve (October 22, 2018). 10373:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 10320: 10200:. 台湾研究フォーラム【台湾研究論壇】. Archived from 10101:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 10044: 10017: 10000: 9967: 9925: 9899:A study on the Central Bank of Japan 9502: 9238:"Japan's Quest for Empire 1931–1945" 8892:Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996). 8678:Industrial production in Shōwa Japan 8228:(February 9). Allied victory at the 7410:Chemists, physicists, and geologists 7095:Inventors, industrialists, engineers 6461: 6415: 6345: 6033:From left to right: Marshal Admiral 5626:A drawing depicting a speech in the 4782:The Japanese occupation of Beiping ( 4489:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 4398:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 4370:Nationalism and decline of democracy 4241:adding citations to reliable sources 4212: 4171: 3982:American Expeditionary Force Siberia 3560: 3113:Freedom and People's Rights Movement 2040:and the restoration of power to the 14465:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 13259:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 12511:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman 11758:East Asia Development Board (Kōain) 11373: 10992: 10829:from the original on June 30, 2012. 10623:from the original on July 26, 2011. 10506:The Power of Memory in Modern Japan 10361: 10267:Griffin, Roger (October 11, 2013). 10154:(Oxford: Westview Press, 1992) 234. 9955: 9750:Burgess, John (December 26, 1985). 9600: 8711:Modified version used in 1880–1945. 8589:Naval ensign of the Empire of Japan 8187:Japan bombs Australia (February 19) 7990:becomes prime minister (April 14). 6025:Armed Forces of the Empire of Japan 5630:on November 1, 1945, following the 5194:to the Japanese on December 25. In 4562: 3996:By November 1918, more than 70,000 3882:in the Pacific, which were part of 3222:, was responsible for transforming 3076: 24: 19053:Former countries in Southeast Asia 18675:South Chahar Autonomous Government 18663:North Shanxi Autonomous Government 18344:Countries and territories occupied 16746:German invasion of the Netherlands 15026:Weather events during World War II 13198:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 11165:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. 11097:. University of California Press. 10514:10.1163/ej.9781905246380.i-382.134 9842:American Historical Review, 104:3. 8923:The Invention of Religion in Japan 8643:Agriculture in the Empire of Japan 8239:becomes prime minister (July 22). 7966:becomes prime minister (April 20). 6565:, "great sea of words", 1932–1937) 5643:Constitution and enforce the 1946 5344:on the Japanese aircraft carriers 4912: 3399: 2789:government issued a decree called 2163:, during which US military leader 333:Recognised regional languages 161: 25: 19139: 17377:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 11274: 11182:Japan: The Rise of a Modern Power 10674:"Battle of Midway – Nihon Kaigun" 10152:Modern Japan: A Historical Survey 10029: 9844:June 1999. Retrieved 16 June 2011 9771:"20 PLACES YOU MUST SEE IN KYOTO" 9584:"The Rise of the Concrete Castle" 9236:Townsend, Susan (July 17, 2018). 9126:from the original on July 8, 2020 8648:Demography of the Empire of Japan 8084:becomes prime minister (June 4). 6342:Demography of the Empire of Japan 6283: 6200: 5678:. This was confirmed by the 1951 4954:in accordance with the spirit of 3799:, on September 2, 1945, upon the 3701:occupied and declared a Japanese 3317:. Korea had traditionally been a 3256:, and the transformation of many 3194:House of Representatives of Japan 2145:Allied invasion of mainland Japan 990:Tokyo Industrial Exhibition, 1907 18959: 18947: 18935: 18923: 18911: 18899: 18887: 18874: 18861: 18849: 18837: 18825: 18813: 18801: 18789: 18776: 18764: 18752: 18740: 18728: 18716: 18704: 18692: 18680: 18668: 18656: 18651:East Hebei Autonomous Government 18644: 18632: 18430: 17937: 14709: 13561:Second Battle of the Piave River 13183:Russian invasion of East Prussia 12211:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 11479: 11280: 10810: 10797: 10782:The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 10775: 10760: 10735: 9723: 9687:Baseel, Casey (March 27, 2017). 9601:Foo, Audrey (January 17, 2019). 9553:Scott Pate, Alan (May 9, 2017). 9259:European Dictatorships 1918-1945 8921:Josephson, Jason Ānanda (2012). 8900:. UK: Routledge. p. 515ff. 8658:Education in the Empire of Japan 8627: 8613: 8594: 8582: 8570: 8558: 8219:Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands 8213:(June 6). Allied victory in the 8207:Battle of the Philippines (1942) 8166:(December 25). Japan annexs the 8117:to Japanese forces (October 21). 7980:becomes prime minister (July 2). 7622: 7605: 7588: 7559: 7548: 7525: 7517: 7470: 7396: 7271: 7248: 7057: 6956: 6945: 6928: 6911: 6894: 6850: 6800: 6711: 6609: 6590: 6570: 6531: 6512: 6465: 6458:Education in the Empire of Japan 6419: 6349: 5904: 5895:. He was the former Governor of 5880: 5864: 5849: 4529:Emperor's Crown Amalgamate Style 4217: 4176: 4030:Provisional Priamurye Government 3958:Japanese intervention in Siberia 3915:anti-Japanese sentiment in China 3564: 2904:and some other religious books ( 2798:Edict Abolishing Ignoble Classes 2565:) and later to Ezo (present-day 2425:bombarding the port of Kagoshima 2247:is itself composed of the nouns 2177:Japanese constitutional monarchy 2011:Japanese Instrument of Surrender 1959:took effect on 3 May 1947. From 984: 925: 911: 886: 872: 103: 89: 19103:1947 disestablishments in Japan 18711:Provisional Government of China 14632:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 13832:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 12566: 12226:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 11256:A Companion to Japanese History 10962:Japan 1941: Countdown to Infamy 10837: 10717: 10701: 10684: 10666: 10648: 10608: 10569: 10530: 10493: 10466: 10420: 10326: 10287: 10260: 10243:A History of Fascism, 1914–1945 10216: 10144: 10114: 10089: 10038: 10023: 9907: 9891: 9878: 9872:University of California, Davis 9856: 9847: 9824: 9781: 9769:Hannah, Dayna (June 12, 2018). 9762: 9743: 9717: 9699: 9680: 9665: 9649: 9631: 9613: 9594: 9576: 9535: 9513: 9483: 9468: 9454: 9442: 9399: 9363: 9229: 9063: 9017: 8809: 8795: 8781: 8763: 8736: 8683:Japanese nuclear weapon program 8516:and received the personal name 8058:with Germany (November 25) and 7635: 6502: 6335: 6279:(1868–1918), Battle of Tsushima 6153: 6068: 4851:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 4410:(Control Group) led by General 4228:needs additional citations for 4139:Constitutional Democratic Party 3843:Japanese entry into World War I 3462:, under the command of Captain 3043:During the Meiji restoration's 2656:territorial delimitation treaty 2516:, May 1869; in the foreground, 2494:, the main Tokugawa residence. 19123:1947 disestablishments in Asia 19073:Former monarchies of East Asia 17624:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 15334:Territorial changes of Germany 15242:Indonesian National Revolution 14455:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 14314:Deportations from East Prussia 14111:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 12481:Japanese settlers in Manchuria 11599:Imperial Rescript on Education 11237:The Allied Occupation of Japan 11078:. Cambridge University Press. 11018:The Cambridge History of Japan 10576:Morison, Samuel Eliot (2010). 10500:Joos, Joël (January 1, 2008). 9490:The Secret of Japan's Strength 8946:Thomas, Jolyon Baraka (2014). 8939: 8914: 8885: 8859: 8838: 8714: 8705: 8653:Economy of the Empire of Japan 7522:Suekichi Kinoshita (1877–1935) 6412:Economy of the Empire of Japan 6385:Population density map of the 6210:Prince Higashifushimi Yorihito 6135:: Chief of Staff of the Army, 6045:(1845–1929) and Field Marshal 5428:Philippines campaign (1944–45) 4815:surrendered to Japanese troops 4753: 4742:Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies 4721: 4668:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 3832: 3388:in the port. Germany occupied 3240:Economy of the Empire of Japan 2453:Crown Prince Mutsuhito (Meiji) 2255:"referring to an emperor" and 2201: 2109:Imperial Japanese Armed Forces 1886: 158:"His Imperial Majesty's Reign" 13: 1: 19048:Former countries in East Asia 18699:Shanghai Great Way Government 18001:Former external territories ( 17024:Japanese invasion of Thailand 16975:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 16739:German invasion of Luxembourg 15120:Mediterranean and Middle East 14366:Ukrainian Canadian internment 11932:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha) 11838:Imperial General Headquarters 11429:Foreign commerce and shipping 10819:"Vice-Admiral Chuichi Nagumo" 10086:, Retrieved on July 22, 2007. 9672:Carter, Alex (May 22, 2010). 8826: 8099:(December 13), beginning the 7164:Shimose Masachika (1860–1911) 7119:Murata Tsuneyoshi (1838–1921) 6817:Juntaro takahashi (1856–1920) 6058:Imperial General Headquarters 6041:(1847–1930), Marshal Admiral 5976:: Foreign Minister of Japan, 5871:His Imperial Highness Prince 5496:United States Army Air Forces 5321: 4837:Clashes with the Soviet Union 4817:. In the event known as the " 4189: with: Article 11 of the 4073:earthquake struck Kantō Plain 4021:Nikolayevsk on the Amur River 3266:Japanese trade-union movement 2528:of the Imperial Japanese Navy 2497: 2332: 19098:1868 establishments in Japan 19058:Former monarchies of Oceania 18985:Greater East Asia Conference 18723:Reformed Government of China 18300:Civil Affairs Bureau | 18296:Civil Affairs Bureau | 18292:Civil Affairs Bureau | 18288:Civil Affairs Bureau | 16931:Invasion of the Soviet Union 16620:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 15938:Independent State of Croatia 14521:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 13820:Estonian War of Independence 13488:Southern Palestine offensive 12259:Hirohito surrender broadcast 11659:Greater East Asia Conference 11254:Tsutsui, William M. (2009). 11154:. G2mil – via YouTube. 11076:The Emergence of Meiji Japan 9789:"1889 Japanese Constitution" 8831: 8601:Flag of the Japanese Emperor 8430: 8381: 8330: 8224:1943: Allied victory in the 6583:Imperial University in Tokyo 6451: 6191:: Chief of Staff of the Army 6170:: Chief of Staff of the Army 6163:: Chief of Staff of the Army 6116:: Chief of Staff of the Army 6095:: Chief of Staff of the Army 6088:: Chief of Staff of the Army 5919: 5801:HIH Marquess Michitsune Koga 5762: 5433: 4657: 4585:trading groups (principally 4332:Imperial Farmers Association 3822:, the 123rd emperor of Japan 3786:Nippon Tōchi-jidai no Chōsen 3135:Imperial Japan was founded, 2785:. In 1871, the newly formed 2592:, the 122nd emperor of Japan 2157:Soviet invasion of Manchuria 1955:on 3 January 1868 until the 434:semi-constitutional monarchy 7: 19118:1868 establishments in Asia 18784:Republic of the Philippines 18392:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 17915:End of World War II in Asia 17755:Western invasion of Germany 17262:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 17239:Second Battle of El Alamein 16809:Hundred Regiments Offensive 16781:Battle of the Mediterranean 16634:Italian invasion of Albania 14808:Air warfare of World War II 14475:USA against Austria-Hungary 13874:Turkish War of Independence 13826:Latvian War of Independence 13551:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 13142:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 11644:Supreme Court of Judicature 8757: 8751: 8606: 8305: 8177:(January 30 – February 3). 8137:Hundred Regiments Offensive 8092:(July 31). Japanese troops 7203:Masuda Tarokaja (1875–1953) 6678:Fujioka Katsuji (1872–1935) 6498:Notable scholars/scientists 6037:(1848–1934), Field Marshal 6018: 5651:which changed Japan into a 5632:end of the Second World War 5494:in the summer of 1944, the 5079: 5061: 5053: 4907:Mongolian People's Republic 3785: 3049:Shrine Consolidation Policy 3000: 2993: 2880: 2542: 2257: 2249: 2237: 2229: 2221: 10: 19144: 19078:History of Japan by period 18844:Occupied Dutch East Indies 17841:Naval bombardment of Japan 17209:First Battle of El Alamein 17128:Battle of Christmas Island 17073:Japanese invasion of Burma 16837:Italian invasion of Greece 16753:German invasion of Belgium 16725:German invasion of Denmark 16698:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 16567:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 14831:Comparative military ranks 14558:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 14106:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 13566:Second Battle of the Marne 13453:Second battle of the Aisne 13322:Second Battle of Champagne 13163:German invasion of Belgium 12350:Second Philippine Republic 12128:Manchuria–Mongolia problem 11180:Porter, Robert P. (1918). 11151:Teaching Japan Imperialism 11042:The Making of Modern Japan 10926:Hagiwara, Kōichi (2004). 10909:University Press of Kansas 9886:Money And Banking in Japan 9806:Odagiri, Hiroyuki (1996). 9674:"Japanese Concrete Castle" 9271:Shillony, Ben-Ami (2013). 9175:10.1177/000271624523700108 9070:Conrad, Sebastian (2014). 8551: 8139:(August–September). Japan 6455: 6409: 6405: 6339: 6022: 5755: 5615: 5607:End of the Empire of Japan 5526:on the Japanese cities of 5500:strategic bombing campaign 5456:The rebuilt battlecruiser 5437: 5094: 4916: 4840: 4823:People's Republic of China 4771: 4724:), and installed the last 4661: 4646: 4627: 4491:in 1940 by Prime Minister 4487:With the launching of the 4395: 4373: 4303: 4270: 4002:Russian Maritime Provinces 3947: 3850: 3836: 3825: 3707:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 3659: 3554: 3419: 3327:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 3305:Taiwan under Japanese rule 3298: 3237: 3080: 2770: 2756: 2595: 2553:to the Imperial side. The 2501: 2433:bombardment of Shimonoseki 2336: 2327: 2161:Allied occupation of Japan 952:73.1 million lived in the 945:56.0 million lived in the 31: 18975: 18626: 18556: 18477: 18439: 18428: 18358: 18271: 18221: 18165: 18082: 18013: 17930: 17762:Bratislava–Brno offensive 17702: 17693:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 17430: 17317:Allied invasion of Sicily 17271: 17177:Aleutian Islands campaign 17149:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 17096: 17087:Greek famine of 1941–1944 16982:Second Battle of Changsha 16887:German invasion of Greece 16855: 16732:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 16707: 16645: 16540: 16421: 16147: 16057: 15905: 15608: 15599: 15357: 15182: 15074:North and Central Pacific 15035: 14797: 14790: 14717: 14664: 14623: 14544: 14483: 14445: 14389: 14378: 14339:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 14282: 14254: 14202: 14124: 14098: 14050: 13943: 13936: 13868:Irish War of Independence 13764: 13646: 13611:Armistice of Villa Giusti 13596:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 13521: 13423: 13350: 13251: 13208:First Battle of the Marne 13155: 13117: 13052: 13043: 12986: 12860: 12849: 12815: 12787: 12749: 12701: 12654: 12647: 12574: 12458: 12431: 12373: 12327: 12284: 12277: 12231:Japan during World War II 12191:Pacification of Manchukuo 12161: 12091: 12083:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 12078:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 12016: 12009: 11960: 11947:Control Faction (Tōseiha) 11900: 11826: 11819: 11766: 11684: 11677: 11669:Imperial Japanese Airways 11576: 11523: 11488: 11477: 11381: 11320: 11307: 11295: 11258:. John Wiley & Sons. 10866:10.1017/S0080440118000063 10078:October 31, 2007, at the 9376:, p. 283. Moreover, 9277:. Routledge. p. 83. 9093:10.1017/S0010417513000601 8802: 8788: 8746: 8540: 8532: 8524: 8504: 8496: 8480: 8465: 8452: 8437: 8416: 8403: 8388: 8365: 8352: 8337: 8141:occupies French Indochina 7986:1931: Hamaguchi dies and 6561: 6551: 6184:: Prime Minister of Japan 6131:Lieutenant General Baron 6011:: Japanese ambassador to 5422:on October 20, 1944. The 5247:General Douglas MacArthur 5186:, British Malaya and the 5097:Japan during World War II 4950:in Japan, Manchuria, and 4931:Signing ceremony for the 4680:Japanese troops entering 4672:Pacification of Manchukuo 4414:. He linked the ancient ( 4316:Imperial Young Federation 4134: 4121: 4112: 4100:Japanese general election 3888:Kiautschou Bay concession 3779: 3768: 3758: 3740: 3722: 3662:Korea under Japanese rule 2874: 2707:conflict with the samurai 2662:in 1875, gaining all the 2606:Government of Meiji Japan 2536: 2405:Charles Lennox Richardson 2397:order to expel barbarians 2213: 2173:Japan Self-Defense Forces 1993:Kwantung Leased Territory 1939:, also known as the 1929: 1921: 1916: 1908: 1903: 1879: 1874: 1870: 1861: 1859: 1852: 1843: 1841: 1834: 1825: 1818: 1809: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1327:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 1302:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 941: 851: 825: 821: 811: 801: 797: 790: 782: 774: 767: 763: 750: 737: 724: 711: 698: 685: 672: 659: 646: 633: 620: 616: 598: 582: 566: 544: 540: 528: 518:• 1885–1888 (first) 516: 512: 502: 498: 486: 474: 462: 458: 448: 402: 364: 331: 321: 304: 275: 259: 184: 142: 136:The Oath in Five Articles 119: 85: 80: 59: 50: 18954:Occupied Solomon Islands 18942:Occupied Gilbert Islands 18832:Kingdom of Luang Prabang 18234:Civil Affairs Bureau of 18054:Motodomari Subprefecture 17354:Allied invasion of Italy 17331:Solomon Islands campaign 17080:Third Battle of Changsha 16677:First Battle of Changsha 16583:Second Sino-Japanese War 15523:German military brothels 15389:United States war crimes 14491:Constantinople Agreement 13784:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 13647:Co-belligerent conflicts 13616:Second Romanian campaign 13586:Third Transjordan attack 13297:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 13203:Battle of Grand Couronné 12206:Second Sino-Japanese War 12153:Racial Equality Proposal 11733:Agriculture and Commerce 10927: 10807:, New press, 1993, p. 11 10805:Japan in War & Peace 10767:Stephan, John J (1974). 9926:Seth, Michael J (2010). 9475:Kazuhiro, Takii (2007). 9372:, pp. 120–121, and 8698: 8258:(June 21). The US drops 8185:to Japan (February 15). 7992:Japan occupies Manchuria 7363:Totsudō Katō (1870–1949) 6785:Miyake Hiizu (1848–1938) 5412:Sixth United States Army 5091:World War II (1941–1945) 5027:and built a monument to 4935:, September 27, 1940 in 4774:Second Sino-Japanese War 4768:Second Sino-Japanese War 4556:parliamentary government 4364:Volunteer Fighting Corps 3969:signed a separate peace 3903:dispatched a Naval fleet 3839:Japan during World War I 3615:Battle of the Yellow Sea 3384:fortress, and based the 3362:Battle of the Yalu River 2737:Albrecht Fürst von Urach 2514:Naval Battle of Hakodate 2113:Second Sino-Japanese War 1917:Literal Translation name 1539:Great Hanshin earthquake 1457:Second Sino-Japanese War 702:Second Sino-Japanese War 592:House of Representatives 530:• 1946–1947 (last) 34:Japanese colonial empire 18881:Occupied British Borneo 18062:Tomarioru Subprefecture 17776:Second Guangxi campaign 17631:Philippines (1944–1945) 17135:Battle of the Coral Sea 17038:Fall of the Philippines 16684:Battle of South Guangxi 16590:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 15996:Italian Social Republic 14554:Modus vivendi of Acroma 14506:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 13814:Greater Poland Uprising 13714:National Protection War 13591:Meuse–Argonne offensive 13541:German spring offensive 13536:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 13312:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 13287:Second Battle of Artois 13168:Battle of the Frontiers 12123:Washington Naval Treaty 12068:Anglo–Japanese Alliance 12053:First Sino-Japanese War 11872:Nuclear weapons program 11614:Great Japan Youth Party 11541:National seals of Japan 11159:Nish, Ian Hill (2002). 11148:Meyer, Carlton (2019). 9036:Harrison, Mark (2000). 8282:), and Japan (northern 8235:1944: Tojo resigns and 8199:Battle of the Coral Sea 8193:(March 31 – April 10). 8041:Washington Naval Treaty 7929:Takahito, Prince Mikasa 6855:Yu Fujikawa (1865–1940) 5998:Lansing–Ishii Agreement 5958:Anglo-Japanese Alliance 5785:Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa 5680:Treaty of San Francisco 5388:Battle of the Coral Sea 4881:and other units of the 4847:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 4726:Manchu Emperor of China 4624:Later Shōwa (1931–1941) 4157:Early Shōwa (1926–1930) 4119:) and the Seiyū Hontō ( 3975:a multi-sided civil war 3919:Anglo-Japanese Alliance 3684:extraterritorial rights 3644:latitude (which became 3486:On 17 June 1900, naval 3311:First Sino-Japanese War 3301:First Sino-Japanese War 3295:First Sino-Japanese War 3252:, the development of a 2968:was the first ordained 2894:Russian Orthodox Church 2441:Satsuma-Chōshū alliance 2133:island-hopping campaign 2054:First Sino-Japanese War 1385:Intervention in Siberia 1312:First Sino-Japanese War 951: 944: 650:First Sino-Japanese War 322:Official languages 19068:Former empires in Asia 19019:35.68250°N 139.75278°E 18038:Toyohara Subprefecture 17361:Armistice of Cassibile 17163:Battle of Dutch Harbor 17114:Battle of the Java Sea 17017:Attack on Pearl Harbor 16917:Syria–Lebanon campaign 16910:Battle of South Shanxi 16880:Invasion of Yugoslavia 16663:Battle of the Atlantic 16277:Korean Liberation Army 15990:(until September 1943) 15947:(until September 1944) 15925:(until September 1944) 14579:Paris Peace Conference 14567:Ukraine–Central Powers 14361:Massacres of Albanians 14329:Late Ottoman genocides 14136:Bulgarian occupations 13844:Third Anglo-Afghan War 13808:Hungarian–Romanian War 13626:Naval Victory Bulletin 13621:Armistice with Germany 13571:Hundred Days Offensive 13498:Battle of La Malmaison 13448:Second battle of Arras 13415:Battle of Transylvania 13269:Second Battle of Ypres 13137:Sarajevo assassination 13026:South African Republic 12171:Shōwa financial crisis 11963:Imperial Japanese Navy 11903:Imperial Japanese Army 11634:Peace Preservation Law 11235:Takemae, Eiji (2003). 11093:Hunter, Janet (1984). 11064:April 3, 2020, at the 10845:Benesch, Oleg (2018). 10398:Five Ministers Council 9495:July 11, 2007, at the 8086:Battle of Lugou Bridge 6585:(University of Tokyo). 6402: 6394: 6302:attack on Pearl Harbor 6265:Marshal Admiral Baron 6196:Imperial Japanese Navy 6098:Field Marshal Marquis 6064:Imperial Japanese Army 6053: 5873:Kitashirakawa Naruhisa 5791:Kitashirakawa Naruhisa 5749: 5736: 5635: 5628:Imperial Japanese Diet 5554:allies. Likewise, the 5512:Operation Meetinghouse 5471: 5448:Victory over Japan Day 5405:in September 1942 and 5366: 5266:, causing the largest 5179: 5127:attack on Pearl Harbor 5110: 4943: 4885:then became involved. 4870:Battle of Khalkhin Gol 4795: 4693: 4576: 4573:Shōwa financial crisis 4571:A bank run during the 4435: 4422:Statism in Shōwa Japan 4380:Statism in Shōwa Japan 4169: 4093:Peace Preservation Law 4061: 4012:orphans from Siberia. 3945: 3823: 3811:Taishō era (1912–1926) 3552: 3441:Imperial Japanese Navy 3417: 3344:, and 3,000 landed at 3235: 3133: 3096: 2966:Divie Bethune McCartee 2962: 2930:Patriarchate of Moscow 2750: 2716:. One such writer was 2646: 2593: 2555:Battle of Toba–Fushimi 2529: 2361:Convention of Kanagawa 2274:Convention of Kanagawa 1951:that existed from the 1714:Science and technology 1467:Attack on Pearl Harbor 1390:Great Kantō earthquake 1332:Colonization of Taiwan 1259:Convention of Kanagawa 1099:Former Nine Years' War 1042:1000 BC – 300 AD 1028:14,000 – 1000 BC 311:Tokyo City (1868–1943) 179: 19093:20th century in Japan 19088:19th century in Japan 18856:Occupied West Sumatra 18256:Torakku Subprefecture 18070:Esutoru Subprefecture 18050:Shikuka Subprefecture 18042:Ōtomari Subprefecture 17525:Second Battle of Guam 17421:Bengal famine of 1943 17391:Second Battle of Kiev 17347:Battle of the Dnieper 17052:Battle of Wake Island 16924:East African campaign 16866:Battle of South Henan 16511:atrocities by Germans 16284:Korean Volunteer Army 15265:Occupation of Germany 15019:Music in World War II 14589:Treaty of St. Germain 14562:Russia–Central Powers 14516:Sykes–Picot Agreement 14344:Pontic Greek genocide 14319:Destruction of Kalisz 14295:Eastern Mediterranean 13856:Polish–Lithuanian War 13638:Armistice of Belgrade 13601:Armistice of Salonica 13531:Operation Faustschlag 13478:Third Battle of Oituz 13400:Baranovichi offensive 13368:Lake Naroch offensive 13342:Battle of Robat Karim 13317:Vistula–Bug offensive 13292:Battles of the Isonzo 13223:First Battle of Ypres 12113:Siberian Intervention 11922:Railways and Shipping 11738:Commerce and Industry 11434:Industrial production 11141:October 10, 2017, at 10941:] (in Japanese). 10642:www.combinedfleet.com 10270:The Nature of Fascism 10174:on September 28, 2011 9004:National Diet Library 8299:Constitution of Japan 8226:Battle of Guadalcanal 8197:on Tokyo (April 18). 8108:Battle of Taierzhuang 6400: 6384: 6159:Field Marshal Prince 6091:Field Marshal Prince 6084:Field Marshal Prince 6032: 5986:: Vice Consul to the 5948:Treaty of Shimonoseki 5752:Influential personnel 5744: 5731: 5660:modern state of Japan 5645:Constitution of Japan 5625: 5591:invasion of Manchuria 5498:conducted an intense 5455: 5329: 5192:Hong Kong surrendered 5169: 5108: 4930: 4857:Battle of Lake Khasan 4843:Battle of Lake Khasan 4781: 4679: 4570: 4533:Emperor's Crown Style 4430: 4396:Further information: 4164: 4079:of Korean residents. 4055: 4008:. Japan received 765 3954:Siberian Intervention 3932: 3925:Siberian Intervention 3818: 3611:Battle of Port Arthur 3547: 3433:5th Infantry Division 3407: 3386:Russian Pacific Fleet 3366:Treaty of Shimonoseki 3218:). His father, Baron 3211: 3128: 3090: 3032:smashed and destroyed 2954: 2934:Equal-to-the-Apostles 2842:status of burakumin. 2745: 2728:and a major force in 2649:Japan dispatched the 2629: 2588: 2581:Meiji era (1868–1912) 2511: 2458:On November 9, 1867, 2072:, led to the rise of 2036:, which followed the 2024:Under the slogans of 1957:Constitution of Japan 1432:Invasion of Manchuria 1357:Colonization of Korea 1317:Treaty of Shimonoseki 1056:300 AD – 538 AD 177: 19083:Japanese nationalism 18820:Kingdom of Kampuchea 18304:Civil Affairs Bureau 18264:Yarūto Subprefecture 18260:Ponape Subprefecture 18244:Saipan Subprefecture 18184:Shinchiku Prefecture 18074:Ushiro Subprefecture 18046:Rūtaka Subprefecture 17811:Surrender of Germany 17289:Battle of West Hubei 17246:Guadalcanal campaign 17216:Battle of Stalingrad 17142:Battle of Madagascar 15916:Albania protectorate 15703:(formerly Swaziland) 15412:Wehrmacht war crimes 15228:Expulsion of Germans 15012:Art and World War II 14910:British contribution 14859:Governments in exile 14584:Treaty of Versailles 14300:Mount Lebanon famine 14215:in the United States 14183:Russian occupations 13897:Turkish–Armenian War 13838:Polish–Ukrainian War 13778:Ukrainian–Soviet War 13725:Central Asian Revolt 13508:Armistice of Focșani 13238:Battle of Sarikamish 13188:Battle of Tannenberg 12584:Military engagements 12526:Political dissidence 12375:Occupied territories 12118:General Election Law 11942:Taiwan Army of Japan 11289:at Wikimedia Commons 10943:Kawade Shobō Shinsha 10932:Illustrated life of 10907:. Lawrence, Kansas: 10731:on December 4, 2018. 10132:on November 12, 2010 10045:Duus, Peter (1995). 9627:. September 4, 2021. 8806:, "Promote Industry" 8492:Dynasties of China. 8250:(March 26). Admiral 8241:Battle of Leyte Gulf 8201:(May 4–8). U.S. and 8183:Singapore surrenders 8048:February 26 Incident 8046:1936: Coup attempt ( 8013:is established with 7950:Timeline (1926–1947) 7728:Shin'ichirō Tomonaga 7385:Matsusaburo Fujiwara 6865:Kamakichi Kishinouye 6845:Yamagiwa Katsusaburō 6795:Kitasato Shibasaburō 6387:Japanese archipelago 6109:: Governor of Taiwan 5938:Treaty of Portsmouth 5715:US occupation forces 5520:Operation Starvation 5466:on July 24 during a 5264:fell to the Japanese 5243:island of Corregidor 5239:the Bataan Peninsula 5009:became known as the 4649:Japanese nationalism 4521:Imperial Crown Style 4482:direct imperial rule 4459:February 26 Incident 4448:Imperial Way Faction 4433:February 26 Incident 4392:February 26 Incident 4384:Imperial Way Faction 4376:Japanese nationalism 4348:Imperial Youth Corps 4237:improve this article 4034:Far Eastern Republic 3650:annex Korea outright 3627:Treaty of Portsmouth 3204:Economic development 3037:1964 Summer Olympics 3010:Japanese nationalism 2819:moved on to work in 2634:, Yamaguchi Masuka, 2423:. They responded by 1969:Japanese archipelago 1724:World Heritage Sites 1442:February 26 incident 1347:Treaty of Portsmouth 1208:Battle of Sekigahara 1104:Later Three-Year War 715:Founding of the IRAA 249:Occupied territories 29:Country in East Asia 19024:35.68250; 139.75278 19015: / 18966:Occupied New Guinea 18747:Kingdom of Thailand 18252:Yappu Subprefecture 18248:Parao Subprefecture 18066:Honto Subprefecture 18058:Maoka Subprefecture 18034:Karafuto Prefecture 17901:Potsdam Declaration 17790:Italy (Spring 1945) 17553:Liberation of Paris 17010:Siege of Sevastopol 16028:(until August 1944) 15931:Wang Jingwei regime 15753:from September 1943 15713:from September 1944 15651:from September 1944 15511:Romanian war crimes 15502:Persecution of Jews 15488:Croatian war crimes 15458:Japanese war crimes 15272:Occupation of Japan 15221:First Indochina War 14933:Military production 14845:Declarations of war 14651:They shall not pass 14574:Treaty of Bucharest 14531:Treaty of Bucharest 14470:USA against Germany 14447:Declarations of war 14151:German occupations 14064:British casualties 13923:Soviet–Georgian War 13850:Egyptian Revolution 13790:Armeno-Georgian War 13654:Somaliland campaign 13606:Armistice of Mudros 13483:Battle of Caporetto 13473:Battle of Mărășești 13443:Zimmermann telegram 13438:February Revolution 13383:Battle of the Somme 13307:Bug-Narew Offensive 13282:Battle of Gallipoli 13274:Sinking of the RMS 13066:Scramble for Africa 13060:Franco-Prussian War 12716:Sinai and Palestine 12345:Wang Jingwei regime 12255:Potsdam Declaration 12246:Soviet–Japanese War 12201:Anti-Comintern Pact 12196:January 28 incident 12181:London Naval Treaty 12058:Triple Intervention 11887:Supreme War Council 11771:deliberative bodies 11333:Occupation of Japan 11239:. Continuum Press. 11204:A Diplomat in Japan 11200:Satow, Ernest Mason 10960:Hotta, Eri (2013). 10543:Monumenta Nipponica 9830:Nimura, K. (1997). 9793:history.hanover.edu 9756:The Washington Post 9360:, pp. 310–311. 9312:, pp. 314–315. 8873:on February 2, 2017 8215:Battle of Milne Bay 8179:Battle of Palembang 8143:in the wake of the 7959:dies (December 25). 7798:Shigeyoshi Matsumae 7793:Takahiko Yamanouchi 7266:Kōnosuke Matsushita 7075:Kinichiro Sakaguchi 6871:Yasuyoshi Shirasawa 6833:Ishikawa Chiyomatsu 5618:Occupation of Japan 5612:Occupation of Japan 5579:Potsdam Declaration 5566:and the subsequent 5560:division of Germany 5547:Soviet–Japanese War 5444:Potsdam Declaration 5399:Battle of Milne Bay 5245:. By January 1942, 5083:was created by the 4971:strategic materials 4704:as a result of the 4643:Prewar expansionism 4336:Double Leaf Society 4306:Japanese militarism 3943:Allied intervention 3861:on the side of the 3669:sphere of influence 3656:Annexation of Korea 3646:Karafuto Prefecture 3522:storming of Tianjin 3439:(marines) from the 3416:on behalf of Japan. 3378:Triple Intervention 3093:Japanese Parliament 2853:between Shinto and 2695:German conservatism 2681:were modeled after 2563:Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei 2314:Due to its name in 2131:. The American-led 2015:Potsdam Declaration 1947:, was the Japanese 1922:Literal Translation 1554:Imperial transition 1492:Occupation of Japan 1482:Soviet–Japanese War 1447:Anti-Comintern Pact 1322:Triple Intervention 441:military occupation 269:Military occupation 39:The Japanese Empire 18906:Occupied Singapore 18894:Occupied Hong Kong 18569:South Seas Mandate 18204:Karenkō Prefecture 18179:Taihoku Prefecture 17894:Surrender of Japan 17727:Battle of Iwo Jima 17576:Belgrade offensive 16989:Siege of Leningrad 16873:Battle of Shanggao 16802:British Somaliland 16767:Dunkirk evacuation 16718:Norwegian campaign 16656:Invasion of Poland 16483:Japanese prisoners 15451:Italian war crimes 15382:British war crimes 15297:Soviet occupations 15081:South-West Pacific 14968:Allied cooperation 14926:Military equipment 14611:Treaty of Lausanne 14526:Paris Economy Pact 14460:UK against Germany 14390:Entry into the war 14356:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 14075:Ottoman casualties 13885:Franco-Turkish War 13765:Post-War conflicts 13749:Russian Revolution 13731:Invasion of Darfur 13696:Kelantan rebellion 13684:Kurdish rebellions 13660:Mexican Revolution 13493:October Revolution 13458:Kerensky offensive 13433:Capture of Baghdad 13410:Monastir offensive 13395:Brusilov offensive 13233:Battle of Kolubara 13072:Russo-Japanese War 12073:Russo-Japanese War 12043:Two Lords Incident 11698:Imperial Household 11014:Hall, John Whitney 9837:2009-12-04 at the 8867:"National Symbols" 8752:Dai Nippon Teikoku 8248:Battle of Iwo Jima 8181:(February 13–15). 8164:conquers Hong Kong 7917:Hikosaka Tadayoshi 7808:Nobuchika Sugimura 7723:Eizaburo Nishibori 7594:Tokushichi Mishima 7512:Kiyotsugu Hirayama 7435:Tanakadate Aikitsu 7289:Kenjiro Takayanagi 7219:Noritsugu Hayakawa 6621:class field theory 6477:. You can help by 6431:. You can help by 6403: 6395: 6361:. You can help by 6240:Kawamura Sumiyoshi 6224:Battle of Tsushima 6054: 5891:, descending from 5774:Commander-in-Chief 5638:A period known as 5636: 5583:ended World War II 5516:incendiary bombing 5508:shatter its morale 5504:B-29 Superfortress 5484:Battle of Iwo Jima 5472: 5468:series of bombings 5440:Surrender of Japan 5384:Bataan Death March 5367: 5180: 5162:Japanese conquests 5111: 4944: 4796: 4732:, as the official 4694: 4577: 4436: 4294:goddess of the sun 4191:Meiji Constitution 4170: 4128:) to merge as the 4062: 4048:"Taishō Democracy" 3991:"northern problem" 3946: 3911:Twenty-One Demands 3853:South Seas Mandate 3824: 3801:surrender of Japan 3634:Theodore Roosevelt 3631:American president 3623:Battle of Tsushima 3598:Russo-Japanese War 3576:. You can help by 3557:Russo-Japanese War 3553: 3550:Russo-Japanese War 3540:Russo-Japanese War 3509:garrisons in India 3481:Fukushima Yasumasa 3476:army general staff 3468:Seymour Expedition 3418: 3394:East Asia Squadron 3358:Liaodong Peninsula 3274:O-yatoi gaikokujin 3254:capitalist economy 3236: 3097: 3083:Meiji Constitution 2963: 2946:Russian Revolution 2813:Emancipation Edict 2647: 2594: 2530: 2460:Tokugawa Yoshinobu 2376:Tokugawa shogunate 2282:Tokugawa shogunate 2208:Dai Nippon Teikoku 2062:Russo-Japanese War 2048:, Japan underwent 1967:, it included the 1904:Official Term name 1888:Dai Nippon Teikoku 1614:Capital punishment 1590:2019–present 1512:Asset price bubble 1487:Surrender of Japan 1352:Japan–Korea Treaty 1342:Russo-Japanese War 1297:Ryūkyū Disposition 1239:Invasion of Ryukyu 1234:Tokugawa shogunate 1170:Nanboku-chō period 880:Tokugawa shogunate 741:Surrender of Japan 663:Russo-Japanese War 637:Meiji Constitution 609: • 605: • 180: 131:Gokajō no Goseimon 66:Dai Nippon Teikoku 18998: 18997: 18808:Empire of Vietnam 18581: 18580: 18573:Northern Marianas 18524:Dutch East Indies 18310: 18309: 18240:Nan'yō Government 18194:Tainan Prefecture 18189:Taichū Prefecture 17968: 17967: 17926: 17925: 17769:Battle of Okinawa 17668:Burma (1944–1945) 17502:Mariana and Palau 17282:Tunisian campaign 17107:Fall of Singapore 17031:Fall of Hong Kong 16774:Battle of Britain 16627:Operation Himmler 16536: 16535: 16200:Dutch East Indies 15843:Southern Rhodesia 15595: 15594: 15495:Genocide of Serbs 15398:German war crimes 15375:Soviet war crimes 15368:Allied war crimes 15214:Division of Korea 15193:Chinese Civil War 14991:Strategic bombing 14903:Manhattan Project 14677: 14676: 14660: 14659: 14644:The Golden Virgin 14638:Mutilated victory 14619: 14618: 14599:Treaty of Trianon 14594:Treaty of Neuilly 14501:Damascus Protocol 14374: 14373: 14334:Armenian genocide 14291:Allied blockades 14263:Belgian refugees 14046: 14045: 13956:Strategic bombing 13932: 13931: 13917:Franco-Syrian War 13891:Greco-Turkish War 13879:Anglo-Turkish War 13862:Polish–Soviet War 13796:German Revolution 13772:Russian Civil War 13755:Finnish Civil War 13581:Battle of Megiddo 13556:Battle of Goychay 13503:Battle of Cambrai 13463:Battle of Mărăști 13378:Battle of Jutland 13358:Erzurum offensive 13213:Siege of Przemyśl 13193:Siege of Tsingtao 13178:Battle of Galicia 13108:Second Balkan War 13096:Italo-Turkish War 13053:Pre-War conflicts 13039: 13038: 12929:Portuguese Empire 12845: 12844: 12807:German New Guinea 12789:Asian and Pacific 12534: 12533: 12506:Socialist thought 12454: 12453: 12393:Dutch East Indies 12355:Empire of Vietnam 12273: 12272: 12048:Satsuma Rebellion 12028:Meiji Restoration 12005: 12004: 11815: 11814: 11753:Greater East Asia 11639:Political parties 11594:Foreign relations 11342: 11341: 11321:Succeeded by 11285:Media related to 11265:978-1-405-19339-9 11172:978-0-275-94791-0 11072:Jansen, Marius B. 11036:Jansen, Marius B. 11004:978-1-135-76967-3 10918:978-0-8032-1708-9 10769:The Kuril Islands 10678:combinedfleet.com 10487:10.15055/00000288 10349:. August 12, 2015 10307:978-1-317-62637-4 10280:978-1-136-14588-9 10253:978-0-299-14873-7 10204:on April 11, 2008 10194:"戦間期台湾地方選挙に関する考察" 10084:THE ASAHI SHIMBUN 9939:978-0-7425-6716-0 9817:978-0-19-828802-2 9775:Japan Travel Blog 9167:SAGE Publications 8980:, pp. 31–32. 8758:Dai Nihon Teikoku 8549: 8548: 8536:Constitutionally 8301:comes into force. 8256:Battle of Okinawa 8191:Indian Ocean raid 8122:Hiranuma Kiichirō 8027:League of Nations 7988:Wakatsuki Reijirō 7938:Kawachi Yoshihiro 7908:Masauji Hachisuka 7903:Motonori Matuyama 7494:Harutaro Murakami 7367:Tsuruichi Hayashi 7334:Rikitaro Fujisawa 7310:Nishimura Shigeki 7231:Chikuhei Nakajima 7174:Chūhachi Ninomiya 7135:Arisaka Nariakira 7040:Michiyo Tsujimura 7004:Gen-ichi Koidzumi 6729:Tsuruko Haraguchi 6723:Tetsuji Morohashi 6717:Kyōsuke Kindaichi 6655:Koganei Yoshikiyo 6495: 6494: 6449: 6448: 6379: 6378: 6145:General Viscount 6114:Akiyama Yoshifuru 5988:Kingdom of Hawaii 5686:about Japan. The 5536:nuclear radiation 5480:Ogasawara Islands 5476:Allied submarines 5416:General MacArthur 5304:Dutch East Indies 5208:Malayan Peninsula 5184:British Hong Kong 4984:Dutch East Indies 4879:IJA 23rd Division 4344:Taisei Yokusankai 4269: 4268: 4261: 4211: 4210: 4025:Aleksandr Kolchak 3986:Terauchi Masatake 3984:. Prime Minister 3907:Mediterranean Sea 3896:League of Nations 3892:Siege of Tsingtao 3884:German New Guinea 3868:Shandong Province 3693:Korea (under the 3680:gunboat diplomacy 3594: 3593: 3338:Donghak Rebellion 3276:). Despite this, 3250:industrialization 3117:national assembly 3071:Togetsukyo Bridge 3057:Kenmu restoration 2938:Andronic Nikolsky 2890:Eastern Orthodoxy 2881:kakure kirishitan 2783:Meiji restoration 2602:Meiji Restoration 2575:siege of Hakodate 2447:. In early 1867, 2401:Namamugi Incident 2301:Meiji Restoration 2280:and the Japanese 2165:Douglas MacArthur 2009:, the formalized 1953:Meiji Restoration 1933: 1932: 1899: 1898: 1892:Dai Nihon Teikoku 1784: 1783: 1649:Foreign relations 1594: 1593: 1582:Abe assassination 1577:COVID-19 pandemic 1549:Tōhoku earthquake 1307:Satsuma Rebellion 1269:Meiji Restoration 1147:Kenmu Restoration 963: 962: 937: 936: 933: 932: 899: 898: 694:18 September 1931 624:Meiji Restoration 488:• 1926–1947 476:• 1912–1926 464:• 1868–1912 412:absolute monarchy 314:Tokyo (1943–1947) 175: 71:Dai Nihon Teikoku 16:(Redirected from 19135: 19030: 19029: 19027: 19026: 19025: 19020: 19016: 19013: 19012: 19011: 19008: 18964: 18963: 18962: 18952: 18951: 18950: 18940: 18939: 18938: 18928: 18927: 18926: 18916: 18915: 18914: 18904: 18903: 18902: 18892: 18891: 18890: 18879: 18878: 18877: 18866: 18865: 18864: 18854: 18853: 18852: 18842: 18841: 18840: 18830: 18829: 18828: 18818: 18817: 18816: 18806: 18805: 18804: 18796:French Indochina 18794: 18793: 18792: 18782: 18780: 18779: 18769: 18768: 18767: 18757: 18756: 18755: 18745: 18744: 18743: 18733: 18732: 18731: 18721: 18720: 18719: 18709: 18708: 18707: 18697: 18696: 18695: 18685: 18684: 18683: 18673: 18672: 18671: 18661: 18660: 18659: 18649: 18648: 18647: 18637: 18636: 18635: 18608: 18601: 18594: 18585: 18584: 18546:Portuguese Timor 18434: 18373:Christmas Island 18337: 18330: 18323: 18314: 18313: 18281:Governor-General 18209:Taitō Prefecture 18199:Takao Prefecture 18174:Governor-General 18091:Governor-General 17995: 17988: 17981: 17972: 17971: 17961: 17954: 17947: 17944:World portal 17942: 17941: 17917: 17910: 17903: 17896: 17887: 17880: 17873: 17864: 17857: 17850: 17843: 17836: 17829: 17820: 17813: 17806: 17804:Prague offensive 17799: 17797:Battle of Berlin 17792: 17785: 17778: 17771: 17764: 17757: 17750: 17743: 17741:Vienna offensive 17736: 17729: 17722: 17720:Battle of Manila 17715: 17695: 17686: 17677: 17670: 17661: 17654: 17647: 17640: 17633: 17626: 17619: 17610: 17601: 17594: 17585: 17578: 17571: 17564: 17555: 17548: 17541: 17534: 17527: 17520: 17513: 17504: 17497: 17488: 17479: 17470: 17463: 17461:Korsun–Cherkassy 17456: 17445: 17423: 17414: 17407: 17400: 17393: 17386: 17379: 17372: 17363: 17356: 17349: 17342: 17333: 17326: 17319: 17312: 17305: 17303:Bombing of Gorky 17298: 17291: 17284: 17264: 17257: 17248: 17241: 17234: 17225: 17218: 17211: 17204: 17193: 17186: 17179: 17172: 17170:Battle of Midway 17165: 17158: 17156:Battle of Gazala 17151: 17144: 17137: 17130: 17123: 17116: 17109: 17089: 17082: 17075: 17068: 17066:Battle of Borneo 17061: 17059:Malayan campaign 17054: 17047: 17040: 17033: 17026: 17019: 17012: 17005: 17003:Bombing of Gorky 16998: 16996:Battle of Moscow 16991: 16984: 16977: 16970: 16963: 16956: 16940: 16933: 16926: 16919: 16912: 16905: 16896: 16889: 16882: 16875: 16868: 16848: 16839: 16832: 16825: 16818: 16811: 16804: 16797: 16790: 16783: 16776: 16769: 16762: 16760:Battle of France 16755: 16748: 16741: 16734: 16727: 16720: 16700: 16693: 16686: 16679: 16672: 16665: 16658: 16636: 16629: 16622: 16615: 16613:Munich Agreement 16608: 16601: 16592: 16585: 16578: 16569: 16562: 16547: 16546: 16529: 16522: 16513: 16506: 16499: 16498:Soviet prisoners 16492: 16485: 16478: 16469: 16462: 16453: 16446: 16439: 16438:German prisoners 16434: 16414: 16405: 16398: 16391: 16386: 16379: 16372: 16365: 16358: 16351: 16344: 16337: 16330: 16323: 16316: 16309: 16302: 16295: 16286: 16279: 16272: 16265: 16258: 16251: 16244: 16237: 16230: 16223: 16216: 16209: 16202: 16195: 16188: 16181: 16174: 16167: 16160: 16140: 16133: 16126: 16119: 16112: 16105: 16098: 16091: 16084: 16077: 16070: 16050: 16043: 16036: 16029: 16021: 16014: 16007: 15998: 15991: 15983: 15976: 15974:French Indochina 15969: 15962: 15955: 15948: 15940: 15933: 15926: 15918: 15898: 15889: 15882: 15873: 15866: 15859: 15852: 15845: 15838: 15831: 15824: 15821:from August 1944 15812: 15805: 15798: 15791: 15784: 15777: 15770: 15763: 15756: 15744: 15737: 15730: 15723: 15716: 15704: 15696: 15689: 15682: 15675: 15668: 15661: 15654: 15642: 15635: 15628: 15621: 15606: 15605: 15586: 15579: 15572: 15565: 15558: 15547: 15532: 15525: 15518: 15513: 15504: 15497: 15490: 15481: 15474: 15467: 15465:Nanjing Massacre 15460: 15453: 15444: 15442:Nuremberg trials 15435: 15428: 15421: 15414: 15407: 15400: 15391: 15384: 15377: 15370: 15350: 15343: 15336: 15327: 15320: 15313: 15306: 15299: 15292: 15283: 15274: 15267: 15260: 15253: 15244: 15237: 15230: 15223: 15216: 15209: 15202: 15195: 15175: 15166: 15159: 15152: 15143: 15136: 15129: 15122: 15113: 15106: 15099: 15090: 15083: 15076: 15069: 15062: 15055: 15048: 15046:Asia and Pacific 15028: 15021: 15014: 15007: 15000: 14993: 14986: 14977: 14975:Mulberry harbour 14970: 14963: 14956: 14949: 14942: 14935: 14928: 14921: 14912: 14905: 14898: 14889: 14882: 14875: 14868: 14861: 14854: 14847: 14840: 14833: 14826: 14817: 14810: 14795: 14794: 14783: 14776: 14767: 14760: 14753: 14746: 14739: 14732: 14725: 14704: 14697: 14690: 14681: 14680: 14604:Treaty of Sèvres 14496:Treaty of London 14387: 14386: 14165:Northeast France 14096: 14095: 14068:Parliamentarians 14001: 14000: 13963:Chemical weapons 13941: 13940: 13702:Senussi campaign 13672:Muscat rebellion 13666:Maritz rebellion 13634: 13576:Vardar offensive 13405:Battle of Romani 13373:Battle of Asiago 13363:Battle of Verdun 13327:Kosovo offensive 13102:First Balkan War 13050: 13049: 12949:Russian Republic 12858: 12857: 12652: 12651: 12594:Economic history 12561: 12554: 12547: 12538: 12537: 12496:Shinmin no Michi 12486:Internment camps 12398:French Indochina 12282: 12281: 12133:Taishō Democracy 12014: 12013: 11937:Japanese holdout 11824: 11823: 11748:Colonial Affairs 11682: 11681: 11609:Yokusan Sonendan 11515: 11507: 11499: 11483: 11482: 11409:Economic history 11368: 11361: 11354: 11345: 11344: 11310:History of Japan 11296:Preceded by 11293: 11292: 11284: 11269: 11250: 11231: 11225: 11217: 11195: 11176: 11155: 11134: 11122: 11108: 11089: 11057: 11045: 11031: 11012:Jansen, Marius; 11008: 10989: 10983: 10975: 10956: 10938:Ōkubo Toshimichi 10922: 10896: 10877: 10851: 10831: 10830: 10814: 10808: 10801: 10795: 10794: 10792: 10790: 10779: 10773: 10772: 10764: 10758: 10757: 10739: 10733: 10732: 10721: 10715: 10705: 10699: 10688: 10682: 10681: 10670: 10664: 10663: 10662:. April 9, 2012. 10652: 10646: 10645: 10634: 10625: 10624: 10612: 10606: 10600: 10594: 10588: 10582: 10581: 10573: 10567: 10566: 10534: 10528: 10527: 10497: 10491: 10490: 10470: 10464: 10463: 10443: 10437: 10436: 10424: 10418: 10417: 10415: 10413: 10408:on July 26, 2011 10390: 10384: 10383: 10381: 10379: 10365: 10359: 10358: 10356: 10354: 10339: 10333: 10330: 10324: 10318: 10312: 10311: 10291: 10285: 10284: 10264: 10258: 10257: 10238: 10232: 10220: 10214: 10213: 10211: 10209: 10190: 10184: 10183: 10181: 10179: 10164: 10155: 10148: 10142: 10141: 10139: 10137: 10128:. Archived from 10122:"Polish orphans" 10118: 10112: 10111: 10109: 10107: 10093: 10087: 10070: 10061: 10060: 10042: 10036: 10035: 10027: 10021: 10015: 10004: 9998: 9971: 9965: 9959: 9953: 9944: 9943: 9923: 9917: 9911: 9905: 9895: 9889: 9882: 9876: 9875: 9869: 9860: 9854: 9851: 9845: 9828: 9822: 9821: 9803: 9797: 9796: 9785: 9779: 9778: 9766: 9760: 9759: 9747: 9741: 9740: 9730: 9721: 9715: 9714: 9713:. July 11, 2019. 9703: 9697: 9696: 9684: 9678: 9677: 9669: 9663: 9662: 9653: 9647: 9646: 9635: 9629: 9628: 9617: 9611: 9610: 9598: 9592: 9591: 9580: 9574: 9573: 9550: 9544: 9539: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9517: 9511: 9506: 9500: 9487: 9481: 9480: 9472: 9466: 9465: 9458: 9452: 9446: 9440: 9434: 9425: 9419: 9413: 9403: 9397: 9391: 9385: 9367: 9361: 9355: 9349: 9343: 9337: 9331: 9325: 9319: 9313: 9307: 9301: 9295: 9289: 9288: 9268: 9262: 9257:Stephen J. Lee. 9255: 9246: 9245: 9233: 9227: 9221: 9215: 9209: 9203: 9202: 9152: 9139: 9138: 9133: 9131: 9125: 9076: 9067: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9033: 9027: 9021: 9015: 9014: 9012: 9010: 8996: 8981: 8975: 8966: 8960: 8954: 8953: 8943: 8937: 8936: 8918: 8912: 8911: 8889: 8883: 8882: 8880: 8878: 8869:. Archived from 8863: 8857: 8856: 8854: 8852: 8842: 8820: 8813: 8807: 8805: 8804: 8799: 8793: 8791: 8790: 8785: 8779: 8767: 8761: 8760: 8754: 8748: 8740: 8734: 8718: 8712: 8709: 8637: 8632: 8631: 8623: 8618: 8617: 8616: 8598: 8586: 8574: 8562: 8469: 8468: 8467: 8456: 8455: 8454: 8441: 8440: 8439: 8420: 8419: 8418: 8407: 8406: 8405: 8392: 8391: 8390: 8369: 8368: 8367: 8356: 8355: 8354: 8341: 8340: 8339: 8324:Period of reign 8310: 8309: 8243:(October 23–26). 8230:Battle of Tarawa 8221:(October 25–27). 8211:Battle of Midway 8147:, and signs the 8101:Nanjing Massacre 8090:captures Beijing 8088:(July 7). Japan 7998:(September 18). 7978:Osachi Hamaguchi 7941:Katsutada Sezawa 7934:Toshihiko Izutsu 7921:Bunsaku Arakatsu 7848:Hiroshi Nakamura 7838:Yasunori Miyoshi 7833:Katsuzo Kuronuma 7738:Shokichi Iyanaga 7718:Noriaki Fukuyama 7708:Ryoichi Nakagawa 7698:Katsuji Miyazaki 7626: 7609: 7592: 7565:Yasuhiko Asahina 7563: 7552: 7537:Masatoshi Ōkōchi 7529: 7521: 7482:Akitsune Imamura 7474: 7423:Yamakawa Kenjirō 7417:Jōkichi Takamine 7400: 7352:Paul Tsuchihashi 7340:Mitsutaro Shirai 7275: 7252: 7213:Yoshisuke Aikawa 7168:Kotaro Shimomura 7159:Mikimoto Kōkichi 7102:Tanaka Hisashige 7061: 7034:Chōzaburō Tanaka 7010:Makoto Nishimura 6992:Takenoshin Nakai 6986:Kunihiko Hashida 6974:Hakaru Hashimoto 6960: 6949: 6940:Fukushi Masaichi 6932: 6915: 6898: 6889:Heijiro Nakayama 6859:Fujiro Katsurada 6854: 6821:Aoyama Tanemichi 6804: 6735:Shinobu Orikuchi 6715: 6682:Masaharu Anesaki 6613: 6594: 6574: 6564: 6563: 6554: 6553: 6535: 6516: 6490: 6487: 6469: 6462: 6444: 6441: 6423: 6416: 6374: 6371: 6353: 6346: 6329:Morio Matsudaira 6310:Marshal Admiral 6306:Battle of Midway 6298:Isoroku Yamamoto 6296:Marshal Admiral 6289:Marshal Admiral 6277:Akiyama Saneyuki 6255:Marshal Admiral 6245:Marshal Admiral 6228:Marshal Admiral 6215:Marshal Admiral 6079:Yamagata Aritomo 6047:Kageaki Kawamura 5908: 5897:Tokyo Prefecture 5893:Emperor Murakami 5884: 5868: 5853: 5806:Yamagata Aritomo 5720:Japanese history 5595:Emperor Hirohito 5573:Having ignored ( 5424:Palawan massacre 5392:Battle of Midway 5364:Battle of Midway 5306:, defeating the 5300:Dutch New Guinea 5272:prisoners of war 5251:Manuel L. Quezon 5178:in February 1942 5144:European Theatre 5140:Benito Mussolini 5138:of Germany, and 5119:Isoroku Yamamoto 5082: 5064: 5058: 5034:Second World War 4967:French Indochina 4899:IJA 7th Division 4861:Treaty of Peking 4819:Nanjing Massacre 4755: 4723: 4614:Great Depression 4563:Economic factors 4541:Shimoda Kikutaro 4531:, and sometimes 4510:personality cult 4501:Stanley G. Payne 4284:, beginning the 4264: 4257: 4253: 4250: 4244: 4221: 4213: 4206: 4203: 4180: 4172: 4137: 4136: 4124: 4123: 4115: 4114: 4082:The election of 4066:Taishō Democracy 3880:Marshall Islands 3793:Korean Peninsula 3790: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3774: 3773: 3761: 3760: 3743: 3742: 3725: 3724: 3642:50 degrees North 3640:Island south of 3589: 3586: 3568: 3561: 3285:New Currency Act 3101:Meiji government 3091:Interior of the 3077:Political reform 3028:Japanese castles 3026:The majority of 3003: 2996: 2885: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2791:Senmin Haishirei 2718:Fukuzawa Yukichi 2675:foreign advisors 2666:in exchange for 2644:Ōkubo Toshimichi 2547: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2407:, by a party of 2380:unequal treaties 2365:Matthew C. Perry 2363:which came when 2262: 2254: 2242: 2234: 2226: 2218: 2216: 2215: 2098:Nanjing Massacre 2070:Great Depression 2031: 1895: 1894: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1863: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1830: 1829: 1814: 1813: 1786: 1785: 1776: 1769: 1762: 1606: 1507:Economic miracle 1422:Nanking incident 1417:Financial crisis 1254:Perry Expedition 1228: 1137:Mongol invasions 1016:before 14,000 BC 1006: 1005: 1001: 988: 978:History of Japan 965: 964: 929: 928: 915: 914: 903: 902: 890: 889: 876: 875: 869: 868: 853: 852: 746:2 September 1945 642:11 February 1889 334: 238: 216: Colonies ( 215: 204: 189: 176: 107: 93: 62: 61: 48: 47: 21: 19143: 19142: 19138: 19137: 19136: 19134: 19133: 19132: 19043:Empire of Japan 19033: 19032: 19023: 19021: 19017: 19014: 19009: 19006: 19004: 19002: 19001: 18999: 18994: 18971: 18970: 18960: 18958: 18948: 18946: 18936: 18934: 18924: 18922: 18912: 18910: 18900: 18898: 18888: 18886: 18883: 18875: 18873: 18868:Occupied Malaya 18862: 18860: 18850: 18848: 18838: 18836: 18826: 18824: 18814: 18812: 18802: 18800: 18790: 18788: 18777: 18775: 18765: 18763: 18753: 18751: 18741: 18739: 18729: 18727: 18717: 18715: 18705: 18703: 18693: 18691: 18681: 18679: 18669: 18667: 18657: 18655: 18645: 18643: 18633: 18631: 18622: 18616:Empire of Japan 18612: 18582: 18577: 18552: 18473: 18435: 18426: 18422:Solomon Islands 18378:Gilbert Islands 18354: 18348:Empire of Japan 18341: 18311: 18306: 18267: 18217: 18214:Hōko Prefecture 18161: 18078: 18009: 17999: 17969: 17964: 17957: 17950: 17936: 17934: 17922: 17913: 17906: 17899: 17892: 17883: 17876: 17869: 17860: 17855:Atomic bombings 17853: 17846: 17839: 17832: 17825: 17816: 17809: 17802: 17795: 17788: 17781: 17774: 17767: 17760: 17753: 17746: 17739: 17732: 17725: 17718: 17711: 17698: 17691: 17680: 17673: 17666: 17657: 17650: 17643: 17636: 17629: 17622: 17613: 17604: 17597: 17588: 17581: 17574: 17567: 17558: 17551: 17546:Eastern Romania 17544: 17539:Warsaw Uprising 17537: 17532:Tannenberg Line 17530: 17523: 17518:Western Ukraine 17516: 17507: 17500: 17491: 17482: 17473: 17466: 17459: 17448: 17439: 17426: 17419: 17410: 17403: 17396: 17389: 17382: 17375: 17368: 17359: 17352: 17345: 17336: 17329: 17322: 17315: 17310:Battle of Kursk 17308: 17301: 17294: 17287: 17280: 17267: 17260: 17251: 17244: 17237: 17228: 17221: 17214: 17207: 17198: 17189: 17182: 17175: 17168: 17161: 17154: 17147: 17140: 17133: 17126: 17121:St Nazaire Raid 17119: 17112: 17105: 17092: 17085: 17078: 17071: 17064: 17057: 17050: 17043: 17036: 17029: 17022: 17015: 17008: 17001: 16994: 16987: 16980: 16973: 16966: 16959: 16945: 16936: 16929: 16922: 16915: 16908: 16903:Anglo-Iraqi War 16901: 16894:Battle of Crete 16892: 16885: 16878: 16871: 16864: 16851: 16842: 16835: 16828: 16823:Eastern Romania 16821: 16814: 16807: 16800: 16793: 16786: 16779: 16772: 16765: 16758: 16751: 16744: 16737: 16730: 16723: 16716: 16703: 16696: 16689: 16682: 16675: 16668: 16661: 16654: 16641: 16632: 16625: 16618: 16611: 16604: 16597: 16588: 16581: 16574: 16565: 16558: 16532: 16525: 16518: 16509: 16502: 16497: 16488: 16481: 16474: 16465: 16458: 16449: 16442: 16437: 16430: 16417: 16410: 16401: 16394: 16389: 16384:Western Ukraine 16382: 16375: 16368: 16361: 16354: 16347: 16340: 16333: 16328:Northeast China 16326: 16319: 16312: 16305: 16298: 16291: 16282: 16275: 16268: 16261: 16254: 16247: 16240: 16233: 16226: 16219: 16212: 16205: 16198: 16191: 16184: 16177: 16170: 16163: 16156: 16143: 16136: 16129: 16122: 16115: 16108: 16101: 16094: 16087: 16080: 16073: 16066: 16053: 16046: 16039: 16034:Slovak Republic 16032: 16024: 16017: 16010: 16005:Empire of Japan 16003: 15994: 15986: 15979: 15972: 15965: 15958: 15951: 15943: 15936: 15929: 15921: 15914: 15901: 15894: 15885: 15878: 15869: 15862: 15855: 15848: 15841: 15834: 15827: 15815: 15808: 15801: 15794: 15787: 15780: 15773: 15766: 15759: 15747: 15740: 15733: 15726: 15719: 15707: 15699: 15692: 15685: 15678: 15671: 15664: 15657: 15645: 15638: 15631: 15624: 15617: 15591: 15582: 15575: 15568: 15561: 15550: 15535: 15528: 15521: 15517:Sexual violence 15516: 15509: 15500: 15493: 15486: 15477: 15470: 15463: 15456: 15449: 15440: 15431: 15424: 15417: 15410: 15403: 15396: 15387: 15380: 15373: 15366: 15353: 15346: 15339: 15332: 15323: 15316: 15309: 15302: 15295: 15286: 15277: 15270: 15263: 15256: 15247: 15240: 15235:Greek Civil War 15233: 15226: 15219: 15212: 15205: 15198: 15191: 15178: 15171: 15162: 15155: 15148: 15139: 15132: 15125: 15118: 15109: 15102: 15095: 15086: 15079: 15072: 15065: 15060:South-East Asia 15058: 15051: 15044: 15031: 15024: 15017: 15010: 15003: 14996: 14989: 14982: 14973: 14966: 14959: 14952: 14945: 14938: 14931: 14924: 14919:Military awards 14917: 14908: 14901: 14894: 14885: 14878: 14871: 14864: 14857: 14850: 14843: 14836: 14829: 14822: 14813: 14806: 14786: 14779: 14772: 14763: 14756: 14749: 14744: 14735: 14728: 14721: 14713: 14708: 14678: 14673: 14656: 14615: 14547: 14540: 14511:Treaty of Darin 14479: 14441: 14397:Austria-Hungary 14383: 14370: 14351:Rape of Belgium 14278: 14250: 14198: 14192:Western Armenia 14187:Eastern Galicia 14120: 14094: 14058: 14057:Civilian impact 14056: 14042: 13999: 13928: 13760: 13690:Ovambo Uprising 13642: 13628: 13517: 13419: 13346: 13264:Battle of Łomża 13247: 13243:Christmas truce 13218:Race to the Sea 13151: 13113: 13035: 13006:Austria-Hungary 12982: 12917:Empire of Japan 12854: 12852: 12841: 12825:U-boat campaign 12811: 12783: 12745: 12697: 12643: 12624:Popular culture 12570: 12565: 12535: 12530: 12516:Yasukuni Shrine 12450: 12427: 12369: 12323: 12269: 12221:Tripartite Pact 12216:Rape of Nanking 12157: 12143:Tapani incident 12087: 12063:Boxer Rebellion 12021: 12001: 11965: 11956: 11905: 11896: 11831: 11811: 11805:Representatives 11773: 11770: 11769:Legislative and 11762: 11728:Foreign Affairs 11691: 11688: 11673: 11572: 11551:Government Seal 11536:Rising Sun Flag 11519: 11513: 11505: 11497: 11484: 11475: 11377: 11375:Empire of Japan 11372: 11338: 11336: 11330: 11328: 11317: 11314:Empire of Japan 11312: 11305: 11303: 11287:Empire of Japan 11277: 11272: 11266: 11247: 11219: 11218: 11214: 11192: 11173: 11131: 11105: 11086: 11066:Wayback Machine 11054: 11028: 11005: 10977: 10976: 10972: 10953: 10929: 10919: 10901:Drea, Edward J. 10893: 10849: 10840: 10835: 10834: 10815: 10811: 10802: 10798: 10788: 10786: 10780: 10776: 10765: 10761: 10754: 10740: 10736: 10723: 10722: 10718: 10706: 10702: 10689: 10685: 10672: 10671: 10667: 10660:GMA News Online 10654: 10653: 10649: 10636: 10635: 10628: 10613: 10609: 10601: 10597: 10589: 10585: 10574: 10570: 10535: 10531: 10524: 10498: 10494: 10471: 10467: 10444: 10440: 10425: 10421: 10411: 10409: 10392: 10391: 10387: 10377: 10375: 10367: 10366: 10362: 10352: 10350: 10341: 10340: 10336: 10331: 10327: 10319: 10315: 10308: 10292: 10288: 10281: 10265: 10261: 10254: 10240: 10239: 10235: 10221: 10217: 10207: 10205: 10192: 10191: 10187: 10177: 10175: 10166: 10165: 10158: 10149: 10145: 10135: 10133: 10120: 10119: 10115: 10105: 10103: 10095: 10094: 10090: 10080:Wayback Machine 10071: 10064: 10057: 10043: 10039: 10028: 10024: 10016: 10007: 9999: 9974: 9966: 9962: 9954: 9947: 9940: 9924: 9920: 9912: 9908: 9897:Itsuo Hamaoka, 9896: 9892: 9883: 9879: 9867: 9861: 9857: 9852: 9848: 9839:Wayback Machine 9829: 9825: 9818: 9804: 9800: 9787: 9786: 9782: 9767: 9763: 9748: 9744: 9728: 9722: 9718: 9711:Japan Reference 9705: 9704: 9700: 9685: 9681: 9670: 9666: 9655: 9654: 9650: 9637: 9636: 9632: 9619: 9618: 9614: 9599: 9595: 9582: 9581: 9577: 9567: 9551: 9547: 9540: 9536: 9526: 9524: 9519: 9518: 9514: 9507: 9503: 9497:Wayback Machine 9488: 9484: 9473: 9469: 9460: 9459: 9455: 9447: 9443: 9435: 9428: 9420: 9416: 9404: 9400: 9392: 9388: 9368: 9364: 9356: 9352: 9344: 9340: 9332: 9328: 9320: 9316: 9308: 9304: 9296: 9292: 9285: 9269: 9265: 9256: 9249: 9234: 9230: 9222: 9218: 9210: 9206: 9153: 9142: 9129: 9127: 9123: 9074: 9068: 9064: 9054: 9052: 9050: 9034: 9030: 9022: 9018: 9008: 9006: 8998: 8997: 8984: 8976: 8969: 8961: 8957: 8944: 8940: 8933: 8919: 8915: 8908: 8890: 8886: 8876: 8874: 8865: 8864: 8860: 8850: 8848: 8844: 8843: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8823: 8814: 8810: 8800: 8796: 8786: 8782: 8768: 8764: 8741: 8737: 8719: 8715: 8710: 8706: 8701: 8635:Politics portal 8633: 8626: 8619: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8602: 8599: 8590: 8587: 8578: 8575: 8566: 8563: 8554: 8463: 8461: 8450: 8448: 8435: 8433: 8414: 8412: 8401: 8399: 8386: 8384: 8374: 8363: 8361: 8350: 8348: 8335: 8333: 8321:Childhood name 8314:Posthumous name 8308: 8266:(August 6) and 8217:(September 5). 8175:Battle of Ambon 8168:Paracel Islands 8151:(September 27). 8149:Tripartite Pact 8133:Mitsumasa Yonai 8126:Spratly Islands 8078:Senjūrō Hayashi 8069:established in 8000:Inukai Tsuyoshi 7996:Mukden Incident 7952: 7947: 7858:Yusuke Hagihara 7853:Ukichiro Nakaya 7788:Taketani Mitsuo 7773:Yutaka Taniyama 7703:Shinroku Momose 7668:Tatsuo Hasegawa 7653:Satosi Watanabe 7638: 7633: 7611:Hakaru Masumoto 7571:Satoyasu Iimori 7531:Torahiko Terada 7459:Fusakichi Omori 7453:Hantaro Nagaoka 7412: 7407: 7358:Kintarô Okamura 7322:Kikuchi Dairoku 7299: 7294: 7260:Tokuji Hayakawa 7225:Miekichi Suzuki 7097: 7092: 7087:Genkei Masamune 7052:Ikuro Takahashi 7016:Shintarō Hirase 6923:Kensuke Mitsuda 6839:Tomitaro Makino 6827:Yoichirō Hirase 6812:Jinzō Matsumura 6806:Hirase Sakugorō 6789:Takaki Kanehiro 6780:Nagai Nagayoshi 6751: 6746: 6741:Zenchū Nakahara 6700:Ryūsaku Tsunoda 6694:Ushinosuke Mori 6643:Ōtsuki Fumihiko 6638: 6633: 6632: 6631: 6628: 6614: 6605: 6595: 6586: 6575: 6566: 6539:Ōtsuki Fumihiko 6536: 6527: 6520:Hirase Sakugorō 6517: 6505: 6500: 6491: 6485: 6482: 6475:needs expansion 6460: 6454: 6445: 6439: 6436: 6429:needs expansion 6414: 6408: 6375: 6369: 6366: 6359:needs expansion 6344: 6338: 6286: 6267:Katō Tomosaburō 6220:Tōgō Heihachirō 6207:Marshal Admiral 6203: 6198: 6189:Yoshijirō Umezu 6175:Senjūrō Hayashi 6168:Hajime Sugiyama 6161:Kotohito Kan'in 6156: 6137:Minister of War 6133:Ōshima Ken'ichi 6121:Kuroki Tamemoto 6100:Nozu Michitsura 6093:Komatsu Akihito 6071: 6066: 6035:Heihachirō Tōgō 6027: 6021: 5966:: envoy to the 5944:Mutsu Munemitsu 5922: 5917: 5916: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5900: 5889:Imperial Family 5885: 5876: 5869: 5860: 5854: 5797:Komatsu Akihito 5770:Imperial Family 5765: 5760: 5754: 5620: 5614: 5609: 5543:Yalta agreement 5524:nuclear weapons 5450: 5438:Main articles: 5436: 5324: 5235:the Philippines 5218:Prince of Wales 5216:sinking of HMS 5164: 5148:Pacific Theater 5103: 5095:Main articles: 5093: 4995:Tripartite Pact 4956:racial equality 4933:Tripartite Pact 4925: 4919:Tripartite Pact 4917:Main articles: 4915: 4913:Tripartite Pact 4903:Neutrality Pact 4853: 4841:Main articles: 4839: 4800:Chiang Kai-shek 4776: 4770: 4690:Mukden Incident 4686:Northeast China 4674: 4664:Mukden Incident 4662:Main articles: 4660: 4655: 4647:Main articles: 4645: 4640: 4628:Main articles: 4626: 4565: 4476:, a brother of 4474:Prince Chichibu 4452:Emperor worship 4412:Kazushige Ugaki 4400: 4394: 4388:May 15 Incident 4374:Main articles: 4372: 4308: 4302: 4292:, the Japanese 4275: 4265: 4254: 4248: 4245: 4234: 4222: 4207: 4201: 4198: 4187:needs expansion 4181: 4159: 4143:Rikken Minseitō 4141:) in 1927. The 4130:Rikken Minseitō 4058:Itagaki Taisuke 4050: 4042:Katō Tomosaburō 3998:Japanese troops 3960: 3948:Main articles: 3927: 3870:as well as the 3855: 3849: 3837:Main articles: 3835: 3830: 3813: 3776: 3728:Ilje gangjeomgi 3664: 3658: 3590: 3584: 3581: 3574:needs expansion 3559: 3542: 3464:Shimamura Hayao 3428: 3422:Boxer Rebellion 3420:Main articles: 3402: 3400:Boxer Rebellion 3319:tributary state 3307: 3299:Main articles: 3297: 3278:social mobility 3246: 3238:Main articles: 3206: 3085: 3079: 3045:Shinbutsu bunri 2906:Lenten Triodion 2871: 2836:Blood tax riots 2779: 2769: 2757:Main articles: 2755: 2685:, described by 2668:Sakhalin island 2651:Iwakura Mission 2608: 2596:Main articles: 2583: 2571:Republic of Ezo 2533: 2506: 2500: 2468:imperial palace 2437:Kinmon incident 2341: 2335: 2330: 2289:Empire of Japan 2210: 2204: 2058:Boxer Rebellion 2025: 1941:Japanese Empire 1937:Empire of Japan 1912:Japanese Empire 1890: 1827: 1811: 1789:Japanese Empire 1780: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1596: 1595: 1587: 1586: 1562:1989–2019 1559: 1558: 1519:1926–1989 1516: 1477:Atomic bombings 1452:Tripartite Pact 1437:May 15 incident 1427:Mukden Incident 1398:1912–1926 1395: 1394: 1365:1868–1912 1362: 1361: 1337:Boxer Rebellion 1282:1603–1868 1279: 1278: 1226: 1216:1573–1603 1213: 1212: 1191:Azuchi–Momoyama 1183:1336–1573 1180: 1179: 1155:1185–1333 1152: 1151: 1114: 1113: 1084:710 – 794 1081: 1070:538 – 710 1067: 1053: 1039: 1003: 1002: 999: 991: 959: 926: 912: 894:Republic of Ezo 887: 873: 847: 814: 804: 756: 743: 733:7 December 1941 730: 720:12 October 1940 717: 704: 691: 689:Mukden Incident 678: 668:8 February 1904 665: 652: 639: 626: 588: 572: 558: 553: 535:Shigeru Yoshida 531: 519: 489: 477: 465: 443: 436: 422: 414: 398: 360: 332: 317: 300: 267: 264:Sovereign state 255: 254: 251: 236: 232: 213: 209: 202: 162: 160: 159: 157: 151: 149: 147: 133: 129: 125: 123: 115: 114: 113: 108: 100: 99: 94: 76: 75: 69: 53: 52:Empire of Japan 44: 30: 23: 22: 18:Japanese Empire 15: 12: 11: 5: 19141: 19131: 19130: 19125: 19120: 19115: 19110: 19105: 19100: 19095: 19090: 19085: 19080: 19075: 19070: 19065: 19060: 19055: 19050: 19045: 18996: 18995: 18993: 18992: 18987: 18982: 18976: 18973: 18972: 18969: 18968: 18956: 18944: 18932: 18930:Occupied Nauru 18920: 18908: 18896: 18884: 18872: 18870: 18858: 18846: 18834: 18822: 18810: 18798: 18786: 18773: 18761: 18759:State of Burma 18749: 18737: 18725: 18713: 18701: 18689: 18677: 18665: 18653: 18641: 18628: 18627: 18624: 18623: 18611: 18610: 18603: 18596: 18588: 18579: 18578: 18576: 18575: 18566: 18560: 18558: 18554: 18553: 18551: 18550: 18549: 18548: 18538: 18537: 18536: 18531: 18526: 18516: 18515: 18514: 18509: 18504: 18494: 18493: 18492: 18481: 18479: 18475: 18474: 18472: 18471: 18466: 18461: 18456: 18451: 18445: 18443: 18437: 18436: 18429: 18427: 18425: 18424: 18419: 18414: 18409: 18404: 18399: 18394: 18385: 18380: 18375: 18370: 18364: 18362: 18360:British Empire 18356: 18355: 18340: 18339: 18332: 18325: 18317: 18308: 18307: 18305: 18284:Kantō Bureau: 18277: 18275: 18269: 18268: 18266: 18227: 18225: 18219: 18218: 18216: 18211: 18206: 18201: 18196: 18191: 18186: 18181: 18171: 18169: 18163: 18162: 18160: 18159: 18154: 18149: 18144: 18139: 18134: 18129: 18124: 18119: 18114: 18109: 18104: 18099: 18088: 18086: 18080: 18079: 18077: 18076: 18026: 18024: 18011: 18010: 17998: 17997: 17990: 17983: 17975: 17966: 17965: 17963: 17962: 17955: 17948: 17931: 17928: 17927: 17924: 17923: 17921: 17920: 17919: 17918: 17911: 17904: 17890: 17889: 17888: 17874: 17871:South Sakhalin 17867: 17866: 17865: 17851: 17844: 17837: 17830: 17823: 17822: 17821: 17807: 17800: 17793: 17786: 17779: 17772: 17765: 17758: 17751: 17744: 17737: 17730: 17723: 17716: 17708: 17706: 17700: 17699: 17697: 17696: 17689: 17688: 17687: 17671: 17664: 17663: 17662: 17648: 17641: 17634: 17627: 17620: 17611: 17602: 17595: 17586: 17579: 17572: 17565: 17556: 17549: 17542: 17535: 17528: 17521: 17514: 17505: 17498: 17489: 17480: 17471: 17464: 17457: 17446: 17436: 17434: 17428: 17427: 17425: 17424: 17417: 17416: 17415: 17408: 17394: 17387: 17380: 17373: 17366: 17365: 17364: 17350: 17343: 17334: 17327: 17320: 17313: 17306: 17299: 17296:Battle of Attu 17292: 17285: 17277: 17275: 17269: 17268: 17266: 17265: 17258: 17249: 17242: 17235: 17226: 17219: 17212: 17205: 17196: 17195: 17194: 17187: 17173: 17166: 17159: 17152: 17145: 17138: 17131: 17124: 17117: 17110: 17102: 17100: 17094: 17093: 17091: 17090: 17083: 17076: 17069: 17062: 17055: 17048: 17045:Battle of Guam 17041: 17034: 17027: 17020: 17013: 17006: 16999: 16992: 16985: 16978: 16971: 16968:Battle of Kiev 16964: 16957: 16943: 16942: 16941: 16927: 16920: 16913: 16906: 16899: 16898: 16897: 16883: 16876: 16869: 16861: 16859: 16853: 16852: 16850: 16849: 16840: 16833: 16826: 16819: 16812: 16805: 16798: 16791: 16784: 16777: 16770: 16763: 16756: 16749: 16742: 16735: 16728: 16721: 16713: 16711: 16705: 16704: 16702: 16701: 16694: 16687: 16680: 16673: 16666: 16659: 16651: 16649: 16643: 16642: 16640: 16639: 16638: 16637: 16630: 16623: 16616: 16609: 16595: 16594: 16593: 16586: 16572: 16571: 16570: 16555: 16553: 16544: 16538: 16537: 16534: 16533: 16531: 16530: 16523: 16516: 16515: 16514: 16507: 16495: 16494: 16493: 16479: 16472: 16471: 16470: 16467:United Kingdom 16463: 16456: 16455: 16454: 16435: 16427: 16425: 16419: 16418: 16416: 16415: 16408: 16407: 16406: 16399: 16387: 16380: 16373: 16366: 16359: 16352: 16345: 16338: 16331: 16324: 16317: 16310: 16303: 16296: 16289: 16288: 16287: 16280: 16266: 16259: 16252: 16245: 16238: 16231: 16224: 16217: 16210: 16203: 16196: 16189: 16182: 16175: 16168: 16161: 16153: 16151: 16145: 16144: 16142: 16141: 16134: 16127: 16120: 16113: 16106: 16099: 16092: 16085: 16078: 16071: 16063: 16061: 16055: 16054: 16052: 16051: 16044: 16037: 16030: 16022: 16015: 16008: 16001: 16000: 15999: 15984: 15977: 15970: 15963: 15956: 15949: 15941: 15934: 15927: 15919: 15911: 15909: 15903: 15902: 15900: 15899: 15892: 15891: 15890: 15876: 15875: 15874: 15871:British Empire 15864:United Kingdom 15860: 15853: 15846: 15839: 15832: 15825: 15813: 15806: 15799: 15792: 15785: 15778: 15771: 15764: 15757: 15745: 15738: 15731: 15724: 15717: 15705: 15697: 15690: 15683: 15680:Czechoslovakia 15676: 15669: 15662: 15655: 15643: 15636: 15629: 15622: 15614: 15612: 15603: 15597: 15596: 15593: 15592: 15590: 15589: 15588: 15587: 15580: 15577:Rape of Manila 15573: 15566: 15559: 15548: 15533: 15526: 15514: 15507: 15506: 15505: 15498: 15484: 15483: 15482: 15475: 15468: 15454: 15447: 15446: 15445: 15438: 15437: 15436: 15429: 15415: 15408: 15394: 15393: 15392: 15385: 15378: 15363: 15361: 15355: 15354: 15352: 15351: 15348:United Nations 15344: 15337: 15330: 15329: 15328: 15321: 15314: 15307: 15293: 15284: 15275: 15268: 15261: 15254: 15245: 15238: 15231: 15224: 15217: 15210: 15207:Decolonization 15203: 15196: 15188: 15186: 15180: 15179: 15177: 15176: 15169: 15168: 15167: 15153: 15146: 15145: 15144: 15137: 15130: 15116: 15115: 15114: 15107: 15093: 15092: 15091: 15084: 15077: 15070: 15063: 15056: 15041: 15039: 15033: 15032: 15030: 15029: 15022: 15015: 15008: 15001: 14994: 14987: 14980: 14979: 14978: 14971: 14957: 14950: 14943: 14936: 14929: 14922: 14915: 14914: 14913: 14899: 14892: 14891: 14890: 14883: 14880:United Kingdom 14876: 14862: 14855: 14848: 14841: 14834: 14827: 14820: 14819: 14818: 14803: 14801: 14792: 14788: 14787: 14785: 14784: 14777: 14770: 14769: 14768: 14761: 14754: 14742: 14741: 14740: 14726: 14718: 14715: 14714: 14707: 14706: 14699: 14692: 14684: 14675: 14674: 14672: 14671: 14665: 14662: 14661: 14658: 14657: 14655: 14654: 14647: 14640: 14635: 14627: 14625: 14621: 14620: 14617: 14616: 14614: 14613: 14608: 14607: 14606: 14601: 14596: 14591: 14586: 14576: 14571: 14570: 14569: 14564: 14556: 14550: 14548: 14546:Peace treaties 14545: 14542: 14541: 14539: 14538: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14493: 14487: 14485: 14481: 14480: 14478: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14457: 14451: 14449: 14443: 14442: 14440: 14439: 14434: 14432:United Kingdom 14429: 14424: 14422:Ottoman Empire 14419: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14393: 14391: 14384: 14379: 14376: 14375: 14372: 14371: 14369: 14368: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14348: 14347: 14346: 14341: 14336: 14326: 14324:Sack of Dinant 14321: 14316: 14311: 14310: 14309: 14304: 14303: 14302: 14288: 14286: 14280: 14279: 14277: 14276: 14275: 14274: 14272:United Kingdom 14269: 14260: 14258: 14252: 14251: 14249: 14248: 14247: 14246: 14241: 14232: 14226:POW locations 14224: 14219: 14218: 14217: 14208: 14206: 14200: 14199: 14197: 14196: 14195: 14194: 14189: 14181: 14176: 14175: 14174: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14149: 14148: 14147: 14142: 14134: 14128: 14126: 14122: 14121: 14119: 14118: 14113: 14108: 14102: 14100: 14093: 14092: 14091: 14090: 14085: 14077: 14072: 14071: 14070: 14061: 14059: 14051: 14048: 14047: 14044: 14043: 14041: 14040: 14035: 14034: 14033: 14026:United Kingdom 14023: 14021:Ottoman Empire 14018: 14013: 14007: 14005: 13998: 13997: 13995:Trench warfare 13992: 13991: 13990: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13959: 13958: 13947: 13945: 13938: 13934: 13933: 13930: 13929: 13927: 13926: 13920: 13914: 13908: 13902: 13901: 13900: 13894: 13888: 13882: 13871: 13865: 13859: 13853: 13847: 13841: 13835: 13829: 13823: 13817: 13811: 13805: 13799: 13793: 13787: 13781: 13775: 13768: 13766: 13762: 13761: 13759: 13758: 13752: 13746: 13740: 13734: 13728: 13722: 13716: 13711: 13708:Volta-Bani War 13705: 13699: 13693: 13687: 13681: 13675: 13669: 13663: 13657: 13650: 13648: 13644: 13643: 13641: 13640: 13635: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13546:Zeebrugge Raid 13543: 13538: 13533: 13527: 13525: 13519: 13518: 13516: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13429: 13427: 13421: 13420: 13418: 13417: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13392: 13391: 13390: 13380: 13375: 13370: 13365: 13360: 13354: 13352: 13348: 13347: 13345: 13344: 13339: 13337:Battle of Loos 13334: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13255: 13253: 13249: 13248: 13246: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13228:Black Sea raid 13225: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13159: 13157: 13153: 13152: 13150: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13133: 13132: 13130:Historiography 13121: 13119: 13115: 13114: 13112: 13111: 13105: 13099: 13093: 13087: 13084:Bosnian Crisis 13081: 13078:Tangier Crisis 13075: 13069: 13063: 13056: 13054: 13047: 13041: 13040: 13037: 13036: 13034: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13018: 13013: 13011:Ottoman Empire 13008: 13003: 12998: 12992: 12990: 12988:Central Powers 12984: 12983: 12981: 12980: 12975: 12974: 12973: 12971:British Empire 12966:United Kingdom 12963: 12958: 12953: 12952: 12951: 12946: 12944:Russian Empire 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12920: 12919: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12898: 12897: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12866: 12864: 12862:Entente Powers 12855: 12850: 12847: 12846: 12843: 12842: 12840: 12839: 12834: 12833: 12832: 12830:North Atlantic 12821: 12819: 12813: 12812: 12810: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12793: 12791: 12785: 12784: 12782: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12755: 12753: 12747: 12746: 12744: 12743: 12741:Central Arabia 12738: 12733: 12728: 12723: 12718: 12713: 12707: 12705: 12703:Middle Eastern 12699: 12698: 12696: 12695: 12690: 12689: 12688: 12678: 12673: 12672: 12671: 12660: 12658: 12649: 12645: 12644: 12642: 12641: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12606: 12604:Historiography 12601: 12596: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12575: 12572: 12571: 12564: 12563: 12556: 12549: 12541: 12532: 12531: 12529: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12513: 12508: 12503: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12468: 12462: 12460: 12456: 12455: 12452: 12451: 12449: 12448: 12447: 12446: 12435: 12433: 12429: 12428: 12426: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12379: 12377: 12371: 12370: 12368: 12367: 12362: 12360:State of Burma 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12331: 12329: 12325: 12324: 12322: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12301: 12288: 12286: 12279: 12275: 12274: 12271: 12270: 12268: 12267: 12262: 12248: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12188: 12186:Musha Incident 12183: 12178: 12176:Jinan incident 12173: 12167: 12165: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12109: 12108: 12097: 12095: 12089: 12088: 12086: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12035: 12033:Beipu uprising 12030: 12024: 12022: 12017: 12011: 12007: 12006: 12003: 12002: 12000: 11999: 11997:Treaty Faction 11994: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11974: 11968: 11966: 11961: 11958: 11957: 11955: 11954: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11934: 11929: 11927:Imperial Guard 11924: 11919: 11914: 11908: 11906: 11901: 11898: 11897: 11895: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11879: 11874: 11869: 11868: 11867: 11852: 11851: 11850: 11845: 11834: 11832: 11827: 11821: 11817: 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11129: 11109: 11103: 11090: 11084: 11068: 11052: 11032: 11026: 11009: 11003: 10990: 10971:978-0307739742 10970: 10957: 10951: 10934:Saigō Takamori 10923: 10917: 10897: 10891: 10885:. NIAS Press. 10878: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10833: 10832: 10809: 10796: 10774: 10759: 10752: 10734: 10716: 10713:978-0674022416 10700: 10683: 10665: 10647: 10626: 10607: 10605:, p. 259. 10595: 10583: 10568: 10549:(1): 103–116. 10529: 10522: 10492: 10465: 10454:(3): 254–268. 10448:Public Affairs 10438: 10419: 10385: 10360: 10334: 10325: 10313: 10306: 10286: 10279: 10259: 10252: 10233: 10231:, 2001, p. 284 10215: 10185: 10156: 10150:Hane, Mikiso, 10143: 10113: 10088: 10062: 10056:978-0520213616 10055: 10037: 10034:. p. 503. 10030:Paine, Sarah. 10022: 10005: 9972: 9960: 9945: 9938: 9918: 9906: 9890: 9888:(1940) p. 107. 9884:Phra Sarasas, 9877: 9855: 9846: 9823: 9816: 9798: 9780: 9761: 9742: 9716: 9698: 9679: 9664: 9648: 9630: 9612: 9593: 9590:. May 2, 2017. 9575: 9566:978-0691176475 9565: 9545: 9534: 9512: 9501: 9499:www.calvin.edu 9482: 9467: 9453: 9441: 9439:, p. 312. 9426: 9424:, p. 124. 9414: 9398: 9396:, p. 286. 9386: 9362: 9350: 9348:, p. 116. 9338: 9336:, p. 282. 9326: 9314: 9302: 9290: 9284:978-1134252305 9283: 9263: 9247: 9228: 9226:, p. 433. 9216: 9214:, p. 234. 9204: 9140: 9062: 9048: 9028: 9016: 8982: 8967: 8965:, p. 669. 8955: 8938: 8932:978-0226412344 8931: 8913: 8906: 8884: 8858: 8836: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8822: 8821: 8808: 8794: 8780: 8762: 8735: 8731:Yasukuni Jinja 8713: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8696: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8663:Emperor system 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8639: 8638: 8624: 8608: 8605: 8604: 8603: 8600: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8557: 8553: 8550: 8547: 8546: 8538: 8537: 8530: 8529: 8522: 8521: 8502: 8501: 8494: 8493: 8478: 8477: 8474: 8471: 8458: 8443: 8429: 8428: 8425: 8422: 8409: 8394: 8380: 8379: 8376: 8371: 8358: 8343: 8329: 8328: 8325: 8322: 8319: 8316: 8307: 8304: 8303: 8302: 8295: 8288:South Sakhalin 8280:Inner Mongolia 8252:Kantarō Suzuki 8244: 8233: 8232:(November 23). 8222: 8205:forces in the 8195:Doolittle Raid 8171: 8154:1941: General 8152: 8129: 8118: 8104: 8082:Fumimaro Konoe 8074: 8071:Inner Mongolia 8065:(December 3). 8056:its first pact 8044: 8043:(December 29). 8033: 8030: 8019:a coup attempt 8009:(January 29). 8007:shell the city 8003: 7984: 7981: 7974: 7967: 7960: 7957:Emperor Taishō 7951: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7944:Katsura Kotaro 7942: 7939: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7925:Shinji Maejima 7923: 7918: 7915: 7913:Tokubei Kuroda 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7893:Jiro Horikoshi 7890: 7885: 7880: 7878:Ozawa Yoshiaki 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7783:Seishi Kikuchi 7780: 7775: 7770: 7768:Shoichi Sakata 7765: 7760: 7758:Tomizo Yoshida 7755: 7753:Kazuo Kubokawa 7750: 7748:Takeo Hatanaka 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7693:Yanosuke Hirai 7690: 7688:Soichiro Honda 7685: 7680: 7678:Jiro Horikoshi 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7631: 7628:Ozawa Yoshiaki 7620: 7614: 7603: 7600:Masuzo Shikata 7597: 7586: 7583:Yoshio Nishina 7580: 7574: 7568: 7557: 7546: 7540: 7534: 7523: 7515: 7509: 7506:Umetaro Suzuki 7503: 7497: 7491: 7485: 7479: 7476:Hisashi Kimura 7468: 7462: 7456: 7450: 7447:Masataka Ogawa 7444: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7405: 7394: 7391:Yoshishige Abe 7388: 7382: 7376: 7370: 7364: 7361: 7355: 7349: 7343: 7337: 7331: 7325: 7319: 7313: 7307: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7292: 7286: 7280: 7269: 7263: 7257: 7246: 7240: 7237:Hidetsugu Yagi 7234: 7228: 7222: 7216: 7210: 7204: 7201: 7198:Jujiro Matsuda 7195: 7192:Namihei Odaira 7189: 7183: 7180:Sakichi Toyoda 7177: 7171: 7165: 7162: 7156: 7150: 7144: 7138: 7132: 7126: 7123:Masuda Takashi 7120: 7117: 7111: 7105: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7090: 7084: 7081:Minoru Shirota 7078: 7072: 7069:Satyu Yamaguti 7066: 7063:Hitoshi Kihara 7055: 7049: 7046:Yaichirō Okada 7043: 7037: 7031: 7025: 7019: 7013: 7007: 7001: 6995: 6989: 6983: 6977: 6971: 6965: 6962:Gennosuke Fuse 6954: 6951:Takaoki Sasaki 6943: 6937: 6934:Hideyo Noguchi 6926: 6920: 6917:Ryukichi Inada 6909: 6903: 6892: 6886: 6880: 6877:Takuji Iwasaki 6874: 6868: 6862: 6856: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6815: 6809: 6798: 6792: 6786: 6783: 6777: 6771: 6765: 6759: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6738: 6732: 6726: 6720: 6709: 6703: 6697: 6691: 6688:Kunio Yanagita 6685: 6679: 6676: 6670: 6664: 6661:Naitō Torajirō 6658: 6652: 6649:Yusuke Hashiba 6646: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6630: 6629: 6615: 6608: 6606: 6602:Imperial Prize 6596: 6589: 6587: 6576: 6569: 6567: 6537: 6530: 6528: 6524:Imperial Prize 6518: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6472: 6470: 6456:Main article: 6453: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6426: 6424: 6410:Main article: 6407: 6404: 6377: 6376: 6370:September 2021 6356: 6354: 6340:Main article: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6332: 6322: 6319:Chūichi Nagumo 6315: 6308: 6294: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6280: 6273: 6270: 6263: 6253: 6243: 6238:Admiral Count 6236: 6226: 6213: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6192: 6185: 6178: 6171: 6166:Field Marshal 6164: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6147:Kodama Gentarō 6143: 6129: 6127:Nagaoka Gaishi 6125:General Count 6123: 6119:General Count 6117: 6112:General Count 6110: 6105:General Count 6103: 6096: 6089: 6082: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6023:Main article: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6015: 6009:Hiroshi Ōshima 6001: 6000: 5994:Ishii Kikujiro 5990: 5984:Torii Tadafumi 5980: 5970: 5964:Kaneko Kentarō 5960: 5954:Hayashi Tadasu 5950: 5940: 5934:Boxer Protocol 5921: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5910: 5903: 5901: 5886: 5879: 5877: 5870: 5863: 5861: 5855: 5848: 5845: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5829:Fumimaro Konoe 5823:World War II: 5821: 5820: 5814: 5808: 5802: 5799: 5793: 5787: 5779:Early period: 5764: 5761: 5756:Main article: 5753: 5750: 5738:For historian 5640:occupied Japan 5616:Main article: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5551:South Sakhalin 5435: 5432: 5380:Doolittle Raid 5323: 5320: 5255:forced to flee 5249:and President 5241:and later the 5176:city's capture 5174:following the 5163: 5160: 5092: 5089: 5038:Iwanami Shoten 5023:In 1940 Japan 4980:British Malaya 4978:—specifically 4976:Southeast Asia 4963:Panay incident 4914: 4911: 4838: 4835: 4827:A puppet state 4792:Forbidden City 4772:Main article: 4769: 4766: 4659: 4656: 4644: 4641: 4625: 4622: 4564: 4561: 4525:teikan yōshiki 4493:Fumimaro Konoe 4371: 4368: 4356:Treaty Faction 4301: 4298: 4282:Emperor Taishō 4271:Main article: 4267: 4266: 4225: 4223: 4216: 4209: 4208: 4184: 4182: 4175: 4158: 4155: 4049: 4046: 3926: 3923: 3857:Japan entered 3834: 3831: 3826:Main article: 3820:Emperor Taishō 3812: 3809: 3705:following the 3688:unequal treaty 3660:Main article: 3657: 3654: 3592: 3591: 3571: 3569: 3555:Main article: 3541: 3538: 3530:Boxer Protocol 3426:Boxer Protocol 3414:Boxer Protocol 3401: 3398: 3396:in this port. 3315:Joseon dynasty 3296: 3293: 3220:Masuda Takashi 3205: 3202: 3198:House of Peers 3186: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3081:Main article: 3078: 3075: 3064:Horyuji temple 2918:Book of Psalms 2914:Feast Services 2910:Pentecostarion 2754: 2751: 2714:westernization 2636:Iwakura Tomomi 2632:Kido Takayoshi 2621:new government 2582: 2579: 2532:The Boshin War 2502:Main article: 2499: 2496: 2476:Saigō Takamori 2386:movement, the 2337:Main article: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2311:in the world. 2203: 2200: 2141:Okinawa Island 2034:shokusan kōgyō 1945:Imperial Japan 1931: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1875:Transcriptions 1868: 1867: 1856: 1850: 1849: 1838: 1832: 1831: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1778: 1771: 1764: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1684: 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471: 466: 463: 460: 459: 456: 455: 452: 446: 445: 425: 424: 406: 400: 399: 397: 396: 393:state ideology 380: 368: 366: 362: 361: 359: 358: 353: 348: 343: 337: 335: 329: 328: 323: 319: 318: 316: 315: 312: 308: 306: 302: 301: 299: 298: 292: 286: 279: 277: 273: 272: 261: 257: 256: 253: 252: 235: 233: 212: 210: 201: 198: 190: 182: 181: 140: 139: 117: 116: 109: 102: 101: 95: 88: 87: 86: 83: 82: 78: 77: 74: 73: 63: 55: 54: 51: 28: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19140: 19129: 19126: 19124: 19121: 19119: 19116: 19114: 19111: 19109: 19106: 19104: 19101: 19099: 19096: 19094: 19091: 19089: 19086: 19084: 19081: 19079: 19076: 19074: 19071: 19069: 19066: 19064: 19061: 19059: 19056: 19054: 19051: 19049: 19046: 19044: 19041: 19040: 19038: 19031: 19028: 18991: 18988: 18986: 18983: 18981: 18978: 18977: 18974: 18967: 18957: 18955: 18945: 18943: 18933: 18931: 18921: 18919: 18918:Occupied Guam 18909: 18907: 18897: 18895: 18885: 18882: 18871: 18869: 18859: 18857: 18847: 18845: 18835: 18833: 18823: 18821: 18811: 18809: 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17849: 17845: 17842: 17838: 17835: 17831: 17828: 17824: 17819: 17815: 17814: 17812: 17808: 17805: 17801: 17798: 17794: 17791: 17787: 17784: 17780: 17777: 17773: 17770: 17766: 17763: 17759: 17756: 17752: 17749: 17745: 17742: 17738: 17735: 17731: 17728: 17724: 17721: 17717: 17714: 17710: 17709: 17707: 17705: 17701: 17694: 17690: 17685: 17684: 17679: 17678: 17676: 17672: 17669: 17665: 17660: 17656: 17655: 17653: 17649: 17646: 17645:Syrmian Front 17642: 17639: 17635: 17632: 17628: 17625: 17621: 17618: 17617: 17612: 17609: 17608: 17603: 17600: 17596: 17593: 17592: 17591:Market Garden 17587: 17584: 17580: 17577: 17573: 17570: 17566: 17563: 17562: 17557: 17554: 17550: 17547: 17543: 17540: 17536: 17533: 17529: 17526: 17522: 17519: 17515: 17512: 17511: 17506: 17503: 17499: 17496: 17495: 17490: 17487: 17486: 17481: 17478: 17477: 17472: 17469: 17465: 17462: 17458: 17455: 17451: 17450:Monte Cassino 17447: 17444: 17443: 17438: 17437: 17435: 17433: 17429: 17422: 17418: 17413: 17409: 17406: 17402: 17401: 17399: 17395: 17392: 17388: 17385: 17381: 17378: 17374: 17371: 17367: 17362: 17358: 17357: 17355: 17351: 17348: 17344: 17341: 17340: 17335: 17332: 17328: 17325: 17321: 17318: 17314: 17311: 17307: 17304: 17300: 17297: 17293: 17290: 17286: 17283: 17279: 17278: 17276: 17274: 17270: 17263: 17259: 17256: 17255: 17250: 17247: 17243: 17240: 17236: 17233: 17232: 17227: 17224: 17220: 17217: 17213: 17210: 17206: 17203: 17202: 17197: 17192: 17188: 17185: 17181: 17180: 17178: 17174: 17171: 17167: 17164: 17160: 17157: 17153: 17150: 17146: 17143: 17139: 17136: 17132: 17129: 17125: 17122: 17118: 17115: 17111: 17108: 17104: 17103: 17101: 17099: 17095: 17088: 17084: 17081: 17077: 17074: 17070: 17067: 17063: 17060: 17056: 17053: 17049: 17046: 17042: 17039: 17035: 17032: 17028: 17025: 17021: 17018: 17014: 17011: 17007: 17004: 17000: 16997: 16993: 16990: 16986: 16983: 16979: 16976: 16972: 16969: 16965: 16962: 16958: 16954: 16953: 16948: 16944: 16939: 16935: 16934: 16932: 16928: 16925: 16921: 16918: 16914: 16911: 16907: 16904: 16900: 16895: 16891: 16890: 16888: 16884: 16881: 16877: 16874: 16870: 16867: 16863: 16862: 16860: 16858: 16854: 16847: 16846: 16841: 16838: 16834: 16831: 16827: 16824: 16820: 16817: 16816:Baltic states 16813: 16810: 16806: 16803: 16799: 16796: 16792: 16789: 16785: 16782: 16778: 16775: 16771: 16768: 16764: 16761: 16757: 16754: 16750: 16747: 16743: 16740: 16736: 16733: 16729: 16726: 16722: 16719: 16715: 16714: 16712: 16710: 16706: 16699: 16695: 16692: 16688: 16685: 16681: 16678: 16674: 16671: 16667: 16664: 16660: 16657: 16653: 16652: 16650: 16648: 16644: 16635: 16631: 16628: 16624: 16621: 16617: 16614: 16610: 16607: 16603: 16602: 16600: 16596: 16591: 16587: 16584: 16580: 16579: 16577: 16573: 16568: 16564: 16563: 16561: 16557: 16556: 16554: 16552: 16548: 16545: 16543: 16539: 16528: 16524: 16521: 16517: 16512: 16508: 16505: 16501: 16500: 16496: 16491: 16487: 16486: 16484: 16480: 16477: 16473: 16468: 16464: 16461: 16460:United States 16457: 16452: 16448: 16447: 16445: 16441: 16440: 16436: 16433: 16429: 16428: 16426: 16424: 16420: 16413: 16409: 16404: 16400: 16397: 16396:Quốc dân Đảng 16393: 16392: 16388: 16385: 16381: 16378: 16374: 16371: 16367: 16364: 16360: 16357: 16353: 16350: 16346: 16343: 16339: 16336: 16332: 16329: 16325: 16322: 16318: 16315: 16311: 16308: 16304: 16301: 16297: 16294: 16290: 16285: 16281: 16278: 16274: 16273: 16271: 16267: 16264: 16260: 16257: 16253: 16250: 16246: 16243: 16239: 16236: 16232: 16229: 16225: 16222: 16218: 16215: 16211: 16208: 16204: 16201: 16197: 16194: 16190: 16187: 16183: 16180: 16176: 16173: 16169: 16166: 16162: 16159: 16155: 16154: 16152: 16150: 16146: 16139: 16135: 16132: 16128: 16125: 16121: 16118: 16114: 16111: 16107: 16104: 16100: 16097: 16096:Liechtenstein 16093: 16090: 16086: 16083: 16079: 16076: 16072: 16069: 16065: 16064: 16062: 16060: 16056: 16049: 16045: 16042: 16038: 16035: 16031: 16027: 16023: 16020: 16016: 16013: 16009: 16006: 16002: 15997: 15993: 15992: 15989: 15985: 15982: 15978: 15975: 15971: 15968: 15964: 15961: 15957: 15954: 15950: 15946: 15942: 15939: 15935: 15932: 15928: 15924: 15920: 15917: 15913: 15912: 15910: 15908: 15904: 15897: 15893: 15888: 15884: 15883: 15881: 15880:United States 15877: 15872: 15868: 15867: 15865: 15861: 15858: 15854: 15851: 15847: 15844: 15840: 15837: 15833: 15830: 15826: 15822: 15818: 15814: 15811: 15807: 15804: 15800: 15797: 15793: 15790: 15786: 15783: 15779: 15776: 15772: 15769: 15765: 15762: 15758: 15754: 15750: 15746: 15743: 15739: 15736: 15732: 15729: 15725: 15722: 15718: 15714: 15710: 15706: 15702: 15698: 15695: 15691: 15688: 15684: 15681: 15677: 15674: 15670: 15667: 15663: 15660: 15656: 15652: 15648: 15644: 15641: 15637: 15634: 15630: 15627: 15623: 15620: 15616: 15615: 15613: 15611: 15607: 15604: 15602: 15598: 15585: 15581: 15578: 15574: 15571: 15570:Comfort women 15567: 15564: 15560: 15557: 15554: / 15553: 15549: 15546: 15543: / 15542: 15539: / 15538: 15534: 15531: 15530:Camp brothels 15527: 15524: 15520: 15519: 15515: 15512: 15508: 15503: 15499: 15496: 15492: 15491: 15489: 15485: 15480: 15476: 15473: 15469: 15466: 15462: 15461: 15459: 15455: 15452: 15448: 15443: 15439: 15434: 15430: 15427: 15423: 15422: 15420: 15419:The Holocaust 15416: 15413: 15409: 15406: 15405:forced labour 15402: 15401: 15399: 15395: 15390: 15386: 15383: 15379: 15376: 15372: 15371: 15369: 15365: 15364: 15362: 15360: 15356: 15349: 15345: 15342: 15338: 15335: 15331: 15326: 15322: 15319: 15315: 15312: 15308: 15305: 15301: 15300: 15298: 15294: 15291: 15290: 15285: 15282: 15281: 15276: 15273: 15269: 15266: 15262: 15259: 15258:Marshall Plan 15255: 15252: 15251: 15246: 15243: 15239: 15236: 15232: 15229: 15225: 15222: 15218: 15215: 15211: 15208: 15204: 15201: 15197: 15194: 15190: 15189: 15187: 15185: 15181: 15174: 15170: 15165: 15161: 15160: 15158: 15154: 15151: 15147: 15142: 15138: 15135: 15131: 15128: 15124: 15123: 15121: 15117: 15112: 15111:Eastern Front 15108: 15105: 15104:Western Front 15101: 15100: 15098: 15094: 15089: 15085: 15082: 15078: 15075: 15071: 15068: 15064: 15061: 15057: 15054: 15050: 15049: 15047: 15043: 15042: 15040: 15038: 15034: 15027: 15023: 15020: 15016: 15013: 15009: 15006: 15002: 14999: 14998:Puppet states 14995: 14992: 14988: 14985: 14981: 14976: 14972: 14969: 14965: 14964: 14962: 14958: 14955: 14951: 14948: 14944: 14941: 14940:Naval history 14937: 14934: 14930: 14927: 14923: 14920: 14916: 14911: 14907: 14906: 14904: 14900: 14897: 14893: 14888: 14887:United States 14884: 14881: 14877: 14874: 14870: 14869: 14867: 14863: 14860: 14856: 14853: 14849: 14846: 14842: 14839: 14835: 14832: 14828: 14825: 14821: 14816: 14812: 14811: 14809: 14805: 14804: 14802: 14800: 14796: 14793: 14789: 14782: 14778: 14775: 14771: 14766: 14762: 14759: 14755: 14752: 14748: 14747: 14743: 14738: 14734: 14733: 14731: 14727: 14724: 14720: 14719: 14716: 14712: 14705: 14700: 14698: 14693: 14691: 14686: 14685: 14682: 14670: 14667: 14666: 14663: 14653: 14652: 14648: 14646: 14645: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14633: 14629: 14628: 14626: 14622: 14612: 14609: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14597: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14581: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14572: 14568: 14565: 14563: 14560: 14559: 14557: 14555: 14552: 14551: 14549: 14543: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14488: 14486: 14482: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14452: 14450: 14448: 14444: 14438: 14437:United States 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14394: 14392: 14388: 14385: 14382: 14377: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14345: 14342: 14340: 14337: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14330: 14327: 14325: 14322: 14320: 14317: 14315: 14312: 14308: 14305: 14301: 14298: 14297: 14296: 14293: 14292: 14290: 14289: 14287: 14285: 14281: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14265: 14264: 14262: 14261: 14259: 14257: 14253: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14227: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14216: 14213: 14212: 14210: 14209: 14207: 14205: 14201: 14193: 14190: 14188: 14185: 14184: 14182: 14180: 14177: 14173: 14172: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14152: 14150: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14137: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14129: 14127: 14123: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14104: 14103: 14101: 14097: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14080: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14069: 14066: 14065: 14063: 14062: 14060: 14054: 14049: 14039: 14038:United States 14036: 14032: 14029: 14028: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14008: 14006: 14002: 13996: 13993: 13989: 13988:Convoy system 13986: 13985: 13984: 13983:Naval warfare 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13957: 13954: 13953: 13952: 13949: 13948: 13946: 13942: 13939: 13935: 13924: 13921: 13918: 13915: 13912: 13909: 13906: 13903: 13898: 13895: 13892: 13889: 13886: 13883: 13880: 13877: 13876: 13875: 13872: 13869: 13866: 13863: 13860: 13857: 13854: 13851: 13848: 13845: 13842: 13839: 13836: 13833: 13830: 13827: 13824: 13821: 13818: 13815: 13812: 13809: 13806: 13803: 13800: 13797: 13794: 13791: 13788: 13785: 13782: 13779: 13776: 13773: 13770: 13769: 13767: 13763: 13756: 13753: 13750: 13747: 13744: 13743:Kaocen revolt 13741: 13738: 13737:Easter Rising 13735: 13732: 13729: 13726: 13723: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13709: 13706: 13703: 13700: 13697: 13694: 13691: 13688: 13685: 13682: 13679: 13676: 13673: 13670: 13667: 13664: 13661: 13658: 13655: 13652: 13651: 13649: 13645: 13639: 13636: 13632: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13528: 13526: 13524: 13520: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13430: 13428: 13426: 13422: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13389: 13386: 13385: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13355: 13353: 13349: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13302:Great Retreat 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13277: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13256: 13254: 13250: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13173:Battle of Cer 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13160: 13158: 13154: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13131: 13128: 13127: 13126: 13123: 13122: 13120: 13116: 13109: 13106: 13103: 13100: 13097: 13094: 13091: 13090:Agadir Crisis 13088: 13085: 13082: 13079: 13076: 13073: 13070: 13067: 13064: 13061: 13058: 13057: 13055: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13042: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13019: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12993: 12991: 12989: 12985: 12979: 12978:United States 12976: 12972: 12969: 12968: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12941: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12918: 12915: 12914: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12896: 12895:French Empire 12893: 12892: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12867: 12865: 12863: 12859: 12856: 12848: 12838: 12837:Mediterranean 12835: 12831: 12828: 12827: 12826: 12823: 12822: 12820: 12818: 12817:Naval warfare 12814: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12794: 12792: 12790: 12786: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12756: 12754: 12752: 12748: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12708: 12706: 12704: 12700: 12694: 12693:Italian Front 12691: 12687: 12684: 12683: 12682: 12681:Eastern Front 12679: 12677: 12676:Western Front 12674: 12670: 12667: 12666: 12665: 12662: 12661: 12659: 12657: 12653: 12650: 12646: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12634:Puppet states 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12576: 12573: 12569: 12562: 12557: 12555: 12550: 12548: 12543: 12542: 12539: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12471:Fukoku kyōhei 12469: 12467: 12464: 12463: 12461: 12457: 12445: 12442: 12441: 12440: 12437: 12436: 12434: 12430: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12380: 12378: 12376: 12372: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12332: 12330: 12328:Puppet states 12326: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12299: 12298: 12293: 12290: 12289: 12287: 12283: 12280: 12276: 12266: 12263: 12260: 12256: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12168: 12166: 12164: 12160: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12107: 12104: 12103: 12102: 12099: 12098: 12096: 12094: 12090: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12026: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12015: 12012: 12008: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11992:Fleet Faction 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11972:General Staff 11970: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11959: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11940: 11938: 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11912:General Staff 11910: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11899: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11866: 11865:military code 11864: 11860: 11859: 11858: 11857: 11853: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11840: 11839: 11836: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11825: 11822: 11818: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11797: 11796: 11795:Imperial Diet 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11785:Privy Council 11783: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11765: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11703:Home Ministry 11701: 11699: 11696: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11683: 11680: 11676: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11581: 11579: 11575: 11569: 11566: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11546:Imperial Seal 11544: 11543: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11531:Flag of Japan 11529: 11528: 11526: 11522: 11516: 11510: 11508: 11502: 11500: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11487: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11450: 11447: 11446: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11386: 11384: 11380: 11376: 11369: 11364: 11362: 11357: 11355: 11350: 11349: 11346: 11335: 11334: 11327: 11326: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11302: 11301: 11294: 11288: 11283: 11279: 11278: 11267: 11261: 11257: 11252: 11248: 11246:0-82641-521-0 11242: 11238: 11233: 11229: 11223: 11215: 11213:4-925080-28-8 11209: 11205: 11201: 11197: 11193: 11191:0-665-98994-6 11187: 11183: 11178: 11174: 11168: 11164: 11163: 11157: 11153: 11152: 11146: 11144: 11140: 11137: 11136:OCLC 46731178 11132: 11130:0-231-12341-8 11126: 11121: 11120: 11114: 11113:Keene, Donald 11110: 11106: 11104:0-5200-4557-2 11100: 11096: 11091: 11087: 11085:0-5214-8405-7 11081: 11077: 11073: 11069: 11067: 11063: 11060: 11059:OCLC 44090600 11055: 11053:0-674-00334-9 11049: 11044: 11043: 11037: 11033: 11029: 11027:0-521-22352-0 11023: 11019: 11015: 11010: 11006: 11000: 10997:. Routledge. 10996: 10991: 10987: 10981: 10973: 10967: 10963: 10958: 10954: 10952:4-309-76041-4 10948: 10944: 10940: 10939: 10935: 10928:図説西郷隆盛と大久保利通 10924: 10920: 10914: 10910: 10906: 10902: 10898: 10894: 10892:9788776941833 10888: 10884: 10879: 10875: 10871: 10867: 10863: 10859: 10855: 10848: 10843: 10842: 10828: 10824: 10820: 10813: 10806: 10803:J. W. Dower, 10800: 10785: 10778: 10770: 10763: 10755: 10753:0-521-22352-0 10749: 10745: 10738: 10730: 10726: 10720: 10714: 10710: 10704: 10697: 10696:9780786418220 10693: 10687: 10679: 10675: 10669: 10661: 10657: 10651: 10643: 10639: 10633: 10631: 10622: 10618: 10611: 10604: 10599: 10593:, p. 81. 10592: 10587: 10579: 10572: 10564: 10560: 10556: 10552: 10548: 10544: 10540: 10533: 10525: 10523:9789004213203 10519: 10515: 10511: 10507: 10503: 10496: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10469: 10461: 10457: 10453: 10449: 10442: 10434: 10430: 10423: 10407: 10403: 10399: 10395: 10389: 10374: 10370: 10364: 10348: 10347:The Economist 10344: 10338: 10329: 10323:, p. 78. 10322: 10317: 10309: 10303: 10299: 10298: 10290: 10282: 10276: 10273:. Routledge. 10272: 10271: 10263: 10255: 10249: 10245: 10244: 10237: 10230: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10203: 10199: 10195: 10189: 10173: 10169: 10163: 10161: 10153: 10147: 10131: 10127: 10123: 10117: 10102: 10098: 10092: 10085: 10081: 10077: 10074: 10069: 10067: 10058: 10052: 10048: 10041: 10033: 10026: 10020:, p. 99. 10019: 10014: 10012: 10010: 10003:, p. 98. 10002: 9997: 9995: 9993: 9991: 9989: 9987: 9985: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9977: 9970:, p. 97. 9969: 9964: 9958:, p. 44. 9957: 9952: 9950: 9941: 9935: 9931: 9930: 9922: 9916: 9910: 9904: 9900: 9894: 9887: 9881: 9873: 9866: 9859: 9850: 9843: 9840: 9836: 9833: 9827: 9819: 9813: 9809: 9802: 9794: 9790: 9784: 9776: 9772: 9765: 9757: 9753: 9746: 9738: 9734: 9727: 9720: 9712: 9708: 9702: 9694: 9690: 9683: 9675: 9668: 9660: 9659: 9652: 9644: 9643:Lonely Planet 9640: 9634: 9626: 9622: 9616: 9608: 9604: 9597: 9589: 9585: 9579: 9572: 9568: 9562: 9558: 9557: 9549: 9543: 9538: 9522: 9516: 9510: 9505: 9498: 9494: 9491: 9486: 9478: 9471: 9463: 9457: 9450: 9445: 9438: 9433: 9431: 9423: 9418: 9412:, p. 42. 9411: 9410:Hagiwara 2004 9407: 9402: 9395: 9390: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9366: 9359: 9354: 9347: 9342: 9335: 9330: 9324:, p. 35. 9323: 9322:Hagiwara 2004 9318: 9311: 9306: 9300:, p. 34. 9299: 9298:Hagiwara 2004 9294: 9286: 9280: 9276: 9275: 9267: 9260: 9254: 9252: 9243: 9239: 9232: 9225: 9220: 9213: 9208: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9184: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9168: 9164: 9160: 9159: 9151: 9149: 9147: 9145: 9137: 9122: 9118: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9082: 9081: 9073: 9066: 9051: 9049:9780521785037 9045: 9041: 9040: 9032: 9025: 9020: 9009:September 30, 9005: 9001: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8987: 8979: 8974: 8972: 8964: 8959: 8951: 8950: 8942: 8934: 8928: 8924: 8917: 8909: 8907:9781884964046 8903: 8899: 8895: 8888: 8872: 8868: 8862: 8847: 8841: 8837: 8818: 8812: 8798: 8784: 8776: 8772: 8766: 8759: 8753: 8744: 8739: 8732: 8727: 8726:Marius Jansen 8723: 8717: 8708: 8704: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8640: 8636: 8630: 8625: 8622: 8611: 8597: 8592: 8585: 8580: 8573: 8568: 8561: 8556: 8555: 8543: 8539: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8514:Emperor Kōmei 8511: 8510:Sachi-no-miya 8507: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8472: 8460:Michi-no-miya 8459: 8447: 8444: 8431: 8426: 8423: 8410: 8398: 8395: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8360:Sachi-no-miya 8359: 8347: 8344: 8331: 8326: 8323: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8311: 8300: 8296: 8293: 8292:Kuril Islands 8289: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8249: 8245: 8242: 8238: 8237:Kuniaki Koiso 8234: 8231: 8227: 8223: 8220: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8188: 8184: 8180: 8176: 8172: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8150: 8146: 8145:fall of Paris 8142: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8127: 8123: 8119: 8116: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8102: 8098: 8095: 8091: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8075: 8072: 8068: 8064: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8045: 8042: 8038: 8037:Keisuke Okada 8034: 8031: 8029:(December 7). 8028: 8024: 8020: 8016: 8012: 8008: 8004: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7982: 7979: 7975: 7972: 7971:Emperor Shōwa 7968: 7965: 7964:Tanaka Giichi 7961: 7958: 7954: 7953: 7943: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7898:Yoshiro Okabe 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7888:Yuzuru Hiraga 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7873:Kinjiro Okabe 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7828:Kikutaro Baba 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7813:Jisaburo Ohwi 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7803:Shigeo Shingo 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7743:Hideki Yukawa 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7683:Hideo Itokawa 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7640: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7615: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7601: 7598: 7595: 7591: 7587: 7584: 7581: 7578: 7575: 7572: 7569: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7544: 7543:Keiichi Aichi 7541: 7538: 7535: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7513: 7510: 7507: 7504: 7501: 7500:Shinzo Shinjo 7498: 7495: 7492: 7489: 7486: 7483: 7480: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7466: 7465:Shin Hirayama 7463: 7460: 7457: 7454: 7451: 7448: 7445: 7442: 7441:Kikunae Ikeda 7439: 7436: 7433: 7430: 7429:Sekiya Seikei 7427: 7424: 7421: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7403: 7402:Sōichi Kakeya 7399: 7395: 7392: 7389: 7386: 7383: 7380: 7377: 7374: 7373:Yoshio Mikami 7371: 7368: 7365: 7362: 7359: 7356: 7353: 7350: 7347: 7344: 7341: 7338: 7335: 7332: 7329: 7328:Hōjō Tokiyuki 7326: 7323: 7320: 7317: 7314: 7311: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7301: 7290: 7287: 7284: 7281: 7278: 7277:Kinjiro Okabe 7274: 7270: 7267: 7264: 7261: 7258: 7255: 7254:Yasujiro Niwa 7251: 7247: 7244: 7243:Michio Suzuki 7241: 7238: 7235: 7232: 7229: 7226: 7223: 7220: 7217: 7214: 7211: 7208: 7205: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7193: 7190: 7187: 7184: 7181: 7178: 7175: 7172: 7169: 7166: 7163: 7160: 7157: 7154: 7151: 7148: 7147:Hirai Seijirō 7145: 7142: 7139: 7136: 7133: 7130: 7127: 7124: 7121: 7118: 7115: 7112: 7109: 7108:Ōshima Takatō 7106: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7088: 7085: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7073: 7070: 7067: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7053: 7050: 7047: 7044: 7041: 7038: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7028:Kanesuke Hara 7026: 7023: 7020: 7017: 7014: 7011: 7008: 7005: 7002: 6999: 6998:Kyusaku Ogino 6996: 6993: 6990: 6987: 6984: 6981: 6980:Ichiro Miyake 6978: 6975: 6972: 6969: 6966: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6941: 6938: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6924: 6921: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6907: 6904: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6890: 6887: 6884: 6883:Kiyoshi Shiga 6881: 6878: 6875: 6872: 6869: 6866: 6863: 6860: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6846: 6843: 6840: 6837: 6834: 6831: 6828: 6825: 6822: 6819: 6816: 6813: 6810: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6796: 6793: 6790: 6787: 6784: 6781: 6778: 6775: 6774:Tanaka Yoshio 6772: 6769: 6768:Nagayo Sensai 6766: 6763: 6760: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6742: 6739: 6736: 6733: 6730: 6727: 6724: 6721: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6707: 6706:Kōsaku Hamada 6704: 6701: 6698: 6695: 6692: 6689: 6686: 6683: 6680: 6677: 6674: 6671: 6668: 6665: 6662: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6647: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6612: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6593: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6573: 6568: 6558: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6534: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6515: 6510: 6509: 6489: 6480: 6476: 6473:This section 6471: 6468: 6464: 6463: 6459: 6443: 6434: 6430: 6427:This section 6425: 6422: 6418: 6417: 6413: 6399: 6392: 6389:and southern 6388: 6383: 6373: 6364: 6360: 6357:This section 6355: 6352: 6348: 6347: 6343: 6330: 6327: 6324:Rear Admiral 6323: 6320: 6316: 6313: 6309: 6307: 6303: 6300:(1884–1943), 6299: 6295: 6292: 6291:Mineichi Koga 6288: 6287: 6278: 6275:Vice Admiral 6274: 6271: 6268: 6264: 6261: 6258: 6254: 6251: 6250:Inoue Yoshika 6248: 6244: 6241: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6227: 6225: 6222:(1847–1934), 6221: 6218: 6214: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6204: 6190: 6186: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6162: 6158: 6157: 6148: 6144: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6128: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6111: 6108: 6107:Nogi Maresuke 6104: 6101: 6097: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6083: 6080: 6076: 6075:Field Marshal 6073: 6072: 6061: 6059: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6043:Yoshika Inoue 6040: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6005: 6004: 6003:World War II 5999: 5995: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5969: 5968:United States 5965: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5930:Komura Jutarō 5927: 5926: 5925: 5924:Early period 5907: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5883: 5878: 5874: 5867: 5862: 5859: 5852: 5847: 5846: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5826: 5825: 5824: 5819: 5815: 5813: 5809: 5807: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5781: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5771: 5759: 5748: 5743: 5741: 5740:John W. Dower 5735: 5730: 5728: 5723: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5696:Matsumae clan 5693: 5689: 5688:Kuril Islands 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5641: 5633: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5604: 5602: 5601: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5571: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5460: 5454: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5395: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5376: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5360: 5355: 5354: 5349: 5348: 5343: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5328: 5319: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5159: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5115: 5107: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5050: 5049:Tsuda Sōkichi 5046: 5045: 5039: 5035: 5030: 5026: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4959: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4920: 4910: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4895:Georgy Zhukov 4892: 4888: 4887:Joseph Stalin 4884: 4883:Kwantung Army 4880: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4864: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4758:North America 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4734:head of state 4731: 4727: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4654: 4650: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4621: 4617: 4615: 4610: 4608: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4583: 4574: 4569: 4560: 4557: 4552: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4515: 4514:Roger Griffin 4511: 4507: 4506:German Empire 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4478:Emperor Shōwa 4475: 4470: 4467: 4462: 4460: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4434: 4429: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4360:Fleet Faction 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4307: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4263: 4260: 4252: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4226:This section 4224: 4220: 4215: 4214: 4205: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4185:This section 4183: 4179: 4174: 4173: 4167: 4166:Emperor Shōwa 4163: 4154: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4131: 4127: 4126:True Seiyūkai 4118: 4109: 4104: 4101: 4096: 4094: 4088: 4085: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4067: 4059: 4054: 4045: 4043: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3994: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3965: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3922: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3829: 3828:Taishō period 3821: 3817: 3808: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3787: 3771: 3765: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3719: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3695:Korean Empire 3691: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3663: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3604: 3599: 3588: 3585:February 2018 3579: 3575: 3572:This section 3570: 3567: 3563: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3546: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3523: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3460: 3455: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3427: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3410:Komura Jutaro 3406: 3397: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3302: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3269: 3268:were formed. 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3245: 3241: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3226: 3221: 3217: 3216: 3210: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3190:Imperial Diet 3188:In 1890, the 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3139: 3132: 3127: 3125: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3109:republicanism 3106: 3102: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3038: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3011: 3005: 3004:) hairstyle. 3002: 2995: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2902:New Testament 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2882: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2749: 2744: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2687:Saburō Ienaga 2684: 2680: 2676: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2664:Kuril islands 2661: 2657: 2652: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2617:Meiji leaders 2613: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2591: 2590:Emperor Meiji 2587: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2556: 2552: 2544: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2461: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2449:Emperor Kōmei 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2353: 2348: 2347: 2340: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2318: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2278:United States 2275: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2260: 2253: 2252: 2246: 2241: 2240: 2233: 2232: 2225: 2224: 2209: 2199: 2197: 2196:Shōwa's reign 2193: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2129:United States 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2090:Fascist Italy 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2029: 2028:fukoku kyōhei 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1909:Official Term 1907: 1902: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1798:Japanese name 1796: 1792: 1787: 1777: 1772: 1770: 1765: 1763: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1600: 1599: 1589: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1502:Anpo protests 1500: 1498: 1497:Postwar Japan 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1401: 1397: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1292: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1281: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1215: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1193: 1192: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1120: 1116: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1094: 1093: 1088: 1087: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1012: 1008: 1007: 995: 994: 987: 983: 982: 979: 976: 975: 971: 967: 966: 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284: 281: 280: 278: 274: 270: 265: 262: 258: 250: 246: 245:Protectorates 242: 241:Puppet states 234: 231: 227: 223: 219: 211: 208: 200: 199: 196: 195: 188: 183: 156: 155: 145: 141: 137: 132: 128: 122: 118: 112: 111:Imperial Seal 106: 98: 92: 84: 79: 72: 67: 64: 57: 56: 49: 46: 42: 40: 35: 27: 19: 19000: 18620:World War II 18615: 18534:West Sumatra 18352:World War II 18347: 18279: 18228: 18172: 18152:Kankyōnan-dō 18142:Heianhoku-dō 18137:Heian'nan-dō 18132:Keishōnan-dō 18117:Zenrahoku-dō 18112:Chūseinan-dō 18089: 18018: 18002: 17952:Bibliography 17935: 17748:Project Hula 17713:Vistula–Oder 17682: 17615: 17606: 17590: 17560: 17509: 17493: 17484: 17475: 17441: 17338: 17253: 17229: 17199: 16950: 16843: 16788:North Africa 16490:Soviet Union 16444:Soviet Union 16370:Soviet Union 16138:Vatican City 16048:Vichy France 16004: 15953:German Reich 15850:Soviet Union 15836:South Africa 15829:Sierra Leone 15782:Newfoundland 15601:Participants 15584:Marocchinate 15288: 15279: 15249: 15127:North Africa 15088:Indian Ocean 14947:Nazi plunder 14838:Cryptography 14711:World War II 14649: 14642: 14630: 14237: / 14169: 14004:Conscription 13968:Cryptography 13905:Iraqi Revolt 13332:Siege of Kut 13275: 12916: 12853:participants 12802:German Samoa 12736:South Arabia 12459:Other topics 12295: 12138:Taishō Roman 11892:Conscription 11862: 11854: 11829:Armed Forces 11689:(ministries) 11589:Charter Oath 11584:Constitution 11466:State Shinto 11449:Essentialism 11399:Demographics 11374: 11331: 11329:1945–present 11323: 11315: 11308: 11298: 11255: 11236: 11203: 11181: 11161: 11150: 11118: 11094: 11075: 11041: 11017: 10994: 10964:. 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5684:peace treaty 5657: 5637: 5600:Gyokuon-hōsō 5598: 5572: 5564:Iron Curtain 5540: 5473: 5458: 5418:, landed on 5396: 5377: 5372:Pearl Harbor 5368: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5333: 5314:, including 5308:Dutch forces 5302:of the late 5284:Central Java 5232: 5228: 5221: 5217: 5181: 5156: 5136:Adolf Hitler 5116: 5112: 5085:ruling class 5075:Takamagahara 5042: 5022: 5019: 5015:Soviet Union 4992: 4986:(modern-day 4960: 4945: 4941:Nazi Germany 4876: 4867: 4865: 4854: 4831:Wang Jingwei 4808:united front 4797: 4788:Zhengyangmen 4710:puppet state 4695: 4638:World War II 4618: 4611: 4603: 4580: 4578: 4575:, March 1927 4553: 4537:Neoclassical 4532: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4486: 4481: 4471: 4466:Nambu pistol 4463: 4456: 4444:expansionism 4437: 4415: 4401: 4309: 4276: 4255: 4246: 4235:Please help 4230:verification 4227: 4199: 4195:adding to it 4186: 4151: 4138: 4125: 4116: 4105: 4097: 4089: 4081: 4070: 4063: 4038: 4014: 4004:and eastern 3995: 3990: 3979: 3961: 3900: 3856: 3805:World War II 3796: 3763: 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Germany 2033: 2026: 2023: 2003:World War II 1996: 1991:such as the 1949:nation-state 1944: 1940: 1936: 1934: 1891: 1887: 1881:Romanization 1672:Christianity 1643: 1568: 1534:Lost Decades 1525: 1462:World War II 1403: 1371: 1288: 1223: 1198:Nanban trade 1189: 1161: 1123: 1090: 1076: 1062: 1048: 1034: 1021: 1009: 953: 946: 862:Succeeded by 861: 856: 833:Japanese yen 813:• 1940 803:• 1920 728:World War II 655:25 July 1894 562:(since 1889) 523:Itō Hirobumi 437:(1889–1947) 426: 415:(1868–1889) 389:State Shinto 382: 371: 305:Largest city 192: 152: 143: 130: 121:Motto: 120: 70: 65: 45: 38: 26: 19128:Axis powers 19022: / 19010:139°45′10″E 18990:Pacific War 18519:Netherlands 18469:Wake Island 18464:Philippines 18122:Zenranan-dō 18023:after 1943) 17683:Bodenplatte 17569:Gothic Line 16795:West Africa 16342:Philippines 16321:Netherlands 16186:Czech lands 16124:Switzerland 16068:Afghanistan 16019:Philippines 15887:Puerto Rico 15803:Philippines 15789:New Zealand 15775:Netherlands 15728:Free France 15479:Prosecution 15280:Osoaviakhim 15150:West Africa 15134:East Africa 14781:Conferences 14267:Netherlands 14244:Switzerland 14125:Occupations 14116:Spanish flu 13893:(1919–1922) 13887:(1918–1921) 13881:(1918–1923) 13870:(1919–1921) 13864:(1919–1921) 13858:(1919–1920) 13834:(1918–1920) 13828:(1918–1920) 13822:(1918–1920) 13804:(1918–1920) 13786:(1918–1920) 13780:(1917–1921) 13774:(1917–1921) 13721:(1916-1918) 13719:Arab Revolt 13710:(1915–1917) 13704:(1915–1917) 13692:(1914-1917) 13686:(1914–1917) 13680:(1914–1921) 13674:(1913–1920) 13662:(1910–1920) 13656:(1900–1920) 13629: [ 13147:July Crisis 13068:(1880–1914) 12731:Mesopotamia 12609:Home fronts 12568:World War I 12501:Shōwa Modan 12476:Hakkō ichiu 12413:Philippines 12300:after 1943) 12278:Territories 12236:Pacific War 12101:World War I 11977:Air Service 11917:Air Service 11790:Gozen Kaigi 11506:(Yoshihito) 11498:(Mutsuhito) 11444:Nationalism 11389:Agriculture 10860:: 107–134. 10789:February 1, 10508:: 291–307. 10223:Herbert Bix 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The 5403:Guadalcanal 5316:Guadalcanal 5188:Philippines 5101:Pacific War 5036:, the firm 5029:Hakkō ichiu 5011:Axis Powers 4923:Axis powers 4702:Han Chinese 4688:during the 4630:Hakkō ichiu 4403:Sadao Araki 4324:Kokuryu-kai 3989:settle the 3941:during the 3939:Vladivostok 3859:World War I 3833:World War I 3382:Port Arthur 3323:Qing Empire 3321:of China's 3262:wage labour 3260:workers to 2956:Ōura Church 2944:during the 2840:untouchable 2741:Axis powers 2726:world power 2429:Shimonoseki 2309:great power 2269:Kaiserreich 2243:"Empire"). 2202:Terminology 2151:, with the 2125:Guadalcanal 2117:Pacific War 2078:nationalism 2066:World War I 1989:Concessions 1624:Earthquakes 1472:Pacific War 1380:World War I 1011:Paleolithic 857:Preceded by 817:105,200,000 707:7 July 1937 676:World War I 594:(from 1890) 586:Lower house 578:(1889–1947) 570:Upper house 557:(1871–1889) 545:Legislature 444:(1945–1947) 423:(1868–1885) 297:(1943–1947) 291:(1869–1943) 285:(1868–1869) 271:(1945–1947) 266:(1868−1945) 148:(1869–1945) 124:(1868–1912) 19037:Categories 19007:35°40′57″N 18529:New Guinea 18407:New Guinea 17783:West Hunan 17616:Pointblank 16952:Silver Fox 16938:Summer War 16691:Winter War 16670:Phoney War 16451:Azerbaijan 16412:Yugoslavia 16307:Luxembourg 16149:Resistance 15896:Yugoslavia 15761:Luxembourg 15563:Sook Ching 15359:War crimes 14961:Technology 14954:Opposition 14896:Lend-Lease 14873:Australian 14866:Home front 14824:Blitzkrieg 14774:Casualties 14765:Commanders 14737:Operations 14484:Agreements 14284:War crimes 14160:Luxembourg 14053:Casualties 12924:Montenegro 12759:South West 12639:Technology 12629:Propaganda 12619:Opposition 12265:Occupation 12093:Taishō era 12038:Boshin War 11882:War crimes 11678:Government 11654:Tonarigumi 11561:Privy Seal 11556:State Seal 11514:(Hirohito) 11439:Militarism 11394:Censorship 11318:1868−1947 11300:Edo period 11206:. London. 11184:. Oxford. 11143:Archive-It 10817:Klemen L. 10615:Klemen L. 10412:October 2, 10378:October 2, 10136:October 3, 10106:October 3, 9739:: 491–502. 9527:August 25, 9449:Keene 2002 9422:Keene 2002 9406:Keene 2002 9394:Satow 1921 9374:Satow 1921 9370:Keene 2002 9346:Keene 2002 9334:Satow 1921 9055:October 2, 8827:References 8297:1947: The 8274:, Chinese 8060:reoccupies 7994:after the 7763:Kiyosi Itô 7673:Kiro Honjo 7153:Dan Takuma 7129:Sasō Sachū 7114:Yamao Yōzō 6968:Kono Yasui 6667:Inō Kanori 6260:Ijuin Gorō 6086:Ōyama Iwao 6051:Iwao Ōyama 5974:Aoki Shūzō 5936:& the 5727:Korean War 5700:Edo Period 5585:after the 5502:by having 5407:New Guinea 5341:Enterprise 5322:Tide turns 5200:Australian 4804:Mao Zedong 4587:Mitsubishi 4440:militarism 4340:Kokuhonsha 4328:Tonarigumi 4304:See also: 4249:March 2024 4202:April 2021 4084:Katō Komei 3967:government 3851:See also: 3746:Ilje sidae 3619:Suez Canal 3513:Aoki Shūzō 3500:Dagu forts 3488:Rikusentai 3448:rikusentai 3437:rikusentai 3331:suzerainty 3053:15 shrines 2974:missionary 2922:Irmologion 2771:See also: 2735:As writer 2504:Boshin War 2498:Boshin War 2492:Edo Castle 2486:series of 2417:Royal Navy 2384:xenophobic 2357:Edo period 2333:Background 2074:militarism 2038:Boshin War 1826:ダイニッポンテイコク 1810:だいにっぽんていこく 1544:Cool Japan 1412:Militarism 1274:Boshin War 1227:(Tokugawa) 1109:Genpei War 838:Korean yen 807:77,700,000 792:Population 759:3 May 1947 404:Government 289:Tokyo City 18639:Manchukuo 18564:Manchukuo 18557:1931–1945 18490:Mengkiang 18417:Singapore 18383:Hong Kong 18273:Kantō-shū 17848:Manchuria 17734:Indochina 17510:Bagration 16961:Lithuania 16606:Anschluss 16403:Viet Minh 16300:Lithuania 16242:Hong Kong 16012:Manchukuo 15967:Azad Hind 15626:Australia 15426:Aftermath 15289:Paperclip 15184:Aftermath 14984:Total war 14852:Diplomacy 14815:In Europe 14381:Diplomacy 14088:Olympians 14011:Australia 13978:Logistics 13911:Vlora War 13840:(1918–19) 13816:(1918–19) 13810:(1918–19) 13798:(1918–19) 13745:(1916–17) 13727:(1916–17) 13678:Zaian War 13668:(1914–15) 13388:first day 13276:Lusitania 13104:(1912–13) 13098:(1911–12) 13086:(1908–09) 13080:(1905–06) 13062:(1870–71) 12851:Principal 12711:Gallipoli 12614:Memorials 12599:Geography 12589:Aftermath 12466:Sonnō jōi 12418:Singapore 12403:Hong Kong 12365:Azad Hind 12340:Mengjiang 12335:Manchukuo 12309:Kantō-shū 12251:Surrender 12163:Shōwa era 12148:Truku War 12019:Meiji era 11987:Tokkeitai 11952:Kempeitai 11863:Senjinkun 11780:Daijō-kan 11743:Munitions 11624:Mokusatsu 11414:Education 11337:1945–1952 11304:1603−1868 11222:cite book 10980:cite book 10874:158403519 10555:0027-0741 10433:Old Tokyo 10394:"猶太人対策要綱" 10321:Nish 2002 10018:Drea 2009 10001:Drea 2009 9968:Drea 2009 9607:GaijinPot 9199:144547927 9183:0002-7162 9117:146284542 9101:0010-4175 8832:Citations 8518:Mutsuhito 8397:Yoshihito 8373:1868–1912 8346:Mutsuhito 8327:Era name 8276:Mengjiang 8272:Manchukuo 8264:Hiroshima 8067:Mengjiang 8011:Manchukuo 7863:Isao Imai 7663:Takeo Doi 6557:Daigenkai 6452:Education 5992:Viscount 5982:Viscount 5972:Viscount 5928:Marquess 5920:Diplomats 5763:Political 5655:country. 5649:Article 9 5575:mokusatsu 5528:Hiroshima 5434:Surrender 5414:, led by 5339:USS 5332:USS 5268:surrender 5260:Singapore 5212:Singapore 5172:Singapore 5071:historian 4988:Indonesia 4762:Australia 4746:Mengjiang 4714:Manchukuo 4658:Manchuria 4352:Keishichō 4320:Kempeitai 4290:Amaterasu 4286:Shōwa era 4273:Shōwa era 4108:Kenseikai 3964:Bolshevik 3780:日本統治時代の朝鮮 3764:Wae jeong 3652:in 1910. 3534:Manchuria 3490:from the 3450:from the 3408:Marquess 3124:shogunate 3105:democracy 2972:minister 2860:shamanism 2829:burakumin 2821:abattoirs 2817:burakumin 2802:burakumin 2800:) giving 2773:Burakumin 2730:East Asia 2421:Kagoshima 2389:sonnō jōi 2369:Bakumatsu 2339:Bakumatsu 2227:"Great", 2044:from the 1854:Shinjitai 1828:ダイニホンテイコク 1812:だいにほんていこく 1663:Religion 1654:Geography 1639:Education 1634:Era names 1264:Bakumatsu 1203:Imjin War 1163:Muromachi 1142:Genkō War 1132:Jōkyū War 420:Daijō-kan 365:Religion 81:1868–1947 18541:Portugal 18502:Cambodia 18298:Furanten 18230:Governor 18147:Kōkai-dō 18102:Kōgen-dō 18097:Keiki-dō 18015:Karafuto 17959:Category 17908:document 17818:document 17675:Ardennes 17659:Budapest 17607:Crossbow 17485:Overlord 17324:Smolensk 16542:Timeline 16377:Slovakia 16363:Thailand 16214:Ethiopia 16179:Bulgaria 16103:Portugal 16041:Thailand 15923:Bulgaria 15701:Eswatini 15694:Ethiopia 15647:Bulgaria 15472:Unit 731 15433:Response 15250:Keelhaul 15200:Cold War 15173:Americas 15164:timeline 15157:Atlantic 15037:Theaters 14669:Category 14256:Refugees 14222:Italians 14211:Germans 14171:Ober Ost 13951:Aviation 13045:Timeline 13016:Bulgaria 12797:Tsingtao 12774:Togoland 12721:Caucasus 12656:European 12648:Theatres 12444:Yen bloc 12432:Ideology 12423:Thailand 12292:Karafuto 12285:Colonies 11877:Kamikaze 11820:Military 11723:Treasury 11577:Policies 11568:Kimigayo 11489:Emperors 11456:Politics 11424:Eugenics 11382:Overview 11202:(1921). 11139:Archived 11115:(2002). 11074:(1995). 11062:Archived 11038:(2002). 10903:(2009). 10827:Archived 10621:Archived 10076:Archived 9956:Ion 2014 9835:Archived 9493:Archived 9121:Archived 9109:43908281 9087:(1): 8. 8775:Tokugawa 8743:Japanese 8607:See also 8473:1926–89 8446:Hirohito 8424:1912–26 8306:Emperors 8290:and the 8268:Nagasaki 8203:Filipino 8170:in 1941. 8063:Tsingtao 7648:Yoji Ito 6604:in 1932. 6526:in 1912. 6486:May 2021 6440:May 2021 6326:Viscount 6317:Admiral 6247:Viscount 6217:Marquess 6187:General 6180:General 6173:General 6019:Military 5706:and now 5668:Hokkaido 5653:pacifist 5568:Cold War 5532:Nagasaki 5334:Yorktown 5276:Malaysia 5220:and HMS 5131:Honolulu 5062:kokugaku 5007:alliance 4982:and the 4889:ordered 4682:Shenyang 4595:Sumitomo 4582:zaibatsu 4278:Hirohito 4147:Seiyūkai 4077:massacre 4017:Red Army 3890:and the 3876:Caroline 3872:Marianas 3699:de facto 3638:Sakhalin 3505:Boer War 3456:and the 3231:zaibatsu 3196:and the 3001:chonmage 2960:Nagasaki 2926:Japanese 2898:Hakodate 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