1233:
709:
1323:
1082:
350:
831:
960:
5641:
3954:
760:
1385:) and "erratic spelling". This spelling "sometimes reflects everyday Ulster Scots speech rather than the conventions of either modern or historic Scots, and sometimes does not". The result, Mac Póilin writes, is "often incomprehensible to the native speaker". In 2000, John Kirk described the "net effect" of that "amalgam of traditional, surviving, revived, changed, and invented features" as an "artificial dialect". He added,
1750:
inlaik in ootlay sillert wi resydentèrs. Mair betoken, but, we'll be leukkin forbye tae uphaud an ingang airtit wi tha hannlins furtae redd ootcum disayses. An we'r fur stairtin in tae leukk bodes agane fur oor baste kenmairk gate, 'at owre tha nixt wheen o yeirs wull be tha ootcum o sillerin tae aboot £60m frae resydentèrs furtae uphaud tha hale hannlin adae wi beef an tha mïlk-hoose.
1153:
of prose had become the dominant literary genre, overtaking poetry. This was a tradition shared with
Scotland which continued into the early 20th century. Scots also frequently appeared in Ulster newspaper columns, especially in Antrim and Down, in the form of pseudonymous social commentary employing
1107:
in
Strabane in 1735. These weaver poets looked to Scotland for their cultural and literary models and were not simple imitators but clearly inheritors of the same literary tradition following the same poetic and orthographic practices; it is not always immediately possible to distinguish traditional
1749:
We hae cum guid speed wi fettlin tae brucellosis, an A'm mintin at bein haleheidit tae wun tae tha stannin o bein redd o brucellosis aathegither. Forbye, A'm leukkin tae see an ettlin in core at fettlin tae tha TB o Kye, takkin in complutherin anent a screengin ontak, tha wye we'll can pit owre an
889:
This recognition differed significantly from the commitments entered into under the
Charter in relation to Irish, for which specific provisions under Part III were invoked for the protection and promotion of that language. The definition of Ullans from the North/South Co-operation (Implementation
740:, 20,930 people (1.14% of the population) stated that they can speak, read, write and understand Ulster Scots, 26,570 people (1.45% of the population) stated they can speak but cannot read or write Ulster Scots, and 190,613 people (10.38% of the population) reported having some knowledge of it.
1397:
In 2005, Gavin
Falconer questioned officialdom's complicity, writing: "The readiness of Northern Ireland officialdom to consign taxpayers' money to a black hole of translations incomprehensible to ordinary users is worrying". Recently produced teaching materials, have, on the other hand, been
733:(DCAL) accepted that the 1999 Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey "did not significantly indicate that unionists or nationalists were relatively any more or less likely to speak Ulster Scots, although in absolute terms there were more unionists who spoke Ulster Scots than nationalists".
912:
The legislative remit laid down for the agency by the North/South Co-operation (Implementation Bodies) Northern
Ireland Order 1999 is: "the promotion of greater awareness and the use of Ullans and of Ulster-Scots cultural issues, both within Northern Ireland and throughout the island".
1358:
activist, has described these revivalist orthographies as an attempt to make Ulster Scots an independent written language and to achieve official status. They seek "to be as different to
English (and occasionally Scots) as possible". He described it as a hotchpotch of obsolete words,
921:
Despite the Agency's reference to Ulster Scots as "a language", this eliding of the distinction between Ulster Scots as a linguistic form, and "Ulster Scots culture" broadly referring to cultural forms associated with the
Scottish-descended population, continued thereafter.
1393:. (Besides, the dialect revivalists claim not to be native speakers of the dialect themselves!) The colloquialness of this new dialect is deceptive, for it is neither spoken nor innate. Traditional dialect speakers find it counter-intuitive and false...
1687:
Gin ye hae guid analogue reception the nou, ye'r like no tae need tae replace yer ruiftap or set-tap aerial for the cheenge-ower – thare nae sic thing as a 'deegital aerial'. But gin ye hae ill analogue reception the nou, ye'll mebbe need tae replace
1031:. Many of the modest contemporary differences between Scots as spoken in Scotland and Ulster may be due to dialect levelling and influence from Mid Ulster English brought about through relatively recent demographic change rather than direct
816:
report stating: " accused the academy of wrongly promoting Ulster-Scots as a language distinct from Scots." This position is reflected in many of the
Academic responses to the "Public Consultation on Proposals for an Ulster-Scots Academy"
884:
The United
Kingdom declares, in accordance with Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Charter that it recognises that Scots and Ulster Scots meet the Charter's definition of a regional or minority language for the purposes of Part II of the
720:
residents claimed to speak Ulster Scots, which would mean a total speech community of approximately 30,000 in the territory. Other estimates range from 35,000 in
Northern Ireland, to an "optimistic" total of 100,000 including the
1248:
In 1992 the Ulster-Scots Language Society was formed for the protection and promotion of Ulster Scots, which some of its members viewed as a language in its own right, encouraging use in speech, writing and in all areas of life.
918:
to promote the study, conservation, development and use of Ulster Scots as a living language; to encourage and develop the full range of its attendant culture; and to promote an understanding of the history of the Ulster-Scots
890:
Bodies) Northern Ireland Order 1999 above was used on 1 July 2005 Second Periodical Report by the United Kingdom to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe outlining how the UK met its obligations under the Charter.
2865:
2576:
1042:
on behalf of Turlough O'Neil, her husband. Although documents dating from the Plantation period show conservative Scots features, English forms started to predominate from the 1620s as Scots declined as a written medium.
2901:
701:-born linguist Warren Maguire argued that some of the criteria that Gregg used as distinctive of Ulster Scots are common in south-west Tyrone and were found in other sites across Northern Ireland investigated by the
2951:
2879:
3070:
1715:
This wusnae a pooerfu guid openin fur a yarn. Alice answert brev an baakwardly, "A—A harly know, Sir, jest at this minute—at least A know wha A wus this moarnin, but heth, A hae bin changed a wheen o times since
3047:
1835:
1277:, is responsible for promotion of greater awareness and use of Ullans and of Ulster-Scots cultural issues, both within Northern Ireland and throughout the island. The agency was established as a result of the
1406:
The three text excerpts below illustrate how the traditional written form of Ulster Scots from the 18th to early 20th century was virtually indistinguishable from contemporary written Scots from Scotland.
1165:, John Stevenson (died 1932), writing as "Pat M'Carty", and John Clifford (1900–1983) from East Antrim. In the late 20th century the poetic tradition was revived, albeit often replacing the traditional
999:
Literature from shortly before the end of the unselfconscious tradition at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries is almost identical with contemporary writing from Scotland. W. G. Lyttle, writing in
863:
Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of Ireland establishing implementation bodies done at Dublin on the 8th day of March 1999
941:
laid on the Executive Committee a duty to "adopt a strategy setting out how it proposes to enhance and develop the Ulster Scots language, heritage and culture." This reflects the wording used in the
2050:
1307:
An Ulster Scots Academy has been planned with the aim of conserving, developing, and teaching the language of Ulster-Scots in association with native speakers to the highest academic standards.
1224:
A team in Belfast has begun translating portions of the Bible into Ulster Scots. The Gospel of Luke was published in 2009 by the Ullans Press. It is available in the YouVersion Bible Project.
808:), the Ulster-Scots Language Society and supporters of an Ulster-Scots Academy are of the opinion that Ulster Scots is a language in its own right. That position has been criticised by the
873:
The North/South Co-operation (Implementation Bodies) Northern Ireland Order 1999, which gave effect to the implementation bodies incorporated the text of the agreement in its Schedule 1.
669:
established the geographical boundaries of Ulster's Scots-speaking areas based on information gathered from native speakers. By his definition, Ulster Scots is spoken in mid and east
1154:
a folksy first-person style. The pseudonymous Bab M'Keen (probably successive members of the Weir family: John Weir, William Weir, and Jack Weir) provided comic commentaries in the
1728:"A cannae mak it onie mair clear," Alice answer, while polite, "fur A cannae unnerstan it maesel tae stairt wi; an baein sae monie different sizes in yin dae haes turnt mae heid."
2862:
2583:
1661:, perhaps being a rare exception. Instead there has been an increase in the use of somewhat creative phonetic spellings based on the perceived sound-to-letter correspondences of
2894:
3170:
2948:
2876:
2554:
5608:
3644:
2311:
1709:
The Caterpillar an Alice lukt at ither fur a quare while wi'oot taakin: finally the Caterpillar tuk the hookah oot o its mooth, an spoke tae hir in a languid, dozy voice.
3623:
3067:
2940:
3044:
1839:
537:
3692:
1099:
poetry, of which, some 60 to 70 volumes were published between 1750 and 1850, the peak being in the decades 1810 to 1840, although the first printed poetry (in the
3920:
1740:
1389:
It is certainly not a written version of the vestigial spoken dialect of rural County Antrim, as its activists frequently urge, perpetrating the fallacy that it's
1133:
532:
or group of dialects of Scots, although groups such as the Ulster-Scots Language Society and Ulster-Scots Academy consider it a language in its own right, and the
4459:
5556:
4479:
1177:, mostly using a blank verse form, but also occasionally the Habbie stanza. He employs an orthography that presents the reader with the difficult combination of
1113:
4576:
1046:
In Ulster Scots-speaking areas there was traditionally a considerable demand for the work of Scottish poets, often in locally printed editions. These include
945:
to refer to the enhancement and development of "the Ulster Scots language, heritage and culture". There is still controversy on the status of Ulster Scots.
1086:
1070:' poetry in 1787, the same year as the Edinburgh edition, followed by reprints in 1789, 1793 and 1800. Among other Scottish poets published in Ulster were
2081:
Gregg, R. J. (1964) "Scotch-Irish Urban Speech in Ulster: a Phonological Study of the Regional Standard English of Larne, County Antrim" in Adams, G. B.
1161:
A somewhat diminished tradition of vernacular poetry survived into the 20th century in the work of poets such as Adam Lynn, author of the 1911 collection
2057:
1144:
877:
5561:
2503:
3314:
4572:
1274:
926:
3235:
5418:
3367:
2796:
3942:
1140:
1121:
3320:
3018:
4638:
3685:
1342:
Ulster Scots has appeared, for example as "official translations", since the 1990s. However, it has little in common with traditional Scots
1093:
That was complemented by a poetry revival and nascent prose genre in Ulster, which started around 1720. The most prominent of these was the
5590:
1790:
996:, with the peak reached during the 1690s. In the core areas of Scots settlement, Scots outnumbered English settlers by five or six to one.
4757:
4181:
4093:
3977:
1314:
by filmmaker Deaglán O Mocháin traces back the origins of this culture and language, and relates its manifestations in today's Ireland.
5604:
1252:
Within the terms of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages the British Government is obliged, among other things, to:
4525:
4403:
3950:
5423:
4059:
3678:
3102:
Falconer, Gavin (2005) "Breaking Nature's Social Union – The Autonomy of Scots in Ulster" in John Kirk & Dónall Ó Baoill eds.,
2315:
712:
The proportion of respondents in the 2011 census in Northern Ireland aged 3 and above who stated that they could speak Ulster Scots
468:
3177:
1669:
or the adoption of a more esoteric "amalgam of traditional, surviving, revived, changed, and invented features" as exemplified in
5595:
4619:
4408:
2918:
2415:
1237:
786:
730:
1338:
By the early 20th century the literary tradition was almost extinct, though some 'dialect' poetry continued to be written. Much
5670:
4769:
4653:
4313:
869:"Ullans" is to be understood as the variety of the Scots language traditionally found in parts of Northern Ireland and Donegal.
5571:
4602:
3222:
3214:
2997:
2780:
2760:
17:
5473:
4856:
4742:
3608:
2337:
4811:
4724:
4681:
3360:
1701:
5576:
5340:
5243:
4737:
4648:
4423:
4226:
4186:
4174:
4169:
4157:
4085:
3935:
3116:
4433:
4152:
3630:
2722:
2693:
2270:
1232:
1038:
The earliest identified writing in Scots in Ulster dates from 1571: a letter from Agnes Campbell of County Tyrone to
2363:
1657:
The examples below illustrate how 21st century Ulster Scots texts seldom adhere to the previous literary tradition,
5599:
4623:
4255:
4198:
4138:
3467:
1770:
1174:
2006:
5236:
4863:
4309:
3701:
3481:
1785:
1185:(born 1939) has experimented with Ulster Scots for the translation of Classical verse, as in his 1995 collection
3330:
4868:
4764:
4438:
4418:
4373:
4071:
3871:
3353:
1322:
1282:
708:
5665:
4846:
4555:
4469:
3928:
3899:
1775:
954:
702:
681:, and in the fishing villages of the Mourne coast. It is also spoken in the Laggan district and parts of the
382:
3309:
2637:
McCoy, Gordon, and O'Reilly, Camille (2003) "Essentialising Ulster? the Ulster-Scots Language Movement". In
2507:
5503:
4821:
4747:
4597:
4530:
4454:
4328:
4285:
4052:
3089:
Kirk, John M. (2000) "The New Written Scots Dialect in Present–day Northern Ireland" in Magnus Ljung (ed.)
1262:
Provide facilities enabling non-speakers living where the language is spoken to learn it if they so desire.
1059:
461:
1081:
4841:
4214:
2814:
1259:
Provide appropriate forms and means for the teaching and study of the language at all appropriate stages.
782:; Caroline Macafee, for example, writes that "Ulster Scots is clearly a dialect of Central Scots." The
682:
272:
5546:
5185:
4851:
4545:
3651:
3502:
3243:
737:
2800:
5253:
5109:
4829:
4643:
4565:
4550:
4535:
4383:
4318:
4280:
4270:
4260:
4120:
3877:
3376:
3104:
Legislation, Literature and Sociolinguistics: Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and Scotland
930:
5271:
3576:
5498:
4628:
4242:
3637:
2286:
966:
inscription "Godis Providens Is My Inheritans" over the main entrance door leading to the tower in
442:
324:
207:
2028:
1256:
Facilitate and/or encourage of the use of Scots in speech and writing, in public and private life.
5675:
5566:
5515:
5231:
4983:
4732:
4592:
4398:
4343:
4333:
4300:
4133:
4045:
3658:
2616:
454:
144:
134:
124:
3754:
3325:
5586:
5463:
5089:
4609:
4464:
4353:
4304:
3488:
2979:
Montgomery, Michael Gregg, Robert (1997) 'The Scots language in Ulster', in Jones (ed.), p. 585
1039:
5680:
5248:
5219:
4752:
3904:
3894:
3861:
3474:
3414:
3385:
1351:
1190:
1047:
894:
775:
572:
5618:
5385:
5133:
4918:
4804:
4658:
4633:
4502:
4323:
4295:
3958:
3804:
3548:
3495:
1780:
1301:
993:
942:
212:
3759:
2481:
2051:"Strategy to Enhance and Develop the Ulster-Scots Dialect, Heritage and Culture 2015–2035"
1695:. Anither wey is tae wait until efter the cheenge-ower for tae see if yer pictur's affect.
8:
5493:
5395:
5291:
5179:
5024:
4714:
4704:
4614:
4290:
4147:
4128:
4082:
4021:
3953:
3866:
3509:
3407:
1956:
Macafee, C. (2001) "Lowland Sources of Ulster Scots" in J. M. Kirk & D. P. Ó Baoill,
1765:
1760:
1722:"A cannae explain maesel, A'm feart, Sir," said Alice, "baecaas A'm naw maesel, yae see."
1270:
902:
809:
722:
654:
533:
279:
197:
187:
107:
5320:
2599:
2219:
Global Convulsions: Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism at the End of the Twentieth Century
844:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
5520:
5453:
5448:
5375:
5358:
5276:
4963:
4958:
4891:
4520:
4388:
4338:
4275:
4250:
4246:
4164:
4108:
3909:
2908:
is generally not used outwith the north-east of Scotland and is semantically different.
2603:
2263:
Language and Dialect Contact in Ireland: The Phonological Origins of Mid-Ulster English
1888:
Gregg, R. J. (1972) "The Scotch-Irish Dialect Boundaries in Ulster" in Wakelin, M. F.,
1800:
1414:
1327:
1129:
678:
592:
551:
spoken with an Ulster Scots accent. This is a situation like that of Lowland Scots and
355:
139:
129:
76:
2922:
2419:
1265:
Promote study and research of the language at universities of equivalent institutions.
749:
349:
316:
5551:
5481:
5201:
5063:
4928:
4834:
4784:
4699:
4560:
4474:
3562:
3555:
3218:
3210:
2993:
2776:
2756:
2718:
2689:
2266:
1278:
1181:, dense Scots, and a greater variety of verse forms than employed hitherto. The poet
1055:
989:
967:
666:
336:
284:
5057:
4794:
3304:
2533:"The North/South Co-operation (Implementation Bodies) (Northern Ireland) Order 1999"
354:
Approximate boundaries of the traditional Scots language areas in Ulster, shaded in
5410:
5390:
5211:
5166:
4540:
4221:
4203:
4090:
3834:
3727:
3713:
3516:
3435:
3300:
1932:
1662:
1339:
1117:
1075:
1032:
798:
783:
717:
552:
548:
521:
264:
149:
3670:
2433:
1983:
897:(which does not refer to Ulster Scots as a "language") recognises Ulster Scots as
5510:
5438:
5433:
5263:
5141:
5068:
4709:
4393:
4368:
3845:
3809:
3783:
3742:
3569:
3295:
3206:
3074:
3051:
2955:
2905:
2883:
2869:
1182:
1149:
973:
649:, the preferred revivalist parlance, have also been used. Occasionally, the term
560:
116:
2532:
729:). Speaking at a seminar on 9 September 2004, Ian Sloan of the Northern Ireland
5645:
5541:
5380:
5368:
5146:
4209:
4193:
4143:
3993:
3972:
3788:
3771:
3732:
3400:
3117:"An Evaluation of the Work of the Curriculum Development Unit for Ulster-Scots"
2642:
1371:
1355:
1294:
1241:
1189:. The writing of Philip Robinson (born 1946) has been described as verging on "
1125:
985:
779:
726:
694:
686:
564:
525:
513:
497:
432:
422:
375:
192:
154:
2341:
959:
5659:
5196:
5029:
4903:
4378:
4363:
3840:
3827:
3737:
2836:
2717:, ed. Cronin, Michael & Ó Cuilleanáin, Cormac; Dublin: Four Courts Press
2602:
as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
1795:
1719:"What dae yae mean bae that?" said the Caterpillar sternly. "Explain yersel!"
793:, such as Raymond Hickey, treat Ulster Scots (and other forms of Scots) as a
789:
considers Ulster Scots to be "the local variety of the Scots language." Some
670:
427:
417:
202:
3280:
3275:
2056:. Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure (Northern Ireland). Archived from
5350:
5286:
5281:
5191:
5174:
4999:
4938:
4428:
4413:
3242:(in Scots). Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. Archived from
3123:
1166:
1100:
1095:
1067:
977:
963:
764:
568:
401:
396:
227:
222:
2684:
Corbett, John; McClure, J. Derrick & Stuart-Smith, Jane (eds.) (2003)
1244:
translation (middle) and a translation in a form of Ulster Scots (bottom).
801:. It has been said that its "status varies between dialect and language".
559:
closest to those of Standard English. Ulster Scots has been influenced by
5487:
5400:
5099:
5043:
5004:
4265:
3421:
3063:
2963:
2007:"An Academy established and the task begun: A report on work in progress"
1343:
1178:
1012:
768:
674:
604:
391:
217:
3345:
5581:
5104:
5014:
4978:
4968:
4774:
3764:
3534:
1104:
1071:
938:
759:
5225:
3285:
806:
Ulster-Scots: a Grammar of the Traditional Written and Spoken Language
5613:
5334:
5118:
4973:
4948:
4923:
4348:
3748:
3615:
3590:
3290:
2855:
2645:& Colin Ireland, eds. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
2458:
2154:
The Hamely Tongue: a Personal Record of Ulster-Scots in County Antrim
1360:
1300:
In 2001 the Institute of Ulster Scots Studies was established at the
790:
690:
600:
309:
297:
5299:
5019:
3270:
2482:"UK | Northern Ireland | Ulster-Scots academy 'misguided'"
1907:
935:
Strategies relating to Irish language and Ulster Scots language etc.
575:
of Ulster Scots can be described as "more English" or "more Scots".
5525:
5458:
5123:
5009:
4953:
4358:
3442:
1334:
showing English, Irish (middle) and a form of Ulster Scots (bottom)
1170:
992:, some 200,000, arrived during the 17th century following the 1610
3317:, and compare with other accents from the UK and around the World.
5443:
5428:
5327:
5114:
5094:
4068:
4037:
3821:
3815:
3583:
3541:
3335:
2193:
Language and Tradition in Ireland: Continuities and Displacements
1286:
1139:
Scots was also used in the narrative by Ulster novelists such as
1035:
with Irish, retention of older features or separate development.
794:
716:
The 1999 Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey found that 2% of
698:
613:
587:
by several researchers, that has now been superseded by the term
556:
529:
87:
4025:
2666:
2648:
2113:
Harris (1984) "English in the north of Ireland" in P. Trudgill,
901:, and the Implementation Agreement established the cross-border
571:. As a result of the competing influences of English and Scots,
5313:
5306:
5151:
5084:
4943:
4005:
3428:
2555:"List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148"
2401:
Crowley, Tony (2006) "The Political Production of a Language".
1290:
981:
603:
popularized by the physician, amateur historian and politician
517:
97:
2504:"Public Consultation on Proposals for an Ulster-Scots Academy"
591:. Speakers usually refer to their vernacular as 'Big Scots', '
5363:
4933:
3449:
2128:
Phonological Variation and Change: Studies in Hiberno English
2099:
Phonological Variation and Change: Studies in Hiberno English
1971:
Phonological Variation and Change: Studies in Hiberno English
1331:
876:
The declaration made by the British Government regarding the
3645:
First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland
3341:
Website promoting Ullans to the Gaelic community of Ireland.
2600:
Text of the Northern Ireland (St Andrews Agreement) Act 2006
1054:
in 1700; shortly over a decade later an edition of poems by
3624:
President of the Policy and Resources Committee of Guernsey
3340:
1089:(1814–1887) inscribed in paving in Writers' Square, Belfast
3205:;, tr. Anne Morrison-Smith. 2nd edition. Cathair na Mart:
5051:
2453:
2451:
813:
2858:(based on "folkways"), the traditional Scots word being
4480:
List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland
3141:
2448:
2185:
1958:
Languages Links: the Languages of Scotland and Ireland
1952:
1950:
899:"part of the cultural wealth of the island of Ireland"
3019:"Language, Identity and Politics in Northern Ireland"
2165:
Falconer, G. (2006) "The Scots Tradition in Ulster",
1902:
1900:
1898:
1169:
orthographic practice with a series of contradictory
4210:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
3321:
Language, Identity and Politics in Northern Ireland.
2251:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996; pp. xi–xii.
665:
During the middle of the 20th century, the linguist
3700:
2109:
2107:
1947:
1147:(1860–1915). By the middle of the 19th century the
1103:form) by an Ulster Scots writer was published in a
878:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
2711:The historical presence of Ulster-Scots in Ireland
2093:
2091:
1895:
1108:Scots writing from Scotland and Ulster. Among the
774:The majority of linguists treat Ulster Scots as a
547:Some definitions of Ulster Scots may also include
4573:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland
3093:; Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell; pp. 121–138.
2966:respelling of what tradition would likely render
2312:"Frequently Asked Questions | DCAL Internet"
1884:
1882:
1275:Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht
5657:
3305:Aw Ae Wey (Written Scots in Scotland and Ulster)
3122:. Stranmillis University College. Archived from
2747:
2745:
2743:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2306:
2304:
2236:Patterns in the Folk Speech of the British Isles
2104:
1890:Patterns in the Folk Speech of the British Isles
1011:, now replaced in Ulster by the more mainstream
927:Northern Ireland (St Andrews Agreement) Act 2006
660:
5419:Association football in the Republic of Ireland
3151:, Scottish Studies Review, Vol. 7/2, 2006. p.94
2368:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
2088:
1927:
1925:
1436:Shall camp, till wrists an' thumbs they strain,
1193:kailyard". He has produced a trilogy of novels
1156:Ballymena Observer and County Antrim Advertiser
804:Enthusiasts such as Philip Robinson (author of
3556:Indigenous, minority and lesser-used languages
3315:'Hover & Hear' Ulster Scots pronunciations
2479:
2392:, Cambridge University Press, 2007. pp. 85–120
2029:"An introduction to the Ulster-Scots Language"
1879:
1859:
1857:
520:, being almost exclusively spoken in parts of
4053:
3936:
3686:
3361:
2791:
2789:
2740:
2698:
2680:
2678:
2364:"Census 2021 main statistics language tables"
2301:
1817:
1815:
984:since the 15th century, but large numbers of
555:with words pronounced using the Ulster Scots
462:
363:The Scotch-Irish Dialect Boundaries in Ulster
3326:Public policy and Scots in Northern Ireland.
2390:Irish English: History and Present Day Forms
2330:
1960:, Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona, p. 121
1922:
1791:Literature in the other languages of Britain
1205:(2005), as well as story books for children
916:The agency has adopted a mission statement:
4182:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
2287:"NI Life and Times Survey – 1999: USPKULST"
1854:
1691:Find oot by gaun til the aerial-pruifer on
1376:
1364:
490:
67:
58:
49:
41:
5605:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland
4060:
4046:
3943:
3929:
3693:
3679:
3482:Policy and Resources Committee of Guernsey
3368:
3354:
3016:
2786:
2675:
2083:Ulster Dialects: an Introductory Symposium
1836:"Ulster-Scots – the Dialect of the Laggan"
1812:
1665:, i.e. dialect writing, as exemplified in
1497:Whiles sae gleesome, whiles doon-hearted—
595:' or 'the hamely tongue'. Since the 1980s
469:
455:
348:
3375:
3171:"Digital Television Information Brochure"
3106:, Belfast: Queen's University, pp. 48–59.
2265:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 4.
2191:Tymoczko, M. & Ireland, C. A. (2003)
1289:, while the agency has a major office in
1273:, funded by DCAL in conjunction with the
1158:for over a hundred years from the 1880s.
1066:between 1743 and 1793; and an edition of
948:
5424:Association football in Northern Ireland
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2688:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
1448:Before they taste the dear-bought cream—
1442:They bathe their weazen'd pelts in sweat
1321:
1231:
1080:
958:
758:
707:
4620:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland
3301:Aw Ae Oo (Scots in Scotland and Ulster)
3085:
3083:
2260:
1631:Lost Phoebus frae the clouds o' night,
1584:Tae think tae please a', it were vain,
1238:Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure
787:Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure
731:Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure
653:appears, whether for the vernacular or
538:Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure
14:
5658:
2004:
1639:Ance mair the Emerald Isle got light,
1451:But bide ye there, my pens an' papers,
4889:
4679:
4500:
4106:
4041:
3924:
3674:
3349:
3017:Mac Poilin, Aodan (9 February 1999).
3003:
2206:Accents of English: the British Isles
2195:, Univ of Massachusetts Press. p. 159
2141:Plural Identities—Singular Narratives
1874:Plural Identities—singular Narratives
1742:Männystèr o Fairms an Kintra Fordèrin
1725:"A dinnae see," said the Caterpillar.
1576:In aul' Belfast, that toun sae rare,
1568:Tae sing the day, tae sing the fair,
1439:While pithless, pantin' wi' the heat,
3609:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
3080:
1838:. Askaboutireland.ie. Archived from
1825:. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, p. 36
1592:Therefore, tae please mysel' alane,
1533:Whan we had sic slips and lauchin',
1427:Whar knuckles monie a risk maun run,
1317:
824:
754:
2232:The Scotch-Irish Dialect Boundaries
2208:, Cambridge University Press p. 449
1712:"Wha ir yae?" said the Caterpillar.
1525:Think o' yon day's gleefu' daffin'
1433:Whar sturdy boys wi' might and main
1173:. Among the significant writers is
933:to insert a section (28D) entitled
24:
4649:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland
4424:Economy of the Republic of Ireland
4222:Irish Free State (1922–1937)
4067:
3286:The Ulster-Scots Language Society.
3238:[Annual Report 2012-2013]
2403:Journal of Linguistic Anthropology
1471:This wee thing's o' little value,
1457:Yet, min', my lass— ye maun return
1454:For I maun up, an' to my scrapers—
1430:An' monie a trophy's lost an' won,
1421:Be hush'd my Muse, ye ken the morn
1346:as described in Grant and Dixon's
1227:
1207:Esther, Quaen o tha Ulidian Pechts
27:Scots as spoken in Ulster, Ireland
25:
5692:
4434:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn
3631:Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
3310:Listen to an Ulster Scots accent.
3264:
2947:is a slang term for water-closet.
2639:Language and Tradition in Ireland
1615:Ae Monday morn on Autumn's verge
1489:Think o' whan we met and parted,
1460:This very night we cut the churn.
1375:), redundant spellings (example:
1281:of 1998. Its headquarters are on
1003:, uses the typically Scots forms
1001:Paddy McQuillan's Trip Tae Glesco
283:, established as a result of the
5639:
4603:Tallest buildings and structures
3952:
3468:Government of the United Kingdom
3091:Language Structure and Variation
2686:The Edinburgh Companion to Scots
2672:Montgomery & Gregg 1997: 585
2654:Montgomery & Gregg 1997: 572
2617:"Home – Department of Taoiseach"
2405:; Volume 16, Issue 1, pp. 23–35.
1771:Dictionary of the Scots Language
1543:Dinna let your e'en be greetin'
1515:How yon simmer day, we wander't
1479:Guid eneuch to gar you, lassie,
1424:Begins the shearing o' the corn,
1236:A sign for the Northern Ireland
980:-speaking, had been settling in
829:
3702:Languages of the United Kingdom
3228:
3203:Alice's Carrànts in Wunnerlan'
3195:
3176:. Digital.co.uk. Archived from
3163:
3154:
3109:
3096:
3056:
3037:
2982:
2973:
2939:is simply an entrance or entry
2929:
2911:
2845:
2829:
2807:
2765:
2727:
2657:
2631:
2619:. Taoiseach.gov.ie. 19 May 2009
2609:
2593:
2569:
2547:
2525:
2506:. Dcalni.gov.uk. Archived from
2496:
2480:Conor Spackman (31 July 2008).
2473:
2426:
2408:
2395:
2382:
2356:
2314:. Dcalni.gov.uk. Archived from
2279:
2254:
2241:
2224:
2211:
2198:
2172:
2159:
2146:
2133:
2120:
2075:
2043:
2021:
1998:
1986:. Ulster-Scots Language Society
1976:
1786:Languages in the United Kingdom
1623:I took my seat beside a hedge,
1518:'Mang the fields o' Isle Magee.
1445:To gain a sprig o' fading fame,
1401:
820:
738:2021 census of Northern Ireland
331:(varieties: 52-ABA-aar to -aat)
4439:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis
3331:Ulster Scots voices (BBC site)
3296:Pronunciation of Ulster Scots.
2535:. Opsi.gov.uk. 5 December 2013
2180:A Sound Atlas of Irish English
1963:
1866:
1828:
1823:The English Dialect of Donegal
1678:Yer guide tae the cheenge-ower
1659:Yer guide tae the cheenge-ower
1564:(Robert Huddleston 1814–1889)
1482:When you read it, think o' me.
1211:Fergus an tha Stane o Destinie
1163:Random Rhymes frae Cullybackey
861:Ulster Scots is defined in an
528:. It is normally considered a
13:
1:
5671:Languages of Northern Ireland
4501:
3721:Recognised regional languages
3149:The Scots Tradition in Ulster
2992:, Dublin: Four Courts Press;
2988:Ferguson, Frank (ed.) (2008)
2755:. Dublin: Four Courts Press
2234:in Ulster in Wakelin, M. F.,
2156:, Ulster-Scots Academic Press
2115:Language in the British Isles
2085:, Cultura: Ulster Folk Museum
1806:
1776:History of the Scots language
1702:Alice's Carrànts in Wunnerlan
1667:Alice's Carrànts in Wunnerlan
1536:Spielin' daftly up Cave Hill.
1528:(Weel I wot ye mind it still)
955:History of the Scots language
703:Linguistic Survey of Scotland
661:Speaker population and spread
5504:Northern Ireland flags issue
4680:
4455:List of conflicts in Ireland
4199:Southern Ireland (1921–1922)
2886:). The Scots for leisure is
2775:, Dublin: Four Courts Press
2771:Ferguson, Frank (ed.) 2008,
2751:Ferguson, Frank, ed. (2008)
2340:. Uni-due.de. Archived from
1705:(Anne Morrison-Smyth, 2013)
1642:Wi' beauty, joy, an' grace;
1634:Ance mair did show his face—
1587:And for a country plain boy;
1571:That birkies ca' the lammas;
1551:Think upo' anither meetin',
1546:Lassie, whan ye think o' me,
1467:(Barney Maglone 1820?–1875)
1213:, and two volumes of poetry
750:Scots language § Status
7:
4890:
4475:Gaelic clothing and fashion
4107:
2737:. Belfast: Blackstaff Press
2249:A Concise Ulster Dictionary
2247:Caroline I. Macafee (ed.),
2182:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 156
1754:
1579:Fu' fain wad try't a gomas.
1510:Doon by Bangor and the sea;
1398:evaluated more positively.
1199:The Back Streets o the Claw
763:A bilingual street sign in
621:, but also an acronym for "
10:
5697:
3652:First Minister of Scotland
3503:Northern Ireland Executive
2459:"結婚式の準備・役立つ知っておきたいこと【まとめ】"
1507:Think o' when we dander't
952:
747:
583:While once referred to as
5635:
5534:
5472:
5409:
5349:
5262:
5210:
5165:
5132:
5077:
5042:
4992:
4911:
4902:
4898:
4885:
4820:
4723:
4692:
4688:
4675:
4585:
4513:
4509:
4496:
4447:
4235:
4119:
4115:
4102:
4078:
4014:
3986:
3965:
3887:
3854:
3797:
3720:
3708:
3601:Representatives of states
3600:
3526:
3459:
3392:
3383:
2817:. Ulsterscotslanguage.com
2733:Hewitt, John, ed. (1974)
2436:. Ulsterscotslanguage.com
1935:. Ulsterscotslanguage.com
1595:Thus I began my ain way,
1554:Aiblins by a lanward sea.
1500:In yon cosy neuk at e'en.
1492:And o' a' we felt atween—
1474:But for a' that it may be
1203:The Man frae the Ministry
931:Northern Ireland Act 1998
907:Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch
838:This section needs to be
743:
553:Scottish Standard English
347:
335:
323:
307:
295:
290:
271:
255:
250:
180:
113:
103:
93:
83:
39:
34:
3638:Chief Minister of Jersey
3236:"Hannlin Rede 2012–2013"
3043:The Scots form would be
2715:The Languages of Ireland
2461:. Ulsterscotsacademy.org
2261:Maguire, Warren (2020).
2143:. Berghahn Books. p. 107
1876:, Berghahn Books. p. 107
1821:Traynor, Michael (1953)
1684:Dae A need a new aerial?
1052:The Cherrie and the Slae
865:in the following terms:
578:
208:Northumbrian Old English
5596:Prostitution (Republic)
3659:First Minister of Wales
2416:"ulsterscotsagency.com"
2289:. Ark.ac.uk. 9 May 2003
2238:, London: Athlone Press
2167:Scottish Studies Review
1892:, London: Athlone Press
1618:To view a scene so gay,
1377:
1365:
697:. Writing in 2020, the
491:
68:
59:
50:
42:
4465:List of Irish kingdoms
3489:Isle of Man Government
3201:Carroll, Lewis. 2013.
2919:"University of Ulster"
2169:, Vol. 7, No. 2. p. 97
2139:Nic Craith, M. (2002)
2009:. Ulster-Scots Academy
1863:Traynor (1953), p. 244
1395:
1348:Manual of Modern Scots
1335:
1245:
1090:
970:
949:History and literature
887:
871:
771:
713:
501:
365:(1972) by R. J. Gregg.
5572:Mass media (Republic)
5516:National coat of arms
4404:IRA Northern Campaign
3475:Government of Ireland
3386:Good Friday Agreement
3377:British–Irish Council
3291:Ulster-Scots Academy.
3073:21 March 2012 at the
3066:spelling was usually
3050:21 March 2012 at the
2954:21 March 2012 at the
2904:13 March 2007 at the
2882:13 March 2007 at the
2868:13 March 2007 at the
2557:. Conventions.coe.int
2031:. Ulster-Scots Agency
2005:Montgomery, Michael.
1910:. Ulster-Scots Agency
1908:"Ulster-Scots Agency"
1872:Nic Craith M. (2002)
1626:To loiter by the way.
1387:
1326:A trilingual sign at
1325:
1310:The 2010 documentary
1283:Great Victoria Street
1235:
1084:
1048:Alexander Montgomerie
962:
895:Good Friday Agreement
882:
867:
762:
711:
542:Ulster-Scots language
285:Good Friday Agreement
280:Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch
18:Ulster Scots dialects
5666:Languages of Ireland
5494:County coats of arms
5386:List of Irish people
4460:List of Irish tribes
4310:Cromwellian conquest
4296:Plantation of Ulster
4227:Ireland (since 1922)
3959:Languages of Ireland
3496:Government of Jersey
3393:Member jurisdictions
3336:Ulster-Scots Online.
3281:BBC Robin's Readings
3160:Robert Arthur Wilson
2990:Ulster-Scots Writing
2773:Ulster-Scots Writing
2753:Ulster-Scots Writing
2589:on 25 December 2009.
2513:on 23 September 2015
2230:Gregg, R. J. (1972)
2221:, SUNY Press; p. 161
2204:Wells, J. C. (1982)
1781:Languages of Ireland
1302:University of Ulster
1219:Oul Licht, New Licht
1195:Wake the Tribe o Dan
1058:; nine printings of
943:St Andrews Agreement
725:(mainly the east of
689:and in the south of
512:, is the dialect of
213:Early Middle English
5609:in Northern Ireland
5600:in Northern Ireland
5341:Legendary creatures
5254:Traditional singing
5090:Saint Patrick's Day
4725:Republic of Ireland
4654:Tourist attractions
4639:ROI–UK border
4624:of Northern Ireland
4577:in Northern Ireland
4409:IRA Border Campaign
4384:War of Independence
4354:Second Great Famine
4339:Act of Union (1800)
4291:Flight of the Earls
4148:Lordship of Ireland
4083:Republic of Ireland
4022:Irish Sign Language
3888:Languages by region
3510:Scottish Government
3183:on 25 November 2012
2318:on 21 December 2010
2217:Winston, A. (1997)
2117:, Cambridge; p. 119
1766:Unionism in Ireland
1761:Ulster Scots people
1271:Ulster-Scots Agency
1064:The Gentle shepherd
903:Ulster-Scots Agency
810:Ulster-Scots Agency
723:Republic of Ireland
540:have used the term
534:Ulster-Scots Agency
516:spoken in parts of
257:Recognised minority
198:Proto-West Germanic
188:Proto-Indo-European
108:Ulster Scots people
5646:Ireland portal
4964:Skirts and kidneys
4470:List of High Kings
4389:Anglo-Irish Treaty
4329:First Great Famine
4314:Settlement of 1652
4286:Tyrone's Rebellion
4276:Desmond Rebellions
4165:Kingdom of Ireland
3987:Minority languages
3966:Official languages
3276:BBC A Kist o Wurds
3217:(1st edition 2011
2803:on 4 October 2013.
2604:legislation.gov.uk
2422:on 5 January 2009.
2370:. 7 September 2022
2344:on 5 February 2015
2178:Hickey, R. (2004)
2152:Fenton, J. (1995)
2130:, Cambridge, p. 13
2126:Harris, J. (1985)
2101:, Cambridge. p. 14
2097:Harris, J. (1985)
1973:, Cambridge, p. 15
1969:Harris, J. (1985)
1801:Mid-Ulster English
1647:Fu' nice that day.
1602:Tae sing that day.
1411:The Muse Dismissed
1336:
1328:Strule Arts Centre
1246:
1091:
1087:Robert Huddlestone
971:
880:reads as follows:
772:
714:
679:County Londonderry
140:North Sea Germanic
5653:
5652:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5038:
5037:
4929:Bacon and cabbage
4881:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4748:Foreign relations
4671:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4598:Notable buildings
4492:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4035:
4034:
3918:
3917:
3709:Official language
3668:
3667:
3563:Knowledge economy
3249:on 5 October 2015
3223:978-1-904808-80-0
3215:978-1-78201-011-1
2998:978-1-84682-074-8
2815:"Philip Robinson"
2781:978-1-84682-074-8
2761:978-1-84682-074-8
2063:on 3 October 2015
1693:Teletext page 284
1680:(digitaluk 2012)
1318:New orthographies
1312:The Hamely Tongue
1279:Belfast Agreement
1145:Archibald McIlroy
1056:Sir David Lindsay
968:Ballygally Castle
859:
858:
755:Linguistic status
667:Robert John Gregg
504:), also known as
479:
478:
370:
369:
277:The cross-border
273:Regulated by
16:(Redirected from
5688:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5321:Tuatha Dé Danann
4909:
4908:
4900:
4899:
4887:
4886:
4822:Northern Ireland
4800:
4790:
4780:
4690:
4689:
4677:
4676:
4511:
4510:
4498:
4497:
4374:Home Rule crisis
4204:Northern Ireland
4117:
4116:
4104:
4103:
4091:Northern Ireland
4062:
4055:
4048:
4039:
4038:
3957:
3956:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3922:
3921:
3900:Northern Ireland
3695:
3688:
3681:
3672:
3671:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3611:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3577:Social inclusion
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3519:
3517:Welsh Government
3512:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3436:Northern Ireland
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3271:BBC Ulster-Scots
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3241:
3232:
3226:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3175:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3152:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3129:on 26 March 2009
3128:
3121:
3113:
3107:
3100:
3094:
3087:
3078:
3060:
3054:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3014:
3001:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2971:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2921:. Archived from
2915:
2909:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2799:. Archived from
2793:
2784:
2769:
2763:
2749:
2738:
2731:
2725:
2709:Robinson (2003)
2707:
2696:
2682:
2673:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2646:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2613:
2607:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2582:. Archived from
2581:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2455:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2418:. Archived from
2412:
2406:
2399:
2393:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2258:
2252:
2245:
2239:
2228:
2222:
2215:
2209:
2202:
2196:
2189:
2183:
2176:
2170:
2163:
2157:
2150:
2144:
2137:
2131:
2124:
2118:
2111:
2102:
2095:
2086:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2062:
2055:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1980:
1974:
1967:
1961:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1904:
1893:
1886:
1877:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1832:
1826:
1819:
1663:Standard English
1380:
1368:
1352:Aodán Mac Póilin
1187:The Ghost Orchid
1143:(1844–1896) and
1132:(1780–1839) and
1076:Robert Tannahill
854:
851:
845:
833:
832:
825:
784:Northern Ireland
718:Northern Ireland
655:the ethnic group
617:, the Scots for
549:Standard English
522:Northern Ireland
494:
471:
464:
457:
372:
371:
360:
352:
343:
319:
300:
265:Northern Ireland
259:language in
119:
71:
62:
53:
45:
32:
31:
21:
5696:
5695:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5649:
5640:
5638:
5623:
5591:outside Ireland
5562:Historic houses
5530:
5511:Irish Wolfhound
5482:Brighid's Cross
5468:
5439:Gaelic handball
5434:Gaelic football
5405:
5376:Hiberno-Normans
5345:
5258:
5206:
5161:
5142:Hiberno-English
5128:
5073:
5034:
4988:
4894:
4873:
4816:
4798:
4788:
4778:
4719:
4710:Ulster loyalism
4684:
4663:
4581:
4505:
4484:
4443:
4369:Dublin lock-out
4305:Confederate War
4256:Norman invasion
4243:Battles of Tara
4231:
4187:1801–1923
4175:1691–1800
4170:1536–1691
4158:1169–1536
4111:
4098:
4074:
4066:
4036:
4031:
4010:
3982:
3961:
3951:
3949:
3919:
3914:
3883:
3850:
3810:Beurla Reagaird
3798:Other languages
3793:
3784:Scottish Gaelic
3716:
3704:
3699:
3669:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3614:
3607:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3570:Misuse of drugs
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3388:
3379:
3374:
3267:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3101:
3097:
3088:
3081:
3075:Wayback Machine
3061:
3057:
3052:Wayback Machine
3042:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3015:
3004:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2956:Wayback Machine
2934:
2930:
2925:on 24 May 2011.
2917:
2916:
2912:
2906:Wayback Machine
2884:Wayback Machine
2870:Wayback Machine
2850:
2846:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2770:
2766:
2750:
2741:
2735:Rhyming Weavers
2732:
2728:
2708:
2699:
2683:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2598:
2594:
2586:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2400:
2396:
2388:Raymond Hickey
2387:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2345:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2319:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2259:
2255:
2246:
2242:
2229:
2225:
2216:
2212:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2186:
2177:
2173:
2164:
2160:
2151:
2147:
2138:
2134:
2125:
2121:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2089:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1968:
1964:
1955:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1933:"Anent Oorsels"
1931:
1930:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1880:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1757:
1562:The Lammas Fair
1404:
1320:
1240:. It shows the
1230:
1228:Since the 1990s
1215:Alang the Shore
1183:Michael Longley
1150:Kailyard school
1134:Andrew McKenzie
1110:rhyming weavers
1040:Queen Elizabeth
957:
951:
855:
849:
846:
843:
834:
830:
823:
757:
752:
746:
663:
581:
563:, particularly
561:Hiberno-English
475:
366:
358:
341:
330:
315:
296:
267:
260:
258:
251:Official status
246:
183:
176:
120:
117:Language family
115:
75:
65:
55:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5694:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5676:Scots dialects
5673:
5668:
5651:
5650:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5602:
5593:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5557:Heritage Sites
5554:
5549:
5544:
5538:
5536:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5496:
5491:
5484:
5478:
5476:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5381:Irish diaspora
5378:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5369:Gaelic Ireland
5361:
5355:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5268:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5229:
5222:
5216:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5121:
5112:
5110:Rose of Tralee
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5054:
5048:
5046:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4919:List of dishes
4915:
4913:
4906:
4896:
4895:
4883:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4835:D'Hondt method
4826:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4796:Seanad Éireann
4792:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4696:
4694:
4686:
4685:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4536:Extreme points
4533:
4528:
4526:Climate change
4523:
4517:
4515:
4507:
4506:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4344:1803 Rebellion
4341:
4336:
4334:1798 Rebellion
4331:
4326:
4321:
4319:Williamite War
4316:
4307:
4301:1641 Rebellion
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4281:Spanish Armada
4278:
4273:
4271:Tudor conquest
4268:
4263:
4261:Bruce campaign
4258:
4253:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4207:
4206:(1921–present)
4201:
4196:
4194:Irish Republic
4191:
4190:
4189:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4153:800–1169
4144:Gaelic Ireland
4141:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4113:
4112:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4088:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4065:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4042:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4018:
4016:
4015:Sign languages
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3948:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3925:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3874:
3872:Northern Irish
3869:
3864:
3858:
3856:
3855:Sign languages
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3819:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3698:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3675:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3401:United Kingdom
3396:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3307:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3266:
3265:External links
3263:
3261:
3260:
3227:
3194:
3162:
3153:
3140:
3108:
3095:
3079:
3055:
3036:
3002:
2981:
2972:
2928:
2910:
2844:
2828:
2806:
2785:
2764:
2739:
2726:
2697:
2674:
2665:
2663:Adams 1977: 57
2656:
2647:
2643:Maria Tymoczko
2630:
2608:
2592:
2568:
2546:
2524:
2495:
2472:
2447:
2425:
2407:
2394:
2381:
2355:
2338:"Ulster Scots"
2329:
2300:
2278:
2271:
2253:
2240:
2223:
2210:
2197:
2184:
2171:
2158:
2145:
2132:
2119:
2103:
2087:
2074:
2042:
2020:
1997:
1975:
1962:
1946:
1921:
1894:
1878:
1865:
1853:
1827:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1756:
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1621:
1620:
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1612:
1611:
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1607:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1513:
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1511:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1403:
1400:
1372:vacuum cleaner
1356:Irish language
1319:
1316:
1295:County Donegal
1267:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1229:
1226:
1126:David Herbison
1114:James Campbell
1096:rhyming weaver
950:
947:
857:
856:
837:
835:
828:
822:
819:
780:Scots language
756:
753:
748:Main article:
745:
742:
727:County Donegal
662:
659:
651:Habitual-Scots
580:
577:
565:Ulster English
526:County Donegal
502:Albainis Uladh
477:
476:
474:
473:
466:
459:
451:
448:
447:
446:
445:
440:
435:
433:Southern Scots
430:
425:
423:Northern Scots
420:
412:
411:
407:
406:
405:
404:
399:
394:
386:
385:
379:
378:
376:Scots language
368:
367:
353:
345:
344:
339:
333:
332:
327:
321:
320:
313:
305:
304:
301:
293:
292:
291:Language codes
288:
287:
275:
269:
268:
263:
261:
256:
253:
252:
248:
247:
245:
244:
243:
242:
241:
240:
239:
238:
237:
236:
235:
234:
233:
232:
231:
230:
193:Proto-Germanic
186:
184:
181:
178:
177:
175:
174:
173:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
123:
121:
114:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
84:Native to
81:
80:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5693:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5648:
5647:
5634:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5614:Public houses
5612:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4888:
4884:
4870:
4869:Peace process
4867:
4865:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4799:(upper house)
4797:
4793:
4791:
4789:(lower house)
4787:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4705:Republicanism
4703:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4678:
4674:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4499:
4495:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4419:Peace process
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4399:The Emergency
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4379:Easter Rising
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4364:Fenian Rising
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4139:Early history
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4063:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4049:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3946:
3941:
3939:
3934:
3932:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:Scottish Cant
3839:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3691:
3689:
3684:
3682:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:Member bodies
3458:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3371:
3366:
3364:
3359:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3245:
3237:
3231:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3179:
3172:
3166:
3157:
3150:
3147:Falconer, G.
3144:
3125:
3118:
3112:
3105:
3099:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3040:
3024:
3023:A State Apart
3020:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2976:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2816:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2723:1-85182-698-X
2720:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2695:
2694:0-7486-1596-2
2691:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2618:
2612:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2585:
2578:
2572:
2556:
2550:
2534:
2528:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2483:
2476:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2435:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2404:
2398:
2391:
2385:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2305:
2288:
2282:
2274:
2272:9781474452908
2268:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2244:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2220:
2214:
2207:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2181:
2175:
2168:
2162:
2155:
2149:
2142:
2136:
2129:
2123:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2084:
2078:
2059:
2052:
2046:
2030:
2024:
2008:
2001:
1985:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1875:
1869:
1860:
1858:
1842:on 5 May 2020
1841:
1837:
1831:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1796:W.F. Marshall
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1735:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1136:(1780–1839).
1135:
1131:
1128:(1800–1880),
1127:
1124:(1749–1847),
1123:
1120:(1770–1816),
1119:
1116:(1758–1818),
1115:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1101:Habbie stanza
1098:
1097:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
969:
965:
961:
956:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
920:
914:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
886:
881:
879:
874:
870:
866:
864:
853:
850:December 2022
841:
836:
827:
826:
818:
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
785:
781:
777:
770:
766:
761:
751:
741:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
719:
710:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
677:, north-east
676:
672:
668:
658:
656:
652:
648:
647:Ulstèr-Scotch
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
615:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
506:Ulster Scotch
503:
499:
495:
493:
492:Ulstèr-Scotch
487:
483:
472:
467:
465:
460:
458:
453:
452:
450:
449:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
428:Central Scots
426:
424:
421:
419:
418:Insular Scots
416:
415:
414:
413:
409:
408:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
389:
388:
387:
384:
381:
380:
377:
374:
373:
364:
357:
351:
346:
340:
338:
334:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
312:
311:
306:
302:
299:
294:
289:
286:
282:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
254:
249:
229:
226:
225:
224:
221:
220:
219:
216:
215:
214:
211:
210:
209:
206:
205:
204:
203:Proto-English
201:
200:
199:
196:
195:
194:
191:
190:
189:
185:
179:
161:
158:
157:
156:
153:
152:
151:
148:
147:
146:
145:Anglo-Frisian
143:
142:
141:
138:
137:
136:
135:West Germanic
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
126:
125:Indo-European
122:
118:
112:
109:
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
78:
72:
70:
63:
61:
54:
52:
46:
44:
43:Ulstèr-Scotch
38:
33:
30:
19:
5681:Ulster Scots
5637:
5607: /
5598: /
5589: /
5567:Homelessness
5486:
5454:Road bowling
5449:Martial arts
5396:Ulster Scots
5333:
5326:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5277:Mythological
5224:
5184:
5157:Ulster Scots
5156:
5117: /
5056:
4984:Three-in-One
4795:
4786:Dáil Éireann
4785:
4775:
4733:Constitution
4622: /
4593:Architecture
4575: /
4448:Other topics
4429:Celtic Tiger
4414:The Troubles
4312: /
4303: /
4249: /
4245: /
4146: /
4134:Protohistory
3999:Ulster Scots
3998:
3876:
3833:
3826:
3814:
3777:Ulster Scots
3776:
3747:
3618:(of Ireland)
3251:. Retrieved
3244:the original
3230:
3202:
3197:
3185:. Retrieved
3178:the original
3165:
3156:
3148:
3143:
3131:. Retrieved
3124:the original
3111:
3103:
3098:
3090:
3058:
3039:
3027:. Retrieved
3022:
2989:
2984:
2975:
2967:
2959:
2949:SND: Cludgie
2944:
2936:
2931:
2923:the original
2913:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2873:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2841:. Bible.com.
2837:
2831:
2819:. Retrieved
2809:
2801:the original
2797:"abdn.ac.uk"
2772:
2767:
2752:
2734:
2729:
2714:
2710:
2685:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2638:
2633:
2621:. Retrieved
2611:
2595:
2584:the original
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2549:
2537:. Retrieved
2527:
2515:. Retrieved
2508:the original
2498:
2486:. Retrieved
2475:
2463:. Retrieved
2438:. Retrieved
2428:
2420:the original
2410:
2402:
2397:
2389:
2384:
2372:. Retrieved
2367:
2358:
2346:. Retrieved
2342:the original
2332:
2320:. Retrieved
2316:the original
2291:. Retrieved
2281:
2262:
2256:
2248:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2218:
2213:
2205:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2166:
2161:
2153:
2148:
2140:
2135:
2127:
2122:
2114:
2098:
2082:
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2058:the original
2045:
2033:. Retrieved
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
2000:
1988:. Retrieved
1978:
1970:
1965:
1957:
1937:. Retrieved
1912:. Retrieved
1889:
1873:
1868:
1844:. Retrieved
1840:the original
1830:
1822:
1741:
1736:
1734:Hannlin Rede
1733:
1731:
1700:
1698:
1692:
1677:
1675:
1671:Hannlin Rede
1670:
1666:
1658:
1656:
1561:
1559:
1464:
1463:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1402:Sample texts
1396:
1391:wor ain leid
1390:
1388:
1382:
1370:
1366:stour-sucker
1347:
1337:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1299:
1268:
1251:
1247:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1175:James Fenton
1167:Modern Scots
1162:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1141:W. G. Lyttle
1138:
1122:Thomas Beggs
1109:
1094:
1092:
1068:Robert Burns
1063:
1060:Allan Ramsay
1051:
1045:
1037:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1004:
1000:
998:
972:
964:Middle Scots
934:
929:amended the
924:
917:
915:
911:
906:
898:
892:
888:
883:
875:
872:
868:
862:
860:
847:
839:
821:Legal status
805:
803:
773:
765:Ballyhalbert
735:
715:
664:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:lster-Scots
622:
618:
612:
608:
596:
589:Ulster Scots
588:
585:Scotch-Irish
584:
582:
569:Ulster Irish
546:
541:
509:
505:
489:
486:Ulster-Scots
485:
482:Ulster Scots
481:
480:
438:Ulster Scots
437:
402:Modern Scots
397:Middle Scots
362:
325:Linguasphere
308:
278:
228:Modern Scots
223:Middle Scots
160:Ulster Scots
159:
74:
66:
57:
48:
40:
35:Ulster Scots
29:
5587:Place names
5464:Rugby union
5359:Anglo-Irish
5244:Instruments
5100:The Twelfth
5064:Set dancing
4864:LGBT rights
4770:LGBT rights
4700:Nationalism
4266:Black Death
3878:Old Kentish
3805:Angloromani
3755:Guernésiais
3549:Environment
3422:Isle of Man
3064:Older Scots
2941:SND: Ingang
1417:1780–1839)
1415:Hugh Porter
1344:orthography
1285:in central
1217:(2005) and
1201:(2000) and
1191:post-modern
1179:eye dialect
1130:Hugh Porter
769:County Down
683:Finn Valley
645:peech" and
629:anguage in
605:Ian Adamson
536:and former
443:Doric Scots
392:Early Scots
361:. Based on
218:Early Scots
182:Early forms
5660:Categories
5488:Cláirseach
5391:Travellers
5249:Rock music
5232:Folk music
5167:Literature
4969:Soda bread
4852:Government
4779:parliament
4776:Oireachtas
4753:Government
4693:Ideologies
4324:Penal Laws
4215:since 1922
4129:Prehistory
3765:Sercquiais
3535:Demography
3527:Work areas
2484:. BBC News
2434:"Language"
2374:21 October
1984:"Language"
1807:References
1363:(example:
1361:neologisms
1340:revivalist
1105:broadsheet
1085:Poetry by
1072:James Hogg
994:Plantation
990:Lowlanders
988:-speaking
953:See also:
939:inter alia
633:iterature
607:, merging
342:sco-ulster
5619:Squatting
5335:Fomorians
5264:Mythology
5134:Languages
5119:Halloween
5095:Bealtaine
5078:Festivals
5069:Stepdance
4974:Spice Bag
4959:Irish fry
4949:Colcannon
4924:Barmbrack
4847:Education
4805:President
4743:Education
4659:Transport
4634:Provinces
4556:Mountains
4531:Coastline
4503:Geography
4394:Civil War
4349:Tithe War
3749:Auregnais
3616:Taoiseach
3591:Transport
2960:Warkschap
2888:leisur(e)
2877:dsl.ac.uk
2863:dsl.ac.uk
2856:neologism
2852:Fowkgates
1737:2012–2013
1171:idiolects
1118:James Orr
976:, mainly
791:linguists
693:in north
691:Inishowen
601:neologism
573:varieties
567:, and by
356:turquoise
329:52-ABA-aa
310:Glottolog
298:ISO 639-3
104:Ethnicity
5577:Monastic
5542:Calendar
5526:Shamrock
5521:Red Hand
5459:Rounders
5124:Wren Day
5058:Sean-nós
5010:Guinness
4954:Drisheen
4830:Assembly
4812:Taxation
4715:Unionism
4682:Politics
4615:Counties
4359:Land War
4251:Clontarf
4247:Glenmama
4121:Timeline
3905:Scotland
3895:Cornwall
3760:Jèrriais
3443:Scotland
3415:Guernsey
3253:17 April
3207:Evertype
3187:17 April
3133:17 April
3071:Archived
3048:Archived
3029:17 April
3025:. BBC NI
3000:; p. 376
2968:warkshap
2964:esoteric
2952:Archived
2902:Archived
2880:Archived
2866:Archived
2821:17 April
2623:17 April
2561:17 April
2539:17 April
2517:17 April
2488:17 April
2465:17 April
2440:17 April
2348:17 April
2322:17 April
2293:17 April
1939:17 April
1914:17 April
1846:17 April
1755:See also
1745:, 2012)
1350:(1921).
1221:(2009).
1197:(1998),
885:Charter.
685:in east
673:, north
619:Lowlands
557:phonemes
410:Dialects
317:ulst1239
130:Germanic
5547:Castles
5474:Symbols
5444:Hurling
5429:Camogie
5328:Firbolg
5314:Immrama
5307:Echtrai
5237:session
5220:Ballads
5197:Theatre
5186:Gaeilge
5180:Fiction
5115:Samhain
5030:Whiskey
4904:Cuisine
4892:Culture
4842:Economy
4738:Economy
4546:Islands
4521:Climate
4514:Natural
4109:History
4069:Ireland
3978:English
3862:British
3835:Pictish
3822:Llanito
3816:Cumbric
3728:Cornish
3714:English
3584:Tourism
3542:eHealth
3408:Ireland
2945:Cludgie
2897:easedom
2892:aisedom
2783:; p. 21
1465:To M.H.
1287:Belfast
1033:contact
919:people.
840:updated
799:English
795:dialect
778:of the
776:variety
736:In the
699:Fintona
695:Donegal
687:Donegal
614:Lallans
530:dialect
383:History
88:Ireland
5552:Cinema
5351:People
5300:Aos Sí
5287:Ulster
5282:Fenian
5272:Cycles
5202:Triads
5192:Poetry
5175:Annals
5152:Shelta
5105:Lúnasa
5085:Imbolc
5020:Poitín
5000:Coffee
4993:Drinks
4944:Coddle
4610:Cities
4561:Rivers
4551:Loughs
4236:Events
4094:topics
4086:topics
4072:topics
4006:Shelta
3846:Shelta
3743:Norman
3429:Jersey
3221:
3213:
3045:souker
2996:
2937:ingang
2874:pictur
2860:cultur
2779:
2759:
2721:
2692:
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2067:17 May
2035:12 May
2013:12 May
1990:12 May
1716:thin."
1291:Raphoe
1025:knawed
1021:knowed
1015:forms
1013:Anglic
1009:begood
982:Ulster
978:Gaelic
937:which
744:Status
671:Antrim
641:ative
609:Ulster
597:Ullans
593:Scotch
518:Ulster
510:Ullans
150:Anglic
98:Ulster
94:Region
77:Scotch
51:Ullans
5582:Names
5535:Other
5499:Flags
5411:Sport
5364:Gaels
5292:Kings
5226:Céilí
5212:Music
5147:Irish
5044:Dance
5005:Cream
4939:Champ
4934:Boxty
4857:local
4758:local
4644:Towns
4629:Ports
4586:Human
4541:Fauna
3994:Scots
3973:Irish
3910:Wales
3867:Irish
3789:Welsh
3772:Scots
3733:Irish
3450:Wales
3247:(PDF)
3240:(PDF)
3181:(PDF)
3174:(PDF)
3127:(PDF)
3120:(PDF)
2872:(Cf.
2854:is a
2713:, in
2587:(PDF)
2580:(PDF)
2577:"PDF"
2511:(Doc)
2061:(PDF)
2054:(PDF)
1732:From
1699:From
1676:From
1560:From
1354:, an
1332:Omagh
1242:Irish
1112:were
1029:begun
986:Scots
974:Scots
579:Names
514:Scots
498:Irish
155:Scots
69:Scots
60:Braid
5401:Yola
5015:Mist
4979:Stew
4912:Food
4566:list
4026:Lámh
3828:Norn
3738:Manx
3303:and
3255:2015
3219:ISBN
3211:ISBN
3189:2015
3135:2015
3068:quha
3062:The
3031:2015
2994:ISBN
2838:Luik
2823:2015
2777:ISBN
2757:ISBN
2719:ISBN
2690:ISBN
2625:2015
2563:2015
2541:2015
2519:2015
2490:2015
2467:2015
2442:2015
2376:2022
2350:2015
2324:2015
2295:2015
2267:ISBN
2069:2017
2037:2017
2015:2017
1992:2017
1941:2015
1916:2015
1848:2015
1381:for
1378:qoho
1369:for
1269:The
1209:and
1074:and
1027:and
1017:knew
1007:and
1005:kent
925:The
893:The
812:, a
675:Down
611:and
599:, a
524:and
508:and
337:IETF
5052:Jig
5025:Tea
4765:Law
2962:an
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