2078:
1616:
1984:
2000:
1586:
1596:
1606:
1576:
2035:
1019:
1005:
1869:
5363:
4859:
4379:
1670:
2063:
1566:
627:
2015:
1853:
1889:
1646:
664:
4869:
1658:
5373:
547:
2104:
590:
4389:
1682:
1923:
811:
2118:
695:
5667:
5316:
4812:
1968:
4327:
893:
1713:
1701:
1841:
1626:
22:
1801:) foreign intelligence agency can spy on anyone but Germans. That's how a matrix is created of boundless surveillance in which each partner aids in a division of roles. They exchanged information. And they worked together extensively. That applies to the British and the Americans, but also to the BND, which assists the NSA in its Internet surveillance.
3478:
The system was established under a secret 1947 "UKUSA Agreement," which brought together the
British and American systems, personnel and stations. To this was soon joined the networks of three British commonwealth countries, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Later, other countries including Norway,
2609:
The files contain details of the recently avowed UKUSA Agreement â the top secret, post-war arrangement for sharing intelligence between the United States and the UK. Signed by representatives of the London
Signals Intelligence Board and its American counterpart in March 1946, the UKUSA Agreement is
150:
until 1973, and it was not disclosed to the public until 2005. On 25 June 2010, for the first time in history, the full text of the agreement was publicly released by the United
Kingdom and the United States, and can now be viewed online. Shortly after its release, the seven-page UKUSA Agreement was
2473:
The military's fears were well-founded, given
Delisle had access to terabytes of some of the Western world's most closely guarded secrets. He operated a computer system called Stone Ghost, which links the intelligence services of the Five Eyes: the United States, Britain, Canada, Australia and New
3224:
In 1977, the then Prime
Minister, Robert Muldoon, approved the formation of the GCSB, but its functions and activities were kept secret. In 1980 it was decided that the existence of the GCSB could be disclosed on a limited basis, leading to the first briefings of the Cabinet and the Leader of the
970:
Unlike the "second party" members (that is, the Five Eyes themselves), "third party" partners are not automatically exempt from intelligence targeting. According to an internal NSA document leaked by
Snowden, "We (the NSA) can, and often do, target the signals of most 3rd party foreign partners."
1762:
Internet spying scandal, the surveillance agencies of the "Five Eyes" have been accused of intentionally spying on one another's citizens and willingly sharing the collected information with each other, allegedly circumventing laws preventing each agency from spying on its own citizens.
986:
Germany is reportedly interested in moving closer to the inner circle: an internal GCHQ document from 2009 said that the "Germans were a little grumpy at not being invited to join the 9-Eyes group." Germany may even wish to join Five Eyes. Referring to Five Eyes, former French
President
981:
The "Fourteen Eyes", consisting of the same countries as the Nine Eyes plus
Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. The actual name of this group is SIGINT Seniors Europe (SSEUR) and its purpose is coordinating the exchange of military signals intelligence among its
991:
has said that his country is "not within that framework and we don't intend to join." According to a former top US official, "Germany joining would be a possibility, but not France â France itself spies on the US far too aggressively for that."
3547:
The NSA classifies about 30 other countries as "3rd parties," with whom it cooperates, though with reservations. Germany is one of them. "We can, and often do, target the signals of most 3rd party foreign partners," the secret NSA document
4825:
5329:
120:, before being officially enacted on 5 March 1946 by the United Kingdom and the United States. In the following years, it was extended to encompass Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Other countries, known as "third parties", such as
4345:
249:
for the US StateâArmyâNavy
Communication Intelligence Board. Although the original agreement states that the exchange would not be "prejudicial to national interests", the United States often blocked information sharing from
440:
The existence of the UKUSA Agreement, however, was not publicly revealed until 2005. The contents of the agreement were officially disclosed to the public on 25 June 2010. Four days later, the agreement was described by
3190:
But
Justice Hope also investigated the Joint Intelligence Organisation (JIO), the Defence Signals Division (DSD) and the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS) whose existence was not officially confirmed until
2077:
5162:
2393:
4855:
2500:
3641:
735:
Although precise assignments are classified, it is generally known that each member of the UKUSA alliance takes lead responsibility for intelligence collection and analysis in different parts of the globe.
5359:
5033:
4414:
4678:
2679:
A partnership with various telecommunications industries has secured access to the internet for the UKUSA signals agencies. All traffic on the internet and via emails is reportedly captured and stored.
489:, Australia operates clandestine surveillance facilities at its embassies "without the knowledge of most Australian diplomats". These facilities are part of an international espionage program known as
4429:
4419:
4404:
4375:
3665:
2034:
1868:
1817:) for outsourcing its surveillance of Canadians to overseas partner agencies. A 51-page ruling says that the CSIS and other Canadian federal agencies are illegally enlisting US and British allies in
139:
network, which has been claimed to contain "some of the Western world's most closely guarded secrets". Besides laying down rules for intelligence sharing, the agreement formalized and cemented the "
5157:
3534:
288:
The treaty was extended to include Canada (1948), Australia (1956) and New Zealand (1956). In 1955, the agreement was updated to designate Canada, Australia and New Zealand as "UKUSA-collaborating
5142:
3021:
3501:
2014:
1999:
5137:
762:
alliance comprising Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. These countries are bound by the multilateral UKUSA Agreement, a treaty for joint cooperation in
2429:
3838:
3805:
3617:
2633:
3373:
1323:
1983:
4092:
5475:
4847:
4666:
3713:
5351:
2460:
132:, also joined the UKUSA community in associate capacities, although they are not part of the mechanism for automatic sharing of intelligence that exists between the Five Eyes.
5449:
4899:
4889:
4367:
3772:
2836:
1766:
The 2013 NSA leaks are not entirely new, but rather, they are a confirmation of earlier disclosures about the UK-US espionage alliance. For example, the British newspaper
2383:
1503:
5497:
5122:
3340:
1369:
2797:
3738:
2490:
2195:
437:
In 1999, the Australian government acknowledged that it "does co-operate with counterpart signals intelligence organisations overseas under the UKUSA relationship."
3688:
1705:
3638:
1888:
3560:
3308:
3113:
2925:
2666:
1288:
5050:
4424:
4409:
1493:
5403:
5393:
5106:
3662:
4840:
3424:
2757:
2142:
3593:
3524:
5344:
1797:
Britain's GCHQ intelligence agency can spy on anyone but British nationals, the NSA can conduct surveillance on anyone but Americans, and Germany's BND (
3011:
343:, the use and control of Pine Gap by the CIA was strongly opposed by Whitlam, who fired the chief of the ASIO before being dismissed as prime minister.
105:. In classification markings this is abbreviated as FVEY, with the individual countries being abbreviated as AUS, CAN, NZL, GBR, and USA, respectively.
5810:
5775:
5710:
4133:
3491:
2332:
1470:
3144:
5815:
5765:
4915:
4360:
3252:
1852:
3284:
1615:
5770:
5439:
5408:
5177:
2523:
2088:
709:
3828:
3614:
2623:
2421:
5730:
5725:
5616:
5319:
4833:
4128:
3795:
3479:
Denmark, Germany and Turkey signed secret sigint agreements with the United States and became "third parties" participants in the UKUSA network.
3363:
2938:
Its existence was allegedly so secret that prime ministers were unaware of the agreement until 1973 â the same year the Commonwealth raided ASIO
2566:
245:. The document was signed on 5 March 1946 by Colonel Patrick Marr-Johnson for the UK's London Signals Intelligence Board and Lieutenant General
5735:
5670:
5337:
2804:
5454:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4240:
3923:
2869:
1990:
647:
313:
5820:
5750:
5740:
5172:
4815:
4353:
4138:
3889:
2610:
without parallel in the Western intelligence world and formed the basis for co-operation between the two countries throughout the Cold War.
2069:
2041:
1650:
537:
368:
3080:
5755:
4099:
3710:
3169:
1422:
2264:
948:
In the 1950s several Nordic countries joined the community as "third party" participants. They were soon followed by Denmark (1954) and
4625:
2084:
1745:
1465:
1595:
5760:
5560:
5444:
4599:
4245:
3207:
2452:
2178:
1686:
715:
703:
430:
5418:
5096:
4749:
4690:
4654:
3762:
2826:
5800:
5745:
4957:
4945:
3395:
1518:
1351:
1341:
900:(NSA) and the so-called "second parties", which comprises the UKUSA community, and the "third parties" made up of members of the
511:. The following table provides an overview of the government agencies involved and their respective responsibilities within the "
2062:
1585:
5830:
5825:
5805:
5720:
5715:
5398:
5388:
5273:
5045:
4863:
4568:
4043:
2592:
2136:
1967:
1810:
1662:
1513:
684:
653:
555:
416:
402:
234:
1605:
1575:
507:
system, processed intelligence is reliant on multiple sources of information and the intelligence shared is not restricted to
463:, it emerged that the NSA is paying GCHQ for its services, with at least ÂŁ100 million of payments made between 2010 and 2013.
5413:
5367:
4502:
4000:
3931:
3332:
1303:
1298:
672:
340:
3044:
5626:
5575:
4884:
4563:
4235:
3735:
3203:
2808:
2216:
678:
3465:
2988:
5236:
4786:
4383:
3685:
2921:
1958:
1589:
1498:
1162:
4791:
5595:
5195:
5187:
5023:
4526:
4260:
4067:
3568:
2596:
1784:
901:
473:
460:
3305:
3103:
5700:
5081:
4894:
4754:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4481:
4281:
3981:
3951:
2963:
2917:
2900:
2656:
2456:
2306:
2205:
641:
69:
959:, the NSA has a "massive body" called the Foreign Affairs Directorate that is responsible for partnering with other
5795:
5621:
5565:
5231:
4609:
1384:
1191:
491:
195:
The parties agree to the exchange of the products of the following operations relating to foreign communications:-
3157:
GCHQ's cover was first blown in 1976 by an article, The Eavesdroppers, published by the London magazine, Time Out.
1565:
5590:
5512:
5253:
5018:
4796:
4537:
4450:
2747:
1619:
1599:
1265:
1081:
921:âSignals intelligence is funnelled to the NSA in exchange for surveillance technology and monetary compensation.
610:
4024:
Whitaker, Reginald. "Cold War Alchemy: How America, Britain, and Canada Transformed Espionage into Subversion",
3958:
3590:
3434:
5780:
5147:
4744:
4532:
4286:
4123:
4063:
4057:
3877:
3173:
2298:
1974:
1783:
The mutual surveillance and sharing of information between allies of the UK and US resurfaced again during the
1738:
1674:
1167:
1059:
635:
282:
165:
5507:
5263:
4781:
2163:
1346:
1201:
363:
3136:
2355:
2322:
5653:
4704:
4230:
3242:
1629:
1196:
221:
5785:
5215:
5091:
4709:
3274:
2190:
1609:
1579:
1318:
1157:
616:
604:
577:
420:
333:
147:
1840:
5241:
5040:
4719:
4636:
4185:
4085:
2955:
1120:
214:
Acquisition of information regarding communications organizations, procedures, practices and equipment.
4017:
Rudner, Martin. "Canada's Communications Security Establishment: From the Cold War to Globalization",
1934:
798:. Canada continues to monitor the Russian and Chinese interior while managing intelligence assets in
5517:
5028:
4573:
3368:
2556:
2388:
1731:
485:
5790:
5152:
5076:
5071:
5066:
4952:
4255:
4225:
4052:
2661:
2268:
1773:
1569:
1009:
897:
598:
567:
386:
238:
4048:
2859:
5543:
5132:
4925:
4486:
3908:
Inside Canadian Intelligence: Exposing the New Realities of Espionage and International Terrorism
2173:
2021:
1798:
1717:
1404:
759:
289:
251:
3072:
1625:
5301:
5248:
4920:
4648:
4460:
3429:
3279:
2918:"Explained: Australia's involvement with the NSA, the US spy agency at heart of global scandal"
2083:
Summary of a meeting held in February 2013 between the NSA and the Dutch intelligence services
1780:, thus allowing British agents to evade restrictive limitations on domestic telephone tapping.
1508:
978:
The "Nine Eyes", consisting of the Five Eyes plus Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and Norway.
261:" term has its origins as a shorthand for a "AUS/CAN/NZ/UK/US EYES ONLY" classification level.
229:
The agreement originated from a ten-page 1943 BritishâUS Communication Intelligence Agreement,
3177:
25:
The UKUSA Community: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States
5294:
5278:
4604:
4465:
4011:
2272:
1313:
835:
1018:
1004:
5690:
5631:
5492:
5258:
4769:
4759:
3920:
Cyber warfare and cyber terrorism, Premier Reference Series, Gale virtual reference library
2200:
2109:
2049:
1536:
1427:
937:
members, other European countries such as Sweden, and allies in the Pacific, in particular
930:
914:
763:
561:
529:
524:
508:
382:
230:
140:
117:
78:
988:
8:
5570:
5205:
4630:
3649:
2495:
2295:
Privacy and Human Rights 2002: An International Survey of Privacy Rights and Developments
1818:
1293:
1253:
1142:
1076:
1071:
1023:
730:
397:
316:(ASIO), the existence of the UKUSA Agreement was revealed to Australia's Prime Minister
5695:
5641:
5580:
5470:
5200:
5101:
4714:
3833:
3625:
3016:
2628:
1374:
974:
The Five Eyes are cooperating with various 3rd Party countries in at least two groups:
329:
3399:
254:
countries. The full text of the agreement was released to the public on 25 June 2010.
5646:
4683:
4326:
4108:
3996:
3977:
3947:
3927:
3873:
3869:
2959:
2896:
2302:
309:
3793:
814:
The Waihopai Valley Facility â base of the New Zealand branch of the ECHELON Program
4642:
4008:
The Communications Security Establishment: Canada's Most Secret Intelligence Agency
3973:
3900:
1399:
1389:
1152:
1147:
1054:
887:
378:
129:
109:
40:
5210:
5167:
5163:
International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children
4310:
3962:
3767:
3742:
3717:
3692:
3669:
3645:
3621:
3597:
3312:
3238:
2561:
2360:
2123:
1768:
1394:
1049:
855:
843:
443:
412:
246:
153:
4077:
3794:
Laura Poitras; Marcel Rosenbach; Fidelius Schmid; Holger Stark; Jonathan Stock.
3211:
5480:
5288:
5283:
5127:
5086:
4868:
4775:
4276:
3992:
3457:
2980:
2211:
2005:
Details of NSA's agreement to share personal data of US citizens with Israel's
1954:
1859:
1834:
The following documents were jointly released by the NSA and the GCHQ in 2010:
1806:
1759:
1657:
1447:
960:
956:
905:
819:
169:
94:
810:
5705:
5684:
5502:
5372:
4671:
4578:
4455:
3911:
2691:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1096:
926:
831:
823:
799:
325:
317:
281:
countries (known as Exotics). The network was expanded in the 1960s into the
113:
98:
4039:
3101:
2588:
5600:
4991:
4695:
4445:
3747:
3722:
3697:
3601:
3317:
3247:
3108:
2984:
2831:
2752:
2327:
2157:
1906:
1379:
1233:
1026:
as of 2007, with countries subject to the most data collection shown in red
949:
839:
827:
791:
468:
278:
270:
121:
4191:
176:
allies of the Cold War are rapidly shifting into the digital realm of the
5487:
5158:
Declaration recognising the Right to a Flag of States having no Sea-coast
4388:
3939:
3800:
3673:
3529:
3522:
3496:
3461:
2893:
Policing Politics: Security Intelligence and the Liberal Democratic State
2147:
2131:
1789:
1681:
1437:
1308:
942:
867:
173:
146:
Due to its status as a secret treaty, its existence was not known to the
125:
90:
5143:
Agreement for the Suppression of the Circulation of Obscene Publications
3970:
The Ties That Bind: Intelligence Cooperation Between the UKUSA Countries
3686:
GCHQ taps fibre-optic cables for secret access to world's communications
3591:
Portrait of the NSA: no detail too small in quest for total surveillance
3330:
2117:
1922:
233:. The UKUSA Agreement connected the signal intercept networks of the UK
222:
AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO THE APPENDICES TO THE UKUSA AGREEMENT (THIRD EDITION)
135:
Much of the sharing of information is performed via the ultra-sensitive
5636:
4975:
4764:
4659:
4594:
4179:
3897:
Spyworld: Inside the Canadian and American Intelligence Establishments.
3866:
Best Kept Secret: Canadian Secret Intelligence in the Second World War.
3104:"The National Security Agency: surveillance giant with eyes on America"
2718:"Diary reveals birth of secret UK-US spy pact that grew into Five Eyes"
2717:
2384:"Mission almost impossible: keeping a step ahead of prying 'Five Eyes'"
2265:"Declassified UKUSA Signals Intelligence Agreement Documents Available"
1875:
1432:
1091:
881:
775:
447:
magazine as one of the "most important documents in the history of the
136:
5138:
International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave Traffic
5548:
5362:
5006:
4858:
4542:
4508:
4378:
4250:
4173:
3955:
3523:
Laura Poitras; Marcel Rosenbach & Holger Stark (12 August 2013).
2981:"Australia first to admit "we're part of global surveillance system""
2184:
2025:
2006:
1669:
1636:
1488:
1442:
1243:
1223:
1137:
1108:
1086:
938:
871:
779:
745:
477:
347:
269:
Under the agreement, the GCHQ and the NSA shared intelligence on the
258:
102:
82:
892:
5585:
3333:"NSA shares raw intelligence including Americans' data with Israel"
3102:
Ewen MacAskill, Julian Borger & Glenn Greenwald (6 June 2013).
3049:
2527:
1776:"taps UK phones" at the request of the British intelligence agency
1541:
1238:
1186:
795:
448:
358:
321:
242:
177:
161:'s most important documents, with immense historical significance.
158:
4521:
4167:
3944:
Secret Power, New Zealand's Role in the International Spy Network
3886:
Rooted in secrecy: the clandestine element in Australian politics
3711:
NSA 'offers intelligence to British counterparts to skirt UK law'
2864:
2053:
1793:, this was done to circumvent domestic surveillance regulations:
1712:
1270:
1248:
1228:
1213:
1132:
1044:
504:
297:
292:
countries". Other countries that joined as "third parties" were
5434:
5268:
3396:"PKI Interoperability with FVEY Partner Nations on the NIPRNet"
2168:
1880:
To be kept under lock and key: Never to be removed from office.
1700:
1645:
1218:
964:
875:
476:
which reveals a similar agreement between the NSA and Israel's
293:
172:
has shown that the intelligence-sharing activities between the
101:. The alliance of intelligence operations is also known as the
86:
3236:
3137:"Surveillance secrecy: the legacy of GCHQ's years under cover"
925:
The "Five Eyes" community is part of an extensive alliance of
320:. After learning about the agreement, Whitlam discovered that
5538:
5533:
5001:
4996:
4515:
4206:
4161:
4058:
Top Level Telecommunications: Five Eyes, 9-Eyes and many more
2624:"For Western Allies, a Long History of Swapping Intelligence"
2491:"Document that formalised 'special relationship' with the US"
2356:"Global Insight: US spying risks clouding 'five eyes' vision"
2152:
1821:
dragnets, while keeping domestic federal courts in the dark.
1181:
274:
61:
52:
46:
3760:
3615:
Allegation of U.S. Spying on Merkel Puts Obama at Crossroads
21:
4071:
3888:, Committee for the Abolition of Political Police, p.
3639:
EU leaders warn US 'spying' could harm fight against terror
3492:"Edward Snowden Interview: The NSA and Its Willing Helpers"
934:
5498:
Implications of U.S. gene patent invalidation on Australia
5123:
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
3525:"Ally and Target: US Intelligence Watches Germany Closely"
2040:
NSA document on a joint espionage operation with Canada's
794:
provided considerable eavesdropping advantages during the
5034:
British Army regiments in Australia between 1810 and 1870
3761:
Chris Blackhurst & John Gilbert (22 September 1996).
3076:
2524:"Canada's role in secret intelligence alliance Five Eyes"
2196:
Signals intelligence by alliances, nations and industries
1777:
503:
Although the UKUSA alliance is often associated with the
43:
3663:
Appearances and Reality: Merkel Balks at EU Privacy Push
2748:"Not so secret: deal at the heart of UK-US intelligence"
108:
Emerging from an informal agreement related to the 1941
3883:
2657:"The world of signals intelligence and GCSB in context"
2422:"How Secret Partners Expand NSA's Surveillance Dragnet"
2045:
16:
Multilateral signals intelligence treaty signed in 1946
5051:
Second Australian Imperial Force in the United Kingdom
3884:
Coxsedge, Joan; Coldicutt, Ken; Harant, Gerry (1982),
3398:. United States Department of the Navy. Archived from
3134:
2415:
2413:
2411:
346:
The existence of several intelligence agencies of the
264:
202:
Acquisition of communications documents and equipment.
5107:
Australian Constitution (Public Record Copy) Act 1990
4900:
High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Australia
4890:
High Commissioners of Australia to the United Kingdom
4516:
Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty
3796:"Cover Story: How the NSA Targets Germany and Europe"
3331:
Glenn Greenwald, Laura Poitras & Ewen MacAskill.
2895:(1. publ. ed.). London u.a.: Cass. p. 198.
896:
This diagram depicts the relationship between the US
498:
433:(GCSB) was officially disclosed on a "limited basis".
70:
58:
49:
3736:
GCHQ-NSA revelations â Hague responds: politics blog
2692:"How the British and Americans started listening in"
2143:
Allied technological cooperation during World War II
2099:
4068:
It Always Feels Like the Five Eyes Are Watching You
3829:"Canada's spy agencies chastised for duping courts"
2408:
55:
31:
United Kingdom â United States of America Agreement
3613:David Sanger and Mark Mazzetti (24 October 2013),
3045:"How CSE's existence was first revealed by CBC TV"
2827:"Allied code-breakers co-operate â but not always"
4107:
3917:
3589:Ewen MacAskill and James Ball (2 November 2013),
3419:
3417:
2952:The ANZUS Crisis, Nuclear Visiting and Deterrence
2798:"Canada and the Five Eyes Intelligence Community"
2453:"Navy spy probe kept military in dark: documents"
357:In Canada, an investigative television report on
77:) is a multilateral agreement for cooperation in
5682:
5178:Geneva Convention on the Wounded and Sick (1929)
2741:
2739:
933:with each other. These allied countries include
710:Directorate of Defence Intelligence and Security
5450:United States presidential visits to Australia
3455:
3170:"Royal Commission on Intelligence and Security"
2557:"How a Secret Spy Pact Helped Win the Cold War"
4425:High commissioners of New Zealand to Australia
4410:High commissioners of Australia to New Zealand
3414:
3361:
2805:Canadian Defence and Foreign Affairs Institute
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
1913:
1471:Global surveillance disclosures (2013âpresent)
5455:U.S./Australia Parliamentary Friendship Group
5404:Ambassadors of the United States to Australia
5394:Ambassadors of Australia to the United States
5345:
4941:2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
4936:2002 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
4931:1981 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
4916:AustraliaâUnited Kingdom Free Trade Agreement
4841:
4361:
4093:
3968:Richelson, Jeffrey T.; Ball, Desmond (1985).
3918:Janczewski, Lech; Colarik, Andrew M. (2008),
2745:
2736:
2484:
2482:
1739:
888:Fourteen Eyes, a section in Five Eyes article
822:, New Zealand is responsible for the western
648:Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
314:Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
5617:2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup Final
5440:AustraliaâUnited States Free Trade Agreement
5173:Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War (1929)
3826:
3567:(in Danish). 4 November 2013. Archived from
3012:"How CSEC became an electronic spying giant"
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2589:"Newly released GCHQ files: UKUSA Agreement"
369:Communications Security Establishment Canada
350:was not revealed until the following years:
303:
5320:Category:AustraliaâUnited Kingdom relations
4415:Consulate General of New Zealand, Melbourne
4021:. Volume 16 Number 1 (Spring 2001). 97â128.
3042:
2541:
5671:Category:AustraliaâUnited States relations
5352:
5338:
4848:
4834:
4368:
4354:
4100:
4086:
2521:
2479:
1746:
1732:
882:9 Eyes, 14 Eyes, and other "third parties"
474:leaked document provided by Edward Snowden
5811:1946 establishments in the United Kingdom
5711:Government databases in the United States
5561:International Maritime Security Construct
5445:Friends of Australia Congressional Caucus
3321:, 1 August 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
3306:NSA pays ÂŁ100m in secret funding for GCHQ
3208:Government Communications Security Bureau
3135:Norton-Taylor, Richard (21 August 2013).
2860:"Australia and America: a 50-year affair"
2772:
2419:
2179:Combined Communications Electronics Board
716:New Zealand Security Intelligence Service
704:Government Communications Security Bureau
431:Government Communications Security Bureau
324:, a secret surveillance station close to
5816:1946 establishments in the United States
5419:Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs
5097:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942
4816:Category:AustraliaâNew Zealand relations
4750:Australian rules football in New Zealand
4430:Consulate General of Australia, Auckland
4420:Consulate General of New Zealand, Sydney
4405:High Commission of Australia, Wellington
3989:The United States Intelligence Community
3661:Gregor Peter Schmitz (28 October 2013),
2978:
891:
870:, Russia, and China, in addition to the
809:
395:In Britain, an investigative article in
188:
20:
4958:Royal visits to Rockhampton, Queensland
4946:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
3946:; Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson, NZ;
3364:"Exposed: Australia's Asia spy network"
2824:
2746:Norton-Taylor, Richard (25 June 2010).
2488:
2320:
1953:The following documents were leaked by
1519:Mass surveillance in the United Kingdom
790:Canada's geographical proximity to the
401:magazine revealed the existence of the
5726:United States national security policy
5683:
5409:Consuls-General of Australia, New York
5399:Embassy of the United States, Canberra
5389:Embassy of Australia, Washington, D.C.
5046:British Commonwealth Air Training Plan
4626:AustraliaâNew Zealand sports rivalries
4569:Exclusive economic zone of New Zealand
3763:"US spy base 'taps UK phones for MI5'"
3561:"Denmark is one of the NSA's '9-Eyes'"
3343:from the original on 13 September 2013
3070:
3009:
2915:
2839:from the original on 15 September 2013
2636:from the original on 13 September 2013
2522:Chittley, Jordan & Newman, Kevin.
2463:from the original on 19 September 2013
2137:Air and Space Interoperability Council
1993:under the UKUSA Agreement (April 2013)
1846:Cover page of the 1946 UKUSA Agreement
1829:
1811:Canadian Security Intelligence Service
1514:Mass surveillance in the United States
685:Canadian Security Intelligence Service
654:Australian Secret Intelligence Service
556:Government Communications Headquarters
417:Australian Secret Intelligence Service
403:Government Communications Headquarters
235:Government Communications Headquarters
5776:United KingdomâUnited States treaties
5414:Australian Consulate-General, Houston
5333:
4829:
4600:AustraliaâNew Zealand Maritime Treaty
4503:Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
4349:
4081:
3841:from the original on 25 December 2013
3376:from the original on 21 December 2013
3275:"NZ role with global spying alliance"
3255:from the original on 19 December 2013
3083:from the original on 19 February 2014
3024:from the original on 22 December 2013
2554:
1466:2005 warrantless surveillance scandal
826:and maintains listening posts in the
673:Communications Security Establishment
571:
454:
429:In New Zealand, the existence of the
341:1975 Australian constitutional crisis
5766:New ZealandâUnited Kingdom relations
5627:Australia and the American Civil War
5476:United States diplomatic cables leak
4885:High Commission of Australia, London
4564:Exclusive economic zone of Australia
3808:from the original on 24 October 2013
3751:, 10 June 2013, Retrieved July 2013.
3726:, 10 June 2013. Retrieved July 2013.
3701:, 21 June 2013. Retrieved July 2013.
3637:Bruno Waterfield (25 October 2013),
3468:from the original on 26 January 2014
3147:from the original on 3 December 2013
3116:from the original on 26 January 2014
2991:from the original on 3 February 2014
2949:
2928:from the original on 8 February 2014
2890:
2760:from the original on 5 December 2013
2621:
2569:from the original on 22 October 2013
2353:
2217:United States Intelligence Community
1917:
1787:. As described by the news magazine
679:Canadian Forces Intelligence Command
116:was renewed with the passage of the
5821:Treaties entered into force in 1946
5771:New ZealandâUnited States relations
5237:Australian Astronomical Observatory
4787:Proposals for new Australian states
3537:from the original on 20 August 2013
2922:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2857:
2795:
2503:from the original on 3 January 2014
2432:from the original on 16 August 2014
1959:2013 Global surveillance disclosure
1862:of Britain and America (March 1946)
265:Onset of the Cold War (1950sâ1960s)
13:
5731:AustraliaâUnited Kingdom relations
5596:Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
5196:British nuclear tests at Maralinga
5024:Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
4864:AustraliaâUnited Kingdom relations
4527:Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
4026:Intelligence and National Security
4019:Intelligence and National Security
3857:
3362:Philip Dorling (31 October 2013).
3287:from the original on 22 March 2016
3071:Schorr, Daniel (29 January 2006).
3043:Hildebrandt, Amber (21 May 2015).
3010:Freeze, Colin (30 November 2013).
2872:from the original on 28 April 2014
2450:
2396:from the original on 18 April 2014
2028:to provide "unique contributions".
1785:2013 mass surveillance disclosures
1772:reported back in 1996 that the US
902:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
724:
499:Security and intelligence agencies
14:
5842:
5736:AustraliaâUnited States relations
5368:AustraliaâUnited States relations
5082:Australian Constitutions Act 1850
4895:British High Commission, Canberra
4755:Commonwealth Pacific Cable System
4482:Underarm bowling incident of 1981
4049:UKUSA Agreement Release 1940-1956
4033:
3922:, Idea Group Inc (IGI), pp.
3827:Colin Freeze (20 December 2013).
3775:from the original on 4 March 2018
3425:"They're Listening To Your Calls"
2825:Aldrich, Richard (24 June 2010).
2654:
2599:from the original on 26 June 2010
2457:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
2381:
2321:Farrell, Paul (2 December 2013).
2206:The Technical Cooperation Program
2068:NSA's relationship with Canada's
1989:NSA's relationship with Sweden's
1973:NSA's relationship with Norway's
1024:Map of global NSA data collection
849:
642:Defence Intelligence Organisation
285:collection and analysis network.
5666:
5665:
5576:Marine Rotational Force â Darwin
5566:Joint Defense Facility Nurrungar
5371:
5361:
5315:
5314:
5232:1919 England to Australia flight
4867:
4857:
4811:
4810:
4792:MÄori voting rights in Australia
4610:Territorial claims in Antarctica
4387:
4377:
4325:
3895:Frost, Mike and Michel Gratton.
3504:from the original on 6 July 2014
3456:Duncan Campbell (25 July 2000).
2979:Campbell, Duncan (28 May 1999).
2954:(1. publ. ed.). Cambridge:
2669:from the original on 3 July 2013
2489:Gardham, Duncan (24 June 2010).
2420:Gallagher, Ryan (19 June 2014).
2335:from the original on 25 May 2017
2116:
2102:
2076:
2061:
2033:
2020:NSA document reveals the German
2013:
1998:
1982:
1966:
1921:
1887:
1867:
1851:
1839:
1805:In 2013, Canadian federal judge
1711:
1699:
1680:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1624:
1614:
1604:
1594:
1584:
1574:
1564:
1163:President's Surveillance Program
1017:
1003:
861:
693:
662:
625:
588:
545:
300:(1954) and West Germany (1955).
39:
5751:CanadaâUnited Kingdom relations
5741:AustraliaâNew Zealand relations
5591:Quadrilateral Security Dialogue
5513:Sydney anti-Islam film protests
5254:Australian War Memorial, London
5019:Five Power Defence Arrangements
4797:Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902
4538:Five Power Defence Arrangements
4451:Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement
4384:AustraliaâNew Zealand relations
3820:
3787:
3754:
3729:
3704:
3679:
3655:
3631:
3607:
3583:
3553:
3516:
3484:
3449:
3388:
3355:
3324:
3299:
3267:
3230:
3196:
3162:
3128:
3095:
3064:
3036:
3003:
2972:
2943:
2916:Leslie, Tim (8 November 2013).
2909:
2884:
2851:
2818:
2710:
2684:
2648:
2615:
2581:
2515:
2323:"History of 5-Eyes â explainer"
611:Federal Bureau of Investigation
461:2013 Edward Snowden revelations
5801:Treaties of the United Kingdom
5756:CanadaâUnited States relations
5148:International Opium Convention
4724:Rugby League World Cup finals
4533:New Zealand Memorial, Canberra
4064:Electronic Frontier Foundation
3174:National Archives of Australia
2858:Ley, Jenny (1 February 2003).
2444:
2375:
2347:
2314:
2287:
2271:. 24 June 2010. Archived from
2257:
2229:
1168:Terrorist Surveillance Program
995:
858:, Middle East, and Hong Kong.
805:
636:Australian Signals Directorate
385:revealed the existence of the
367:revealed the existence of the
332:, had been operated by the US
241:(NSA) at the beginning of the
166:global surveillance disclosure
1:
5831:Cold War history of Australia
5826:1946 establishments in Canada
5806:Treaties of the United States
5721:Privacy of telecommunications
5716:Signals intelligence agencies
4782:Join Australia Movement Party
3433:. 30 May 1999. Archived from
3243:"Britain and US spy on world"
2622:Eddy, Melissa (9 July 2013).
2250:
2164:British intelligence agencies
1347:Senate Intelligence Committee
913:âExtensive mutual sharing of
459:In July 2013, as part of the
143:" between the UK and the US.
5761:CanadaâNew Zealand relations
5654:United States Studies Centre
5622:AustralianâAmerican Memorial
4705:2015 Cricket World Cup final
3073:"A Brief History of the NSA"
2796:Cox, James (December 2012).
2555:White, Adam (29 June 2010).
769:
739:
7:
5216:McClelland Royal Commission
5092:Statute of Westminster 1931
4745:2023 FIFA Women's World Cup
4710:Australasia at the Olympics
2191:Five Nations Passport Group
2181:(communication-electronics)
2095:
1914:Disclosed by Edward Snowden
1324:FISA Amendments Act of 2008
1319:Protect America Act of 2007
1158:Total Information Awareness
617:Central Intelligence Agency
605:Defense Intelligence Agency
578:Secret Intelligence Service
421:Defence Signals Directorate
334:Central Intelligence Agency
312:on the headquarters of the
211:Decryption and translation.
148:Prime Minister of Australia
10:
5847:
5746:AustraliaâCanada relations
5242:Anglo-Australian Telescope
5041:RAAF Overseas Headquarters
4720:2015 Rugby World Cup final
2956:Cambridge University Press
1824:
1121:Tailored Access Operations
885:
743:
728:
415:revealed the existence of
377:In the United States, the
275:People's Republic of China
183:
5662:
5609:
5526:
5518:Killing of Justine Damond
5508:MelbourneâEvans collision
5463:
5427:
5381:
5311:
5264:BritainâAustralia Society
5224:
5186:
5115:
5059:
5029:British Army in Australia
4984:
4968:
4908:
4877:
4807:
4618:
4587:
4574:Closer Economic Relations
4556:
4495:
4474:
4438:
4397:
4321:
4295:
4269:
4218:
4201:
4154:
4147:
4116:
3961:27 September 2007 at the
3369:The Sydney Morning Herald
2950:Pugh, Michael C. (1989).
2389:The Sydney Morning Herald
1957:during the course of the
1494:Surveillance of reporters
1352:National Security Council
866:The US is focused on the
785:
714:
683:
486:The Sydney Morning Herald
304:Investigations (1970â90s)
5701:National Security Agency
5153:Paris Convention of 1919
5077:South Australia Act 1842
5072:South Australia Act 1834
5067:New South Wales Act 1823
4953:Royal tours of Australia
4053:National Security Agency
3716:29 December 2013 at the
2662:National Business Review
2269:National Security Agency
2222:
2208:(technology and science)
1774:National Security Agency
1010:National Security Agency
898:National Security Agency
599:National Security Agency
387:National Security Agency
361:'s newsmagazine program
308:In the aftermath of the
239:National Security Agency
5796:Treaties of New Zealand
5544:Exercise Talisman Saber
5133:Berne Convention (1906)
4926:Commonwealth of Nations
3691:17 October 2017 at the
3668:1 November 2013 at the
3620:5 February 2017 at the
3596:2 February 2014 at the
3311:25 January 2014 at the
2237:Quadripartite Agreement
2174:Collective intelligence
1799:Bundesnachrichtendienst
157:magazine as one of the
5302:The Queen in Australia
5249:Australian State Coach
4921:Nauru Island Agreement
4637:ChappellâHadlee Trophy
4461:Nauru Island Agreement
4014:Research Branch, 1993.
3987:Richelson, Jeffrey T.
3741:17 August 2016 at the
3644:25 August 2018 at the
3430:Bloomberg Businessweek
3280:The New Zealand Herald
3237:Duncan Campbell &
2297:, EPIC, 2002, p.
2024:'s usage of the NSA's
1894:Photograph of British
1803:
1509:Insider Threat Program
922:
911:NSA and second parties
815:
754:(often abbreviated as
534:Security intelligence
466:On 11 September 2013,
217:
199:Collection of traffic.
26:
5781:Treaties of Australia
5295:A Bride from the Bush
5279:Monarchy of Australia
4679:rugby union (women's)
4645:(women's ODI crikcet)
4605:Special Category Visa
4466:Pacific Islands Forum
4044:The National Archives
4012:Library of Parliament
3204:"History of the GCSB"
2593:The National Archives
1809:strongly rebuked the
1795:
1314:Homeland Security Act
1208:Databases, tools etc.
919:NSA and third parties
895:
813:
339:At the height of the
193:
189:Origins (1940sâ1950s)
24:
5632:Southern Cross Cable
5493:Death of Tina Watson
5259:Big Brother Movement
4770:Tasman Global Access
4760:Southern Cross Cable
4209:(Germany, 1950â1990)
2891:Gill, Peter (1994).
2201:Special Relationship
2110:United States portal
1504:UN diplomatic spying
931:signals intelligence
915:signals intelligence
764:signals intelligence
562:Defence Intelligence
530:Defence intelligence
525:Signals intelligence
509:signals intelligence
141:Special Relationship
118:1943 BRUSA Agreement
79:signals intelligence
5571:Major non-NATO ally
5206:Operation Hurricane
4667:Rugby union (men's)
4649:Laurie O'Reilly Cup
4631:Trans-Tasman Trophy
4487:CarrâPeters scandal
3650:The Daily Telegraph
3565:The Copenhagen Post
3437:on 15 November 2014
3180:on 11 February 2014
2814:on 5 February 2014.
2496:The Daily Telegraph
2354:McGregor, Richard.
1830:Officially released
1819:global surveillance
1375:Hepting v. AT&T
1294:Privacy Act of 1974
1072:Upstream collection
834:just south-west of
774:Australia monitors
731:Global surveillance
5786:Treaties of Canada
5642:Pipe Pacific Cable
5581:Operation Blowdown
5527:Military relations
5471:Battle of Brisbane
5201:Operation Blowdown
5102:Australia Act 1986
4985:Military relations
4715:Crossing the Ditch
4557:Economic relations
4496:Military relations
4330:Portals: Terrorism
3995:, Boulder, Colo.;
3906:Hamilton, Dwight.
3834:The Globe and Mail
3626:The New York Times
3402:on 1 February 2014
3017:The Globe and Mail
2629:The New York Times
2241:Quadripartite Pact
2235:Also known as the
2044:agency during the
1933:. You can help by
1858:Signatures of the
1385:Clapper v. Amnesty
1260:GCHQ collaboration
1254:BOUNDLESSINFORMANT
923:
816:
538:Human intelligence
455:Recent media leaks
411:In Australia, the
330:Northern Territory
237:(GCHQ) and the US
27:
5678:
5677:
5647:Telstra Endeavour
5327:
5326:
4823:
4822:
4684:Constellation Cup
4639:(ODI/T20 cricket)
4343:
4342:
4214:
4213:
4109:Mass surveillance
4001:978-0-8133-4362-4
3974:Allen & Unwin
3933:978-1-59140-991-5
3870:Lester Publishing
3214:on 17 August 2013
2698:. 8 February 2016
2267:(Press release).
1951:
1950:
1756:
1755:
989:François Hollande
927:Western countries
904:(NATO) and other
722:
721:
310:1973 Murphy raids
205:Traffic analysis.
5838:
5669:
5668:
5382:Diplomatic posts
5376:
5375:
5366:
5365:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5331:
5330:
5318:
5317:
5274:Sports rivalries
4878:Diplomatic posts
4872:
4871:
4862:
4861:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4827:
4826:
4814:
4813:
4643:Rose Bowl series
4398:Diplomatic posts
4392:
4391:
4382:
4381:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4347:
4346:
4329:
4152:
4151:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4079:
4078:
3936:
3901:Doubleday Canada
3892:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3758:
3752:
3733:
3727:
3708:
3702:
3683:
3677:
3659:
3653:
3635:
3629:
3611:
3605:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3458:"Inside Echelon"
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3421:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3328:
3322:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3283:. 30 June 2000.
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3221:
3219:
3210:. Archived from
3200:
3194:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3176:. Archived from
3166:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2933:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2807:. Archived from
2802:
2793:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2674:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2552:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2417:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2261:
2244:
2233:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2080:
2065:
2037:
2017:
2002:
1986:
1970:
1946:
1943:
1925:
1918:
1891:
1871:
1855:
1843:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1716:
1715:
1704:
1703:
1685:
1684:
1673:
1672:
1661:
1660:
1649:
1648:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1598:
1588:
1578:
1568:
1400:Wikimedia v. NSA
1390:Klayman v. Obama
1289:Safe Streets Act
1021:
1007:
1000:
999:
699:
697:
696:
668:
666:
665:
631:
629:
628:
594:
592:
591:
573:
568:Security Service
551:
549:
548:
518:
517:
379:Church Committee
364:The Fifth Estate
225:
130:Nordic countries
110:Atlantic Charter
74:
68:
67:
64:
63:
60:
57:
54:
51:
48:
45:
5846:
5845:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5791:Secret treaties
5681:
5680:
5679:
5674:
5658:
5605:
5554:UKUSA Agreement
5522:
5459:
5423:
5377:
5370:
5360:
5358:
5328:
5323:
5307:
5220:
5211:Operation Totem
5182:
5168:Svalbard Treaty
5111:
5055:
5012:UKUSA Agreement
4980:
4964:
4904:
4873:
4866:
4856:
4854:
4824:
4819:
4803:
4614:
4583:
4552:
4548:UKUSA Agreement
4491:
4470:
4434:
4393:
4386:
4376:
4374:
4344:
4339:
4317:
4306:UKUSA Agreement
4291:
4265:
4210:
4197:
4143:
4112:
4106:
4040:UKUSA Agreement
4036:
4031:
4006:Rosen, Philip.
3963:Wayback Machine
3934:
3860:
3858:Further reading
3855:
3854:
3844:
3842:
3825:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3792:
3788:
3778:
3776:
3768:The Independent
3759:
3755:
3743:Wayback Machine
3734:
3730:
3718:Wayback Machine
3709:
3705:
3693:Wayback Machine
3684:
3680:
3670:Wayback Machine
3660:
3656:
3646:Wayback Machine
3636:
3632:
3622:Wayback Machine
3612:
3608:
3598:Wayback Machine
3588:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3540:
3538:
3521:
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3507:
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3405:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3329:
3325:
3313:Wayback Machine
3304:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3241:(23 May 1999).
3239:Mark Honigsbaum
3235:
3231:
3217:
3215:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3183:
3181:
3168:
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3163:
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3119:
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2800:
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2773:
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2727:
2725:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2672:
2670:
2655:Smith, Nathan.
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2620:
2616:
2602:
2600:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2553:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2487:
2480:
2466:
2464:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2418:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2361:Financial Times
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2275:on 16 July 2013
2263:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2124:Politics portal
2122:
2115:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2091:
2081:
2072:
2066:
2057:
2038:
2029:
2018:
2009:
2003:
1994:
1987:
1978:
1971:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1931:needs expansion
1916:
1909:
1892:
1883:
1874:Text under the
1872:
1863:
1860:Chiefs of staff
1856:
1847:
1844:
1832:
1827:
1769:The Independent
1752:
1723:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1679:
1667:
1655:
1643:
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1532:
1524:
1523:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1461:
1453:
1452:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1395:ACLU v. Clapper
1365:
1357:
1356:
1337:
1329:
1328:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1035:
1027:
1008:
998:
917:
909:
890:
884:
864:
856:European Russia
852:
832:Waihopai Valley
818:In addition to
808:
788:
772:
748:
742:
733:
727:
725:Global coverage
694:
692:
663:
661:
626:
624:
589:
587:
581:
570:
552:United Kingdom
546:
544:
501:
457:
419:(ASIS) and the
413:Hope Commission
306:
267:
247:Hoyt Vandenberg
227:
219:
191:
186:
72:
42:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5844:
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5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5481:Julian Assange
5473:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
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5447:
5442:
5437:
5431:
5429:
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5349:
5342:
5334:
5325:
5324:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5289:Ten Pound Poms
5286:
5284:Palace letters
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
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5245:
5244:
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5128:Treaty of Bern
5125:
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5099:
5094:
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5087:Papua Act 1905
5084:
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4820:
4808:
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4802:
4801:
4800:
4799:
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4784:
4779:
4776:Patriot Brains
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
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4722:
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4686:
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4675:
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4664:
4663:
4662:
4652:
4646:
4640:
4634:
4633:(Test cricket)
4622:
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4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4591:
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4340:
4338:
4337:
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4331:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4287:Julian Assange
4284:
4279:
4277:Edward Snowden
4273:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4222:
4220:
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4211:
4205:
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4199:
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4183:
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4131:
4126:
4120:
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4105:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4060:
4055:
4046:
4035:
4034:External links
4032:
4030:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4004:
3993:Westview Press
3985:
3966:
3956:ONLINE EDITION
3937:
3932:
3915:
3904:
3893:
3881:
3864:Bryden, John.
3861:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3819:
3786:
3753:
3728:
3703:
3678:
3654:
3630:
3606:
3582:
3571:on 9 June 2015
3552:
3515:
3483:
3448:
3413:
3387:
3354:
3323:
3298:
3266:
3229:
3195:
3161:
3127:
3094:
3063:
3035:
3002:
2971:
2964:
2958:. p. 46.
2942:
2908:
2901:
2883:
2850:
2817:
2771:
2735:
2724:. 5 March 2021
2709:
2683:
2647:
2614:
2580:
2540:
2514:
2478:
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2407:
2374:
2346:
2313:
2307:
2286:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2212:Tizard Mission
2209:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2187:(intelligence)
2182:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2113:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2060:
2058:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2019:
2012:
2010:
2004:
1997:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1955:Edward Snowden
1949:
1948:
1928:
1926:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1896:cryptoanalysts
1893:
1886:
1884:
1882:" (Appendix F)
1873:
1866:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1807:Richard Mosley
1760:2013 NSA leaks
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1708:
1695:
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1677:
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1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
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1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:Edward Snowden
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1423:William Binney
1419:
1417:Whistleblowers
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1366:
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1362:
1359:
1358:
1355:
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1327:
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1301:
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1199:
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1177:
1173:
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1170:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1014:
1013:
997:
994:
984:
983:
979:
961:Western allies
957:Edward Snowden
906:Western allies
883:
880:
863:
860:
851:
850:United Kingdom
848:
820:Southeast Asia
807:
804:
787:
784:
771:
768:
744:Main article:
741:
738:
729:Main article:
726:
723:
720:
719:
713:
707:
701:
689:
688:
682:
676:
670:
658:
657:
651:
645:
639:
633:
621:
620:
614:
608:
602:
596:
595:United States
584:
583:
575:
565:
559:
553:
541:
540:
535:
532:
527:
522:
500:
497:
456:
453:
435:
434:
427:
424:
409:
406:
393:
390:
375:
372:
355:
305:
302:
277:, and several
266:
263:
216:
215:
212:
209:
208:Cryptanalysis.
206:
203:
200:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
170:Edward Snowden
151:recognized by
128:, and several
95:United Kingdom
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5843:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
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5799:
5797:
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5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
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5769:
5767:
5764:
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5752:
5749:
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5727:
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5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5673:
5672:
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5652:
5648:
5645:
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5584:
5582:
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5555:
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5537:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5503:Mamdouh Habib
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
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5462:
5456:
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5441:
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5407:
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5397:
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5380:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5355:
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5336:
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5332:
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5321:
5310:
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5299:
5297:
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5287:
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5277:
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5260:
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5233:
5230:
5229:
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5223:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5188:Nuclear tests
5185:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
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5017:
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5000:
4998:
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4990:
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4907:
4901:
4898:
4896:
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4680:
4677:
4673:
4672:Bledisloe Cup
4670:
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4579:Pacific Union
4577:
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4459:
4457:
4456:Canberra Pact
4454:
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4229:
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4224:
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4217:
4208:
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4200:
4193:
4190:
4188:(Switzerland)
4187:
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4178:
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4103:
4098:
4096:
4091:
4089:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4074:, 2018-28-12.
4073:
4069:
4065:
4062:Kurt Opsahl,
4061:
4059:
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4054:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3982:0-04-327092-1
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3952:0-908802-35-8
3949:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3913:
3912:Dundurn Press
3909:
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3039:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3006:
2990:
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2975:
2967:
2965:0-521-34355-0
2961:
2957:
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2946:
2939:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2904:
2902:0-7146-3490-5
2898:
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2664:
2663:
2658:
2651:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2598:
2595:. June 2010.
2594:
2590:
2584:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2485:
2483:
2475:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2451:Gordon, Rob.
2447:
2431:
2427:
2426:The Intercept
2423:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2385:
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2308:1-893044-16-5
2304:
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2167:
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2149:
2146:
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2141:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2100:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1945:
1936:
1932:
1929:This section
1927:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1908:
1904:
1903:Edward Travis
1900:
1899:Harry Hinsley
1897:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1849:
1842:
1837:
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1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1559:United States
1558:
1557:
1554:Collaboration
1551:
1550:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1499:Mail tracking
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
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1038:
1037:
1031:
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1016:
1015:
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1006:
1002:
1001:
993:
990:
980:
977:
976:
975:
972:
968:
966:
962:
958:
955:According to
953:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
920:
916:
912:
907:
903:
899:
894:
889:
879:
877:
873:
869:
862:United States
859:
857:
847:
845:
841:
838:, and on the
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
812:
803:
801:
800:Latin America
797:
793:
783:
781:
777:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
747:
737:
732:
717:
711:
708:
705:
702:
691:
690:
686:
680:
677:
674:
671:
660:
659:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
623:
622:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
586:
585:
579:
576:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
543:
542:
539:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
520:
519:
516:
515:" community:
514:
510:
506:
496:
494:
493:
488:
487:
483:According to
481:
479:
475:
471:
470:
464:
462:
452:
450:
446:
445:
438:
432:
428:
425:
422:
418:
414:
410:
407:
404:
400:
399:
394:
391:
388:
384:
380:
376:
373:
370:
366:
365:
360:
356:
353:
352:
351:
349:
344:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
326:Alice Springs
323:
319:
318:Gough Whitlam
315:
311:
301:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
262:
260:
255:
253:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
226:
223:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
197:
196:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
162:
160:
156:
155:
149:
144:
142:
138:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:secret treaty
111:
106:
104:
100:
99:United States
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:
66:
36:
32:
23:
19:
5664:
5601:War Plan Red
5553:
5313:
5300:
5293:
5011:
4992:AUSCANNZUKUS
4809:
4774:
4696:Soccer Ashes
4655:Rugby league
4547:
4446:Trans-Tasman
4336:Human Rights
4305:
4282:Barack Obama
4202:Discontinued
4134:2013âpresent
4025:
4018:
4007:
3991:, fifth ed.
3988:
3969:
3943:
3940:Hager, Nicky
3919:
3907:
3896:
3885:
3865:
3843:. Retrieved
3832:
3822:
3810:. Retrieved
3799:
3789:
3779:17 September
3777:. Retrieved
3766:
3756:
3748:The Guardian
3746:
3731:
3723:The Guardian
3721:
3706:
3698:The Guardian
3696:
3681:
3672:
3657:
3648:
3633:
3624:
3609:
3602:The Guardian
3600:
3585:
3573:. Retrieved
3569:the original
3564:
3555:
3546:
3539:. Retrieved
3528:
3518:
3506:. Retrieved
3495:
3486:
3477:
3470:. Retrieved
3451:
3439:. Retrieved
3435:the original
3428:
3404:. Retrieved
3400:the original
3390:
3378:. Retrieved
3367:
3357:
3345:. Retrieved
3337:The Guardian
3336:
3326:
3318:The Guardian
3316:
3301:
3289:. Retrieved
3278:
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3248:The Observer
3246:
3232:
3223:
3216:. Retrieved
3212:the original
3198:
3189:
3182:. Retrieved
3178:the original
3164:
3156:
3149:. Retrieved
3141:The Guardian
3140:
3130:
3118:. Retrieved
3109:The Guardian
3107:
3097:
3085:. Retrieved
3066:
3054:. Retrieved
3048:
3038:
3026:. Retrieved
3015:
3005:
2993:. Retrieved
2985:Heise Online
2974:
2951:
2945:
2937:
2930:. Retrieved
2911:
2892:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2863:
2853:
2841:. Retrieved
2832:The Guardian
2830:
2820:
2809:the original
2762:. Retrieved
2753:The Guardian
2751:
2726:. Retrieved
2721:
2712:
2700:. Retrieved
2695:
2686:
2678:
2671:. Retrieved
2660:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2627:
2617:
2608:
2601:. Retrieved
2583:
2571:. Retrieved
2560:
2531:. Retrieved
2517:
2505:. Retrieved
2494:
2472:
2465:. Retrieved
2446:
2436:27 September
2434:. Retrieved
2425:
2398:. Retrieved
2387:
2382:Grubb, Ben.
2377:
2365:. Retrieved
2359:
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2328:The Guardian
2326:
2316:
2294:
2289:
2277:. Retrieved
2273:the original
2259:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2158:AUSCANNZUKUS
2139:(air forces)
1977:(April 2013)
1952:
1942:October 2013
1939:
1935:adding to it
1930:
1907:John Tiltman
1879:
1833:
1814:
1804:
1796:
1788:
1782:
1767:
1765:
1757:
1428:Thomas Drake
1405:US v. Moalin
1380:Jewel v. NSA
1336:Institutions
1234:TRAFFICTHIEF
1012:surveillance
985:
973:
969:
954:
950:West Germany
947:
924:
918:
910:
865:
853:
840:North Island
828:South Island
817:
792:Soviet Union
789:
773:
760:intelligence
755:
751:
749:
734:
700:New Zealand
512:
502:
490:
484:
482:
469:The Guardian
467:
465:
458:
442:
439:
436:
396:
362:
345:
338:
307:
290:Commonwealth
287:
279:Eastern Bloc
271:Soviet Union
268:
256:
252:Commonwealth
228:
218:
194:
163:
152:
145:
134:
122:West Germany
107:
34:
30:
28:
18:
5691:Anglosphere
5488:David Hicks
5060:Legislation
4117:Disclosures
4111:on citizens
3910:. Toronto:
3845:27 December
3801:Der Spiegel
3674:Der Spiegel
3530:Der Spiegel
3497:Der Spiegel
3462:Heinz Heise
3380:22 December
3259:19 December
3225:Opposition.
3151:30 November
2339:28 December
2148:Anglosphere
2132:ABCA Armies
2052:summits in
1790:Der Spiegel
1758:During the
1460:Publication
1438:Thomas Tamm
1370:ACLU v. NSA
1309:Patriot Act
1283:Legislation
1143:Trailblazer
996:Controversy
943:South Korea
868:Middle East
806:New Zealand
681:(CFINTCOM)
582:a.k.a. MI6
472:released a
174:First World
126:Philippines
91:New Zealand
5685:Categories
5637:PacRimWest
4976:Sue v Hill
4765:PacRimWest
4660:Anzac Test
4595:Tasman Sea
4302:Five Eyes
4180:Frenchelon
4010:. Ottawa:
3972:. London:
3878:1895555299
3812:20 October
3508:20 October
3472:20 October
3441:20 October
3406:18 January
3291:30 January
3218:2 February
3184:2 February
3120:2 February
3087:2 February
3028:2 February
2995:30 January
2932:30 January
2876:30 January
2673:20 October
2640:20 October
2573:20 October
2533:20 October
2507:29 October
2467:20 October
2400:21 October
2251:References
1878:heading: "
1876:Top Secret
1433:Mark Klein
1176:Since 2007
1148:Turbulence
1127:Since 2001
1115:Since 1998
1103:Since 1990
1092:ThinThread
1066:Since 1978
886:See also:
844:Tangimoana
776:South Asia
632:Australia
137:STONEGHOST
97:, and the
5696:Espionage
5549:Five Eyes
5464:Incidents
5428:Diplomacy
5007:Five Eyes
4969:Incidents
4909:Diplomacy
4651:(netball)
4543:Five Eyes
4509:Anzac Day
4475:Incidents
4439:Diplomacy
4251:Five Eyes
4192:FETĂmeter
4174:XKeyscore
4139:Reactions
3899:Toronto:
3868:Toronto:
3541:29 August
2367:30 August
2185:Five Eyes
2026:XKeyscore
1637:Five Eyes
1489:Cablegate
1443:Russ Tice
1244:XKeyscore
1224:Main Core
1192:Stateroom
1138:STORMBREW
1109:RAMPART-A
1087:Main Core
939:Singapore
872:Caribbean
780:East Asia
770:Australia
758:) are an
752:Five Eyes
746:Five Eyes
740:Five Eyes
513:Five Eyes
492:STATEROOM
478:Unit 8200
348:Five Eyes
259:Five Eyes
103:Five Eyes
83:Australia
5586:Pine Gap
5116:Treaties
4505:(ANZAC)
4333:Freedoms
4219:Agencies
4194:(Turkey)
4182:(France)
4129:Pre-2013
3959:Archived
3924:454, 455
3872:, 1993,
3839:Archived
3806:Archived
3773:Archived
3739:Archived
3714:Archived
3689:Archived
3666:Archived
3642:Archived
3618:Archived
3594:Archived
3575:10 April
3535:Archived
3502:Archived
3466:Archived
3374:Archived
3341:Archived
3309:Archived
3285:Archived
3253:Archived
3145:Archived
3114:Archived
3081:Archived
3056:20 April
3050:CBC News
3022:Archived
2989:Archived
2926:Archived
2870:Archived
2837:Archived
2758:Archived
2722:BBC News
2696:BBC News
2667:Archived
2634:Archived
2597:Archived
2567:Archived
2528:CTV News
2501:Archived
2474:Zealand.
2461:Archived
2430:Archived
2394:Archived
2333:Archived
2160:(navies)
2096:See also
1580:CYBERCOM
1542:Metadata
1531:Concepts
1364:Lawsuits
1266:MUSCULAR
1239:DISHFIRE
1187:Dropmire
1153:Genoa II
1082:FAIRVIEW
1055:SHAMROCK
1039:Pre-1978
1034:Programs
982:members.
963:such as
952:(1955).
929:sharing
854:Europe,
836:Blenheim
796:Cold War
718:(NZSIS)
521:Country
449:Cold War
398:Time Out
359:CBC News
322:Pine Gap
296:(1952),
243:Cold War
224:, page 5
178:Internet
159:Cold War
81:between
71:yoo-koo-
5610:Related
5225:Related
4619:Related
4529:(SEATO)
4522:N Force
4518:(ANZUS)
4168:ECHELON
4155:Current
4148:Systems
4124:Origins
4051:at the
4003:; 2008.
3942:(1996)
3914:, 2006.
3903:, 1994.
2865:The Age
2843:25 June
2764:25 June
2728:2 April
2702:2 April
2603:25 June
2279:25 June
2056:in 2010
2054:Toronto
1825:Gallery
1483:Related
1271:Tempora
1249:ICREACH
1229:MAINWAY
1214:PINWALE
1197:Bullrun
1133:OAKSTAR
1077:BLARNEY
1050:MINARET
1045:ECHELON
824:Pacific
712:(DDIS)
706:(GCSB)
687:(CSIS)
669:Canada
656:(ASIS)
650:(ASIO)
558:(GCHQ)
505:ECHELON
405:(GCHQ).
381:of the
371:(CSEC).
336:(CIA).
298:Denmark
283:Echelon
184:History
5435:AUSMIN
5269:CANZUK
4691:Soccer
4588:Border
4311:Lustre
4270:People
3999:
3980:
3950:
3930:
3876:
3548:reads.
3347:9 July
2962:
2899:
2305:
2169:CANZUK
1905:, and
1901:, Sir
1537:SIGINT
1219:MARINA
1202:MYSTIC
1060:PROMIS
965:Israel
876:Africa
786:Canada
698:
675:(CSE)
667:
644:(DIO)
638:(ASD)
630:
619:(CIA)
613:(FBI)
607:(DIA)
601:(NSA)
593:
572:a.k.a.
550:
423:(DSD).
389:(NSA).
383:Senate
294:Norway
273:, the
124:, the
112:, the
93:, the
87:Canada
5539:AUKUS
5534:ANZUS
5002:AUKUS
4997:ANZUK
4207:Stasi
4176:(USA)
4170:(USA)
4164:(USA)
4162:PRISM
3191:1977.
2812:(PDF)
2801:(PDF)
2223:Notes
2153:AUKUS
1693:Other
1182:PRISM
1097:Genoa
580:(SIS)
564:(DI)
257:The "
231:BRUSA
35:UKUSA
5706:GCHQ
4738:2013
4733:2008
4728:2000
4296:Laws
4246:DGSE
4241:ASIO
4186:Onyx
4072:35C3
3997:ISBN
3978:ISBN
3948:ISBN
3928:ISBN
3874:ISBN
3847:2013
3814:2013
3781:2017
3577:2016
3543:2013
3510:2013
3474:2013
3443:2013
3408:2014
3382:2013
3349:2014
3293:2014
3261:2013
3220:2014
3186:2014
3153:2013
3122:2014
3089:2014
3058:2021
3030:2014
2997:2014
2960:ISBN
2934:2014
2897:ISBN
2878:2014
2845:2010
2766:2010
2730:2023
2704:2023
2675:2013
2642:2013
2605:2010
2575:2013
2562:Time
2535:2013
2509:2013
2469:2013
2438:2014
2402:2013
2369:2013
2341:2013
2303:ISBN
2281:2010
2089:MIVD
2087:and
2085:AIVD
2070:CSEC
2048:and
2042:CSEC
2007:ISNU
1815:CSIS
1706:DGSE
1687:GCSB
1663:GCHQ
1651:CSEC
1342:FISC
1304:ECPA
1299:FISA
941:and
935:NATO
874:and
778:and
756:FVEY
750:The
574:MI5
444:Time
426:1980
408:1977
392:1976
374:1975
354:1974
164:The
154:Time
29:The
4261:MSS
4256:FSB
4236:CNI
4231:BND
4226:NSA
4042:at
3954:; (
3890:101
3077:NPR
2299:100
2239:or
2050:G20
2022:BND
1991:FRA
1975:NIS
1937:.
1778:MI5
1718:BND
1675:ASD
1630:IAO
1620:DHS
1610:CIA
1600:FBI
1590:DOJ
1570:CSS
842:at
830:at
451:."
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