Murder - Knowledge

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There were 52,260 murders in Brazil, consecutively elevating the record set in 2009. Over half a million people were shot to death in Brazil between 1979 and 2003. 33,335 murder cases were registered across India, approximately 17,000 murders in Colombia (the murder rate was 38 per 100,000 people, in 2008 murders went down to 15,000), approximately 16,000 murders in South Africa, approximately 15,000 murders in the United States, approximately 26,000 murders in Mexico, about 8,000 murders committed in Russia, approximately 13,000 murders in Venezuela, approximately 4,000 murders in El Salvador, approximately 1,400 murders in Jamaica, approximately 550 murders in Canada and approximately 470 murders in Trinidad and Tobago. Pakistan reported 12,580 murders.

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rape or sex offense, robbery, kidnapping, burglary, or other felony committed or attempted with the use of a deadly weapon, shall be ... murder in the first degree ... and shall be punished by death or life imprisonment ... except that any person ... under 17 years of age at the time of the murder shall be punished with imprisonment ... for life. All other kinds of murder, including that which shall be proximately caused by the unlawful distribution of opium or any synthetic or natural salt, compound, derivative, or the preparation of opium ... cause the death of the user, shall be ... murder in the second degree and ... shall be punished as a Class C felony

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period from 1972 to 1994, before falling to 5 in present times. The increase since 1957 would have been even greater if not for the significant improvements in medical techniques and emergency response times, which mean that more and more attempted homicide victims survive. According to one estimate, if the lethality levels of criminal assaults of 1964 still applied in 1993, the country would have seen the murder rate of around 26 per 100,000, almost triple the actually observed rate of 9.5 per 100,000.

2973: 2499:§ 40.15 Mental disease or defect. In any prosecution for an offense, it is an affirmative defence that when the defendant engaged in the proscribed conduct, he lacked criminal responsibility by reason of mental disease or defect. Such lack of criminal responsibility means that at the time of such conduct, as a result of mental disease or defect, he lacked substantial capacity to know or appreciate either: 1. The nature and consequences of such conduct; or 2. That such conduct was wrong. 9274: 10013: 9283: 9150: 3463:'s Supplementary Homicide Report indicated that nearly half of the 14,990 murder victims that year were black (7421). In the year 2007, there were 3,221 black victims and 3,587 white victims of non-negligent homicides. While 2,905 of the black victims were killed by a black offender, 2,918 of the white victims were killed by white offenders. There were 566 white victims of black offenders and 245 black victims of white offenders. The "white" category in the 9160: 3424: 113: 3311: 2183:) is maintained; when differentiating between murder and manslaughter, the only relevant factor is the existence or not of premeditation (rather than the existence or not of mitigating or aggravated factors). Manslaughter (non-premeditated intentional killing) with aggravating factors is punished more severely, but it is not classified as murder, because murder is an offense which always requires premeditation. 3354:. Since most murders are committed by young males, the near simultaneous low in the murder rates of major developed countries circa 1960 can be attributed to low birth rates during the Great Depression and World War II. Causes of further moves are more controversial. Some of the more exotic factors claimed to affect murder rates include the availability of abortion and the likelihood of chronic exposure to 2562:, infanticide was made a separate crime from murder in 1949, applicable for the mother of a baby under one year old where "the balance of her mind was disturbed by reason of her not having fully recovered from the effect of giving birth to the child or by reason of the effect of lactation consequent upon the birth of the child". Since independence, death sentences for murder in such cases had always been 3440: 3385: 2249:: acting in self-defense or in defense of another person is generally accepted as legal justification for killing a person in situations that would otherwise have been murder. However, a self-defense killing might be considered manslaughter if the killer established control of the situation before the killing took place, such as 2053:(literally 'assassination'): takes place when any of these requirements concur: Treachery (the use of means to avoid risk for the aggressor or to ensure that the crime goes unpunished), price or reward (financial gain) or viciousness (deliberately increasing the pain of the victim). After the last reform of the 4496:

Murder in the First and Second Degree (14–17) A murder which shall be perpetrated by ... poison, lying in wait, imprisonment, starving, torture, or by any other kind of willful, deliberate and premeditated killing or which shall be committed in the perpetration or attempted perpetration of any arson,

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reported in October 2002 that a person is murdered every 60 seconds. An estimated 520,000 people were murdered in 2000 around the globe. Another study estimated the worldwide murder rate at 456,300 in 2010 with a 35% increase since 1990. Two-fifths of them were young people between the ages of 10 and

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A person who, at the time he acted, was suffering from a psychological or neuropsychological disorder which reduced his discernment or impeded his ability to control his actions, remains punishable; however, the court shall take this into account when it decides the penalty and determines its regime.

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In the United States, 666,160 people were killed between 1960 and 1996. Approximately 90% of murders in the US are committed by males. Between 1976 and 2005, 23.5% of all murder victims and 64.8% of victims murdered by intimate partners were female. For women in the US, homicide is the leading cause

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homicide (art. 222-7 French penal code, art. 584 Italian penal code, art. 227 German penal code etc.). Felony murder contrasts with the principle of guilt, for which in England it was, at least formally, abolished in 1957, in Canada it was quashed by the Supreme Court, while in the USA it continues

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killing, but manslaughter also includes criminally negligent (i.e. grossly negligent) homicide. Unintentional killing that results from an involuntary action generally cannot constitute murder. After examining the evidence, a judge or jury (depending on the jurisdiction) would determine whether the

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and the solemn words of the judge pronouncing sentence of death in those cases ... where it is clear to the Court and to everybody, except perhaps the unfortunate accused, that the sentence will never be carried out." In Russia, murder of a newborn child by the mother has been a separate crime since

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As with most legal terms, the precise definition of murder varies between jurisdictions and is usually codified in some form of legislation. Even when the legal distinction between murder and manslaughter is clear, it is not unknown for a jury to find a murder defendant guilty of the lesser offense.

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The following absolute murder counts per-country are not comparable because they are not adjusted by each country's total population. Nonetheless, they are included here for reference, with 2010 used as the base year (they may or may not include justifiable homicide, depending on the jurisdiction).

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The potential effect of fully abolishing the rule can be seen in the case of 74-year-old William Barnes, charged with the murder of a Philadelphia police officer Walter T. Barclay Jr., who he had shot nearly 41 years previously. Barnes had served 16 years in prison for attempting to murder Barkley,

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in some common law jurisdictions broadens the crime of murder: when an offender kills in the commission of a dangerous crime, (regardless of intent), he or she is guilty of murder. The felony murder rule is often justified by its supporters as a means of preventing dangerous felonies, but the case

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In the United States, in most states and in federal jurisdiction, a killing by a police officer is excluded from prosecution if the officer reasonably believes they are being threatened with deadly force by the victim. This may include such actions by the victim as reaching into a glove compartment

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Under state of mind (iii), an "abandoned and malignant heart", the killing must result from the defendant's conduct involving a reckless indifference to human life and a conscious disregard of an unreasonable risk of death or serious bodily injury. In Australian jurisdictions, the unreasonable risk

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in 1994 as not requiring any proof of the viability of the fetus as a prerequisite to a murder conviction. This holding has two implications. Firstly, a defendant in California can be convicted of murder for killing a fetus which the mother herself could have terminated without committing a crime.

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The most common division is between first- and second-degree murder. Generally, second-degree murder is common law murder, and first-degree is an aggravated form. The aggravating factors of first-degree murder depend on the jurisdiction, but may include a specific intent to kill, premeditation, or

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In the United States, murder rates have been higher and have fluctuated. They fell below 2 per 100,000 by 1900, rose during the first half of the century, dropped in the years following World War II, and bottomed out at 4.0 in 1957 before rising again. The rate stayed in 9 to 10 range most of the

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of wrongfully and intentionally causing the death of another human being (also known as murder) after rationally considering the timing or method of doing so, in order to either increase the likelihood of success, or to evade detection or apprehension. State laws in the United States vary as to

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carried its everyday meaning – a deliberate and premeditated (prior intent) killing of another motivated by ill will. Murder necessarily required that an appreciable time pass between the formation and execution of the intent to kill. The courts broadened the scope of murder by eliminating the

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A similar, but less pronounced pattern has been seen in major European countries as well. The murder rate in the United Kingdom fell to 1 per 100,000 by the beginning of the 20th century and as low as 0.62 per 100,000 in 1960, and was at 1.28 per 100,000 as of 2009. The murder rate in France

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or instrument against the victim, such use authorises a permissive inference of intent to kill. Examples of deadly weapons and instruments include but are not limited to guns, knives, deadly toxins or chemicals or gases and even vehicles when intentionally used to harm one or more victims.

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was effectively imposed in the late 1960s. This fact has been used to argue that capital punishment serves as a deterrent and, as such, it is morally justified. Capital punishment opponents frequently counter that the United States has much higher murder rates than Canada and most

2558:. According to Susan Friedman, "Two dozen nations have infanticide laws that decrease the penalty for mothers who kill their children of up to one year of age. The United States does not have such a law, but mentally ill mothers may plead not guilty by reason of insanity." In the 2140:

definitions of "premeditation". In some states, premeditation may be construed as taking place mere seconds before the murder. Premeditated murder is one of the most serious forms of homicide, and is punished more severely than manslaughter or other types of homicide, often with a

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For a killing to be considered murder in nine out of fifty states in the US, there normally needs to be an element of intent. A defendant may argue that they took precautions not to kill, that the death could not have been anticipated, or was unavoidable. As a general rule,

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In the United States, many jurisdictions have abolished the rule as well. Abolition of the rule has been accomplished by enactment of statutory criminal codes, which had the effect of displacing the common-law definitions of crimes and corresponding defenses. In 2001 the

7145: 6510:"A report of the trial of Arthur Hodge, Esquire, (late one of the members of His Majesty's Council for the Virgin-Islands) at the island of Tortola, on the 25th April, 1811, and adjourned to the 29th of the same month, for the murder of his Negro man slave named Prosper" 1984:, murder requires the mental element known as malice aforethought. Mitigating factors that weigh against a finding of intent to kill, such as "loss of control" or "diminished responsibility", may result in the reduction of a murder charge to voluntary manslaughter. 3349:

The specific factors driving these dynamics in murder rates are complex and not universally agreed upon. Much of the raise in the U.S. murder rate during the first half of the 20th century is generally thought to be attributed to gang violence associated with

2411:. This means that a person may be found guilty of "manslaughter" on the basis of "diminished responsibility" rather than being found guilty of murder, if it can be proved that the killer was suffering from a condition that affected their judgment at the time. 2737:, but is not classified into degrees. Penalties for murder committed under aggravating circumstances are often higher under English law than the 15-year minimum non-parole period that otherwise serves as a starting point for a murder committed by an adult. 3104:"That is why We ordained for the Children of Israel that whoever takes a life—unless as a punishment for murder or mischief in the land—it will be as if they killed all of humanity; and whoever saves a life, it will be as if they saved all of humanity." 2464:

are not legally considered insanity. In some jurisdictions, following the pre-trial hearing to determine the extent of the disorder, the defense of "not guilty by reason of insanity" may be used to get a not guilty verdict. This defense has two elements:

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With advances in modern medicine, most countries have abandoned a fixed time period and test causation on the facts of the case. This is known as "delayed death" and cases where this was applied or was attempted to be applied go back to at least 1966.

3485:. Using properly filtered data, it is possible to make the case for or against either of these issues. For example, one could look at murder rates in the United States from 1950 to 2000, and notice that those rates went up sharply shortly after a 3008:

1956: 195) This statement is true for most African tribes, for pre-modern Europeans, for Indigenous Australians, and for Native Americans, according to ethnographic reports from all over the world. ... Homicides rise to incredible numbers among

2205:, that is, an act which is evil within itself. An act such as murder is wrong or evil by its very nature, and it is the very nature of the act which does not require any specific detailing or definition in the law to consider murder a crime. 3017:. When a boy is born, the father has to kill a man. He needs a name for his child and can receive it only by a man, he himself has murdered. When a man wants to marry, he must kill a man. When a man dies, his family again has to kill a man. 2348:), committed frequently by a husband, father or male relative of the victim, is not considered murder; it may not be considered a criminal act or it may be considered a criminal offense other than murder. International law, including the 2234:

The killing of enemy combatants who have not surrendered, when committed by lawful combatants in accordance with lawful orders in war, is generally not considered murder. Illicit killings within a war may constitute murder or homicidal

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case law or previous decisions of the courts of law. However, although the common law is by nature flexible and adaptable, in the interests both of certainty and of securing convictions, most common law jurisdictions have

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requirement of actual premeditation and deliberation as well as true malice. All that was required for malice aforethought to exist is that the perpetrator act with one of the four states of mind that constitutes "malice".

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The felony-murder reflects the versari in re illicita: the offender is objectively responsible for the event of the unintentional crime; in fact the figure of the civil law systems corresponding to felony murder is the

3107:"˹They are˺ those who do not invoke any other god besides Allah, nor take a ˹human˺ life—made sacred by Allah—except with ˹legal˺ right, nor commit fornication. And whoever does ˹any of˺ this will face the penalty." 5016: 2617:. Afterward, California amended its penal code to provide "As a matter of public policy there shall be no defense of diminished capacity, diminished responsibility, or irresistible impulse in a criminal action...." 3930:("The killing of another person without justification or excuse, especially the crime of killing a person with malice aforethought or with recklessness manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life.") 4999: 3821:

recognizes a fetus as a legal victim if injured or killed during the commission of certain federal crimes. This law applies to federal jurisdictions and certain crimes but excludes legal abortions and medical

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Those who successfully argue a defense based on a mental disorder are usually referred to mandatory clinical treatment until they are certified safe to be released back into the community, rather than prison.

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is a partial defense to a charge of murder which acts by converting what would otherwise have been murder into manslaughter (this is voluntary manslaughter, which is more severe than involuntary manslaughter).

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classifies murder as either first- or second-degree. The former type of murder is often called premeditated murder, although premeditation is not the only way murder can be classified as first-degree. In the

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but when the policeman died on August 19, 2007, this was alleged to be from complications of the wounds suffered from the shooting – and Barnes was charged with his murder. He was acquitted on May 24, 2010.

7120: 1937:– the total and irreversible cessation of blood circulation and respiration. With advances in medical technology courts have adopted irreversible cessation of all brain function as marking the end of life. 1847:

of murder in a court of law. After arrest, for example, journalists may instead write that the person was "arrested on suspicion of murder", or, after a prosecutor files charges, as an "accused murderer".

3400:, around 4.5 in 2014, with rates in larger cities sometimes over 40 per 100,000. The top ten highest murder rates are in Honduras (91.6 per 100,000), El Salvador, Ivory Coast, Venezuela, Belize, Jamaica, 2037:

Under state of mind (iv), the felony-murder doctrine, the felony committed must be an inherently dangerous felony, such as burglary, arson, rape, robbery or kidnapping. Importantly, the underlying felony

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A person is not criminally liable who, when the act was committed, was suffering from a psychological or neuropsychological disorder which destroyed his discernment or his ability to control his actions.

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in his dissent, because women carrying nonviable fetuses may not be visibly pregnant, it may be possible for a defendant to be convicted of intentionally murdering a person they did not know existed.

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in the past few decades, the fraction of murders solved has decreased in the United States, from 90% in 1960 to 61% in 2007. Solved murder rates in major U.S. cities varied in 2007 from 36% in

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from Sudan: "Homicide is not forbidden, and Nuer do not think it wrong to kill a man in fair fight. On the contrary, a man who slays another in combat is admired for his courage and skill." (

4160: 3396:, Iceland, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Germany are among the lowest in the world, around 0.3–1 cases per 100,000 people per year; the rate of the United States is among the highest of 7204: 7238: 5134: 7502: 6801: 5277:"2011 California Code :: Penal Code :: PART 1. OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS [25 - 680] :: TITLE 1. OF PERSONS LIABLE TO PUNISHMENT FOR CRIME :: Section 28" 2315:

Killing to prevent the theft of one's property may be legal under certain circumstances, depending on the jurisdiction. In 2013, a jury in south Texas acquitted a man who killed a

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All jurisdictions require that the victim be a natural person; that is, a human being who was still alive before being murdered. In other words, under the law one cannot murder a

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This element presents the issue of when life begins. At common law, a fetus was not a human being. Life began when the fetus passed through the vagina and took its first breath.

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when a person, of sound memory and discretion, unlawfully kills any reasonable creature in being and under the king's peace, with malice aforethought, either express or implied.

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Accidental killings are considered homicides. Depending on the circumstances, these may or may not be considered criminal offenses; they are often considered manslaughter.

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Friedman, SH. "Commentary: Postpartum Psychosis, Infanticide, and Insanity Implications for Forensic Psychiatry", J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 40:3:326-332 (September 2012).

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was a social code that required Corsicans to kill anyone who wronged their family honor. Between 1821 and 1852, no fewer than 4,300 murders were perpetrated in Corsica.

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Most societies consider murder to be an extremely serious crime, and thus believe that a person convicted of murder should receive harsh punishments for the purposes of

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are associated with an increased homicide rate, most notably narcissistic, anti-social, and histrionic personality disorders and those associated with psychopathology.

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That the defendant's mental condition, at the time of the killing, rendered the perpetrator unable to determine right from wrong, or that what they were doing was wrong

4692: 5422: 3744: 5916: 2124:, but they differ significantly in which kinds of murders they classify as second-degree versus third-degree. For example, Minnesota defines third-degree murder as 7116: 6860: 4479: 2069:, or in the case of a bullied victim who kills their tormentor), and the jury may wish to protect the defendant from a sentence of life imprisonment or execution. 6752: 3322:

per 100,000 in Europe have fallen over the centuries, from 35 per 100,000 in medieval times, to 20 in 1500 AD, 5 in 1700, to below two per 100,000 in 1900.

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after the attack. This reflects the likelihood that if the victim dies, other factors will have contributed to the cause of death, breaking the chain of

2360:) prohibits these types of killings (see Article 42 – Unacceptable justifications for crimes, including crimes committed in the name of so-called honor). 2166:) criminalizes premeditated murder, felony murder and second-degree murder committed under situations where federal jurisdiction applies. In Canada, the 6921: 3475:, which has resulted in reduced lethality of violent assaults – thus the murder rate may not necessarily indicate the overall level of social violence. 7173: 6724:

Harris, Anthony R.; Stephen H. Thomas; Gene A. Fisher; David J. Hirsch (May 2002). "Murder and medicine: the lethality of criminal assault 1960–1999".

6639: 3537:) tends to be relatively high for murder compared to other crimes, due to its seriousness. In the United States, the clearance rate was 62.6% in 2004. 2887:

Morall takes a biological view of offending when he insists the risk factors that may increase the chance that somebody will commit a murder include:

6609: 3377:, murder rates in most countries have declined significantly during the 20th century and are now between 1 and 4 cases per 100,000 people per year. 6947: 1963:

was considered murder. The requirement that the person killed be someone other than the perpetrator excluded suicide from the definition of murder.

5505: 3435:, Finland is the most famous unsolved homicide case in Finnish criminal history. The tent is investigated immediately after the murders in 1960. 5989: 5276: 4341: 4273: 3244: 2282:: some countries practice the death penalty. Capital punishment may be ordered by a legitimate court of law as the result of a conviction in a 7197: 5866: 5199: 5169: 6830: 5837: 4199: 2827: 7231: 4230: 8807: 6375: 5467: 4869: 7506: 5126: 5032:

by the demand of the public authority, but the prefect systematically use that procedure whenever a man is discharged due to his dementia.

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The longstanding official deference to the viewpoint of police officers is enshrined in the laws of some states and Supreme Court rulings.

6793: 4405: 7091: 3341:. The rate has declined greatly: from 45/100,000 to a low of 0.6 in the 1950s. The last decades have seen the homicide rate rise slowly. 3298:

29 who were killed by other young people. Because murder is the least likely crime to go unreported, statistics of murder are seen as a

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Development of murder rates over time in different countries is often used by both supporters and opponents of capital punishment and

3155:, the goddess of death and destruction. According to some estimates the Thuggees murdered 1 million people between 1740 and 1840. The 5800: 5769: 2807: 2795:; and also means that the responsible person does not have a charge of murder "hanging over their head indefinitely". Subject to any 7485: 6667: 2333:– killing of attacker by the potential victim or by witnesses to the scene; legal in parts of the US and in various other countries. 9196: 5392: 2269:

Suicide does not constitute murder in most societies. Assisting a suicide, however, may be considered murder in some circumstances.

7455: 7363: 10043: 8139: 7422: 5727: 4057: 3521:. Major factors affecting the arrest rate include witness cooperation and the number of people assigned to investigate the case. 3486: 2322:

Killing an intruder who is found by an owner to be in the owner's home (having entered unlawfully): legal in most US states (see

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Reckless indifference to an unjustifiably high risk to human life (sometimes described as an "abandoned and malignant heart"), or

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Some jurisdictions still take a common law view of murder. In such jurisdictions, what is considered to be murder is defined by

6699: 3884: 3818: 3498:, and on average, the influence of both these factors may not be significant and could be more social, economic, and cultural. 2734: 2304:

patient, if the intention is solely to alleviate pain, in many jurisdictions it is seen as a special case (see the doctrine of

1074: 5934: 8200: 8164: 7661: 7294: 6977: 6564: 6493: 6466: 6359: 6290: 6208: 6181: 5737: 5693: 4863: 4728: 4608: 4310: 4088: 3346:(excluding Corsica) bottomed out after World War II at less than 0.4 per 100,000, quadrupling to 1.6 per 100,000 since then. 2092:

Some jurisdictions divide murder by degrees. The distinction between first- and second-degree murder exists, for example, in

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Rattigan, Clíona (January 2008). "'Done to death by father or relatives': Irish families and infanticide cases, 1922–1950".

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held that retroactive application of a state supreme court decision abolishing the year-and-a-day rule did not violate the

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This distinguishes murder from killings that are done within the boundaries of law, such as capital punishment, justified

8436: 5912: 3381:, the region with the highest murder rate in the world, experienced more than 2.5 million murders between 2000 and 2017. 2061:) into assassination is the desire to facilitate the commission of another crime or to prevent it from being discovered. 1885: 6852: 5657: 8169: 7622: 6759: 5683: 3976: 3852: 2819: 2810:. However, if death occurs three years or more after the original attack then prosecution can take place only with the 2441: 2364:

or pocket for license and registration, if the officer reasonably believes that the victim might be reaching for a gun.

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Multiple murders committed within one criminal transaction or in different transactions as part of one broader scheme

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must amount to a foreseen probability of death (or grievous bodily harm in most states), as opposed to possibility.

1739:"homicide, murder; murderer". There was a third word for "murder" in Proto-Germanic, continuing Proto-Indo-European 9873: 9795: 3630: 3370: 3351: 710: 474: 7060: 7036: 6882: 4118: 2700:, which occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of their perceived membership in a certain social group. 8672: 8124: 7814: 7786: 4541: 4508: 3460: 3378: 2874:

The murderer seeks to kill a loathed person (such as an abusive parent) or members of a loathed group or culture.

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This is "malice" in a technical legal sense, not the more usual English sense denoting an emotional state. See

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males aged 15 to 34. Between 1976 and 2008, African Americans were victims of 329,825 homicides. In 2006, the

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Although laws vary by country, there are circumstances of exclusion that are common in many legal systems.

1696: 1623:. This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful 1263: 1031: 940: 9991: 9976: 3478:

Workplace homicide, which tripled during the 1980s, is the fastest growing category of murder in America.

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countries, although all those countries have abolished the death penalty. Overall, the global pattern is

2554:(also known as post-natal depression) is recognized in some countries as a mitigating factor in cases of 2391: 2078: 1315: 7639: 5331: 3679: 2799:, the accused could still be charged with an offense reflecting the seriousness of the initial assault. 10003: 9558: 9299: 5594: 5344: 3784: 1067: 630: 278: 5490: 1727:"secret or unlawful killing of a person, murder; mortal sin, crime; punishment, torment, misery"; and 10058: 8521: 8391: 5618: 3294: 2513: 2420: 2153: 2132:(except when the underlying felony is specifically listed in the definition of first-degree murder). 1823: 1672: 1384: 924: 72: 38: 6943: 5858: 5284: 1679:. In most countries, a person convicted of murder generally receives a long-term prison sentence, a 5829: 5207: 5177: 4448: 4432: 3556: 2927: 2533: 2377:, a corporation, a non-human animal, or any other non-human organism such as a plant or bacterium. 1992: 1650: 1616: 971: 194: 6822: 6173: 5400: 3842: 2175:, the traditional strict distinction between premeditated intentional killing (classed as murder, 9673: 9182: 8999: 8994: 8922: 8844: 8129: 6127:[Correlation between homicide rates and economic indicators in São Paulo, Brazil, 1996]. 5459: 5155: 4465: 4452: 4436: 4224: 4182: 3759: 3669: 3568: 2563: 2456:, and excuse the person from the need to undergo the stress of a trial as to liability. Usually, 2043: 789: 65: 6379: 4883: 4851: 2996:. In the past, certain types of homicide were lawful and justified. Georg Oesterdiekhoff wrote: 10048: 9981: 9785: 9775: 9398: 9273: 9034: 8927: 8667: 8573: 8538: 8159: 7970: 7886: 5445: 5370: 5298: 5029: 4141: 3674: 3645: 3530: 3216: 2921: 2796: 2629:

is often punished more harshly. Depending on the jurisdiction, such circumstances may include:

2357: 2250: 2167: 1934: 1638: 1576: 1320: 1285: 961: 700: 690: 376: 225: 174: 127: 7521: 6532: 6456: 6198: 6063: 4821:"Assembly, No. 159, State of New Jersey, 213th Legislature, The "New Jersey Self Defense Law"" 4402: 3355: 1809:(attested up to the 19th century) springs directly from the Old English forms. Middle English 9770: 9533: 8917: 8839: 8652: 8548: 8484: 8449: 8087: 7893: 7861: 7581: 6483: 6102: 6094: 5896: 5757: 5357: 3764: 3754: 3724: 3610: 3464: 3005: 2730: 2551: 2461: 2384: 2246: 2125: 2093: 2054: 1712:, in fact, had two nouns derived from this word, later merging into the modern English noun: 1233: 1149: 1060: 981: 685: 605: 7690: 6420: 5577: 3998: 3249: 2842:

According to Peter Morrall, the motivations for murder fit into the following 4 categories:

9863: 9780: 9765: 9659: 9029: 8882: 8771: 8733: 8723: 8489: 7856: 7720: 6509: 6016: 5315: 4820: 4750: 4653: 4570: 4444: 4428: 3774: 3769: 3734: 3729: 3704: 3684: 3650: 3514: 3212: 3095: 2945: 2726: 2710: 2390:, expressly mentioned a fetus as being capable of being killed, and was interpreted by the 1999: 1379: 1198: 775: 695: 680: 464: 7780: 2956: 2077:"Murder in the second degree" and "Premeditated murder" redirect here. For the album, see 8: 9953: 9329: 9217: 9089: 8954: 8254: 7995: 7975: 7955: 7918: 7807: 7775: 7350: 7142:"Information on the death of the population of causes of death in the Russian Federation" 6903:

Table 1, Crime in the United States by Volume and Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants, 1995–2014

5887: 3714: 3709: 3694: 3401: 3397: 3072: 3057: 2788: 2778: 2718: 2685:

Methods which are dangerous to the public e.g. explosion, arson, shooting in a crowd etc.

2598: 2480: 2423:

are examples of conditions that may be taken into account when assessing responsibility.

2412: 2387: 2349: 2260: 2084: 1971: 1664: 1646: 1642: 1620: 1347: 1134: 1112: 919: 307: 259: 189: 179: 7172:(in Spanish). Programa Venezolano de Educación-Acción en Derechos Humanos. p. 397. 6020: 3329: 3163:

would withdraw his support for them and destroy the world as they knew it. According to

3025:, although there might also be a form of payment that could be made instead—such as the 2407:

Some countries allow conditions that "affect the balance of the mind" to be regarded as

9878: 9858: 9823: 9813: 9431: 9412: 9344: 9253: 9135: 9039: 8979: 8939: 8887: 8819: 8791: 8703: 8657: 8249: 7881: 7851: 7447: 7367: 6587: 6251: 6226: 6079: 6039: 6004: 5983: 5899: 5245: 5108: 5056: 4335: 4267: 3965: 3779: 3739: 3719: 3689: 3640: 3625: 3589: 3428: 3211:

charged the defendant with murdering his own slave. In 1811, the wealthy white planter

2985: 2894:, the primary male sex hormone, is correlated with competitive and assertive behaviour. 2746: 2694:

Murder committed in order to obtain material gain, for example to obtain an inheritance

2585: 2436: 2279: 2214: 2149: 2046:

such as assault, otherwise all criminal homicides would be murder as all are felonies.

1876: 1684: 1668: 1364: 1330: 1325: 1290: 1238: 1228: 1154: 1023: 840: 830: 479: 459: 411: 392: 322: 219: 7414: 5531: 4049: 2120:

are also treated as first-degree murder. A few states in the U.S. further distinguish

10053: 9883: 9719: 9374: 9339: 8907: 8902: 8746: 8728: 8361: 8349: 7618: 7597: 7550: 7533: 7319: 6776: 6489: 6462: 6355: 6286: 6204: 6177: 6146: 6044: 5969: 5733: 5689: 5112: 5100: 4859: 4724: 4306: 4253: 3972: 3912: 3848: 3605: 2823: 2722: 2626: 2408: 2353: 2309: 2291: 2141: 1920: 1784: 1680: 1569: 1193: 1174: 1169: 1002: 976: 861: 484: 352: 317: 95: 6723: 6691: 6664:

A History of Murder: Personal Violence in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Present

6141: 6124: 5913:"Shooter acquitted of murder charge in 1966 shooting of Philadelphia police officer" 5801:"Will John Hinckley Jr. Face Murder Charges for the 'Delayed Death' of James Brady?" 4631: 3876: 2162: 9939: 9645: 9583: 9478: 9163: 9116: 9014: 8829: 8824: 8781: 8558: 8553: 8339: 8205: 8195: 8097: 8082: 8067: 8018: 7871: 7770: 6733: 6243: 6239: 6169: 6136: 6075: 6034: 6024: 5237: 5092: 3551: 3456: 3061: 3041: 3030: 2847: 2811: 2671: 2492: 2432: 2066: 1843:

are generally careful not to identify a suspect as a murderer until the suspect is

1676: 1600: 1547: 1532: 1359: 1144: 1139: 1124: 951: 909: 904: 761: 655: 550: 245: 7665: 7287: 7092:"Crime in the United States by Volume and Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants, 1991–2010" 6969: 6554: 6123:

Barata, Rita Barradas; Ribeiro, Manoel Carlos Sampaio de Almeida (February 2000).

5013:"Code de la Santé Publique Chapitre III: Hospitalisation d'office Article L3213-1" 4600: 4080: 4023: 10038: 10033: 9913: 9839: 9513: 9419: 9319: 9248: 9104: 9069: 9019: 8974: 8949: 8588: 8459: 8318: 8190: 8185: 8102: 8052: 8045: 8033: 7943: 7757: 7593: 7588: 7528: 7346: 6674: 6539: 6029: 5710: 5263: 5096: 4974: 4409: 4356: 4298: 4005: 3906: 3749: 3184: 3172: 3160: 2792: 2765: 2605:

used this defense to obtain a manslaughter conviction, instead of murder, in the

2323: 1791: 1295: 1186: 1181: 895: 585: 514: 440: 399: 297: 235: 165: 150: 6998: 6737: 6325: 4967: 3866:("The unlawful killing of another human being without justification or excuse.") 2951:

Several studies have shown that there is a correlation between murder rates and

2705: 2691:

Murder committed in order to conceal another crime or facilitate its commission.

9923: 9918: 9888: 9710: 9404: 9258: 9153: 8877: 8708: 8469: 8404: 8237: 8215: 8092: 8040: 7800: 7388: 6247: 6106: 6064:"Poverty, Inequality, and City Homicide Rates. Some Not So Unexpected Findings" 4884:"Introduction - Preliminary Examination of so-called honour killings in canada" 4858:. University of Minnesota: University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. 2015. 4423: 3655: 3595: 3534: 3491: 3444: 3359: 3319: 3140: 3128: 3065: 2677: 2650: 2610: 2504: 2330: 2301: 2300:, doctor-assisted suicide: the administration of lethal drugs by a doctor to a 2283: 2101: 1944: 1770: 1709: 1612: 1280: 1275: 1253: 1007: 965: 524: 519: 489: 382: 8610: 7035:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal. p. 20. Archived from 6224:

Shah, Sayed Sikandar (January 1999). "Homicide in Islam: Major Legal Themes".

6125:"Relação entre homicídios e indicadores econômicos em São Paulo, Brasil, 1996" 3101:"Do not take a ˹human˺ life—made sacred by Allah—except with ˹legal˺ right." 1656:, where it is recognized, is a killing that lacks all but the most attenuated 10027: 9655: 9553: 9359: 9309: 8912: 8897: 8854: 8812: 8766: 8600: 8578: 8454: 8421: 8313: 8288: 5104: 3585: 3581: 3510: 3374: 3075: 3068: 3045: 2972: 2911: 2639: 2449: 2345: 2305: 2129: 2117: 2109: 2026: 2013: 1924: 1505: 1258: 1223: 1218: 1164: 1119: 771: 625: 337: 287: 79: 3040:

One of the oldest-known prohibitions against murder appears in the Sumerian

2336:

In some countries, the killing for what are considered reasons connected to

9963: 9898: 9503: 9394: 9379: 9128: 9009: 8892: 8776: 8693: 8617: 8605: 8464: 8371: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8226: 8077: 8057: 8000: 7985: 7876: 6150: 6048: 3844:

West's Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 7 (Legal Representation to Oyez)

3805: 3600: 3495: 2933: 2915: 2891: 2644: 2581: 2484: 2396: 2337: 1981: 1912: 1860: 1632: 1628: 1400: 1306: 1270: 1248: 1129: 1012: 575: 499: 372: 357: 269: 120: 9986: 2852:

The murderer seeks to kill rivals to obtain objects of their sexual desire

9667: 9663: 9573: 9324: 9238: 9084: 9079: 9049: 9004: 8984: 8969: 8964: 8944: 8861: 8786: 8756: 8713: 8543: 8426: 8062: 8028: 7960: 7938: 7933: 7923: 7771:

Introduction and Updated Information on the Seville Statement on Violence

6678: 4927:"Is a Police Shooting a Crime? It Depends on the Officer's Point of View" 3620: 3615: 3482: 3472: 3447:. More than 800,000 people were murdered in Brazil between 1980 and 2004. 3338: 3204: 3164: 3120: 3048:. The code states, "If a man commits a murder, that man must be killed." 3010: 3001: 2697: 2614: 2555: 2287: 2240: 2201: 2172: 2057:, in force since July 1, 2015, another circumstance that turns homicide ( 1880: 1840: 1721: 1552: 1490: 1433: 1428: 1213: 1203: 1027: 783: 779: 645: 302: 231: 155: 7320:"The Lake Bodom Murders: Finland's Most Famous Unsolved Triple Homicide" 3215:

was hanged for murdering several of his slaves on his plantation in the

2566:; the new act was intended "to eliminate all the terrible ritual of the 10017: 9958: 9744: 9625: 9620: 9498: 9384: 9364: 9354: 9334: 9288: 9263: 9233: 9054: 9024: 8989: 8959: 8932: 8834: 8662: 8622: 8474: 8431: 8409: 8376: 8072: 7990: 7948: 7928: 7838: 6753:"American Homicide Supplemental Volume (AHSV), European Homicides (EH)" 6255: 6005:"Is poverty the mother of crime? Evidence from homicide rates in China" 5249: 4110: 3635: 3561: 3518: 3299: 3022: 3014: 2905: 2862: 2856: 2787:

accused of murder is not guilty if the victim survives for longer than

2757: 2656: 2380: 2316: 2297: 2256:

Unlawful killings without malice or intent are considered manslaughter.

2192: 1890: 1836: 1777: 1510: 1450: 1445: 1410: 1405: 1369: 1048: 934: 886: 741: 736: 570: 362: 342: 332: 312: 264: 184: 137: 3021:

In many such societies the redress was not via a legal system, but by

9928: 9908: 9893: 9828: 9734: 9729: 9698: 9688: 9650: 9588: 9568: 9508: 9483: 9099: 9094: 9059: 8849: 8741: 8526: 8479: 8416: 8381: 8356: 8232: 7913: 7908: 7340:

BRAZIL: Youth Still in Trouble, Despite Plethora of Social Programmes

3502: 3393: 3334: 3091: 2937: 2898: 2806:

In England and Wales, the "year-and-a-day rule" was abolished by the

2784: 2602: 2567: 2470: 2445: 2253:. In the case of self-defense, it is called a "justifiable homicide". 2236: 2209: 2135:

Some jurisdictions also distinguish premeditated murder. This is the

2113: 1916: 1844: 1557: 1520: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1440: 1415: 1374: 1243: 1159: 876: 871: 845: 814: 804: 766: 660: 640: 580: 555: 529: 509: 494: 10012: 9282: 8677: 7468:

Chapter 6, Responding to Workplace Violence and Staff Victimization.

7263:"Police-reported crime for selected offences, Canada, 2009 and 2010" 5241: 4751:"Man Kills Suspected Intruders While Protecting Neighbor's Property" 3423: 3373:

vary greatly among countries and societies around the world. In the

2664:

Murder of a police officer, judge, firefighter or witness to a crime

9848: 9818: 9739: 9683: 9635: 9610: 9592: 9528: 9493: 9464: 9446: 9441: 9424: 9389: 9369: 9074: 9044: 8595: 8583: 8516: 8344: 8013: 7980: 7866: 7846: 6559: 6164:

Schimmel, Solomon (2008). "Envy in Jewish Thought and Literature".

3026: 2993: 2878: 2752: 2597:

In jurisdictions using the Uniform Penal Code, such as California,

2453: 1864: 1852: 1657: 1624: 1537: 1527: 1515: 1500: 1474: 1423: 1208: 1095: 997: 929: 881: 835: 799: 751: 726: 664: 600: 565: 449: 426: 421: 404: 367: 347: 144: 4898:""Honour" Killings in Yemen: Tribal Tradition and the Law - Daraj" 2717:

In the United States and Canada, these murders are referred to as

9948: 9790: 9756: 9724: 9693: 9640: 9615: 9563: 9543: 9538: 9518: 9488: 9451: 9436: 9349: 9314: 9174: 9111: 8751: 8718: 8563: 8511: 8272: 8210: 8023: 7903: 5770:"Criminal lawyers back review of time limit for homicide charges" 5005: 3310: 3228: 3180: 3148: 3144: 3136: 3132: 3127:

Shi'ite sect, active from the 8th to 14th centuries. This mystic

3124: 3034: 2952: 2374: 2217:

their criminal law and now have statutory definitions of murder.

1987:

The four states of mind recognised as constituting "malice" are:

1960: 1542: 1495: 914: 866: 809: 756: 731: 705: 635: 615: 610: 590: 560: 431: 416: 327: 292: 254: 112: 4897: 3384: 3078:, which are part of the scripture for both Jews and Christians. 9853: 9678: 9548: 9243: 9064: 8531: 8399: 8323: 7965: 6235: 3942:"China and US among top punishers but death penalty in decline" 3506: 3358:

during childhood (due to the use of leaded paint in houses and

2977: 2869: 2145: 2009: 1856: 794: 620: 454: 215: 4673:

A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage By Bryan A. Garner, p. 545.

3404:, Guatemala, Saint Kitts and Nevis and Zambia. (UNODC, 2011 – 2682:

Murder committed by an offender previously convicted of murder

9578: 9523: 9473: 9206: 8647: 8627: 8568: 8366: 7823: 7119:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. 3439: 3432: 3188: 3159:

believed that without regular offerings of blood the sun god

3156: 3087: 2980:

strangling a traveller on a highway in the early 19th century

2959:

in Brazil with lower income also had higher rates of murder.

2865:" a loved one with a major deformity or an incurable illness. 2341: 2136: 1744: 1604: 650: 595: 545: 7448:"Promising Victim-Related Practices in Probation and Parole" 4235:

Book the Fourth – Chapter the Fourteenth : Of Homicide.

2930:

circulating in the body are linked to heightened aggression.

9903: 9630: 7203:(in Spanish). La Prensa Grafica de El Salvador. p. 1. 6775:"Freakonomics", Steven D. Levitt, Stephen J. Dubner, 2005, 4630:

Koninkrijksrelaties, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en.

3232: 3152: 2989: 1716:"death, killing, murder" (directly from Proto-Indo-European 1017: 746: 504: 7548: 3471:. Murder demographics are affected by the improvement of 2179:) and non-premeditated intentional killing (manslaughter, 7061:"Murder in RSA for April to March 2003/2004 to 2010/2011" 6823:"Violent crime has undermined democracy in Latin America" 6003:

Dong, Baomin; Egger, Peter H.; Guo, Yibei (18 May 2020).

3337:

since 1400 AD. The murder rate was very high in the

2108:

deliberation. In some, murders committed by acts such as

1354: 7792: 7237:. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. p. 95. 6095:"Psychosocial causes of the crime of murder in Pakistan" 5228:

Michaels, Alan C. (1985). "Defining Unintended Murder".

4200:"Is killing a pregnant woman a case of double homicide?" 3392:

Murder rates in jurisdictions such as Japan, Singapore,

3362:

as a gasoline additive in internal combustion engines).

2340:, usually involving killing due to sexual, religious or 2329:

Killing to prevent specific forms of aggravated rape or

2065:

The jury might sympathize with the defendant (e.g. in a

1901:

At common law, murder was normally punishable by death.

5334:

Mandatory life sentences for murder of police officers.

4293: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4283: 3314:

Intentional homicide rate per 100,000 inhabitants, 2009

3253:

International murder rate per 100,000 inhabitants, 2011

1835:

In many countries, out of concern for being accused of

1631:. Manslaughter is killing committed in the absence of 5658:"Körperverletzung mit Todesfolge, § 227 StGB - Exkurs" 5633:"Art. 584 codice penale - Omicidio preterintenzionale" 5321: 5161: 2199:. According to common law, murder is considered to be 1893:

definition of murder, which by this definition occurs

1797:), though the same sound development can be seen with 10001: 5682:

Reimann, Mathias; Zimmermann, Reinhard (2019-03-26).

5310: 5308: 5127:"Infanticide Bill, 1949—Second and Subsequent Stages" 3098:

is to kill a human being who has committed no fault.

2025:

applies. Thus, if the defendant intentionally uses a

9278: 4280: 3455:

In the US, murder is the leading cause of death for

2901:

increases likelihood of impulsive hostile behaviour.

59:

Unlawful killing of a human with malice aforethought

7532:". Bonnie S. Fisher, Steven P. Lab (2010). p. 706. 7293:. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. p. 98. 3911:(5 ed.). Random House Publishing Group. 2012. 3199:Southern slave codes did make willful killing of a 2955:. A 2000 study showed that regions of the state of 1695:The modern English word "murder" descends from the 7659: 6853:"Latin America Is the Murder Capital of the World" 5305: 4792:"Texas man acquitted of killing Craigslist escort" 3964: 78:"Double murder" redirects here. For the film, see 7442: 7440: 6668:"Rap Sheet Why is American history so murderous?" 6533:Wanderings in Corsica: Its History and Its Heroes 5915:. PA Media Group. Associated Press. 24 May 2010. 5681: 5197: 5167: 4968:7 Cal. 4th 797, 30 Cal. Rptr. 2d 50, 872 P.2d 591 4682: 2940:can provoke aggressive behaviour and even murder. 2670:Crime committed for pay or other reward, such as 2444:may apply to a wide range of disorders including 2128:, whereas Florida defines third-degree murder as 1855:consider abortion a form of murder, treating the 10025: 7753:Lord Mustill on the Common Law concerning murder 7552:Sourcebook of criminal justice statistics Online 7522:Encyclopedia of Victimology and Crime Prevention 6719: 6717: 5200:"Section II – Involuntary Offences Against Life" 4924: 4226:Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England 2473:had a serious mental illness, disease, or defect 2273: 7421:. U.S. Department of Justice. 2 December 2016. 6658: 6656: 5928: 5926: 5446:"2006 Utah Code - 76-5-202 — Aggravated murder" 4629: 4439:; but the common law has been modified in NSW: 4325: 3147:elite for political and religious reasons. The 2883:The murderer seeks some form of financial gain. 71:"Murderer" redirects here. For other uses, see 7691:"Why Fewer Murder Cases Get Solved These Days" 7484:. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Archived from 7437: 6196: 6118: 6116: 5191: 4676: 4022:Nielson, William A.; Patch, Howard R. (1921). 3584:, the murder of a prominent person, such as a 3245:List of countries by intentional homicide rate 2352:(the first legally binding convention against 2290:for a serious crime. All member states of the 9190: 7808: 7004:. National Crime Records Bureau. p. 24. 6914:"Crime Rates for Selected Large Cities, 2005" 6750: 6714: 6461:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 172. 6122: 6093:Suhail, Kausar; Javed, Fareha (Winter 2004). 5407: 5028:, note: this text refers to the procedure of 3203:illegal in most cases. For example, the 1860 2021:Under state of mind (i), intent to kill, the 1859:as a person. In some countries, a fetus is a 1577: 1068: 6653: 6002: 5923: 5452: 5076: 4720:, Oxford University Press, 1997, pp. 175–177 4509:"The Impulsive Murder and the Degree Device" 4399:Introduction to the Law of the United States 4050:"Falsely Accused Suspect Pursues Libel Case" 4021: 3222: 2620: 2294:are prohibited from using the death penalty. 1783:, itself derived from the Germanic noun via 7714: 7712: 6606:"WHO: 1.6 million die in violence annually" 6203:. BoD – Books on Demand. pp. 169–170. 6113: 6092: 5532:"Serving Life for Providing Car to Killers" 4328:Glanville Williams Textbook of Criminal Law 3171:, "between 10,000 and 80,400 persons" were 3051: 2828:Article I of the United States Constitution 2402: 1702:which meant "killing", a noun derived from 23: 9197: 9183: 7815: 7801: 7684: 7682: 7640:"What is Workplace Violence? - TAL Global" 6349: 6271:– McCarthy, Kevin M.. Volume 48, pp. 77–83 6099:Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research 5988:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5968:. London, United Kingdom. pp. 62–65. 5491:"Two Economic Rationals for Felony Murder" 4415: 4340:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4272:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4222: 2589:killing was intentional or unintentional. 1584: 1570: 1075: 1061: 24: 7837: 7549:Ann L. Pastore; Kathleen Maguire (eds.). 7226: 7224: 6967: 6174:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327953.003.0002 6140: 6038: 6028: 5963: 5595:"Article 222-7 - Code pénal - Légifrance" 4912:"Full list - Treaty Office - www.coe.int" 4158: 4081:"Getting a hand up on court, crime terms" 2988:, the first ever murder was committed by 2808:Law Reform (Year and a Day Rule) Act 1996 2319:who attempted to run away with his money. 2100:. Some US states maintain the offense of 1943:Killing can be committed by an act or an 1754:"death, killing, murder" and Old English 7709: 7615:Workplace Wellness: Issues and Responses 7612: 6944:"Óbitos por Causas Externas 1996 a 2010" 6585: 6163: 5935:"Murder and society: why commit murder?" 5227: 5082: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4918: 4712: 4297: 4243: 4241: 4183:"UNBORN VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE ACT OF 2004" 3438: 3422: 3383: 3328: 3318:According to scholar Pieter Spierenburg 3309: 3248: 2971: 2546: 2479: 1919:by lawful combatants as well as causing 1867:person is considered a double homicide. 86: 32:This is an accepted version of this page 7718: 7679: 7637: 6794:"Lead: America's Real Criminal Element" 6567:from the original on September 18, 2017 6552: 6543:". Ferdinand Gregorovius (1855). p.196. 6458:Southern Slavery and the Law, 1619-1860 6326:"Thuggee (Thagi) (13th C. to ca. 1838)" 6280: 5932: 5919:from the original on 10 September 2017. 5851: 5798: 5708: 4718:Voluntary Euthanasia and the Common Law 4706: 4506: 4252:(Fifth ed.). London. p. 804. 4161:"Crossfire: Abortion should be illegal" 4047: 3899: 3869: 3817:For example, in the United States, the 3305: 3151:cult that plagued India was devoted to 3110: 3044:written sometime between 2100 and 2050 2837: 1904:The elements of common law murder are: 1758:"death, crime, murder" (compare German 14: 10026: 7731:from the original on 10 September 2017 7697:from the original on 10 September 2017 7479:"Homicide trends in the United States" 7458:from the original on 10 September 2017 7317: 7221: 6702:from the original on 10 September 2017 6632:"Killing in L.A. drops to 1967 levels" 6454: 6418: 6404:[Sacrifice and flowery wars]. 6402:"El sacrificio y las guerras floridas" 6399: 6305: 6061: 5822: 5725: 5685:The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law 5529: 5470:from the original on 25 September 2015 5435:Criminal Code of Russia art.105 p.2"k" 5382:Criminal Code of Russia art.105 p.2"e" 4833:from the original on September 2, 2012 4611:from the original on 10 September 2017 4581:from the original on 10 September 2017 4326:Dennis J. Baker (2012). "Chapter 11". 4078: 3819:Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004 2962: 2772: 2592: 1875:The eighteenth-century English jurist 9178: 8165:List of ways people dishonor the dead 7796: 7688: 6893:from the original on 2 September 2017 6629: 6200:The Steps of Man Towards Civilization 6129:Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 5488: 4952: 4247: 4238: 4171:from the original on 6 November 2019. 3962: 3033:could be paid to the victim's family 2908:appears to affect mood and behaviour. 2740: 7760:Co. Inst., Pt. III, ch.7, p. 50 7664:. Disastercenter.com. Archived from 7582:Race and crime: a biosocial analysis 7505:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from 7415:"Fact Sheet: Violence Against Women" 7395:from the original on 20 January 2012 7364:"Twentieth Century Atlas – Homicide" 6924:from the original on 23 October 2017 6791: 6481: 6223: 6062:Bailey, William C. (November 1984). 5943:Centre for Crime and Justice Studies 5756:, 2003 WI 42, 261 Wis. 2d 249 (2003) 5511:from the original on 21 October 2016 4813: 4802:from the original on 18 October 2014 4367:from the original on 2 February 2017 4175: 4142:"An Argument That Abortion Is Wrong" 4028:. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co 3939: 3501:Despite the immense improvements in 3388:UNODC: Per 100,000 population (2011) 2967: 2783:In some common law jurisdictions, a 2487:holding a shotgun during his rampage 1731:"murderer; homicide" (from the verb 1619:as defined by the law in a specific 7787:Cezanne's depiction of "The Murder" 7721:"Why fewer murder cases get solved" 7719:Whitley, Brian (24 December 2008). 7558:(31st ed.). Albany, New York: 7389:"What Motivates Some Women to Kill" 7094:. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 6692:"US murder rate by year, 1900–2010" 6586:Albrecht, Harro (7 February 2013). 6378:. Cdis.missouri.edu. Archived from 5811:from the original on March 10, 2015 5780:from the original on 14 August 2017 4937:from the original on August 1, 2016 4354: 4229:. Avalon Project, Yale Law School. 4159:Stoltzfus, Abby (6 November 2019). 4139: 3887:from the original on 2 October 2017 3365: 3175:in the 1487 re-consecration of the 2395:And secondly, as stated by Justice 1886:Commentaries on the Laws of England 1863:who can be murdered, and killing a 56: 9204: 8170:List of ways people honor the dead 7783:– U.S. Centers for Disease Control 7503:"Homicide Victims by Race and Sex" 7425:from the original on 1 August 2017 7167:"Derecho a la seguridad ciudadana" 6553:Holguin, Jaime (October 3, 2002). 6080:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1984.tb00314.x 5799:Wofford, Taylor (August 9, 2014). 5759:(search for "year-and-a-day rule") 5732:(in French). Editis - Interforum. 5052:"Infanticide Act, 1949, Section 1" 4998:N.Y. Penal Law, § 40.15, found at 4925:Joseph Goldstein (July 28, 2016). 4091:from the original on June 24, 2016 4060:from the original on 4 August 2019 3662: 2820:Supreme Court of the United States 2760:shows it can be used very widely. 2676:Exceptional brutality or cruelty, 1940:■ through criminal act or omission 1830: 57: 10070: 8201:Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality 7764: 7660:Christopher Effgen (2001-09-11). 7366:. Users.erols.com. Archived from 6970:"UN highlights Brazil gun crisis" 6883:"2014 Crime in the United States" 6863:from the original on 22 July 2019 6833:from the original on 22 July 2019 4601:"Title 18 USC, Sec. 1111, Murder" 4121:from the original on June 3, 2016 3574: 2924:can lead to reduced self control. 2191:According to Blackstone, English 1735:"to murder"), giving Old English 10011: 9796:Perverting the course of justice 9281: 9272: 9220:. Not all types are listed here. 9158: 9149: 9148: 7781:Atlas of United States Mortality 7653: 7631: 7617:. Brown Bear Press. p. 19. 7606: 7573: 7569:from the original on 2010-05-30. 7542: 7513: 7495: 7471: 7419:Office on Violence Against Women 7407: 7381: 7356: 7332: 7311: 7280: 7255: 7190: 7159: 7134: 7109: 7084: 7066:. South African Police Service. 7053: 7022: 6991: 6961: 6936: 6906: 6875: 6845: 6815: 6785: 6769: 6744: 6684: 6623: 6598: 6579: 6546: 6524: 6502: 6475: 6448: 6435: 6412: 6393: 6368: 6343: 6318: 6299: 6274: 5953:from the original on 2020-07-24. 5542:from the original on 2017-09-29. 5425:from the original on 2014-10-17. 5137:from the original on 1 July 2016 5064:from the original on 1 June 2016 4872:from the original on 2018-01-30. 4650:"Blackstone, Book 4, Chapter 14" 4542:"Minnesota Second-Degree Murder" 4397:Wise, Edward. "Criminal Law" in 4233:from the original on 2011-08-10. 3952:from the original on 2017-02-17. 3908:The American Heritage Dictionary 3631:Murder conviction without a body 3545: 3524: 3418: 3333:The historical homicide rate in 3187:with their sword at anyone of a 2992:against his brother Abel out of 2574: 711:Perverting the course of justice 111: 9534:Intellectual property violation 9159: 7746: 7300:from the original on 2012-06-11 7288:"State of Human Rights in 2010" 7269:from the original on 2012-07-23 7244:from the original on 2012-01-31 7210:from the original on 2011-10-18 7179:from the original on 2012-06-08 7148:from the original on 2013-01-17 7123:from the original on 2011-10-28 7098:from the original on 2012-05-12 7073:from the original on 2012-04-02 7011:from the original on 2012-05-13 6980:from the original on 2010-03-27 6968:Kingstone, Steve (2005-06-27). 6950:from the original on 2013-01-15 6887:Federal Bureau of Investigation 6804:from the original on 2017-08-11 6666:, Polity, 2008. Referred to in 6642:from the original on 2011-01-19 6612:from the original on 2010-06-11 6608:. Online.sfsu.edu. 2002-10-04. 6421:"The Enigma of Aztec Sacrifice" 6354:. Pearson Longman. p. 82. 6332:from the original on 2013-04-14 6262: 6217: 6190: 6157: 6142:10.1590/s1020-49892000000200008 6086: 6055: 5996: 5957: 5905: 5880: 5869:from the original on 2015-09-04 5840:from the original on 2015-09-04 5792: 5762: 5746: 5719: 5702: 5675: 5650: 5625: 5611: 5587: 5570: 5546: 5523: 5482: 5438: 5429: 5385: 5376: 5363: 5350: 5337: 5291: 5269: 5256: 5221: 5149: 5119: 5044: 5035: 5019:from the original on 2008-10-21 5015:(in French). Legifrance. 2002. 4992: 4980: 4904: 4890: 4876: 4844: 4784: 4772: 4761:from the original on 2014-10-18 4743: 4695:from the original on 2008-04-08 4667: 4642: 4623: 4593: 4563: 4552:from the original on 2018-03-14 4534: 4523:from the original on 2018-03-13 4500: 4490: 4472: 4458: 4391: 4379: 4361:Philosophy 4826, Life and Death 4348: 4319: 4216: 4192: 4152: 4133: 4103: 4072: 4048:Goodman, Brenda (27 May 2006). 3811: 3461:Federal Bureau of Investigation 3379:Latin America and the Caribbean 3000:Evans-Pritchard says about the 2601:may be a defense. For example, 1774:mordre, mourdre, murder, murdre 606:Intellectual property violation 10044:Common law offences in Ireland 7454:. U.S. Department of Justice. 6751:Randolph Roth (October 2009). 6419:Harner, Michael (April 1977). 6400:Hassig, Ross (13 March 2017). 6306:Rushby, Kevin (11 June 2005). 6197:Oesterdiekhoff, Georg (2011). 5299:"Section 630:1 Capital Murder" 5133:. 7 July 1949. Vol.36 c.1472. 4040: 4015: 3992: 3971:. Cambridge University Press. 3956: 3933: 3835: 3798: 3191:who compromised their honour. 2560:law of the Republic of Ireland 2417:post-traumatic stress disorder 2259:In many common law countries, 1933:At common law life ended with 1776:could have been influenced by 13: 1: 8221:Maternal mortality in fiction 7198:"Homicidios en Centroamérica" 6283:The Secret Societies Handbook 5834:, 646 N.E.2d 582 (Ill. 1995)" 4780:Joe Horn shooting controversy 4363:. University of St. Andrews. 4079:Fisher, Doug (July 1, 2003). 3829: 3487:moratorium on death sentences 3177:Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan 2274:Specific to certain countries 2220: 2186: 2008:Intent to commit a dangerous 1870: 1615:committed with the necessary 99: 8135:Expressions related to death 8088:Medical declaration of death 7789:– National Museums Liverpool 7689:Beale, Lewis (20 May 2009). 7613:Csiernik, Rick, ed. (2014). 7560:Bureau of Justice Statistics 7318:Serena, Katie (2019-01-09). 7117:"Estadísticas de Mortalidad" 6681:New Yorker, November 9, 2009 6030:10.1371/journal.pone.0233034 5206:. Legifrance. Archived from 5176:. Legifrance. Archived from 5097:10.1016/j.hisfam.2008.09.003 4223:Blackstone, William (1765). 3238: 2918:can both lead to aggression. 2688:Murder for a political cause 2148:, or in some countries, the 1690: 1641:brought about by reasonable 941:Ignorantia juris non excusat 7: 8155:Preventable causes of death 7452:Office for Victims of Crime 7391:. ABC News. 13 April 2009. 6738:10.1177/1088767902006002003 6308:"Review: Thug by Mike Dash" 5863:, 836 P.2d 102 (N.M. 1992)" 5726:Pradel, Jean (2016-09-14). 5688:. Oxford University Press. 5530:Liptak, Adam (2007-12-04). 5421:. Parole Board of Ireland. 4713:Otlowski, Margaret (1997). 4605:Legal Information Institute 4357:"Killing & Letting Die" 4111:"Charges & Allegations" 4012:, accessed on 17 July 2020. 4010:Online Etymology Dictionary 3540: 3452:of death in the workplace. 3081: 3037:of their right of revenge. 2733:always carries a mandatory 2532:Penal Code §122-1 found at 2426: 2392:Supreme Court of California 2144:without the possibility of 2080:Murder in the Second Degree 1813:is a verb from Anglo-Saxon 10: 10075: 9559:Possessing stolen property 7662:"Disaster Center web site" 7638:thejtal (September 2021). 7232:"Global Study on Homicide" 6946:(in Portuguese). DATASUS. 6792:Drum, Kevin (2016-02-11). 6630:Rubin, Joel (2010-12-26). 6590:[What we die of]. 6455:Morris, Thomas D. (1996). 6376:"Science and Anthropology" 6350:Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). 6248:10.1163/026805599125826381 5729:Droit pénal comparé. 4e éd 5489:Sidak, J. Gregory (2015). 5460:"Classification of murder" 5419:Citizens Information Board 5345:Murder (United States law) 4652:. Yale.edu. Archived from 4303:Understanding Criminal Law 3242: 3194: 3058:prohibition against murder 2776: 2744: 2667:Murder of a pregnant woman 2430: 2225: 2076: 2072: 1966:■ with malice aforethought 1915:, or the killing of enemy 631:Possessing stolen property 279:Offense against the person 77: 70: 63: 9973: 9938: 9838: 9805: 9754: 9708: 9602: 9462: 9298: 9270: 9226: 9213: 9144: 8870: 8800: 8686: 8640: 8522:Consciousness after death 8502: 8445: 8390: 8332: 8281: 8270: 8263: 8178: 8115: 8009: 7830: 7822: 7725:Christian Science Monitor 7592:". Anthony Walsh (2004). 6920:. Sandbox Networks, Inc. 6488:. Routledge. p. 79. 6281:Bradley, Michael (2005). 5964:Petherick, Wayne (2018). 5709:Cadoppi, Alberto (1992). 5415:"Parole Board of Ireland" 5085:The History of the Family 4691:(in French). Legifrance. 4435:464 (26 March 1985), 4401:(Clark and Ansay, eds.), 4248:Baker, Dennis J. (2021). 3940:Tran, Mark (2011-03-28). 3467:(UCR) includes non-black 3443:The scene of a murder in 3295:World Health Organization 3223:Honor killings in Corsica 3064:given by God to Moses in 2627:aggravating circumstances 2621:Aggravating circumstances 2368: 2049:In Spanish criminal law, 1824:Oxford English Dictionary 1750:), giving Proto-Germanic 1637:, such as in the case of 925:Diminished responsibility 719:Crimes against the public 73:Murderer (disambiguation) 9658:(such as prohibition of 8923:Personification of death 8145:People by cause of death 5466:. Government of Canada. 4632:"Wetboek van Strafrecht" 4451:378 (25 June 1991), 4250:Treatise of criminal law 3963:Bynon, Theodora (1977). 3791: 3557:List of types of killing 3302:of overall crime rates. 3052:Judaism and Christianity 2928:Environmental pollutants 2655:Murder committed during 2649:Murder committed during 2409:mitigating circumstances 2403:Mitigating circumstances 854:Crimes against the state 774:(such as prohibition of 39:latest accepted revision 9000:Death-positive movement 8845:Post-mortem photography 8125:Causes of death by rate 8053:Death by natural causes 6857:The Wall Street Journal 6285:. Cassell Illustrated. 5933:Morrall, Peter (2007). 5198:The French Parliament. 5168:The French Parliament. 5156:Criminal Code of Russia 5002:, retrieved 2014-04-10. 4683:The French Parliament. 4507:Brenner, Frank (1953). 4305:(3rd ed.). Lexis. 4085:Common Sense Journalism 4025:Selections from Chaucer 3569:List of unsolved deaths 3531:criminal investigations 2861:The murderer seeks to " 2195:identified murder as a 2044:lesser included offense 1821:, or, according to the 1401:Avunculicide/Nepoticide 538:Crimes against property 228:(also called violation) 66:Murder (disambiguation) 9776:Miscarriage of justice 9035:Fascination with death 8673:Reincarnation research 8668:Out-of-body experience 8130:Notable deaths by year 7971:Immunogenic cell death 7887:Temporal lobe necrosis 6696:Democratic Underground 5599:www.legifrance.gouv.fr 5371:Murder (Brazilian law) 5131:Seanad Éireann debates 5030:involuntary commitment 5000:N.Y. Assembly web site 4607:. Cornell Law School. 3967:Historical Linguistics 3646:Soldiers are murderers 3448: 3436: 3389: 3342: 3315: 3290: 3131:killed members of the 3019: 2981: 2922:Consumption of alcohol 2797:statute of limitations 2625:Murder with specified 2540: 2510: 2488: 2358:violence against women 2251:imperfect self-defense 1935:cardiopulmonary arrest 1899: 1639:voluntary manslaughter 1321:Voluntary manslaughter 1286:Vehicle-ramming attack 990:Other common-law areas 823:Crimes against animals 691:Miscarriage of justice 673:Crimes against justice 105: 9771:Malfeasance in office 9216:Note: Crimes vary by 8840:Post-mortem chemistry 8653:Near-death experience 8549:Desecration of graves 8485:Postmortem caloricity 8450:Beating heart cadaver 7894:Programmed cell death 7862:Liquefactive necrosis 7776:The Seville Statement 7265:. Statistics Canada. 6999:"Crime in India 2010" 6859:. 20 September 2018. 6662:Spierenburg, Pieter, 6512:. Library of Congress 6485:People Without Rights 6482:Fede, Andrew (2012). 5578:"La praeterintention" 5358:Murder (Romanian law) 4445:[1991] HCA 27 4429:[1985] HCA 22 3611:Depraved-heart murder 3465:Uniform Crime Reports 3442: 3426: 3387: 3332: 3313: 3252: 3013:cultures such as the 2998: 2975: 2946:personality disorders 2936:from eating too much 2552:Postpartum depression 2547:Postpartum depression 2518: 2497: 2483: 2462:personality disorders 2126:depraved-heart murder 2055:Spanish Criminal Code 1959:In early common law, 1895: 1339:Non-criminal homicide 1234:Murder for body parts 1150:Depraved-heart murder 896:Defenses to liability 686:Malfeasance in office 90: 9864:Cybersex trafficking 9626:Censorship violation 9030:Festival of the Dead 8928:Dying-and-rising god 8883:Chinese burial money 8772:Prohibition of dying 8724:Death-qualified jury 8490:Post-mortem interval 8150:Premature obituaries 7857:Coagulative necrosis 6698:. 16 December 2012. 6406:Arqueología Mexicana 5776:. 25 February 2017. 5464:Justice Laws Website 5403:on October 18, 2015. 5316:Murder (English law) 4886:. 24 September 2013. 4466:"Noticias Jurídicas" 4355:Ashford, Elizabeth. 3847:. West Group. 1997. 3651:Stigmatized property 3529:The success rate of 3306:Historical variation 3111:Historical attitudes 2906:breakdown of glucose 2838:Contributing factors 2789:one year and one day 2727:English criminal law 2310:Dr John Bodkin Adams 2083:. For the film, see 2000:grievous bodily harm 1817:from Proto-Germanic 1380:Justifiable homicide 1199:Lonely hearts killer 742:Censorship violation 465:Cybersex trafficking 64:For other uses, see 9656:Illegal consumption 9330:Criminal negligence 9090:Philosophy of death 8955:Death from laughter 8255:Perinatal mortality 7996:Mitotic catastrophe 7976:Ischemic cell death 7919:Intrinsic apoptosis 7867:Gangrenous necrosis 7693:. PacificStandard. 6588:"Woran wir sterben" 6555:"A Murder A Minute" 6352:Genocide: A History 6328:. Users.erols.com. 6021:2020PLoSO..1533034D 5888:Rogers v. Tennessee 5715:(in Italian). Utet. 5230:Columbia Law Review 5204:French Criminal Law 5174:French Criminal Law 4900:. 19 December 2019. 4723:. Clarendon Press. 4716:Margaret Otlowski, 4689:French Criminal Law 3402:U.S. Virgin Islands 3398:developed countries 2986:Abrahamic religions 2963:Religious attitudes 2779:Year and a day rule 2773:Year-and-a-day rule 2599:diminished capacity 2593:Diminished capacity 2534:Legifrance web site 2383:'s murder statute, 2350:Istanbul Convention 2122:third-degree murder 2094:Canadian murder law 2086:Premeditated Murder 1972:malice aforethought 1805:). The alternative 1697:Proto-Indo-European 1647:diminished capacity 1135:Consensual homicide 1090:Part of a series on 920:Defense of property 772:Illegal consumption 308:Criminal negligence 208:Severity of offense 29:Page version status 9859:Child sexual abuse 9824:Wildlife smuggling 9814:Cruelty to animals 9603:Against the public 9432:Negligent homicide 9345:False imprisonment 9300:Against the person 9136:Thanatosensitivity 9040:Hierarchy of death 8980:Death notification 8888:Coins for the dead 8820:Forensic pathology 8704:Capital punishment 8658:Near-death studies 8250:Mortality salience 7882:Fibrinoid necrosis 7852:Avascular necrosis 7587:2015-10-16 at the 7527:2016-01-01 at the 7345:2013-10-29 at the 6673:2010-01-09 at the 6538:2016-01-01 at the 6227:Arab Law Quarterly 6168:. pp. 17–38. 5832:People v. Carrillo 5536:The New York Times 5498:Cornell Law Review 5287:on April 25, 2018. 5057:Irish Statute Book 4989:, All ER Rep 229. 4973:2015-09-04 at the 4931:The New York Times 4636:wetten.overheid.nl 4513:Fordham Law Review 4484:Noticias Jurídicas 4408:2015-05-17 at the 4004:2020-07-07 at the 3641:Seven laws of Noah 3626:Misdemeanor murder 3590:head of government 3533:into murders (the 3449: 3437: 3429:Lake Bodom murders 3390: 3343: 3316: 3291: 2982: 2904:Alteration in the 2747:Felony murder rule 2741:Felony murder rule 2495:law, for example: 2489: 2344:reasons (known as 2280:Capital punishment 2023:deadly weapon rule 1998:Intent to inflict 1956:■ by another human 1877:William Blackstone 1769:first attested in 1685:capital punishment 1365:Capital punishment 1331:Vehicular homicide 1326:Negligent homicide 1291:Wrongful execution 1229:Misdemeanor murder 1155:Felony murder rule 841:Wildlife smuggling 831:Cruelty to animals 460:Child sexual abuse 412:Negligent homicide 323:False imprisonment 220:Indictable offense 164:Scope of criminal 106: 35: 9999: 9998: 9982:Wikimedia Commons 9940:Inchoate offenses 9884:Indecent exposure 9375:Human trafficking 9340:Domestic violence 9172: 9171: 8908:Death anniversary 8903:Death and culture 8747:Dying declaration 8729:Death certificate 8636: 8635: 8498: 8497: 8350:Neuropreservation 8140:Natural disasters 8111: 8110: 7353:. March 30, 2007. 6636:Los Angeles Times 6495:978-1-136-71610-2 6468:978-0-8078-4817-3 6361:978-0-582-50601-5 6292:978-1-84403-416-1 6210:978-3-8423-4288-0 6183:978-0-19-532795-3 6131:(in Portuguese). 5861:State v. Gabehart 5739:978-2-247-15085-4 5695:978-0-19-256552-5 5397:www.consultant.ru 4987:M'Naughten's case 4865:978-1-946135-08-7 4730:978-0-19-825996-1 4312:978-0-8205-5027-5 3700:England and Wales 3606:Culpable homicide 3410: 3090:according to the 2968:Abrahamic context 2766:preterintentional 2645:Murder of a child 2514:French Penal Code 2354:domestic violence 2292:Council of Europe 1980:In contrast with 1921:collateral damage 1827:, from the noun. 1594: 1593: 1385:"License to kill" 1194:Internet homicide 1175:Child cannibalism 1170:Human cannibalism 1085: 1084: 485:Indecent exposure 353:Human trafficking 318:Domestic violence 246:Inchoate offenses 96:Peter Paul Rubens 92:Cain slaying Abel 26: 16:(Redirected from 10066: 10059:Killings by type 10016: 10015: 10007: 9646:Ethnic cleansing 9584:Trespass to land 9479:Arms trafficking 9291: 9286: 9285: 9276: 9199: 9192: 9185: 9176: 9175: 9162: 9161: 9152: 9151: 9132: 9117:Assisted suicide 9015:Death trajectory 8830:Mortuary science 8825:Funeral director 8816: 8782:Suspicious death 8554:Eternal oblivion 8340:Cryopreservation 8279: 8278: 8268: 8267: 8206:Infant mortality 8196:Excess mortality 8098:Terminal illness 8083:Lazarus syndrome 8068:End-of-life care 8019:Accidental death 7872:Caseous necrosis 7835: 7834: 7817: 7810: 7803: 7794: 7793: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7716: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7686: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7673: 7657: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7635: 7629: 7628: 7610: 7604: 7577: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7557: 7546: 7540: 7517: 7511: 7510: 7499: 7493: 7492: 7490: 7483: 7475: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7444: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7411: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7400: 7385: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7375: 7360: 7354: 7336: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7326: 7315: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7305: 7299: 7292: 7284: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7274: 7259: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7249: 7243: 7236: 7228: 7219: 7218: 7216: 7215: 7209: 7202: 7194: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7184: 7178: 7171: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7153: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7128: 7113: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7103: 7088: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7078: 7072: 7065: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7047: 7041: 7034: 7030:"Homicidio 2010" 7026: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7010: 7003: 6995: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6965: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6955: 6940: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6929: 6910: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6879: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6868: 6849: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6838: 6819: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6789: 6783: 6773: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6758:. Archived from 6757: 6748: 6742: 6741: 6726:Homicide Studies 6721: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6688: 6682: 6660: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6647: 6627: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6617: 6602: 6596: 6595: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6550: 6544: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6479: 6473: 6472: 6452: 6446: 6445:, Yamakawa, 2005 6441:Mako Taniguchi, 6439: 6433: 6432: 6416: 6410: 6409: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6387: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6337: 6322: 6316: 6315: 6303: 6297: 6296: 6278: 6272: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6240:Brill Publishers 6221: 6215: 6214: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6144: 6120: 6111: 6110: 6090: 6084: 6083: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6042: 6032: 6000: 5994: 5993: 5987: 5979: 5961: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5939: 5930: 5921: 5920: 5909: 5903: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5874: 5855: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5845: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5766: 5760: 5754:State v. Picotte 5750: 5744: 5743: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5706: 5700: 5699: 5679: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5669: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5644: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5619:"Journal of law" 5615: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5605: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5564: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5527: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5510: 5495: 5486: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5456: 5450: 5449: 5442: 5436: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5399:. Archived from 5389: 5383: 5380: 5374: 5367: 5361: 5354: 5348: 5341: 5335: 5325: 5319: 5312: 5303: 5302: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5283:. Archived from 5273: 5267: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5165: 5159: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5048: 5042: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5009: 5003: 4996: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4961: 4950: 4949: 4944: 4942: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4838: 4832: 4825: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4807: 4788: 4782: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4766: 4747: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4737: 4710: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4700: 4680: 4674: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4661: 4646: 4640: 4639: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4557: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4528: 4504: 4498: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4462: 4456: 4419: 4413: 4395: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4339: 4331: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4299:Dressler, Joshua 4295: 4278: 4277: 4271: 4263: 4245: 4236: 4234: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4156: 4150: 4149: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4019: 4013: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3970: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3937: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3873: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3839: 3823: 3815: 3809: 3802: 3745:Northern Ireland 3552:Lists of murders 3457:African American 3405: 3366:Rates by country 3287: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3062:Ten Commandments 3042:Code of Ur-Nammu 3031:Germanic society 2812:attorney-general 2703:Treachery (e.g. 2672:contract killing 2536: 2508: 2433:Insanity defense 2308:and the case of 2165: 2067:crime of passion 1795:murdreo, murdiro 1743:"dead" (compare 1660:, recklessness. 1601:unlawful killing 1586: 1579: 1572: 1548:Suspicious death 1360:Assisted suicide 1346:Note: Varies by 1145:Crime of passion 1140:Contract killing 1125:Attempted murder 1111:Note: Varies by 1087: 1086: 1077: 1070: 1063: 1034: 905:Actual innocence 762:Ethnic cleansing 656:Trespass to land 551:Arms trafficking 115: 108: 107: 104: 101: 47:9 September 2024 21: 10074: 10073: 10069: 10068: 10067: 10065: 10064: 10063: 10024: 10023: 10022: 10010: 10002: 10000: 9995: 9969: 9968: 9967: 9934: 9933: 9932: 9914:Sex trafficking 9840:Sexual offenses 9834: 9833: 9832: 9806:Against animals 9801: 9800: 9799: 9750: 9749: 9748: 9704: 9703: 9702: 9598: 9597: 9596: 9514:False pretenses 9458: 9457: 9456: 9420:Preterintention 9294: 9287: 9280: 9277: 9268: 9222: 9209: 9203: 9173: 9168: 9140: 9126: 9070:Museum of Death 9020:Dignified death 8975:Death messenger 8950:Death education 8866: 8810: 8796: 8734:Declared death 8682: 8632: 8589:Online mourning 8494: 8460:Cadaveric spasm 8441: 8386: 8328: 8319:Skeletonization 8259: 8191:Child mortality 8186:Birthday effect 8174: 8107: 8103:Unnatural death 8034:Brainstem death 8005: 7944:Pseudoapoptosis 7826: 7821: 7767: 7758:Sir Edward Coke 7749: 7744: 7734: 7732: 7717: 7710: 7700: 7698: 7687: 7680: 7671: 7669: 7658: 7654: 7644: 7642: 7636: 7632: 7625: 7611: 7607: 7594:Nova Publishers 7589:Wayback Machine 7578: 7574: 7566: 7555: 7547: 7543: 7529:Wayback Machine 7518: 7514: 7501: 7500: 7496: 7488: 7481: 7477: 7476: 7472: 7461: 7459: 7446: 7445: 7438: 7428: 7426: 7413: 7412: 7408: 7398: 7396: 7387: 7386: 7382: 7373: 7371: 7362: 7361: 7357: 7347:Wayback Machine 7337: 7333: 7324: 7322: 7316: 7312: 7303: 7301: 7297: 7290: 7286: 7285: 7281: 7272: 7270: 7261: 7260: 7256: 7247: 7245: 7241: 7234: 7230: 7229: 7222: 7213: 7211: 7207: 7200: 7196: 7195: 7191: 7182: 7180: 7176: 7169: 7165: 7164: 7160: 7151: 7149: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7126: 7124: 7115: 7114: 7110: 7101: 7099: 7090: 7089: 7085: 7076: 7074: 7070: 7063: 7059: 7058: 7054: 7045: 7043: 7039: 7032: 7028: 7027: 7023: 7014: 7012: 7008: 7001: 6997: 6996: 6992: 6983: 6981: 6966: 6962: 6953: 6951: 6942: 6941: 6937: 6927: 6925: 6912: 6911: 6907: 6896: 6894: 6881: 6880: 6876: 6866: 6864: 6851: 6850: 6846: 6836: 6834: 6829:. 9 July 2019. 6827:Financial Times 6821: 6820: 6816: 6807: 6805: 6790: 6786: 6774: 6770: 6762: 6755: 6749: 6745: 6722: 6715: 6705: 6703: 6690: 6689: 6685: 6675:Wayback Machine 6661: 6654: 6645: 6643: 6628: 6624: 6615: 6613: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6584: 6580: 6570: 6568: 6551: 6547: 6540:Wayback Machine 6529: 6525: 6515: 6513: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6496: 6480: 6476: 6469: 6453: 6449: 6443:Kiri-sute Gomen 6440: 6436: 6425:Natural History 6417: 6413: 6398: 6394: 6385: 6383: 6374: 6373: 6369: 6362: 6348: 6344: 6335: 6333: 6324: 6323: 6319: 6304: 6300: 6293: 6279: 6275: 6269:American Speech 6267: 6263: 6222: 6218: 6211: 6195: 6191: 6184: 6162: 6158: 6121: 6114: 6091: 6087: 6060: 6056: 6015:(5): e0233034. 6001: 5997: 5981: 5980: 5976: 5962: 5958: 5950: 5937: 5931: 5924: 5911: 5910: 5906: 5885: 5881: 5872: 5870: 5857: 5856: 5852: 5843: 5841: 5828: 5827: 5823: 5814: 5812: 5797: 5793: 5783: 5781: 5768: 5767: 5763: 5751: 5747: 5740: 5724: 5720: 5707: 5703: 5696: 5680: 5676: 5667: 5665: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5642: 5640: 5631: 5630: 5626: 5617: 5616: 5612: 5603: 5601: 5593: 5592: 5588: 5580: 5576: 5575: 5571: 5562: 5560: 5552: 5551: 5547: 5528: 5524: 5514: 5512: 5508: 5493: 5487: 5483: 5473: 5471: 5458: 5457: 5453: 5444: 5443: 5439: 5434: 5430: 5413: 5412: 5408: 5391: 5390: 5386: 5381: 5377: 5368: 5364: 5355: 5351: 5342: 5338: 5328:Crimes Act 1900 5326: 5322: 5313: 5306: 5297: 5296: 5292: 5275: 5274: 5270: 5264:Twinkie defense 5262:The so-called " 5261: 5257: 5242:10.2307/1122334 5226: 5222: 5213: 5211: 5196: 5192: 5183: 5181: 5170:"Article 222-8" 5166: 5162: 5154: 5150: 5140: 5138: 5125: 5124: 5120: 5081: 5077: 5067: 5065: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5040: 5036: 5022: 5020: 5011: 5010: 5006: 4997: 4993: 4985: 4981: 4975:Wayback Machine 4964:People v. Davis 4962: 4953: 4940: 4938: 4923: 4919: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4866: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4836: 4834: 4830: 4826:. May 6, 2008. 4823: 4819: 4818: 4814: 4805: 4803: 4798:. 7 June 2013. 4790: 4789: 4785: 4777: 4773: 4764: 4762: 4749: 4748: 4744: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4711: 4707: 4698: 4696: 4685:"Article 122-5" 4681: 4677: 4672: 4668: 4659: 4657: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4628: 4624: 4614: 4612: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4584: 4582: 4575:Merriam-Webster 4571:"Premeditation" 4569: 4568: 4564: 4555: 4553: 4540: 4539: 4535: 4526: 4524: 4505: 4501: 4495: 4491: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4420: 4416: 4410:Wayback Machine 4396: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4370: 4368: 4353: 4349: 4333: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4313: 4296: 4281: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4246: 4239: 4221: 4217: 4208: 4206: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4176: 4157: 4153: 4138: 4134: 4124: 4122: 4109: 4108: 4104: 4094: 4092: 4077: 4073: 4063: 4061: 4045: 4041: 4031: 4029: 4020: 4016: 4006:Wayback Machine 3997: 3993: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3961: 3957: 3938: 3934: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3905: 3904: 3900: 3890: 3888: 3881:Merriam-Webster 3875: 3874: 3870: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3827: 3826: 3816: 3812: 3803: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3665: 3663:Laws by country 3660: 3577: 3548: 3543: 3527: 3421: 3368: 3308: 3289: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3247: 3241: 3225: 3209:Oliver v. State 3197: 3185:right to strike 3161:Huitzilopochtli 3113: 3084: 3054: 3029:which in early 3006:Evans-Pritchard 2970: 2965: 2840: 2781: 2775: 2749: 2743: 2725:murders. Under 2623: 2613:and Supervisor 2595: 2577: 2549: 2537: 2531: 2509: 2503: 2442:Mental disorder 2439: 2437:M'Naghten rules 2431:Main articles: 2429: 2419:and medication 2405: 2371: 2324:Castle doctrine 2276: 2228: 2223: 2189: 2157: 2152:. In the U.S., 2098:U.S. murder law 2090: 2075: 2019: 2002:short of death, 1873: 1833: 1831:Use of the term 1792:Old High German 1693: 1590: 1296:Judicial murder 1187:Child sacrifice 1182:Human sacrifice 1081: 1022: 586:False pretenses 515:Sex trafficking 441:Sexual offenses 400:Preterintention 236:Summary offense 102: 85: 76: 69: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10072: 10062: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10021: 10020: 9997: 9996: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9971: 9970: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9945: 9944: 9942: 9936: 9935: 9931: 9926: 9924:Sexual slavery 9921: 9919:Sexual assault 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9836: 9835: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9810: 9809: 9807: 9803: 9802: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9762: 9761: 9759: 9752: 9751: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9716: 9715: 9713: 9706: 9705: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9641:Hostage-taking 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9600: 9599: 9595: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9460: 9459: 9455: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9428: 9427: 9417: 9416: 9415: 9407: 9402: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9306: 9305: 9304: 9302: 9296: 9295: 9293: 9292: 9271: 9269: 9267: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9230: 9228: 9224: 9223: 9214: 9211: 9210: 9202: 9201: 9194: 9187: 9179: 9170: 9169: 9167: 9166: 9156: 9145: 9142: 9141: 9139: 9138: 9133: 9121: 9120: 9119: 9109: 9108: 9107: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8936: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8878:Apparent death 8874: 8872: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8864: 8859: 8858: 8857: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8804: 8802: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8709:Cause of death 8706: 8701: 8699:Administration 8696: 8690: 8688: 8684: 8683: 8681: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8644: 8642: 8638: 8637: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8614: 8613: 8608: 8598: 8593: 8592: 8591: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8535: 8534: 8529: 8519: 8514: 8508: 8506: 8500: 8499: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8470:Death erection 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8446: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8413: 8412: 8407: 8405:Natural burial 8396: 8394: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8353: 8352: 8347: 8336: 8334: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8285: 8283: 8276: 8265: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8246: 8245: 8238:Mortality rate 8235: 8230: 8223: 8218: 8216:Maternal death 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8182: 8180: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8160:Unusual deaths 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8121: 8119: 8113: 8112: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8093:Organ donation 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8041:Clinical death 8038: 8037: 8036: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8010: 8007: 8006: 8004: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7952: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7891: 7890: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7843: 7841: 7832: 7828: 7827: 7820: 7819: 7812: 7805: 7797: 7791: 7790: 7784: 7778: 7773: 7766: 7765:External links 7763: 7762: 7761: 7755: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7742: 7708: 7678: 7652: 7630: 7624:978-1551305714 7623: 7605: 7572: 7541: 7512: 7509:on 2012-03-23. 7494: 7491:on 2011-10-10. 7470: 7436: 7406: 7380: 7355: 7331: 7310: 7279: 7254: 7220: 7189: 7158: 7133: 7108: 7083: 7052: 7021: 6990: 6960: 6935: 6905: 6874: 6844: 6814: 6784: 6768: 6765:on 2010-06-29. 6743: 6732:(2): 128–166. 6713: 6683: 6652: 6622: 6597: 6578: 6545: 6523: 6501: 6494: 6474: 6467: 6447: 6434: 6411: 6392: 6367: 6360: 6342: 6317: 6298: 6291: 6273: 6261: 6216: 6209: 6189: 6182: 6156: 6135:(2): 118–124. 6112: 6085: 6074:(4): 531–550. 6054: 5995: 5974: 5956: 5922: 5904: 5879: 5850: 5821: 5791: 5761: 5745: 5738: 5718: 5701: 5694: 5674: 5649: 5624: 5610: 5586: 5569: 5558:heinonline.org 5545: 5522: 5481: 5451: 5437: 5428: 5406: 5384: 5375: 5362: 5349: 5336: 5320: 5304: 5290: 5268: 5255: 5236:(4): 786–811. 5220: 5190: 5160: 5148: 5118: 5091:(4): 370–383. 5075: 5043: 5034: 5004: 4991: 4979: 4951: 4917: 4903: 4889: 4875: 4864: 4843: 4812: 4783: 4771: 4742: 4729: 4705: 4675: 4666: 4641: 4622: 4592: 4562: 4533: 4499: 4489: 4471: 4457: 4414: 4390: 4378: 4347: 4318: 4311: 4279: 4258: 4237: 4215: 4191: 4174: 4165:Daily American 4151: 4140:Marquis, Don. 4132: 4115:new script.com 4102: 4071: 4054:New York times 4039: 4014: 3991: 3978:978-0521291880 3977: 3955: 3932: 3917: 3898: 3868: 3854:978-0314201607 3853: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3810: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3656:Thrill killing 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3596:Capital murder 3593: 3578: 3576: 3575:Related topics 3573: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3565: 3564: 3554: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3535:clearance rate 3526: 3523: 3492:European Union 3445:Rio de Janeiro 3420: 3417: 3367: 3364: 3360:tetraethyllead 3320:homicide rates 3307: 3304: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3240: 3237: 3224: 3221: 3217:Virgin Islands 3196: 3193: 3129:secret society 3112: 3109: 3083: 3080: 3060:is one of the 3053: 3050: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2942: 2941: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2909: 2902: 2895: 2885: 2884: 2875: 2866: 2853: 2839: 2836: 2777:Main article: 2774: 2771: 2745:Main article: 2742: 2739: 2715: 2714: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2678:torture murder 2674: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2653: 2651:sexual assault 2647: 2642: 2637: 2634: 2622: 2619: 2611:George Moscone 2594: 2591: 2576: 2573: 2548: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2529: 2525: 2520:Article 122-1 2505:N.Y. Penal Law 2501: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2428: 2425: 2404: 2401: 2370: 2367: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2334: 2331:sexual assault 2327: 2320: 2313: 2302:terminally ill 2295: 2284:criminal trial 2275: 2272: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2257: 2254: 2244: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2188: 2185: 2163:§ 1111(a) 2102:capital murder 2074: 2071: 2018: 2017: 2006: 2003: 1996: 1993:Intent to kill 1989: 1978: 1977: 1967: 1964: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1941: 1938: 1931: 1928: 1925:non-combatants 1909: 1872: 1869: 1832: 1829: 1771:Middle English 1710:Proto-Germanic 1692: 1689: 1677:incapacitation 1673:rehabilitation 1592: 1591: 1589: 1588: 1581: 1574: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1485: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1465: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1448: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1395: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1316:In English law 1310: 1309: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1288: 1283: 1281:Torture murder 1278: 1276:Thrill killing 1273: 1268: 1267: 1266: 1264:Angel of mercy 1256: 1254:Pseudocommando 1251: 1246: 1241: 1239:Murder–suicide 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1106: 1105: 1099: 1098: 1092: 1091: 1083: 1082: 1080: 1079: 1072: 1065: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 992: 991: 987: 986: 985: 984: 979: 974: 969: 959: 954: 949: 944: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 899: 898: 892: 891: 890: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 856: 855: 851: 850: 849: 848: 843: 838: 833: 825: 824: 820: 819: 818: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 769: 764: 759: 757:Hostage-taking 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 721: 720: 716: 715: 714: 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 675: 674: 670: 669: 668: 667: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 540: 539: 535: 534: 533: 532: 527: 525:Sexual slavery 522: 520:Sexual assault 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 444: 443: 437: 436: 435: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 408: 407: 397: 396: 395: 385: 380: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 282: 281: 275: 274: 273: 272: 267: 262: 257: 249: 248: 242: 241: 240: 239: 229: 223: 210: 209: 205: 204: 203: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 169: 168: 161: 160: 159: 158: 153: 148: 141: 131: 130: 124: 123: 117: 116: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10071: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10049:Violent crime 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10031: 10029: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10008: 10005: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9972: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9943: 9941: 9937: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9874:Homosexuality 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9843: 9841: 9837: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9808: 9804: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9760: 9758: 9753: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9714: 9712: 9707: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9674:Miscegenation 9672: 9669: 9665: 9661: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9594: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9554:Pickpocketing 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9468: 9466: 9461: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9426: 9423: 9422: 9421: 9418: 9414: 9411: 9410: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9400: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9360:Home invasion 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9310:Assassination 9308: 9307: 9303: 9301: 9297: 9290: 9284: 9279: 9275: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9231: 9229: 9225: 9221: 9219: 9212: 9208: 9200: 9195: 9193: 9188: 9186: 9181: 9180: 9177: 9165: 9157: 9155: 9147: 9146: 9143: 9137: 9134: 9130: 9125: 9122: 9118: 9115: 9114: 9113: 9110: 9106: 9103: 9102: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8920: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8913:Death anxiety 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8898:Darwin Awards 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8875: 8873: 8869: 8863: 8860: 8856: 8855:Biostratinomy 8853: 8852: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8814: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8799: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8767:Necropolitics 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8737: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8691: 8689: 8685: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8645: 8643: 8639: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8603: 8602: 8601:Reincarnation 8599: 8597: 8594: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8524: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8504:Other aspects 8501: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8455:Body donation 8453: 8451: 8448: 8447: 8444: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8422:Dismemberment 8420: 8418: 8415: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8402: 8401: 8398: 8397: 8395: 8393: 8389: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8367:Mummification 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8342: 8341: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8331: 8325: 8324:Fossilization 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8314:Decomposition 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8289:Pallor mortis 8287: 8286: 8284: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8274: 8269: 8266: 8262: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8244: 8241: 8240: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8228: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8177: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8114: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8047: 8044: 8043: 8042: 8039: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8011: 8008: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7896: 7895: 7892: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7849: 7848: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7836: 7833: 7829: 7825: 7818: 7813: 7811: 7806: 7804: 7799: 7798: 7795: 7788: 7785: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7750: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7715: 7713: 7696: 7692: 7685: 7683: 7668:on 2012-07-01 7667: 7663: 7656: 7641: 7634: 7626: 7620: 7616: 7609: 7603: 7602:1-59033-970-3 7599: 7595: 7591: 7590: 7586: 7583: 7576: 7565: 7561: 7554: 7553: 7545: 7539: 7538:1-4129-6047-9 7535: 7531: 7530: 7526: 7523: 7516: 7508: 7504: 7498: 7487: 7480: 7474: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7443: 7441: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7410: 7394: 7390: 7384: 7370:on 2010-06-12 7369: 7365: 7359: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7341: 7335: 7321: 7314: 7296: 7289: 7283: 7268: 7264: 7258: 7240: 7233: 7227: 7225: 7206: 7199: 7193: 7175: 7168: 7162: 7147: 7143: 7137: 7122: 7118: 7112: 7097: 7093: 7087: 7069: 7062: 7056: 7042:on 2011-10-16 7038: 7031: 7025: 7007: 7000: 6994: 6979: 6975: 6971: 6964: 6949: 6945: 6939: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6909: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6878: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6848: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6818: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6788: 6782: 6781:0-06-073132-X 6778: 6772: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6720: 6718: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6687: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6669: 6665: 6659: 6657: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6626: 6611: 6607: 6601: 6593: 6589: 6582: 6571:September 17, 6566: 6562: 6561: 6556: 6549: 6542: 6541: 6537: 6534: 6527: 6511: 6505: 6497: 6491: 6487: 6486: 6478: 6470: 6464: 6460: 6459: 6451: 6444: 6438: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6415: 6408:(in Spanish). 6407: 6403: 6396: 6382:on 2010-12-19 6381: 6377: 6371: 6363: 6357: 6353: 6346: 6331: 6327: 6321: 6313: 6309: 6302: 6294: 6288: 6284: 6277: 6270: 6265: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6228: 6220: 6212: 6206: 6202: 6201: 6193: 6185: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6160: 6152: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6119: 6117: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6089: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6058: 6050: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6006: 5999: 5991: 5985: 5977: 5975:9780128125298 5971: 5967: 5960: 5949: 5945: 5944: 5936: 5929: 5927: 5918: 5914: 5908: 5901: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5889: 5883: 5868: 5864: 5862: 5854: 5839: 5835: 5833: 5825: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5795: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5765: 5758: 5755: 5749: 5741: 5735: 5731: 5730: 5722: 5714: 5713: 5705: 5697: 5691: 5687: 5686: 5678: 5663: 5659: 5653: 5638: 5634: 5628: 5620: 5614: 5600: 5596: 5590: 5579: 5573: 5559: 5555: 5554:"Hein Online" 5549: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5526: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5492: 5485: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5455: 5447: 5441: 5432: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5410: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5379: 5372: 5366: 5359: 5353: 5346: 5340: 5333: 5329: 5324: 5317: 5311: 5309: 5300: 5294: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5272: 5265: 5259: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5224: 5210:on 2007-11-02 5209: 5205: 5201: 5194: 5180:on 2007-11-02 5179: 5175: 5171: 5164: 5157: 5152: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5122: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5079: 5063: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5047: 5038: 5031: 5018: 5014: 5008: 5001: 4995: 4988: 4983: 4976: 4972: 4969: 4965: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4948: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4921: 4913: 4907: 4899: 4893: 4885: 4879: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4847: 4829: 4822: 4816: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4781: 4775: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4746: 4732: 4726: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4709: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4679: 4670: 4656:on 2010-12-03 4655: 4651: 4645: 4637: 4633: 4626: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4537: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4503: 4493: 4486:(in Spanish). 4485: 4481: 4475: 4467: 4461: 4454: 4450: 4447:, (1991) 172 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4431:, (1985) 156 4430: 4426: 4425: 4418: 4411: 4407: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4387: 4382: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4351: 4343: 4337: 4329: 4322: 4314: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4275: 4269: 4261: 4259:9781474320184 4255: 4251: 4244: 4242: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4219: 4205: 4201: 4195: 4184: 4178: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4147: 4146:web.csulb.edu 4143: 4136: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4106: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4075: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4043: 4027: 4026: 4018: 4011: 4007: 4003: 4000: 3995: 3980: 3974: 3969: 3968: 3959: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3920: 3918:9780553583229 3914: 3910: 3909: 3902: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3872: 3856: 3850: 3846: 3845: 3838: 3834: 3820: 3814: 3807: 3801: 3797: 3786: 3785:United States 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3587: 3586:head of state 3583: 3582:Assassination 3580: 3579: 3570: 3567: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3549: 3546:Related lists 3538: 3536: 3532: 3525:Investigation 3522: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3511:Massachusetts 3508: 3504: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3488: 3484: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3453: 3446: 3441: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3419:United States 3416: 3412: 3409: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3386: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3375:Western world 3372: 3363: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3347: 3340: 3336: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3321: 3312: 3303: 3301: 3296: 3251: 3246: 3236: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3169:Aztec Warfare 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3123:, a militant 3122: 3119:derives from 3118: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3096:greatest sins 3094:, one of the 3093: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3070: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3023:blood revenge 3018: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3003: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2979: 2974: 2960: 2958: 2954: 2949: 2947: 2939: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2912:Hyperglycemia 2910: 2907: 2903: 2900: 2897:Reduction in 2896: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2888: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2864: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2844: 2843: 2835: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2824:Ex Post Facto 2821: 2815: 2814:'s approval. 2813: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2780: 2770: 2767: 2761: 2759: 2754: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2735:life sentence 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2712: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2640:Lying in wait 2638: 2635: 2633:Premeditation 2632: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607:assassination 2604: 2600: 2590: 2587: 2583: 2575:Unintentional 2572: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2544: 2535: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2515: 2506: 2500: 2496: 2494: 2486: 2482: 2475: 2472: 2468: 2467: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2450:schizophrenia 2447: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2400: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2376: 2362: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2346:honor killing 2343: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2307: 2306:double effect 2303: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2218: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2204: 2203: 2198: 2194: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2168:criminal code 2164: 2160: 2155: 2151: 2150:death penalty 2147: 2143: 2142:life sentence 2138: 2133: 2131: 2130:felony murder 2127: 2123: 2119: 2118:lying in wait 2115: 2111: 2110:strangulation 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2081: 2070: 2068: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2035: 2031: 2028: 2027:deadly weapon 2024: 2015: 2014:felony murder 2011: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1927:during a war. 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1878: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1851:Opponents of 1849: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1828: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1681:life sentence 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1659: 1658:guilty intent 1655: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1609:justification 1606: 1602: 1598: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1564: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1506:Friendly fire 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1350: 1349: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1260: 1259:Serial killer 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1224:Mass stabbing 1222: 1220: 1219:Mass shooting 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1165:Honor killing 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1120:Assassination 1118: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1078: 1073: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1059: 1058: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 995: 994: 993: 989: 988: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 967: 963: 960: 958: 957:Justification 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 942: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 902: 901: 900: 897: 894: 893: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 859: 858: 857: 853: 852: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 828: 827: 826: 822: 821: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 790:Miscegenation 788: 785: 781: 777: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 724: 723: 722: 718: 717: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 678: 677: 676: 672: 671: 666: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 626:Pickpocketing 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 543: 542: 541: 537: 536: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 475:Homosexuality 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 447: 446: 445: 442: 439: 438: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 406: 403: 402: 401: 398: 394: 391: 390: 389: 386: 384: 381: 378: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 338:Home invasion 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 288:Assassination 286: 285: 284: 283: 280: 277: 276: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 252: 251: 250: 247: 244: 243: 237: 233: 230: 227: 224: 221: 217: 214: 213: 212: 211: 207: 206: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 172: 171: 170: 167: 163: 162: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 146: 142: 140: 139: 135: 134: 133: 132: 129: 126: 125: 122: 119: 118: 114: 110: 109: 97: 93: 89: 83: 82: 81:Double Murder 74: 67: 62: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 18:Triple-murder 9964:Solicitation 9899:Prostitution 9889:Masturbation 9720:Lèse-majesté 9709:Against the 9504:Embezzlement 9395:Manslaughter 9380:Intimidation 9218:jurisdiction 9215: 9010:Death threat 8893:Dark tourism 8835:Necrobiology 8777:Right to die 8761: 8735: 8694:Abortion law 8618:Resurrection 8606:Palingenesis 8503: 8465:Coffin birth 8372:Plastination 8333:Preservation 8309:Putrefaction 8304:Rigor mortis 8299:Algor mortis 8294:Livor mortis 8271: 8227:Memento mori 8225: 8078:Lazarus sign 8058:Death rattle 8001:Suicide gene 7986:Karyorrhexis 7877:Fat necrosis 7747:Bibliography 7735:10 September 7733:. Retrieved 7724: 7701:10 September 7699:. Retrieved 7670:. Retrieved 7666:the original 7655: 7643:. Retrieved 7633: 7614: 7608: 7580: 7575: 7551: 7544: 7520: 7515: 7507:the original 7497: 7486:the original 7473: 7462:10 September 7460:. Retrieved 7451: 7429:10 September 7427:. Retrieved 7418: 7409: 7399:10 September 7397:. Retrieved 7383: 7372:. Retrieved 7368:the original 7358: 7334: 7323:. Retrieved 7313: 7302:. Retrieved 7282: 7271:. Retrieved 7257: 7246:. Retrieved 7212:. Retrieved 7192: 7181:. Retrieved 7161: 7150:. Retrieved 7136: 7125:. Retrieved 7111: 7100:. Retrieved 7086: 7075:. Retrieved 7055: 7044:. Retrieved 7037:the original 7024: 7013:. Retrieved 6993: 6982:. Retrieved 6973: 6963: 6952:. Retrieved 6938: 6928:10 September 6926:. Retrieved 6917: 6908: 6897:10 September 6895:. Retrieved 6886: 6877: 6865:. Retrieved 6856: 6847: 6835:. Retrieved 6826: 6817: 6806:. Retrieved 6798:Mother Jones 6797: 6787: 6771: 6760:the original 6746: 6729: 6725: 6706:10 September 6704:. Retrieved 6695: 6686: 6663: 6644:. Retrieved 6635: 6625: 6614:. Retrieved 6600: 6594:(in German). 6591: 6581: 6569:. Retrieved 6558: 6548: 6531: 6526: 6516:14 September 6514:. Retrieved 6504: 6484: 6477: 6457: 6450: 6442: 6437: 6428: 6424: 6414: 6405: 6395: 6384:. Retrieved 6380:the original 6370: 6351: 6345: 6334:. Retrieved 6320: 6312:The Guardian 6311: 6301: 6282: 6276: 6268: 6264: 6231: 6225: 6219: 6199: 6192: 6165: 6159: 6132: 6128: 6098: 6088: 6071: 6067: 6057: 6012: 6008: 5998: 5965: 5959: 5941: 5907: 5902: (2001). 5886: 5882: 5871:. Retrieved 5860: 5853: 5842:. Retrieved 5831: 5824: 5813:. Retrieved 5804: 5794: 5782:. Retrieved 5773: 5764: 5753: 5748: 5728: 5721: 5711: 5704: 5684: 5677: 5666:. Retrieved 5661: 5652: 5641:. Retrieved 5639:(in Italian) 5636: 5627: 5613: 5602:. Retrieved 5598: 5589: 5572: 5561:. Retrieved 5557: 5548: 5535: 5525: 5515:10 September 5513:. Retrieved 5501: 5497: 5484: 5474:10 September 5472:. Retrieved 5463: 5454: 5440: 5431: 5418: 5409: 5401:the original 5396: 5387: 5378: 5365: 5352: 5339: 5327: 5323: 5293: 5285:the original 5280: 5271: 5258: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5212:. Retrieved 5208:the original 5203: 5193: 5182:. Retrieved 5178:the original 5173: 5163: 5151: 5139:. Retrieved 5130: 5121: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5066:. Retrieved 5055: 5046: 5037: 5021:. Retrieved 5007: 4994: 4986: 4982: 4963: 4946: 4939:. Retrieved 4930: 4920: 4906: 4892: 4878: 4856:Criminal Law 4855: 4846: 4835:. Retrieved 4815: 4804:. Retrieved 4795: 4786: 4774: 4763:. Retrieved 4754: 4745: 4734:. Retrieved 4719: 4715: 4708: 4697:. Retrieved 4688: 4678: 4669: 4658:. Retrieved 4654:the original 4644: 4635: 4625: 4615:10 September 4613:. Retrieved 4604: 4595: 4585:10 September 4583:. Retrieved 4574: 4565: 4554:. Retrieved 4545: 4536: 4525:. Retrieved 4516: 4512: 4502: 4492: 4483: 4474: 4460: 4440: 4421: 4417: 4398: 4393: 4385: 4381: 4371:10 September 4369:. Retrieved 4360: 4350: 4327: 4321: 4302: 4249: 4225: 4218: 4207:. Retrieved 4203: 4194: 4177: 4164: 4154: 4145: 4135: 4123:. Retrieved 4114: 4105: 4093:. Retrieved 4084: 4074: 4062:. Retrieved 4053: 4042: 4032:10 September 4030:. Retrieved 4024: 4017: 4009: 3994: 3984:10 September 3982:. Retrieved 3966: 3958: 3946:The Guardian 3945: 3935: 3924:10 September 3922:. Retrieved 3907: 3901: 3891:10 September 3889:. Retrieved 3880: 3871: 3860:10 September 3858:. Retrieved 3843: 3837: 3813: 3806:malice (law) 3800: 3601:Child murder 3528: 3500: 3480: 3477: 3454: 3450: 3413: 3391: 3371:Murder rates 3369: 3348: 3344: 3324: 3317: 3292: 3288: >20 3226: 3213:Arthur Hodge 3208: 3198: 3168: 3167:, author of 3116: 3114: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3085: 3055: 3039: 3020: 2999: 2983: 2950: 2943: 2934:Malnutrition 2916:Hypoglycemia 2892:Testosterone 2886: 2877: 2868: 2855: 2846: 2841: 2832: 2816: 2805: 2801: 2782: 2769:to survive. 2762: 2750: 2719:first-degree 2716: 2704: 2624: 2596: 2584:constitutes 2582:manslaughter 2578: 2550: 2541: 2519: 2511: 2498: 2490: 2485:Aaron Alexis 2440: 2421:side-effects 2406: 2397:Stanley Mosk 2379: 2372: 2338:family honor 2247:Self-defense 2229: 2207: 2200: 2197:public wrong 2196: 2190: 2180: 2176: 2134: 2106: 2091: 2085: 2079: 2063: 2058: 2050: 2048: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2022: 2020: 2016:" doctrine). 1986: 1982:manslaughter 1979: 1970: 1950:■ of a human 1913:self-defense 1903: 1900: 1896: 1889:set out the 1884: 1874: 1861:legal person 1850: 1834: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1787: 1780: 1773: 1766: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1662: 1654:manslaughter 1651: 1633: 1629:manslaughter 1621:jurisdiction 1596: 1595: 1348:jurisdiction 1345: 1344: 1307:Manslaughter 1271:Spree killer 1249:Proxy murder 1130:Child murder 1113:jurisdiction 1110: 1109: 1102: 982:Self-defense 939: 862:Lèse-majesté 576:Embezzlement 500:Prostitution 490:Masturbation 387: 373:Manslaughter 358:Intimidation 270:Solicitation 143: 136: 121:Criminal law 91: 80: 61: 46: 37:This is the 31: 9869:Fornication 9786:Obstruction 9766:Compounding 9574:Tax evasion 9325:Child abuse 9239:Misdemeanor 9127: [ 9085:Necrophobia 9080:Necrophilia 9050:Immortality 9005:Death squad 8985:Death panel 8970:Death march 8965:Death knell 8945:Death drive 8918:Death deity 8862:Thanatology 8811: [ 8757:Legal death 8736:in absentia 8714:Civil death 8559:Examination 8544:Crematorium 8427:Excarnation 8264:After death 8063:Dysthanasia 8029:Brain death 7961:Autoschizis 7939:Phenoptosis 7934:Parthanatos 7924:Necroptosis 7831:In medicine 7645:21 December 7144:. Rosstat. 6679:Jill Lepore 6431:(4): 46–51. 6242:: 159–168. 6101:: 161–174. 6068:Criminology 5664:(in German) 5662:Jura Online 5637:Brocardi.it 4546:findlaw.com 4046:See, e.g., 3822:treatments. 3780:Switzerland 3740:Netherlands 3621:Mass murder 3616:Letting die 3496:too complex 3483:gun control 3473:trauma care 3406:full table 3352:Prohibition 3339:Middle Ages 3282: 10–20 3205:Mississippi 3189:lower class 3179:. Japanese 3165:Ross Hassig 3121:Hashshashin 3073:Deuteronomy 2976:A group of 2698:Hate crimes 2615:Harvey Milk 2556:infanticide 2388:section 187 2288:due process 2261:provocation 2241:Laws of war 2202:malum in se 2173:Netherlands 2154:federal law 1969:Originally 1881:Edward Coke 1841:journalists 1819:*murþrijaną 1733:*murþrijaną 1722:Old English 1665:retribution 1652:Involuntary 1643:provocation 1603:of another 1553:Tyrannicide 1491:Crucifixion 1434:Neonaticide 1429:Infanticide 1214:Mass murder 1204:Lust murder 977:Provocation 701:Obstruction 681:Compounding 646:Tax evasion 470:Fornication 303:Child abuse 232:Misdemeanor 156:Concurrence 103: 1600 10028:Categories 9977:WikiSource 9959:Incitement 9954:Conspiracy 9829:Bestiality 9781:Misprision 9745:Subversion 9699:War crimes 9694:Usurpation 9621:Corruption 9499:Cybercrime 9385:Kidnapping 9365:Hate crime 9355:Harassment 9335:Defamation 9289:Law portal 9264:Corruption 9254:Indictable 9234:Infraction 9055:Last rites 9025:Extinction 8995:Death pose 8990:Death poem 8960:Death hoax 8940:Death camp 8933:Psychopomp 8808:Death tech 8663:Necromancy 8641:Paranormal 8623:Underworld 8475:Dissection 8437:Resomation 8432:Promession 8410:Sky burial 8377:Prosection 8362:Maceration 8073:Euthanasia 7991:Karyolysis 7949:Pyroptosis 7929:Paraptosis 7839:Cell death 7672:2010-06-25 7374:2010-06-25 7325:2020-07-28 7304:2012-06-11 7273:2012-06-10 7248:2012-06-18 7214:2011-08-02 7183:2012-06-05 7152:2011-04-03 7127:2011-09-14 7102:2012-06-05 7077:2012-06-05 7046:2011-09-11 7015:2012-06-05 6984:2010-04-30 6954:2012-06-05 6918:Infoplease 6808:2017-08-14 6646:2011-01-27 6616:2010-06-25 6386:2010-06-25 6336:2013-04-23 5873:2015-06-14 5844:2015-06-14 5815:2015-02-28 5668:2024-02-29 5643:2024-02-29 5604:2024-02-29 5563:2024-02-29 5332:s 19B 5281:Justia Law 5214:2007-11-01 5184:2007-11-01 5023:2007-10-23 4837:2017-10-03 4806:2014-10-23 4796:Yahoo News 4765:2014-10-23 4736:2010-06-25 4699:2007-11-01 4660:2010-06-25 4556:2018-03-13 4527:2018-03-13 4453:High Court 4441:Royall v R 4437:High Court 4209:2020-09-13 4125:October 2, 4095:October 3, 3948:. London. 3830:References 3636:Nonkilling 3562:Axe murder 3519:California 3513:to 76% in 3300:bellwether 3276: 5–10 3243:See also: 3173:sacrificed 3011:headhunter 2863:mercy kill 2826:Clause of 2758:Ryan Holle 2723:aggravated 2711:German law 2657:kidnapping 2512:Under the 2460:and other 2458:sociopathy 2448:caused by 2413:Depression 2385:penal code 2381:California 2317:sex worker 2298:Euthanasia 2237:war crimes 2221:Exclusions 2193:common law 2187:Common law 1917:combatants 1908:■ unlawful 1891:common law 1883:), in his 1871:Definition 1837:defamation 1778:Old French 1720:), whence 1706:"to die". 1669:deterrence 1627:, such as 1511:Gendercide 1451:Sororicide 1446:Fratricide 1420:Prolicide 1411:Mariticide 1406:Familicide 1370:Euthanasia 935:Entrapment 910:Automatism 887:Subversion 846:Bestiality 815:War crimes 810:Usurpation 737:Corruption 696:Misprision 571:Cybercrime 363:Kidnapping 343:Hate crime 333:Harassment 313:Defamation 265:Incitement 260:Conspiracy 226:Infraction 185:Complicity 180:Accomplice 138:Actus reus 9987:Wikiquote 9929:Voyeurism 9909:Pederasty 9894:Obscenity 9735:Secession 9730:Espionage 9689:Terrorism 9651:Smuggling 9589:Vandalism 9569:Smuggling 9509:Extortion 9484:Blackmail 9399:corporate 9205:Types of 9100:Sacrifice 9095:Predation 9060:Longevity 8850:Taphonomy 8787:Trust law 8742:Death row 8527:Afterlife 8480:Gibbeting 8417:Cremation 8382:Taxidermy 8357:Embalming 8233:Micromort 8179:Mortality 7956:Autolysis 7914:Autophagy 7909:Apoptosis 7596:. p. 23. 5984:cite book 5784:14 August 5158:, art.106 5113:144571256 5105:1081-602X 4388:1 QB 290. 4336:cite book 4330:. London. 4268:cite book 3720:Hong Kong 3670:Australia 3503:forensics 3469:Hispanics 3394:Hong Kong 3335:Stockholm 3270: 2–5 3264: 1–2 3258: 0–1 3239:Incidence 3115:The term 2957:São Paulo 2938:junk food 2899:serotonin 2793:causation 2785:defendant 2706:Heimtücke 2636:Poisoning 2609:of Mayor 2603:Dan White 2568:black cap 2507:, § 40.15 2471:defendant 2469:That the 2446:psychosis 2210:precedent 2159:18 U.S.C. 2114:poisoning 2059:homicidio 2051:asesinato 1930:■ killing 1845:convicted 1790:(compare 1729:*murþrijô 1718:*mŕ̥-trom 1700:*mŕ̥-trom 1691:Etymology 1617:intention 1611:or valid 1558:War crime 1521:Androcide 1468:Patricide 1463:Matricide 1458:Parricide 1441:Siblicide 1416:Uxoricide 1375:Foeticide 1244:Poisoning 1160:Foeticide 998:Contracts 972:Necessity 877:Secession 872:Espionage 805:Terrorism 767:Smuggling 661:Vandalism 641:Smuggling 581:Extortion 556:Blackmail 530:Voyeurism 510:Pederasty 495:Obscenity 377:corporate 200:Vicarious 195:Principal 190:Corporate 175:Accessory 166:liability 151:Causation 10054:Violence 9992:Wikinews 9849:Adultery 9819:Poaching 9755:Against 9740:Sedition 9684:Regicide 9636:Genocide 9611:Apostasy 9593:Mischief 9529:Gambling 9494:Burglary 9465:property 9463:Against 9447:Stabbing 9442:Stalking 9425:Homicide 9390:Menacing 9370:Homicide 9154:Category 9124:Thanabot 9075:Necronym 9045:Homicide 8596:Obituary 8584:Mourning 8574:Internet 8517:Cemetery 8392:Disposal 8345:Cryonics 8014:Abortion 7981:Pyknosis 7847:Necrosis 7729:Archived 7695:Archived 7585:Archived 7564:Archived 7525:Archived 7456:Archived 7423:Archived 7393:Archived 7343:Archived 7295:Archived 7267:Archived 7239:Archived 7205:Archived 7174:Archived 7146:Archived 7121:Archived 7096:Archived 7068:Archived 7006:Archived 6978:Archived 6974:BBC News 6948:Archived 6922:Archived 6891:Archived 6861:Archived 6831:Archived 6802:Archived 6700:Archived 6671:Archived 6640:Archived 6610:Archived 6565:Archived 6560:CBS News 6536:Archived 6330:Archived 6151:10748663 6107:89070703 6103:ProQuest 6049:32422646 6009:PLOS ONE 5966:Homicide 5948:Archived 5917:Archived 5867:Archived 5838:Archived 5809:Archived 5805:Newsweek 5778:Archived 5774:Radio NZ 5712:Mens rea 5540:Archived 5506:Archived 5468:Archived 5423:Archived 5135:Archived 5062:Archived 5017:Archived 4971:Archived 4941:July 29, 4935:Archived 4870:Archived 4828:Archived 4800:Archived 4759:Archived 4755:ABC News 4693:Archived 4609:Archived 4579:Archived 4550:Archived 4521:Archived 4406:Archived 4386:R v Tait 4365:Archived 4301:(2001). 4231:Archived 4204:The Star 4169:Archived 4119:Archived 4089:Archived 4064:4 August 4058:Archived 4002:Archived 3999:"Murder" 3950:Archived 3885:Archived 3877:"Murder" 3760:Portugal 3541:See also 3515:San Jose 3233:vendetta 3207:case of 3183:had the 3145:Crusader 3117:assassin 3082:In Islam 3027:weregild 2994:jealousy 2944:Certain 2870:Loathing 2753:doctrine 2751:A legal 2586:reckless 2564:commuted 2530:— 2502:— 2493:New York 2454:dementia 2427:Insanity 2215:codified 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