525:
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114:
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47:
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483:. Spain under Philip V signed separate peace treaties with Savoy and Great Britain at Utrecht on 13 July. Negotiations at Utrecht dragged on into the next year, for the peace treaty between Spain and the Netherlands was only signed on 26 June 1714 and that between Spain and Portugal on 6 February 1715.
1237:
noted: "The finances of the country were based in May 1711 on the assumption that the
Asiento, or monopoly of the slave trade with Spanish America, would be wrested from France as an integral part of the terms of peace". Following the passage of the treaty, the British government gained a thirty-year
1726:
Britain had shaped Europe in her interests at the Treaty of
Utrecht in 1713. It soon became clear, however, that she had designed a system to deal with past threats, principally from France, rather than those of the future. The new challenges came first from Spain, which was unreconciled to the loss
1692:
While the final settlement at
Utrecht was far more favourable to France than the Allied offer of 1709 had been, it gained little that had not already been achieved through diplomacy by February 1701. Though France remained a great power, concern at its relative decline in military and economic terms
1554:
The Treaty stipulated that "because of the great danger which threatened the liberty and safety of all Europe, from the too close conjunction of the kingdoms of Spain and France, ... one and the same person should never become King of both kingdoms". Some historians argue this makes it a significant
454:
With Great
Britain, France and Spain having agreed to a "suspension of arms" (armistice) covering Spain on 19 August in Paris, the pace of negotiation quickened. The first treaty signed at Utrecht was the truce between France and Portugal on 7 November, followed by the truce between France and Savoy
289:
between April 1713 and
February 1715. The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne of Spain, and involved much of Europe for over a decade. The main action saw France as the defender of Spain against a multinational coalition. The war was very expensive and bloody, and finally stalemated.
2004:
Drescher: JANCAST (p. 451): "Jewish mercantile influence in the politics of the
Atlantic slave trade probably reached its peak in the opening years of the eighteenth century ... the political and the economic prospects of Dutch Sephardic capitalists rapidly faded, however, when the British emerged
1713:
That Treaty, which ushered in the stable and characteristic period of
Eighteenth-Century civilization, marked the end of danger to Europe from the old French monarchy, and it marked a change of no less significance to the world at large, – the maritime, commercial and financial supremacy of Great
1589:
For the individual signatories, Britain established naval superiority over its competitors, commercial access to Spain and
America, and control of Menorca and Gibraltar; it retains the latter territory to this day. France accepted the Protestant succession on the British throne, ensuring a smooth
1667:
taking place in its maritime provinces in Italy. Austria had traditionally relied on naval support from the Dutch, whose own capability had been severely degraded; Britain prevented the loss of Sicily and Naples in 1718 but refused to do so again in 1734. The dispute continued to loosen
Habsburg
2800:
Ruhe des jetzt lebenden Europa
Dargestellet in Sammlung der neuesten Europaeischen Friedens-Schlüße, Wie dieselbe unter Regierung ... Käyser Carl des VI. Von den Utrechtischen an biY auf dieses 1726te Jahr zum Vorschein gekommen; Dem Original-Text nach emendat und zuverläßig nebst guter und
1675:
The Dutch Republic ended the war effectively bankrupt, while the damage suffered by the Dutch merchant navy permanently affected their commercial and political strength and it was superseded by Britain as the pre-eminent European mercantile power. The acquisition of the
2801:
verbesserter Ubersetzung der mehresten StĂĽcke auch kurtzen Inhalt und Summarien Wie nicht weniger mit RemiĂźionen, Anmerckungen und Registern ... Als ein politisches Manual-Buch ausgefertiget. Erste und Andere Abtheilung: Die Ruhe gegen Frankreich und Spanien enthaltend
298:
of France) to keep the Spanish throne in return for permanently renouncing his claim to the French throne, along with other necessary guarantees that would ensure that France and Spain should not merge, thus preserving the balance of power in Europe.
794:
1680:
however became an important asset of Dutch foreign policy and enlarged their sphere of influence. Although judged favourably by contemporaries, it was later argued that the barrier proved to be largely illusory when put to the test during the
1445:. The Whigs were now a minority in the house, but still pushing their anti-peace agenda. The whigs opposed peace every step of the way. The Whigs even called the treaty a sellout for letting the duke of Anjou stay on the Spanish throne.
486:
Several other treaties came out of the congress of Utrecht. France signed treaties of commerce and navigation with Great Britain and the Netherlands (11 April 1713). Great Britain signed a like treaty with Spain (9 December 1713).
1613:
Spain retained the majority of its Empire and recovered remarkably quickly; the recapture of Naples and Sicily in 1718 was only prevented by British naval power and a second attempt was successful in 1734. The 1707, 1715 and 1716
451:. One of the first questions discussed was the nature of the guarantees to be given by France and Spain that their crowns would be kept separate, and little progress was made until 10 July 1712, when Philip signed a renunciation.
1216:, allowing French slave traders to supply 5,000 slaves to the Spanish Empire each year; France had gained control over this contract after Philip V had become King of Spain. After the British government gained access to the
1961:
1685:. The Dutch had in any case successfully defended their positions in the Southern Netherlands and their troops were central in the alliance which halted French territorial expansion in Europe until a new cycle began in
1475:
proved more flexible at the bargaining table and were characterized by the Whigs as "pro-French"; Oxford and Bolingbroke persuaded the Queen to create twelve new "Tory peers" to ensure ratification of the treaty in the
1228:
was established in hopes of gaining exclusive access to the contract. The British government sought to reduce its debt by increasing the volume of trade it had with Spain, which required gaining access to the
263:
1493:
in particular was of interest to the United Provinces, Dutch influence on the outcome of the negotiations was fairly insignificant, even though the talks were held on their territory. The French negotiator
258:
1155:
to remain as king. In return, Philip renounced the French throne, both for himself and his descendants, with reciprocal renunciations by French Bourbons to the Spanish throne, including Louis XIV's nephew
2943:
De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden als grote mogendheid: Buitenlandse politiek en oorlogvoering in de eerste helft van de achttiende eeuw en in het bijzonder tijdens de Oostenrijkse Successieoorlog
763:
628:
759:
690:
2292:, Lords Compton (Northampton) and Bruce (Ailesbury), and ten recruits, namely Lords Hay (Kinnoull), Mountjoy, Burton (Paget), Mansell, Middleton, Trevor, Lansdowne, Masham, Foley, and Bathurst.
1437:
in Britain would have liked, considering that the French had made overtures for peace in 1706 and again in 1709. The Whigs considered themselves the heirs of the staunch anti-French policies of
390:
1275:
in return for Catalonia's support for the Allies during the war, Spain only agreed to grant an amnesty, thus implying the imposition of the laws and institutions of Castile to the
435:
refused to do so until he was assured that the preliminaries were not binding. This assurance was given, and so in February the Imperial representatives made their appearance. As
524:
1167:
Great Britain was the main beneficiary; Utrecht marked the point at which it became the primary European commercial power. In Article X, Spain ceded the strategic ports of
894:
3552:
1640:
Despite failure in Spain, Austria secured its position in Italy and Hungary, allowing it to continue expansion into areas of South-East Europe previously held by the
601:
326:, helped end the war. The treaties were concluded between the representatives of Louis XIV of France and of his grandson Philip on one hand, and representatives of
3625:
898:
4414:
424:
1249:, block up the port and demolish the sluices that scour the harbour, shall never be reconstructed". This was because Dunkirk was the primary base for French
3288:
2160:
1502:, meaning that negotiations would be held "about you, around you, without you". The fact that Bolingbroke had secretly ordered the British commander,
3101:
3946:
3630:
1245:
The importance placed by British negotiators on commercial interests was demonstrated by their demand for France to "level the fortifications of
4434:
3806:
3371:
1921:
1468:
533:
1652:
funded a significant upgrade of the Austrian military. However, these gains were diminished by various factors, chiefly the disruption of the
953:
4206:
1813:
Articles preliminaires accordez & promis per le Roi T.C. pour servir de fondement aux Negociations de Geertruydenberg. Le 2. Janvier 1710
3266:
3088:
1556:
659:
655:
347:
4424:
2999:
1535:
51:
First edition of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and Spain in Spanish (left) and a later edition in Latin and English.
342:
on the other. Though the king of France ensured the Spanish crown for his dynasty, the treaties marked the end of French ambitions of
3498:
176:
4058:
3861:
4509:
4494:
4449:
4444:
4439:
1594:. While the war left all participants with unprecedented levels of government debt, only Great Britain successfully financed it.
1472:
1442:
1884:
467:. The main treaties of peace followed on 11 April 1713. These were five separate treaties between France and Great Britain, the
4399:
4284:
4260:
3603:
979:
767:
4504:
3618:
3613:
2951:
2931:
2729:
2698:
2636:
2599:
2549:
2524:
2399:
2143:
1591:
1663:
Attempts to ensure its succession involved Austria in wars of little strategic value; much of the fighting in the 1733–1735
3219:
3038:
2296:
1449:
1193:
411:. The preliminaries were based on a tacit acceptance of the partition of Spain's European possessions. Following this, the
395:
1868:
1597:
4459:
4409:
4255:
4235:
4083:
3989:
3596:
3116:
3111:
3106:
1279:, as it already happened in 1707 to the other occupied kingdoms of the Crown of Aragon. Spanish territories in Italy and
505:
428:
339:
160:
4454:
4179:
4088:
3774:
3399:
3293:
2897:
1510:(informing the French but not the Allies), and the fact that they secretly arrived at separate peace with France was a
31:
1962:"Rethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, The British Empire and the Atlantic World in the 17th and 18th Centuries"
4265:
4093:
3961:
3469:
3464:
3241:
2866:
2828:
2767:
2661:
2574:
2454:
2273:
2248:
2205:
2118:
1944:
1849:
1785:
1503:
1457:
17:
1991:
1668:
control over the Empire; Bavaria, Hanover, Prussia and Saxony increasingly acted as independent powers and in 1742,
4429:
4223:
4143:
4065:
3214:
1823:
1453:
1354:
was also ceded in its entirety to Britain. France retained its other pre-war North American possessions, including
1179:
303:
4372:
4240:
4189:
3841:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
2164:
1827:
1669:
1515:
1434:
3139:
1253:, as it was possible to reach the North Sea in a single tide and escape British patrols in the English Channel.
1157:
4474:
4218:
4078:
3823:
3796:
3163:
2992:
1694:
1606:
1308:
346:
in Europe expressed in the continuous wars of Louis XIV, and paved the way to the European system based on the
154:
142:
540:, in black coat, The Secretaries, in blue and yellow coats and the Count of Tarouca, crouched, in brown coat.
4394:
4196:
4184:
3259:
3121:
3078:
915:
553:
416:
331:
282:
189:
63:
4489:
1160:. These became increasingly important after a series of deaths between 1712 and 1714 left the five year old
4201:
4103:
3956:
3912:
3731:
3547:
3493:
3254:
2493:
1753:
1737:
1664:
1461:
327:
130:
2847:
2365:
1315:
in modern Uruguay to Portugal and recognised Portuguese sovereignty over the lands between the Amazon and
4270:
4148:
3801:
3758:
3514:
3042:
2314:
The State Policy of Modern Europe from the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century to the Present Time. Vol. I
528:
Signature of the Treaty of Utrecht between Portugal and Spain, in the Maliebaan, on 6 February 1715. The
455:
on 14 March 1713. That same day, Spain, Great Britain, France and the Empire agreed to the evacuation of
4514:
4469:
4348:
4307:
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4053:
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3249:
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1682:
1653:
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562:
4479:
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4136:
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3459:
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3283:
3033:
2985:
1686:
1634:
1276:
938:
4230:
3738:
3680:
3655:
3650:
3486:
3414:
3379:
3326:
3083:
3053:
2417:"The Origins of National Debt: The Financing and Re-financing of the War of the Spanish Succession"
1122:
1094:
1085:
1066:
1043:
1020:
948:
749:
618:
587:
307:
125:
2838:
Minorca, the Illusory Prize: A History of the British Occupations of Minorca Between 1708 and 1802
1897:
1312:
4464:
3939:
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495:
4484:
4419:
4001:
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823:
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663:
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3743:
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3534:
3519:
3441:
3341:
2516:
1366:
1339:
1272:
1025:
1826:
Strafford was hauled before a committee of Parliament for his part in the treaty, which the
632:
3902:
3884:
3791:
3748:
3703:
3591:
3346:
3209:
3063:
3022:
2289:
1649:
1615:
1578:. The idea was reflected in the wording of the treaties and resurfaced after the defeat of
1519:
1495:
1402:
1205:
529:
439:
was not yet recognized as its king, Spain did not at first send plenipotentiaries, but the
1590:
transition when Anne died in August 1714, and ended its support for the Stuarts under the
8:
4404:
3996:
3846:
3780:
3384:
3351:
3271:
3048:
1626:
1490:
1296:
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444:
412:
315:
229:
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2182:
4499:
4336:
4164:
4131:
4110:
4098:
3934:
3660:
3542:
3524:
2629:
Regeneration and Hegemony: Franco-Batavian Relations in the Revolutionary Era 1795–1803
2487:
2221:
2091:
1915:
1630:
1398:
1355:
974:
703:
432:
335:
164:
149:
2345:, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0198730721 hardback, ISBN 0198207344 paperback, p. 978
407:
had come to terms in October 1711, when the preliminaries of peace had been signed in
4355:
4302:
4043:
4038:
3336:
3231:
3133:
3129:
3073:
2967:
2947:
2927:
2920:
De Veertigjarige Oorlog 1672–1712: de strijd van de Nederlanders tegen de Zonnekoning
2876:
2862:
2843:
2831:
2824:
2816:
2763:
2725:
2694:
2657:
2632:
2595:
2570:
2545:
2520:
2509:
2475:
2450:
2416:
2395:
2269:
2244:
2201:
2139:
2114:
1940:
1845:
1781:
1622:
1583:
1514:, made the objections of the Allies pointless. In any case, the Dutch achieved their
1370:
1300:
1225:
1184:
1152:
1145:
1099:
1015:
997:
969:
963:
866:
861:
818:
813:
808:
731:
708:
681:
650:
623:
592:
583:
436:
420:
358:
311:
291:
137:
117:
101:
2974:
website, with particular focus on the renunciations and their later reconfirmations.
2791:
4360:
4292:
4048:
4006:
3476:
3394:
3331:
3316:
2569:. Vol. 7: The Old Regime, 1713–1763. Cambridge University Press. p. 420.
2083:
1563:
1540:
1507:
1343:
1209:
362:
354:
234:
209:
2293:
1989:
537:
448:
3726:
2907:
2902:
History of England, Comprising the Reign of Queen Anne until the Peace of Utrecht
2798:
2338:
2300:
1706:
1460:, and they wished for an end to Great Britain's participation in a European war.
366:
219:
214:
46:
3929:
3409:
3404:
3093:
2882:
1677:
1645:
1641:
1548:
1523:
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1292:
1284:
1234:
1221:
1201:
1090:
992:
943:
836:
784:
726:
645:
323:
319:
204:
184:
171:
113:
87:
4388:
3979:
3670:
3356:
3224:
1719:
1657:
1602:
1426:
1117:
1061:
1038:
889:
841:
789:
754:
596:
440:
404:
3147:
3068:
2074:
Moore, John Robert (1950). "Defoe, Steele, and the Demolition of Dunkirk".
1742:
1571:
1414:
1406:
278:
2970:
Brief discussion and extracts of the various treaties on François Velde's
1637:, although Catalonia and Aragon retained some of these rights until 1767.
3608:
3321:
2592:
The Road to Utrecht in Britain, Spain and the Treaty of Utrecht 1713–2013
1747:
1480:. The opponents of the treaty tried to rally support under the slogan of
1422:
1351:
1347:
1335:
1256:
468:
1992:"Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain"
3786:
2479:
2294:
David Backhouse, "Tory Tergiversation In The House of Lords, 1714–1760"
2095:
1555:
milestone in the evolution of the modern nation state and concept of a
1327:
1267:, some French forts listed were not built until thirty years after 1713
264:
Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain
249:
2198:
Culloden; Scotland's Last Battle and the Forging of the British Empire
259:
Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain
3177:
3008:
1656:
caused by Charles disinheriting his nieces in favour of his daughter
1418:
1250:
1168:
460:
456:
386:
295:
106:
2924:
The 40 Years' War 1672–1712: the Dutch struggle against the Sun King
2087:
381:
Europe in 1701 at the beginning of the War of the Spanish Succession
3155:
2977:
1579:
1397:. Note that New England was at this time depicted as bordering the
1331:
1304:
1280:
1161:
480:
343:
1990:
Anne, Queen of Great Britain; King Philip V of Spain (July 1713).
1570:, it was widely publicised in Britain by author and Tory satirist
1362:, then the most expensive military installation in North America.
415:
opened on 29 January 1712, with the British representatives being
4011:
2183:"A Collection of Treaties Between Great Britain and Other Powers"
1410:
1316:
1246:
1172:
909:
Navigation, commerce and other treaties of Utrecht and elsewhere
476:
377:
286:
83:
27:
1713–1715 peace treaties ending the War of the Spanish Succession
1605:
reduced Austria's gains from the war, and ultimately led to the
1271:
Under Article XIII and, despite the British demands to preserve
2394:(First ed.). Manchester University Press. pp. 93–95.
1320:
1288:
408:
2760:
Britain's Europe: A Thousand Years of Conflict and Cooperation
1140:
1471:(created Earl of Oxford and Mortimer on 23 May 1711) and the
1433:
The treaty's territorial provisions did not go as far as the
472:
464:
224:
2804:(in German). Coburg: Paul GĂĽnther Pfotenhauer. p. 1044
2670:
2343:
The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806
2329:, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0226106365, pp. 954–955
2243:(3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell. p. 363.
1621:
abolished regional political structures in the kingdoms of
1208:
itself, preferring to outsource this to foreign merchants.
499:
Participants in the War of the Spanish Succession in 1703.
2821:
Marlborough: His Life and Times, Bk. 2, vols. iii & iv
2608:
2515:(1980 ed.). University of California Press. pp.
1144:
Western Europe in 1714, after the Treaties of Utrecht and
3766:
2656:(2011 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 57.
2654:
The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy, Volume 2
2415:
Carlos, Ann; Neal, Larry; Wandschneider, Kirsten (2006).
1672:
became the first non-Habsburg Emperor in over 300 years.
1188:, which referred to the monopoly contract granted by the
431:
accepted the preliminaries and sent representatives, but
2185:. Printed for J. Stockdale – via Internet Archive.
302:
The treaties between several European states, including
30:"Treaty of Utrecht" redirects here. For other uses, see
2414:
1389:
547:
Peace and friendship treaties of Utrecht and elsewhere
2474:(Kindle ed.). 4173–4181: Pen and Sword Military.
1377:, although terms were not agreed with Spain until the
532:
is visible in the background. From left to right: The
2316:, Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts, p. 166
1369:
finally induced Charles to sign the 1714 treaties of
353:
Another enduring result has been the creation of the
3289:
Ornithological & Natural History Society (GONHS)
2354:
Article II, Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht.
2005:
with the asiento at the Peace of Utrecht in 1713".
1693:compared to Britain was an underlying cause of the
1058:Adjusted Commerce and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht
2508:
2181:George Chalmers, Great Britain (24 January 1790).
1644:. Even after paying expenses associated with the
781:Peace, Alliance and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht
4386:
3631:European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)
2720:. Modern Wars in Perspective. Longman. pp.
2133:
1506:, to withdraw from the Allied forces before the
1178:In a major coup for the British delegation, the
1114:Explanatory Peace and Commerce Treaty of Madrid
881:Adjusted Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht
833:Adjusted Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht
2848:"The peace of Utrecht and the balance of power"
2366:"The peace of Utrecht and the balance of power"
2180:
1869:"The Peace of Utrecht and the Balance of Power"
4415:Peace treaties of the Kingdom of Great Britain
2693:(3rd ed.). Wiley Blackwell. p. 364.
1780:(3rd ed.). Wiley Blackwell. p. 362.
1393:North America in 1760, immediately before the
1192:to other European nations to supply slaves to
2993:
2757:
1839:
1307:, and the bulk of the Duchy of Milan went to
1151:The Peace confirmed the Bourbon candidate as
2940:
2917:
2676:
2614:
2590:Elliott, John (2014). Dadson, Trevor (ed.).
2392:The Jacobites: Britain and Europe, 1688–1788
1417:occupied much of the region to the south of
1384:
1326:In North America, France recognised British
2449:. Princeton University Press. p. 591.
2288:The twelve peers consisted of two who were
2159:Campos, Luciano Rodrigues (21 April 2007).
2136:La Guerra de Sucesión en España (1700–1714)
2027:Africa, Its Geography, People, and Products
1895:
1842:The War of the Spanish Succession 1701–1714
1586:that dominated Europe in the 19th century.
1498:taunted the Dutch with the scathing remark
348:balance of power in international relations
3000:
2986:
2511:A History of the Habsburg Empire 1526–1918
2424:International Economic History Association
1920:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1536:Balance of power (international relations)
1012:Navigation and Commerce Treaty of Utrecht
989:Navigation and Commerce Treaty of Utrecht
578:Convention for the Evacuation of Catalonia
3499:Political development in modern Gibraltar
1899:Verslagen omtrent 's rijks oude Archieven
1464:and her advisors had also come to agree.
2873:History of European diplomacy, 1451–1789
2542:The War of Austrian Succession 1740–1748
2539:
2444:
2363:
2222:"Treaties of Utrecht – European history"
1934:
1596:
1539:
1388:
1255:
1220:, the economic prominence held by Dutch
1200:had come about due to the fact that the
1139:
908:
546:
523:
494:
376:
4172:
2786:Bruin, Renger and Cornelis Haven, eds.
2688:
2589:
2564:
2469:
2263:
2238:
2176:
2174:
2108:
1775:
1443:John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
1135:
746:Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht
615:Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht
14:
4387:
2796:
2626:
2389:
2364:Lesaffer, Randall (10 November 2014).
2158:
1863:
1861:
1833:
1035:Preliminary Commerce Treaty of Madrid
3882:
3701:
3439:
3189:
3020:
2981:
2859:The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714
2195:
2073:
1224:slaveowners began to fade, while the
580:and the Armistice in Italy (Utrecht)
391:peace negotiations in Geertruidenberg
4343:
3007:
2914:. 3 volumes. Longmans, Green and co.
2713:
2651:
2506:
2171:
177:States General of the Dutch Republic
4435:Peace treaties of the Ancien RĂ©gime
4367:
2840:(Associated University Press, 1990)
2788:Performances of Peace: Utrecht 1713
2290:summoned in their father's baronies
2017:Vol III, by G. M. Trevelyan, p. 123
1937:Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion
1858:
1830:considered not advantageous enough.
1467:The party in the administration of
1311:. In South America, Spain returned
1055:9 December 1713 (28 November 1713)
340:United Provinces of the Netherlands
24:
3775:Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation
2134:Albareda SalvadĂł, Joaquim (2010).
1959:
1648:, increased tax revenues from the
935:30 January 1713 (19 January 1713)
332:King Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
290:Essentially, the treaties allowed
281:signed by the belligerents in the
32:Treaty of Utrecht (disambiguation)
25:
4526:
4425:Peace treaties of the Netherlands
4094:Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned
3962:Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar
2961:
2946:(in Dutch). De Bataafsche Leeuw.
2797:Christ, Johann Friedrich (1726).
2631:. Martinus Nijhoff. p. 148.
2472:The War of the Spanish Succession
1576:A Review of the Affairs of France
1182:emerged from the treaty with the
1164:as his great-grandfather's heir.
4366:
4354:
4342:
4331:
4330:
3220:Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault
3176:
2968:"The Treaties of Utrecht (1713)"
2717:The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714
2567:The New Cambridge Modern History
2268:. Wiley Blackwell. p. 362.
2064:by Oliver Perry Chitwood, p. 345
1545:Allegory of the Peace of Utrecht
1405:occupied the geographic area of
1273:Catalan constitutions and rights
1194:Spain's colonies in the Americas
425:Thomas Wentworth, Lord Strafford
244:
183:
170:
159:
148:
136:
124:
112:
100:
45:
2823:. University of Chicago Press.
2780:
2751:
2738:
2707:
2682:
2652:Ward, Adolphus William (1922).
2645:
2620:
2583:
2558:
2533:
2500:
2463:
2438:
2408:
2383:
2357:
2348:
2332:
2327:Marlborough: His Life and Times
2319:
2306:
2282:
2257:
2232:
2214:
2189:
2152:
2127:
2113:. Continnuum-3PL. p. 233.
2102:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2039:Slavery and Augustan Literature
2032:
2020:
2008:
1998:
1983:
1953:
1885:Oxford Public International Law
1873:Oxford Public International Law
1212:France had previously held the
939:Second Barrier Treaty (Utrecht)
372:
4510:Frederick William I of Prussia
4495:Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
4450:Treaties of the Spanish Empire
4445:Treaties of the Dutch Republic
4440:Treaties of the Duchy of Savoy
3543:Black Swan Project controversy
2926:] (in Dutch). Prometheus.
2892:Vol. 1 The Reign of Queen Anne
2746:A shortened history of England
2691:Early Modern England 1485-1714
2266:Early Modern England 1485–1714
2241:Early Modern England 1485–1714
2200:. Little, Brown. p. 148.
1928:
1889:
1878:
1844:. Pen and Sword. p. 205.
1816:
1807:
1794:
1778:Early Modern England 1485–1714
1769:
1700:
1695:War of the Austrian Succession
1607:War of the Austrian Succession
1568:Essays on the Balance of Power
1086:Third Barrier Treaty (Antwerp)
1009:11 April 1713 (31 March 1713)
612:11 April 1713 (31 March 1713)
155:Frederick William I of Prussia
13:
1:
4400:War of the Spanish Succession
4059:Cathedral of the Holy Trinity
3190:
3079:Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar
2544:. Routledge. pp. 10–11.
2111:Corsairs and Navies 1600–1760
2062:A History of Colonial America
1994:. pp. Articles X and XI.
1939:. Harper Press. p. 470.
1802:A History of the Modern World
1762:
1500:de vous, chez vous, sans vous
1261:
389:of France agreed to commence
283:War of the Spanish Succession
190:Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
64:War of the Spanish Succession
4505:Anne, Queen of Great Britain
4104:Shrine of Our Lady of Europe
3913:Bayside Comprehensive School
3440:
2447:An Economic History of Spain
2138:. Ed. CrĂtica. p. 344.
2076:Huntington Library Quarterly
1754:Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate
1738:Disputed status of Gibraltar
1665:War of the Polish Succession
1529:
1425:had not yet been divided by
7:
3883:
3862:Vehicle registration plates
3802:Royal Gibraltar Post Office
3702:
3021:
2941:Van Nimwegen, Olaf (2002).
2918:Van Nimwegen, Olaf (2020).
1731:
1727:of its Mediterranean lands.
1601:Ensuring the succession of
1562:First mentioned in 1701 by
743:13 July 1713 (2 July 1713)
490:
361:. The French branch of the
328:Queen Anne of Great Britain
10:
4531:
4460:1713 in the Dutch Republic
3807:postage stamps and history
2852:Oxford Historical Treaties
1683:War of Austrian Succession
1654:Pragmatic Sanction of 1713
1533:
1456:had gained control of the
1367:Rhineland campaign of 1713
29:
4455:History of Utrecht (city)
4326:
4283:
4251:
4163:
4137:Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque
4119:
4031:
4022:
3970:
3895:
3891:
3878:
3832:
3757:
3714:
3710:
3697:
3666:Napier of Magdala Battery
3641:
3533:
3507:
3452:
3448:
3435:
3370:
3309:
3302:
3240:
3202:
3198:
3185:
3174:
3034:Neanderthals in Gibraltar
3029:
3016:
2887:Bolingbroke And His Times
2875:(1928) pp. 141–154;
2762:. Penguin Books Limited.
2161:"O Arbitramento No Amapá"
1635:Principality of Catalonia
1489:Although the fate of the
1385:Responses to the treaties
1277:Principality of Catalonia
1206:transatlantic slave trade
255:
242:
198:
93:
79:
71:
56:
44:
40:Peace (Treaty) of Utrecht
3681:Royal Gibraltar Regiment
3656:Gibraltar Defence Police
3651:British Forces Gibraltar
3054:First Siege of Gibraltar
2912:England Under Queen Anne
2689:Bocholz, Robert (2020).
2627:Kubben, Raymond (2011).
2594:. Routledge. p. 8.
2540:Anderson, M. S. (1995).
2492:: CS1 maint: location (
2445:Vives Vi, Jaime (1969).
2264:Bucholz, Robert (2020).
2239:Bucholz, Robert (2020).
2015:England Under Queen Anne
1776:Bucholz, Robert (2020).
1592:1716 Anglo-French Treaty
1379:1720 Treaty of The Hague
1346:. The French portion of
723:Peace Treaty of Utrecht
700:Peace Treaty of Utrecht
673:Peace Treaty of Utrecht
642:Peace Treaty of Utrecht
385:On 2 January 1710, king
4430:Peace treaties of Spain
3923:University of Gibraltar
3609:Sovereignty referendums
3267:Reptiles and amphibians
2832:online abridged edition
2565:Lindsay, J. O. (1957).
2507:Kann, Robert A (1974).
2470:Falkner, James (2015).
2390:Szechi, Daniel (1994).
2226:Encyclopædia Britannica
2109:Bromley, J. S. (1987).
1935:Somerset, Anne (2012).
916:New Style / (Old Style)
809:Peace Treaty of Rastatt
554:New Style / (Old Style)
513: France and allies
336:King John V of Portugal
285:, in the Dutch city of
4410:Gibraltar–Spain border
3852:Gibraltar–Spain border
3676:Royal Gibraltar Police
3415:St. Bernard's Hospital
3400:King George V Hospital
3089:George Augustus Eliott
2758:Brendan Simms (2016).
2325:Churchill, W. (2002).
2196:Royle, Trevor (2016).
2050:Capitalism and Slavery
2029:, by W. E. B. Du Bois
1840:James Falkner (2015).
1729:
1716:
1705:The British historian
1610:
1551:
1522:with the Austro-Dutch
1483:No Peace Without Spain
1439:William III of England
1430:
1365:The successful French
1360:Fortress of Louisbourg
1268:
1204:rarely engaged in the
1148:
541:
521:
382:
4475:1713 in Great Britain
3857:Shipping in Gibraltar
3122:Explosion of the RFA
2857:Lynn, John A (1999).
1902:(in Dutch). The Hague
1804:2nd ed. 1961, p. 234.
1758:composition by Handel
1724:
1718:The British academic
1711:
1600:
1543:
1392:
1358:, where it built the
1313:ColĂłnia do Sacramento
1259:
1143:
857:Peace Treaty of Baden
768:Spanish/Latin/English
527:
498:
380:
357:, which still is the
131:Anne of Great Britain
4395:History of Gibraltar
4266:Records in athletics
4241:Campo Gibraltar RUFC
4219:Football Association
4068:(Church of Scotland)
4066:St. Andrew's Church
3797:Regulatory Authority
3117:Maltese in Gibraltar
3112:Genoese in Gibraltar
3064:Capture of Gibraltar
2889:, 2 vols. (1901–02)
2299:28 June 2006 at the
1896:Netherlands (1893).
1650:Austrian Netherlands
1574:in his 1709 article
1520:Austrian Netherlands
1496:Melchior de Polignac
1473:Viscount Bolingbroke
1403:Province of New York
1136:Principal provisions
519: Neutral states
3997:Gibraltarian status
3781:Gibraltar Chronicle
3352:Strait of Gibraltar
3276:Iberis gibraltarica
3059:Battle of Gibraltar
3049:Pillars of Hercules
2714:Lynn, John (1999).
1504:the Duke of Ormonde
1491:Spanish Netherlands
1342:and territories in
1297:Spanish Netherlands
1283:were divided, with
1158:Philippe of Orléans
447:was represented by
445:Kingdom of Portugal
413:Congress of Utrecht
41:
4256:Commonwealth Games
4111:Trafalgar Cemetery
4099:Our Lady of Europe
3940:LlĂ©vame Donde NacĂ
3661:Gibraltar Squadron
3460:Constitution Order
3342:St. Michael's Cave
2854:10 Nov 1914 online
2836:Gregory, Desmond:
2817:Churchill, Winston
2312:Szabo, I. (1857).
1969:Warwick University
1867:Randall Lesaffer,
1709:has argued that:
1678:Barrier Fortresses
1670:Charles of Bavaria
1611:
1552:
1450:Parliament of 1710
1431:
1399:St. Lawrence River
1356:Cape Breton Island
1338:and its claims to
1309:Emperor Charles VI
1269:
1190:Spanish government
1180:British government
1149:
966:Treaty of Utrecht
542:
522:
443:sent one, and the
433:Emperor Charles VI
427:. Reluctantly the
383:
294:(grandson of King
165:John V of Portugal
143:Emperor Charles VI
39:
4515:Philip V of Spain
4470:1713 in Gibraltar
4382:
4381:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4279:
4278:
4159:
4158:
4079:Roman Catholicism
4044:Diocese in Europe
3874:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3824:Telephone numbers
3769:(Internet domain)
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3604:Political parties
3431:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3337:Rock of Gibraltar
3232:Iberian Peninsula
3172:
3171:
3134:Death on the Rock
3130:Operation Flavius
3074:Treaty of Utrecht
2953:978-90-6707-540-4
2933:978-90-446-3871-4
2879:pp. 165–182.
2871:Mowat, Robert B.
2844:Lesaffer, Randall
2731:978-0-582-05629-9
2700:978-1-118-53222-5
2677:Van Nimwegen 2020
2638:978-90-04-18558-6
2615:Van Nimwegen 2002
2601:978-1-909662-22-3
2551:978-0-582-05950-4
2526:978-0-520-04206-3
2401:978-0-7190-3774-0
2145:978-84-9892-060-4
1584:Concert of Europe
1301:Kingdom of Naples
1291:and parts of the
1240:Asiento de Negros
1231:Asiento de Negros
1226:South Sea Company
1218:Asiento de Negros
1214:Asiento de Negros
1198:Asiento de Negros
1185:Asiento de Negros
1153:Philip V of Spain
1146:Treaty of Rastatt
1133:
1132:
1111:14 December 1715
1100:Holy Roman Empire
1082:15 November 1715
980:German (p. 91–96)
970:Holy Roman Empire
904:
903:
862:Holy Roman Empire
853:7 September 1714
584:Holy Roman Empire
421:Bishop of Bristol
359:Monarchy of Spain
271:
270:
118:Philip V of Spain
18:Treaty of Utrecht
16:(Redirected from
4522:
4490:Queen Anne's War
4480:1713 in Portugal
4370:
4369:
4358:
4346:
4345:
4334:
4333:
4271:Victoria Stadium
4170:
4169:
4069:
4054:Bishop suffragan
4029:
4028:
3893:
3892:
3880:
3879:
3770:
3712:
3711:
3699:
3698:
3450:
3449:
3437:
3436:
3395:Garrison Library
3317:Bay of Gibraltar
3307:
3306:
3279:
3260:Barbary macaques
3200:
3199:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3097:
3018:
3017:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2979:
2978:
2957:
2937:
2898:Stanhope, Philip
2813:
2811:
2809:
2774:
2773:
2755:
2749:
2744:G.M. Trevelyan,
2742:
2736:
2735:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2514:
2504:
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2483:
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2442:
2436:
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2431:
2421:
2412:
2406:
2405:
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2355:
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2336:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2310:
2304:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2167:on 22 June 2008.
2163:. Archived from
2156:
2150:
2149:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1966:
1960:Pincus, Steven.
1957:
1951:
1950:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1893:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1865:
1856:
1855:
1837:
1831:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1773:
1564:Charles Davenant
1557:balance of power
1508:Battle of Denain
1458:House of Commons
1448:However, in the
1266:
1263:
1222:Sephardic Jewish
906:
905:
878:6 February 1715
814:Habsburg Austria
563:Anti-French side
544:
543:
518:
512:
503:
429:United Provinces
399:
369:been dethroned.
363:House of Bourbon
355:Spanish Bourbons
277:was a series of
275:Peace of Utrecht
248:
247:
192:
188:
187:
175:
174:
163:
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141:
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129:
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21:
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4384:
4383:
4378:
4314:
4275:
4247:
4155:
4149:Great Synagogue
4115:
4067:
4049:Bishop diocesan
4018:
3966:
3957:Public holidays
3918:Westside School
3887:
3866:
3828:
3768:
3753:
3727:Gibraltar pound
3706:
3685:
3637:
3548:Disputed status
3529:
3503:
3444:
3419:
3366:
3298:
3284:Botanic Gardens
3273:
3236:
3194:
3181:
3168:
3095:
3094:Gibraltar real
3025:
3012:
3006:
2964:
2954:
2934:
2908:Trevelyan, G. M
2807:
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2778:
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2337:
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2320:
2311:
2307:
2301:Wayback Machine
2287:
2283:
2276:
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2258:
2251:
2237:
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2228:. 4 April 2024.
2220:
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1734:
1707:G. M. Trevelyan
1703:
1538:
1532:
1395:Treaty of Paris
1387:
1319:rivers, now in
1264:
1233:; as historian
1138:
1093:
691:French (Art. 8)
595:
586:
579:
536:, in red coat,
520:
516:
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367:July Revolution
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4465:1713 in France
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3390:The Convent
3322:Catalan Bay
3242:Environment
3107:Nationality
3084:Great Siege
2944:(1740–1748)
2910:(1930–34).
2861:. Longman.
2430:6 September
1748:Herman Moll
1701:Evaluations
1516:condominium
1423:Nova Scotia
1401:, that the
1352:West Indies
1348:Saint Kitts
1336:Nova Scotia
1265: 1750
469:Netherlands
403:France and
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4405:New France
4389:Categories
4180:Basketball
3787:Gibtelecom
3592:Parliament
3272:Candytuft
3096:(currency)
2480:B0189PTWZG
1763:References
1462:Queen Anne
1328:suzerainty
1287:receiving
1251:privateers
895:Portuguese
250:Wikisource
230:Portuguese
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4074:Methodism
4002:Languages
3990:in the UK
3908:Education
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3834:Transport
3560:Elections
3385:City Hall
3347:Sandy Bay
3192:Geography
3149:New Flame
3009:Gibraltar
2972:Heraldica
2488:cite book
1916:cite book
1697:in 1740.
1530:Aftermath
1526:of 1715.
1421:and that
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1330:over the
1169:Gibraltar
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461:armistice
457:Catalonia
387:Louis XIV
296:Louis XIV
199:Languages
109:of France
107:Louis XIV
75:1713–1715
4337:Category
4214:Football
4173:By sport
4127:Hinduism
4024:Religion
3792:Panorama
3744:Taxation
3643:Military
3535:Politics
3520:Governor
3494:Passport
3442:Politics
3164:COVID-19
3159:incident
3151:incident
3143:incident
3124:Bedenham
3039:Timeline
2819:(2002).
2808:15 March
2790:(2015).
2370:OUP Blog
2341:(1995),
2297:Archived
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1714:Britain.
1633:and the
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1580:Napoleon
1441:and the
1332:Iroquois
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1281:Flanders
1162:Louis XV
964:Guelders
885:Portugal
677:Portugal
491:Treaties
481:Portugal
344:hegemony
338:and the
322:and the
316:Portugal
292:Philip V
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4007:English
3903:Cuisine
3896:General
3885:Culture
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3715:General
3704:Economy
3597:Speaker
3553:isthmus
3453:General
3310:Natural
3255:Mammals
3215:Geology
3210:Climate
3203:General
3023:History
2722:361–362
2096:3816138
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1906:1 April
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1619:decrees
1609:in 1740
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1350:in the
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1049:Spanish
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