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751:. Following the speech, the president of the joint session calls out 'Long live the King!’ after which the monarch is greeted with three cheers. The monarch and his retinue leave and the joint session is declared to be closed. The monarch returns to the palace in the coach and, along with other members of the royal house, appears on the palace balcony. Following the 1983 revision of the constitution, a parliamentary session changed from lasting a year to lasting for four years. As a result, the speech no longer marks the opening of a session of parliament but the start of a new parliamentary year.
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732:(Prince's Day). Article 65 of the constitution states that "A statement of the policy to be pursued by the Government is given by or on behalf of the King before a joint session of the two Houses of the States General that is held every year on the third Tuesday in September or on such earlier date as may be prescribed by Act of Parliament."
796:, is sung. The monarch is handed the speech by the prime minister and proceeds to deliver the speech while all remain standing. Afterwards, the monarch and members take their seats and the Report on the State of the Realm, an account of the government achievement of the past year, is read (traditionally in
76:
is opened. The address sets forth the government's priorities for its legislative agenda, for which the cooperation of the legislature is sought. The speech is often accompanied by formal ceremony. It is often held annually, although in some places it may occur more or less frequently, whenever a new
505:
In
British overseas territories that have instituted this practice, the relevant governor delivers the speech. A throne speech is not typical in the devolved legislatures within the United Kingdom; the nearest equivalent is a statement of the legislative agenda of the executive branch, usually given
80:
Historically, when monarchs exercised personal influence and overall decision-making in government, a speech from the throne would outline the policies and objectives of the monarch; the speech was usually prepared by the monarch's advisers, but the monarch supervised the drafting of the speech at
803:
The members and monarch rise and the monarch is presented with the report by the prime minister and the monarch returns the speech and report to the president. The president gives some remarks and closes with "May God preserve our King and country", joined by other members of the
Storting and the
513:
It is considered improper for the audience, including members of parliament, to show support or disapproval for any content of the speech while it is being read: that is reserved to the debate and vote that follows in legislative chambers or chamber. In 1998 in the UK, when the Queen read out the
550:
Formally, the motion that follows the speech merely calls on parliament to thank the monarch or viceroy via an
Address in Reply. The debate is, however, often wide-ranging, exploring many aspects of the government's proposed policies, and spread over several days. When the Address in Reply is
555:
in the government, which, if lost, would result in the end of that government's mandate. In some legislatures, this discussion and vote is preceded by a symbolic raising of other matters, designed to highlight the independence of parliament from the Crown; a practice that originated after
987:. Often such are on or near the first day of the legislature's new session. However, in theory, rather than just outline the priorities for the coming year, the head of state is supposed to provide a report to the legislature on what the country's condition is, hence the term
693:
at the beginning of its yearly session on the second Friday of
October. The speech may only be made legally binding if it is read before both houses of parliament. Additionally, the monarch addresses the nation on the anniversaries of his accession
346:, with or without the reader's participation, and outlines the legislative programme for the new parliamentary session. Due to the parliamentary tradition of the sovereign being barred from the lower chamber, in those realms possessing a
1025:
506:
by a first minister. However, the
British monarch often undertakes visits and speaks to the devolved bodies in a less official capacity. During her reign Queen Elizabeth II was present and gave an address at all openings of the
395:
was rebuilt after the 1834 fire. The ceremony now usually occurs annually, usually in
November or December, or soon after a general election. The monarch may, however, appoint a delegate to perform the task in his or her place.
820:
in 1931. With the restoration of the
Spanish monarchy in 1975, the monarch still opens parliament but no longer gives a "speech from the throne". The monarch gives a speech but it does not focus on or direct government policy.
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1209:
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1045:
1879:
112:. In other countries the monarch may or may not attend the opening of the country's legislature; they may also give a speech, but these speeches, in contrast, do not outline any government agenda.
888:
was not crowned, and thus did not wear the crown when opening the
Riksdag. Instead, the crown and sceptre would be placed on cushions beside the throne and the robe would be draped on the throne.
1705:
628:
283:. The speech explained to parliament the reasons it was summoned and sometimes set out the sovereign's policies and objectives. The monarch would sometimes speak to parliament in person;
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783:(which happens every October) after it has been declared to be legally constituted by the president of the Storting. The monarch delivers the speech before parliamentarians in the
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In those countries that share with the UK the same person as their respective sovereign, the speech from the throne will usually be read on the monarch's behalf by his or her
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bills are introduced; there, the respective houses of representatives instead consider some brief and non-controversial business items before debating the
Address in Reply.
358:
parliaments, the speech is read in the one legislative chamber. Unusually, in the Irish Free State, the speech was delivered in the lower house of its bicameral parliament.
1072:
298:
However, various other figures gave the oration on the sovereign's behalf: between 1347 and 1363, it was read by the chief justice; in 1401 by the chief justice of the
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An
Anecdotal History of the British Parliament: From the Earliest Periods to the Present Time. With Notices of Eminent Parliamentary Men, and Examples of Their Oratory
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400:
did this during her pregnancies in 1959 and 1963, delivered instead by Lord Chancellor; and again due to ill health in 2022, delivered instead by Prince Charles (now
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510:, usually speaking reflectively upon its accomplishments and wishing the institution well for its coming term rather than considering the plans of the executive.
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may also perform the task: Queen Elizabeth II opened the parliaments of some of the Australian states in 1954 and of New South Wales in 1992. In almost all the
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1793:
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where the president is merely a ceremonial figurehead, these speeches are often similar in tone to the throne speech of a constitutional monarchy, whereas in
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is then sung. After the monarch and his retinue have left, the meeting is adjourned and the speech and report are first debated at the subsequent sitting.
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in 1431. It may have been written by or with the input of the king's or queen's advisers, but, the monarch, as supreme governor, was the principal author.
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85:, whether by law or by convention, the head of state or their representative reads the speech from the throne, but it is prepared by the ministers in
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which removed formal involvement of the monarch in the legislative process. The old opening of the legislature was called "The Solemn Opening of the
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such as the U.S. the speeches are somewhat different in that the president exercises personal discretion over the content but the principle of
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In Sweden, the practice of having a speech from the throne given by the monarch was held until 1974, coinciding with the rewrite of the
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391:. Traditions surrounding the opening and the speech go back to the 16th century; the present ceremony dates from 1852, when the
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Of contemporary European monarchies today, this traditional event is held in the United Kingdom, where it is also known as the
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502:). In each of the Canadian territories, the commissioner reads the Throne Speech or Opening Address to the legislature.
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Prior to 1907, the monarch and the princes of the royal blood would also wear their royal and princely robes and their
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Upon the monarch's arrival in the chamber, the members of the Storting stand and the first verse of the royal anthem,
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In the Netherlands, the speech from the throne is held annually on the third Tuesday in September, which is called
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49:
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peers responded with "shame!". Protest, though, has been expressed during a throne speech, such as when, in 2011,
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After the abolition of the opening ceremony at the palace, last held in 1974 and only once during the reign of
32:
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948:
538:'s reading of the Speech From the Throne by standing and holding a sign calling for the then Prime Minister,
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means the legislature is not obligated to follow whatever agenda (if any) may be contained in such a speech.
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in which the reigning sovereign, or their representative, reads a prepared speech to members of the nation's
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2624:
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1490:
980:
964:
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483:
439:, although the monarch may deliver the address in person: Queen Elizabeth II read the Throne Speech in the
124:
1451:"About Parliament > How Parliament works > Parliamentary occasions > State Opening of Parliament"
1211:"My Lords and Gentlemen": A Study of British Origins and the Evolution of the Canadian Throne Speech Genre
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1765:"The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, House of Representatives Votes and Proceedings"
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24:
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may also perform this duty, such as when, on 1 September 1919, the Prince of Wales (later King
136:
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Parliament of Canada records of past Speeches from the Throne and Motions for Address in Reply
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and delivers an introductory speech and then declares the session open. After the speech, the
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In Spain, speeches from the throne used to be practiced before the declaration of the
463:
delivered the address to the Parliament of Canada: 16 May 1963 and 30 September 1974.
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2801:
2702:
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1830:
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1260:
A History of England: Period II. Personal monarchy: Henry VII. to James II. 1485–1688
1183:
877:
841:, wearing his crown and ceremonial robes, delivering the speech from the throne, 1898
784:
736:
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opening ceremony; he does not refer to any government policies, instead allowing the
593:
585:
519:
387:
In the United Kingdom, the speech is typically read by the reigning sovereign at the
376:
319:
280:
271:, the speech from the throne is an oration that forms part of a ceremony marking the
217:
2660:
2639:
1666:
459:) read the Speech From the Throne in the Canadian parliament. On two occasions, the
302:; in 1344, 1368, 1377 (speaking for a presiding Edward III), 1399, and 1422, by the
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2051:
1927:"His Majesty the King Delivers Speech to Nation on 46th Anniversary of Green March"
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589:
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to address political matters, as in the contemporary cases in Sweden and Denmark.
16:
Monarch's speech outlining governmental agenda and opening the legislative session
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but he no longer gives a "speech from the throne"; the monarch is invited by the
892:
686:
631:
565:
527:
495:
327:
307:
127:, addresses the legislature; in the United States, the president makes an annual
81:
least to some extent and exercised final discretion as to its content. In modern
1948:
279:, while others place its origins in the 16th century, when England was still an
155:
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597:
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237:
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355:
351:
120:
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2816:
1495:"Exhibitions > Past exhibitions > Royal Romance > Crowns and gowns"
861:) and was full of symbolism. The speech was given before the Riksdag in the
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3109:
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1929:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates
397:
368:
299:
242:
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates
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1365:"Parliament Home Page > Frequently Asked Questions > State Opening"
792:
728:
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627:
456:
401:
276:
105:
101:
69:
45:
19:
For the UK ceremony at which the speech from the throne takes place, see
588:, an Act Respecting the Administration of Oaths of Office, while in the
2373:
1052:
314:, or chairman of the House of Lords. It was given on his behalf by the
311:
288:
284:
160:
65:
40:
196:, when the reigning monarch is female). In Canada, it is known as the
2388:
2290:
2251:
740:
606:
292:
232:
295:
did so to both houses of parliament on multiple separate occasions.
2378:
960:
936:
881:
834:
780:
768:
714:
662:
604:; instead, they contain near-identical wordings that explain their
420:
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967:
gives a speech to a joint session of the legislature, such as the
2408:
896:
850:
800:), customarily by the youngest member of the government present.
797:
787:. The heir to the throne also regularly accompanies the monarch.
601:
432:
1394:
3237:
List of members of the Australian Parliament who died in office
494:, however, the speech is referred to as the "Opening Address" (
491:
275:. Some records indicate the ceremony has taken place since the
109:
27:. For extraordinary royal addresses to the United Kingdom, see
1774:(1). Canberra: Queen's Printer for Australia. 12 February 2008
1712:(1). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. 16 October 2007. 2000
673:
in joint session during its state opening yearly every March.
490:
can do the same in any legislature of a Canadian province. In
1876:"His Majesty the King Delivers Speech at Parliament Opening"
1826:
A Political History of Japan During the Meiji Era, 1867-1912
1445:
975:
and in most U.S. states, where the governor gives a similar
1017:
2166:"Programme for the opening of the 2007/08 Riksdag session"
2076:
2074:
2072:
1405:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
383:, from where she delivers the speech from the throne, 1957
131:
address, in the Philippines the president makes an annual
1473:"Prince Charles to deliver Queen's Speech for first time"
1745:(1). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. 16 October 2007
1642:
1489:
1082:
giving the speech from the throne in front of parliament
775:
In Norway, the monarch is required by article 74 of the
610:
function. In Australia and New Zealand, by contrast, no
2069:
522:
MPs briefly interrupted it by vocalising support while
1359:
551:
eventually voted on, the poll is held to constitute a
2107:
2105:
2103:
1735:"Debates of the Senate, 2nd Session, 39th Parliament"
443:
in 1954, 1963, 1970, 1974, 1977, 1986, and 1990, the
306:; and in 1343, 1363, and, usually after 1368, by the
739:
by coach to the Ridderzaal (Hall of Knights) in the
2604:
The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada
212:has delivered a short inaugural address termed the
2894:Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
2100:
1035:delivering the speech from the throne wearing the
2219:Queen's Speech in the UK Parliament December 2019
1804:. Wellington: Queen's Printer: 7. 9 December 2008
1415:
646:makes only a short speech of greeting during the
486:delivers the speech; it is uncertain whether the
3750:
2599:The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces
2225:Queen's Speech in the UK Parliament October 2019
1618:"Page with 'Stop Harper' sign fired from Senate"
1590:
1525:, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 42
1515:
1332:
1236:"What You Need to Know About the Queen's Speech"
927:) for the forthcoming legislative year is made.
779:to preside over the opening of a session of the
564:, the other business raised is by tradition the
354:, with members of both houses in attendance. In
350:, the ceremony takes place in the legislature's
259:; only two were ever given, in 1922 and 1923.
180:In the United Kingdom, the speech is known as
3282:
3268:
2760:
2561:Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments
2267:
1313:
1311:
1282:
1280:
1278:
767:delivering the speech from the throne of the
560:was tried and executed by parliament. In the
119:have adopted a similar practice in which the
3049:Chronology of Australian federal parliaments
1337:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
903:and his family. It is still the monarch who
3242:Members of multiple Australian legislatures
3115:List of acts of the Parliament of Australia
2774:
1729:
1727:
1700:
1698:
1604:"1998: Queen's speech spells end for peers"
1263:. Princeton University: Dutton. p. 594
3275:
3261:
2767:
2753:
2274:
2260:
2082:"The formal State Opening of the Storting"
1308:
1275:
256:Governor-General's Address to Dáil Éireann
48:reading the speech from the throne at the
1156:"From Prince's Day to Accountability Day"
943:makes a speech at a joint session in the
743:of The Hague to read the speech before a
722:reading the speech from the throne (2015)
3774:Joint meetings of bicameral legislatures
2237:Queen's Speech in the UK Parliament 2016
2231:Queen's Speech in the UK Parliament 2017
2213:Queen's Speech in the UK Parliament 2021
1724:
1695:
1427:(2 ed.). Queen's Printer for Canada
1389:
1317:
1286:
1217:, Library and Archives Canada, p. 5
1203:
1201:
828:
758:
713:
626:
451:in 1957 and 1977. Another member of the
423:Throne Speech, the government announced
414:
362:
235:, the governor's address was termed the
154:
100:if the reigning monarch is female); the
39:
3725:Legislature broadcasters in New Zealand
3401:Speaker of the House of Representatives
2243:All speeches in Parliament by the Queen
1899:
1822:
1425:House of Commons Procedure and Practice
1421:"Opening of a Parliament and a Session"
342:, the speech is written by the sitting
23:. For the Christmas Day broadcast, see
3751:
3720:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association
2281:
2139:"Parliament opens with full formality"
1256:
994:
963:also hold a yearly event in which the
150:
77:session of the legislature is opened.
3256:
2748:
2255:
1689:
1328:
1326:
1207:
1198:
1178:
1176:
1153:
915:delivers a statement of the upcoming
700:Revolution of the King and the People
665:also has the same practice, with the
3478:Abolition of the Legislative Council
1353:
1099:State of the Nation (disambiguation)
2163:
2113:"The State Opening of the Storting"
1900:Gabriel, Edward M. (30 July 2018).
1570:"McLeish unveils legislative plans"
905:officially opens the annual session
720:Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
545:
13:
3483:Members of the Legislative Council
3364:Speaker of the Legislative Council
2299:Monarchy in the Canadian provinces
1323:
1173:
1094:Opening of the Canadian parliament
869:. The King would be seated on the
617:
182:His Majesty's Most Gracious Speech
14:
3785:
3380:Leader of the Legislative Council
2206:
2184:
1367:. Queen's Printer. Archived from
895:, the opening is now held at the
425:the end of the country's monarchy
31:. For other royal addresses, see
3338:
3332:
2815:
2734:Debate on the monarchy in Canada
1902:"King Mohammed VI, Then and Now"
1823:McLaren, Walter Wallace (2007).
1624:from the original on 6 June 2011
1447:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1071:
1044:
1024:
1001:
50:2024 State Opening of Parliament
2157:
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2018:
1992:
1967:
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1919:
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1843:
1816:
1786:
1757:
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1610:
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1509:
1497:. Queen's Printer for Australia
1483:
1465:
1439:
1409:
1383:
1287:Jennings, George Henry (1881).
899:chamber in the presence of the
534:, interrupted Governor General
461:administrator of the Government
333:
318:in 1410; in 1453 and 1467, the
2919:Manager of Opposition Business
2866:Manager of Opposition Business
2856:Manager of Government Business
2724:Canadian Secretary to the King
2708:Canadian Coronation Contingent
2429:Lieutenant governors in Canada
1706:"39th Parliament, 2nd Session"
1657:, Queen's Printer, p. 3,
1516:Senate of Canada (June 2015),
1250:
1228:
1147:
1121:
973:president of the United States
859:Riksdagens högtidliga öppnande
709:
669:making such an address to the
175:
33:Royal address (disambiguation)
1:
3518:Father or Mother of the House
2729:History of monarchy in Canada
1519:Senate Procedure and Practice
1257:Bright, James Franck (1885).
1184:"What is the Queen's Speech?"
1114:
474:reads the speech, though the
224:(Opening Speech), called the
210:lieutenant governor of Quebec
3677:Parliament House, Wellington
3064:47th Parliament of Australia
3059:46th Parliament of Australia
3054:45th Parliament of Australia
1491:National Museum of Australia
981:president of the Philippines
954:
576:; neither proceeds past the
338:Today, within the tenets of
7:
3211:Parliament House, Melbourne
3095:Matter of public importance
2954:Represented multiple states
1975:"Route of the Golden Coach"
1851:"Morocco 2011 Constitution"
1829:. Read Books. p. 361.
1556:National Assembly of Quebec
1087:
985:State of the Nation Address
945:Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall
930:
657:
532:page in the Canadian Senate
389:State Opening of Parliament
133:State of the Nation Address
29:Royal address to the nation
21:State Opening of Parliament
10:
3790:
3764:Speeches by heads of state
3446:Shadow Leader of the House
3221:Parliament House, Canberra
3168:House of Representatives:
2417:Governor General of Canada
977:State of the State address
676:
582:House of Commons of Canada
447:in 1954 and 1974, and the
262:
18:
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3611:Mixed-member proportional
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2556:Territorial Commissioners
2407:
2359:
2289:
2189:
2052:"Opening of the Storting"
1648:"Parliamentary Elections"
1620:. CTV News. 3 June 2011.
1160:houseofrepresentatives.nl
1059:in the White Hall of the
884:'s death, his successor,
824:
754:
735:The monarch travels from
584:, the bill considered is
441:Parliament of New Zealand
188:, or, less formally, the
83:constitutional monarchies
64:, is an event in certain
3688:(current executive wing)
3436:Leader of the Opposition
3324:House of Representatives
3175:Two-party-preferred vote
3164:Single transferable vote
2914:Leader of the Opposition
2861:Leader of the Opposition
2851:Leader of the Government
2807:House of Representatives
1644:House of Commons Library
1544:"Allocution d'ouverture"
1335:"Speech From the Throne"
1129:"The King's Speech 2023"
811:
622:
562:British House of Commons
328:keeper of the Privy Seal
304:archbishop of Canterbury
245:'s governorship. In the
3644:Supplementary elections
2841:President of the Senate
2776:Parliament of Australia
2654:Ceremonial and symbolic
1572:. BBC. 5 September 2009
1402:Encyclopædia Britannica
1293:. D. Appleton. p.
1238:. Sky News. 27 May 2015
1154:admin (21 April 2011).
1109:Royal Christmas Message
873:as he gave his speech.
818:Second Spanish Republic
785:chamber of the Storting
681:In accordance with the
516:House of Lords Act 1999
445:Parliament of Australia
340:constitutional monarchy
137:parliamentary republics
25:Royal Christmas Message
3668:General Assembly House
3543:Speech from the throne
3406:Chairman of Committees
3372:Chairman of Committees
3080:Speech from the throne
2196:Speech from the Throne
1361:House of Lords Library
1333:Government of Canada.
1208:Woods, Henrik (2011),
1186:. BBC. 3 December 2008
1010:Alexander II of Russia
924:
858:
847:constitution of Sweden
842:
772:
723:
671:Parliament of Malaysia
639:
500:Allocution d'ouverture
499:
428:
384:
198:Speech from the Throne
172:
163:at the opening of the
58:speech from the throne
53:
3731:Parliamentary Debates
3693:Parliamentary Library
3170:Instant-runoff voting
2949:Served in both houses
2056:Norwegian Royal Court
2026:"Origins and history"
1591:Senate of Canada 2015
1558:: 15–16. 21 May 2014.
1417:Library of Parliament
971:address given by the
832:
762:
717:
667:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
630:
418:
393:Palace of Westminster
366:
273:opening of parliament
165:Parliament of England
158:
52:in the United Kingdom
43:
3652:Caretaker government
3300:(represented by the
3216:Old Parliament House
3190:Caretaker government
2793:(represented by the
765:Haakon VII of Norway
574:Select Vestries Bill
553:motion of confidence
449:Parliament of Canada
410:Counsellors of State
381:Parliament of Canada
348:bicameral parliament
316:bishop of Winchester
222:Discours d'ouverture
200:(often shortened to
145:separation of powers
141:presidential systems
3769:Canadian traditions
3619:First-past-the-post
3471:Legislative Council
3419:Leader of the House
3357:Legislative Council
3316:Legislative Council
3308:Legislative Council
2909:Leader of the House
1906:Morocco On The Move
1606:. 24 November 1998.
1363:(9 November 2007).
1063:, 1888. Painted by
995:Historical speeches
989:State of the Nation
925:Regeringsförklaring
878:crowns and coronets
804:first verse of the
508:Scottish parliament
484:lieutenant governor
324:bishop of Rochester
269:Commonwealth realms
228:from 1974 to 1984.
208:). Since 1973, the
151:Commonwealth realms
3158:Double dissolution
2625:Crown corporations
2584:King-in-Parliament
2283:Monarchy in Canada
2088:. 2 September 2016
1855:Constitute Project
1646:(September 2008),
1548:Journal des débats
1341:on 19 October 2013
1104:National Day Rally
1033:Pedro II of Brazil
969:State of the Union
843:
773:
724:
640:
480:Canadian provinces
476:Australian monarch
429:
404:) who, along with
385:
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129:State of the Union
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3553:Readings of bills
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3530:
3523:Baby of the House
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3100:Readings of bills
3035:
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2703:Thrones of Canada
2645:Royal commissions
2589:King-on-the-Bench
2247:They Work For You
2032:. 6 February 2015
2030:Dutch Royal House
2006:. 6 February 2015
2004:Dutch Royal House
1979:Dutch Royal House
1955:. 6 February 2015
1953:Dutch Royal House
1836:978-1-4067-4539-9
1453:. Queen's Printer
1396:"Black Rod"
1135:. 7 November 2023
979:. Similarly, the
949:National Assembly
839:Sweden and Norway
737:Noordeinde Palace
542:, to be stopped.
468:Australian states
408:, were acting as
326:in 1472; and the
320:bishop of Lincoln
310:who was then the
281:absolute monarchy
226:Message inaugural
220:reads his or her
206:Discours du TrĂ´ne
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1672:on 25 March 2009
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1012:reconvening the
1005:
546:Address in reply
488:Canadian monarch
437:governor-general
371:(L, seated with
251:governor-general
247:Irish Free State
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2000:"Joint session"
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1049:
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1014:Diet of Finland
1006:
997:
957:
951:in their work.
947:, advising the
933:
893:Carl XVI Gustaf
827:
814:
806:national anthem
757:
712:
679:
660:
632:Emperor Akihito
625:
620:
618:Other countries
598:oaths of office
566:Outlawries Bill
548:
528:Brigette DePape
482:, the relevant
470:, the relevant
336:
308:lord chancellor
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3429:Prime Minister
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3105:King's Consent
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3097:
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3085:Joint meetings
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2185:External links
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1479:. 10 May 2022.
1464:
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1393:, ed. (1911).
1391:Chisholm, Hugh
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652:Prime Minister
642:In Japan, the
634:convoking the
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570:House of Lords
558:King Charles I
547:
544:
540:Stephen Harper
536:David Johnston
406:Prince William
335:
332:
264:
261:
253:delivered the
238:Policy Address
216:, after which
204:) (in French:
194:Queen's Speech
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2047:
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2027:
2021:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1954:
1950:
1949:"Prinsjesdag"
1944:
1928:
1922:
1907:
1903:
1896:
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1371:on 2 May 2009
1370:
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1362:
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1320:, p. 430
1319:
1318:Jennings 1881
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1061:Berlin Palace
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1027:
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871:Silver Throne
868:
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863:Hall of State
860:
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648:National Diet
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636:National Diet
633:
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608:
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595:
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38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3738:Waka-jumping
3730:
3672:(demolished)
3670:, Auckland
3639:Appointments
3634:By-elections
3622:(previously)
3573:Royal assent
3542:
3185:By-elections
3119:Committees:
3110:Royal assent
3079:
2964:Independents
2686:2000–present
2594:King's peace
2394:Elizabeth II
2170:. Retrieved
2159:
2147:. Retrieved
2142:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2116:
2090:. Retrieved
2085:
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2055:
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2029:
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
2003:
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1978:
1969:
1957:. Retrieved
1952:
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1921:
1909:. Retrieved
1905:
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1883:. Retrieved
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1854:
1845:
1825:
1818:
1806:. Retrieved
1801:
1797:
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1771:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1742:
1738:
1714:. Retrieved
1709:
1685:
1674:, retrieved
1667:the original
1655:Factsheet M7
1654:
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1612:
1598:
1593:, p. 43
1586:
1574:. Retrieved
1564:
1551:
1547:
1538:
1527:, retrieved
1518:
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1499:. Retrieved
1485:
1476:
1467:
1457:13 September
1455:. Retrieved
1441:
1431:19 September
1429:. Retrieved
1424:
1411:
1400:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1369:the original
1355:
1345:20 September
1343:. Retrieved
1339:the original
1300:30 September
1298:. Retrieved
1289:
1265:. Retrieved
1259:
1252:
1242:20 September
1240:. Retrieved
1230:
1221:30 September
1219:, retrieved
1210:
1188:. Retrieved
1163:. Retrieved
1159:
1149:
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1123:
1055:opening the
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958:
934:
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875:
867:Royal Palace
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789:
777:constitution
774:
734:
727:
725:
683:constitution
680:
661:
641:
611:
605:
568:, while the
549:
524:Conservative
520:Labour Party
512:
504:
465:
453:royal family
430:
419:In the 2020
398:Elizabeth II
386:
369:Elizabeth II
360:
337:
334:Modern times
300:Common Pleas
297:
266:
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243:Chris Patten
236:
230:
225:
221:
213:
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3701:Bowen House
3629:Electorates
3319:(1853–1950)
3311:(1841–1853)
3180:Electorates
3041:Parliaments
2676:Royal tours
2399:Charles III
2384:Edward VIII
1692:, p. 6
1676:19 November
1576:19 November
1529:15 November
793:Kongesangen
729:Prinsjesdag
710:Netherlands
704:Green March
457:Edward VIII
402:Charles III
287:(in 1365),
277:Middle Ages
218:the premier
176:Terminology
102:Netherlands
70:legislature
46:Charles III
3753:Categories
3563:Committees
3291:Components
2992:Appointees
2783:Components
2374:Edward VII
2172:3 December
2117:Stortinget
2086:Stortinget
1808:2 December
1778:2 December
1749:2 December
1716:2 December
1690:Woods 2011
1501:2 December
1375:2 December
1267:2 November
1165:10 January
1139:6 December
1115:References
1053:Wilhelm II
983:gives the
917:government
696:Throne Day
691:parliament
689:addresses
572:reads the
377:the throne
356:unicameral
312:prolocutor
289:Richard II
285:Edward III
214:Allocution
161:Henry VIII
123:, often a
66:monarchies
3733:(Hansard)
3704:(current)
3696:(current)
3680:(current)
3661:Locations
3647:(defunct)
3614:(current)
3583:Elections
3536:Procedure
3513:30+ years
3424:Ministers
3409:(defunct)
3383:(defunct)
3375:(defunct)
3367:(defunct)
3204:Locations
3135:Elections
3073:Procedure
2681:1786–1999
2389:George VI
2291:The Crown
2164:Riksdag.
1663:0144-4689
1190:14 August
1057:Reichstag
965:president
961:republics
955:Republics
741:Binnenhof
612:pro forma
607:pro forma
580:. In the
514:proposed
293:Edward IV
233:Hong Kong
125:president
117:republics
3759:Monarchy
3591:Previous
3506:previous
3492:House of
3392:House of
3350:officers
3230:See also
3162:Senate:
3020:previous
3006:House of
2985:previous
2885:House of
2827:officers
2409:Viceroys
2379:George V
2369:Victoria
2361:Monarchs
2239:– GOV.UK
2233:– GOV.UK
2227:– GOV.UK
2221:– GOV.UK
2215:– GOV.UK
1622:Archived
1477:BBC News
1088:See also
1078:Emperor
1031:Emperor
1008:Emperor
937:Thailand
931:Thailand
919:agenda (
886:Gustav V
882:Oscar II
880:. After
835:Oscar II
781:Storting
769:Storting
702:and the
663:Malaysia
658:Malaysia
602:railways
594:Bill S-1
592:, it is
586:Bill C-1
472:governor
421:Barbados
375:, R) on
3685:Beehive
3501:Current
3464:Members
3298:Monarch
3015:Current
2980:Current
2942:Members
2717:Related
2092:23 June
2061:23 June
2010:23 June
1984:23 June
1959:23 June
1933:30 July
1911:30 July
1885:30 July
1860:30 July
1798:Hansard
1772:Hansard
1739:Hansard
1710:Hansard
941:monarch
921:Swedish
909:Speaker
901:monarch
897:Riksdag
865:at the
855:Swedish
851:Riksdag
798:Nynorsk
771:in 1950
747:of the
698:), the
677:Morocco
644:emperor
466:In the
433:viceroy
379:of the
344:cabinet
267:In the
263:History
241:during
87:cabinet
74:session
72:when a
3121:Senate
2973:Senate
2834:Senate
2802:Senate
2190:Canada
2149:7 July
2123:7 July
2036:4 July
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1661:
1628:5 June
1133:GOV.UK
1039:, 1872
939:, the
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755:Norway
685:, the
638:(2011)
590:Senate
496:French
492:Quebec
435:, the
367:Queen
322:; the
291:, and
249:, the
184:, the
171:, 1523
110:Norway
108:; and
3451:Whips
3414:Clerk
3027:Women
2997:Women
2924:Whips
2899:Clerk
2871:Whips
2846:Clerk
2613:Legal
1768:(PDF)
1670:(PDF)
1651:(PDF)
1554:(2).
1523:(PDF)
1215:(PDF)
959:Many
833:King
812:Spain
763:King
718:King
623:Japan
159:King
135:. In
115:Many
104:, on
60:, or
44:King
3601:List
3596:Next
3153:List
3148:Next
3143:Last
2928:list
2875:list
2790:King
2547:List
2535:List
2523:List
2511:List
2499:List
2487:List
2475:List
2463:List
2451:List
2439:List
2422:List
2174:2009
2151:2017
2125:2017
2094:2017
2063:2017
2038:2017
2012:2017
1986:2017
1961:2017
1935:2024
1913:2024
1887:2024
1862:2024
1831:ISBN
1810:2009
1780:2009
1751:2009
1718:2009
1678:2009
1659:ISSN
1630:2011
1578:2009
1531:2015
1503:2009
1459:2010
1433:2015
1377:2009
1347:2015
1302:2015
1269:2015
1244:2015
1223:2015
1192:2008
1167:2023
1141:2023
1018:1863
687:king
530:, a
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