Firearm - Knowledge

2848: 3046: 3538:, which comprised the majority of deaths in this category. The most recent, complete data, from 2017, shows gunshot related homicides as having been the 31st most common cause of death in the US, while gunshot related suicides was the 21st most common cause of death. Accidental discharge of a firearm accounted for the 59th most common cause of death, with 486 deaths in 2017, while 616 individuals were killed by law enforcement, comprising the 58th most common cause of death. The total number of deaths related to firearms in 2017 was 38,882 (not including incidents of deaths resulting from lethal force when used by law enforcement), while the most common cause of death, heart disease, claimed 647,457 lives, over sixteen times that of firearms, including suicides. The most recent data from the CDC, from 2020, shows that deaths involving firearms accounted for about 0.2% of all deaths nationwide in 2020, of which about two-thirds were suicides. 3031:

the match was brought into the open end of a "touch hole" at the base of the gun barrel, which contained a very small quantity of gunpowder, igniting the main charge of gunpowder in the gun barrel. The match usually had to be relit after each firing. The main parts of the matchlock firing mechanism are the pan, match, arm, and trigger. A benefit of the pan and arm swivel being moved to the side of the gun was it gave a clear line of fire. An advantage to the matchlock firing mechanism is that it did not misfire. However, it also came with some disadvantages. One disadvantage involved weather: in rain, the match could not be kept lit to fire the weapon. Another issue with the match was it could give away the position of soldiers because of the glow, sound, and smell. While European pistols were equipped with wheellock and flintlock mechanisms, Asian pistols used matchlock mechanisms.

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magazines holding multiple munitions were adopted—these aided rapid reloading. Automatic and semi-automatic firing mechanisms meant that a single soldier could fire many more rounds in a minute than a vintage weapon could fire over the course of a battle. Polymers and alloys in firearm construction made weaponry progressively lighter and thus easier to deploy. Ammunition changed over the centuries from simple metallic ball-shaped projectiles that rattled down the barrel to bullets and cartridges manufactured to high precision. Especially in the past century particular attention has focused on accuracy and sighting to make firearms altogether far more accurate than ever before. More than any single factor though, firearms have proliferated due to the advent of mass production—enabling arms-manufacturers to produce large quantities of weaponry to a consistent standard.

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muzzleloaders (usually rifled instead of smooth-bored) are manufactured today and have many enthusiasts, many of whom hunt large and small game with their guns. Muzzleloaders have to be manually reloaded after each shot; a skilled archer could fire multiple arrows faster than most early muskets could be reloaded and fired, although by the mid-18th century when muzzleloaders became the standard small-armament of the military, a well-drilled soldier could fire six rounds in a minute using prepared cartridges in his musket. Before then, the effectiveness of muzzleloaders was hindered both by the low reloading speed and, before the firing mechanism was perfected, by the very high risk posed by the firearm to the person attempting to fire it.

879: 2049:" to differentiate them from proper machine guns. Submachine guns are commonly associated with high rates of fire, automatic fire capabilities, and low recoil, though many submachine guns differentiate from this in various ways, such as having fairly low rates of fire or including burst and semi-automatic modes available through selective fire. Most submachine guns are the size of carbines and short-barreled rifles, and use similar configurations. Many are designed to take as little space as possible for use in close-quarters or for easy storage in vehicles and cases. Some submachine guns are designed and configured similar to pistols even down to size, and are thus occasionally classed as 3138:), coming into wide service in the early 19th century, offered a dramatic improvement over flintlocks. With the percussion-cap mechanism, the small primer charge of gunpowder used in all preceding firearms was replaced by a completely self-contained explosive charge contained in a small brass "cap". The cap was fastened to the touch hole of the gun (extended to form a "nipple") and ignited by the impact of the gun's "hammer". (The hammer is roughly the same as the cock found on flintlocks except that it does not clamp onto anything.) In the case of percussion caps the hammer was hollow on the end to fit around the cap in order to keep the cap from fragmenting and injuring the shooter. 3605:

that soldiers that fought in Iraq or Afghanistan who significantly engaged in firefights had a linear association with the risk of PTSD. Hoge found that the rates of PTSD ranged from 4.5% from those who had not been involved in firefights to 19.3% to those involved in five or more firefights, displaying an apparent correlation between risk of PTSD and firefights. Additionally, school shootings are often studied and exhibit a connection between PTSD and the involvement with firearms. It was found that rates of PTSD were highest in students that were in direct exposure, which was around 9.7% of the recorded population. Rates would be as low as 3.4% in those with no exposure.

1182: 3514: 2749: 1747: 3626:(NIHL). NIHL can result from long-term exposure to noise or from high intensity impact noises such as gunshots. Individuals who shoot guns often have a characteristic pattern of hearing loss referred to as "shooters ear". They often have a high-frequency loss with better hearing in the low frequencies and one ear is typically worse than the other. The ear on the side the shooter is holding the gun will receive protection from the sound wave from the shoulder while the other ear remains unprotected and more susceptible to the full impact of the sound wave. 2899: 2777: 3271: 2765:(1511). Starting in the 1513, the traditions of German-Bohemian gun-making merged with Turkish gun-making traditions. This resulted in the Indo-Portuguese tradition of matchlocks. Indian craftsmen modified the design by introducing a very short, almost pistol-like buttstock held against the cheek, not the shoulder, when aiming. They also reduced the caliber and made the gun lighter and more balanced. This was a hit with the Portuguese who did a lot of fighting aboard ship and on river craft, and valued a more compact gun. The 2204: 3699:, and not the definition of a title I firearm, which includes firearms not restricted by the NFA. ATF forms dealing with Title II weapons all state the above-mentioned information, however, the above information is only applicable for the purposes of those forms. For practical purposes, a firearm, in the U.S., is defined as the part of a weapon- designed to use expanded gas caused by the combustion of explosive material, to propel a projectile- which houses the fire control group (trigger & sear). 2863:, later replaced by cast iron) through the muzzle, while a fuse was placed at the rear. This fuse was lit, causing the gunpowder to ignite and propel the projectiles. In military use, the standard hand cannon was tremendously powerful, while also being somewhat erratic due to the relative inability of the gunner to aim the weapon, or to control the ballistic properties of the projectile. Recoil could be absorbed by bracing the barrel against the ground using a wooden support, the forerunner of the 2508: 1330: 142: 1553: 2170:

regardless, making their issuance questionable). Thus, per their name, personal defense weapons allow these personnel to effectively defend themselves from enemies and repel attacks themselves or at least until support can arrive. They are not intended for civilian self-defense due to their nature as automatic firearms (which are usually prohibited from civilian purchase), though some semi-automatic PDWs exist for the civilian market, albeit often with longer barrels.

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expel or may be converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of a combustible propellant". For legal reasons, objects can be considered a firearm if they have the appearance of a firearm or are made in a way that makes it possible to convert them to a firearm. Member states may be allowed to exclude from their gun control law items such as antique weapons, or specific purposes items that can only be used for that sole purpose.

2957: 3085: 1449: 3012: 2821: 45: 3554: 3165: 2617: 1847: 2706: 1023: 3411: 647: 2135: 6489: 3891:"Firearm" shall mean any portable barrelled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms or their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899 3350:" cartridge). As a rule, centerfire cartridges are more powerful than rimfire cartridges, operating at considerably higher pressures than rimfire cartridges. Centerfire cartridges are also safer, as a dropped rimfire cartridge has the potential to discharge if its rim strikes the ground with sufficient force to ignite the primer. This is practically impossible with most centerfire cartridges. 1197: 3450:, which would fire cartridges from a magazine as fast as and as long as the operator turned a crank. Eventually, the "rapid" firing mechanism was perfected and miniaturized to the extent that either the recoil of the firearm or the gas pressure from firing could be used to operate it, thus the operator needed only to pull a trigger—this made the firing mechanisms truly "automatic". An 2930:). The term arquebus was applied to many different types of guns. In their earliest form they were defensive weapon mounts on German city walls in the 15th Century. The addition of a shoulder stock, priming pan and matchlock mechanism in the late 15th century turned the arquebus into a handheld firearm, and also first firearm equipped with a trigger. Heavy arquebuses mounted on 3427: 1572: 3204:

magazines permitted the use of larger cartridges and eliminated the hazard of having the bullet of one cartridge butting next to the primer or rim of another cartridge. These magazines are loaded while they are in the weapon, often using a stripper clip. A clip is used to transfer cartridges into the magazine. Some notable weapons that use internal magazines include the

3800:(a) which is designed or adapted, or is capable of being modified, to discharge shot or a bullet or other missile by the expansion of gases produced in the device by the ignition of strongly combustible materials or by compressed air or other gases, whether stored in the device in pressurised containers or produced in the device by mechanical means; and 2982:. This was a muzzleloader in which multiple charges and balls were loaded one on top of the other, with a small hole in each ball to allow the subsequent charge to be ignited after the one ahead of it was ignited. It was neither a very reliable nor popular firearm, but it enabled a form of "automatic" fire long before the advent of the machine gun. 2833:

the enemy. Sometimes Chinese troops would place small projectiles within the barrel that would also be projected when the gunpowder was lit, but most of the explosive force would create flames. Later, the barrel was changed to be made of metal, so that more explosive gunpowder could be used and put more force into the propulsion of projectiles.

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to the effects of oil and other contaminants altering the belt. Later belt-designs used permanently-connected metal links to retain the cartridges during feeding. These belts were more tolerant to exposure to solvents and oil. Notable weapons that use belts include the M240, the M249, the M134 Minigun, and the PK Machine Gun.

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against the inside of the gun-barrel chamber. This prevents the leakage of hot gas which could injure the shooter. The brass cartridge also opened the way for modern repeating arms, by uniting the bullet, gunpowder, and primer into one assembly that could be fed reliably into the breech by mechanical action in the firearm.

3101:" to generate the necessary sparks. (The spring-loaded arm that holds a piece of flint or pyrite is referred to as a cock because of its resemblance to a rooster.) The cock had to be manually reset after each firing, and the flint had to be replaced periodically due to wear from striking the frizzen. (See also 1224:'s barrel has a length of 480 mm (18.9 in), the G36K carbine variant's barrel is 318 mm (12.5 in), and the G36C compact variant's barrel is 228 mm (9.0 in). Some carbines are also redesigned compared to their rifle counterparts, such as the aforementioned G36/G36K and G36C, or the 3630:

the actual gunshot itself. According to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, noise above 85 dB can begin to cause hearing loss. While many sounds cause damage over time, at the intensity level of a gunshot (140 dB or louder), damage to the ear can occur instantly.

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both hands, while braced against either the hip or the shoulder for better stability. The receiver and trigger group is mounted into a stock made of wood, plastic, metal, or composite material, which has sections that form a foregrip, rear grip, and optionally (but typically) a shoulder mount called the

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A) The matchlock gun with button for trigger, which came to Lisbon from Bohemia, used by the Portuguese until the conquest of Goa in 1510. B) The Indo-Portuguese matchlock gun resulted from the combination of Portuguese and Goan gunmaking. C) The Japanese matchlock gun appeared as a copy of the first

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is a fire mode of some semi-automatic and automatic firearms that fires a predetermined amount of rounds—usually two or three—in the same manner as automatic fire. Depending on the firearm, a single trigger actuation may fire the full burst of rounds, or it must be depressed for the entire discharge,

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is a firearm action that uses the same automated action cycling as semi-automatic, but continues to do so for as long as the trigger is actuated, until the trigger is let go of or the firearm is depleted of available ammunition. The excess energy released from a discharged cartridge is used to load a

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as "... any firearm which shoots ... automatically more than one shot, without manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger". "Machine gun" is therefore largely synonymous with "automatic weapon" in American civilian parlance, covering all automatic firearms. In most jurisdictions, automatic

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The Firearms Act 1968 Section 57(1B), uses the definition of a firearm as a "lethal barrelled weapon" as a "barrelled weapon of any description from which a shot, bullet or other missile, with kinetic energy of more than one joule as measured at the muzzle of the weapon, can be discharged". As such,

3443:"repeating firearm" or simply a "repeater". A lever-action rifle, a pump-action shotgun, and most bolt-action rifles are good examples of repeating firearms. A firearm that automatically re-cocks and reloads the next round with each trigger-pull is considered a semi-automatic or autoloading firearm. 3361:

that holds multiple cartridges. A magazine is a part of the firearm which exists to store ammunition and to assist in its feeding by the action into the breech (such as through the rotation of a revolver's cylinder or by spring-loaded platforms in most pistol and rifle designs). Some magazines, such

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from the 10th century was the direct predecessor to the modern concept of the firearm. It was not a gun itself, but an addition to soldiers' spears. Originally it consisted of paper or bamboo barrels that would contain incendiary gunpowder that could be lit one time and which would project flames at

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is a magazine-fed rifle that is capable of automatic fire. They include most assault rifles and battle rifles, but originated as their own category of rifles capable of automatic fire, as opposed to the bolt-action and semi-automatic rifles commonly issued to infantry at the time of their invention.

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is any firearm with a notably long barrel, typically a length of 10 to 30 inches (250 to 760 mm) (there are restrictions on minimum barrel length in many jurisdictions; maximum barrel length is usually a matter of practicality). Unlike a handgun, long guns are designed to be held and fired with

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Known to the Arabs as midfa, was the ancestor of all subsequent forms of cannon. Materials evolved from bamboo to wood to iron quickly enough for the Egyptian Mamelukes to employ the weapon against the Mongols at the battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, which ended the Mongol advance into the Mediterranean

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firearm means a barrelled weapon from which any shot, bullet, or other projectile can be discharged and that is capable of causing serious bodily injury or death to a person, and includes any frame or receiver of such a barrelled weapon and anything that can be adapted for use as a firearm; (arme à

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In 2017, there were 39,773 gun-related deaths in the United States; over 60% were suicides from firearms. In 2001, firearms were involved in cases constituting the second leading cause of "mechanism of injury deaths" (which are deaths which occur as a direct, identifiable, and immediate consequence

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Firearm hazard is quite notable, with a significant impact on the health system. In 2001, for quantification purposes, it was estimated that the cost of fatalities and injuries was US$ 4700 million per year in Canada (US$ 170 per Canadian) and US$ 100,000 million per year in the U.S. (US$

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A belt or ammunition belt, a device used to retain and feed cartridges into a firearm, is commonly used with machine guns. Belts were originally composed of canvas or cloth with pockets spaced evenly to allow the belt to be mechanically fed into the gun. These designs were prone to malfunctions due

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the projectile into the breech. As effective methods of sealing the breech developed along with sturdy, weatherproof, self-contained metallic cartridges, muzzle-loaders were replaced by single-shot breech loaders. Eventually, single-shot weapons were replaced by the following repeater-type weapons.

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Most early firearms were muzzle-loading. This form of loading has several disadvantages, such as a slow rate of fire and having to expose oneself to enemy fire to reload—as the weapon had to be pointed upright so the powder could be poured through the muzzle into the breech, followed by the ramming

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considerably safer, far more weatherproof, and vastly more reliable (cloth-bound cartridges containing a pre-measured charge of gunpowder and a ball had been in regular military service for many years, but the exposed gunpowder in the entry to the touch hole had long been a source of misfires). All

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action, a successor to the matchlock, predated the flintlock. Despite its many faults, the wheellock was a significant improvement over the matchlock in terms of both convenience and safety, since it eliminated the need to keep a smoldering match in proximity to loose gunpowder. It operated using a

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is a firearm action that, after a single discharge, automatically performs the feeding and ignition procedures necessary to prepare the firearm for a subsequent discharge. Semi-automatic firearms only discharge once with each trigger actuation, and the trigger must be actuated again to fire another

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who cannot effectively be defeated by low-powered submachine guns and handguns, often the only firearms suitable for those personnel (while they could be issued rifles or carbines, those would become unnecessary burdens in their normal duties, during which the likelihood of hostility is fairly rare

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The term "firearm" shall not include an antique firearm or any device (other than a machinegun or destructive device) which, although designed as a weapon, the Secretary finds by reason of the date of its manufacture, value, design, and other characteristics is primarily a collector's item and is

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Firearms include a variety of ranged weapons and there is no agreed-upon definition. For instance, English language laws of big legal entities such as the United States, India, the European Union and Canada use different definitions. Other English language definitions are provided by international

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The intensity of a gunshot does vary; lower caliber guns are typically on the softer side while higher caliber guns are often louder. The intensity of a gunshot though typically ranges from 140 dB to 175 dB. Indoor shooting also causes loud reverberations which can also be as damaging as

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were the first and simplest firearms-firing mechanisms developed. In the matchlock mechanism, the powder in the gun barrel was ignited by a piece of burning cord called a "match". The match was wedged into one end of an S-shaped piece of steel. When the trigger (often actually a lever) was pulled,

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Battle rifles serve similar purposes as assault rifles, as they both are usually employed by ground infantry for essentially the same purposes. However, some prefer battle rifles for their more powerful cartridge, despite the added recoil. Some designated marksman rifles are configured from battle

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is a long gun, usually a rifle, that has had its barrel shortened from its original length or is of a certain size smaller than standard rifles, but is still large enough to be considered a long gun. How considerable the difference is between a rifle and a carbine varies; for example, the standard

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PTSD or Post-traumatic stress disorder is extremely prevalent in the aftermath of different firearm-related events, such as mass shootings, injuries, and police-involved incidents. In particular, military Veterans are especially at high risk for the development of PTSD. In 2004, Hoge et al. found

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containing a percussion cap, powder, and a bullet in one weatherproof package. The main technical advantage of the brass cartridge case was the effective and reliable sealing of high-pressure gasses at the breech, as the gas pressure forces the cartridge case to expand outward, pressing it firmly

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Once struck, the flame from the cap, in turn, ignited the main charge of gunpowder, as with the flintlock, but there was no longer any need to charge the touch hole with gunpowder, and even better, the touch hole was no longer exposed to the elements. As a result, the percussion-cap mechanism was

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amended by EU directive 2017/853 set minimum standards regarding civilian firearms acquisition and possession that EU member states must implement into their national legal systems. In this context, since 2017, firearms are considered as "any portable barrelled weapon that expels, is designed to

3342:(called "primers") continue to this day to be the standard in firearms. In cartridge-firing firearms, a hammer (or a firing pin struck by the hammer) strikes the cartridge primer, which then ignites the gunpowder within. The primer charge is at the base of the cartridge, either within the rim (a 3341:

for the charge and ball. This early form of cartridge had to be rammed into the muzzleloader's barrel, and either a small charge of gunpowder in the touch hole or an external percussion cap mounted on the touch hole ignited the gunpowder in the cartridge. Cartridges with built-in percussion caps

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Developments in firearms accelerated during the 19th and 20th centuries. Breech-loading became more or less a universal standard for the reloading of most hand-held firearms and continues to be so with some notable exceptions (such as mortars). Instead of loading individual rounds into weapons,

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is, in simplest terms, a submachine gun that is designed to fire ammunition with ballistic performance that is similar to (but not actually a type of) rifle cartridges, often called "sub-intermediate" cartridges. In this way, it combines the high automatic rate of fire, reliable low recoil, and

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repeating rifles. Both used fixed tubular magazines, the former having the magazine in the buttstock and the latter under the barrel, which allowed a larger capacity. Later weapons used fixed box magazines that could not be removed from the weapon without disassembling the weapon itself. Fixed

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muskets (smooth-bored long guns) were among the first firearms developed. The firearm was loaded through the muzzle with gunpowder, optionally with some wadding, and then with a bullet (usually a solid lead ball, but musketeers could shoot stones when they ran out of bullets). Greatly improved

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Velocities of bullets increased with the use of a "jacket" of metals such as copper or copper alloys that covered a lead core and allowed the bullet to glide down the barrel more easily than exposed lead. Such bullets are known as "full metal jacket" (FMJ). Such FMJ bullets are less likely to

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Many firearms are "single shot": i.e., each time a cartridge is fired, the operator must manually re-cock the firearm and load another cartridge. The classic single-barreled shotgun offers a good example. A firearm that can load multiple cartridges as the firearm is re-cocked is considered a

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records that battles were fought at that time. The firearm had a 17.5 cm (6.9 in) barrel of a 2.5 cm (1 in) diameter, a 6.6 cm (2.6 in) chamber for the gunpowder and a socket for the firearm's handle. It is 34 centimetres (13 in) long and 3.54 kilograms

4799:, p. 32: "The earliest true firearms may well date from as early as the first half of the 1100s. The evidence comes from sculptures in a Buddhist cave temple in Sichuan. The earliest inscription in the cave dates from 1128, but even the later inscriptions all date from the 1100s ." 1236:, are not a variant of any existing design and are their own firearm model. Carbines are regardless very similar to rifles and often have the same actions (single-shot, lever-action, bolt-action, semi-automatic, automatic, etc.). This similarity has given carbines the alternate name of 2800:

That said, the basic principle behind firearm operation remains unchanged to this day. A musket of several centuries ago is still similar in principle to a modern-day rifle—using the expansion of gases to propel projectiles over long distances—albeit less accurately and rapidly.

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and are cheap to mass-produce. They were very common in military service through much of the 20th century, but have since been superseded in most combat roles by rifles, carbines, and personal defense weapons due to their low effective range and poor penetration against most

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Many bullets used with firearms are made of lead. If lead reaches the bloodstream, which can occur when handling ammunition, it can lead to kidney damage and issues with brain development. Extremely high levels can lead to seizures, unconsciousness, and even death.

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of carbines compared to submachine guns. They are also popular with (and were originally mostly intended for) military personnel in roles that are expected to engage in combat, but where a full-size rifle would be an impediment to the primary duties of that soldier

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action represented a major innovation in firearm design. The spark used to ignite the gunpowder in the touch hole came from a sharpened piece of flint clamped in the jaws of a "cock" which, when released by the trigger, struck a piece of steel called the

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fragment on impact and are more likely to traverse through a target while imparting less energy. Hence, FMJ bullets impart less tissue damage than non-jacketed bullets that expand. This led to their adoption for military use by countries adhering to the

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Many firearms made from the late-19th century through the 1950s used internal magazines to load the cartridge into the chamber of the weapon. The most notable and revolutionary weapons of this period appeared during the U.S. Civil War of 1861–1865: the

3826:(i) a device commonly known as a line thrower designed for establishing lines between structures or natural features and powered by compressed air to other compressed gases and used for rescue purposes, rescue training or rescue demonstration; or 2538:

undergo training on the safe practice of using the M16 rifle as a blunt weapon, mainly so that in close-quarter fighting, the weapon cannot be pulled away from them. Other training includes the recruit learning how to jab parts of the body with the

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In India, the arms act, 1959, provides a definition of firearms where "firearms" means arms of any description designed or adapted to discharge a projectile or projectiles of any kind by the action of any explosive or other forms of energy, and

3856:(d) device manufactured to discharge a bullet or any other projectile of a calibre of 5.6 mm (.22 calibre) or higher at a muzzle energy of more than 8 joules (6 ft-lbs), by means of compressed gas and not by means of burning propellant; or 3633:

Shooters use custom hearing protection such as electronic type hearing protection for hunters which can amplify soft sounds like leaves crunching while reducing the intensity of the gunshot and custom hearing protection for skeet shooting.

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Many modern firearms use what are called detachable or box magazines as their method of chambering a cartridge. Detachable magazines can be removed from the weapon without disassembling the firearms, usually by pushing a magazine release.

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firearms that can be fired multiple times per barrel, but can only be fired once with each subsequent pull of the trigger or ignite, and the firearm's action must be reloaded or charged via an internal mechanism between trigger pulls.

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are accurate to ranges of more than 2,000 metres (2,200 yd). (Firearm rounds may be dangerous or lethal well beyond their accurate range; the minimum distance for safety is much greater than the specified range for accuracy.)

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that it fires. A descendant of the musket, rifles produce a single point of impact with each firing with a long range and high accuracy. For this reason, as well as for their ubiquity, rifles are very popular among militaries as

6925: 3366:(the term often mistakenly refers to a detachable "magazine") is a device that holds the ammunition by the rim of the case and is designed to assist the shooter in reloading the firearm's magazine. Examples include revolver 6845: 1101:

variants; and both being popular with militaries, police, and civilians for largely the same reasons. However, unlike rifles, shotguns are less favored in combat roles due to their low accuracy and limited effectiveness in

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In the 52 high- and middle-income countries, with a combined population of 1,400 million and not engaged in civil conflict, fatalities due to firearm injuries were estimated at 115,000 people per annum, in the 1990s.

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From 1990 to 2015, global deaths from assault by firearm rose from 128,000 to 173,000, however this represents a drop in rate from 2.41/100,000 to 2.35/100,000, as world population has increased by more than two billion.

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in each discharge. These shot pellet sizes commonly range between 2 mm #9 birdshot and 8.4 mm #00 (double-aught) buckshot, and produce a cluster of impact points with considerably less range and accuracy, since

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any barreled weapon which will or is designed to or may be readily converted to expel a bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, except antique firearms manufactured before the 20th Century or their replicas;

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were in common use by the military during the early part of the 20th century, and automatic rifles that fired handgun rounds, known as submachine guns, also appeared at this time. Many modern military firearms have a

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is essentially any type of firearm action that is loaded, and usually also fired, one cartridge at a time by the user, rather than automatically. Manual action firearms can be divided into two basic categories:

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combines these categories under a single flexible machine gun platform, often one that is most suitable as a light or medium machine gun but fares well as a heavy machine gun. A closely related concept is the

6895: 6701: 2741:. The precise year of introduction is unknown, but it may be safely concluded to be no earlier than 1460. Before the arrival of the Portuguese in Southeast Asia, the natives already possessed firearms, the 7109: 7094: 6726: 3454:(or "fully automatic") firearm automatically re-cocks, reloads, and fires as long as the trigger is depressed. An automatic firearm is capable of firing multiple rounds with one pull of the trigger. The 6721: 6633: 6608: 5659:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015" 3062:) which was wound up with a key before use and which, when the trigger was pulled, spun against a flint, creating the shower of sparks that ignited the powder in the touch hole. Supposedly invented by 7089: 7066: 6666: 3811:(c) an industrial tool powered by cartridges containing gunpowder or compressed air or other gases which is designed and intended for use for fixing fasteners or plugs or for similar purposes; or 1901:

that require a dedicated crew of soldiers to operate, usually between two and six soldiers depending on the machine gun's operation and the crew members' roles (ammunition bearers, spotters, etc.).

1606:) can be considered a sniper rifle, most sniper rifles are purpose-built for their applications, or are variants of existing rifles that have been modified to function as sniper rifles, such as the 7021: 6803: 6731: 6681: 3884: 1395:, assault rifles have since become extremely popular among militaries and other armed groups due to their universal versatility, and they have made up the vast majority of standard-issue military 616:

hands. U.S. civilians alone account for 393 million (about 46 percent) of the worldwide total of civilian-held firearms. This amounts to "120.5 firearms for every 100 residents". The world's

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lightweight compact maneuverability of submachine guns with the versatility, penetration, and effective range of rifles, effectively making them an "in-between" of submachine guns and carbines.

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and "second-line" personnel not otherwise armed with high-caliber firearms (vehicle and weapon crews, engineers, logistical personnel, etc.) with a method of effective self-defense against

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Though automatic rifles are sometimes considered to be their own category, they are also occasionally considered to be other types of firearms that postdated their invention, usually as

1645:, semi-automatic high-precision rifles, usually chambered in intermediate or full-power cartridges, that fill the range gap between sniper rifles and regular rifles and are designed for 4117: 3479:

option, which is a mechanical switch that allows the firearm to be fired either in the semi-automatic or fully automatic mode. In the current M16A2 and M16A4 variants of the U.S.-made

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with a single pull of the trigger firing a single round or an incomplete burst. Most firearms with burst capabilities have it as a fire mode secondary to semi-automatic and automatic.

4483: 4149: 4097: 2887: 8245: 3847:(a) device manufactured or designed to propel a bullet or projectile through a barrel or cylinder by means of burning propellant, at a muzzle energy exceeding 8 joules (6 ft-lbs); 2847: 2373:

or striker, then moving the handguard forward to load a new cartridge into the chamber. It is most common on shotguns, though pump action rifles and grenade launchers also exist.

4381: 1128:

are break-action shotguns with two parallel barrels (horizontal side-by-side or vertical over-under), allowing two single shots that can be loaded and fired in quick succession.

6855: 6250:"DIRECTIVE 2008/51/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 amending Council Directive 91/477/EEC on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons" 3853:(c) device which is not at the time capable of discharging any bullet or projectile, but which can be readily altered to be a firearm within the meaning of paragraph (a) or (b); 5382:

Saidel, Benjamin. "Matchlocks, Flintlocks, and Saltpetre: The Chronological Implications for the Use of Matchlock Muskets among Ottoman-Period Bedouin in the Southern Levant."

3859:(e) barrel, frame or receiver of a device referred to in paragraphs (a), (b), (c) or (d), but does not include a muzzle loading firearm or any device contemplated in section 5; 1809:

rifles, as well as automatic firearms in general, are prohibited from civilian purchase or are at least heavily restricted; in the U.S. for instance, most automatic rifles are

2682:

had firearms in the late-13th century. Europeans obtained firearms in the 14th century. The Koreans adopted firearms from the Chinese in the 14th century. The Iranians (first

5979: 5087: 3483:, continuous fully-automatic fire is not possible, having been replaced by an automatic burst of three cartridges (this conserves ammunition and increases controllability). 3224:. Firearms that have internal magazines are usually, but not always, rifles. Some exceptions to this include the Mauser C96 pistol, which uses an internal magazine, and the 5786: 4345: 7001: 3534:

of an event, such as a shooting or poisoning, and do not include deaths due to "natural causes" or "indirect causes" such as chronic alcohol abuse or tobacco use) after

3471: 3325:

Cartridges represented a major innovation: firearms ammunition, previously delivered as separate bullets and powder, was combined in a single metallic (usually brass)

1089:

Shotguns share many qualities with rifles, such as both being descendants of early long guns such as the musket; both having bolt-action, lever-action, break-action,

5572: 2065:

developed since the late 20th century. However, they remain popular among special forces and police for their effectiveness in close-quarters and low likelihood to

5413: 3596:

A 2017 study found that attacks account for more than half (50.2%) of all nonfatal gun injuries, while unintentional injuries make up more than one-third (36.7%).

3823:(h) a device commonly known as a kiln gun or ringblaster, designed specifically for knocking out or down solid material in kilns, furnaces or cement silos; or 1467:

is commonly defined as a semi-automatic or selective-fire rifle that is larger or longer than an assault rifle and is chambered in a "full-power" cartridge (e.g.

6945: 3667:(2) a weapon made from a shotgun if such weapon as modified has an overall length of less than 26 inches or a barrel or barrels of less than 18 inches in length; 2733:), was recorded as being used by Java in 1413, the knowledge of making "true" firearms came much later, after the middle of 15th century. It was brought by the 5309: 3673:(4) a weapon made from a rifle if such weapon as modified has an overall length of less than 26 inches or a barrel or barrels of less than 16 inches in length; 6830: 6793: 4946: 4860: 3486:

Automatic weapons are largely restricted to military and paramilitary organizations, though many automatic designs are infamous for their use by civilians.

8238: 6930: 6900: 6850: 6797: 1508: 6231: 6073: 5241: 10387: 6965: 6950: 6940: 6910: 6865: 4419: 3878:

any other weapon or destructive device such as any explosive, incendiary or gas bomb, grenade, rocket, rocket launcher, missile, missile system, or mine.

3703: 3732:(i) artillery, hand-grenades, riot-pistols or weapons of any kind designed or adapted for the discharge of any noxious liquid, gas, or other such thing, 6955: 6880: 6860: 6840: 2867:. Neither the quality nor amount of gunpowder, nor the consistency in projectile dimensions was controlled, with resulting inaccuracy in firing due to 2557:

produced by firearms. For example, "pistol-whipping" typically leaves semicircular or triangular lacerations of skin produced by the butt of a pistol.

282:, etc.), together with the usual means of deportment (i.e. hand-held or mechanical mounting). Further classification may make reference to the type of 6208: 3770:

low-energy air rifles and pistols also fall under UK firearm legislation, although the licensing requirements of low-energy weapons are more relaxed.

6960: 6935: 6890: 6875: 3045: 423:) to achieve optimal operational capacity. Heavy firearms are those that are too large and heavy to be transported on foot, or too unstable against 6253: 6172: 3362:

as that of most centerfire hunting rifles and all revolvers, are internal to and inseparable from the firearm, and are loaded by using a "clip". A

1885:

to support infantry advances or defend positions from enemy assaults. Owing to their versatility and firepower, they are also commonly installed on

10910: 7469: 6920: 4504: 864:

depending on caliber and firing mechanism. Since the 19th and 20th centuries, various types of long guns have been created for different purposes.

7695: 4454: 1916:, belt-fed machine guns of a full-power caliber and a certain weight that can be operated by an individual but tend to work best with a crew; and 10699: 10457: 8231: 6628: 6302:"Inter-American Convention Against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives, and Other Related Materials" 5768: 2769:

gunfounders, compared as being in the same level with those of Germany, quickly adapted these new firearms, and thus a new type of arquebus, the

6305: 5821: 3146:

manufactured since the second half of the 19th-century use percussion caps except those built as replicas of the flintlock or earlier firearms.

7114: 7011: 6905: 2491:

is the capability of a firearm to have its fire mode adjusted between semi-automatic, burst, or automatic. The modes are chosen by means of a

5273: 707:, which have a single fixed firing chamber machined into the rear of the barrel, and are often loaded using magazines of varying capacities; 4541: 169:

charge and is designed to be readily carried and operated by an individual. The term is legally defined further in different countries (see

4475: 2560:

In armed robberies, beating the victims with firearms is a more common way to complete the robbery, rather than shooting or stabbing them.

620:

control about 133 million (about 13 percent) of the global total of small arms, of which over 43 percent belong to two countries: the

6333: 337:

are accurate to 500 metres (550 yd; 1,600 ft) using iron sights, or to longer ranges whilst using optical sights. Purpose-built

6134: 4921: 4775: 4275: 2239:

firearms that can only be fired once per barrel before it must be reloaded or charged via an external mechanism or series of steps; and

1284:. Carbines are also common among civilian firearm owners who have size, space, and power concerns similar to military and police users. 246:(i.e. bore diameter). For pistols and rifles this is given in millimeters or inches (e.g. 7.62mm or .308 in.); in the case of shotguns, 10603: 6736: 6357: 6279: 5436: 4388: 3535: 2632: 177: 5800: 5640: 5227:"The 1899 Hague Declaration concerning Expanding Bullets A treaty effective for more than 100 years faces complex contemporary issues" 7046: 7016: 6618: 4668: 2773:, appeared. The Japanese did not acquire firearms until the 16th century, and then from the Portuguese rather than from the Chinese. 4639: 3314:

substance contained in the cartridge is the percussion cap. In English-speaking countries, the 6mm Flobert cartridge corresponds to

7435: 6643: 5986: 2325:; when the bolt is returned to the forward position, a new cartridge, if loaded, is pushed out of the magazine and into the barrel 5056: 3585:

To prevent unintentional injury, gun safety training includes education on proper firearm storage and firearm-handling etiquette.

10847: 9913: 6766: 5455: 4353: 4144: 4087: 3971: 3637:

Even with hearing protection, due to the high intensity of the noise guns produce shooters still develop hearing loss over time.

3582:

In those 52 countries, a firearm is the first method used for homicide (two-thirds) but only the second method for suicide (20%.

4851:(2003). "Gunpowder Composition for Rockets and Cannon in Arabic Military Treatises in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries". 4209: 2340:, which does not require the bolt to be rotated, simplifying the bolt action mechanism and allowing for a greater rate of fire. 1865:

is a fully-automatic firearm, chambered in intermediate or full-power rifle cartridges, designed to provide sustained automatic

10904: 7842: 7779: 6885: 1164: 612:

reported that there were over one billion firearms distributed globally, of which 857 million (about 85 percent) were in

7847: 6970: 6696: 6471: 6445: 6426: 6407: 6387: 6097: 5513: 5481: 5407: 4769: 4691: 4318: 4269: 4129: 4077: 3458:

may have been the first automatic weapon, though the modern trigger-actuated machine gun was not widely introduced until the

1557: 1240:(SBR), though this more accurately describes a full-size rifle with a shortened carbine-style barrel for close-quarters use. 510: 4981: 3306:" for this cartridge, as these rifles and pistols were designed to be shot in indoor shooting-parlors in large homes. These 10862: 10737: 6603: 1115: 929:

Many types of rifles exist owing to their wide adoption and versatility, ranging from mere barrel length differences as in

466:

and are compact enough to be operated to full capacity by a single infantryman (individual-served) are also referred to as

8049: 5331: 3302:

in 1845. His cartridge consisted of a percussion cap with a bullet attached to the top. Flobert then made what he called "

2219:

Types aside, firearms are also categorized by their "action", which describes their loading, firing, and unloading cycle.

554: 7071: 7061: 5542: 5397: 204:

in 1132. In the 13th century, fire lance barrels were replaced with metal tubes and transformed into the metal-barreled

8580: 7026: 5954: 4934:

The first hand cannon appeared during the 1260 Battle of Ain Jalut between the Egyptians and Mongols in the Middle East

4134: 3929: 2794: 3735:(ii) accessories for any such firearm designed or adapted to diminish the noise or flash caused by the firing thereof, 3070:, the wheellock action was an innovation that was not widely adopted due to the high cost of the clockwork mechanism. 109: 10915: 10694: 10689: 6521: 5200: 5160: 4975: 4915: 4664: 4610: 4590: 4570: 3438:

capable of being fired automatically. It is in service by the U.S. military and has a wide ability for customization.

1729: 128: 5305: 4476:"U.S.C. Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure | Part I - Crimes | Chapter 44 - Firearms | Sec. 921 - Definitions" 81: 10642: 10620: 10227: 8734: 7041: 7036: 6547: 5874: 5845: 5604: 4180: 747: 7690: 4744:

Then I grabbed the AK (assault rifle), which was at his feet, and started muzzle thumping him in the head with it.

4659:"Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques," Vincent J. M. DiMaio, 1999, 3839:

In South Africa, Firearms Control Act defines firearms since June 2001, with a 2006 amendment of the definition:

878: 711:, which have a number of firing chambers or "charge holes" in a revolving cylinder, each one loaded with a single 9160: 6661: 6598: 5872:

Miniño, AM; Anderson, RN; Fingerhut, LA; Boudreault, MA; Warner, M (January 31, 2006). "Deaths: injuries, 2002".

4033: 10835: 10776: 10654: 10625: 10577: 10407: 10362: 10249: 10037: 8862: 8207: 7266: 6228: 5226: 5125:

Andaya, L. Y. 1999. Interaction with the outside world and adaptation in Southeast Asian society 1500–1800. In

4042: 4028: 3390:. In this sense, "magazines" and "clips", though often used synonymously, refer to different types of devices. 1829: 1775: 359: 88: 66: 4960:

Books, Amber; Dickie, Iain; Jestice, Phyllis; Jorgensen, Christer; Rice, Rob S.; Dougherty, Martin J. (2009).

4408: 1793:. Automatic rifles are sometimes confused with machine guns or vice versa, or are defined as such by law; the 722:

There are various types of the aforementioned handguns designed for different mechanisms or purposes, such as

10664: 9820: 7459: 6653: 1798: 10005: 1701: 10900: 10884: 10749: 10704: 7428: 7271: 6822: 6200: 4735: 4139: 3322:

ammunition. These cartridges have a relatively low muzzle-velocity of around 700 ft/s (210 m/s).

2429: 1877:, though many machine guns are also fed by box, drum, pan, or hopper magazines. They generally have a high 363: 5902: 743: 684:, a firearm that can be used with a single hand. They are the smallest of all firearms, and are common as 10964: 10954: 10920: 10879: 10818: 10630: 9444: 9298: 9290: 9053: 6570: 6164: 5843:

Anderson, RN; Miniño, AM; Fingerhut, LA; Warner, M; Heinen, MA (June 2, 2004). "Deaths: injuries, 2001".

4003: 1933: 1725: 1504: 1280:, etc.), though since the turn of the millennium these have been superseded to a degree in some roles by 95: 6010: 4681: 2305:

is a repeating (and rarely single-shot) action that is operated by directly manipulating the bolt via a

856:

up to the mid-19th century, were generally smoothbore firearms that fired one or more ball shot, called

10874: 10417: 10000: 8622: 8597: 7677: 7384: 7276: 6996: 6991: 6784: 5057:"L'Artillerie legere nousantarienne: A propos de six canons conserves dans des collections portugaises" 4446: 3939: 3623: 3113:.) The flintlock was widely used during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries in both muskets and rifles. 2452:(uses high-pressure gas from a fired cartridge to dispose of the spent case and load a new cartridge). 1665: 798: 17: 10062: 6249: 6035: 4505:"Firearms - Guides - Importation & Verification of Firearms - Gun Control Act Definition - Pistol" 1181: 10759: 10382: 9918: 9006: 7794: 6493: 6301: 5813: 2762: 1721: 1642: 1630: 4892:"War and Medicine: A Brief History of the Military's Contribution to Wound Care Through World War I" 3566: 3513: 1243:

The small size of a carbine provides lower weight and better maneuverability, making them ideal for

77: 10525: 10319: 10042: 9662: 9464: 8547: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8379: 7542: 7311: 7134: 6565: 6560: 4067: 3959: 3525:

countries, 2010, ordered by total death rates (homicide plus suicide plus other gun-related deaths)

1897:. Many machine guns are individual-served and can be operated by a single soldier, though some are 1669: 590: 62: 31: 5265: 3803:(b) whether or not operable or complete or temporarily or permanently inoperable or incomplete 1941:, a portable light machine gun or even a modified rifle that is designed and fielded to provide a 1598:

farther than that of a standard rifle. Though any rifle in a sniper configuration (usually with a

10515: 10314: 9955: 9896: 9260: 9245: 9119: 8874: 8730: 8461: 8212: 8029: 7421: 6585: 6555: 5497: 5373:

Weir, William. 50 Weapons That Changed Warfare. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page, 2005. 71–74. Print.

4963:

Fighting Techniques of Naval Warfare: Strategy, Weapons, Commanders, and Ships: 1190 BC – Present

4533: 4112: 3915: 3196: 2722: 2718: 2695: 2512: 2129: 2081: 1685: 1641:, a broad class of rifles generally summed up as short, lightweight, portable sniper rifles; and 1281: 1125: 1118:. Shotguns are still popular with civilians for the suitability of their shot spread in hunting, 1005: 794: 651: 538: 55: 2650:, China. The sculpture dates to the 12th century and represents a figure carrying a vase-shaped 10781: 10744: 10520: 10032: 9795: 9672: 9550: 9513: 9196: 9073: 8933: 8869: 8634: 8573: 7577: 7474: 7224: 6326: 4082: 4047: 3279: 2605: 2382: 1977: 1961: 1938: 1909: 1657: 1492: 1488: 1353: 1277: 1094: 755: 629: 275: 6126: 5761: 5501: 4757: 4259: 3850:(b) device manufactured or designed to discharge rim-fire, centre-fire or pin-fire ammunition; 10452: 10377: 10347: 10072: 9881: 9469: 9449: 9033: 8950: 8857: 8542: 8276: 7877: 7448: 7159: 7154: 7149: 6575: 6514: 5749: 4967: 4891: 4107: 4072: 3954: 3696: 3295: 2875:

and the shot. Hand cannons were replaced around the 15th century by lighter carriage-mounted

2535: 2314: 2178: 2139: 2105: 2093: 2057: 2011: 1794: 1288: 1244: 1221: 1132: 1111: 731: 602: 526: 318: 247: 6275: 5433: 10500: 10482: 10472: 9980: 9719: 9612: 9414: 9347: 8362: 8357: 7522: 7464: 6593: 5637: 4721: 3741:(iv) carriages, platforms, and appliances for mounting, transporting and serving artillery; 3326: 3261: 2611: 2554: 2461: 2285: 2277: 2166: 1689: 1681: 1607: 1252: 1119: 997: 938: 930: 802: 712: 463: 8519: 8481: 5948:"Personal Firearms Programs that Promote Safe Storage and Research on Their Effectiveness" 5153:

Expanding Frontiers in South Asian and World History: Essays in Honour of John F. Richards

5139:

The bewitched gun : the introduction of the firearm in the Far East by the Portuguese

3337:

together with a ball in a small cloth bag (or rolled paper cylinder), which also acted as

2030: 2015: 670: 8: 10610: 10593: 10495: 10437: 10159: 10142: 9960: 9903: 9891: 9886: 9864: 9750: 9714: 9617: 9592: 9555: 9493: 9409: 8918: 8456: 8309: 8291: 8223: 7930: 7882: 7682: 7204: 6098:"Lead poisoning: Spot symptoms and limit exposure-Lead poisoning - Symptoms & causes" 4762:

Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures

4635: 4261:

Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures

3976: 3949: 3923: 3919: 3911: 3358: 3189: 3102: 2748: 2694:) all got them no later than the 15th century, from the Ottoman Turks. The people of the 2662:

made of bronze, has been dated to 1288 because it was discovered at a site in modern-day

2441: 2310: 2212: 1646: 1618: 1373: 1144: 1001: 814: 582: 452: 381: 342: 200:, operable by a single person, which was later used effectively as a shock weapon in the 8558: 6380:

The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History

5549:

of the official website (in French) of a modern indoor-shooting association in Belgium,

5306:"Andrew Knighton, The Development of Early Handguns, warhistoryonline.com, Oct 19, 2018" 5037:

Mayers (1876). "Chinese explorations of the Indian Ocean during the fifteenth century".

5022: 2898: 2643:) was combined with projectiles such as scrap metal, broken porcelain, or darts/arrows. 2045:). They cannot be considered machine guns due to their small caliber, hence the prefix " 1472: 432: 10959: 10825: 10771: 10732: 10432: 10422: 10234: 10222: 9840: 9622: 9429: 9399: 9063: 8785: 8098: 7745: 7662: 7209: 7169: 7139: 6538: 6034:

Montgomerie, John Z.; Lawrence, Amy E.; LaMotte, Adam D.; Taft, Casey T. (2015-03-01).

5732: 5707: 5683: 5658: 5079: 4940: 4872: 4848: 4707: 3990: 3753: 3343: 3299: 2991: 2492: 2326: 2053:, even if they are not actually a handgun (i.e. designed to require two hands to use). 1913: 1898: 1802: 1404: 1399:

since the mid-20th century. Various configurations of assault rifle exist, such as the

1273: 1265: 826: 818: 621: 598: 586: 420: 250:(e.g. 12 ga. and 20 ga.). They are also described by the type of action employed (e.g. 6238:

does not consider an air gun to be a firearm and does not regulate airguns as firearms

5723: 5674: 5506:

Cartridges of the World: A Complete and Illustrated Reference for Over 1500 Cartridges

5452: 3713:

rather than through chemical propellant combustion, then the device is technically an

2903: 10949: 10542: 10537: 10490: 10427: 10412: 10207: 10010: 9975: 9830: 9790: 9738: 9570: 9454: 9210: 9134: 9104: 9068: 9058: 9016: 8850: 8601: 8566: 8537: 8499: 8446: 8299: 8087: 7992: 7832: 7784: 7715: 7620: 7602: 7413: 7286: 7261: 7256: 7189: 7164: 6789: 6467: 6441: 6422: 6403: 6383: 6351: 6055: 5883: 5854: 5737: 5688: 5623: 5509: 5477: 5403: 5339: 5196: 5156: 5083: 4971: 4911: 4864: 4765: 4687: 4660: 4606: 4586: 4566: 4265: 4018: 3451: 3399: 3363: 3213: 3135: 3126: 3063: 2776: 2766: 2550: 2425: 2411: 2370: 2240: 2198: 2085: 2026: 1917: 1905: 1890: 1790: 1411: 1369: 1098: 1059: 766: 609: 550: 542: 530: 279: 201: 102: 4205: 3765:

In the UK, a firearm does not have to use a combustible propellant, as explained by

3270: 1855: 1561: 1468: 1457: 1357: 1209: 1051: 10869: 10786: 10724: 10573: 10467: 10367: 10357: 10324: 10259: 9965: 9825: 9709: 9607: 9602: 9424: 9372: 9230: 9220: 9150: 9091: 8962: 8688: 8593: 8529: 8329: 8319: 8281: 8108: 7951: 7946: 7892: 7672: 7652: 7572: 7517: 7402: 7341: 7306: 7296: 7229: 7184: 7179: 7144: 6638: 6507: 6047: 5727: 5719: 5678: 5670: 5613: 5071: 4903: 4899: 4310: 4102: 4062: 3999: 3692: 3383: 3205: 2864: 2651: 2540: 2524: 2496: 2433: 2424:

and discharging said new cartridge by delivering a hammer or striker impact on the

2402:

Types of semi-automatic actions and modes include automatic, burst, and selective.

2369:

rearward (frontward on some models), ejecting any spent cartridges and cocking the

2182: 1929: 1894: 1886: 1882: 1810: 1599: 1312: 1292: 1054:

during flight. Shotguns are also capable of firing single solid projectiles called

969: 902: 883: 693: 685: 632:

control about 23 million (about 2 percent) of the global total of small arms.

558: 428: 397: 355: 326: 217: 5600:"Violent Death Rates: The US Compared with Other High-income OECD Countries, 2010" 5353: 3562: 2978:

One interesting solution to the reloading problem was the "Roman Candle Gun" with

2964: 905:(inner) surface of its barrel, imparting a gyroscopically stabilizing spin to the 719:, broadly defined as any handgun that is not a traditional pistol nor a revolver. 10857: 10852: 10659: 10649: 10532: 10510: 10239: 10025: 9970: 9694: 9503: 9377: 9362: 9342: 9155: 9023: 8940: 8923: 8886: 8823: 8813: 8072: 8024: 7959: 7512: 7326: 7194: 6776: 6235: 5644: 5618: 5599: 5546: 5459: 5440: 4961: 4092: 4037: 3766: 3710: 3375: 2979: 2961: 2663: 2577: 2571: 2544: 2273: 2186: 2158: 2066: 1851: 1825: 1783: 1746: 1741: 1705: 1661: 1626: 1595: 1565: 1535: 1269: 1160: 1156: 1136: 1075: 973: 942: 923: 822: 689: 303: 3593:

Based on US data, it is estimated that three people are injured for one killed.

2886:

In the 1420s, gunpowder was used to propel missiles from hand-held tubes during

2871:, variance in gunpowder composition, and the difference in diameter between the 2203: 10397: 10217: 10067: 9985: 9810: 9765: 9639: 9575: 9565: 9476: 9434: 9404: 9325: 9114: 8984: 8905: 8879: 8830: 8504: 8451: 8347: 8304: 8271: 8194: 8156: 7735: 7667: 7346: 7301: 7291: 7251: 6455: 6419:

Association of Firearm Instructors Glossary of Firearm Terms: 2017–2018 Edition

6036:"The link between posttraumatic stress disorder and firearm violence: A review" 4057: 4052: 3934: 3476: 3346:

cartridge) or in a small percussion cap embedded in the center of the base (a "

3246: 3209: 3168: 3131: 3122: 2995: 2915: 2859:

from the 13th century, was loaded with gunpowder and the projectile (initially

2758: 2499:. Selective fire is most commonly found on assault rifles and submachine guns. 2479: 2322: 2306: 2265: 2050: 2038: 2001: 1969: 1634: 1349: 1260: 1256: 1248: 1107: 1103: 1079: 1063: 774: 735: 518: 499: 6051: 5945: 5924: 3682:(7) any silencer (as defined in section 921 of title 18, United States Code); 2336:, where the bolt must be axially rotated to unlock and lock the receiver; and 2143: 10943: 10598: 10057: 10015: 9687: 9647: 9627: 9587: 9535: 9523: 9508: 9382: 9367: 9240: 9177: 9165: 8999: 8989: 8979: 8974: 8957: 8928: 8840: 8760: 8375: 8314: 8184: 8136: 7872: 7862: 7755: 7710: 7612: 7567: 7547: 7379: 7369: 7316: 7239: 7219: 7081: 6375: 6059: 5535: 5193:

The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: Volume 1, From Early Times to C.1800

4868: 3655: 3495: 3435: 3371: 3283: 3110: 2742: 2699: 2691: 2449: 2269: 1611: 1396: 1324: 1304: 1083: 1046: 911: 810: 751: 739: 514: 373: 10442: 10079: 5947: 5075: 4907: 3664:(1) a shotgun having a barrel or barrels of less than 18 inches in length; 2507: 2247:

Types of manual actions include lever action, bolt action, and pump action.

1755: 1483:

to differentiate older full-powered rifles of these configurations like the

1476: 887: 333:

generally does not exceed 100 metres (110 yd; 330 ft), while most

10804: 10796: 10676: 10615: 10585: 10565: 10372: 10197: 10047: 9805: 9800: 9775: 9770: 9755: 9682: 9597: 9545: 9530: 9498: 9387: 9182: 9129: 9028: 8969: 8945: 8723: 8703: 8693: 8683: 8679: 8141: 8116: 8066: 8007: 7979: 7925: 7740: 7630: 7502: 7374: 7321: 7281: 7234: 5887: 5858: 5741: 5692: 5627: 4023: 3985: 3981: 3446:

The first "rapid firing" firearms were usually similar to the 19th-century

3354: 3287: 3159: 3155: 3143: 2971: 2730: 2667: 2624: 2567: 2516: 2445: 2272:

area (often incorporating it) that is pulled down then back up to move the

2256: 2113: 1989: 1921: 1878: 1717: 1547: 1531: 1443: 1392: 1388: 1377: 1329: 1148: 1055: 1027: 985: 958: 954: 946: 782: 770: 727: 697: 617: 522: 448: 436: 416: 393: 385: 338: 290:) and to the barrel length (e.g. 24 inches), to the firing mechanism (e.g. 259: 255: 251: 141: 5706:

GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014).

5129:. ed. Nicholas Tarling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 345–401. 2046: 1552: 1365: 1361: 1338: 310:

rifle), or to the commonly accepted name for a particular variation (e.g.

10813: 10808: 10505: 10352: 10292: 10164: 10147: 10020: 9995: 9908: 9845: 9815: 9785: 9760: 9724: 9699: 9667: 9657: 9652: 9540: 9518: 9352: 9320: 9225: 9124: 9045: 8765: 8383: 8341: 8333: 8179: 8171: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7827: 7789: 7582: 7537: 7532: 7507: 7214: 7199: 4008: 3995: 3459: 3455: 3447: 3405: 3367: 3307: 3275: 3200: 3172: 2856: 2842: 2726: 2659: 2620: 2349: 2297: 2236: 2006: 1957: 1946: 1866: 1841: 1817: 1779: 1767: 1709: 1697: 1673: 1638: 1591: 1576: 1495:, but it is sometimes used to describe similar modern rifles such as the 1376:. Assault rifles are also usually smaller than full-sized rifles such as 1259:, considerably so since the late 1990s due to the familiarity and better 1190: 1090: 993: 965: 950: 853: 806: 723: 534: 503: 322: 311: 267: 263: 212:

during the 14th century. Older firearms typically used black powder as a

205: 4876: 4346:"Small Arms Survey reveals: More than one billion firearms in the world" 4174: 3670:(3) a rifle having a barrel or barrels of less than 16 inches in length; 2444:(uses energy from the cartridge case as it is pushed by expanding gas), 661: 10714: 10709: 10681: 10569: 10462: 10402: 10392: 10275: 10202: 10174: 10102: 9940: 9876: 9704: 9560: 9419: 9394: 9357: 9310: 8891: 8835: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8639: 8352: 8263: 8082: 8044: 8035: 7920: 7907: 7897: 7857: 7837: 7720: 7657: 7607: 7557: 7527: 4013: 3907: 3499: 3431: 3347: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3303: 3265: 3016: 2829: 2815: 2683: 2655: 2636: 2588: 2528: 2421: 2318: 2281: 2215:(bottom); these weapons' actions are common for their respective types. 2208: 2162: 2097: 2062: 2042: 1920:, machine guns that are too large and heavy to be carried and are thus 1870: 1629:, anti-materiel rifles that were designed specifically to combat early 1427: 1308: 1300: 1233: 1201: 1186: 1152: 1042: 790: 786: 778: 566: 562: 389: 377: 370: 283: 236: 225: 221: 213: 197: 5705: 3561:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

2675:(7.8 lb) without the handle, which would have been made of wood. 415:. Light firearms are those that can be readily carried by individual 10309: 10304: 10287: 10212: 10169: 9990: 9945: 9780: 9580: 9486: 9481: 9459: 9315: 9235: 9170: 9109: 8808: 8740: 8698: 8509: 8437: 8189: 8161: 8146: 8131: 8126: 8092: 7915: 7887: 7852: 7817: 7807: 7766: 7730: 7597: 7562: 7552: 7497: 7174: 5024:

A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries

3480: 3467: 3387: 3379: 3353:

Nearly all contemporary firearms load cartridges directly into their

3334: 3217: 3106: 3093: 3084: 3079: 3054: 3040: 3027: 3006: 2931: 2876: 2860: 2781: 2770: 2710: 2640: 2366: 2362: 2101: 1985: 1953: 1821: 1653: 1590:

is, per widespread definition, a high-powered precision rifle, often

1523: 1512: 1484: 1448: 1431: 1247:

and storage in compact areas. This makes them popular firearms among

1205: 1140: 981: 977: 716: 546: 483: 299: 295: 291: 189: 185: 166: 146: 5803:, where it states that the figures are for July 1 of the given year. 3011: 2820: 44: 10766: 10754: 10297: 10181: 10137: 10127: 10122: 10098: 9850: 9835: 9439: 9330: 8994: 8845: 8803: 8755: 8708: 8466: 8151: 7984: 7822: 7774: 7750: 7592: 7587: 7492: 7484: 6980: 6247: 4118:

List of weapons of military aircraft of Germany during World War II

3944: 3796:"firearm" means any device, whether or not assembled or in parts — 3225: 3164: 3067: 2911: 2880: 2717:

Even though the knowledge of making gunpowder-based weapons in the

2687: 2616: 1874: 1771: 1677: 1622: 1511:, both essentially heavily modified and modernized variants of the 1480: 1071: 1067: 1031: 861: 838: 750:

revolvers; and small, compact handguns for concealed carry such as

708: 681: 666: 655: 613: 487: 479: 444: 412: 271: 153:, two common firearms with significant influences on firearm design 2705: 1846: 1614:

that was modified to be lighter and come with a telescopic sight.

1022: 914:, police as accurate long-range alternatives to their traditional 10637: 10329: 10244: 10152: 10132: 10110: 9950: 9677: 9337: 9087: 9011: 8795: 8750: 8745: 8713: 8121: 8077: 8054: 8015: 8003: 7867: 7812: 7644: 7625: 7364: 7336: 7331: 5946:

United States Government Accountability Office (September 2017).

5871: 4309:

Weller, Jac; Guilmartin, John; Ezell, Edward (November 7, 2017).

4150:

Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU

4098:

List of secondary and special-issue World War II infantry weapons

3714: 3419: 3410: 3338: 3333:

Before this, a "cartridge" was simply a pre-measured quantity of

3098: 3059: 2956: 2872: 2868: 2647: 2592: 2581: 2117: 2109: 2034: 1693: 1580: 1496: 1400: 1229: 1176: 1017: 934: 919: 915: 898: 646: 641: 574: 570: 495: 471: 440: 307: 287: 243: 232: 228: 209: 30:

This article is about the projectile weapon. For other uses, see

5474:

Flayderman's Guide to Antique American Firearms and Their Values

3820:(f) a device designed for the discharge of signal flares; or 2134: 1082:

shotgun. Shotgun munitions, regardless of type, are packed into

937:, to classifications per the rifle's function and purpose as in 10447: 10339: 10254: 10052: 8818: 8718: 8649: 8471: 8060: 7902: 7802: 7725: 7705: 7700: 7640: 6530: 6488: 4817: 3738:(iii) parts of, and machinery for manufacturing, fire-arms, and 2951: 2679: 2437: 2174: 1973: 1925: 1751: 1527: 1453: 1384: 1334: 906: 857: 704: 594: 578: 475: 459: 424: 330: 181: 6165:"Gunshots and hearing loss -- why hearing protection is vital" 6033: 4176:

Association of Firearm Instructors – Glossary of Firearm Terms

3792:

Australia has a definition of firearms in its 1996 legal act:

2646:

An early depiction of a firearm is a sculpture from a cave in

1806:

Title 26, Subtitle E, Chapter 53, Subchapter B, Part 1, § 5845

1518:

Examples of rifles considered to be battle rifles include the

9270: 9265: 9250: 9205: 8901: 8514: 8491: 8476: 5842: 3463: 3415: 2738: 2734: 2077: 2073: 1965: 1942: 1713: 1684:. Examples of anti-materiel and anti-tank rifles include the 1603: 1519: 1423: 1415: 1225: 1114:

and sometimes limited to underbarrel attachments such as the

1045:

barrel—meaning it lacks rifling—designed to fire a number of

873: 762: 625: 491: 334: 193: 150: 5476:(9 ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: F+W Media, Inc. p. 775. 4722:"Pistol-whip Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com" 1873:

of standard rifles. They are commonly associated with being

1782:'s standard machine gun at the time, was fed by a 250-round 1196: 419:, though they might still require more than one individual ( 4959: 4563:

The Fighting Rifle: A Complete Study of the Rifle in Combat

3522: 2939: 2361:

is a repeating action that is operated by moving a sliding

8253: 6499: 3426: 380:

driven by rapidly expanding high-pressure gas produced by

9255: 9215: 8644: 8629: 8588: 6421:. United States: The Association of Firearm Instructors. 4807: 4805: 3221: 2089: 1981: 1813:

that require certain licenses and are greatly regulated.

1571: 1419: 1296: 989: 376:

that inflicts damage on targets by launching one or more

162: 4625:, vol. II, The Goetz Company, Washington, D.C. (1967): 1 3599: 2428:. Automatic firearms are further defined by the type of 1881:

and a large ammunition capacity, and are often used for

10564: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6151: 4615: 2025:

is a magazine-fed carbine chambered in a small-caliber

7443: 4802: 4441: 4439: 3778:

In Canada, firearms are defined by the Criminal Code:

2855:

The original predecessor of all firearms, the Chinese

2527:, for instance to conserve limited ammunition or when 1403:, in which the firing grip is located in front of the 224:. Most modern firearms (with the notable exception of 4861:

International Committee for the History of Technology

4340: 4338: 4336: 4308: 4200: 4198: 3470:(in service from 1914). Automatic rifles such as the 2448:(use propellant gas pressure to open the breech), or 1708:. Examples of designated marksman rifles include the 6438:

Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology Through History

6276:"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Criminal Code" 6148: 4290: 4242:

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged

4235:

American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

3658:, under 26 USC § 5845 (a), the term "firearm" means 1509:

United States Marine Corps Designated Marksman Rifle

6248:European Parliament and the Council (21 May 2008). 4829: 4509:

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

4436: 3817:(e) a spear gun designed for underwater use; or 3704:

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

3676:(5) any other weapon, as defined in subsection (e); 2713:, a result of Indo-Portuguese gun-making traditions 2157:Personal defense weapons were developed to provide 1904:Machine guns can be divided into three categories: 1766:They usually have smaller magazine capacities than 69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5597: 5508:. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 441. 5490: 4999: 4333: 4195: 3869:An inter-American convention defines firearms as: 3049:A wheellock pistol mechanism from the 17th century 2702:at least by the last quarter of the 15th century. 2420:new cartridge into the chamber, then igniting the 2264:is a repeating action that is operated by using a 1633:, but are now largely obsolete due to advances in 703:Handguns can be categorized into two broad types: 4945:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 2639:(a bamboo or metal tube that could shoot ignited 2631:The first firearms were invented in 10th century 2173:Examples of personal defense weapons include the 354:For a more detailed list of common firearms, see 10941: 7721:Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket 5657:Wang, Haidong; Naghavi, MohsenA (October 2016). 5598:Grinshteyn, Erin; Hemenway, David (March 2016). 5016: 5014: 4382:Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers 1652:Examples of sniper and scout rifles include the 1621:, high-caliber rifles designed to destroy enemy 964:Examples of rifles of various types include the 10885:Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW) 7756:Xun Lei Chong spear five barrel revolver musket 6074:"PTSD Can Persist Months After School Shooting" 5783:"World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision" 5384:International Journal of Historical Archaeology 5132: 4889: 3357:. Some additionally or exclusively load from a 3310:cartridges do not contain any powder, the only 3282:cartridge (1871), a later drawn brass .577/450 403:In the military, firearms are categorized into 5496: 4595: 4575: 4555: 2914:is a long gun that appeared in Europe and the 2658:coming out of it. The oldest surviving gun, a 306:), to the design's primary intended use (e.g. 176:The first firearms originated in 10th-century 8574: 8239: 7429: 6515: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6121: 6119: 6117: 5104: 5011: 4403: 4401: 4257: 4237:(4 ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. 2725:(1293), and the predecessor of firearms, the 1854:, a general-purpose machine gun chambered in 949:, to differences in the rifle's action as in 208:. The technology gradually spread throughout 9288: 6205:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 5775: 5048: 4755: 4526: 4375: 4373: 4371: 3706:, if gas pressurization is achieved through 2721:archipelago had been known after the failed 1189:, a uniquely-designed carbine, chambered in 585:(Russia). Former top producers included the 317:Shooters aim firearms at their targets with 10097: 5656: 4387:(Report). Small Arms Survey. Archived from 3767:Crown Prosecution Service Guidance Firearms 3622:A common hazard of repeated firearm use is 2753:firearm introduced in the Japanese islands. 2123: 8581: 8567: 8246: 8232: 7436: 7422: 6522: 6508: 6186: 6114: 5977: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5471: 5144: 4621:Musgave, Daniel D., and Thomas B. Nelson, 4398: 4379: 2553:recognizes evidence for various types of 1414:of Soviet and Russian origin (such as the 242:Modern firearms can be described by their 6222: 6015:The Educational Fund to Stop Gun Violence 5731: 5682: 5617: 5591: 5155:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4890:Broughton, George; Burris, David (2010). 4847: 4736:"US Soldier: How We Stopped Train Gunman" 4368: 4253: 4251: 4228: 4226: 3864: 2519:a target dummy with an unloaded M16 rifle 2142:, a personal defense weapon chambered in 2056:Submachine guns are considered ideal for 1816:Examples of automatic rifles include the 1625:such as vehicles, supplies, or hardware; 129:Learn how and when to remove this message 5903:"Death index: Top 59 ways Americans die" 5785:. UN Population Division. Archived from 5767:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5110: 5020: 4447:"Firearms Act 1996 - Sect 3 Definitions" 3814:(d) a captive bolt humane killer; or 3512: 3425: 3409: 3269: 3163: 3083: 3044: 3010: 2955: 2897: 2846: 2819: 2775: 2747: 2737:nations of West Asia, most probably the 2704: 2615: 2506: 2502: 2317:, ejecting a cartridge, and cocking the 2202: 2133: 2072:Examples of submachine guns include the 2005: 1845: 1745: 1570: 1551: 1447: 1328: 1195: 1180: 1021: 877: 660: 645: 601:(Austria), and Rock Island Armory under 140: 6454: 6374: 5900: 5699: 5650: 5556: 5190: 5175: 5127:The Cambridge history of southeast Asia 5054: 4823: 4683:Robbery and the Criminal Justice System 4679: 4603:Special Forces Combat Firing Techniques 4583:Special Forces Foreign Weapons Handbook 4296: 4206:"Merriam-Webster Dictionary, "Firearm"" 4145:International Shooting Sport Federation 4088:List of infantry weapons of World War I 3972:Air travel with firearms and ammunition 3829:(j) a device of a prescribed class; 3374:used to aid loading rifles such as the 3231: 2804: 2698:archipelago of Southeast Asia used the 1908:, individual-served machine guns of an 1774:had a 20-round box magazine, while the 1410:Examples of assault rifles include the 1041:is a long gun that has a predominantly 411:weapons regarding their portability by 14: 10942: 7843:Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages 7780:Artillery of France in the Middle Ages 7613:San Yan Chong three barrel hand cannon 6435: 6356:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5312:from the original on February 27, 2021 5178:An Illustrated Handbook of Indian Arms 4248: 4223: 4179:. Association of Firearm Instructors. 4173:Cole, Suzanne N. (November 19, 2016). 4168: 4166: 1579:, an anti-materiel rifle chambered in 1232:. However, some carbines, such as the 170: 10563: 10096: 9287: 8667: 8666: 8562: 8227: 7848:Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty 7417: 6503: 6397: 6282:from the original on 22 February 2020 6201:"Recreational Firearm Noise Exposure" 5293: 5287: 5150: 5005: 4835: 4811: 4796: 4544:from the original on 24 November 2012 4130:List of shooting sports organizations 4078:List of World War II infantry weapons 3885:international UN protocol on firearms 3600:PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder) 3577:Fatalities in 52 countries, mid-1990s 3393: 3183: 3149: 2851:A Swiss soldier firing a hand cannon. 1952:Examples of machine guns include the 1558:Accuracy International Arctic Warfare 817:. Examples of derringers include the 680:is, as defined generally and in many 513:, the top firearms manufacturers are 6416: 5824:from the original on 1 February 2019 5224: 4172: 3640: 3547: 2985: 1932:), and require a crew to operate. A 1869:as opposed to the semi-automatic or 1116:M26 Modular Accessory Shotgun System 793:. Examples of revolvers include the 427:, and thus require the support of a 67:adding citations to reliable sources 38: 7683:Girardoni M1780 repeating air rifle 6460:Science & Civilisation in China 5980:"Gun Safety and Instruction Manual" 5901:Learish, Jessica (March 31, 2021). 4778:from the original on 9 October 2013 4278:from the original on 9 October 2013 4208:. Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31. 4163: 3240: 2824:A cavalryman wielding a fire lance. 1735: 1610:, which was essentially a standard 1165:Knight's Armament Company Masterkey 901:(spiral grooves) machined into the 24: 8372:Compact and non-magnifying sights 6400:Firearms: A Global History to 1700 6256:from the original on 4 August 2019 5925:"FastStats - Deaths and Mortality" 5395: 5270:Journal of the American Revolution 4183:from the original on June 13, 2021 4135:World Forum on Shooting Activities 3930:Electrothermal-chemical technology 3685:not likely to be used as a weapon. 3466:(adopted in 1908) and the British 2918:during the 15th Century. The term 2332:Two designs of bolt action exist: 1995: 1754:, an automatic rifle chambered in 1487:, from newer assault rifles using 25: 10976: 6481: 4924:from the original on 3 April 2019 4409:"Firearms Control Act 60 of 2000" 4321:from the original on May 12, 2021 4244:. HarperCollins Publishers. 2003. 3760: 3747: 3695:"NFA firearm", as defined by the 3517:Gun-related homicide and suicide 3489: 3116: 3058:small wheel (much like that on a 2942:ball of about 3.5 ounces (100g). 2938:. These heavy arquebuses fired a 2473: 2376: 2268:(the "lever") located around the 1730:M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System 1318: 1287:Examples of carbines include the 1131:Examples of shotguns include the 1110:often only used for breaching or 7398: 7397: 6487: 5875:National Vital Statistics System 5846:National Vital Statistics System 5605:The American Journal of Medicine 5399:Firearms: An Illustrated History 4896:Advances in Wound Care: Volume 1 4317:. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 3691:This is the ATF definition of a 3649: 3608: 3552: 3228:, an Italian light machine gun. 2960:Muskets and bayonets aboard the 2309:. The bolt is unlocked from the 2014:, a submachine gun chambered in 1541: 1437: 1337:, an assault rifle chambered in 761:Examples of pistols include the 462:of light firearms that only use 43: 6339:from the original on 2020-10-27 6319: 6308:from the original on 2020-12-01 6294: 6268: 6241: 6211:from the original on 2019-09-04 6175:from the original on 2019-10-15 6137:from the original on 2020-04-14 6090: 6066: 6040:Aggression and Violent Behavior 6027: 6003: 5971: 5960:from the original on 2018-04-13 5939: 5917: 5894: 5865: 5836: 5806: 5529: 5465: 5446: 5427: 5416:from the original on 2021-12-19 5389: 5376: 5367: 5346: 5324: 5298: 5276:from the original on 2018-04-09 5258: 5247:from the original on 2021-07-09 5218: 5209: 5184: 5169: 5119: 5093:from the original on 2020-10-17 5031: 4984:from the original on 2019-12-30 4953: 4883: 4841: 4790: 4749: 4728: 4714: 4700: 4673: 4653: 4642:from the original on 2021-01-18 4628: 4515:from the original on 2020-09-20 4497: 4486:from the original on 2020-10-24 4468: 4457:from the original on 2020-06-12 4425:from the original on 2020-06-12 4212:from the original on 2017-06-02 3834: 2922:is derived from the Dutch word 2902:A 17th Century arquebus at the 2836: 2329:, and the breech is re-locked. 2313:, then pulled back to open the 2250: 1912:that are usually magazine-fed; 1835: 239:for improved flight stability. 54:needs additional citations for 8257:accessories mounting standards 8208:Category:Early modern firearms 7716:Kalthoff M1630 repeating rifle 7687:Hartingk M1670 repeating rifle 6466:. Cambridge University Press. 6440:. Cambridge University Press. 6402:. Cambridge University Press. 6382:. Princeton University Press. 5573:"Small Arms and Global Health" 5195:. Cambridge University Press. 4302: 4043:Overview of gun laws by nation 4029:Index of gun politics articles 3902:Firearm science and technology 2879:pieces, and ultimately by the 2809: 2757:The technology of firearms in 2343: 2291: 1830:M1918 Browning automatic rifle 1776:Hotchkiss Mle 1914 machine gun 1560:, a sniper rifle chambered in 1456:, a battle rifle chambered in 1204:, a carbine derivative of the 360:List of most-produced firearms 235:barrels to impart spin to the 13: 1: 10750:Firearms by country 10665:Civilian Marksmanship Program 7673:Cookson M1750 repeating rifle 7653:Belton M1777 repeating musket 5724:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2 5675:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 5502:"American Rimfire Cartridges" 5055:Manguin, Pierre-Yves (1976). 4156: 3255: 2893: 2763:Portuguese capture of Malacca 2284:mechanism, expelling the old 1799:Firearm Owners Protection Act 918:long guns, and civilians for 8344:(1 inch, 30 mm, 34 mm, etc.) 7799:Byzantine fire tube (cannon) 6127:"Noise-Induced Hearing Loss" 5619:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.10.025 5141:, by Rainer Daehnhardt 1994. 4416:South African Police Service 4140:International Biathlon Union 3787: 3462:(1914–1918) with the German 3073: 3034: 3000: 2405: 2321:and engaging it against the 1479:). The term originated as a 1372:) and fed with a detachable 852:. Early long arms, from the 832: 364:Small Arms and Light Weapons 192:projectiles were mounted on 7: 10921:Federal Assault Weapons Ban 10819:Campaign Against Arms Trade 7940:Medieval large calibre guns 7588:Nock M1779 seven barrel gun 7558:Huo Qiang lance hand cannon 6812:National Revolutionary Army 6529: 5266:"The Inaccuracy of Muskets" 4760:. In Selin, Helaine (ed.). 4636:"Definition of PUMP-ACTION" 4004:Right to keep and bear arms 3895: 3015:Various Japanese (samurai) 2761:further improved after the 2591:end of a firearm without a 1934:general-purpose machine gun 1726:Mk 14 Enhanced Battle Rifle 1594:or semi-automatic, with an 1505:Mk 14 Enhanced Battle Rifle 1426:), as well as the American 1170: 1011: 799:Smith & Wesson Model 10 748:double-action/single-action 635: 10: 10981: 10875:High-capacity magazine ban 10001:Mean time between failures 8668: 8277:Quick-change barrel system 7678:M1696 French common musket 6624:War of the Triple Alliance 6436:Crosby, Alfred W. (2002). 6368: 5354:"> Where Are You From?" 5191:Tarling, Nicholas (1992). 5151:Eaton, Richard M. (2013). 4623:The World's Assault Rifles 4601:R.J. Scroggie, F.A. Moyer 3940:Glossary of firearms terms 3624:noise-induced hearing loss 3493: 3403: 3397: 3300:rimfire metallic cartridge 3290:Mk VII SAA Ball cartridge. 3259: 3244: 3187: 3153: 3120: 3077: 3038: 3004: 2989: 2949: 2945: 2840: 2813: 2609: 2603: 2599: 2580:, striking someone with a 2477: 2459: 2409: 2380: 2365:(the "pump") on the gun's 2347: 2295: 2254: 2211:(top) and the pump action 2196: 2127: 1999: 1839: 1801:define a "machine gun" in 1739: 1702:Gepárd anti-materiel rifle 1666:Accuracy International AWM 1643:designated marksman rifles 1631:armoured fighting vehicles 1545: 1441: 1322: 1174: 1015: 871: 836: 654:, a revolver chambered in 639: 353: 216:, but modern firearms use 29: 10893: 10843: 10834: 10795: 10723: 10675: 10604:Household ownership rates 10584: 10559: 10481: 10338: 10283: 10274: 10190: 10118: 10109: 10092: 9933: 9872: 9863: 9746: 9737: 9638: 9306: 9297: 9283: 9195: 9143: 9100: 9086: 9044: 8914: 8900: 8794: 8675: 8662: 8613: 8609: 8528: 8490: 8436: 8371: 8328: 8290: 8262: 8203: 8170: 8107: 8021:Byzantine rocket launcher 8001: 7939: 7795:Breech-loading swivel gun 7764: 7639: 7608:Puckle Μ1717 revolver gun 7483: 7455: 7393: 7357: 7127: 7080: 6979: 6821: 6775: 6652: 6644:Pre-20th century firearms 6584: 6546: 6537: 6417:Cole, Suzanne N. (2017). 6052:10.1016/j.avb.2015.01.009 6011:"Unintentional Shootings" 5577:World Health Organization 5500:; Bodinson, Holt (2009). 5472:Flayderman, Norm (2007). 5215:Dougherty and Eidt, 2009. 4764:. Springer. p. 389. 4680:Conklin, John E. (1972). 4264:. Springer. p. 389. 3773: 3752:In the European Union, a 3588: 3066:(1452–1519), the Italian 2222: 2192: 1722:Marine Scout Sniper Rifle 1617:Related developments are 1348:is commonly defined as a 1030:, a shotgun chambered in 867: 7631:Tu Huo Qiang hand cannon 7578:Meriam kecil hand cannon 7543:Heilongjiang hand cannon 7503:Bedil tumbak hand cannon 7032:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 7022:South African Border War 6804:Second Sino-Japanese War 4380:Aaron Karp (June 2018). 4068:List of aircraft weapons 3960:Precision-guided firearm 3720: 3617: 3508: 3472:Browning automatic rifle 3274:(From left to right): A 2795:Hague Convention of 1899 2523:Firearms can be used as 2455: 2124:Personal defense weapons 1670:M24 Sniper Weapon System 1282:personal defense weapons 1126:Double-barreled shotguns 1006:Heckler & Koch HK417 669:, a pistol chambered in 630:Law enforcement agencies 624:(30.3 million) and 591:Royal Small Arms Factory 470:. Such firearms include 349: 329:. The accurate range of 32:Firearm (disambiguation) 10905:by U.S. state 10315:Overpressure ammunition 10250:Improved Military Rifle 9956:Circular error probable 8875:Personal defence weapon 8213:Category:Early firearms 8030:Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet 7012:Portuguese Colonial War 6398:Chase, Kenneth (2003). 5551:Les Arquebusier de Visé 5076:10.3406/arasi.1976.1103 5021:Crawfurd, John (1856). 4910:(inactive 2024-09-11). 4908:10.1089/9781934854013.3 4538:Encyclopædia Britannica 4113:List of submachine guns 3916:Transitional ballistics 3536:motor vehicle accidents 2723:Mongol invasion of Java 2513:United States Air Force 2288:and loading a new one. 2151:personal defense weapon 2130:Personal defense weapon 2082:Thompson submachine gun 1686:Mauser Tankgewehr M1918 1658:Heckler & Koch PSG1 1493:Heckler & Koch HK33 1489:intermediate cartridges 1058:, or specialty (often " 897:is a long gun that has 886:, a rifle chambered in 795:Colt Single Action Army 756:Saturday night specials 652:Colt Single Action Army 10599:Civilian gun ownership 10128:Firing (Shooting) 8348:Traditional prism rail 7617:Shou Chong hand cannon 7475:History of the firearm 7380:Civilian gun ownership 5927:. CDC. 13 January 2022 5115:. Guangju Book Office. 5113:South Vietnamese Notes 4352:. 2018. Archived from 4258:Helaine Selin (1997). 4124:Firearms organizations 4083:List of firearm brands 4048:Saturday night special 3893: 3881: 3865:International treaties 3862: 3832: 3785: 3745: 3702:According to the U.S. 3689: 3526: 3439: 3423: 3291: 3280:.577/450 Martini-Henry 3176: 3089: 3050: 3024: 2968: 2907: 2852: 2825: 2785: 2754: 2714: 2635:when the man-portable 2628: 2606:History of the firearm 2531:has run out entirely. 2520: 2440:to cycle the action), 2436:(uses energy from the 2383:Semi-automatic firearm 2216: 2179:Heckler & Koch MP7 2146: 2140:Heckler & Koch MP7 2106:Heckler & Koch UMP 2094:Heckler & Koch MP5 2018: 2012:Heckler & Koch MP5 1978:M249 light machine gun 1962:Bren light machine gun 1939:squad automatic weapon 1910:intermediate cartridge 1858: 1758: 1583: 1568: 1460: 1407:instead of behind it. 1354:intermediate cartridge 1352:rifle chambered in an 1341: 1222:Heckler & Koch G36 1212: 1193: 1034: 890: 673: 658: 494:(and their subtypes), 154: 10073:Handgun effectiveness 10006:Minute of Angle (MOA) 9882:Ballistic coefficient 8858:Semi-automatic pistol 8063:rocket arrow launcher 8057:rocket arrow launcher 8041:Fire crow rocket bomb 7668:Che Dian Chong musket 7553:Huo Chong hand cannon 7057:Nicaraguan Revolution 7007:Araguaia Guerilla War 6576:Early thermal weapons 5434:"History of firearms" 5111:Tiaoyuan, Li (1969). 5027:. Bradbury and Evans. 4756:Ho Peng Yoke (1997). 4108:List of sniper rifles 4073:List of battle rifles 3955:Vertical forward grip 3889: 3871: 3843:'firearm' means any- 3841: 3807:— and which is not — 3794: 3780: 3728: 3697:National Firearms Act 3660: 3516: 3429: 3413: 3404:Further information: 3296:Louis-Nicolas Flobert 3273: 3167: 3087: 3048: 3014: 2990:Further information: 2959: 2901: 2850: 2823: 2779: 2751: 2708: 2690:) and Indians (first 2619: 2536:Israel Defense Forces 2510: 2503:Use as a blunt weapon 2206: 2137: 2058:close-quarters combat 2009: 1924:to something (like a 1849: 1795:National Firearms Act 1749: 1574: 1555: 1451: 1383:Originating with the 1332: 1289:Winchester Model 1892 1253:police tactical units 1245:close-quarters combat 1199: 1184: 1133:Winchester Model 1897 1112:close-quarters combat 1062:") munitions such as 1025: 998:Heckler & Koch G3 939:semi-automatic rifles 931:short-barreled rifles 881: 664: 649: 628:(27.5 million). 589:(United States), the 319:hand-eye coordination 196:to make the portable 144: 27:Gun for an individual 10690:in the United States 10348:Armour piercing 9909:Rangefinding/keeping 9821:Push/Controlled feed 9613:Synchronization gear 9348:Blank-firing adapter 9199: or famous 8050:Hale rocket launcher 7741:Spanish M1752 musket 7621:Tanegashima arquebus 7523:English horse pistol 7465:History of gunpowder 7062:Salvadoran Civil War 6629:Spanish–American War 6604:American Indian Wars 6496:at Wikimedia Commons 5789:on December 22, 2015 5669:(10053): 1459–1544. 5462:(fireadvantages.com) 5443:(fireadvantages.com) 5176:Egerton, W. (1880). 3966:Firearms and society 3386:used in loading the 3278:cartridge (1867), a 3262:Cartridge (firearms) 3232:Detachable magazines 2805:Early firearm models 2654:, with flames and a 2612:History of gunpowder 2570:, striking with the 2555:blunt-force injuries 2534:New recruits of the 2462:Burst mode (weapons) 1893:, either as main or 1690:Boys anti-tank rifle 1682:CheyTac Intervention 1619:anti-materiel rifles 1608:Type 97 sniper rifle 1503:rifles, such as the 1238:short barreled rifle 1122:, and home defense. 1120:clay pigeon shooting 926:, and self-defense. 803:Colt Official Police 343:anti-materiel rifles 63:improve this article 10782:Privately made 10745:Firearm brands 10631:State firearms 10611:Exhibition shooting 10594:Celebratory gunfire 10453:Plastic tipped 10383:High explosive 9904:Physics of firearms 8069:(Chinese petroleum) 7960:Dardanelles bombard 7931:Wuwei Bronze Cannon 7883:Obusier de vaisseau 7115:Russo-Ukrainian War 7052:Dominican Civil War 7027:Cambodian Civil War 6988:First Indochina War 5308:. 19 October 2018. 4849:Al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. 3977:Celebratory gunfire 3950:Physics of firearms 3924:Terminal ballistics 3920:External ballistics 3912:Internal ballistics 3505:300 per American). 3298:invented the first 3190:Magazine (firearms) 3103:flintlock mechanism 3088:Flintlock mechanism 2926:(literally meaning 2670:, China, where the 2213:Remington Model 870 2207:The semi-automatic 1914:medium machine guns 1899:crew-served weapons 1647:designated marksmen 1145:Remington Model 870 1002:Remington Model 700 815:Mateba Autorevolver 464:kinetic projectiles 451:) to be tactically 220:or other explosive 10965:Projectile weapons 10955:Chinese inventions 10880:Right to bear arms 10826:Featureless rifles 10772:Improvised firearm 10733:3D printed firearm 10621:United States 10516:Fully powered 10423:Total metal jacket 10063:Stock measurements 8786:Underwater firearm 8682: versus 8099:Thunder crash bomb 7746:Springfield musket 7663:Charleville musket 7563:Istinggar arquebus 7105:Russo-Georgian War 7047:Lebanese Civil War 7017:Rhodesian Bush War 6634:Mexican Revolution 6619:American Civil War 6609:War of the Pacific 6599:Napoleonic Warfare 6464:The Gunpowder Epic 6234:2015-05-03 at the 5760:has generic name ( 5643:2019-02-02 at the 5545:2013-11-10 at the 5536:Shooting section ( 5458:2015-12-22 at the 5439:2015-12-22 at the 5386:4 (2000): 191–215. 5332:"Roman Candle Gun" 4968:St. Martin's Press 3991:Firearms ownership 3754:European Directive 3527: 3440: 3424: 3394:Repeating firearms 3292: 3184:Internal magazines 3177: 3150:Loading techniques 3136:caplock mechanisms 3090: 3051: 3025: 2992:Trigger (firearms) 2969: 2908: 2888:the Hussite revolt 2853: 2826: 2786: 2755: 2715: 2629: 2587:Striking with the 2563:Examples include: 2521: 2493:fire mode selector 2430:cycling principles 2217: 2147: 2019: 1918:heavy machine guns 1906:light machine guns 1859: 1803:United States Code 1791:light machine guns 1759: 1584: 1569: 1461: 1412:Kalashnikov rifles 1342: 1274:military engineers 1213: 1194: 1035: 891: 827:COP .357 Derringer 819:Remington Model 95 674: 659: 622:Russian Federation 599:Steyr-Daimler-Puch 593:(United Kingdom), 587:Springfield Armory 557:(Czech Republic), 543:Heckler & Koch 531:Smith & Wesson 511:arms manufacturers 509:Among the world's 155: 10937: 10936: 10933: 10932: 10929: 10928: 10894:United States Gun 10555: 10554: 10551: 10550: 10438:Hollow point 10363:Full metal jacket 10270: 10269: 10228:Tubes and Primers 10088: 10087: 10038:Power factor 9976:Gun harmonisation 9929: 9928: 9859: 9858: 9733: 9732: 9715:Night vision 9279: 9278: 9191: 9190: 9105:Automatic shotgun 9082: 9081: 8669:Types of firearms 8658: 8657: 8556: 8555: 8221: 8220: 8109:Firing mechanisms 8088:Petroleum naphtha 7993:Pumhart von Steyr 7956:Byzantine bombard 7858:Hu Dun Pao cannon 7658:Brown Bess musket 7411: 7410: 7123: 7122: 7067:Soviet–Afghan War 7042:Laotian Civil War 6790:Spanish Civil War 6492:Media related to 6473:978-0-521-30358-3 6447:978-0-521-79158-8 6428:978-0-9982150-3-7 6409:978-0-521-82274-9 6389:978-0-691-13597-7 5579:. July 9–20, 2001 5538:la section de tir 5515:978-0-89689-936-0 5483:978-0-89689-455-6 5409:978-1-4654-3089-2 5396:DK (2014-04-01). 5356:. Credo Reference 5342:on March 2, 2009. 5225:Coupland, Robin. 4814:, pp. 31–32. 4771:978-0-7923-4066-9 4693:978-0-397-47220-8 4394:on June 20, 2018. 4350:Small Arms Survey 4271:978-0-7923-4066-9 4019:Gun serial number 3717:, not a firearm. 3679:(6) a machinegun; 3641:Legal definitions 3574: 3573: 3400:Repeating firearm 3286:cartridge, and a 3214:Springfield M1903 3127:Caplock mechanism 3064:Leonardo da Vinci 3060:cigarette lighter 2986:Firing mechanisms 2623:from the Chinese 2551:Forensic medicine 2412:Automatic firearm 2199:Action (firearms) 2086:M3 submachine gun 2031:9×19mm Parabellum 2027:handgun cartridge 2016:9×19mm Parabellum 1895:ancillary weapons 1891:military aircraft 1887:military vehicles 1370:.300 AAC Blackout 1078:to function as a 1070:to function as a 767:Browning Hi-Power 671:9×19mm Parabellum 610:Small Arms Survey 541:(United States), 184:tubes containing 171:legal definitions 139: 138: 131: 113: 16:(Redirected from 10972: 10841: 10840: 10787:Small arms trade 10725:Firearm industry 10576:, and 10561: 10560: 10433:Hollow base 10281: 10280: 10260:Smokeless powder 10116: 10115: 10094: 10093: 10043:Precision-guided 9870: 9869: 9744: 9743: 9551:Rail system 9425:Flash suppressor 9304: 9303: 9285: 9284: 9231:Winchester rifle 9221:Antique firearms 9151:20-gauge shotgun 9098: 9097: 8912: 8911: 8664: 8663: 8611: 8610: 8583: 8576: 8569: 8560: 8559: 8320:Warsaw Pact rail 8282:Press fit barrel 8248: 8241: 8234: 8225: 8224: 7893:Pierrier a boite 7626:Toradar arquebus 7573:Jiaozhi arquebus 7498:Bajozutsu pistol 7438: 7431: 7424: 7415: 7414: 7401: 7400: 7277:Mass destruction 7185:Blunt instrument 7110:Syrian Civil War 6544: 6543: 6524: 6517: 6510: 6501: 6500: 6491: 6477: 6451: 6432: 6413: 6393: 6362: 6361: 6355: 6347: 6345: 6344: 6338: 6331: 6323: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6313: 6298: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6245: 6239: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6216: 6197: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6180: 6161: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6142: 6123: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6094: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6031: 6025: 6024: 6022: 6021: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5991: 5985:. Archived from 5984: 5978:Aero Precision. 5975: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5965: 5959: 5952: 5943: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5921: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5840: 5834: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5810: 5804: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5765: 5759: 5755: 5753: 5745: 5735: 5718:(9963): 117–71. 5703: 5697: 5696: 5686: 5654: 5648: 5631: 5621: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5569: 5554: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5498:Barnes, Frank C. 5494: 5488: 5487: 5469: 5463: 5450: 5444: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5421: 5393: 5387: 5380: 5374: 5371: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5338:. Archived from 5328: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5317: 5302: 5296: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5281: 5262: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5252: 5246: 5231: 5222: 5216: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5148: 5142: 5136: 5130: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5098: 5092: 5061: 5052: 5046: 5039:The China Review 5035: 5029: 5028: 5018: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4944: 4936: 4931: 4929: 4902:. pp. 3–7. 4900:Mary Ann Liebert 4887: 4881: 4880: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4815: 4809: 4800: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4677: 4671: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4632: 4626: 4619: 4613: 4599: 4593: 4579: 4573: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4549: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4491: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4462: 4443: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4430: 4424: 4413: 4405: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4386: 4377: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4356:on June 19, 2018 4342: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4306: 4300: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4255: 4246: 4245: 4238: 4230: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4202: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4170: 4103:List of shotguns 4063:List of firearms 4000:Small arms trade 3556: 3555: 3548: 3241:Belt-fed weapons 2980:superposed loads 2497:suppressive fire 2434:recoil operation 2232:manual operation 2183:AAC Honey Badger 1930:military vehicle 1883:suppressive fire 1811:Title II weapons 1736:Automatic rifles 1627:anti-tank rifles 1600:telescopic sight 1473:7.92×57mm Mauser 1313:Kel-Tec SUB-2000 1293:Rifle No. 5 Mk I 1076:breaching rounds 970:Winchester rifle 943:automatic rifles 728:manual repeating 437:wheeled carriage 429:weapons platform 398:smokeless powder 388:) of a chemical 356:List of firearms 218:smokeless powder 134: 127: 123: 120: 114: 112: 71: 47: 39: 21: 10980: 10979: 10975: 10974: 10973: 10971: 10970: 10969: 10940: 10939: 10938: 10925: 10889: 10858:Concealed carry 10853:Assault weapons 10848:Air travel 10830: 10807: and 10791: 10719: 10679: 10671: 10660:Shooting sports 10650:Pistol duelling 10580: 10547: 10511:Rifle cartridge 10477: 10418:Supercavitating 10413:Soft point 10334: 10266: 10240:Ball propellant 10186: 10105: 10084: 10080:Twist rate 9971:Gun chronograph 9961:Effective range 9925: 9855: 9826:Recoil-operated 9729: 9634: 9293: 9275: 9261:Colt Peacemaker 9187: 9161:Dragon's breath 9156:Breaching round 9139: 9120:Double-barreled 9078: 9054:General purpose 9040: 8896: 8790: 8731:Multiple-barrel 8671: 8654: 8605: 8587: 8557: 8552: 8524: 8486: 8432: 8373: 8367: 8324: 8286: 8258: 8252: 8222: 8217: 8199: 8166: 8103: 8073:Mysorean rocket 8025:Congreve rocket 7997: 7935: 7760: 7635: 7513:Combination gun 7479: 7451: 7449:thermal weapons 7442: 7412: 7407: 7389: 7385:Science fiction 7353: 7225:Directed-energy 7119: 7095:Afghanistan War 7076: 6975: 6817: 6777:Interwar period 6771: 6672:Austria-Hungary 6648: 6580: 6533: 6528: 6484: 6474: 6456:Needham, Joseph 6448: 6429: 6410: 6390: 6371: 6366: 6365: 6349: 6348: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6329: 6327:"Archived copy" 6325: 6324: 6320: 6311: 6309: 6300: 6299: 6295: 6285: 6283: 6274: 6273: 6269: 6259: 6257: 6246: 6242: 6236:Wayback Machine 6229:US Federal Govt 6227: 6223: 6214: 6212: 6199: 6198: 6187: 6178: 6176: 6169:Healthy Hearing 6163: 6162: 6149: 6140: 6138: 6125: 6124: 6115: 6106: 6104: 6096: 6095: 6091: 6082: 6080: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6032: 6028: 6019: 6017: 6009: 6008: 6004: 5995: 5993: 5989: 5982: 5976: 5972: 5963: 5961: 5957: 5950: 5944: 5940: 5930: 5928: 5923: 5922: 5918: 5908: 5906: 5899: 5895: 5870: 5866: 5841: 5837: 5827: 5825: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5799:. Linked to at 5792: 5790: 5781: 5780: 5776: 5766: 5757: 5756: 5747: 5746: 5704: 5700: 5655: 5651: 5645:Wayback Machine 5596: 5592: 5582: 5580: 5571: 5570: 5557: 5547:Wayback Machine 5534: 5530: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5495: 5491: 5484: 5470: 5466: 5460:Wayback Machine 5453:"How guns work" 5451: 5447: 5441:Wayback Machine 5432: 5428: 5419: 5417: 5410: 5394: 5390: 5381: 5377: 5372: 5368: 5359: 5357: 5352: 5351: 5347: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5315: 5313: 5304: 5303: 5299: 5292: 5288: 5279: 5277: 5264: 5263: 5259: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5229: 5223: 5219: 5214: 5210: 5203: 5189: 5185: 5174: 5170: 5163: 5149: 5145: 5137: 5133: 5124: 5120: 5109: 5105: 5096: 5094: 5090: 5064:Arts Asiatiques 5059: 5053: 5049: 5036: 5032: 5019: 5012: 5004: 5000: 4987: 4985: 4978: 4958: 4954: 4938: 4937: 4927: 4925: 4918: 4888: 4884: 4846: 4842: 4834: 4830: 4822: 4818: 4810: 4803: 4795: 4791: 4781: 4779: 4772: 4754: 4750: 4742:. 22 Aug 2015. 4734: 4733: 4729: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4708:""Butt Stroke"" 4706: 4705: 4701: 4694: 4678: 4674: 4658: 4654: 4645: 4643: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4620: 4616: 4600: 4596: 4580: 4576: 4560: 4556: 4547: 4545: 4540:. 3 July 2010. 4534:"Assault rifle" 4532: 4531: 4527: 4518: 4516: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4489: 4487: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4460: 4458: 4445: 4444: 4437: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4411: 4407: 4406: 4399: 4391: 4384: 4378: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4344: 4343: 4334: 4324: 4322: 4307: 4303: 4295: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4272: 4256: 4249: 4239: 4232: 4231: 4224: 4215: 4213: 4204: 4203: 4196: 4186: 4184: 4171: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4093:List of pistols 4038:Concealed carry 3898: 3887:considers that 3867: 3837: 3790: 3776: 3763: 3750: 3744: 3723: 3711:gas compression 3688: 3683: 3652: 3643: 3620: 3611: 3602: 3591: 3580: 3579: 3578: 3575: 3570: 3557: 3553: 3521:in high-income 3511: 3502: 3492: 3460:First World War 3418:, example of a 3408: 3402: 3396: 3268: 3260:Main articles: 3258: 3249: 3243: 3234: 3192: 3186: 3162: 3154:Main articles: 3152: 3132:Percussion caps 3129: 3121:Main articles: 3119: 3082: 3076: 3068:Renaissance man 3043: 3037: 3009: 3003: 2998: 2988: 2954: 2948: 2936:arquebus a croc 2906:Museum, France. 2904:Château de Foix 2896: 2845: 2839: 2818: 2812: 2807: 2664:Acheng District 2614: 2608: 2602: 2578:Pistol-whipping 2505: 2482: 2476: 2464: 2458: 2414: 2408: 2385: 2379: 2352: 2346: 2300: 2294: 2259: 2253: 2225: 2201: 2195: 2187:ST Kinetics CPW 2132: 2126: 2051:machine pistols 2004: 1998: 1996:Submachine guns 1844: 1838: 1826:Fedorov Avtomat 1784:ammunition belt 1763:automatic rifle 1744: 1742:Automatic rifle 1738: 1706:McMillan TAC-50 1662:Walther WA 2000 1596:effective range 1566:.308 Winchester 1550: 1544: 1536:Desert Tech MDR 1446: 1440: 1327: 1321: 1270:airborne forces 1257:submachine guns 1208:, chambered in 1179: 1173: 1161:Atchisson AA-12 1157:Franchi SPAS-12 1137:Browning Auto-5 1108:combat shotguns 1020: 1014: 924:shooting sports 876: 870: 841: 835: 823:FP-45 Liberator 715:or charge; and 692:weapons, or as 690:concealed carry 644: 638: 608:As of 2018 the 605:(Philippines). 500:submachine guns 392:, historically 369:A firearm is a 367: 352: 321:, using either 304:percussion lock 280:fully automatic 161:is any type of 135: 124: 118: 115: 72: 70: 60: 48: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10978: 10968: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10935: 10934: 10931: 10930: 10927: 10926: 10924: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10897: 10895: 10891: 10890: 10888: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10866: 10865: 10855: 10850: 10844: 10838: 10832: 10831: 10829: 10828: 10823: 10822: 10821: 10816: 10801: 10799: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10763: 10762: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10741: 10740: 10729: 10727: 10721: 10720: 10718: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10695:Assassinations 10692: 10686: 10684: 10673: 10672: 10670: 10669: 10668: 10667: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10640: 10635: 10634: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10613: 10608: 10607: 10606: 10596: 10590: 10588: 10582: 10581: 10557: 10556: 10553: 10552: 10549: 10548: 10546: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10529: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10487: 10485: 10479: 10478: 10476: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10344: 10342: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10301: 10300: 10290: 10284: 10278: 10272: 10271: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10264: 10263: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10232: 10231: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10218:Percussion cap 10215: 10205: 10200: 10194: 10192: 10188: 10187: 10185: 10184: 10179: 10178: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10157: 10156: 10155: 10150: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10119: 10113: 10107: 10106: 10090: 10089: 10086: 10085: 10083: 10082: 10077: 10076: 10075: 10068:Stopping power 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10029: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9986:Length of pull 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9937: 9935: 9931: 9930: 9927: 9926: 9924: 9923: 9922: 9921: 9916: 9906: 9901: 9900: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9873: 9867: 9861: 9860: 9857: 9856: 9854: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9811:Out-of-battery 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9747: 9741: 9735: 9734: 9731: 9730: 9728: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9691: 9690: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9644: 9642: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9632: 9631: 9630: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9584: 9583: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9527: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9491: 9490: 9489: 9484: 9474: 9473: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9435:Forward assist 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9405:Cocking handle 9402: 9397: 9392: 9391: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9334: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9307: 9301: 9295: 9294: 9289:Mechanics and 9281: 9280: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9202: 9200: 9193: 9192: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9174: 9173: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9147: 9145: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9115:Combat shotgun 9112: 9107: 9101: 9095: 9084: 9083: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9050: 9048: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9038: 9037: 9036: 9026: 9021: 9020: 9019: 9009: 9004: 9003: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8972: 8967: 8966: 8965: 8955: 8954: 8953: 8943: 8938: 8937: 8936: 8926: 8921: 8915: 8909: 8898: 8897: 8895: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8883: 8882: 8880:Submachine gun 8877: 8870:Pistol caliber 8867: 8866: 8865: 8855: 8854: 8853: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8827: 8826: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8800: 8798: 8792: 8791: 8789: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8728: 8727: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8676: 8673: 8672: 8660: 8659: 8656: 8655: 8653: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8626: 8625: 8614: 8607: 8606: 8586: 8585: 8578: 8571: 8563: 8554: 8553: 8551: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8534: 8532: 8526: 8525: 8523: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8496: 8494: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8443: 8441: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8413:Shield/Leupold 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8389: 8387: 8369: 8368: 8366: 8365: 8363:S&B Convex 8360: 8358:Swarovski rail 8355: 8350: 8345: 8338: 8336: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8296: 8294: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8272:Action threads 8268: 8266: 8260: 8259: 8251: 8250: 8243: 8236: 8228: 8219: 8218: 8216: 8215: 8210: 8204: 8201: 8200: 8198: 8197: 8195:Wujing Zongyao 8192: 8187: 8182: 8176: 8174: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8164: 8159: 8157:Snap matchlock 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8113: 8111: 8105: 8104: 8102: 8101: 8096: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8064: 8058: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8039: 8038:(rocket arrow) 8033: 8032:(flamethrower) 8027: 8022: 8019: 8012: 8010: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7995: 7990: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7954: 7949: 7943: 7941: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7771: 7769: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7736:Potzdam musket 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7696:Jazayer musket 7693: 7688: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7649: 7647: 7637: 7636: 7634: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7489: 7487: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7477: 7472: 7470:Historiography 7467: 7462: 7456: 7453: 7452: 7445:Early firearms 7441: 7440: 7433: 7426: 7418: 7409: 7408: 7406: 7405: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7361: 7359: 7355: 7354: 7352: 7351: 7350: 7349: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7243: 7242: 7237: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7160:Anti-personnel 7157: 7155:Anti-ballistic 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7131: 7129: 7125: 7124: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7086: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6985: 6983: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6956:United Kingdom 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6871:Czechoslovakia 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6827: 6825: 6819: 6818: 6816: 6815: 6801: 6787: 6781: 6779: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6757:United Kingdom 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6658: 6656: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6590: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6552: 6550: 6541: 6535: 6534: 6527: 6526: 6519: 6512: 6504: 6498: 6497: 6483: 6482:External links 6480: 6479: 6478: 6472: 6462:. Vol. 7 6452: 6446: 6433: 6427: 6414: 6408: 6395: 6388: 6376:Andrade, Tonio 6370: 6367: 6364: 6363: 6318: 6293: 6278:. 6 May 2021. 6267: 6240: 6221: 6185: 6171:. 2007-12-10. 6147: 6133:. 2015-08-18. 6113: 6089: 6078:www.mdedge.com 6065: 6026: 6002: 5970: 5938: 5916: 5893: 5864: 5835: 5805: 5801:Download Files 5774: 5698: 5649: 5612:(3): 266–273. 5590: 5555: 5528: 5514: 5489: 5482: 5464: 5445: 5426: 5408: 5388: 5375: 5366: 5345: 5323: 5297: 5286: 5272:. 2013-07-15. 5257: 5217: 5208: 5201: 5183: 5168: 5161: 5143: 5131: 5118: 5103: 5047: 5030: 5010: 4998: 4976: 4970:. p. 63. 4952: 4916: 4882: 4840: 4828: 4816: 4801: 4789: 4770: 4748: 4727: 4713: 4699: 4692: 4686:. Lippincott. 4672: 4652: 4627: 4614: 4594: 4574: 4554: 4525: 4496: 4467: 4435: 4397: 4367: 4332: 4301: 4289: 4270: 4247: 4222: 4194: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4121: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4058:Shooting sport 4055: 4053:Shooting range 4050: 4045: 4040: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 3993: 3988: 3979: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3935:Firearm action 3932: 3927: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3880: 3879: 3876: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3805: 3804: 3801: 3789: 3786: 3775: 3772: 3762: 3761:United Kingdom 3759: 3749: 3748:European Union 3746: 3743: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3722: 3719: 3687: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3651: 3648: 3642: 3639: 3619: 3616: 3610: 3607: 3601: 3598: 3590: 3587: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3560: 3558: 3551: 3546: 3545: 3544: 3510: 3507: 3491: 3490:Health hazards 3488: 3477:selective fire 3398:Main article: 3395: 3392: 3257: 3254: 3247:Belt (firearm) 3245:Main article: 3242: 3239: 3233: 3230: 3210:Mauser Kar 98k 3188:Main article: 3185: 3182: 3169:Percussion cap 3151: 3148: 3123:Percussion cap 3118: 3117:Percussion cap 3115: 3078:Main article: 3075: 3072: 3039:Main article: 3036: 3033: 3005:Main article: 3002: 2999: 2996:Firearm action 2987: 2984: 2972:Muzzle-loading 2950:Main article: 2947: 2944: 2916:Ottoman Empire 2895: 2892: 2841:Main article: 2838: 2835: 2814:Main article: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2759:Southeast Asia 2678:The Arabs and 2604:Main article: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2596: 2585: 2575: 2543:and using the 2504: 2501: 2485:Selective fire 2480:Selective fire 2478:Main article: 2475: 2474:Selective fire 2472: 2460:Main article: 2457: 2454: 2432:used, such as 2410:Main article: 2407: 2404: 2388:Semi-automatic 2381:Main article: 2378: 2377:Semi-automatic 2375: 2348:Main article: 2345: 2342: 2296:Main article: 2293: 2290: 2266:cocking handle 2255:Main article: 2252: 2249: 2224: 2221: 2197:Main article: 2194: 2191: 2128:Main article: 2125: 2122: 2039:.22 Long Rifle 2023:submachine gun 2002:Submachine gun 2000:Main article: 1997: 1994: 1970:PK machine gun 1856:7.62×51mm NATO 1840:Main article: 1837: 1834: 1740:Main article: 1737: 1734: 1635:vehicle armour 1562:7.62×51mm NATO 1546:Main article: 1543: 1540: 1469:7.62×51mm NATO 1458:7.62×51mm NATO 1442:Main article: 1439: 1436: 1397:service rifles 1358:5.56×45mm NATO 1350:selective-fire 1323:Main article: 1320: 1319:Assault rifles 1317: 1261:stopping power 1249:special forces 1210:5.56×45mm NATO 1175:Main article: 1172: 1169: 1104:modern warfare 1095:semi-automatic 1084:shotgun shells 1080:door breaching 1016:Main article: 1013: 1010: 912:service rifles 872:Main article: 869: 866: 837:Main article: 834: 831: 775:Makarov pistol 752:pocket pistols 732:semi-automatic 694:backup weapons 640:Main article: 637: 634: 351: 348: 327:optical sights 276:semi-automatic 202:siege of De'an 137: 136: 119:September 2022 51: 49: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10977: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10947: 10945: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10906: 10902: 10899: 10898: 10896: 10892: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10864: 10861: 10860: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10845: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10833: 10827: 10824: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10811: 10810: 10806: 10803: 10802: 10800: 10798: 10794: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10777:Most-produced 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10761: 10758: 10757: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10739: 10736: 10735: 10734: 10731: 10730: 10728: 10726: 10722: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10687: 10685: 10683: 10678: 10674: 10666: 10663: 10662: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10645: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10618: 10617: 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10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10210: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10189: 10183: 10180: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10162: 10161: 10158: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10145: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10120: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10108: 10104: 10100: 10095: 10091: 10081: 10078: 10074: 10071: 10070: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10013: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9932: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9911: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9879: 9878: 9875: 9874: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9862: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9806:Muzzleloading 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9771:Breechloading 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9748: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9736: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9689: 9686: 9685: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9645: 9643: 9641: 9637: 9629: 9626: 9625: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9582: 9579: 9578: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9536:Muzzle shroud 9534: 9532: 9529: 9525: 9524:Stripper clip 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9514:High-capacity 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9496: 9495: 9492: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9479: 9478: 9475: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9457: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9365: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9313: 9312: 9309: 9308: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9296: 9292: 9286: 9282: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9241:Mauser rifles 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9194: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9172: 9169: 9168: 9167: 9166:Shotgun shell 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9142: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9102: 9099: 9096: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9051: 9049: 9047: 9043: 9035: 9032: 9031: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9018: 9015: 9014: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8977: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8964: 8961: 8960: 8959: 8956: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8935: 8932: 8931: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8919:Anti-materiel 8917: 8916: 8913: 8910: 8907: 8903: 8899: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8872: 8871: 8868: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8859: 8856: 8852: 8849: 8848: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8825: 8822: 8821: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8793: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8736: 8732: 8729: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8711: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8681: 8678: 8677: 8674: 8670: 8665: 8661: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8624: 8621: 8620: 8619: 8616: 8615: 8612: 8608: 8603: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8584: 8579: 8577: 8572: 8570: 8565: 8564: 8561: 8549: 8548:QD/ Flush cup 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8531: 8527: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8497: 8495: 8493: 8489: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8435: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8381: 8377: 8370: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8343: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8335: 8331: 8327: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8315:Dovetail rail 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8293: 8289: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8269: 8267: 8265: 8261: 8256: 8249: 8244: 8242: 8237: 8235: 8230: 8229: 8226: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8205: 8202: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8185:Jixiao Xinshu 8183: 8181: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8169: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8137:Miquelet lock 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8106: 8100: 8097: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8068: 8065: 8062: 8059: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8040: 8037: 8034: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8020: 8017: 8014: 8013: 8011: 8009: 8005: 8000: 7994: 7991: 7989:Orban bombard 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7944: 7942: 7938: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7863:Korean cannon 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7763: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7711:Kabyle musket 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7701:Jezail musket 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7568:Java arquebus 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7548:Howdah pistol 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7482: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7457: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7439: 7434: 7432: 7427: 7425: 7420: 7419: 7416: 7404: 7396: 7395: 7392: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7356: 7348: 7345: 7344: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7241: 7238: 7236: 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6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6820: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6802: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6762:United States 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6651: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6594:Early Warfare 6592: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6583: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6525: 6520: 6518: 6513: 6511: 6506: 6505: 6502: 6495: 6490: 6486: 6485: 6475: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6449: 6443: 6439: 6434: 6430: 6424: 6420: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6372: 6359: 6353: 6335: 6328: 6322: 6307: 6303: 6297: 6281: 6277: 6271: 6255: 6251: 6244: 6237: 6233: 6230: 6225: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6103: 6099: 6093: 6079: 6075: 6069: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6030: 6016: 6012: 6006: 5992:on 2018-04-01 5988: 5981: 5974: 5956: 5949: 5942: 5926: 5920: 5904: 5897: 5889: 5885: 5882:(10): 1–124. 5881: 5877: 5876: 5868: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5839: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5809: 5802: 5788: 5784: 5778: 5770: 5763: 5758:|first1= 5751: 5743: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5702: 5694: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5653: 5646: 5642: 5639: 5635: 5629: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5594: 5578: 5574: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5532: 5517: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5493: 5485: 5479: 5475: 5468: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5449: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5430: 5415: 5411: 5405: 5401: 5400: 5392: 5385: 5379: 5370: 5355: 5349: 5341: 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W.H. Allen. 5179: 5172: 5164: 5162:9781107034280 5158: 5154: 5147: 5140: 5135: 5128: 5122: 5114: 5107: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5058: 5051: 5044: 5040: 5034: 5026: 5025: 5017: 5015: 5007: 5002: 4995: 4983: 4979: 4977:9780312554538 4973: 4969: 4965: 4964: 4956: 4948: 4942: 4935: 4923: 4919: 4917:9781934854013 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4886: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4844: 4838:, p. 32. 4837: 4832: 4825: 4820: 4813: 4808: 4806: 4798: 4793: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4752: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4731: 4723: 4717: 4709: 4703: 4695: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4676: 4670: 4666: 4665:0-8493-8163-0 4662: 4656: 4641: 4637: 4631: 4624: 4618: 4612: 4611:0-87364-010-1 4608: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4591:0-87364-009-8 4588: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4571:0-87947-308-8 4568: 4564: 4558: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4442: 4440: 4421: 4417: 4410: 4404: 4402: 4390: 4383: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4305: 4299:, p. 52. 4298: 4293: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4263: 4262: 4254: 4252: 4243: 4236: 4229: 4227: 4211: 4207: 4201: 4199: 4182: 4178: 4177: 4169: 4167: 4162: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3900: 3892: 3888: 3886: 3877: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3844: 3840: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3809: 3808: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3793: 3784: 3779: 3771: 3768: 3758: 3755: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3727: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3656:United States 3650:United States 3647: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3625: 3615: 3609:Lead exposure 3606: 3597: 3594: 3586: 3583: 3568: 3567:MediaWiki.org 3564: 3559: 3550: 3549: 3543: 3539: 3537: 3531: 3524: 3520: 3515: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3496:Gunshot wound 3487: 3484: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3437: 3436:service rifle 3433: 3428: 3421: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3401: 3391: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3372:stripper clip 3369: 3365: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3336: 3331: 3328: 3323: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3289: 3285: 3284:Martini-Henry 3281: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3263: 3253: 3248: 3238: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3198: 3191: 3181: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3157: 3147: 3145: 3144:muzzleloaders 3139: 3137: 3133: 3128: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3111:Miquelet lock 3108: 3104: 3100: 3095: 3086: 3081: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3047: 3042: 3032: 3029: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3008: 2997: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2976: 2973: 2966: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2943: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2905: 2900: 2891: 2889: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2849: 2844: 2834: 2831: 2822: 2817: 2802: 2798: 2796: 2790: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2750: 2746: 2744: 2743:Java arquebus 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2712: 2707: 2703: 2701: 2700:long arquebus 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2607: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2574:of a firearm. 2573: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2547:as a weapon. 2546: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2525:blunt weapons 2518: 2514: 2509: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2471: 2468: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2450:gas operation 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2341: 2339: 2338:straight pull 2335: 2334:rotating bolt 2330: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2299: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2280:and cock the 2279: 2276:via internal 2275: 2271: 2270:trigger guard 2267: 2263: 2258: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2228:Manual action 2220: 2214: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2152: 2145: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2068: 2067:overpenetrate 2064: 2059: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1833: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1812: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1770:; the French 1769: 1764: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1613: 1612:Type 38 rifle 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1542:Sniper rifles 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1438:Battle rifles 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1378:battle rifles 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1346:assault rifle 1340: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1325:Assault rifle 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1305:Ruger Mini-14 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 947:sniper rifles 944: 940: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 908: 904: 900: 896: 889: 885: 880: 875: 865: 863: 859: 855: 851: 846: 840: 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 811:New Nambu M60 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 759: 757: 753: 749: 745: 744:double-action 741: 740:single-action 737: 733: 729: 725: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 701: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 672: 668: 663: 657: 653: 648: 643: 633: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 606: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 507: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 456: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 401: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 374:ranged weapon 372: 365: 361: 357: 347: 344: 340: 339:sniper rifles 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 315: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 240: 238: 234: 230: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 174: 172: 168: 165:that uses an 164: 160: 152: 148: 143: 133: 130: 122: 111: 108: 104: 101: 97: 94: 90: 87: 83: 80: – 79: 75: 74:Find sources: 68: 64: 58: 57: 52:This article 50: 46: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 10797:Arms control 10677:Gun violence 10644:Jungle style 10643: 10616:Gun cultures 10521:Intermediate 10198:Fire forming 10048:Rate of fire 9919:Stadiametric 9897:Transitional 9841:Self-loading 9796:Gas-operated 9756:Blow-forward 9688:Red dot 9598:Squeeze bore 9546:Pistol slide 9531:Muzzle brake 9499:Bottom metal 9046:Machine guns 8704:Line thrower 8684:muzzleloader 8680:Breechloader 8617: 8589: 8334:scope mounts 8254: 8142:Muzzleloader 8117:Breechloader 8095:rocket arrow 8067:Meng Huo You 8018:rocket arrow 8008:incendiaries 7980:Grose Bochse 7926:Wankou Chong 7444: 7272:Martial arts 7246: 7235:Depth charge 7205:Conventional 6946:Soviet Union 6823:World War II 6463: 6459: 6437: 6418: 6399: 6379: 6341:. 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Retrieved 5067: 5063: 5050: 5042: 5038: 5033: 5023: 5008:, p. 1. 5001: 4992: 4986:. Retrieved 4962: 4955: 4933: 4926:. Retrieved 4895: 4885: 4856: 4852: 4843: 4831: 4824:Needham 1986 4819: 4792: 4780:. Retrieved 4761: 4751: 4743: 4739: 4730: 4716: 4702: 4682: 4675: 4655: 4644:. Retrieved 4630: 4622: 4617: 4602: 4597: 4582: 4577: 4562: 4557: 4546:. Retrieved 4537: 4528: 4517:. Retrieved 4508: 4499: 4488:. Retrieved 4479: 4470: 4459:. Retrieved 4450: 4427:. Retrieved 4415: 4389:the original 4358:. Retrieved 4354:the original 4349: 4325:February 23, 4323:. Retrieved 4314: 4304: 4297:Andrade 2016 4292: 4280:. Retrieved 4260: 4241: 4234: 4214:. Retrieved 4185:. Retrieved 4175: 4024:Gun violence 3986:Gun politics 3982:Firearms law 3890: 3882: 3868: 3842: 3838: 3835:South Africa 3806: 3795: 3791: 3781: 3777: 3764: 3751: 3724: 3707: 3701: 3690: 3653: 3644: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3621: 3612: 3603: 3595: 3592: 3584: 3581: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3518: 3503: 3485: 3445: 3441: 3384:en-bloc clip 3368:speedloaders 3352: 3332: 3324: 3293: 3288:.303 British 3250: 3235: 3206:Mosin–Nagant 3193: 3178: 3160:Breechloader 3156:Muzzleloader 3140: 3130: 3091: 3052: 3026: 3020: 3019:matchlocks ( 2977: 2970: 2935: 2934:were called 2927: 2923: 2919: 2909: 2890:in Bohemia. 2885: 2854: 2837:Hand cannons 2828:The Chinese 2827: 2799: 2791: 2787: 2756: 2731:bedil tombak 2716: 2677: 2671: 2668:Heilongjiang 2645: 2630: 2625:Yuan dynasty 2568:Buttstroking 2562: 2559: 2549: 2533: 2522: 2517:buttstroking 2488: 2484: 2483: 2466: 2465: 2446:blow forward 2416: 2415: 2401: 2395: 2392:self-loading 2391: 2387: 2386: 2359:slide action 2358: 2354: 2353: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2302: 2301: 2262:Lever action 2261: 2260: 2257:Lever action 2251:Lever action 2246: 2231: 2227: 2226: 2218: 2172: 2167:infiltrators 2156: 2150: 2148: 2114:KRISS Vector 2071: 2055: 2022: 2020: 1990:M134 Minigun 1951: 1903: 1879:rate of fire 1862: 1860: 1836:Machine guns 1815: 1805: 1788: 1768:machine guns 1762: 1760: 1718:Dragunov SVU 1651: 1639:scout rifles 1616: 1588:sniper rifle 1587: 1585: 1548:Sniper rifle 1532:Howa Type 64 1517: 1501: 1465:battle rifle 1464: 1462: 1444:Battle rifle 1409: 1393:World War II 1389:Nazi Germany 1387:produced by 1382: 1345: 1343: 1286: 1242: 1237: 1216: 1214: 1149:Mossberg 500 1130: 1124: 1088: 1052:shot spreads 1047:shot pellets 1038: 1036: 1028:Mossberg 500 986:MAS-36 rifle 963: 959:break-action 955:lever-action 928: 894: 892: 884:Mosin–Nagant 849: 844: 842: 783:Luger pistol 771:M1911 pistol 760: 721: 702: 698:self-defense 677: 675: 618:armed forces 607: 508: 504:machine guns 467: 457: 449:water vessel 417:foot soldier 408: 404: 402: 394:black powder 386:deflagration 384:combustion ( 368: 316: 256:breechloader 252:muzzleloader 241: 175: 158: 156: 125: 116: 106: 99: 92: 85: 73: 61:Please help 56:verification 53: 36: 10911:Legislation 10863:in the U.S. 10814:Disarmament 10809:Gun control 10506:Handloading 10293:Dummy round 10165:Cooking off 10160:Malfunction 10148:Field strip 10143:Maintenance 10033:Penetration 9996:Match grade 9914:Mathematics 9846:Single-shot 9786:Closed bolt 9700:Scope mount 9663:Holographic 9653:Finderscope 9541:Pistol grip 9519:Speedloader 9373:Telescoping 9353:Breechblock 9226:Gatling gun 9125:Pump action 8766:Single-shot 8689:Combination 8538:Swivel stud 8500:Swivel stud 8440:accessories 8380:holographic 8342:Ring mounts 8180:Huolongjing 8172:Literatures 7975:Faule Mette 7970:Faule Grete 7965:Dulle Griet 7828:Ekor lotong 7790:Baton a feu 7691:Jäger rifle 7583:Muff pistol 7538:Hand mortar 7533:Hand cannon 7508:Blunderbuss 7210:Crew-served 7170:Area denial 7002:Six-Day War 6997:Vietnam War 6926:New Zealand 6921:Netherlands 6794:Nationalist 6727:New Zealand 6654:World War I 6614:Crimean War 6102:Mayo Clinic 5793:January 10, 5583:February 8, 5402:. Penguin. 5070:: 233–268. 4758:"Gunpowder" 4669:pp. 270-271 4581:F.A. Moyer 4561:C. Taylor, 4311:"Small arm" 4240:"Firearm". 4233:"Firearm". 4009:Gun culture 3996:Gun control 3563:Phabricator 3456:Gatling gun 3448:Gatling gun 3434:, a modern 3414:The French 3406:Single-shot 3376:Lee–Enfield 3308:6mm Flobert 3304:parlor guns 3276:.577 Snider 3173:bolt action 3021:tanegashima 2857:hand cannon 2843:Hand cannon 2810:Fire lances 2660:hand cannon 2627:(1271–1368) 2621:Hand cannon 2489:select fire 2399:cartridge. 2396:autoloading 2355:Pump action 2350:Pump action 2344:Pump action 2307:bolt handle 2303:Bolt action 2298:Bolt action 2292:Bolt action 2237:single-shot 2163:skirmishers 2144:HK 4.6×30mm 2043:.40 S&W 1958:M2 Browning 1947:direct fire 1945:with rapid 1867:direct fire 1863:machine gun 1842:Machine gun 1818:Cei-Rigotti 1780:French Army 1698:Barrett M82 1674:Steyr Scout 1649:in squads. 1592:bolt-action 1577:Barrett M82 1268:personnel, 1191:.30 carbine 1091:pump-action 1060:less lethal 994:Ruger 10/22 974:Lee–Enfield 966:Henry rifle 951:bolt-action 854:Renaissance 807:Colt Python 724:single-shot 597:(Germany), 583:Kalashnikov 569:(Belgium), 565:(Austria), 553:(Germany), 455:or useful. 433:fixed mount 421:crew-served 378:projectiles 323:iron sights 312:Gatling gun 286:used (i.e. 222:propellants 206:hand cannon 10944:Categories 10715:Gun safety 10710:Gunfighter 10501:Centrefire 10483:Cartridges 10463:Snake shot 10403:Round shot 10393:Projectile 10378:Incendiary 10276:Ammunition 10235:Propellant 10203:Obturation 10175:Squib load 10103:ammunition 9941:Accurizing 9877:Ballistics 9791:Electronic 9710:Telescopic 9561:Recoil pad 9420:Firing pin 9395:Bump stock 9358:Breechface 9299:Components 9291:components 9144:Ammunition 8892:Wallet gun 8836:Pepper-box 8781:Spring-gun 8776:Smoothbore 8771:Sleeve gun 8543:Snap hooks 8353:Zeiss rail 8083:Pen Huo Qi 8045:Greek fire 8036:Fire arrow 7921:Xanadu Gun 7908:Swivel gun 7898:Pot de fer 7838:Fauconneau 7528:Fire lance 7287:Non-lethal 7267:Insurgency 7262:Incendiary 7257:Improvised 7190:Ceremonial 7180:Biological 7140:Amphibious 6992:Korean War 6966:Yugoslavia 6798:Republican 6722:Montenegro 6343:2020-03-07 6312:2020-03-07 6215:2019-10-15 6179:2019-10-15 6141:2019-10-15 6107:2023-12-08 6083:2023-12-08 6020:2023-12-08 5996:2018-04-01 5964:2018-04-01 5905:. CBS News 5828:31 January 5814:"Firearms" 5663:The Lancet 5521:25 January 5420:2020-10-31 5360:2014-04-19 5316:January 4, 5294:Chase 2003 5280:2018-04-09 5251:2021-04-30 5097:2020-09-08 5006:Chase 2003 4988:2019-04-24 4836:Chase 2003 4812:Chase 2003 4797:Chase 2003 4646:2020-01-04 4548:2023-06-20 4519:2020-09-24 4490:2020-09-24 4461:2020-03-07 4429:2020-03-07 4360:15 January 4315:Britannica 4216:2014-04-19 4157:References 4034:Open carry 4014:Gun safety 3908:Ballistics 3708:mechanical 3646:treaties. 3500:Gun safety 3494:See also: 3432:M4 carbine 3382:, and the 3348:centerfire 3320:.22 CB Cap 3316:.22 BB Cap 3312:propellant 3294:Frenchman 3266:Ammunition 3256:Cartridges 3220:, and the 3171:and early 3028:Matchlocks 3017:Edo period 2965:Grand Turk 2932:war wagons 2894:Arquebuses 2830:fire lance 2816:Fire lance 2684:Aq Qoyunlu 2656:cannonball 2637:fire lance 2610:See also: 2572:butt stock 2545:butt stock 2529:ammunition 2422:propellant 2282:firing pin 2209:Colt AR-15 2098:Spectre M4 2063:body armor 1871:burst fire 1756:7.62×54mmR 1477:7.62×54mmR 1428:M4 carbine 1309:M4 carbine 1301:M1 carbine 1266:logistical 1255:alongside 1234:M1 carbine 1202:M4 carbine 1187:M1 carbine 1153:Benelli M4 1043:smoothbore 888:7.62×54mmR 791:Beretta 92 787:Mauser C96 779:Walther PP 717:derringers 567:FN Herstal 563:Steyr Arms 484:derringers 468:small arms 390:propellant 382:exothermic 237:projectile 226:smoothbore 214:propellant 198:fire lance 89:newspapers 18:Small arms 10960:Gunpowder 10755:Gun shops 10705:Forensics 10680:and 10626:Gun shows 10368:Frangible 10358:Expanding 10310:Gas check 10305:Flechette 10288:Cannelure 10213:Gunpowder 10170:Hang fire 10138:Firefight 9991:Lock time 9981:Headspace 9946:Bore axis 9831:Repeating 9781:Open bolt 9695:Magnifier 9581:Auto sear 9487:Wheellock 9482:Flintlock 9460:Half-cock 9415:Extractor 9316:Feed ramp 9246:Tommy Gun 9236:M1 Garand 9171:.410 bore 9135:Sawed-off 9110:Coach gun 9024:Repeating 9017:Polygonal 8941:Automatic 8924:Anti-tank 8809:Derringer 8699:Flare gun 8510:Versa Pod 8505:Picatinny 8452:Picatinny 8438:Handguard 8305:Picatinny 8292:Receivers 8190:Wubei Zhi 8162:Wheellock 8147:Snaphance 8132:Matchlock 8127:Flintlock 8093:Singijeon 7916:Veuglaire 7912:Tarasnice 7888:Organ gun 7853:Hongyipao 7818:Chongtong 7808:Carronade 7767:artillery 7731:Musketoon 7598:Pepperbox 7307:Pneumatic 7297:Offensive 7230:Explosive 7175:Artillery 7165:Anti-tank 7145:Ancillary 6831:Australia 6785:Chaco War 6667:Australia 6548:Premodern 6060:1359-1789 6046:: 39–44. 5084:191565174 5045:: p. 178. 4941:cite book 4869:1361-8113 4187:April 29, 3788:Australia 3726:includes: 3468:Lewis gun 3464:"Spandau" 3452:automatic 3388:M1 Garand 3380:Mauser 98 3344:"rimfire" 3335:gunpowder 3327:cartridge 3218:M1 Garand 3107:snaphance 3094:flintlock 3080:Flintlock 3074:Flintlock 3055:wheellock 3041:Wheellock 3035:Wheellock 3007:Matchlock 3001:Matchlock 2877:artillery 2861:lead shot 2782:musketeer 2771:istinggar 2719:Nusantara 2711:istinggar 2696:Nusantara 2641:gunpowder 2595:attached. 2417:Automatic 2406:Automatic 2367:forestock 2363:handguard 2286:cartridge 2241:repeating 2102:Steyr TMP 2069:targets. 2029:(such as 1986:IWI Negev 1954:Maxim gun 1822:Lewis gun 1654:M40 rifle 1524:Gewehr 43 1513:M14 rifle 1491:like the 1485:M1 Garand 1432:M16 rifle 1366:5.45×39mm 1362:7.62×39mm 1356:(such as 1339:5.45×39mm 1206:M16 rifle 1141:Ithaca 37 1099:automatic 1064:bean bags 982:M1 Garand 978:Gewehr 98 833:Long guns 738:pistols; 736:automatic 713:cartridge 709:revolvers 577:(China), 573:(Italy), 547:SIG Sauer 519:Remington 488:long guns 480:revolvers 300:flintlock 296:wheellock 292:matchlock 186:gunpowder 167:explosive 147:M16 rifle 78:"Firearm" 10950:Firearms 10916:Politics 10836:Gun laws 10767:Gunsmith 10655:Politics 10574:industry 10496:Caseless 10298:Snap cap 10191:Ignition 10182:Ricochet 10123:Dry fire 10099:Shooting 10026:Velocity 9892:Terminal 9887:External 9851:Slamfire 9836:Revolver 9751:Blowback 9618:Tapering 9593:Silencer 9556:Receiver 9494:Magazine 9450:Foregrip 9440:Freebore 9410:Cylinder 9368:Rotating 9331:Trunnion 9197:Historic 9088:Shotguns 9007:Marksman 8985:Elephant 8887:Starting 8846:Revolver 8814:Duelling 8804:Cane gun 8796:Handguns 8756:Riot gun 8724:Takedown 8709:Long gun 8694:Elephant 8598:glossary 8590:Firearms 8152:Snaplock 7985:Mons Meg 7833:Falconet 7823:Culverin 7785:Basilisk 7751:Wall gun 7593:Petronel 7493:Arquebus 7485:Firearms 7460:Timeline 7403:Category 7370:Industry 7327:Tectonic 7312:Practice 7302:Personal 7195:Chemical 7135:Aircraft 7100:Iraq War 7072:Gulf War 6981:Cold War 6971:Infantry 6951:Thailand 6851:Bulgaria 6808:Japanese 6767:Infantry 6732:Portugal 6682:Bulgaria 6662:Chemical 6571:Japanese 6566:Medieval 6494:Firearms 6458:(1986). 6378:(2016). 6352:cite web 6334:Archived 6306:Archived 6280:Archived 6254:Archived 6232:Archived 6209:Archived 6173:Archived 6135:Archived 5955:Archived 5931:April 3, 5909:April 3, 5888:16485447 5859:15222463 5822:Archived 5742:25530442 5693:27733281 5641:Archived 5628:26551975 5543:Archived 5456:Archived 5437:Archived 5414:Archived 5310:Archived 5274:Archived 5242:Archived 5088:Archived 4982:Archived 4928:24 April 4922:Archived 4877:23790667 4863:: 1–30. 4776:Archived 4740:Sky News 4640:Archived 4542:Archived 4513:Archived 4484:Archived 4455:Archived 4420:Archived 4319:Archived 4276:Archived 4210:Archived 4181:Archived 3945:Gunsmith 3896:See also 3693:title II 3359:magazine 3226:Breda 30 2928:hook gun 2920:arquebus 2912:arquebus 2881:arquebus 2767:Malaccan 2727:pole gun 2688:Safavids 2672:Yuan Shi 2515:trainee 2442:blowback 2311:receiver 2278:linkages 1875:belt-fed 1772:Chauchat 1678:Sako TRG 1623:materiel 1481:retronym 1374:magazine 1278:officers 1171:Carbines 1072:riot gun 1068:tear gas 1032:12-gauge 1012:Shotguns 961:rifles. 935:carbines 899:riflings 862:arquebus 845:long gun 839:Long gun 686:sidearms 682:gun laws 667:Glock 19 656:.45 Colt 636:Handguns 614:civilian 539:Mossberg 515:Browning 496:shotguns 490:such as 474:such as 472:handguns 445:aircraft 431:(e.g. a 413:infantry 371:barreled 272:revolver 229:shotguns 149:and the 10903: ( 10870:License 10638:Hunting 10586:Society 10566:Society 10543:Wildcat 10538:Pinfire 10468:Spitzer 10398:Raufoss 10340:Bullets 10330:Wadding 10245:Cordite 10223:Rimfire 10153:Fouling 10133:Gunshot 10111:Gunshot 9951:Caliber 9934:Metrics 9865:Physics 9766:Boxlock 9739:Actions 9725:Zeroing 9720:Thermal 9678:Reticle 9648:Diopter 9623:Trigger 9470:Striker 9445:Forearm 9430:Fluting 9400:Chamber 9388:Tilting 9378:Flapper 9338:Bayonet 9326:Threads 9090: ( 9012:Rifling 9000:Varmint 8990:Express 8980:Buffalo 8975:Hunting 8958:Carbine 8929:Assault 8904: ( 8831:Machine 8751:Pen gun 8746:Net gun 8741:Needler 8733: ( 8714:Carbine 8635:History 8618:Firearm 8592: ( 8403:RMR/SRO 8264:Barrels 8255:Firearm 8122:Doglock 8078:Naphtha 8055:Huo Che 8016:Bo-hiya 8004:rockets 7952:Basilic 7947:Bombard 7868:Lantaka 7813:Cetbang 7645:muskets 7365:Arsenal 7342:Vehicle 7332:Torpedo 7292:Nuclear 7252:Hunting 7247:Firearm 6941:Romania 6901:Hungary 6891:Germany 6881:Finland 6876:Denmark 6866:Croatia 6841:Belgium 6836:Austria 6737:Romania 6697:Germany 6677:Belgium 6639:Antique 6561:Chinese 6556:African 6539:History 6531:Weapons 6369:Sources 6286:7 March 6260:7 March 5733:4340604 5684:5388903 5634:Table 4 5240:: 137. 4826::293–94 4782:30 July 4480:GovInfo 4451:AustLII 4282:30 July 3715:air gun 3654:In the 3565:and on 3420:bullpup 3339:wadding 3197:Spencer 3099:frizzen 2962:frigate 2946:Muskets 2924:haaqbus 2869:windage 2735:Islamic 2692:Mughals 2680:Mamluks 2652:bombard 2648:Sichuan 2600:History 2593:bayonet 2582:handgun 2327:chamber 2319:striker 2118:SIG MPX 2110:PP-2000 2035:.45 ACP 1922:mounted 1694:PTRS-41 1581:.50 BMG 1497:FN SCAR 1401:bullpup 1391:during 1230:AKS-74U 1217:carbine 1177:Carbine 1106:, with 1039:shotgun 1018:Shotgun 920:hunting 916:shotgun 907:bullets 858:muskets 705:pistols 678:handgun 642:Handgun 603:Armscor 575:Norinco 571:Beretta 551:Walther 476:pistols 441:vehicle 331:pistols 308:hunting 244:caliber 231:) have 210:Eurasia 180:, when 159:firearm 103:scholar 10700:Deaths 10682:safety 10570:safety 10448:Meplat 10428:Tracer 10255:Ramrod 10208:Primer 10053:Recoil 10016:Energy 10011:Muzzle 9683:Reflex 9640:Sights 9588:Shroud 9571:Safety 9465:Linear 9455:Hammer 9383:Roller 9311:Barrel 9064:Medium 9029:Sniper 8970:Double 8946:Battle 8902:Rifles 8841:Pocket 8819:Pistol 8761:Rotary 8719:Musket 8650:Weapon 8640:Safety 8602:topics 8600:, and 8530:Slings 8492:Bipods 8472:KeyMod 8447:Weaver 8423:CompM4 8408:C-More 8398:Docter 8376:reflex 8330:Scopes 8300:Weaver 8061:Hwacha 8002:Early 7903:Prangi 7878:Mortar 7803:Cannon 7765:Early 7726:Musket 7706:Jingal 7641:Rifles 7603:Pistol 7518:Dragon 7347:Combat 7317:Ranged 7220:Deadly 6936:Poland 6931:Norway 6916:Mexico 6896:Greece 6886:France 6856:Canada 6846:Brazil 6752:Turkey 6747:Serbia 6742:Russia 6702:Greece 6692:France 6687:Canada 6586:Modern 6470: 6444: 6425: 6406: 6386: 6058: 5886: 5857: 5740: 5730: 5712:Lancet 5691: 5681: 5626: 5512: 5480: 5406: 5199: 5159: 5082: 4994:world. 4974: 4914: 4875: 4867: 4768: 4690: 4663: 4609: 4589: 4569: 4268: 3774:Canada 3589:Injury 3370:, the 3355:breech 3216:, the 3212:, the 3208:, the 2952:Musket 2784:(1608) 2589:muzzle 2541:muzzle 2438:recoil 2426:primer 2371:hammer 2315:breech 2223:Manual 2193:Action 2185:, and 2175:FN P90 2116:, and 2041:, and 1988:, and 1974:FN MAG 1926:tripod 1828:, and 1778:, the 1752:AVS-36 1728:, and 1704:, and 1680:, and 1534:, and 1528:FN FAL 1454:FN FAL 1422:, and 1405:breech 1385:StG 44 1368:, and 1335:AK-107 1311:, and 1163:, and 1097:, and 1004:, and 957:, and 868:Rifles 825:, and 813:, and 789:, and 595:Mauser 581:, and 579:Rostec 535:Savage 502:, and 492:rifles 486:; and 482:, and 460:subset 453:mobile 425:recoil 396:, now 362:, and 335:rifles 288:rifled 284:barrel 233:rifled 194:spears 190:pellet 182:bamboo 105: 98: 91: 84: 76: 10533:Paper 10491:Blank 10458:ABCBC 10443:Minié 10388:HEIAP 10373:Green 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