1769:
2474:
971:
169:
4017:
3982:
2112:. The Bohemian Germans' property was confiscated by the Czech authorities, and according to contemporary estimates, amounted to a third of the Czechoslovak national income. Germans who were valued for their skills were allowed to stay to pass on their knowledge to the Czech migrants. The expulsion severely depopulated the area and from then on, locales were referred to in only their Czech equivalents regardless of their previous demographic makeup. The resettlement of the formerly German-settled areas allowed many poorer people to acquire property, thus "equalizing" Czechoslovak society.
87:
3224:...should be modern Saxony, where remnants of Serbs (Sorbs) are still living. The name 'Boiki' has been much disputed over by specialists ... has proved that the 'place called Boiki' can only be Bohemia. Grégoire (L'Origine, 98) rejects Skok's proposal to read 'Boioi', and suggests 'Boimi'. C.'s account contains one serious inexactitude: namely, the statement that the Serbs lived 'in a place called by them Boiki'. Although we have documentary proof of the existence of Croats in Bohemia, we have none to suggest that Serbs lived there. Bohemia was in fact another neighbor of White Serbia
105:
1650:
1922:
1523:
406:
1409:
4053:
112:
186:
2495:
4028:
385:
4003:
94:
3192:
very unlikely, however, because the location is too far east for the Serbs, nor has any indication been found that the name of the Boikos was ever in such wide usage. So all we are left with to suggest the existence of a Rus' Croatia in the
Carpathians is the Primary Chronicle ... Published by H. Jireiek, the Karten zur Geschichte (1897) also show the 'Boiki' on the Dnister (map 4). It is more likely that Boiki is a distorted variant of the name Boiohem, or Bohemia, as most scholars now believe...
1808:
2132:
1276:
157:
4068:
201:
4042:
997:
1948:. Czech political leaders however claimed the entire Bohemian lands, including majority German-speaking areas, for Czechoslovakia. By the end of October, bilingual towns had been occupied by Czech forces. By end of November, many purely German-speaking towns had been occupied. German or Austrian troops, bound by the cease-fire agreement, did not support Bohemian German self-defense, while the Czechoslovak army, having status of an
1914:
2315:
3439:: "Die Ausweitung des Konfliktes zum förmlichen Krieg zwischen Deutschösterreich und der Tschechoslowakei war jedoch mit den gesamtsataatlichen Zielen unvereinbar. Deutschösterreich unterstand den Bedingungen des Wafenstillstandes, während andereseits die Tschehslowakei zu den verbündeten Siegersaaten zählte und daher ihre Armee als Ententeheer laut Waffenstilland Beweungsfreiheit in ganz Österreich-Ungarn genoss
3423:: "Schon am 30. Oktober 1918 erreichten den Statsrat erste Meldungen über die teschcische und südslawische Besetzung zweisprachiger Orte entlang der Sprachgrenze. Kaum war der Entschluß zu den Provinzgründungen publik, da begann die tschechische Besetzung von mehrheitlich- oder ausschließlich-deutschen Orten an der Peripherie des deutschen Anspruchsgebiets"
3407:: "Czech political leaders claimed the entire Bohemian crown lands, including majority German-speaking areas, for Czechoslovakia. In the nineteenth century, Czech nationalist activists had used Bohemia’s historical status as an independent kingdom to argue for Bohemian states rights (Staatsrecht/státní pravo) within the Habsburg Empire"
1901:, ostensibly creating equality between the Austrian and Hungarian halves of the empire. An attempt by the Czechs to create a tripartite monarchy (Austria-Hungary-Bohemia) failed in 1871. The "state-rights program" remained the official platform of all Czech political parties (except for social democrats) until 1918.
1890:) became the official political program of both Czech liberal politicians and the majority of Bohemian aristocracy ("state rights program"), while parties representing the German minority and small part of the aristocracy proclaimed their loyalty to the centralist Constitution (so-called "Verfassungstreue").
1803:
In the so-called "renewed constitution" of 1627, German was established as a second official language in the Czech lands. Czech formally remained the first language in the kingdom, but both German and Latin were widely spoken among the ruling classes, although German became increasingly dominant, and
1260:
sharply declined, as it did in
Bavaria. The influence of the central Fraganeo-Czechs grew, as a result of the important cultic center in their territory. They were Slavic-speaking, thus contributed to the transformation of diverse neighboring populations into a new nation named and led by them with a
3191:
The second detail in
Constantine's account, which supposedly points to the eastern Carpathians, is his reference to a 'place called Boiki (Boiki)' on the border with the White Serbs; for a long time this was considered – and some consider it still – to be a reference to the Ukrainian Boikos. That is
1764:
of Prague, were executed on the Prague's Old Town Square on 21 June 1621, and the rest were exiled from the country; their lands were then given to
Catholic loyalists (mostly of Bavarian and Saxon origin). That ended the pro-reformation movement in Bohemia and also ended the role of Prague as ruling
2174:
provided for higher administrative units to be established, providing for the possibility of
Bohemia as an administrative unit, but did not specify the form they would take. A constitutional act in 1997 rejected the restoration of self-governing historical Czech lands, and decided for the regional
1904:
Under the state-rights program, appealing to the stability of
Bohemia's borders over many centuries, the Czech emancipation movement claimed the right to the whole of the Bohemian lands over the Germans' right to the lands, amounting to a third of Bohemia, where they formed the majority.
2294:
cities, which were also under
Bohemian rule, and had closer economic interests with those cities since. Žitava was not formally annexed from Bohemia to Upper Lusatia, however, it shared the history of Upper Lusatia since, and was annexed from the Kingdom of Bohemia by the
2104:, Soviet and Romanian troops captured the region, which was then restored to Czechoslovakia. After the war ended in 1945, after initial plans to cede lands to Germany or to create German-speaking cantons had been abandoned, the vast majority of the Bohemian Germans were
2233:
regions. In addition to their use in the names of the regions, the historical land names remain in use in names of municipalities, cadastral areas, railway stations or geographical names. The distinction and border between the Czech lands is also preserved in
1554:
prior to the journey. Hus was invited to attend the council to defend himself and the Czech positions in the religious court, but with the emperor's approval, he was executed on 6 July 1415. The execution of Hus, as well as five consecutive papal
1126:, after they had suffered defeat to Roman forces in Germany. He took advantage of the natural defenses provided by its mountains and forests. They were able to maintain a strong alliance with neighboring tribes, including (at different times) the
1625:
was elected to ascend to the
Bohemian throne. He is remembered for his attempt to set up a pan-European "Christian League", which would form all the states of Europe into a community based on religion. In the process of negotiating, he appointed
1570:
of
Trocnov. As the leader of the Hussite armies, he used innovative tactics and weapons, such as howitzers, pistols, and fortified wagons, which were revolutionary for the time, and established Žižka as a great general who never lost a battle.
1830:
movement, in cooperation with part of the
Bohemian aristocracy, started a campaign for restoration of the kingdom's historic rights, whereby Czech was to regain its historical role and replace German as the language of administration. The
1105:
into southern France, which was one of the events leading to the interventions of Julius Caesar's Gaulish campaign of 58 BC. The emigration of the Helvetii and Boii left southern Germany and Bohemia a lightly inhabited "desert" into which
2142:
In February 1948, the non-communist members of the government resigned in protest against arbitrary measures by the communists and their Soviet protectors in many of the state's institutions. Gottwald and the communists responded with a
1215:
ones. These are precursors of today's Czechs, but the exact amount of Slavic immigration is a subject of debate. The Slavic influx was divided into two or three waves. The first wave came from the southeast and east, when the Germanic
2310:
In 1945, some 4000 Czechs were registered in Zittau, and formed a Czech National Committee. The Czechs made an attempt to reintegrate the city with Bohemia, and thus Czechoslovakia, but the efforts were decisively rejected in 1948.
3682:
2147:
and installed a pro-Soviet authoritarian state. In 1949, Bohemia ceased to be an administrative unit of Czechoslovakia, as the country was divided into administrative regions that did not follow the historical borders.
1295:(r. 870–894). After Svatopluk's death Great Moravia was weakened by years of internal conflict and constant warfare, ultimately collapsing and fragmenting because of the continual incursions of the invading nomadic
1578:
took over the command for the army, and under his lead the Hussites were victorious for another ten years, to the sheer terror of Europe. The Hussite cause gradually splintered into two main factions, the moderate
1110:
peoples arrived, speaking Germanic languages, and became dominant over remaining Celtic groups. To the south, over the Danube, the Romans extended their empire, and to the southeast, in present-day Hungary, were
1630:
to tour the European courts and to conduct the talks. However, the negotiations were not completed because George's position was substantially damaged over time by his deteriorating relationship with the Pope.
1474:
From the 13th century on, settlements of Germans developed throughout Bohemia, making Bohemia a bilingual country. The German settlers particularly brought mining technology to the mountainous regions of the
1169:). Many Suebic tribes from the Bohemian region took part in such movements westwards, even settling as far away as Spain and Portugal. With them were also tribes who had pushed from the east, such as the
407:
3417:
Hans Mommsen; Dušan Kováč; Jiří Malíř, eds. (2001). "Im Widerstreit der Selbstbestimmungsansprüche: Vom Habsburgerstaat zur Tschechoslowakei - die Deutschen der böhmischen Länder 1918 bis 1919".
2077:
Any open opposition to German occupation was brutally suppressed by the Nazi authorities, and many Czech patriots were executed as a result. In 1942, the Czechoslovak resistance carried out the
3433:
Hans Mommsen; Dušan Kováč; Jiří Malíř, eds. (2001). "Im Widerstreit der Selbstbestimmungsansprüche: vom Habsburgerstaat zur Tschechoslowakei–die Deutschen der böhmischen Länder 1918 bis 1919".
1847:, many Czech nationalists called for autonomy for Bohemia from Habsburg Austria, but the revolutionaries were defeated. At the same time, German-speaking towns elected representatives for the
386:
745:
Bohemia had an area of 52,065 km (20,102 sq mi), and today is home to about 6.9 million of the Czech Republic's 10.9 million inhabitants. Bohemia was bordered in the south by
523:
until the end of World War II, after which Bohemia became part of the restored Czechoslovakia. In 1969, the Czech lands (including Bohemia) were given autonomy within Czechoslovakia as the
3076:
3065:
3971:
3679:
1241:
3654:
2986:
546:), which do not follow the borders of the historical Czech lands (or the regions from the 1960 and 2000 reforms). However, the three lands are mentioned in the preamble of the
1690:
Bohemia enjoyed religious freedom between 1436 and 1620 and became one of the most liberal countries of the Christian world during that period. In 1609, Holy Roman Emperor
2105:
1644:
1640:
2968:
3455::"By mid-December, the borderlands were firmly under Czechoslovak control. A Czechoslovak state with the historic borders of the Bohemian crown was a fait accomplit"
2957:
2879:
3137:
2183:
at the time, remained one of the main advocates of the land system, claiming that the primary reason for its refusal was the fear of possible Moravian separatism.
1871:
elected conservative representatives. The old Bohemian Diet, one of the last remnants of the independence, was dissolved, although Czech experienced a rebirth as
3964:
2411:", the area should go over to Czechoslovakia instead of being assigned to Poland, as no relevant Polish minority lived in the area. Pressure brought on by the
846:. Afterward, many of the Boii retreated north across the Alps. Much later Roman authors refer to the area they had once occupied (the "desert of the Boii" as
1741:
Protestant, was elected by the Bohemian nobility to replace Ferdinand on the Bohemian throne and was known as the Winter King. Frederick's wife, the popular
3708:, List of railway stations, České dráhy (Czech railways) – search for "v Čechách" (17×), "na Moravě" (15×), "Český", "České", "Moravský", "Moravské", etc.
2074:, in which men and women, mostly Polish and Jewish, but also Czechs, Russians, and other people, were similarly imprisoned and subjected to forced labor.
185:
2067:
3003:
1400:
in 1241. Germans settled primarily along the northern, western, and southern borders of Bohemia, although many lived in towns throughout the kingdom.
4140:
4052:
3957:
3469:(in Czech). Paris Karviná in association with the Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague. pp. 111–112, 124–125, 128, 129, 132, 140–148, 184–209.
1228:'s tribal confederation. His death marked the end of the old "Slavonic" confederation, the second attempt to establish such a Slavonic union after
2825:
2101:
1439:
His reign brought Bohemia to its peak both politically and in total area, resulting in his being the first king of Bohemia to also be elected as
1361:
of the Holy Roman Empire, with the promise that he hold it as a vassal once he reoccupied Prague with a German army in 1004, ending the rule of
2180:
1843:, who introduced minor language concessions, showed promise for the Czech movement, but many of these reforms were later rescinded. During the
1314:. The alliance was facilitated by Bohemia's conversion to Christianity, in the 9th century. Continuing close relations were developed with the
4027:
3073:
3062:
2904:
1991:, Czechoslovakia became a liberal democratic republic, but serious issues emerged regarding the Czech majority's relationship with the native
4002:
3720:
1253:
means "people of-"). Christianity first appeared in the early 9th century, but became dominant only much later, in the 10th or 11th century.
3300:
Wielu spośród nich osiedlili królowie węgierscy u zachodnich granic swego królestwa; morze Ciemne = Bałtyk; Boiki = Bohemia, czyli Czechy...
2039:
1101:
known to the Romans for their migrations and settlement in northern Italy and other places. Another part of the nation moved west with the
3662:
3269:
These, he says, descended from the unbaptized Serbs who were also called "white" and lived in a place called by them "Boiki" (Bohemia)...
2983:
1270:
3096:
2927:
1844:
1823:
and the centralization of rule, which essentially meant the merging of the Royal Bohemian Chancellery with the Austrian Chancellery.
493:
1420:
accepted the invitation to the Bohemian throne with the marriage to the Přemyslid heiress, Elizabeth and the crowning subsequent of
4135:
2393:
1245:, Bavaria, 800–850) divide the population of Bohemia into the Merehani, Marharaii, Beheimare (Bohemani), and Fraganeo. (The suffix
3918:
3318:
2043:
2019:, a puppet state of Nazi Germany. From 1939 to 1945, Bohemia (without the Sudetenland), together with Moravia, formed the German
1396:. The mid-13th century had the beginning of substantial German immigration, as the court sought to replace losses from the brief
1373:
1310:
The Přemyslids secured their frontiers after the collapse of the Moravian state by entering into a state of semivassalage to the
3949:
2399:
The last attempt occurred in May 1945, when Czechoslovakia tried to annex the area. The Czechs argued that because of the small
1820:
3631:
Wołek, Karol (2020). "The liberation of the German concentration camp in Holýšov, Czech Republic, by the Polish Armed Forces".
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2415:
led to a ceasing of military operations, with the Czech minority being expelled to Germany and Czechoslovakia. According to
1963:
As a result, the totality of Bohemia (as the largest and most populous land) became the core of the newly formed country of
4016:
3819:
2424:
1349:. Bohemia would remain a largely autonomous state under the Holy Roman Empire for several decades. The jurisdiction of the
168:
2954:
2299:
in 1635. The coat of arms of Zittau is a remnant of the city's ties to both Bohemia and Lower Silesia, as it contains the
2020:
1898:
520:
500:, defying claims of the German-speaking inhabitants that regions with German-speaking majority should be included in the
2816:
2171:
2086:
2078:
2015:. The remnants of Bohemia and Moravia were then annexed by Germany in 1939, while the Slovak lands became the separate
547:
2051:
1061:
3868:
3701:
3351:
3250:
3131:
3050:
1080:
361:
2055:
1033:
3740:
Metzig, Gregor M. (2010). "Sigismund I. und der Oberlausitzer Sechsstädtebund in den Hussitenkriegen (1419–1437)".
1887:
1714:
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POWs, and the Ilag IV camp for interned civilians from western Allied countries in the region. There were also 17
2016:
1680:
1672:
86:
2430:
Capitalizing on interest regarding the Kladsko area in the Czech national psyche, a special tourist area in the
2071:
1840:
1745:
and subsequently, Elizabeth of Bohemia, known as the Winter Queen or Queen of Hearts, was the daughter of King
1429:
1040:
1018:
200:
1627:
1614:, declaring peace and freedom between Catholics and Utraquists. It lasted for only a short period of time, as
542:). Since then, administrative reforms have replaced self-governing lands with a modified system of "regions" (
3546:
2214:
2090:
1836:
1730:
1691:
1606:
Despite an apparent victory for the Catholics, the Bohemian Utraquists were still strong enough to negotiate
1551:
191:
93:
4130:
1734:
1710:
1514:
of Charles University and a prominent reformer and religious thinker, influenced the rise of modern Czech.
1433:
1358:
1338:
839:
516:
314:
104:
3855:
2744:
1300:
1047:
442:
3936:
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Arnold Suppan (2008). ""Germans" in the Austrian Empire and in the Monarchy". In Ingrao; Szabo (eds.).
2759:
2754:
2211:
2203:
2097:
1945:
1197:
961:
868:
28 (written at the end of the first century AD), and later mentions of the same name are in Strabo and
817:
785:(also part of the Czech Republic). Bohemia's borders were mostly marked by mountain ranges such as the
501:
2796:
1768:
1506:, influencing the foundations of modern standard German. At the same time and place, the teachings of
4067:
2776:
2765:
1397:
1311:
965:
843:
532:
446:
4086:
1029:
970:
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2800:
2771:
2007:
in 1938, the border regions of Bohemia historically inhabited predominantly by ethnic Germans (the
1753:
1354:
1014:
925:
524:
400:
214:
20:
3717:
3494:. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 128, 362, 417, 565.
3492:
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV
3167:. Translated by Marta Skorupsky. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press. pp. 161–162.
3017:
1211:
tribes arrived from the east, and their language began to replace the older Germanic, Celtic, and
111:
3979:
2473:
2191:
1369:
1188:, is from the fourth century, and she was thought to have lived in or near Pannonia. The Suebian
1007:
877:
173:
3518:
3388:
Als die Deutschen weg waren Was nach der Vertreibung geschah: Ostpreußen, Sudetenland, Schlesien
1362:
2047:
1883:
1832:
1827:
1603:
in 1434. Sigismund said after the battle that "only the Bohemians could defeat the Bohemians."
1333:
After a decisive victory of the Holy Roman Empire and Bohemia over invading Magyars in the 955
413:
60:
4041:
2873:
1622:
3451:
Changing Places: Society, Culture, and Territory in the Saxon-Bohemian Borderlands, 1870-1946
3403:
Changing Places: Society, Culture, and Territory in the Saxon-Bohemian Borderlands, 1870-1946
3119:
2420:
2283:
2230:
2222:
2031:
1949:
1878:
In 1861, a new elected Bohemian Diet was established. The renewal of the old Bohemian Crown (
1683:
of Austria became the new king of Bohemia, and the country became a constituent state of the
1385:
1143:
293:
1550:. The verdict was passed despite the fact that Hus was granted formal protection by Emperor
2923:
2296:
1872:
1848:
1742:
1726:
1649:
1599:
and yearning for order, the Utraquists were able to eventually defeat the Taborites in the
1539:
1381:
1233:
303:
3092:
1921:
1660:
1595:
and found the more radical views of the Taborites distasteful. Additionally, with general
1304:
1280:
156:
8:
3860:
3158:
2560:
2199:
1984:
1894:
1607:
1522:
1503:
1417:
869:
1676:
538:
Until 1948, Bohemia was an administrative unit of Czechoslovakia as one of its "lands" (
2506:
2377:
1988:
1879:
1773:
1761:
1440:
1334:
1319:
805:
473:
2431:
2226:
3901:
3886:
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3636:
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3046:
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2733:
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2187:
2160:
2156:
2109:
1790:
1698:
at the time, himself a Roman Catholic, was moved by the Bohemian nobility to publish
1695:
1684:
1611:
1511:
1421:
1408:
1350:
1327:
1299:. Bohemia's initial incorporation into the Moravian Empire resulted in the extensive
1054:
481:
477:
434:
426:
277:
2527:
2459:
2404:
2381:
1184:. The last known mention of the Kingdom of the Marcomanni, concerning a queen named
1161:, two new Suebic groupings appeared to the west of Bohemia in southern Germany, the
4125:
3419:
Der Erste Weltkrieg und die Beziehungen zwischen Tschechen, Slowaken, und Deutschen
2494:
2218:
2152:
2125:
2004:
1600:
1575:
1204:
1150:
and sometimes in conflict with it; for example, in the second century, they fought
979:
915:
465:
421:
329:
3435:
Der Erste Weltkrieg und die Beziehungen zwischen Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutschen
2447:
3724:
3705:
3686:
3335:
Serbów balkañskich znajdowala siç w kraju zwanym u nich Boiki (Bohemia=Czechy)...
3312:
3281:
3240:
3236:
3205:
3162:
3080:
3069:
2990:
2972:
2961:
2908:
2820:
2749:
2715:
2701:
2687:
2667:
2652:
2638:
2624:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2578:
2564:
2545:
2531:
2517:
2287:
2108:
by the order of the re-established Czechoslovak central government, based on the
2093:
in Saxony and Silesia, and Allied POWs from camps in Austria reached the region.
2082:
1992:
1941:
1816:
1722:
1592:
1483:), famous coins called Joachimsthalers were coined, which gave their name to the
1151:
919:
864:
847:
794:
786:
485:
392:
161:
3827:
2482:
2385:
2369:
2195:
2046:, British, Belgian, Serbian, Dutch, Slovak, Soviet, Romanian, Italian and other
1303:. A native monarchy arose to the throne, and Bohemia came under the rule of the
3981:
3792:
2839:
2463:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2389:
2349:
2341:
2255:
2235:
2207:
2167:
1964:
1953:
1567:
1444:
1346:
1208:
1098:
827:
528:
497:
438:
379:
371:
219:
206:
46:
3210:. Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Görög Filoĺ́ogiai Intézet. pp. 130–131.
2434:
has been designated as the Kladsko Borderland Tourist Area (tourism district;
1819:
approved administrative reform in 1749. It included the indivisibility of the
1388:(king from 1253 to 1278) conquered a short-lived empire that contained modern
4119:
4101:
4088:
4060:
3753:
3640:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2300:
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in 1319–1346). Žitava was a Bohemian royal city, granted city rights by King
2279:
2063:
1976:
1972:
1815:
The formal independence of Bohemia was further jeopardized when the Bohemian
1655:
1596:
1495:
1460:
1456:
1288:
1207:, Bohemia was partially repopulated around the sixth century, and eventually
790:
750:
746:
469:
454:
3927:
2081:, and in reprisal German forces murdered the population of a whole village,
3680:
Dnešním politikům chybí odvaha, tvrdí Petr Pithart. Z uprchlíků strach nemá
2813:
2412:
2408:
2176:
2136:
2027:
2012:
1952:
army, could freely operate. The absorption of the German-speaking areas in
1852:
1757:
1615:
1560:
1559:
against followers of Hus, forced the Bohemians to defend themselves in the
1499:
1323:
1315:
1147:
945:
935:
823:
505:
226:
141:
3943:
3698:
3164:
History of Ukraine-Rus'. Volume 1: From Prehistory to the Eleventh Century
2360:
was culturally and traditionally a part of Bohemia but was also a part of
2170:
in 1993, the territory of Bohemia remained in the Czech Republic. The new
2155:
became the first saint from a Central European country to be canonized by
126:
3986:
3931:
2739:
2541:
2304:
2275:
2131:
2128:, the communist leader, became prime minister of a coalition government.
2035:
2008:
1944:
demanded that the regions with German-speaking majority be included in a
1937:
1368:
The first to use the title of "King of Bohemia" were the Přemyslid dukes
1292:
1257:
1158:
550:: "We, citizens of the Czech Republic in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia..."
509:
489:
71:
3571:
2842:
between adjectives referring to Bohemia and to the Czech Republic; i.e.
2683:
1480:
2388:
River was the focus of several attempts to reincorporate the area into
1807:
1718:
1588:
1468:
1307:, which would rule the Czech lands for the next several hundred years.
1275:
1229:
1224:
568 AD). Soon after, from the 630s to 660s, the territory was taken by
1212:
1193:
1189:
1135:
1119:
1021: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2574:
2513:
2478:
2337:
441:. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical
2416:
2089:
of prisoners of several subcamps of the Flossenbürg, Gross-Rosen and
1738:
1580:
1527:
1464:
1166:
1123:
284:
2588:
2120:
The Communist Party won the most votes in free elections, but not a
1566:
The uprising against imperial forces was led by a former mercenary,
996:
3934:
discussion with Norman Davies, Karin Friedrich and Robert Pynsent (
3778:(in German). Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel. p. 546–547, 643.
3161:(1997) . Andrzej Poppe; Frank E. Sysyn; Uliana M. Pasiczny (eds.).
2121:
2066:
and of several other ethnicities, were imprisoned and subjected to
1980:
1913:
1584:
1556:
1393:
1217:
1185:
1181:
1162:
1139:
1102:
2711:
2697:
2678:
2648:
2498:
Lands of the Bohemian Crown (until 1635), map by Josef Pekař, 1921
2314:
1531:
1242:
Descriptio civitatum et regionum ad septentrionalem plagam Danubii
952:, who settled in the area during the sixth or seventh century AD.
131:
4034:
3490:
Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022).
3432:
3416:
2555:
2263:
1968:
1864:
1856:
1543:
1507:
1476:
1452:
1448:
1389:
1342:
1296:
1170:
1112:
975:
911:
859:
782:
778:
770:
762:
758:
754:
450:
272:
2663:
2634:
2592:
2400:
2357:
2319:
2271:
2251:
1547:
1488:
1484:
949:
851:
802:
774:
766:
310:
289:
231:
136:
504:. Between 1938 and 1945, these border regions were annexed to
344:
2620:
1868:
1664:
1174:
1131:
1127:
1107:
942:
831:
3572:"Buchenwald war überall - Projekt »Netzwerk der Außenlager«"
2502:
2190:, and its administration is divided between Prague and the
1860:
1377:
1256:
The 9th century was crucial for the future of Bohemia. The
1225:
1094:
835:
798:
353:
350:
335:
3689:, Lidovky.cz, 17 October 2015, interview with Petr Pithart
1717:(later Holy Roman Emperor) began oppressing the rights of
3635:(in Polish). Vol. 2, no. 13. pp. 117–118.
3235:
3820:"Story Landscape – Kladsko Borderland, Glatz Borderlan"
3727:(Geomorphologic areas of the Czech Republic), KČT Tábor
3124:
The Baiuvarii and Thuringi: An ethnographic Perspective
3006:(in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 21 December 2015.
2062:, Soviet and Jewish, but also French, Yugoslav, Czech,
941:
The Czech name "Čechy" is derived from the name of the
2489:
1917:
Bohemia (westernmost area) in Czechoslovakia 1918–1938
1645:
History of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1648–1867)
1641:
History of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1526–1648)
1591:
began to lay the groundwork for an agreement with the
1436:, Central Europe's first university, two years later.
1357:
was granted fief of the Kingdom of Bohemia by Emperor
1093:
Bohemia, like neighboring Bavaria, is named after the
1998:
1376:(1158), but their heirs would return to the title of
1287:
Bohemia was made a part of the early Slavic state of
974:
An 1892 map showing Bohemia proper outlined in pink,
457:, in which case the smaller region is referred to as
362:
3489:
3037:
3035:
2949:
2947:
2945:
1471:, and several small towns scattered around Germany.
1196:, via the Elbe and Pannonia to Italy, recorded in a
332:
3776:
Geschichte des Oberlausitzer Adels und seiner Güter
3157:
3004:"Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011"
2179:, former Czech prime minister and president of the
1756:in 1620, 27 Bohemian estates leaders together with
797:; the Bohemian-Moravian border roughly follows the
347:
341:
338:
52:
3346:Petr Charvát: "Zrod Českého státu" , March 2007,
3032:
2993:, 1/1993 Sb. (Constitution of the Czech Republic)
2942:
2863:The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05
872:. The name appears to consist of the tribal name
531:, which became a separate state in 1993 with the
4117:
3881:Panek, Jaroslav; Tuma, Oldrich (2nd ed., 2019).
3286:. Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe. 1999. p. 163.
1479:. In the mining town of Sankt Joachimsthal (now
1122:and other Suebic groups were led by their king,
3876:Bohemia and Moravia: An Architectural Companion
3203:
2797:"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024"
1146:, which was sometimes partly controlled by the
910:was apparently isolated to the area where King
3386:von Arburg, Adrian. "Abschied und Neubeginn".
3151:
1165:(in the Helvetian desert), and the Bavarians (
3965:
3363:
3197:
2955:Krajské uspořádání? Vadí i po čtrnácti letech
2380:in 1763. Referred to as "Little Prague", the
1804:Czech was spoken in much of the countryside.
1618:declared the compacts to be invalid in 1462.
1432:, became King of Bohemia in 1346. He founded
3453:. University of Michigan Press. p. 103.
3405:. University of Michigan Press. p. 100.
2878:. The Macmillan Company. 1902. p. 331.
2826:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
2403:minority present in the western part of the
1897:in 1866, Hungarian politicians achieved the
1546:was sentenced to be burnt at the stake as a
1380:. The title of king became hereditary under
515:The remainder of Czech territory became the
190:Bohemia (green) overlapped with the current
3229:
1987:into one state. Under its first president,
1925:Linguistic map of interwar Czechoslovakia (
1694:, who made Prague again the capital of the
1192:, who moved over many generations from the
923:
38:
3972:
3958:
1412:The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia
1271:History of Bohemia in the High Middle Ages
3944:Travel Destinations and Sights in Bohemia
3742:Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
3674:
3672:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
2485:, which is referred to as "Little Prague"
1081:Learn how and when to remove this message
4141:Historical regions in the Czech Republic
3043:The Celts: Origins, Myth, and Inventions
3018:"Results of the 2021 Census - Open data"
2493:
2472:
2313:
2274:were initially a part of Bohemia in the
2175:system that has been in use since 2000.
2130:
1920:
1912:
1806:
1782:in 1618 with other Bohemian Crown lands
1767:
1648:
1610:in 1436. That happened in the so-called
1521:
1407:
1274:
969:
496:, the whole of Bohemia became a part of
3817:
3464:
3448:
3400:
3368:. Purdue University Press. p. 156.
1180:Other groups pushed southwards towards
527:. In 1990, the name was changed to the
472:, later an independent principality, a
246:52,065 km (20,102 sq mi)
16:Historical region in the Czech Republic
4118:
3898:The Coasts of Bohemia: A Czech History
3787:
3785:
3773:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3669:
3647:
3385:
3372:
2918:
2916:
2058:, in which both men and women, mostly
1261:united "slavic" ethnic consciousness.
1157:In late classical times and the early
838:. The Romans defeated the Boii at the
567:
420:
3953:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3630:
3541:
3539:
3513:
3511:
3319:Poznań Society of Friends of Learning
3117:
1859:chose leftist representatives, while
1747:James I of England and VI of Scotland
1526:The radical Hussites became known as
1403:
777:, respectively), in the northeast by
519:and was subsequently occupied as the
399:
378:
3919:Province of Bohemia official website
3126:, Boydell & Brewer, p. 18,
2977:
2425:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Prague
2394:Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts
1849:first German Parliament at Frankfurt
1826:At the end of the 18th century, the
1634:
1019:adding citations to reliable sources
990:
914:'s kingdom was centered, within the
830:with various peoples, including the
3782:
3730:
3325:from the original on 3 October 2023
3290:from the original on 3 October 2023
3259:from the original on 3 October 2023
3214:from the original on 3 October 2023
3181:from the original on 3 October 2023
3140:from the original on 3 October 2023
2913:
2882:from the original on 3 October 2023
2490:Historical administrative divisions
2286:in 1255. In 1346, it co-formed the
2021:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
1899:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
1893:After the defeat of Austria in the
1118:In the area of modern Bohemia, the
521:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
13:
3846:
3760:
3536:
3508:
3099:from the original on 18 April 2003
2172:Constitution of the Czech Republic
2079:assassination of Reinhard Heydrich
1999:German occupation and World War II
1517:
1301:Christianization of the population
1264:
986:
562:
548:Constitution of the Czech Republic
14:
4152:
3912:
3245:. Adolf M. Hakkert. p. 326.
2930:from the original on 20 June 2012
2789:
2442:). The area, entirely within the
2407:, which was called the region's "
2115:
1447:controlled such diverse lands as
1353:was definitively reasserted when
480:, and subsequently a part of the
433:) is the westernmost and largest
28:Historical land in Czech Republic
4066:
4051:
4040:
4026:
4015:
4001:
3980:
3596:Megargee; Overmans; Vogt, p. 274
3242:Byzantium in the seventh century
2440:turistická oblast Kladské pomezí
2423:, the area remained part of the
1888:Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
1752:After Frederick's defeat in the
1424:(in the Czech Republic known as
995:
826:were competing for dominance in
781:(in Poland), and in the east by
328:
199:
184:
167:
155:
110:
103:
92:
85:
4136:Geography of the Czech Republic
3811:
3711:
3692:
3624:
3599:
3590:
3564:
3551:Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica
3483:
3458:
3442:
3426:
3410:
3394:
3357:
3340:
3305:
3274:
3120:"The Boii, Bavaria and Bohemia"
3111:
3085:
3055:
3010:
2996:
2241:
1765:city of the Holy Roman Empire.
1673:Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia
1006:needs additional citations for
900:), indicating a Proto-Germanic
3900:. Princeton University Press.
2894:
2866:
2857:
2832:
2807:
2290:along with five most dominant
2091:Buchenwald concentration camps
2072:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
2056:Flossenbürg concentration camp
2034:for Jews, the Dulag Luft Ost,
1908:
1463:, Brandenburg, an area around
858:. The earliest mention was by
822:In the second century BC, the
494:independent Czechoslovak state
1:
3421:. Klartext. pp. 197–198.
3283:Acta archaeologica Carpathica
3204:Gyula Moravcsik, ed. (1949).
2902:Co vlastně slavíme 28. října?
2782:
1926:
1811:Detailed map of Bohemia, 1742
930:also mentioned the region as
192:regions of the Czech Republic
3883:A History of the Czech Lands
2964:, Deník.cz, 2 January 2014,
2875:The Cambridge Modern History
2446:, was formerly known as the
2368:in 1278–1290 and 1327–1341.
1875:developed among the Czechs.
1735:Electorate of the Palatinate
1702:, which confirmed the older
1434:Charles University in Prague
840:Battle of Placentia (194 BC)
811:
517:Second Czechoslovak Republic
492:and the establishment of an
7:
3856:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
3633:The Warsaw Institute Review
3547:"Subcamps of KL Groß-Rosen"
3523:KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg
3465:Preclík, Vratislav (2019).
3045:. Tempus Publishing, 2003.
2838:There is no distinction in
2745:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
2726:
2030:, the Germans operated the
1341:of Bohemia was granted the
1200:a time spent in "Bainaib".
461:as a means of distinction.
443:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
205:Location of Bohemia in the
10:
4157:
3699:Seznam železničních stanic
2760:History of the Czech lands
2755:Province of German Bohemia
2376:since its conquest by the
2329:
2325:
2270:) in modern south-eastern
1995:and Hungarian minorities.
1967:, which combined Bohemia,
1721:in Bohemia, the resulting
1638:
1326:, eventually becoming the
1318:, which devolved from the
1268:
962:History of the Czech lands
959:
955:
818:Name of the Czech Republic
815:
502:Republic of German-Austria
18:
3993:
3704:27 September 2016 at the
3685:27 September 2016 at the
3576:aussenlager-buchenwald.de
3449:Murdock, Caitlin (2010).
3401:Murdock, Caitlin (2010).
2960:27 September 2016 at the
2777:List of Bohemian monarchs
2766:Kingdom Come: Deliverance
2372:has been again a part of
2364:under rule of the Polish
2246:
2225:region, and parts of the
2217:, as well as most of the
2085:. In the spring of 1945,
2070:, and 16 subcamps of the
1713:and then King of Bohemia
1398:Mongol invasion of Europe
966:History of Czechoslovakia
922:in his 10th-century work
844:Battle of Mutina (193 BC)
738:
580:—
533:breakup of Czechoslovakia
300:
283:
271:
263:
255:
250:
242:
237:
225:
213:
198:
183:
151:
125:From top, left to right:
78:
69:
33:
3774:Knothe, Hermann (1879).
3718:Geomorfologické celky ČR
3437:. Klartext. p. 203.
3366:The Germans and the East
3237:Andreas Nikolaou Stratos
3207:De administrando imperio
3079:24 February 2021 at the
3068:25 February 2021 at the
3026:Czech Statistical Office
2907:12 November 2017 at the
2819:23 November 2018 at the
2801:Czech Statistical Office
1754:Battle of White Mountain
1671:After the death of King
1653:Bohemia as the heart of
1534:that became their center
1279:The coat of arms of the
926:De Administrando Imperio
525:Czech Socialist Republic
21:Bohemia (disambiguation)
3655:"Portál veřejné správy"
3611:Liberation Route Europe
3095:. Thelatinlibrary.com.
3061:Pliny 3.146 and Strabo
2989:26 January 2018 at the
2971:27 January 2018 at the
2303:and the Lower Silesian
2186:Bohemia thus remains a
1725:led to outbreak of the
1552:Sigismund of Luxembourg
765:), and in the north by
430:
417:
267:130/km (340/sq mi)
53:
3607:"Liberation of Pilsen"
3118:Green, Dennis (2014),
2984:Ústava České republiky
2966:compare maps and texts
2719:
2705:
2691:
2671:
2656:
2642:
2628:
2614:
2600:
2582:
2568:
2549:
2535:
2521:
2505:of Bohemia during the
2499:
2486:
2481:, the capital city of
2467:
2455:
2439:
2353:
2345:
2322:
2267:
2259:
2139:
1933:
1918:
1884:Margraviate of Moravia
1833:enlightened absolutism
1828:Czech National Revival
1812:
1800:
1668:
1628:Zdeněk Lev of Rožmitál
1538:During the ecumenical
1535:
1498:intermediated between
1443:. Under his rule, the
1413:
1284:
983:
924:
884:"home" (whence Gothic
396:
375:
39:
3923:Czech Catholic Church
3896:Sayer, Derek (1998).
3818:interactive, inCUBE.
2772:Lech, Czech, and Rus'
2497:
2476:
2421:Roman Catholic Church
2317:
2284:Ottokar II of Bohemia
2134:
2040:prisoner-of-war camps
2032:Theresienstadt Ghetto
1924:
1916:
1810:
1771:
1652:
1583:and the more fanatic
1574:After Žižka's death,
1525:
1411:
1384:(1198). His grandson
1316:East Frankish Kingdom
1278:
973:
960:Further information:
554:Historical population
302: • Summer (
3878:. Faber & Faber.
3874:Knox, Brian (1962).
3852:Agnew, Hugh (2004).
3824:www.kladskepomezi.cz
3665:on 28 December 2019.
3321:. 2003. p. 13.
2297:Electorate of Saxony
2096:In May 1945, Allied
1873:romantic nationalism
1540:Council of Constance
1530:, after the town of
1467:called New Bohemia,
1428:) in 1310. His son,
1363:Bolesław I of Poland
1291:, under the rule of
1015:improve this article
918:. Byzantine Emperor
264: • Density
19:For other uses, see
4131:Geography of Europe
4098: /
3885:. Karolinum Press.
3854:The Czechs and the
3159:Mykhailo Hrushevsky
3093:"Tacitus: Germania"
2356:) in south-western
2163:" later that year.
1985:Carpathian Ruthenia
1895:Austro-Prussian War
1700:Maiestas Rudolphina
1623:George of Poděbrady
1608:freedom of religion
1504:East Central German
1418:House of Luxembourg
870:Velleius Paterculus
555:
3946:at Amazing Czechia
3723:2 May 2016 at the
2507:Kingdom of Bohemia
2500:
2487:
2378:Kingdom of Prussia
2323:
2140:
2011:) were annexed to
1934:
1919:
1880:Kingdom of Bohemia
1845:Revolution of 1848
1813:
1801:
1774:Kingdom of Bohemia
1762:Charles University
1704:Confessio Bohemica
1679:in 1526, Archduke
1669:
1536:
1441:Holy Roman Emperor
1414:
1404:Luxembourg dynasty
1355:Jaromír of Bohemia
1345:by German emperor
1335:Battle of Lechfeld
1320:Carolingian Empire
1285:
984:
757:), in the west by
553:
256: • Total
243: • Total
4081:
4080:
4076:
4075:
3906:978-0-69105-760-6
3891:978-8-02462-227-9
3501:978-0-253-06089-1
3476:978-80-87173-47-3
3174:978-1-895571-19-6
2734:Bohemian Rhapsody
2392:, one of several
2332:County of Kladsko
2188:historical region
2161:Velvet Revolution
2157:Pope John Paul II
2110:Potsdam Agreement
1791:Holy Roman Empire
1729:in 1618. Elector
1727:Thirty Years' War
1685:Habsburg monarchy
1661:Sebastian Münster
1635:Habsburg Monarchy
1612:Compacts of Basel
1422:John I of Bohemia
1351:Holy Roman Empire
1328:Holy Roman Empire
1305:Přemyslid dynasty
1283:(until 1253–1262)
1281:Přemyslid dynasty
1091:
1090:
1083:
1065:
743:
742:
482:Habsburg monarchy
478:Holy Roman Empire
435:historical region
422:[ˈtʃɪska]
401:[ˈbøːmən]
321:
320:
4148:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4070:
4055:
4044:
4030:
4019:
4005:
3996:
3995:
3984:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3951:
3950:
3940:, 11 April 2002)
3859:. Hoover Press,
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3826:. Archived from
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3797:Hrádek nad Nisou
3789:
3780:
3779:
3771:
3758:
3757:
3737:
3728:
3715:
3709:
3696:
3690:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3661:. Archived from
3651:
3645:
3644:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3515:
3506:
3505:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3430:
3424:
3422:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3383:
3370:
3369:
3361:
3355:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3317:. Vol. 44.
3309:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3295:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3219:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3089:
3083:
3059:
3053:
3039:
3030:
3029:
3028:. 27 March 2021.
3014:
3008:
3007:
3000:
2994:
2981:
2975:
2951:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2920:
2911:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2855:
2836:
2830:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2793:
2468:Adršpašské skály
2336:The area around
2192:Central Bohemian
2153:Agnes of Bohemia
2126:Klement Gottwald
2005:Munich Agreement
1942:German Bohemians
1931:
1928:
1851:. Towns between
1798:
1796:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1760:, rector of the
1743:Elizabeth Stuart
1677:Battle of Mohács
1601:Battle of Lipany
1576:Prokop the Great
1205:Migration Period
1086:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1023:
999:
991:
980:Austrian Silesia
929:
916:Hercynian forest
773:(in Germany and
739:Source: Censuses
569:
564:
556:
552:
424:
411:
410:
409:
403:
390:
389:
388:
382:
380:[ˈtʃɛxɪ]
366:
360:
359:
356:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
307:
203:
188:
171:
159:
127:Karlštejn Castle
114:
107:
96:
89:
64:
56:
50:
42:
31:
30:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4116:
4115:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4046:
4038:
4021:
4013:
3989:
3978:
3915:
3849:
3847:Further reading
3844:
3843:
3833:
3831:
3830:on 3 April 2012
3816:
3812:
3802:
3800:
3791:
3790:
3783:
3772:
3761:
3738:
3731:
3725:Wayback Machine
3716:
3712:
3706:Wayback Machine
3697:
3693:
3687:Wayback Machine
3677:
3670:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3629:
3625:
3615:
3613:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3517:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3488:
3484:
3477:
3467:Masaryk a legie
3463:
3459:
3447:
3443:
3431:
3427:
3415:
3411:
3399:
3395:
3384:
3373:
3362:
3358:
3345:
3341:
3328:
3326:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3293:
3291:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3262:
3260:
3253:
3234:
3230:
3217:
3215:
3202:
3198:
3184:
3182:
3175:
3156:
3152:
3143:
3141:
3134:
3116:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3081:Wayback Machine
3072:, but also see
3070:Wayback Machine
3063:7.1 290 and 292
3060:
3056:
3040:
3033:
3022:Public Database
3016:
3015:
3011:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2991:Wayback Machine
2982:
2978:
2973:Wayback Machine
2962:Wayback Machine
2952:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2909:Wayback Machine
2899:
2895:
2885:
2883:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2837:
2833:
2821:Wayback Machine
2812:
2808:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2750:Flag of Bohemia
2729:
2492:
2432:Náchod District
2334:
2328:
2288:Lusatian League
2249:
2244:
2122:simple majority
2118:
2038:and Stalag 359
2017:Slovak Republic
2001:
1929:
1911:
1821:Habsburg Empire
1794:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1723:Bohemian Revolt
1647:
1639:Main articles:
1637:
1593:Catholic Church
1520:
1518:Hussite Bohemia
1426:Jan Lucemburský
1406:
1312:Frankish rulers
1273:
1267:
1265:Přemysl dynasty
1258:manorial system
1239:Other sources (
1152:Marcus Aurelius
1087:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1024:
1022:
1012:
1000:
989:
987:Ancient Bohemia
978:in yellow, and
968:
958:
920:Constantine VII
820:
814:
795:Giant Mountains
787:Bohemian Forest
486:Austrian Empire
405:
404:
384:
383:
364:
331:
327:
301:
209:
194:
179:
178:
177:
176:
165:
164:
147:
146:
120:
119:
118:
117:
116:
115:
108:
99:
98:
97:
90:
74:
72:Historical land
65:
58:
51:
44:
36:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4154:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4073:
4058:
4049:
4047:
4032:
4024:
4022:
4007:
3999:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3977:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3941:
3925:
3914:
3913:External links
3911:
3910:
3909:
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3879:
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3409:
3393:
3371:
3356:
3339:
3314:Slavia antiqua
3304:
3273:
3251:
3228:
3196:
3173:
3150:
3132:
3110:
3084:
3054:
3041:Collis, John.
3031:
3009:
2995:
2976:
2953:Petr Jeřábek:
2941:
2912:
2893:
2865:
2856:
2831:
2806:
2803:. 17 May 2024.
2787:
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2604:
2586:
2572:
2561:Hradec Králové
2558:
2553:
2539:
2525:
2491:
2488:
2477:A panorama of
2460:Adršpach rocks
2444:Czech Republic
2405:Kłodzko Valley
2390:Czechoslovakia
2384:region on the
2382:Kłodzko Valley
2330:Main article:
2327:
2324:
2318:A panorama of
2292:Upper Lusatian
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2236:local dialects
2231:South Moravian
2223:South Bohemian
2212:Hradec Králové
2204:Ústí nad Labem
2168:Velvet Divorce
2135:Bohemian city
2117:
2116:Recent history
2114:
2003:Following the
2000:
1997:
1965:Czechoslovakia
1954:Czechoslovakia
1910:
1907:
1709:After Emperor
1636:
1633:
1519:
1516:
1445:Bohemian crown
1405:
1402:
1347:Otto the Great
1269:Main article:
1266:
1263:
1220:left Bohemia (
1198:tribal history
1089:
1088:
1003:
1001:
994:
988:
985:
957:
954:
878:Proto-Germanic
854:called it) as
834:-Celtic tribe
828:northern Italy
813:
810:
741:
740:
736:
735:
732:
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724:
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581:
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570:
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560:
529:Czech Republic
498:Czechoslovakia
464:Bohemia was a
459:Bohemia proper
447:Bohemian kings
439:Czech Republic
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37:
34:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4153:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4114:
4111:
4071:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4061:Czech Silesia
4057:
4054:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4029:
4023:
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4018:
4012:
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3888:
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3877:
3873:
3870:
3869:0-8179-4491-5
3866:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3814:
3798:
3794:
3793:"20. století"
3788:
3786:
3777:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3755:
3751:
3747:
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3714:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3695:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3664:
3660:
3659:portal.gov.cz
3656:
3650:
3642:
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3634:
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3478:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3452:
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3436:
3429:
3420:
3413:
3404:
3397:
3389:
3382:
3380:
3378:
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3367:
3360:
3353:
3352:80-7021-845-2
3349:
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3320:
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3308:
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3289:
3285:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3258:
3254:
3252:9789025607487
3248:
3244:
3243:
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3232:
3225:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3200:
3193:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3154:
3139:
3135:
3133:9781843839156
3129:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3051:0-7524-2913-2
3048:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3005:
2999:
2992:
2988:
2985:
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2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2662:Podbrdsko at
2661:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2496:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2456:Jiráskův kraj
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2374:Lower Silesia
2371:
2367:
2366:Piast dynasty
2363:
2362:Lower Silesia
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2301:Bohemian lion
2298:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2280:Lower Silesia
2278:(and briefly
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2146:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2087:death marches
2084:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:Tomáš Masaryk
1986:
1982:
1979:(present-day
1978:
1977:Upper Hungary
1974:
1973:Czech Silesia
1970:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1958:fait accompli
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1923:
1915:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1809:
1805:
1792:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1656:Europa regina
1651:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1597:war-weariness
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1496:Prague German
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:Lower Lusatia
1458:
1457:Upper Lusatia
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:Vladislaus II
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1359:King Henry II
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:Great Moravia
1282:
1277:
1272:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1099:Celtic nation
1096:
1085:
1082:
1074:
1071:November 2022
1063:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1032: –
1031:
1027:
1026:Find sources:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1004:This section
1002:
998:
993:
992:
981:
977:
972:
967:
963:
953:
951:
947:
944:
939:
937:
933:
928:
927:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
903:
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891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
866:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
819:
809:
807:
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:Ore Mountains
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
751:Lower Austria
748:
737:
733:
730:
727:
726:
722:
719:
716:
715:
711:
708:
705:
704:
700:
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664:
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628:
627:
623:
620:
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612:
609:
606:
605:
601:
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595:
594:
590:
587:
584:
583:
579:
576:
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572:
566:
561:
558:
557:
551:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:Great Moravia
467:
462:
460:
456:
455:Czech Silesia
452:
448:
445:ruled by the
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
419:
415:
414:Upper Sorbian
408:
402:
398:
394:
387:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:
358:
325:
316:
312:
309:
305:
299:
295:
291:
288:
286:
282:
279:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
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241:
236:
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230:
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202:
197:
193:
187:
182:
175:
170:
163:
158:
150:
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138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
124:
123:
113:
106:
95:
88:
77:
73:
68:
62:
61:Upper Sorbian
55:
48:
41:
32:
26:
22:
4083:
4065:
4059:
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2200:Karlovy Vary
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2028:World War II
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2002:
1962:
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1946:German state
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1500:Upper German
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1324:East Francia
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3937:In Our Time
3932:BBC Radio 4
3578:(in German)
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2900:Jiří Pehe:
2846:means both
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1372:(1085) and
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3803:5 November
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3616:5 November
3582:5 November
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3528:5 November
3519:"Subcamps"
3354:, in Czech
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484:and the
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956:History
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