293:
3515:
1306:
4165:
345:
As the majority of
Singaporeans live in such housing environments, which have families coming from various linguistic, racial and ethnic backgrounds, there is a tendency for different languages to be mixed in order to facilitate more effective communication between the different races. In short, it
1242:
Since
English is the main working and educational language of Singapore, many Chinese Singaporeans are more familiar with the English professional terminology (technical terms) used at work, rather than that of Mandarin. This led to many Chinese Singaporeans tending to mix large numbers of English
284:. Furthermore, most non-Chinese Singaporeans are also generally able to understand or speak Singdarin due to many of its phrases and words being widely used in common parlance throughout Singapore, including words which were initially not of Mandarin origin but subsequently adopted into Singdarin.
314:
equivalent, Singdarin evolved because many
Singaporean Chinese families come from mixed language environments. For instance, children may be raised in households in which one parent speaks English or Malay while the other speaks Chinese or coming for other Chinese dialects, such as Hokkien or
353:
This and the tendency for the
Singaporean Chinese people to use the mixed language that they use at home in daily colloquial conversation has since influenced the Mandarin spoken in schools, resulting in "Singdarin" being formed. It was in this environment that Singdarin developed.
1243:
professional terms into
Mandarin at work, instead of using Chinese technical terms. As such, a form of Singdarin spoken at work appears, resulting in some degree of communication barrier at work between the Chinese Singaporeans and the Chinese from China or Taiwan.
337:
of
Chinese, Malays, Indians and other different ethnicities who speak different languages. This is believed to reduce differences between the diverse linguistic and ethnic groups in Singapore, and to ensure
329:
Therefore, instead of letting certain ethnic groups to live in isolated communities like they did in the past, the
Singapore government encourages the majority of Singaporeans that live in state
318:
Singdarin has also evolved largely because
Singapore is a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic and multi-lingual society. One of the most important policies of the Singaporean government is to foster
296:
It is believed that
Singadrin, like Singlish, further developed due to the government's policy of high density public housing of Singaporeans of different ethnic groups living together.
2393:
2938:
2900:
3640:
2422:
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regions. However, such campaigns have been toned down in recent years in response to push-back by
Singaporeans, expressing the uniqueness of Singdarin in
3447:
3437:
3442:
3201:
2749:
3356:
1722:
1091:
originate from Teochew (死父, literally meaning dead father and hence in such a context, "on my dead father") and has the general meaning of 'damn'.
1632:
1827:
1689:
1606:
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2713:
4197:
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96:
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1508:
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3871:
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249:(SMC), as it believed in the need for Singaporeans to be able to communicate effectively with other Chinese speakers from
3713:
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Today, Singdarin remains often used and is commonly spoken in colloquial speech in Singapore and occasionally even on
1660:
4192:
3793:
1708:
2500:
2143:
1376:
495:
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Comparison between Singdarin spoken at work in Singapore and Mandarin spoken at work in China is shown below:
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3563:
1919:
1778:
1368:
1349:
242:
4168:
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305:
4126:
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3615:
2117:
3678:
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330:
301:
234:, there are significant divergences and differences especially in its pronunciation and vocabulary.
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2303:
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If you dismantle the fire sprinkler inside the server room, will the fire department approve it?
246:
238:
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3906:
3998:
3841:
2439:
1986:
1806:
1731:
1524:
1329:
1030:
Just like Singlish, certain words used in Singlish are also interchangeably used in Singdarin.
76:
1064:
3993:
3916:
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3608:
2363:
2196:
1832:
1525:"重视新加坡本土华语的文化意义 (Attending to the cultural significance of Colloquial Singaporean Mandarin)"
3761:
3729:
3558:
2683:
2178:
2041:
1944:
1339:
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someone who has not been exposed to the society and is not well-informed about many things
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111:
24:
1381:
1070:
8:
4005:
3971:
3806:
3773:
3620:
3548:
3465:
3306:
3301:
3055:
2865:
2371:
2097:
2019:
2014:
1927:
1902:
1546:
Cavallaro, Francesco; Seilhamer, Mark Fifer; Yen Yee, Ho; Bee Chin, Ng (10 August 2018).
1477:
1334:
1319:
315:
Cantonese. Indian languages such as Tamil were also commonly heard in such environments.
199:
362:
Below are some examples of Singdarin dialogue spoken amongst some Chinese Singaporeans.
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1994:
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81:
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2009:
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leads to the creation of a hybrid culture (known colloquially as the Singaporean "
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2004:
1999:
1969:
1937:
1907:
1633:"Ethnic Integration Policy and SPR Quota – Housing & Development Board (HDB)"
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101:
68:
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in its vocabulary. There are also words from other Chinese languages such as
3816:
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2219:
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1700:
334:
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1572:
280:, likewise with most Singaporeans in general with Singlish and standard
3377:
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1822:
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and multi-ethnic harmony, and prevent neglected areas or districts and
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59:
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from Hokkien word "suaku 山龜" (literally "tortoise on the mountain")
4116:
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2524:
2128:
1842:
1344:
988:
926:
The following are the common English loan words used in Singdarin.
311:
20:
4148:
4015:
3695:
3582:
3411:
3007:
1545:
1274:
Server room 里面的 fire sprinkler 拆了，你們的 fire department 會 allow 嗎？
219:
4074:
3876:
2057:
1427:
1392:
254:
3587:
1959:
347:
241:
had previously discouraged the use of Singdarin in favour of
1108:
originate from Singaporean Hokkien vulgar word "wa lan eh
1137:
originate from Singaporean Hokkien vulgar word "guai lan
1120:" (literally 'my father') is a more polite variant of it.
744:
Not long, 6 months. I'm thinking of finding another job.
1269:
Your cable tray needs to be lined up along the ceiling
1548:"Attitudes to Mandarin Chinese varieties in Singapore"
1607:"11 Things You Should Know About Singaporean Culture"
818:
Maybe next year when I complete my accounting course
272:, and most Chinese-speaking Singaporeans are able to
1301:
982:
Eh！蛋糕可以跟我share嗎？ (Can you share your cake with me?)
971:
Actually, 我本來要去的！ (Actually, I wanted to go there!)
1501:《新加坡: 蛻變的四十年》 (Singapore: The Changing Forty Years)
1237:
997:你知道嗎？他弄到我很blur！ (Do you know he makes all at sea?)
1498:
230:. While Singdarin grammar is largely identical to
1025:
357:
4179:
1291:The weather today is too hot! It's unbearable!
2144:
1716:
1138:
1115:
1109:
1074:" (cannot) and Malay word "tahan" (tolerate)
888:
868:
848:
828:
796:
775:
754:
722:
702:
681:
661:
641:
610:
590:
570:
550:
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510:
501:Raffles Place, located near the MRT station.
476:
456:
421:
401:
380:
3943:
1447:
1062:formed by combination of Hokkien word "beh
1019:That's why 我很討厭他! (That's why I hate him!)
4164:
3934:
2151:
2137:
1730:
1723:
1709:
1452:'Sing colloquial Chinese language'
1571:
1325:Hokkien influence on Singaporean Mandarin
198:similar to its English-based counterpart
291:
3859:
1655:
1653:
1600:
1598:
1442:
1407:
918:Usually the word 'station' is omitted.
4180:
1552:Journal of Asian Pacific Communication
1252:Singdarin spoken at work in Singapore
1008:Anyway, 我一定要/該去! (Anyway, I must go!)
632:How long have you been working there?
2132:
1704:
1114:" (literally 'my dick'). "Wa lau eh
949:But 他很聰明leh！ (But he's very clever!)
2158:
1650:
1604:
1595:
1503:. Taiwan: 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. p. 54.
921:
1637:Housing and Development Board (HDB)
1499:顧長永 (Gu Changyong) (25 July 2006).
1077:哇！袂 tahan 咧! (wa, beh tahan leh!)
13:
14:
4219:
4208:Chinese-based pidgins and creoles
1683:
1255:Mandarin spoken at work in China
4163:
3641:Literary and colloquial readings
3513:
1304:
1238:Usage of English technical terms
1174:incorrect/something went wrong
180:Colloquial Singaporean Mandarin
40:Colloquial Singaporean Mandarin
4198:Chinese languages in Singapore
1625:
1539:
1517:
1492:
1466:
1432:
1413:
1397:
1380:
1372:
1362:
1231:那個東西不懂被誰弄到亂七八糟，sibei jialat!
1143:" (literally 'strange dick').
1026:Loanwords from other languages
898:
887:
878:
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858:
847:
838:
827:
806:
795:
785:
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732:
721:
712:
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691:
680:
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640:
620:
609:
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589:
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569:
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486:
475:
466:
455:
431:
420:
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379:
358:Examples of Singdarin dialogue
1:
1695:Singaporean Mandarin Database
1605:Kaur, Tarra (23 March 2018).
1459:
1350:Standard Singaporean Mandarin
1263:你的 cable tray 要從 ceiling 上走。
960:Then, 他就來了！ (Then he comes!)
243:Standard Singaporean Mandarin
194:dialect native and unique to
4169:List of varieties of Chinese
1139:
1116:
1110:
1069:
1063:
909:But I'm going for my dinner
7:
1297:
1134:annoying/irritating person
825:
751:
639:
508:
450:
378:
306:Public housing in Singapore
10:
4224:
4127:Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
1697:– Promote Mandarin Council
1690:Video example of Singdarin
1476:. 《三联生活周刊》. Archived from
1287:
1285:今天 sibeh 热咧！Buay Tahan 啦！
1284:
1276:
1273:
1265:
1262:
1230:
1221:
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1204:
1196:
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1055:
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1007:
1004:
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993:
981:
978:
970:
967:
959:
956:
948:
945:
911:
820:
746:
634:
503:
445:
299:
287:
206:but has a large amount of
18:
4161:
4045:
4014:
3925:
3850:
3792:
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3687:
3649:
3596:
3522:
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3216:
3135:
3110:
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3006:
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2899:
2890:
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2817:
2777:
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2438:
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2302:
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2228:
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2166:
2118:Singaporean Sign Language
2110:
2050:
1985:
1918:
1863:
1856:
1815:
1796:
1761:
1745:
1738:
1423:
1408:hsin chia p'o shih hua yü
889:
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849:
829:
797:
776:
755:
723:
703:
682:
662:
642:
611:
591:
571:
551:
531:
511:
477:
457:
422:
402:
381:
302:Demographics of Singapore
163:
144:
139:
65:
55:
46:
39:
34:
1355:
1277:機房裡面的消防灑水拆了，你們的消防局會批准嗎？
1039:Standard Mandarin words
935:Standard Mandarin words
19:Not to be confused with
1663:. 联合早报网. Archived from
1197:這個地方這麼 ulu ，連一隻鬼影都沒有!
247:Speak Mandarin Campaign
4193:Languages of Singapore
1732:Languages of Singapore
1564:10.1075/japc.00010.cav
1330:Languages of Singapore
443:Where is your office?
297:
276:between Singdarin and
239:Singaporean government
295:
4203:Culture of Singapore
1797:Indigenous languages
1480:on 12 September 2010
1443:hsing shih chung wen
1340:Singaporean Mandarin
1258:English translation
1123:Walao eh, 你怎麼可以這樣？
747:沒多久，六個月。我想找一份新（的）工作
371:English translation
182:, commonly known as
112:Singaporean Mandarin
25:Singaporean Mandarin
1857:Immigrant languages
1377:traditional Chinese
1335:Singaporean Hokkien
1320:Chinese Singaporean
1266:你的電線橋架要在天花板天花板上鋪設。
1146:他sibeh guai lan的！
368:Singdarin dialogue
263:Singaporean culture
16:Linguistic register
4122:Cantonese Bopomofo
3989:Chinese characters
3917:Written Sichuanese
2501:Zhangjiakou–Hohhot
1611:theculturetrip.com
1369:simplified Chinese
1214:那位顧客sibeh terok！
1180:計算機salah了 !
1105:my gosh/oh my god
938:Examples of usage
932:English loanwords
815:accounting course
741:find another job.
374:Standard Mandarin
298:
4175:
4174:
4157:
4156:
3984:
3983:
3902:Written Cantonese
3897:
3896:
3679:Classical grammar
3674:Cantonese grammar
3509:
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3406:
3405:
3212:
3211:
3131:
3130:
2993:
2992:
2700:
2699:
2487:
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2377:Chengdu–Chongqing
2170:Sinitic languages
2126:
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2106:
2105:
1792:
1791:
1527:. 華語橋 (Huayuqiao)
1510:978-957-11-4398-9
1450:
1398:Xīnjiāpōshì Huáyǔ
1295:
1294:
1288:今天的天氣太熱了！我忍受不了了！
1235:
1234:
1225:really difficult
1048:Example of usage
1023:
1022:
946:不過 / 但（是） / 可（是）
922:English loanwords
916:
915:
504:萊佛士坊，在地鐵附近/離地鐵不遠
326:from developing.
282:Singapore English
278:Standard Mandarin
232:Standard Mandarin
202:. It is based on
177:
176:
107:Standard Mandarin
4215:
4167:
4166:
4139:Taiwanese Hangul
4028:Mainland Chinese
3941:
3940:
3932:
3931:
3857:
3856:
3534:Standard Chinese
3517:
3285:
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3004:
3003:
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2770:
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2746:
2734:
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2193:
2192:
2184:
2183:
2160:Chinese language
2153:
2146:
2139:
2130:
2129:
1861:
1860:
1816:Creole languages
1803:Johor-Riau Malay
1743:
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1434:
1433:Xīngshì Zhōngwén
1425:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1399:
1390:
1374:
1366:
1314:
1312:Singapore portal
1309:
1308:
1307:
1249:
1248:
1142:
1141:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1073:
1067:
1059:cannot tolerate
1033:
1032:
929:
928:
906:
901:
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886:
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872:
871:
866:
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628:
623:
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594:
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562:
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469:
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459:
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419:
414:
413:
405:
404:
398:
393:
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384:
383:
365:
364:
333:housing to be a
270:local television
158:
149:
97:Beijing Mandarin
71:
32:
31:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4188:Mixed languages
4178:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4153:
4090:Tongyong Pinyin
4070:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
4058:Dungan Cyrillic
4041:
4010:
3980:
3921:
3912:Written Hokkien
3893:
3852:
3846:
3822:Middle Mandarin
3788:
3708:
3683:
3645:
3592:
3525:
3518:
3505:
3454:
3402:
3361:
3338:
3274:
3208:
3127:
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2956:
2933:
2877:
2813:
2773:
2764:
2752:
2740:
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2716:
2696:
2678:
2650:
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2606:
2583:
2510:
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2358:
2298:
2270:
2247:
2224:
2173:
2162:
2157:
2127:
2122:
2102:
2046:
1981:
1914:
1852:
1811:
1788:
1757:
1734:
1729:
1686:
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1471:
1467:
1462:
1457:
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1418:
1414:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1240:
1028:
924:
360:
324:ethnic enclaves
320:social cohesion
308:
290:
156:
145:
135:
72:
69:Language family
67:
50:
48:
41:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4221:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4173:
4172:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4134:Taiwanese kana
4131:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4105:Lessing-Othmer
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4049:
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4018:
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3985:
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3907:Written Dungan
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3894:
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3886:
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3884:
3879:
3874:
3863:
3861:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3812:Middle Chinese
3809:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3779:Wubi (Wang Ma)
3776:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3749:
3744:
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3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3496:Xiangnan Tuhua
3493:
3488:
3483:
3481:Shaozhou Tuhua
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3455:
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2401:
2394:Renshou–Fushun
2391:
2390:
2389:
2379:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2359:
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2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
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2329:
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2304:Central Plains
2300:
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2263:
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2163:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2111:Sign languages
2108:
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2100:
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2022:
2017:
2012:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1942:
1941:
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1935:
1924:
1922:
1916:
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1913:
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1911:
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1740:
1739:Main languages
1736:
1735:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1685:
1684:External links
1682:
1679:
1678:
1667:on 8 July 2012
1649:
1624:
1613:. Culture Trip
1594:
1558:(2): 195–225.
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1021:
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1017:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:anyway/anyhow
999:
998:
995:
994:搞不清楚狀況 / 模糊不清
992:
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983:
980:
977:
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902:
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882:
875:
865:
862:
855:
845:
842:
835:
823:
822:
821:可能明年我修完會計課程之後
819:
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340:racial harmony
289:
286:
251:mainland China
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140:Language codes
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4053:Cyrillization
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4026:
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4021:
4019:
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3990:
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3945:Script styles
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1474:"中文·外来语来聚"掺""
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1228:from Hokkien
1227:
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1219:sibei jialat
1218:
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1163:這個人很sua ku!
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1005:反正 / 不管怎（麼）樣
1001:
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452:Raffles Place
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4075:Hanyu Pinyin
4065:Romanization
3972:Semi-cursive
3817:Old Mandarin
3774:Stroke count
3701:
3694:
3616:Old National
3568:
3459:Unclassified
2364:Southwestern
2197:Northeastern
2179:Major groups
2168:
1847:
1833:Chitty Malay
1828:Bazaar Malay
1669:. Retrieved
1665:the original
1640:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1610:
1585:. Retrieved
1573:10356/137340
1555:
1551:
1541:
1529:. Retrieved
1519:
1500:
1494:
1482:. Retrieved
1478:the original
1468:
1441:
1431:
1415:
1406:
1396:
1364:
1245:
1241:
1208:troublesome
1094:sibeh sian！
1029:
979:共享 / 分 / 分享
925:
917:
700:six months.
361:
352:
350:" culture).
344:
328:
317:
309:
267:
236:
187:
183:
179:
178:
171:
164:
152:
116:
77:Sino-Tibetan
29:
4144:Xiao'erjing
4006:Punctuation
3999:Traditional
3952:Oracle bone
3936:Logographic
3832:Proto-Hakka
3807:Eastern Han
3802:Old Chinese
3664:Classifiers
3631:Northern Wu
3559:Singaporean
2765: [
2753: [
2741: [
2729: [
2717: [
2042:Minangkabau
1642:23 December
1531:11 February
1211:from Malay
1194:from Malay
1177:from Malay
1053:buay tahan
1042:Definition
1013:That's why
635:你在那里工作多久了？
335:melting pot
274:code-switch
226:as well as
4182:Categories
4095:Wade–Giles
3994:Simplified
3889:Vernacular
3882:in Vietnam
3735:Simplified
3722:Biaoxingma
3669:Honorifics
3604:Historical
3549:Philippine
3539:Sichuanese
3466:Badong Yao
3170:Shao–Jiang
3041:Philippine
2849:Xiangxiang
2844:Shuangfeng
2589:Taizhou Wu
2372:Sichuanese
2098:Vietnamese
2015:Mandailing
1987:Indonesian
1945:Indo-Aryan
1823:Baba Malay
1617:28 October
1587:29 October
1460:References
1438:Wade–Giles
1403:Wade–Giles
1088:very/damn
1036:Loanwords
446:您的辦公室在哪裡？
300:See also:
245:under the
102:Beijingese
4033:Taiwanese
4023:Cantonese
3867:Classical
3827:Proto-Min
3762:Microsoft
3621:Cantonese
3597:Phonology
3578:Cantonese
3569:Singdarin
3554:Malaysian
3544:Taiwanese
3448:Rongjiang
3438:Yongjiang
3434:Southern
3419:Northern
3393:Luo–Guang
3302:Hong Kong
3297:Guangzhou
3253:Taiwanese
3246:Changting
3180:Zhanjiang
3094:Zhongshan
3061:Malaysian
3056:Singapore
3021:Zhangzhou
2973:Zhongshan
2866:Yong–Quan
2762:Jing-Zhan
2692:Xuancheng
2669:Jiangshan
2548:Changzhou
2469:Junjiahua
2322:Guanzhong
2205:Changchun
2027:Baweanese
2000:Banjarese
1933:Malayalam
1928:Dravidian
1883:Hainanese
1878:Cantonese
1848:Singdarin
1582:149993315
1222:非常(真假)麻煩
1128:guai lan
1099:walao eh
965:actually
794:complete
310:Like its
259:Sinophone
257:or other
216:Cantonese
196:Singapore
184:Singdarin
166:Glottolog
147:ISO 639-3
117:Singdarin
60:Singapore
35:Singdarin
4117:Bopomofo
4046:Phonetic
4038:Two-cell
3967:Clerical
3877:in Japan
3872:Adoption
3860:Official
3851:Literary
3726:Boshiamy
3703:Xiehouyu
3659:Numerals
3636:Mandarin
3564:Standard
3524:Standard
3398:Qin–Lian
3388:Yong–Xun
3373:Gao–Yang
3319:Jiujiang
3307:Malaysia
3241:Tingzhou
3192:Wenchang
3153:Jianyang
3143:Northern
3102:Sanxiang
3016:Quanzhou
2999:Southern
2968:Manjiang
2832:Changsha
2792:Nanchang
2787:Chang–Du
2684:Xuanzhou
2674:Qingtian
2628:Wencheng
2574:Jiangyin
2569:Jinxiang
2559:Shaoxing
2553:Hangzhou
2533:Shanghai
2474:Qinjiang
2382:Minjiang
2354:Xinjiang
2312:Dongping
2276:Jiaoliao
2215:Shenyang
2188:Mandarin
2078:Japanese
2073:Filipino
2063:Armenian
2037:Javanese
2032:Buginese
1995:Acehnese
1955:Gujarati
1843:Singlish
1838:Kristang
1779:Mandarin
1762:Official
1746:National
1671:1 August
1661:"新加坡式华语"
1484:1 August
1345:Singlish
1298:See also
1131:令人討厭的傢伙
1111:我𡳞呃/我膦呃
1016:所以 / 於是
989:Singlish
912:不過我要去吃飯
765:míngnián
312:Singlish
204:Mandarin
200:Singlish
192:Mandarin
188:Singnese
92:Mandarin
42:Singnese
21:Sindarin
4016:Braille
3977:Cursive
3927:Scripts
3794:History
3784:ZhengMa
3730:Cangjie
3696:Chengyu
3651:Grammar
3626:Hokkien
3583:Hokkien
3491:Waxiang
3471:Danzhou
3443:Guandao
3428:Younian
3423:Tongdao
3412:Pinghua
3352:Taishan
3268:Raoping
3236:Huizhou
3226:Meixian
3202:Banqiao
3175:Leizhou
3165:Pu–Xian
3160:Central
3148:Jian'ou
3123:Longyan
3071:Teochew
3008:Hokkien
2983:Nanlang
2939:Fu–Ning
2919:Changle
2901:Houguan
2892:Eastern
2839:Loushao
2827:Changyi
2809:Da–Tong
2804:Ying–Yi
2750:Yanzhou
2618:Wenzhou
2611:Oujiang
2602:Tiantai
2597:Taizhou
2506:Zhi–Yan
2453:Nantong
2448:Nanjing
2423:Gui–Liu
2413:Nanping
2408:Kunming
2334:Luoyang
2289:Qingdao
2261:Tianjin
2238:Beijing
2230:Beijing
2068:Burmese
2010:Angkola
1975:Sinhala
1965:Punjabi
1950:Bengali
1908:Teochew
1903:Hokkien
1898:Hokchew
1893:Henghwa
1873:Sinitic
1865:Chinese
1769:English
1420:Chinese
1191:remote
1151:sua ku
399:office
288:Origins
224:Teochew
220:Hokkien
208:English
190:, is a
87:Chinese
82:Sinitic
4085:Postal
4080:MPS II
3957:Bronze
3837:Ba–Shu
3757:Google
3752:Pinyin
3688:Idioms
3501:Yeheni
3383:Wu–Hua
3378:Goulou
3357:Xinhui
3334:Dapeng
3329:Weitou
3314:Xiguan
3289:Yuehai
3258:Sixian
3197:Haikou
3187:Hainan
3118:Zhenan
3084:Haklau
3079:Swatow
3051:Penang
3036:Taiwan
3031:Chawan
2978:Longdu
2947:Ningde
2924:Gutian
2914:Fuqing
2909:Fuzhou
2871:Qiyang
2854:Wugang
2799:Yi–Liu
2726:Xiu-Yi
2714:Ji-She
2664:Quzhou
2656:Chu–Qu
2646:Jinhua
2638:Wuzhou
2623:Rui'an
2564:Ningbo
2538:Suzhou
2428:Wuming
2399:Zigong
2387:Leshan
2349:Lanyin
2344:Dungan
2339:Xuzhou
2317:Gangou
2294:Weihai
2284:Dalian
2243:Taiwan
2210:Harbin
2088:Nepali
2083:Korean
2058:Arabic
1970:Sindhi
1938:Telugu
1920:Indian
1580:
1507:
1440::
1430::
1428:pinyin
1422::
1405::
1395::
1393:pinyin
1379::
1373:新加坡式华语
1371::
1205:難搞/困難
1202:terok
1171:錯/壞掉了
1168:salah
1140:怪𡳞/怪膦
1102:我的天啊！
1082:sibeh
1045:Notes
987:blur (
976:share
899:chīfàn
752:Maybe
601:duōjiǔ
561:nàbiān
487:kàojìn
255:Taiwan
56:Region
49:新加坡式華語
47:新加坡式华语
4149:Nüshu
3853:forms
3767:Sogou
3714:Input
3588:Hakka
3526:forms
3366:Other
3324:Shiqi
3263:Hailu
3231:Wuhua
3218:Hakka
3136:Other
3111:Other
3046:Pedan
2961:Other
2952:Fu'an
2929:Matsu
2861:Ji–Xu
2819:Xiang
2769:]
2757:]
2745:]
2738:Qi-De
2733:]
2721:]
2579:Shadi
2525:Taihu
2479:Gyami
2462:Other
2418:Wuhan
2327:Xi'an
2266:Jinan
2051:Other
2005:Batak
1960:Hindi
1888:Hakka
1784:Tamil
1774:Malay
1753:Malay
1578:S2CID
1356:Notes
1154:井底之蛙
954:then
773:when
733:xiǎng
348:rojak
228:Tamil
212:Malay
4110:Yale
4100:EFEO
3962:Seal
3747:Dayi
3344:Siyi
3026:Amoy
2543:Wuxi
2440:Huai
2253:Jilu
2093:Thai
2020:Toba
1673:2010
1644:2020
1619:2021
1589:2021
1533:2011
1505:ISBN
1486:2010
1449:lit.
1424:星式中文
1185:ulu
1056:受不了
943:but
826:But
807:wǒde
432:nǎlǐ
391:nǐde
304:and
237:The
222:and
210:and
172:None
153:None
51:星式中文
3842:Gan
3742:CKC
3609:Old
3486:She
3476:Mai
3280:Yue
2883:Min
2779:Gan
2706:Hui
2555:(?)
2493:Jin
2220:Taz
1568:hdl
1560:doi
1382:新加坡
1188:偏僻
1117:我老呃
1085:非常
968:其實
957:然後
859:yào
692:jiǔ
672:tài
581:zuò
541:zài
496:MRT
467:hěn
412:zài
331:HDB
186:or
157:mis
23:or
4184::
2767:zh
2755:zh
2743:zh
2731:zh
2719:zh
2516:Wu
1652:^
1635:.
1609:.
1597:^
1576:.
1566:.
1556:28
1554:.
1550:.
1446:;
1436:;
1426:;
1401:;
1391:;
1388:華語
1375:;
1065:𣍐
991:)
890:吃飯
879:qù
839:wǒ
798:我的
786:wǒ
756:明年
713:wǒ
652:bù
629:？
621:le
592:多久
552:那邊
521:nǐ
498:.
478:靠近
454:,
440:？
423:哪里
382:你的
342:.
265:.
253:,
218:,
2152:e
2145:t
2138:v
1724:e
1717:t
1710:v
1675:.
1646:.
1621:.
1591:.
1570::
1562::
1535:.
1513:.
1488:.
1385:式
1071:袂
1068:/
904:)
894:(
884:)
874:(
870:去
864:)
854:(
850:要
844:)
834:(
830:我
812:)
802:(
791:)
781:(
777:我
770:)
760:(
738:)
728:(
724:想
718:)
708:(
704:我
697:)
687:(
683:久
677:)
667:(
663:太
657:)
647:(
643:不
626:)
616:(
612:了
606:)
596:(
586:)
576:(
572:做
566:)
556:(
546:)
536:(
532:在
526:)
516:(
512:你
492:)
482:(
472:)
462:(
458:很
437:)
427:(
417:)
407:(
403:在
396:)
386:(
159:)
155:(
27:.
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