1708:
1821:
1813:
1474:; Jawi: باتو برسورت ترڠݢانو) is a granite stele carrying inscription in Jawi script that was found in Terengganu, Malaysia is the earliest evidence of classical Malay inscription. The inscription, dated possibly to 702 AH (corresponds to 1303 CE), constituted the earliest evidence of Jawi writing in the Malay world of Southeast Asia, and was one of the oldest testimonies to the advent of Islam as a state religion in the region. It contains the proclamation issued by a ruler of Terengganu known as Seri Paduka Tuan, urging his subjects to extend and uphold Islam and providing 10 basic Sharia laws for their guidance.
4541:
4523:
4505:
4487:
4469:
4451:
4433:
3393:
1503:. Under the Sultanate of Malacca the language evolved into a form recognisable to speakers of modern Malay. When the court moved to establish the Johor Sultanate, it continued using the classical language; it has become so associated with Dutch Riau and British Johor that it is often assumed that the Malay of Riau is close to the classical language. However, there is no closer connection between Malaccan Malay as used on Riau and the Riau vernacular.
5746:
433:
402:
420:
13521:
1636:
3745:
3327:
3922:
389:
446:
4036:
3960:
3471:
990:
3806:
1308:
3925:
3924:
3929:
3928:
3923:
4040:
3963:
4363:
Since the standardized varieties of
Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore are structurally largely identical and mostly differ in lexicon and to a lesser degree in phonetic details, the umbrella terms "Malay/Indonesian" or "Malay-Indonesian" are often used in the linguistic literature when
4038:
3962:
4044:
4042:
4037:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3930:
1652:
1586:, is also a member of this language family. Although these languages are not necessarily mutually intelligible to any extent, their similarities are often quite apparent. In more conservative languages like Malay, many roots have come with relatively little change from their common ancestor,
4043:
3968:
1605:, which were spread across Malaya and the Indonesian archipelago by Malay traders from Sumatra. There is disagreement as to which varieties of speech popularly called "Malay" should be considered dialects of this language, and which should be classified as distinct Malay languages. The
3932:
3969:
3933:
3931:
4045:
3927:
12752:
4041:
3965:
1911:
continues, however, to be widely used in professional and commercial fields and in the superior courts. Other minority languages are also commonly used by the country's large ethnic minorities. The situation in Brunei is similar to that in
Malaysia. In the
3854:
continues, however, to be widely used in professional and commercial fields and in the superior courts. Other minority languages are also commonly used by the country's large ethnic minorities. The situation in Brunei is similar to that of
Malaysia.
1647:. The text reads (Voorhoeve's spelling): "haku manangis ma / njaru ka'u ka'u di / saru tijada da / tang ", which is translated by Voorhoeve as: "I am weeping, calling you; though called, you do not come" (hitu adik sa- is the rest of 4th line.
3066:
Study by Uri Tadmor which was published in 2003 shows that mutation of ⟨a⟩ in final open syllable is an areal feature. Specifically, it is an areal feature of
Western Austronesia. Uri Tadmor classify those types into four groups as below.
1383:
The history of the Malay language can be divided into five periods: Old Malay, the
Transitional Period, the Classical Malay, Late Modern Malay and Modern Malay. Old Malay is believed to be the actual ancestor of Classical Malay.
1782:. Old Malay was written using Pallava and Kawi script, as evident from several inscription stones in the Malay region. Starting from the era of kingdom of Pasai and throughout the golden age of the Malacca Sultanate,
3833:
The extent to which Malay and related
Malayan languages are used in the countries where it is spoken varies depending on historical and cultural circumstances. Malay is the national language in Malaysia by
3524:. They have traditionally been classified as Malay, Para-Malay, and Aboriginal Malay, but this reflects geography and ethnicity rather than a proper linguistic classification. The Malayan languages are
3926:
4273:
Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan sama rata dari segi maruah dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan.
4609:
Dahlan, H. Abdullah Zaini. Kitabati, Practical
Methods for Learning to Read & Write Pegon (Kitabati, Metode Praktis Belajar Membaca & Menulis Pegon). Zaini Press. Accessed April 19, 2023.
4039:
3964:
14076:
3307:, these are separated by the verb (OVA or AVO), with the difference encoded in the voice of the verb. OVA, commonly but inaccurately called "passive", is the basic and most common word order.
1487:
era (1402–1511). It was the period the Malay language developed rapidly under the influence of
Islamic literature. The development changed the nature of the language with massive infusion of
4194:, are specific to the Indonesian and Malaysian standards, respectively, but otherwise all the words are found in both (and even those words may be found with slightly different meanings).
1954:
The consonants of
Malaysian and also Indonesian are shown below. Non-native consonants that only occur in borrowed words, principally from Arabic and English, are shown in brackets.
4264:
Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.
4268:(All human beings are born free and have the same dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should get along with each other in a spirit of brotherhood.)
1748:
Efforts are currently being undertaken to preserve Jawi in
Malaysia, and students taking Malay language examinations in Malaysia have the option of answering questions using Jawi.
6095:
4586:
4260:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
4143:
The pronunciation may vary in western dialects, especially the pronunciation of words ending in the vowel 'a'. For example, in some parts of Malaysia and in Singapore,
7709:
3597:
The other Malayan languages, included in neither of these groups, are associated with the expansion of the Malays across the archipelago. They include Malaccan Malay (
1867:. Indonesia regulates its own normative variety of Malay, while Malaysia and Singapore use a common standard. Brunei, in addition to Standard Malay, uses a distinct
4872:
4625:: Estuningtiyas, R. (2021). Rijal Dakwah: KH. Abdullah Syafi’ie (1910-1985). The International Journal of Pegon : Islam Nusantara Civilization, 5(01), 81-96.
3988:
dialect, there are many Malay varieties spoken in Indonesia; they are divided into western and eastern groups. Western Malay dialects are predominantly spoken in
2916:("sea"), are actually two syllables. An alternative analysis therefore treats the phonetic diphthongs , and as a sequence of a monophthong plus an approximant:
1219:
Sultanates and so the language is sometimes called Malacca, Johor or Riau Malay (or various combinations of those names) to distinguish it from the various other
6019:
3548:
1891:. The extent to which Malay is used in these countries varies depending on historical and cultural circumstances. Malay is the national language in Malaysia by
6026:
4574:, Jakarta: KPG 2009) gives a conservative estimate of approximately 200 million, and a maximum estimate of 250 million speakers of Malay (Collins 2009, p. 17).
3276:
for person or number, and they are not marked for tense; tense is instead denoted by time adverbs (such as 'yesterday') or by other tense indicators, such as
10523:
6109:
330:
6700:
6354:
6200:
5998:
4178:
All Malay speakers should be able to understand either of the translations below, which differ mostly in their choice of wording. The words for 'article',
2402:
sound, and this sound must be learned separately by the speakers). Previously (before 1972), this sound was written 'th' in Standard Malay (not Indonesian)
2488:
Phonemes which occur only in Arabic loans may be pronounced distinctly by speakers who know Arabic. Otherwise they tend to be replaced with native sounds.
12727:
6214:
5963:
5842:
5818:
4277:(All human beings are born free and are equal in dignity and rights. They have thoughts and feelings and should get along with a spirit of brotherhood.)
1741:
only. Names of institutions and organisations have to use Jawi and Rumi (Latin) scripts. Jawi is used fully in schools, especially the religious school,
7695:
7688:
6261:
6228:
6207:
6154:
5892:
4351:
3835:
1892:
1754:
Historically, Malay has been written using various scripts. Before the introduction of Arabic script in the Malay region, Malay was written using the
10454:
7702:
6368:
6333:
6088:
6067:
3864:
among people of different nationalities. Although this has largely given way to English, Malay still retains the status of national language and the
22517:
14103:
13209:
12299:
10557:
6122:
6081:
5993:
5897:
5872:
5734:
3697:
18859:
16773:
13509:
10955:
10479:
7534:
6718:
6266:
6256:
6251:
6241:
6039:
21:
This article is about the language on which Standard Indonesian and Malaysian are based. For the vernacular varieties and dialects of Malay, see
6236:
6117:
6034:
6003:
5973:
4906:
3513:
5551:
B., C. O. (1939). "Corrigenda and Addenda: A Chinese Vocabulary of Malacca Malay Words and Phrases Collected between A.D. 1403 and 1511 (?)".
18871:
13357:
12757:
8010:
6179:
1269:. A form known as Proto-Malayic was spoken in Borneo at least by 1000 BCE, it has been argued to be the ancestral language of all subsequent
5593:
Edwards, E. D.; Blagden, C. O. (1931). "A Chinese Vocabulary of Malacca Malay Words and Phrases Collected between A. D. 1403 and 1511 (?)".
10490:
6221:
6174:
5907:
5510:
12404:
4951:
12148:
4290:
1391:. Sanskrit loan words can be found in Old Malay vocabulary. The earliest known stone inscription in the Old Malay language was found in
10997:
1594:
found in the languages' words for kinship, health, body parts and common animals. Numbers, especially, show remarkable similarities.
548:
1707:
5678:
711:
5073:
12720:
569:
5712:
3887:(not to be confused with Jawi), which is similar to Kelantanese Malay, but the language has no official status or recognition.
13487:
1434:
Other evidence is the Tanjung Tanah Law in post-Pallava letters. This 14th-century pre-Islamic legal text was produced in the
22547:
11782:
11038:
7218:
5583:
5174:
5106:
5010:
4980:
4890:
4405:
4315:
4199:
4104:'we people'). Another difference is the lack of possessive pronouns (and suffixes) in eastern dialects. Manado uses the verb
3948:
for its disparate islands and ethnic groups, in part because the colonial language, Dutch, is no longer commonly spoken. (In
3724:
1786:
gradually replaced these scripts as the most commonly used script in the Malay region. Starting from the 17th century, under
1118:. Altogether, it is spoken by 290 million people (around 260 million in Indonesia alone in its own literary standard named "
16980:
14800:
14096:
13202:
12292:
5727:
4666:
17737:
13502:
10948:
8833:
5763:
2584:
2562:
2273:
2242:
5647:
3952:, which was governed as a province of Indonesia from 1976 to 1999, Indonesian is widely spoken and recognized under its
3872:, is entirely in Malay. In addition, parade commands in the military, police and civil defence are given only in Malay.
20706:
12713:
4557:
4596:
3996:, which itself is divided into Bornean and Sumatran Malay; some of the most widely spoken Sumatran Malay dialects are
1751:
The Latin script, however, is the most commonly used in Brunei and Malaysia, both for official and informal purposes.
17544:
15319:
13350:
7388:
4784:
4170:
Batavian and eastern dialects are sometimes regarded as Malay creole, because the speakers are not ethnically Malay.
3792:
3374:
1064:
4882:
Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas: Vol I: Maps. Vol II: Texts
3774:
3356:
22522:
20269:
19711:
19405:
12747:
12042:
10416:
4054:
3284:'not yet'. On the other hand, there is a complex system of verb affixes to render nuances of meaning and to denote
2442:
2422:
2164:
2071:
1803:
1242:
22532:
22116:
20343:
19359:
14089:
14071:
13195:
12285:
9646:
5720:
5666:
3766:
3348:
2805:
2148:
1925:
1553:
560:
4623:
The abstract of this journal article is written in Indonesian language (Bahasa Indonesia), in Latin and in Pegon
2748:. Many words are commonly pronounced variably, with either or , and relatively few words require a mid vowel .
22542:
22537:
21964:
20721:
19098:
15862:
15740:
14636:
13495:
11487:
10941:
9042:
8949:
5333:
3770:
3352:
3299:
in the sense that English does. In intransitive clauses, the noun comes before the verb. When there is both an
4934:
22552:
19880:
19445:
17228:
17203:
16710:
14583:
14516:
12496:
12355:
10105:
9115:
8999:
6476:
2432:
2117:
1302:
980:
594:
5417:(PL-550). CRCL, CRCL, And/Or The Author(S). Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University: 15–36.
3260:, and there are only a few words that use natural gender; the same word is used for 'he' and 'she' which is
625:
612:
22527:
22180:
20115:
19648:
17960:
17160:
16132:
15872:
15170:
14839:
13343:
13273:
12972:
12942:
12052:
11482:
8095:
7912:
7370:
3915:
3653:
2819:
2678:
2397:
2381:
2198:
2156:
1465:
1431:. It was the working language of traders and it was used in various ports, and marketplaces in the region.
791:
5681:, Asmah Haji Omar, (Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society, 1989-2 pp. 9–13 later designated J11)
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
2936:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2897:
2882:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2854:
2850:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2577:
22317:
21544:
19783:
19259:
19209:
18889:
18445:
17019:
14415:
14398:
14183:
13162:
9732:
8487:
8140:
5631:
2782:
2732:
Malay originally had four vowels, but in many dialects today, including Standard Malay, it has six, with
2643:
2528:
2181:
1820:
1812:
1587:
1278:
1197:) is domestically restricted to vernacular varieties of Malay indigenous to areas of Central to Southern
540:
186:
5689:
5506:"Where does Malay come from? Twenty years of discussions about homeland, migrations and classifications"
22557:
20973:
20951:
20433:
20104:
18080:
17765:
17424:
17276:
16037:
15513:
15394:
15063:
15038:
14811:
14772:
14556:
13553:
12806:
12694:
11522:
10026:
10003:
9189:
8936:
8311:
7257:
6967:
6962:
5038:, but states that they "are so closely related that they may one day be included as dialects of Malay".
3316:
2835:
2669:
2462:
2389:
2373:
2251:
2064:
2057:
128:
1241:, are so closely related to standard Malay that they may prove to be dialects. There are also several
22099:
21328:
21263:
20811:
19631:
19620:
19601:
19022:
19004:
18788:
18629:
17921:
17608:
17587:
17217:
16851:
16318:
16232:
16028:
15624:
15175:
15165:
14919:
14914:
13660:
13283:
13253:
12992:
12851:
12736:
11377:
11043:
10270:
9453:
8750:
8647:
8464:
8339:
8105:
8060:
7786:
7766:
7652:
7070:
7060:
6897:
6827:
6769:
6441:
5804:
4350:
In the context of Malaysian education and law, "Bahasa Melayu" is used in formal literature like the
3405:
2704:
2695:
2676:
2667:
2650:
2641:
2624:
2616:
2607:
2592:
2590:
2582:
2560:
2552:
2543:
2526:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2470:
2460:
2452:
2450:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2406:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2361:
2351:
2343:
2341:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2317:
2207:
2173:
1655:
1404:
21776:
17672:
4910:
4540:
4522:
4504:
4486:
4468:
4450:
4432:
1423:, through its expansion, economic power and military prowess, was responsible for the widespread of
21651:
21147:
19291:
19285:
18538:
18460:
18435:
17774:
17394:
17342:
17097:
15857:
15697:
15674:
15404:
15264:
15203:
14929:
14503:
14470:
13828:
13263:
12888:
12797:
11407:
11063:
10899:
10562:
10546:
9833:
8881:
8592:
8492:
7619:
7186:
6819:
5661:
5166:
4729:
3839:
3755:
3337:
3238:
2791:
2697:
2472:
2413:
is final 'k' or an apostrophe ' (although some words have this glottal stop in the middle, such as
1896:
1832:" which means "Lane for dropping passengers only" and the small no-parking sign on the left reads "
974:
554:
16308:
5669:(Online Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language published by Pusat Bahasa, in Indonesian only)
3528:
to varying extents, though the distinction between language and dialect is unclear in many cases.
22512:
22194:
22126:
21588:
21524:
21288:
20991:
20962:
19653:
18916:
18758:
18624:
18364:
18246:
17457:
16240:
16195:
16010:
16005:
15970:
15965:
15845:
15614:
15523:
15309:
14909:
14687:
14272:
13946:
13673:
12814:
12774:
12220:
12133:
11864:
11617:
11567:
11547:
11467:
11452:
11387:
11021:
10551:
10240:
9904:
9153:
9090:
8921:
7662:
7647:
7348:
7288:
7226:
7098:
6882:
5358:
4880:
3759:
3341:
2706:
2554:
2545:
2520:
2335:
2319:
2110:
2103:
2078:
1980:
1745:, which is compulsory during the afternoon for Muslim students aged from around 6–7 up to 12–14.
1286:
1274:
1123:
359:
110:
16665:
15185:
5742:
1879:, Indonesian is recognised by the constitution as one of two working languages (the other being
1149:) of several nation states with various official names: in Malaysia, it is designated as either
21614:
21514:
20577:
19571:
19321:
19056:
17487:
17452:
16694:
16620:
16585:
15814:
15539:
14904:
14573:
14568:
14257:
14112:
14053:
13861:
13777:
13712:
13620:
13589:
13517:
13436:
13218:
12563:
12383:
12308:
12248:
12185:
11711:
11372:
11277:
11232:
11172:
11033:
10839:
10054:
9965:
9942:
9340:
9239:
8954:
8389:
8230:
7985:
6972:
6857:
6842:
6741:
5750:
5482:
5456:
4638:
4610:
4310:
4116:'to have') to mark possession. So 'my name' and 'our house" are translated in western Malay as
3587:
3222:
2609:
2218:
1559:
1526:. The letters show sign of non-native usage; the Ternateans used (and still use) the unrelated
1416:
1087:
871:
520:
181:
16052:
14753:
11682:
5573:
5480:
The other language standard aside from "Indonesian" is named simply as "Malay", as stated in:
1229:
16, several of the Malayic varieties they currently list as separate languages, including the
485:
22363:
22247:
22009:
21910:
20393:
19329:
18793:
16610:
16057:
15931:
15895:
15604:
15142:
14924:
14487:
14432:
14000:
13931:
13719:
13525:
13476:
13137:
12787:
12409:
12090:
11592:
11472:
11217:
11070:
10964:
10349:
9538:
9277:
9252:
9224:
8273:
7992:
7862:
7146:
7025:
6957:
5000:
4970:
4777:
Malay as a pluricentric language Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations
4639:"Recognition of Bahasa Indonesia as an official language of the General Conference of UNESCO"
3556:
3525:
3489:
3121:
2626:
2295:
2015:
2008:
1807:
1701:
1598:
1531:
1506:
Among the oldest surviving letters written in Malay are the letters from Sultan Abu Hayat of
1281:, began to break up by at least 2000 BCE, possibly as a result of the southward expansion of
1134:
951:
123:
22420:
22279:
20686:
19586:
19551:
17628:
15033:
3825:, it is noted to be among the first Malay-language newspaper. The readership consist of the
1265:
Malay historical linguists agree on the likelihood of the Malayic homeland being in western
22214:
22171:
22072:
22024:
21999:
21954:
21808:
21646:
21273:
21193:
20671:
20398:
18763:
18440:
18392:
18114:
18018:
17502:
17497:
17442:
17414:
17150:
16615:
16519:
16499:
16295:
16285:
16275:
16205:
16200:
15226:
15058:
14899:
14859:
14704:
14699:
14427:
13874:
13838:
13167:
12618:
12521:
12243:
12225:
11967:
11946:
11537:
11227:
11058:
11048:
10611:
10484:
9912:
9365:
9320:
8959:
8823:
8567:
8497:
8258:
7867:
7827:
7361:
7325:
7310:
7136:
7128:
7113:
7020:
6947:
6942:
6902:
6852:
6748:
6626:
6075:
5849:
4070:
3583:
3536:
3174:
2618:
2353:
2124:
2022:
1282:
931:
366:
19576:
17666:
15619:
15101:
5314:
Proto Malayic: the reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology
8:
22398:
22383:
22019:
21983:
21944:
21756:
21656:
21454:
21409:
21100:
21090:
21085:
21016:
20696:
20607:
20572:
20557:
20547:
20284:
20219:
19905:
19860:
19835:
19581:
19545:
19423:
19307:
19302:
19243:
19146:
18491:
18430:
18287:
18008:
17824:
17365:
17120:
17052:
16861:
16856:
16846:
16492:
16280:
16175:
16078:
15609:
15544:
15493:
15465:
15289:
15254:
15157:
15073:
15008:
14957:
14669:
14168:
13767:
13446:
13366:
13304:
13038:
12987:
12674:
12596:
12591:
12504:
12479:
12195:
12143:
12108:
11941:
11835:
11726:
11572:
11517:
11262:
11117:
11092:
10738:
10711:
10498:
9679:
9518:
9060:
8627:
8507:
8319:
8170:
7971:
7781:
7474:
7446:
7315:
7270:
7166:
7103:
7055:
6776:
6762:
6755:
6546:
6491:
6347:
5783:
4715:
4591:
4295:
3937:
3634:
3602:
3575:
3445:
3296:
1917:
1900:
1888:
1868:
1837:
1716:
1178:
1119:
671:
506:
481:
455:
411:
246:
163:
132:
21863:
21848:
21489:
21429:
20701:
17654:
16303:
14521:
13646:
5359:"Sebutan Johor-Riau dan Sebutan Baku dalam Konteks Identiti Masyarakat Melayu Singapura"
1700:
also exists. Latin script is official in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. Malay uses
1523:
22393:
22378:
22373:
22337:
22307:
22289:
22258:
22161:
22077:
22067:
22054:
22004:
21766:
21603:
21449:
21434:
21424:
21381:
21323:
21313:
21308:
21105:
20871:
20821:
20617:
20516:
20471:
20461:
20313:
20307:
20196:
20136:
19915:
19900:
19850:
19840:
19814:
19716:
19369:
18899:
18814:
18728:
18718:
18680:
18070:
17993:
17886:
17644:
17592:
17434:
17212:
17125:
17057:
17027:
16947:
16937:
16738:
16705:
16689:
16605:
16570:
16514:
16469:
16348:
16155:
16000:
15975:
15890:
15882:
15483:
15450:
15432:
15389:
15381:
15362:
15357:
15347:
15342:
15299:
15279:
15093:
15048:
15023:
14972:
14952:
14715:
14659:
14621:
14330:
14251:
14192:
14125:
14048:
13941:
13936:
13691:
13604:
13258:
12509:
11909:
11815:
11657:
11622:
11587:
11442:
11422:
11392:
11132:
10748:
10655:
10579:
10573:
10370:
10278:
10207:
10095:
9851:
9808:
9773:
9621:
9606:
9350:
9080:
9065:
8763:
8665:
8597:
8404:
8301:
8075:
7930:
7902:
7837:
7484:
7464:
7431:
7426:
7416:
7411:
7341:
7320:
7295:
7191:
7171:
6907:
6887:
6551:
6511:
6416:
6411:
6375:
6340:
6303:
6276:
6140:
6013:
5940:
5912:
5867:
5618:
5610:
5560:
5539:
5388:
5293:
4850:
4711:
4331:
4013:
3981:
3728:
3598:
3273:
3257:
3105:
2363:
2029:
1975:
1451:
891:
731:
21868:
21188:
21051:
19596:
18475:
17916:
16539:
16358:
16083:
15768:
13594:
11137:
4092:
means 'we, us' in western, but means 'I, me' in Manado, whereas 'we, us" in Manado is
3879:—a region that, for the most part, used to be part of an ancient Malay kingdom called
1766:
scripts; these scripts are no longer frequently used, but similar scripts such as the
966:
22332:
22327:
22284:
22229:
22219:
22204:
22151:
22062:
22044:
22039:
21988:
21975:
21949:
21878:
21828:
21771:
21746:
21669:
21494:
21464:
21444:
21439:
21399:
21228:
20902:
20881:
20856:
20831:
20791:
20761:
20751:
20746:
20736:
20726:
20622:
20582:
20542:
20146:
19997:
19987:
19972:
19940:
19890:
19855:
19845:
19825:
19658:
19566:
19556:
19200:
19182:
19177:
18798:
18753:
18708:
18649:
18639:
18582:
18551:
18465:
18407:
18267:
18241:
18197:
18182:
18172:
18028:
18023:
18003:
17911:
17839:
17829:
17709:
17689:
17582:
17492:
17409:
17223:
17188:
17173:
17130:
17105:
17077:
17067:
17047:
17042:
17010:
16990:
16965:
16926:
16910:
16813:
16798:
16564:
16529:
16453:
16388:
16343:
16338:
16328:
16260:
15947:
15905:
15829:
15789:
15759:
15659:
15649:
15639:
15629:
15587:
15327:
15304:
15269:
15195:
15180:
15053:
15013:
14995:
14977:
14967:
14939:
14854:
14790:
14644:
14591:
14442:
14320:
14223:
14023:
13884:
13790:
13747:
13573:
13374:
13028:
12982:
12967:
12654:
12649:
12639:
12613:
12608:
12603:
12571:
12531:
12449:
12414:
12345:
12160:
12138:
12032:
11931:
11926:
11914:
11904:
11869:
11667:
11632:
11462:
11432:
11302:
11202:
11192:
11053:
10992:
10979:
10872:
10864:
10825:
10781:
10761:
10600:
10222:
10199:
10171:
10085:
10077:
9694:
9654:
9611:
9596:
9523:
9513:
9498:
9493:
9105:
9050:
8974:
8891:
8675:
8637:
8622:
8612:
8512:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8324:
8220:
8215:
8195:
8120:
8045:
7978:
7957:
7950:
7892:
7882:
7822:
7817:
7771:
7750:
7733:
7604:
7594:
7396:
7275:
7208:
7156:
7151:
7093:
7035:
7015:
6995:
6990:
6952:
6927:
6892:
6877:
6847:
6804:
6794:
6694:
6636:
6586:
6541:
6516:
6506:
6471:
6451:
6446:
6421:
6393:
6321:
6133:
6102:
6054:
5983:
5978:
5882:
5836:
5812:
5622:
5579:
5392:
5380:
5339:
5329:
5228:
5170:
5102:
5006:
4976:
4886:
4780:
4401:
4325:
3985:
3869:
3826:
3810:
3646:
3509:
3465:
3444:(due to historical status of Malay Archipelago as a trading hub), and more recently,
3437:
3429:
2812:
2264:
2190:
2096:
1995:
1985:
1614:
1602:
1575:
1484:
1428:
1270:
1220:
1212:
1091:
1027: Southern Thailand and the Cocos Isl., where other varieties of Malay are spoken
297:
191:
22:
22294:
21853:
21062:
19413:
18952:
17906:
16313:
15995:
11412:
11252:
7161:
4854:
989:
22412:
22388:
22368:
22312:
22299:
22274:
22239:
22209:
22199:
22121:
22029:
22014:
21922:
21708:
21641:
21636:
21479:
21469:
21459:
21419:
21414:
21351:
21318:
21303:
21283:
21213:
21080:
21036:
21026:
21011:
21006:
20897:
20861:
20851:
20846:
20826:
20801:
20786:
20716:
20531:
20511:
20496:
20491:
20481:
20476:
20423:
20264:
20239:
20229:
20214:
20161:
20058:
20032:
20007:
19951:
19895:
19757:
19663:
19487:
19462:
19364:
19344:
19269:
19131:
19083:
19065:
18894:
18819:
18773:
18768:
18737:
18660:
18604:
18599:
18588:
18567:
18470:
18412:
18397:
18387:
18277:
18220:
18137:
18132:
18099:
18094:
18057:
18038:
18033:
17998:
17896:
17849:
17819:
17814:
17714:
17512:
17462:
17447:
17419:
17360:
17323:
17293:
17178:
17145:
17135:
17115:
17087:
17037:
17000:
16970:
16899:
16836:
16787:
16660:
16595:
16580:
16459:
16440:
16380:
16363:
16170:
16165:
16160:
16150:
16145:
16140:
16118:
16093:
16073:
16068:
15960:
15867:
15682:
15664:
15575:
15478:
15473:
15445:
15422:
15332:
15284:
15274:
15241:
15231:
15126:
15121:
15116:
15106:
15028:
15018:
15003:
14988:
14982:
14947:
14878:
14864:
14829:
14824:
14780:
14743:
14738:
14723:
14616:
14526:
14493:
14450:
14344:
14298:
14293:
14155:
14018:
14010:
13995:
13990:
13980:
13972:
13851:
13762:
13752:
13456:
13451:
13426:
13232:
12644:
12586:
12551:
12541:
12526:
12441:
12155:
12123:
12118:
11977:
11951:
11936:
11879:
11810:
11652:
11612:
11532:
11527:
11507:
11497:
11457:
11447:
11437:
11382:
11352:
11342:
11297:
11267:
11177:
11142:
11026:
10858:
10819:
10776:
10756:
10733:
10725:
10696:
10632:
10568:
10364:
10334:
10314:
10299:
10179:
10153:
10133:
10090:
9983:
9876:
9861:
9856:
9846:
9823:
9750:
9636:
9631:
9601:
9551:
9458:
9443:
9433:
9418:
9393:
9373:
9330:
9325:
9305:
9138:
9095:
9055:
9007:
8984:
8944:
8926:
8916:
8813:
8798:
8738:
8690:
8602:
8572:
8527:
8472:
8434:
8419:
8384:
8374:
8354:
8288:
8263:
8238:
8200:
8135:
8125:
8085:
7943:
7936:
7920:
7877:
7857:
7852:
7842:
7807:
7745:
7657:
7642:
7637:
7559:
7554:
7497:
7459:
7454:
7401:
7265:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7196:
7181:
7050:
6982:
6937:
6872:
6837:
6784:
6708:
6686:
6666:
6641:
6576:
6536:
6531:
6521:
6501:
6466:
6426:
6296:
6289:
6271:
6147:
6044:
5988:
5958:
5933:
5826:
5791:
5602:
5529:
5519:
5418:
5407:
5370:
5321:
5285:
5218:
5138:
4876:
4842:
4741:
4674:
4393:
4057:, are spoken in the eastern part of the Malay or Nusantara archipelago and include
3911:
3851:
3453:
3441:
3304:
3289:
3165:
1970:
1965:
1908:
1880:
1659:
1640:
1527:
1400:
1396:
1041:
881:
226:
106:
21813:
21741:
21736:
21731:
21474:
19925:
19515:
17946:
17661:
13636:
5159:
Karim, Nik Safiah; M. Onn, Farid; Haji Musa, Hashim; Mahmood, Abdul Hamid (2008).
3071:
Final /a/ mutation in Malay-Indonesian dialects and nearby Austronesian languages
22431:
22426:
22253:
22146:
22034:
21884:
21873:
21823:
21798:
21608:
21564:
21509:
21504:
21356:
21298:
21293:
21278:
21233:
21218:
21176:
21171:
21031:
21001:
20933:
20907:
20866:
20796:
20781:
20776:
20756:
20731:
20691:
20612:
20602:
20597:
20587:
20567:
20552:
20526:
20441:
20403:
20388:
20368:
20363:
20318:
20292:
20244:
20224:
20176:
20171:
20156:
20131:
20086:
20068:
20063:
20053:
20047:
20042:
20012:
19992:
19967:
19962:
19946:
19865:
19820:
19809:
19736:
19679:
19561:
19525:
19510:
19492:
19418:
19395:
19390:
19297:
19254:
19248:
19238:
19221:
19151:
19136:
19121:
19078:
19032:
18978:
18957:
18883:
18809:
18804:
18783:
18748:
18713:
18703:
18698:
18692:
18577:
18528:
18455:
18450:
18422:
18377:
18353:
18333:
18310:
18305:
18300:
18295:
18272:
18251:
18210:
18177:
18167:
18065:
18043:
18013:
17977:
17941:
17936:
17901:
17881:
17844:
17834:
17806:
17649:
17623:
17613:
17561:
17556:
17355:
17313:
17303:
17258:
17253:
17238:
17193:
17072:
17032:
16841:
16823:
16808:
16752:
16728:
16655:
16640:
16509:
16487:
16418:
16323:
16265:
16250:
16190:
16113:
16098:
15990:
15985:
15980:
15900:
15852:
15778:
15773:
15550:
15488:
15455:
15440:
15367:
15249:
15221:
15213:
15111:
15078:
14962:
14891:
14758:
14728:
14649:
14626:
14606:
14601:
14596:
14541:
14531:
14455:
14370:
14365:
14338:
14245:
14205:
14200:
14173:
14028:
13894:
13823:
13737:
13727:
13701:
13461:
13421:
13080:
13054:
13018:
12997:
12896:
12843:
12830:
12664:
12659:
12581:
12576:
12546:
12514:
12484:
12175:
12165:
12019:
11987:
11982:
11972:
11919:
11857:
11850:
11799:
11642:
11557:
11552:
11492:
11397:
11362:
11357:
11347:
11337:
11292:
11282:
11272:
11212:
11207:
11187:
11182:
11013:
10987:
10877:
10832:
10796:
10786:
10701:
10670:
10464:
10444:
10407:
10403:
10359:
10344:
10329:
10250:
10212:
10189:
10123:
10118:
10067:
10062:
10039:
10016:
9932:
9917:
9871:
9813:
9803:
9778:
9717:
9689:
9669:
9664:
9616:
9566:
9556:
9483:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9448:
9438:
9428:
9403:
9378:
9355:
9345:
9315:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9267:
9209:
9128:
9100:
9085:
9070:
9022:
9012:
8989:
8979:
8969:
8906:
8896:
8871:
8851:
8818:
8808:
8803:
8793:
8778:
8773:
8758:
8705:
8700:
8685:
8660:
8632:
8582:
8577:
8557:
8522:
8517:
8502:
8477:
8454:
8429:
8414:
8409:
8399:
8369:
8296:
8190:
8180:
8150:
8145:
8115:
8100:
8090:
8070:
8065:
8035:
7964:
7925:
7897:
7887:
7832:
7812:
7791:
7761:
7756:
7739:
7728:
7682:
7632:
7599:
7589:
7507:
7502:
7492:
7469:
7436:
7378:
7334:
7281:
7141:
7108:
7078:
6932:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6832:
6809:
6728:
6651:
6646:
6631:
6611:
6601:
6596:
6581:
6496:
6456:
6189:
6060:
5857:
5312:
5096:
4827:
4768:
4029:
3973:
3880:
3865:
3657:
3642:
3591:
3481:
3477:
3425:
3300:
3285:
3225:, and new words are formed by three methods: attaching affixes onto a root word (
2313:: The sounds are represented orthographically by their symbols as above, except:
2287:
2002:
1990:
1937:
1724:
1419:. It is a small stone of 45 by 80 centimetres (18 by 31 in). For centuries,
1340:
1332:
1238:
1216:
1208:
1202:
1156:
761:
681:
661:
258:
221:
173:
159:
26:
17931:
8359:
22484:
22353:
22224:
22156:
21993:
21838:
21818:
21761:
21698:
21619:
21569:
21559:
21554:
21534:
21519:
21499:
21404:
21394:
21389:
21361:
21203:
21198:
21166:
21056:
21046:
20996:
20981:
20928:
20912:
20876:
20841:
20741:
20647:
20637:
20632:
20521:
20501:
20486:
20446:
20418:
20413:
20383:
20358:
20348:
20338:
20328:
20323:
20302:
20274:
20259:
20234:
20186:
20181:
20166:
20073:
20037:
20022:
20017:
20002:
19982:
19956:
19935:
19930:
19920:
19870:
19830:
19804:
19788:
19778:
19762:
19752:
19731:
19726:
19721:
19606:
19591:
19535:
19530:
19520:
19482:
19477:
19472:
19385:
19334:
19264:
19116:
19111:
19106:
19037:
18973:
18931:
18670:
18665:
18644:
18634:
18507:
18372:
18348:
18338:
18316:
18236:
18215:
18147:
18142:
18109:
17891:
17783:
17618:
17525:
17479:
17371:
17350:
17318:
17308:
17288:
17248:
17233:
17183:
17168:
17110:
17062:
16995:
16942:
16878:
16747:
16700:
16630:
16554:
16464:
16408:
16403:
16353:
16333:
16255:
16245:
16221:
16210:
16108:
16103:
16088:
16062:
16047:
16042:
15955:
15937:
15840:
15819:
15727:
15712:
15707:
15692:
15687:
15654:
15644:
15634:
15599:
15592:
15518:
15417:
15412:
15352:
15259:
15083:
15068:
15043:
14819:
14785:
14733:
14664:
14654:
14611:
14546:
14536:
14375:
14287:
14234:
14228:
14145:
14137:
13951:
13921:
13914:
13846:
13818:
13706:
13696:
13686:
13599:
13466:
13431:
13405:
13309:
13278:
13237:
13152:
13142:
13114:
13049:
13023:
12962:
12957:
12915:
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4730:"Indonesian as the Language of ASEAN During the New Life Behavior Change 2021"
4088:
The differences among both groups are quite observable. For example, the word
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528:
347:
303:
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5343:
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1597:
Within Austronesian, Malay is part of a cluster of numerous closely related
21549:
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2652:
2408:
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1675:
1610:
1583:
1435:
1408:
1328:
1137:, i.e., several varieties of it are standardized as the national language (
1130:
921:
901:
811:
781:
741:
314:
293:
5101:. Kuala Lumpur: Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia Berhad. pp. xvi.
4528:
4510:
4492:
4474:
4456:
4438:
4420:
2908:("island"). Words with a phonetic diphthong in a closed syllable, such as
946:
936:
926:
916:
906:
896:
886:
876:
866:
856:
846:
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647:
18994:
16645:
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11767:
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11167:
11162:
10811:
10691:
10509:
10434:
8040:
5953:
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5887:
5831:
4931:
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3891:
3822:
3805:
3705:
3693:
3661:
3626:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3571:
3521:
3142:
2776:
2759:
2229:
1913:
1759:
1618:
1439:
1372:
1211:, also called Court Malay, was the literary standard of the pre-colonial
1171:("Malay language"); in Indonesia, an autonomous normative variety called
861:
841:
801:
771:
751:
691:
630:
617:
524:
343:
339:
324:
307:
139:
10933:
5543:
5534:
4626:
3392:
2900:
as diphthongs. However, and can only occur in open syllables, such as
1021:
is a Malay creole languages and Indonesian is used as a working language
1011: Singapore and Brunei, where Standard Malay is an official language
13757:
12399:
12047:
11222:
10904:
10665:
10650:
10517:
10424:
6194:
5457:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)"
5422:
5297:
5160:
5026:
4533:
4515:
4497:
4479:
4461:
4443:
4425:
4078:
3949:
3712:
3673:
3630:
3567:
3517:
3226:
3178:
3117:
2827:
2769:
2394:
sound, but the writing is not distinguished from Arabic loanwords with
2340:
sound, but the writing is not distinguished from Arabic loanwords with
1921:
1876:
1856:
1606:
1579:
1356:
1307:
1232:
1225:
1111:
1018:
701:
502:
498:
86:
13335:
5614:
5564:
4397:
1617:, and the same is true with some lects on the Malay Peninsula such as
13909:
13889:
13120:
12782:
12459:
12454:
12424:
12027:
11840:
11762:
11721:
10640:
5408:"Final /a/ mutation: a borrowed areal feature in Western Austronesia"
5325:
4546:(Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box)
3818:
3716:
3708:, which may be more or less distinct from standard (Malaccan) Malay.
3505:
3497:
3250:
3169:
3138:
2799:
2235:
2134:
2044:
1860:
1848:
1663:
1635:
1515:
1459:
1443:
1424:
1420:
1336:
1316:
1312:
1107:
1099:
959:
640:
604:
586:
510:
477:
438:
407:
318:
216:
98:
90:
33:
5289:
3744:
3326:
13529:
13147:
13085:
12419:
12085:
12037:
4909:. Bahasa-malaysia-simple-fun.com. 15 September 2007. Archived from
4021:
3876:
3720:
3501:
1864:
1852:
1779:
1519:
1492:
1348:
1344:
1249:) based on a lingua franca derived from Classical Malay as well as
1115:
1103:
516:
425:
94:
12753:
Commission for Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Community Rights
2348:
sound, and this sound must be learned separately by the speakers).
1719:", copied by Muhammad bin Umar Syaikh Farid on 31 July 1824 CE in
1651:
13904:
11777:
5276:
Clynes, Adrian (1997). "On the Proto-Austronesian "Diphthongs"".
4800:
Tadmor, Uri (2009). "Malay-Indonesian". In Bernard Comrie (ed.).
4354:, however "Bahasa Malaysia" is sometimes also used by Malaysians.
4025:
4001:
3989:
3532:
3474:
3196:
3146:
3109:
2386:
sound (only occurs in Arabic loanwords originally containing the
2332:
sound (only occurs in Arabic loanwords originally containing the
1825:
1775:
1591:
1507:
1455:
1447:
1412:
1392:
1360:
1352:
1320:
1198:
489:
16772:
5694:
5595:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London
5553:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London
1387:
Old Malay was influenced by Sanskrit, the classical language of
13157:
13075:
12634:
12113:
7533:
5487:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
5483:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Bahasa Melayu (Malay))"
5461:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
5002:
The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society
4972:
The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society
3993:
3493:
3246:
3242:
3237:). Nouns and verbs may be basic roots, but frequently they are
3099:
1920:
is spoken by the overseas Indonesian community concentrated in
1844:
1738:
1720:
1518:, dated around 1521–1522. The text is addressed to the king of
1488:
1364:
1290:
1266:
1095:
493:
451:
394:
82:
5675:(Institute of Language and Literature Malaysia, in Malay only)
4024:
are believed to be Sumatran Malay descendants. Meanwhile, the
13985:
13172:
13033:
12536:
11874:
3192:
3134:
3113:
3095:
1771:
1477:
The classical Malay language came into widespread use as the
1388:
1376:
1368:
821:
5653:
Digital version of Wilkinson's 1926 Malay-English Dictionary
5120:
5118:
4952:"Undang-Undang Tanjung Tanah: Naskah Melayu Tertua di Dunia"
4611:
https://ia903106.us.archive.org/22/items/etaoin/Kitabati.pdf
3821:). Initially published between 1869 and 1870 and written in
3233:(composition), or repetition of words or portions of words (
13299:
13268:
13059:
11884:
5158:
4779:. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyte. pp. 403–4.
3997:
3152:
2713:
2685:
1571:
1469:
1324:
1230:
1166:
1160:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1081:
1056:
1047:
268:
262:
250:
58:
52:
4714:", 5 million in Indonesia as "Malay" plus 260 million as "
1790:
and British influence, Jawi was gradually replaced by the
1165:("Malay language"); in Singapore and Brunei, it is called
14414:
5684:
5657:
5115:
4661:
4659:
3566:
Aboriginal Malay are the Malayan languages spoken by the
3470:
3456:(in particular many scientific and technological terms).
3037:⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants
3009:⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants
1411:
M. Batenburg on 29 November 1920 at Kedukan Bukit, South
5672:
4053:
The eastern varieties, classified either as dialects or
3488:
There is a group of closely related languages spoken by
18858:
17736:
5762:
3268:. There is no grammatical plural in Malay either; thus
2951:
Comparison of several standard pronunciations of Malay
1442:, a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that arose after the end of
4656:
3875:
Most residents of the five southernmost provinces of
3023:⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩
2995:⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩
1065:
509:
used as a working language and a trade language with
5445:
16 also lists Col, Haji, Kaur, Kerinci, Kubu, Lubu'.
4867:
4804:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 791–818.
4392:(revised ed.). Australian National University.
4364:
discussing the structure or history of the language.
3944:
By contrast, Indonesian has successfully become the
3272:
may mean either 'person' or 'people'. Verbs are not
1053:
1613:—for example, is not readily intelligible with the
1562:family of languages, which includes languages from
1050:
1044:
10415:
3910:(delicious)—have evolved and been integrated into
3459:
1942:Malay, like most Austronesian languages, is not a
1924:. Functional phrases are taught to members of the
1621:. However, both Brunei and Kedah are quite close.
5660:, online Malay language database provided by the
5211:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
5131:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1415:, on the banks of the Tatang, a tributary of the
162:): 200–290 million (2009) (the number including "
22504:
3424:The Malay language has many words borrowed from
3310:
1192:
1182:
1172:
5205:Soderberg, Craig D.; Olson, Kenneth S. (2008).
5124:
5030:16 classifies them as distinct languages, ISO3
4771:(1992). "Malay as a pluricentric language". In
4767:
2885:"blond". (In Indonesia, "blond" may be written
1643:, a native writing system found in central and
1554:Austronesian languages § Comparison charts
25:. For the standard Malay used in Malaysia, see
5629:
5592:
5204:
5098:An introduction to modern Malaysian literature
1319:in the 7th century, then extending to most of
14097:
14064:
13503:
13351:
13203:
12735:
12721:
12293:
10949:
5728:
5704:
4710:10 million in Malaysia as either "Malay" or "
3531:Para-Malay includes the Malayan languages of
2939:in bisyllabic words must agree in height, so
1522:, following contact with Portuguese explorer
5511:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
5088:
4734:Journal of Social Work and Science Education
4587:"Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards"
994:Areas where Malay-Indonesian is spoken:
488:enjoys the status of a regional language in
7535:Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
5667:Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia dalam jaringan
5415:Issues in Austronesian Historical Phonology
4932:Southeast Asia Digital Library: About Malay
4291:Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian
4147:(inclusive 'we, us, our') is pronounced as
4032:) also belongs to the western Malay group.
3842:, and became the sole official language in
3773:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3355:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1899:, and became the sole official language in
1454:, who today still live in the highlands of
14111:
14104:
14090:
13510:
13496:
13358:
13344:
13217:
13210:
13196:
12728:
12714:
12307:
12300:
12286:
10956:
10942:
5735:
5721:
5575:Classical Civilizations of South-East Asia
5245:
4994:
4992:
2873:. There are some homographs; for example,
2752:Table of vowel phonemes of Standard Malay
1662:, is the oldest surviving specimen of the
988:
10963:
5571:
5533:
5523:
5374:
5356:
5265:. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
5250:. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
5222:
5142:
5125:Clynes, Adrian; Deterding, David (2011).
4949:
4745:
4228:Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak Asasi Manusia
3858:In Singapore, Malay was historically the
3793:Learn how and when to remove this message
3375:Learn how and when to remove this message
549:Language Development and Fostering Agency
14075:) is being considered for deletion. See
4828:"The Search for the 'Origins' of Melayu"
4727:
4700:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
4238:(Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
4231:(General Declaration about Human Rights)
4034:
3958:
3920:
3804:
3469:
1819:
1811:
1706:
1650:
1634:
1306:
1082:
59:
22518:Languages attested from the 7th century
13365:
10978:
5503:
5357:Abu Bakar, Mukhlis (18 December 2019).
5310:
5263:Fonologi generatif: teori dan penerapan
5165:(in Malay) (3 ed.). Kuala Lumpur:
4998:
4989:
4968:
4814:
4383:
4381:
4328:, the English used formally in Malaysia
4235:Perisytiharan Hak Asasi Manusia Sejagat
4151:, in Kelantan and Southern Thailand as
2378:is represented as 's', the same as the
1883:), alongside the official languages of
1570:, with a smaller number in continental
16:Austronesian language of Southeast Asia
22505:
14124:
5630:Wilkinson, Richard James (1901–1903).
5275:
5189:
5094:
4825:
4799:
18857:
17735:
16439:
15574:
14416:Western branches of Malayo–Polynesian
14413:
14397:
14396:
14123:
14085:
13491:
13339:
13191:
12709:
12281:
11783:Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien
10937:
10391:
8736:
7532:
5761:
5716:
5703:
5260:
4950:Surakhman, M. Ali (23 October 2017).
4695:
4631:
4627:https://doi.org/10.51925/inc.v5i01.45
4603:
4387:
4316:List of English words of Malay origin
4223:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4200:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1682:in Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore or
1403:and is dated 1 May 683. Known as the
70:
8737:
4378:
3829:as well as in the Malay archipelago.
3771:adding citations to reliable sources
3738:
3520:, and the far southern parts of the
3386:
3353:adding citations to reliable sources
3320:
2493:Table of borrowed Arabic consonants
555:Institute of Language and Literature
18860:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
17738:Central Malayo-Polynesian languages
10392:
5764:Western Malayo-Polynesian languages
5405:
4728:Wardhana, Dian Eka Chandra (2021).
4555:
4167:and in Kedah and Perlis as /kitɑ/.
4100:(originally abbreviated from Malay
2865:are relatively rare, so the letter
1836:" which means "until next sign" in
1711:Final pages of the Taj al-Salatin,
566:Malay Language Council in Singapore
13:
22480:? indicates classification dispute
5572:Braginsky, Vladimir, ed. (2013) .
5550:
5497:
5399:
5074:"Malay Can Be 'Language of ASEAN'"
4885:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 677.
4835:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
4572:Bahasa Sanskerta dan Bahasa Melayu
4558:"How many people speak Indonesian"
4414:
3890:Owing to earlier contact with the
1828:, Indonesia. The blue sign reads "
129:Various ethnic groups in Indonesia
14:
22569:
14079:to help reach a consensus. ›
5641:
5320:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
4698:The Linguistic Student's Handbook
4643:unesco.org / document no. 42 C/28
3883:—speak a dialect of Malay called
3711:Due to the early settlement of a
3428:(in particular religious terms),
2834:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2790:
2781:
2294:
2272:
2250:
2241:
2217:
2206:
2197:
2180:
2172:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2085:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1830:Lajur Khusus Menurunkan Penumpang
1816:A Malay traffic sign in Malaysia.
1624:
1578:, a geographic outlier spoken in
1547:
1544:for inter-ethnic communications.
480:(beside the national standard of
13519:
12748:Pan South African Language Board
12043:Malay trade and creole languages
5744:
5076:. brudirect.com. 24 October 2010
4595:. 26 August 2008. Archived from
4539:
4521:
4503:
4485:
4467:
4449:
4431:
3743:
3391:
3325:
3264:or for 'his' and 'her' which is
1804:Malay trade and creole languages
1797:
1343:(also known as: Kra Peninsula),
1243:Malay trade and creole languages
1040:
444:
431:
418:
400:
387:
13321:Recognized as a "link" language
10998:comparison with British English
5658:Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu
5636:. Singapore: Kelly & Walsh.
5474:
5448:
5436:
5350:
5304:
5269:
5254:
5239:
5198:
5183:
5152:
5066:
5041:
5019:
4962:
4943:
4925:
4899:
4861:
4819:
4808:
4793:
4761:
4721:
4704:
4689:
4560:. University of Hawaii at Manoa
4357:
3460:Varieties and related languages
2358:is 'ny'; 'n' before 'c' and 'j'
1926:Armed Forces of the Philippines
1674:Malay is now written using the
12758:Department of Arts and Culture
5504:Adelaar, K. Alexander (2004).
5095:Salleh, Muhammad Haji (2008).
4616:
4579:
4549:
4344:
4049:A young man speaks Kedah Malay
3288:or intentional and accidental
1371:, and ended as the Kingdom of
561:Language and Literature Bureau
1:
5454:Standard named as stated in:
5432:– via sealang.net/CRCL.
4371:
3311:Vocabulary and borrowed words
3241:from other words by means of
1949:
1538:. Malay was used solely as a
1303:History of the Malay language
1110:, and that is also spoken in
156:: 82 million (2004–2010)
22548:Malay languages in Singapore
22477:* indicates proposed status
13274:Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole
4556:Uli, Kozok (10 March 2012).
3654:Malay-based creole languages
1931:
1466:Terengganu Inscription Stone
1395:, Indonesia, written in the
1311:Map of the expansion of the
1191:) whereas the term "Malay" (
572:(a trilateral joint venture)
7:
22364:Futuna-Aniwa / West Futunan
13293:Formerly spoken and extinct
5648:Swadesh list of Malay words
4826:Andaya, Leonard Y. (2001).
4802:The World's Major Languages
4671:www.easttimorgovernment.com
4439:Malay (individual language)
4284:
4173:
3984:, which developed from the
3492:and related peoples across
3256:Malay does not make use of
2981:⟨a⟩ in final open syllable
1928:as well as local students.
1588:Proto-Austronesian language
1407:, it was discovered by the
1279:Proto-Austronesian language
662:Malay (individual language)
10:
22574:
5633:A Malay-English Dictionary
5363:Issues in Language Studies
5194:. University of Edinburgh.
5005:. UNSW Press. p. 62.
4999:Sneddon, James N. (2003).
4975:. UNSW Press. p. 70.
4969:Sneddon, James N. (2003).
4390:The Austronesian Languages
3956:as a 'working language'.)
3463:
3317:List of loanwords in Malay
3314:
3214:
3210:
1935:
1801:
1686:in Indonesia, although an
1628:
1551:
1300:
1296:
1184:bahasa persatuan/pemersatu
72:[baˈha.saməˈla.ju]
31:
20:
22472:
22411:
22346:
22267:
22238:
22190:
22179:
22170:
22142:
22135:
22109:
22098:
22053:
21974:
21963:
21940:
21931:
21918:
21909:
21791:
21724:
21717:
21691:
21682:
21665:
21629:
21596:
21587:
21380:
21337:
21262:
21251:
21146:
21114:
21071:
20972:
20961:
20950:
20921:
20890:
20679:
20670:
20432:
20283:
20195:
20114:
20103:
20082:
19879:
19797:
19771:
19745:
19704:
19693:
19672:
19641:
19630:
19619:
19501:
19455:
19444:
19404:
19378:
19352:
19343:
19320:
19278:
19231:
19217:
19208:
19199:
19165:
19097:
19064:
19055:
19003:
18987:
18966:
18945:
18924:
18915:
18879:
18870:
18866:
18853:
18727:
18688:
18679:
18620:
18613:
18560:
18547:
18537:
18521:
18484:
18421:
18363:
18326:
18286:
18260:
18229:
18206:
18196:
18123:
18079:
18056:
17986:
17968:
17959:
17874:
17805:
17782:
17773:
17764:
17748:
17744:
17731:
17702:
17685:
17637:
17601:
17570:
17552:
17543:
17511:
17478:
17471:
17433:
17402:
17393:
17341:
17284:
17275:
17268:
17202:
17159:
17096:
17018:
17009:
16979:
16958:
16919:
16892:
16874:
16822:
16783:
16765:
16737:
16721:
16682:
16478:
16432:
16379:
16372:
16294:
16231:
16131:
16027:
15946:
15927:
15918:
15881:
15828:
15807:
15798:
15788:
15758:
15751:
15739:
15725:
15673:
15583:
15567:
15532:
15509:
15502:
15464:
15431:
15403:
15380:
15318:
15240:
15212:
15194:
15156:
15135:
15092:
14938:
14890:
14847:
14838:
14810:
14799:
14771:
14714:
14695:
14686:
14635:
14582:
14564:
14555:
14502:
14478:
14469:
14441:
14426:
14422:
14409:
14405:
14392:
14358:
14329:
14308:
14280:
14271:
14214:
14191:
14182:
14154:
14136:
14132:
14119:
14041:
14009:
13971:
13964:
13942:Red Karen (Eastern Kayah)
13860:
13837:
13776:
13672:
13659:
13629:
13613:
13582:
13561:
13552:
13536:
13414:
13391:
13373:
13318:
13292:
13284:Sri Lankan sign languages
13246:
13225:
13130:
13105:
13098:
13068:
13011:
12950:
12935:
12908:
12887:
12842:
12805:
12796:
12773:
12766:
12743:
12737:Languages of South Africa
12695:Singaporean Sign Language
12687:
12627:
12562:
12495:
12440:
12433:
12392:
12373:
12338:
12322:
12315:
12261:
12236:
12213:
12204:
12149:comparison with Malaysian
12099:
12073:
12018:
11998:
11960:
11895:
11828:
11704:
11695:
11311:
11116:
11100:
11086:
11012:
10971:
10921:
10900:Indonesian Sign Languages
10890:
10851:
10810:
10747:
10710:
10631:
10624:
10540:Other creoles and pidgins
10539:
10402:
10398:
10387:
10292:
10269:
10231:
10198:
10170:
10152:
10104:
10076:
10053:
10025:
10002:
9964:
9941:
9903:
9885:
9832:
9764:
9731:
9708:
9645:
9537:
9364:
9276:
9238:
9180:
9152:
9114:
9041:
8998:
8935:
8832:
8749:
8745:
8732:
8646:
8463:
8310:
8287:
8272:
8229:
8009:
7911:
7618:
7545:
7541:
7528:
7483:
7445:
7387:
7369:
7360:
7217:
7127:
7069:
6981:
6818:
6717:
6685:
6392:
6320:
5803:
5774:
5770:
5757:
5710:
5705:Links to related articles
5695:Malay English Translation
5679:The Malay Spelling Reform
5607:10.1017/S0041977X00093204
5525:10.1163/22134379-90003733
5248:Susur galur bahasa Melayu
5246:Asmah Haji, Omar (1985).
5224:10.1017/S0025100308003320
5190:Hassan, Abdullah (1972).
5144:10.1017/S002510031100017X
5127:"Standard Malay (Brunei)"
4847:10.1017/S0022463401000169
4208:
4205:
4186:, and for 'declaration',
4163:, in Betawi and Perak as
3734:
2943:("nose") is allowed but *
2727:
2286:
2228:
2133:
2038:
2001:
1962:
1958:Malay consonant phonemes
1824:Indonesian road signs in
1656:Kedukan Bukit Inscription
1558:Malay is a member of the
1483:of the region during the
1405:Kedukan Bukit inscription
1260:
987:
973:
957:
638:
602:
584:
579:
539:
465:
379:Official language in
377:
372:
356:
280:
237:
209:
170:
149:
116:
78:
66:
51:
46:
41:
14077:templates for discussion
12268:Nearly extinct languages
10563:Flores Creole Portuguese
10547:Arabic-Javanese of Klego
5690:Malay English Dictionary
5685:Malay Chinese Dictionary
5673:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
5662:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
5261:Ahmad, Zaharani (1993).
5167:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
4337:
3840:Constitution of Malaysia
3827:Malay-diaspora in Ceylon
3727:words were brought into
2324:is 'z', the same as the
1897:Constitution of Malaysia
1471:Batu Bersurat Terengganu
1450:. The laws were for the
1253:, which appears to be a
1187:("unifying language" or
1017: East Timor, where
32:Not to be confused with
22523:Agglutinative languages
21657:Whitesands / East Tanna
12221:Malaysian Sign Language
10552:Bidau Creole Portuguese
5311:Adelaar, K. A. (1992).
5192:The Morphology of Malay
5049:"Malay (Bahasa Melayu)"
4747:10.52690/jswse.v1i3.114
3719:, who are now known as
3652:There are also several
1834:Sampai Rambu Berikutnya
1287:Maritime Southeast Asia
1275:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
1124:Maritime Southeast Asia
111:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
36:, a Dravidian language.
22533:Languages of Indonesia
22394:Wallisian / East Uvean
22369:Futunan / East Futunan
22117:Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua
18327:Luangic–Kisaric ?
16586:Kelantan-Pattani Malay
14113:Austronesian languages
14072:Austronesian languages
13219:Languages of Sri Lanka
12309:Languages of Singapore
12249:Selangor Sign Language
11368:Bruneian/Kedayan Malay
11173:Kelantan-Pattani Malay
10840:Modern Standard Arabic
5751:Languages of Indonesia
5376:10.33736/ils.1521.2019
4696:Bauer, Laurie (2007).
4667:"East Timor Languages"
4388:Blust, Robert (2013).
4311:Languages of Indonesia
4050:
3977:
3941:
3894:, Malay words—such as
3830:
3485:
3295:Malay does not have a
3223:agglutinative language
3085:Native languages area
2935:: the non-open vowels
2714:
2686:
1840:
1817:
1727:
1671:
1648:
1470:
1380:
1277:, a descendant of the
1231:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1073:
872:Kelantan-Pattani Malay
269:
263:
251:
53:
22543:Languages of Thailand
22538:Languages of Malaysia
21637:Kwamera / South Tanna
16611:Negeri Sembilan Malay
15863:Kota Marudu Talantang
14001:Southwestern Mandarin
13324:a liturgical language
13138:Tsotsitaal and Camtho
11488:Kota Marudu Talantang
11218:Negeri Sembilan Malay
10965:Languages of Malaysia
9647:East Cenderawasih Bay
8950:Casuarina Coast Asmat
5578:. Oxford: Routledge.
4048:
3972:
3936:
3850:gradually from 1974.
3808:
3526:mutually intelligible
3473:
2896:Some analyses regard
1907:gradually from 1974.
1823:
1815:
1808:Pluricentric language
1710:
1702:Hindu-Arabic numerals
1654:
1638:
1499:vocabularies, called
1315:empire, beginning in
1310:
1181:") is designated the
1088:Austronesian language
22553:Languages of Sumatra
21642:Lenakel / West Tanna
16505:Brunei/Kedayan Malay
14637:Southern Cordilleran
13327:a dialect of Sinhala
12938:unofficial languages
12374:Indigenous languages
12244:Penang Sign Language
12226:Manually Coded Malay
10485:North Moluccan Malay
7362:Philippine languages
5827:Anambas-Natuna Malay
5406:Uri, Tadmor (2003).
5169:. pp. 297–303.
4907:"Bahasa Melayu Kuno"
4071:North Moluccan Malay
3916:Philippine languages
3767:improve this section
3611:Kedayan/Brunei Malay
3349:improve this section
3120:(except Pontianak),
1532:West Papuan language
1438:era (1345–1377) of
1379:in the 13th century.
1323:, then expanding to
1283:Austronesian peoples
367:Manually Coded Malay
22528:Languages of Brunei
19424:Natügu / Santa Cruz
18261:Wetar–Galoli ?
17673:Toraja-Saʼdan
16932:Kawi / Old Javanese
15873:Klias River Kadazan
15320:Gorontalo–Mongondow
14584:Central Cordilleran
13665:by languages groups
13367:Languages of Brunei
13305:Ceylon Creole Dutch
12434:Immigrant languages
11727:Malaysian Cantonese
11483:Klias River Kadazan
10625:Immigrant languages
10417:Malay-based creoles
7389:Gorontalo-Mongondow
5278:Oceanic Linguistics
4913:on 26 December 2010
4599:on 29 October 2012.
4296:Indonesian language
4202:
3297:grammatical subject
3082:"Malay" provenance
3072:
2952:
2931:There is a rule of
2869:usually represents
2753:
2494:
1959:
1901:Peninsular Malaysia
1843:Malay is spoken in
1737:are co-official in
1289:from the island of
1179:Indonesian language
467:Recognised minority
22318:Rakahanga-Manihiki
22280:Cook Islands Māori
21545:Northeast Malakula
19784:Lavatbura–Lamusong
14840:Central Philippine
14126:Formosan languages
14049:Thai Sign Language
13973:Immigrant language
13415:Minority languages
13259:Sri Lankan English
13226:Official languages
12817:(Sesotho sa Leboa)
12074:Mixed & Others
11816:Malaysian Mandarin
10612:Pidgin Tukang Besi
10574:Judeo-Manado Malay
7371:Central Philippine
6719:Northwest Sumatra–
5999:Kotawaringin Malay
5954:Jaring Halus Malay
5423:10.15144/PL-550.15
4873:Mühlhäusler, Peter
4570:James T. Collins (
4332:Malaysian language
4197:
4159:, in Palembang as
4140:in Ambon dialect.
4051:
4028:dialect (known as
3978:
3942:
3831:
3486:
3404:. You can help by
3258:grammatical gender
3229:), formation of a
3070:
2950:
2751:
2492:
1957:
1869:vernacular dialect
1841:
1818:
1728:
1717:mirror for princes
1713:The Crown of Kings
1672:
1649:
1452:Minangkabau people
1381:
22558:Languages of Aceh
22500:
22499:
22494:
22493:
22468:
22467:
22464:
22463:
22460:
22459:
22456:
22455:
22452:
22451:
22448:
22447:
22444:
22443:
22440:
22439:
22407:
22406:
22094:
22093:
22090:
22089:
22086:
22085:
21905:
21904:
21901:
21900:
21897:
21896:
21893:
21892:
21678:
21677:
21583:
21582:
21247:
21246:
20946:
20945:
20942:
20941:
20666:
20665:
20099:
20098:
20095:
20094:
19615:
19614:
19440:
19439:
19316:
19315:
19195:
19194:
19191:
19190:
19051:
19050:
18849:
18848:
18845:
18844:
18841:
18840:
18837:
18836:
18833:
18832:
18517:
18516:
18052:
18051:
17955:
17954:
17870:
17869:
17727:
17726:
17723:
17722:
17698:
17697:
17681:
17680:
17539:
17538:
17389:
17388:
17385:
17384:
17337:
17336:
16888:
16887:
16870:
16869:
16774:Northwest Sumatra
16761:
16760:
16678:
16677:
16674:
16673:
16565:Kendayan / Selako
16127:
16126:
16023:
16022:
16019:
16018:
15914:
15913:
15735:
15734:
15721:
15720:
15563:
15562:
15559:
15558:
15395:Calamian Tagbanwa
15376:
15375:
15152:
15151:
15064:Southern Sorsogon
15039:Northern Sorsogon
14998:
14991:
14881:
14874:
14767:
14766:
14682:
14681:
14678:
14677:
14443:Batanic (Bashiic)
14399:Malayo–Polynesian
14388:
14387:
14384:
14383:
14354:
14353:
14267:
14266:
14062:
14061:
14037:
14036:
13960:
13959:
13655:
13654:
13537:Official language
13485:
13484:
13375:Official language
13333:
13332:
13185:
13184:
13181:
13180:
13094:
13093:
12943:1996 constitution
12931:
12930:
12927:
12926:
12852:Southern Ndebele
12703:
12702:
12683:
12682:
12369:
12368:
12275:
12274:
12265:Extinct languages
12257:
12256:
12014:
12013:
11691:
11690:
11523:Mainstream Kenyah
11008:
11007:
10931:
10930:
10925:extinct languages
10917:
10916:
10913:
10912:
10886:
10885:
10826:Indonesian Arabic
10620:
10619:
10535:
10534:
10383:
10382:
10379:
10378:
9190:Grand Valley Dani
9043:South Bird's Head
8834:Timor–Alor–Pantar
8728:
8727:
8724:
8723:
7524:
7523:
7520:
7519:
7516:
7515:
5964:Kapuas Hulu Malay
5775:Official language
5585:978-1-136-84879-7
5176:978-983-62-9484-5
5108:978-983-068-307-2
5012:978-0-86840-598-8
4982:978-0-86840-598-8
4892:978-3-11-081972-4
4877:Tryon, Darrell T.
4773:Clyne, Michael J.
4537:(27th ed., 2024)
4519:(27th ed., 2024)
4501:(27th ed., 2024)
4483:(27th ed., 2024)
4465:(27th ed., 2024)
4447:(27th ed., 2024)
4429:(27th ed., 2024)
4407:978-1-922185-07-5
4326:Malaysian English
4282:
4281:
4217:Standard "Malay"
4198:Article 1 of the
4046:
3970:
3934:
3870:Majulah Singapura
3811:Alamat Langkapuri
3803:
3802:
3795:
3649:may belong here.
3510:Southern Thailand
3466:Malayic languages
3438:Sinitic languages
3422:
3421:
3385:
3384:
3377:
3208:
3207:
3177:, Mataraman (eg.
3064:
3063:
2973:& Indonesian
2877:is used for both
2867:⟨e⟩
2859:⟨e⟩
2857:are written with
2847:Orthographic note
2844:
2843:
2722:
2721:
2482:Loans from Arabic
2405:the glottal stop
2311:Orthographic note
2308:
2307:
2267:
2238:
2193:
2143:
2099:
2053:
1615:standard language
1603:Malayic languages
1590:. There are many
1485:Malacca Sultanate
1429:Malay Archipelago
1271:Malayic languages
1221:Malayic languages
1140:bahasa kebangsaan
1092:official language
1033:
1032:
892:Kota Bangun Kutai
653:Individual codes:
541:Regulated by
187:Malayo-Polynesian
23:Malayic languages
22565:
22188:
22187:
22177:
22176:
22140:
22139:
22107:
22106:
21972:
21971:
21938:
21937:
21916:
21915:
21722:
21721:
21689:
21688:
21594:
21593:
21335:
21334:
21329:Southeast Ambrym
21260:
21259:
20970:
20969:
20959:
20958:
20812:Arifama-Miniafia
20677:
20676:
20112:
20111:
19702:
19701:
19639:
19638:
19628:
19627:
19456:Gela–Guadalcanal
19453:
19452:
19419:Engdewu / Nanggu
19406:Reefs–Santa Cruz
19350:
19349:
19215:
19214:
19206:
19205:
19062:
19061:
18922:
18921:
18877:
18876:
18868:
18867:
18855:
18854:
18686:
18685:
18618:
18617:
18545:
18544:
18485:Southwest Maluku
18204:
18203:
17966:
17965:
17780:
17779:
17771:
17770:
17746:
17745:
17733:
17732:
17609:Aralle-Tabulahan
17602:Pitu Ulunna Salu
17550:
17549:
17476:
17475:
17400:
17399:
17282:
17281:
17273:
17272:
17016:
17015:
16781:
16780:
16776:–Barrier Islands
16770:
16769:
16661:Terengganu Malay
16437:
16436:
16377:
16376:
15925:
15924:
15868:Rungus / Momogun
15805:
15804:
15796:
15795:
15756:
15755:
15749:
15748:
15708:West Coast Bajaw
15581:
15580:
15572:
15571:
15568:Greater Barito *
15507:
15506:
15310:Western Bukidnon
15176:Central Tagbanwa
15166:Aborlan Tagbanwa
14994:
14987:
14920:Mount Iriga Agta
14915:Mount Iraya Agta
14877:
14869:
14845:
14844:
14812:Southern Mindoro
14808:
14807:
14773:Northern Mindoro
14693:
14692:
14562:
14561:
14557:Meso-Cordilleran
14476:
14475:
14439:
14438:
14424:
14423:
14411:
14410:
14407:
14406:
14394:
14393:
14278:
14277:
14189:
14188:
14134:
14133:
14121:
14120:
14106:
14099:
14092:
14083:
14082:
14011:Working language
13969:
13968:
13813:
13806:
13799:
13722:
13715:
13670:
13669:
13666:
13559:
13558:
13524:
13523:
13522:
13512:
13505:
13498:
13489:
13488:
13360:
13353:
13346:
13337:
13336:
13264:Sri Lankan Malay
13254:Sri Lankan Tamil
13212:
13205:
13198:
13189:
13188:
13163:SA Sign Language
13103:
13102:
12993:Northern Ndebele
12948:
12947:
12940:mentioned in the
12803:
12802:
12771:
12770:
12730:
12723:
12716:
12707:
12706:
12438:
12437:
12393:Creole languages
12380:Johor-Riau Malay
12320:
12319:
12302:
12295:
12288:
12279:
12278:
12211:
12210:
11811:Mandarin Chinese
11702:
11701:
11298:Terengganu Malay
11098:
11097:
10976:
10975:
10958:
10951:
10944:
10935:
10934:
10867:
10842:
10835:
10828:
10728:
10726:Indonesian Dutch
10686:
10679:
10629:
10628:
10537:
10536:
10526:
10512:
10493:
10413:
10412:
10400:
10399:
10389:
10388:
9454:Kwerba Mamberamo
9116:East Bird's Head
9000:West Bird's Head
8747:
8746:
8739:Papuan languages
8734:
8733:
7995:
7988:
7981:
7974:
7967:
7960:
7953:
7946:
7939:
7787:Lisabata-Nuniali
7712:
7705:
7698:
7691:
7543:
7542:
7530:
7529:
7367:
7366:
7351:
7344:
7337:
7305:
7298:
7291:
7284:
7260:
6828:Aralle-Tabulahan
6779:
6772:
6765:
6758:
6751:
6744:
6737:
6703:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6357:
6350:
6343:
6336:
6306:
6299:
6292:
6285:
6231:
6224:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6164:
6157:
6150:
6143:
6136:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6084:
6070:
6063:
6029:
6022:
5943:
5936:
5852:
5845:
5821:
5794:
5786:
5772:
5771:
5759:
5758:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5737:
5730:
5723:
5714:
5713:
5701:
5700:
5637:
5626:
5589:
5568:
5547:
5537:
5527:
5491:
5490:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5452:
5446:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5412:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5378:
5354:
5348:
5347:
5326:10.15144/pl-c119
5319:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5273:
5267:
5266:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5243:
5237:
5236:
5226:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5187:
5181:
5180:
5162:Tatabahasa Dewan
5156:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5122:
5113:
5112:
5092:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5045:
5039:
5023:
5017:
5016:
4996:
4987:
4986:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4958:(in Indonesian).
4947:
4941:
4937:16 June 2007 at
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4832:
4823:
4817:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4749:
4725:
4719:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4673:. Archived from
4663:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4635:
4629:
4620:
4614:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4567:
4565:
4553:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4526:
4525:
4508:
4507:
4490:
4489:
4472:
4471:
4454:
4453:
4436:
4435:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4385:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4348:
4203:
4196:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4047:
3971:
3935:
3846:in 1968, and in
3798:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3778:
3747:
3739:
3629:, Natuna Malay,
3559:(Malaysia), and
3417:
3414:
3395:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3360:
3329:
3321:
3073:
3069:
2953:
2949:
2938:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2899:
2884:
2880:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2838:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2794:
2785:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2717:
2710:
2701:
2689:
2682:
2673:
2662:"second (time)"
2656:
2647:
2630:
2622:
2613:
2602:"noon (prayer)"
2596:
2588:
2579:
2566:
2558:
2549:
2532:
2524:
2515:
2495:
2491:
2476:
2466:
2456:
2446:
2436:
2426:
2412:
2401:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2367:
2357:
2347:
2339:
2331:
2323:
2298:
2276:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2234:
2221:
2210:
2201:
2189:
2184:
2176:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2095:
2089:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2049:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
1981:Post‑alv.
1960:
1956:
1770:are used by the
1723:in Jawi script.
1660:Pallava alphabet
1641:Rencong alphabet
1528:Ternate language
1524:Francisco Serrão
1473:
1401:Grantha alphabet
1273:. Its ancestor,
1239:Peninsular Malay
1236:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1174:Bahasa Indonesia
1170:
1164:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1129:The language is
1085:
1084:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1026:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
983:
969:
949:
939:
929:
919:
909:
899:
889:
879:
869:
859:
849:
839:
829:
819:
809:
799:
789:
779:
769:
759:
749:
739:
729:
719:
709:
699:
689:
679:
669:
659:
651:– inclusive code
650:
643:
634:
628:
621:
615:
607:
598:
597:
589:
469:language in
450:
448:
447:
437:
435:
434:
424:
422:
421:
406:
404:
403:
393:
391:
390:
362:
286:
272:
266:
254:
252:Bahasa Indonesia
227:Pre-Modern Malay
176:
107:Christmas Island
74:
62:
61:
56:
47:Malay-Indonesian
39:
38:
22573:
22572:
22568:
22567:
22566:
22564:
22563:
22562:
22503:
22502:
22501:
22496:
22495:
22490:
22489:
22436:
22403:
22342:
22263:
22234:
22182:
22166:
22131:
22101:
22082:
22049:
21966:
21959:
21933:
21927:
21889:
21787:
21713:
21692:Loyalty Islands
21684:
21674:
21661:
21652:Southwest Tanna
21625:
21604:Erromanga / Sie
21579:
21376:
21333:
21265:
21255:
21253:
21243:
21172:Cape Cumberland
21142:
21115:South Pentecost
21110:
21091:Northeast Ambae
21074:North Pentecost
21073:
21067:
20964:
20953:
20938:
20917:
20891:Kilivila–Misima
20886:
20662:
20428:
20279:
20191:
20117:
20106:
20091:
20078:
19882:
19875:
19793:
19767:
19741:
19697:
19695:
19689:
19668:
19633:
19622:
19611:
19503:
19497:
19447:
19436:
19400:
19374:
19339:
19312:
19292:Southern Kaniet
19286:Northern Kaniet
19274:
19227:
19187:
19161:
19093:
19047:
19005:South Halmahera
18999:
18983:
18962:
18941:
18911:
18862:
18829:
18723:
18675:
18609:
18556:
18533:
18513:
18480:
18461:Southeast Babar
18436:Dawera-Daweloor
18417:
18359:
18322:
18282:
18256:
18230:Central Timor *
18225:
18192:
18119:
18075:
18048:
17982:
17951:
17866:
17801:
17760:
17740:
17719:
17694:
17677:
17633:
17597:
17566:
17535:
17507:
17467:
17429:
17381:
17333:
17264:
17204:Tomini–Tolitoli
17198:
17155:
17092:
17005:
16982:
16975:
16954:
16915:
16884:
16866:
16818:
16775:
16757:
16733:
16717:
16670:
16641:Pontianak Malay
16474:
16428:
16373:Malayo–Chamic *
16368:
16290:
16227:
16161:Kanowit–Tanjong
16133:Central Sarawak
16123:
16038:Kenyah / Bakung
16015:
15942:
15920:
15910:
15877:
15858:Eastern Kadazan
15846:Coastal Kadazan
15824:
15800:
15790:Southwest Sabah
15784:
15760:Northeast Sabah
15742:
15731:
15717:
15698:Pangutaran Sama
15669:
15555:
15528:
15498:
15460:
15427:
15399:
15372:
15314:
15265:Cotabato Manobo
15236:
15208:
15204:Western Subanon
15190:
15148:
15131:
15088:
14934:
14886:
14834:
14802:
14801:Greater Central
14795:
14763:
14710:
14674:
14631:
14578:
14551:
14498:
14465:
14430:
14418:
14401:
14380:
14359:Southern ?
14350:
14325:
14304:
14263:
14216:
14210:
14178:
14150:
14128:
14115:
14110:
14080:
14063:
14058:
14033:
14005:
13956:
13856:
13833:
13809:
13802:
13795:
13772:
13718:
13711:
13664:
13663:
13651:
13625:
13609:
13578:
13548:
13532:
13520:
13518:
13516:
13486:
13481:
13410:
13387:
13369:
13364:
13334:
13329:
13314:
13288:
13242:
13221:
13216:
13186:
13177:
13126:
13090:
13064:
13007:
12941:
12939:
12937:
12923:
12904:
12883:
12838:
12823:Southern Sotho
12815:Northern Sotho
12792:
12762:
12739:
12734:
12704:
12699:
12679:
12623:
12558:
12491:
12429:
12388:
12365:
12334:
12311:
12306:
12276:
12271:
12253:
12232:
12200:
12095:
12069:
12010:
11994:
11956:
11897:
11891:
11851:Malaysian Tamil
11824:
11697:
11687:
11408:Eastern Kadazan
11388:Coastal Kadazan
11314:
11307:
11119:
11112:
11091:
11082:
11004:
10967:
10962:
10932:
10927:
10909:
10882:
10863:
10847:
10838:
10833:Hadhrami Arabic
10831:
10824:
10806:
10743:
10724:
10706:
10682:
10675:
10616:
10531:
10522:
10508:
10489:
10465:Larantuka Malay
10455:Gorontalo Malay
10394:
10393:Other languages
10375:
10288:
10271:Lower Mamberamo
10265:
10227:
10194:
10166:
10148:
10100:
10072:
10049:
10021:
9998:
9960:
9937:
9899:
9881:
9828:
9760:
9727:
9704:
9641:
9533:
9360:
9272:
9234:
9176:
9148:
9110:
9037:
8994:
8931:
8828:
8751:North Halmahera
8741:
8720:
8648:Western Oceanic
8642:
8593:Southeast Babar
8493:Dawera-Daweloor
8459:
8306:
8283:
8268:
8225:
8012:
8005:
7991:
7984:
7977:
7970:
7963:
7956:
7949:
7942:
7935:
7907:
7772:Larike-Wakasihu
7710:Rohomoni-Kabauw
7708:
7701:
7694:
7687:
7614:
7537:
7512:
7479:
7441:
7383:
7356:
7347:
7340:
7333:
7301:
7294:
7287:
7280:
7256:
7213:
7123:
7065:
6977:
6814:
6775:
6768:
6761:
6754:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6721:Barrier Islands
6720:
6713:
6699:
6681:
6388:
6374:
6367:
6360:
6353:
6346:
6339:
6332:
6316:
6302:
6295:
6288:
6281:
6227:
6220:
6213:
6206:
6199:
6190:Pontianak Malay
6160:
6153:
6146:
6139:
6132:
6108:
6101:
6094:
6087:
6080:
6066:
6059:
6025:
6018:
5939:
5932:
5848:
5841:
5817:
5805:Malayo-Sumbawan
5799:
5790:
5782:
5766:
5753:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5706:
5644:
5586:
5500:
5498:Further reading
5495:
5494:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5465:
5463:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5441:
5437:
5427:
5425:
5410:
5404:
5400:
5355:
5351:
5336:
5317:
5309:
5305:
5290:10.2307/3622989
5274:
5270:
5259:
5255:
5244:
5240:
5203:
5199:
5188:
5184:
5177:
5157:
5153:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5093:
5089:
5079:
5077:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5057:
5055:
5047:
5046:
5042:
5024:
5020:
5013:
4997:
4990:
4983:
4967:
4963:
4956:kemdikbud.go.id
4948:
4944:
4930:
4926:
4916:
4914:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4893:
4866:
4862:
4830:
4824:
4820:
4813:
4809:
4798:
4794:
4787:
4769:Asmah Haji Omar
4766:
4762:
4752:
4750:
4726:
4722:
4709:
4705:
4694:
4690:
4680:
4678:
4677:on 4 March 2016
4665:
4664:
4657:
4647:
4645:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4621:
4617:
4608:
4604:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4563:
4561:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4538:
4529:Baba Indonesian
4527:
4520:
4509:
4502:
4491:
4484:
4473:
4466:
4455:
4448:
4437:
4430:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4386:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4368:
4362:
4358:
4349:
4345:
4340:
4305:Arabic alphabet
4287:
4275:
4266:
4237:
4230:
4176:
4138:katong pu rumah
4130:torang pe rumah
4035:
4006:Palembang Malay
3959:
3921:
3866:national anthem
3799:
3788:
3782:
3779:
3764:
3748:
3737:
3725:Classical Malay
3557:Negeri Sembilan
3482:Betawi language
3468:
3462:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3402:needs expansion
3396:
3381:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3346:
3330:
3319:
3313:
3219:
3213:
2866:
2861:. Orthographic
2858:
2730:
2724:
2043:
1984:
1974:
1952:
1940:
1938:Malay phonology
1934:
1903:in 1968 and in
1810:
1800:
1725:British Library
1633:
1627:
1599:forms of speech
1556:
1550:
1514:in present-day
1501:Classical Malay
1427:throughout the
1397:Pallava variety
1341:Malay Peninsula
1333:Bangka Belitung
1305:
1299:
1263:
1223:. According to
1209:Classical Malay
1203:West Kalimantan
1152:Bahasa Malaysia
1146:bahasa nasional
1067:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1000:
999: Indonesia
996:
979:
965:
952:Negeri Sembilan
945:
944:
935:
934:
925:
924:
915:
914:
905:
904:
895:
894:
885:
884:
875:
874:
865:
864:
855:
854:
845:
844:
835:
834:
825:
824:
815:
814:
805:
804:
795:
794:
785:
784:
775:
774:
765:
764:
755:
754:
745:
744:
735:
734:
725:
724:
715:
714:
712:Baba Indonesian
705:
704:
695:
694:
685:
684:
675:
674:
665:
664:
655:
654:
652:
646:
639:
624:
623:
622:
611:
610:
603:
593:
592:
585:
575:
535:
534:
470:
468:
461:
445:
443:
432:
430:
419:
417:
401:
399:
388:
386:
380:
373:Official status
363:
358:
352:
333:
287:
282:
276:
270:Bahasa Malaysia
259:Malaysian Malay
240:
233:
222:Classical Malay
212:
205:
177:
174:Language family
172:
157:
145:
57:
37:
30:
27:Malaysian Malay
17:
12:
11:
5:
22571:
22561:
22560:
22555:
22550:
22545:
22540:
22535:
22530:
22525:
22520:
22515:
22513:Malay language
22498:
22497:
22492:
22491:
22488:
22487:
22485:extinct status
22481:
22478:
22474:
22473:
22470:
22469:
22466:
22465:
22462:
22461:
22458:
22457:
22454:
22453:
22450:
22449:
22446:
22445:
22442:
22441:
22438:
22437:
22435:
22434:
22429:
22424:
22417:
22415:
22409:
22408:
22405:
22404:
22402:
22401:
22396:
22391:
22386:
22381:
22376:
22371:
22366:
22361:
22356:
22350:
22348:
22344:
22343:
22341:
22340:
22335:
22330:
22325:
22320:
22315:
22310:
22305:
22304:
22303:
22292:
22287:
22282:
22277:
22271:
22269:
22265:
22264:
22262:
22261:
22256:
22251:
22244:
22242:
22236:
22235:
22233:
22232:
22227:
22222:
22217:
22212:
22207:
22202:
22197:
22195:Kapingamarangi
22191:
22185:
22174:
22168:
22167:
22165:
22164:
22159:
22154:
22149:
22143:
22137:
22133:
22132:
22130:
22129:
22127:Western Fijian
22124:
22119:
22113:
22111:
22104:
22096:
22095:
22092:
22091:
22088:
22087:
22084:
22083:
22081:
22080:
22075:
22070:
22065:
22059:
22057:
22051:
22050:
22048:
22047:
22042:
22037:
22032:
22027:
22022:
22017:
22012:
22007:
22002:
21997:
21991:
21986:
21980:
21978:
21969:
21961:
21960:
21958:
21957:
21952:
21947:
21941:
21935:
21929:
21928:
21926:
21925:
21919:
21913:
21907:
21906:
21903:
21902:
21899:
21898:
21895:
21894:
21891:
21890:
21888:
21887:
21882:
21876:
21871:
21866:
21861:
21856:
21851:
21846:
21841:
21836:
21831:
21826:
21821:
21816:
21811:
21806:
21801:
21795:
21793:
21789:
21788:
21786:
21785:
21779:
21774:
21769:
21764:
21759:
21754:
21749:
21744:
21739:
21734:
21728:
21726:
21719:
21718:New Caledonian
21715:
21714:
21712:
21711:
21706:
21701:
21695:
21693:
21686:
21680:
21679:
21676:
21675:
21673:
21672:
21666:
21663:
21662:
21660:
21659:
21654:
21649:
21644:
21639:
21633:
21631:
21627:
21626:
21624:
21623:
21617:
21612:
21606:
21600:
21598:
21591:
21585:
21584:
21581:
21580:
21578:
21577:
21572:
21567:
21562:
21557:
21552:
21547:
21542:
21537:
21532:
21527:
21522:
21517:
21512:
21507:
21502:
21497:
21492:
21487:
21482:
21477:
21472:
21467:
21462:
21457:
21452:
21447:
21442:
21437:
21432:
21427:
21422:
21417:
21412:
21407:
21402:
21397:
21392:
21386:
21384:
21378:
21377:
21375:
21374:
21369:
21364:
21359:
21354:
21349:
21343:
21341:
21332:
21331:
21326:
21321:
21316:
21311:
21306:
21301:
21296:
21291:
21286:
21281:
21276:
21270:
21268:
21257:
21249:
21248:
21245:
21244:
21242:
21241:
21236:
21231:
21226:
21221:
21216:
21211:
21206:
21201:
21196:
21191:
21186:
21181:
21180:
21179:
21169:
21164:
21158:
21152:
21150:
21148:Espiritu Santo
21144:
21143:
21141:
21140:
21134:
21129:
21124:
21118:
21116:
21112:
21111:
21109:
21108:
21103:
21098:
21093:
21088:
21083:
21077:
21075:
21069:
21068:
21066:
21065:
21060:
21054:
21049:
21044:
21039:
21034:
21029:
21024:
21019:
21014:
21009:
21004:
20999:
20994:
20989:
20984:
20978:
20976:
20967:
20956:
20948:
20947:
20944:
20943:
20940:
20939:
20937:
20936:
20931:
20925:
20923:
20919:
20918:
20916:
20915:
20910:
20905:
20900:
20894:
20892:
20888:
20887:
20885:
20884:
20879:
20874:
20869:
20864:
20859:
20854:
20849:
20844:
20839:
20834:
20829:
20824:
20819:
20814:
20809:
20804:
20799:
20794:
20789:
20784:
20779:
20774:
20769:
20764:
20759:
20754:
20749:
20744:
20739:
20734:
20729:
20724:
20719:
20714:
20709:
20704:
20699:
20694:
20689:
20683:
20681:
20674:
20668:
20667:
20664:
20663:
20661:
20660:
20655:
20650:
20645:
20640:
20635:
20630:
20625:
20620:
20615:
20610:
20605:
20600:
20595:
20590:
20585:
20580:
20575:
20570:
20565:
20560:
20555:
20550:
20545:
20540:
20535:
20529:
20524:
20519:
20514:
20509:
20504:
20499:
20494:
20489:
20484:
20479:
20474:
20469:
20464:
20459:
20454:
20449:
20444:
20438:
20436:
20430:
20429:
20427:
20426:
20421:
20416:
20411:
20406:
20401:
20396:
20391:
20386:
20381:
20376:
20371:
20366:
20361:
20356:
20351:
20346:
20341:
20336:
20331:
20326:
20321:
20316:
20311:
20305:
20300:
20295:
20289:
20287:
20281:
20280:
20278:
20277:
20272:
20267:
20262:
20257:
20252:
20247:
20242:
20237:
20232:
20227:
20222:
20217:
20212:
20207:
20201:
20199:
20193:
20192:
20190:
20189:
20184:
20179:
20174:
20169:
20164:
20159:
20154:
20149:
20144:
20139:
20134:
20129:
20123:
20121:
20109:
20101:
20100:
20097:
20096:
20093:
20092:
20090:
20089:
20083:
20080:
20079:
20077:
20076:
20071:
20066:
20061:
20056:
20051:
20045:
20040:
20035:
20030:
20025:
20020:
20015:
20010:
20005:
20000:
19995:
19990:
19985:
19980:
19975:
19970:
19965:
19960:
19954:
19949:
19944:
19938:
19933:
19928:
19923:
19918:
19913:
19908:
19903:
19898:
19893:
19887:
19885:
19877:
19876:
19874:
19873:
19868:
19863:
19858:
19853:
19848:
19843:
19838:
19833:
19828:
19823:
19818:
19812:
19807:
19801:
19799:
19795:
19794:
19792:
19791:
19786:
19781:
19775:
19773:
19769:
19768:
19766:
19765:
19760:
19755:
19749:
19747:
19743:
19742:
19740:
19739:
19734:
19729:
19724:
19719:
19714:
19708:
19706:
19699:
19691:
19690:
19688:
19687:
19682:
19676:
19674:
19670:
19669:
19667:
19666:
19661:
19656:
19651:
19645:
19643:
19636:
19625:
19617:
19616:
19613:
19612:
19610:
19609:
19604:
19599:
19594:
19589:
19584:
19579:
19574:
19569:
19564:
19559:
19554:
19549:
19543:
19538:
19533:
19528:
19523:
19518:
19513:
19507:
19505:
19499:
19498:
19496:
19495:
19490:
19485:
19480:
19475:
19470:
19465:
19459:
19457:
19450:
19442:
19441:
19438:
19437:
19435:
19434:
19433:
19432:
19429:
19421:
19416:
19410:
19408:
19402:
19401:
19399:
19398:
19393:
19388:
19382:
19380:
19376:
19375:
19373:
19372:
19367:
19362:
19356:
19354:
19347:
19341:
19340:
19338:
19337:
19332:
19326:
19324:
19322:Saint Matthias
19318:
19317:
19314:
19313:
19311:
19310:
19305:
19300:
19295:
19289:
19282:
19280:
19276:
19275:
19273:
19272:
19267:
19262:
19257:
19252:
19246:
19241:
19235:
19233:
19229:
19228:
19226:
19225:
19218:
19212:
19203:
19197:
19196:
19193:
19192:
19189:
19188:
19186:
19185:
19180:
19175:
19169:
19167:
19163:
19162:
19160:
19159:
19154:
19149:
19144:
19139:
19134:
19129:
19124:
19119:
19114:
19109:
19103:
19101:
19095:
19094:
19092:
19091:
19086:
19081:
19076:
19070:
19068:
19059:
19053:
19052:
19049:
19048:
19046:
19045:
19040:
19035:
19030:
19025:
19020:
19015:
19009:
19007:
19001:
19000:
18998:
18997:
18991:
18989:
18985:
18984:
18982:
18981:
18976:
18970:
18968:
18964:
18963:
18961:
18960:
18955:
18949:
18947:
18943:
18942:
18940:
18939:
18934:
18928:
18926:
18919:
18913:
18912:
18910:
18909:
18903:
18897:
18892:
18887:
18880:
18874:
18864:
18863:
18851:
18850:
18847:
18846:
18843:
18842:
18839:
18838:
18835:
18834:
18831:
18830:
18828:
18827:
18822:
18817:
18812:
18807:
18802:
18796:
18791:
18786:
18781:
18776:
18771:
18766:
18761:
18756:
18751:
18746:
18740:
18734:
18732:
18725:
18724:
18722:
18721:
18716:
18711:
18706:
18701:
18696:
18689:
18683:
18677:
18676:
18674:
18673:
18668:
18663:
18658:
18652:
18647:
18642:
18637:
18632:
18627:
18621:
18615:
18611:
18610:
18608:
18607:
18602:
18597:
18592:
18586:
18580:
18575:
18570:
18564:
18562:
18558:
18557:
18555:
18554:
18548:
18542:
18539:Central Maluku
18535:
18534:
18532:
18531:
18525:
18523:
18519:
18518:
18515:
18514:
18512:
18511:
18505:
18499:
18494:
18488:
18486:
18482:
18481:
18479:
18478:
18473:
18468:
18463:
18458:
18453:
18448:
18443:
18438:
18433:
18427:
18425:
18419:
18418:
18416:
18415:
18410:
18405:
18400:
18395:
18390:
18385:
18380:
18375:
18369:
18367:
18361:
18360:
18358:
18357:
18351:
18346:
18341:
18336:
18330:
18328:
18324:
18323:
18321:
18320:
18314:
18308:
18303:
18298:
18292:
18290:
18284:
18283:
18281:
18280:
18275:
18270:
18264:
18262:
18258:
18257:
18255:
18254:
18249:
18244:
18239:
18233:
18231:
18227:
18226:
18224:
18223:
18218:
18213:
18207:
18201:
18194:
18193:
18191:
18190:
18185:
18180:
18175:
18170:
18165:
18160:
18155:
18150:
18145:
18140:
18135:
18129:
18127:
18121:
18120:
18118:
18117:
18112:
18107:
18102:
18097:
18092:
18086:
18084:
18077:
18076:
18074:
18073:
18068:
18062:
18060:
18054:
18053:
18050:
18049:
18047:
18046:
18041:
18036:
18031:
18026:
18021:
18016:
18011:
18006:
18001:
17996:
17990:
17988:
17984:
17983:
17981:
17980:
17975:
17969:
17963:
17961:Flores–Lembata
17957:
17956:
17953:
17952:
17950:
17949:
17944:
17939:
17934:
17929:
17924:
17919:
17914:
17909:
17904:
17899:
17894:
17889:
17884:
17878:
17876:
17875:Western Flores
17872:
17871:
17868:
17867:
17865:
17864:
17863:
17862:
17852:
17847:
17842:
17837:
17832:
17827:
17822:
17817:
17811:
17809:
17803:
17802:
17800:
17799:
17794:
17788:
17786:
17777:
17768:
17762:
17761:
17759:
17758:
17752:
17750:
17742:
17741:
17729:
17728:
17725:
17724:
17721:
17720:
17718:
17717:
17712:
17706:
17704:
17700:
17699:
17696:
17695:
17693:
17692:
17686:
17683:
17682:
17679:
17678:
17676:
17675:
17670:
17664:
17659:
17658:
17657:
17647:
17641:
17639:
17635:
17634:
17632:
17631:
17626:
17621:
17616:
17611:
17605:
17603:
17599:
17598:
17596:
17595:
17590:
17585:
17580:
17574:
17572:
17568:
17567:
17565:
17564:
17559:
17553:
17547:
17541:
17540:
17537:
17536:
17534:
17533:
17528:
17523:
17517:
17515:
17509:
17508:
17506:
17505:
17500:
17495:
17490:
17484:
17482:
17473:
17469:
17468:
17466:
17465:
17460:
17458:Highland Konjo
17455:
17450:
17445:
17439:
17437:
17431:
17430:
17428:
17427:
17422:
17417:
17412:
17406:
17404:
17397:
17395:South Sulawesi
17391:
17390:
17387:
17386:
17383:
17382:
17380:
17379:
17374:
17369:
17363:
17358:
17353:
17347:
17345:
17339:
17338:
17335:
17334:
17332:
17331:
17326:
17321:
17316:
17311:
17306:
17301:
17296:
17291:
17285:
17279:
17270:
17266:
17265:
17263:
17262:
17256:
17251:
17246:
17241:
17236:
17231:
17226:
17221:
17215:
17209:
17207:
17200:
17199:
17197:
17196:
17191:
17186:
17181:
17176:
17171:
17165:
17163:
17161:Saluan–Banggai
17157:
17156:
17154:
17153:
17148:
17143:
17138:
17133:
17128:
17123:
17118:
17113:
17108:
17102:
17100:
17094:
17093:
17091:
17090:
17085:
17080:
17075:
17070:
17065:
17060:
17055:
17050:
17045:
17040:
17035:
17030:
17024:
17022:
17013:
17007:
17006:
17004:
17003:
16998:
16993:
16987:
16985:
16977:
16976:
16974:
16973:
16968:
16962:
16960:
16956:
16955:
16953:
16952:
16951:
16950:
16945:
16940:
16935:
16923:
16921:
16917:
16916:
16914:
16913:
16908:
16905:
16902:
16896:
16894:
16890:
16889:
16886:
16885:
16883:
16882:
16875:
16872:
16871:
16868:
16867:
16865:
16864:
16859:
16854:
16849:
16844:
16839:
16834:
16828:
16826:
16820:
16819:
16817:
16816:
16811:
16806:
16801:
16796:
16791:
16784:
16778:
16767:
16763:
16762:
16759:
16758:
16756:
16755:
16750:
16744:
16742:
16735:
16734:
16732:
16731:
16725:
16723:
16719:
16718:
16716:
16715:
16714:
16713:
16708:
16703:
16698:
16686:
16684:
16680:
16679:
16676:
16675:
16672:
16671:
16669:
16668:
16663:
16658:
16653:
16648:
16643:
16638:
16633:
16628:
16623:
16618:
16613:
16608:
16603:
16598:
16593:
16588:
16583:
16578:
16573:
16568:
16562:
16557:
16552:
16547:
16542:
16537:
16532:
16527:
16522:
16517:
16512:
16507:
16502:
16497:
16496:
16495:
16490:
16479:
16476:
16475:
16473:
16472:
16467:
16462:
16457:
16451:
16445:
16443:
16434:
16430:
16429:
16427:
16426:
16421:
16416:
16411:
16406:
16401:
16396:
16391:
16385:
16383:
16374:
16370:
16369:
16367:
16366:
16361:
16356:
16351:
16346:
16341:
16336:
16331:
16326:
16321:
16316:
16311:
16306:
16300:
16298:
16292:
16291:
16289:
16288:
16283:
16278:
16273:
16268:
16263:
16258:
16253:
16248:
16243:
16237:
16235:
16229:
16228:
16226:
16225:
16219:
16213:
16208:
16203:
16198:
16196:Bah-Biau Punan
16193:
16188:
16183:
16178:
16173:
16168:
16163:
16158:
16153:
16148:
16143:
16137:
16135:
16129:
16128:
16125:
16124:
16122:
16121:
16116:
16111:
16106:
16101:
16096:
16091:
16086:
16081:
16076:
16071:
16066:
16060:
16055:
16050:
16045:
16040:
16034:
16032:
16025:
16024:
16021:
16020:
16017:
16016:
16014:
16013:
16011:Sesayap Tidong
16008:
16006:Nonukan Tidong
16003:
15998:
15993:
15988:
15983:
15978:
15973:
15968:
15963:
15958:
15952:
15950:
15944:
15943:
15941:
15940:
15935:
15928:
15922:
15916:
15915:
15912:
15911:
15909:
15908:
15903:
15898:
15893:
15887:
15885:
15879:
15878:
15876:
15875:
15870:
15865:
15860:
15855:
15850:
15849:
15848:
15843:
15834:
15832:
15826:
15825:
15823:
15822:
15817:
15811:
15809:
15802:
15793:
15786:
15785:
15783:
15782:
15776:
15771:
15765:
15763:
15753:
15752:North Borneo *
15746:
15737:
15736:
15733:
15732:
15726:
15723:
15722:
15719:
15718:
15716:
15715:
15710:
15705:
15700:
15695:
15690:
15685:
15679:
15677:
15671:
15670:
15668:
15667:
15662:
15657:
15652:
15647:
15642:
15637:
15632:
15627:
15622:
15617:
15612:
15607:
15602:
15597:
15596:
15595:
15584:
15578:
15569:
15565:
15564:
15561:
15560:
15557:
15556:
15554:
15553:
15548:
15542:
15536:
15534:
15530:
15529:
15527:
15526:
15524:Umiray Dumaget
15521:
15516:
15510:
15504:
15503:Other branches
15500:
15499:
15497:
15496:
15491:
15486:
15481:
15476:
15470:
15468:
15462:
15461:
15459:
15458:
15453:
15448:
15443:
15437:
15435:
15429:
15428:
15426:
15425:
15420:
15415:
15409:
15407:
15401:
15400:
15398:
15397:
15392:
15386:
15384:
15378:
15377:
15374:
15373:
15371:
15370:
15365:
15360:
15355:
15350:
15345:
15340:
15335:
15330:
15324:
15322:
15316:
15315:
15313:
15312:
15307:
15302:
15297:
15292:
15287:
15282:
15277:
15272:
15267:
15262:
15257:
15252:
15246:
15244:
15238:
15237:
15235:
15234:
15229:
15224:
15218:
15216:
15210:
15209:
15207:
15206:
15200:
15198:
15192:
15191:
15189:
15188:
15183:
15178:
15173:
15168:
15162:
15160:
15154:
15153:
15150:
15149:
15147:
15146:
15139:
15137:
15136:(unclassified)
15133:
15132:
15130:
15129:
15124:
15119:
15114:
15109:
15104:
15098:
15096:
15090:
15089:
15087:
15086:
15081:
15076:
15071:
15066:
15061:
15056:
15051:
15046:
15041:
15036:
15031:
15026:
15021:
15016:
15011:
15006:
15001:
15000:
14999:
14992:
14980:
14975:
14970:
14965:
14960:
14955:
14950:
14944:
14942:
14936:
14935:
14933:
14932:
14927:
14922:
14917:
14912:
14907:
14902:
14896:
14894:
14888:
14887:
14885:
14884:
14883:
14882:
14875:
14862:
14857:
14851:
14849:
14842:
14836:
14835:
14833:
14832:
14827:
14822:
14816:
14814:
14805:
14797:
14796:
14794:
14793:
14788:
14783:
14777:
14775:
14769:
14768:
14765:
14764:
14762:
14761:
14756:
14751:
14746:
14741:
14736:
14731:
14726:
14720:
14718:
14712:
14711:
14709:
14708:
14702:
14696:
14690:
14684:
14683:
14680:
14679:
14676:
14675:
14673:
14672:
14667:
14662:
14657:
14652:
14647:
14641:
14639:
14633:
14632:
14630:
14629:
14624:
14619:
14614:
14609:
14604:
14599:
14594:
14588:
14586:
14580:
14579:
14577:
14576:
14571:
14565:
14559:
14553:
14552:
14550:
14549:
14544:
14539:
14534:
14529:
14524:
14519:
14514:
14508:
14506:
14504:Cagayan Valley
14500:
14499:
14497:
14496:
14491:
14485:
14479:
14473:
14471:Northern Luzon
14467:
14466:
14464:
14463:
14458:
14453:
14447:
14445:
14436:
14420:
14419:
14403:
14402:
14390:
14389:
14386:
14385:
14382:
14381:
14379:
14378:
14373:
14368:
14362:
14360:
14356:
14355:
14352:
14351:
14349:
14348:
14342:
14335:
14333:
14327:
14326:
14324:
14323:
14318:
14312:
14310:
14306:
14305:
14303:
14302:
14296:
14291:
14284:
14282:
14275:
14269:
14268:
14265:
14264:
14262:
14261:
14255:
14249:
14243:
14238:
14232:
14226:
14220:
14218:
14212:
14211:
14209:
14208:
14203:
14197:
14195:
14186:
14180:
14179:
14177:
14176:
14171:
14166:
14160:
14158:
14152:
14151:
14149:
14148:
14142:
14140:
14130:
14129:
14117:
14116:
14109:
14108:
14101:
14094:
14086:
14060:
14059:
14057:
14056:
14051:
14045:
14043:
14042:Sign languages
14039:
14038:
14035:
14034:
14032:
14031:
14026:
14021:
14015:
14013:
14007:
14006:
14004:
14003:
13998:
13993:
13988:
13983:
13977:
13975:
13966:
13965:Non-Indigenous
13962:
13961:
13958:
13957:
13955:
13954:
13949:
13944:
13939:
13934:
13929:
13924:
13919:
13918:
13917:
13912:
13907:
13902:
13897:
13892:
13882:
13877:
13872:
13866:
13864:
13858:
13857:
13855:
13854:
13849:
13843:
13841:
13835:
13834:
13832:
13831:
13826:
13821:
13816:
13815:
13814:
13807:
13800:
13788:
13782:
13780:
13774:
13773:
13771:
13770:
13765:
13760:
13755:
13750:
13745:
13740:
13735:
13730:
13725:
13724:
13723:
13716:
13704:
13699:
13694:
13689:
13684:
13678:
13676:
13667:
13657:
13656:
13653:
13652:
13650:
13649:
13644:
13639:
13633:
13631:
13627:
13626:
13624:
13623:
13617:
13615:
13611:
13610:
13608:
13607:
13602:
13597:
13592:
13586:
13584:
13580:
13579:
13577:
13576:
13571:
13565:
13563:
13556:
13550:
13549:
13547:
13546:
13540:
13538:
13534:
13533:
13515:
13514:
13507:
13500:
13492:
13483:
13482:
13480:
13479:
13474:
13469:
13464:
13459:
13454:
13449:
13444:
13439:
13434:
13429:
13424:
13418:
13416:
13412:
13411:
13409:
13408:
13403:
13397:
13395:
13389:
13388:
13386:
13385:
13379:
13377:
13371:
13370:
13363:
13362:
13355:
13348:
13340:
13331:
13330:
13319:
13316:
13315:
13313:
13312:
13307:
13302:
13296:
13294:
13290:
13289:
13287:
13286:
13281:
13276:
13271:
13266:
13261:
13256:
13250:
13248:
13244:
13243:
13241:
13240:
13235:
13229:
13227:
13223:
13222:
13215:
13214:
13207:
13200:
13192:
13183:
13182:
13179:
13178:
13176:
13175:
13170:
13165:
13160:
13155:
13153:Pretoria Sotho
13150:
13145:
13143:Oorlams Creole
13140:
13134:
13132:
13128:
13127:
13125:
13124:
13117:
13111:
13109:
13100:
13096:
13095:
13092:
13091:
13089:
13088:
13083:
13078:
13072:
13070:
13066:
13065:
13063:
13062:
13057:
13052:
13047:
13041:
13036:
13031:
13026:
13021:
13015:
13013:
13009:
13008:
13006:
13005:
13000:
12995:
12990:
12985:
12980:
12975:
12970:
12965:
12960:
12954:
12952:
12945:
12933:
12932:
12929:
12928:
12925:
12924:
12922:
12921:
12912:
12910:
12906:
12905:
12903:
12902:
12893:
12891:
12885:
12884:
12882:
12881:
12873:
12865:
12857:
12848:
12846:
12840:
12839:
12837:
12836:
12828:
12820:
12811:
12809:
12800:
12798:Southern Bantu
12794:
12793:
12791:
12790:
12785:
12779:
12777:
12768:
12764:
12763:
12761:
12760:
12755:
12750:
12744:
12741:
12740:
12733:
12732:
12725:
12718:
12710:
12701:
12700:
12698:
12697:
12691:
12689:
12688:Sign languages
12685:
12684:
12681:
12680:
12678:
12677:
12672:
12667:
12662:
12657:
12652:
12647:
12642:
12637:
12631:
12629:
12625:
12624:
12622:
12621:
12616:
12611:
12606:
12601:
12600:
12599:
12594:
12589:
12579:
12574:
12568:
12566:
12560:
12559:
12557:
12556:
12555:
12554:
12549:
12544:
12539:
12534:
12529:
12519:
12518:
12517:
12512:
12501:
12499:
12493:
12492:
12490:
12489:
12488:
12487:
12482:
12477:
12472:
12467:
12462:
12457:
12446:
12444:
12435:
12431:
12430:
12428:
12427:
12422:
12417:
12412:
12407:
12402:
12396:
12394:
12390:
12389:
12387:
12386:
12381:
12377:
12375:
12371:
12370:
12367:
12366:
12364:
12363:
12358:
12353:
12348:
12342:
12340:
12336:
12335:
12333:
12332:
12326:
12324:
12317:
12316:Main languages
12313:
12312:
12305:
12304:
12297:
12290:
12282:
12273:
12272:
12270:
12269:
12266:
12262:
12259:
12258:
12255:
12254:
12252:
12251:
12246:
12240:
12238:
12234:
12233:
12231:
12230:
12229:
12228:
12217:
12215:
12208:
12202:
12201:
12199:
12198:
12193:
12188:
12183:
12178:
12173:
12168:
12163:
12158:
12153:
12152:
12151:
12141:
12136:
12131:
12126:
12121:
12116:
12111:
12105:
12103:
12097:
12096:
12094:
12093:
12088:
12083:
12077:
12075:
12071:
12070:
12068:
12067:
12066:
12065:
12060:
12055:
12050:
12040:
12035:
12030:
12024:
12022:
12016:
12015:
12012:
12011:
12009:
12008:
12002:
12000:
11996:
11995:
11993:
11992:
11991:
11990:
11985:
11980:
11975:
11964:
11962:
11958:
11957:
11955:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11929:
11924:
11923:
11922:
11912:
11907:
11901:
11899:
11893:
11892:
11890:
11889:
11888:
11887:
11882:
11877:
11872:
11862:
11861:
11860:
11855:
11854:
11853:
11843:
11832:
11830:
11826:
11825:
11823:
11822:
11821:
11820:
11819:
11818:
11808:
11807:
11806:
11805:
11804:
11803:
11802:
11792:
11791:
11790:
11788:Penang Hokkien
11785:
11770:
11765:
11760:
11759:
11758:
11753:
11738:
11733:
11732:
11731:
11730:
11729:
11708:
11706:
11699:
11693:
11692:
11689:
11688:
11686:
11685:
11680:
11675:
11670:
11665:
11660:
11655:
11650:
11645:
11640:
11635:
11630:
11625:
11620:
11618:Selungai Murut
11615:
11610:
11605:
11600:
11595:
11590:
11585:
11580:
11575:
11570:
11568:Punan Bah-Biau
11565:
11560:
11555:
11550:
11548:Nonukan Tidong
11545:
11540:
11535:
11530:
11525:
11520:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11500:
11495:
11490:
11485:
11480:
11475:
11470:
11468:Keningau Murut
11465:
11460:
11455:
11450:
11445:
11440:
11435:
11430:
11425:
11420:
11415:
11410:
11405:
11400:
11395:
11390:
11385:
11380:
11375:
11370:
11365:
11360:
11355:
11350:
11345:
11340:
11335:
11330:
11325:
11319:
11317:
11309:
11308:
11306:
11305:
11300:
11295:
11290:
11285:
11280:
11275:
11270:
11265:
11260:
11255:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11220:
11215:
11210:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11145:
11140:
11135:
11130:
11124:
11122:
11114:
11113:
11111:
11110:
11104:
11102:
11095:
11084:
11083:
11081:
11080:
11079:
11078:
11068:
11067:
11066:
11061:
11056:
11051:
11046:
11041:
11031:
11030:
11029:
11018:
11016:
11010:
11009:
11006:
11005:
11003:
11002:
11001:
11000:
10990:
10984:
10982:
10973:
10969:
10968:
10961:
10960:
10953:
10946:
10938:
10929:
10928:
10922:
10919:
10918:
10915:
10914:
10911:
10910:
10908:
10907:
10902:
10896:
10894:
10892:Sign languages
10888:
10887:
10884:
10883:
10881:
10880:
10875:
10870:
10869:
10868:
10855:
10853:
10849:
10848:
10846:
10845:
10844:
10843:
10836:
10829:
10816:
10814:
10812:Middle Eastern
10808:
10807:
10805:
10804:
10799:
10794:
10789:
10784:
10779:
10774:
10769:
10764:
10759:
10753:
10751:
10745:
10744:
10742:
10741:
10736:
10731:
10730:
10729:
10716:
10714:
10708:
10707:
10705:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10688:
10687:
10680:
10668:
10663:
10658:
10653:
10648:
10643:
10637:
10635:
10626:
10622:
10621:
10618:
10617:
10615:
10614:
10609:
10604:
10598:
10593:
10588:
10583:
10577:
10571:
10566:
10560:
10555:
10549:
10543:
10541:
10533:
10532:
10530:
10529:
10528:
10527:
10515:
10514:
10513:
10501:
10496:
10495:
10494:
10482:
10477:
10475:Makassar Malay
10472:
10467:
10462:
10457:
10452:
10447:
10442:
10440:Balinese Malay
10437:
10432:
10430:Ambonese Malay
10427:
10421:
10419:
10410:
10396:
10395:
10385:
10384:
10381:
10380:
10377:
10376:
10374:
10373:
10368:
10362:
10357:
10352:
10347:
10342:
10337:
10332:
10327:
10322:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10296:
10294:
10290:
10289:
10287:
10286:
10281:
10275:
10273:
10267:
10266:
10264:
10263:
10258:
10253:
10248:
10243:
10241:Ngkolmpu Kanum
10237:
10235:
10229:
10228:
10226:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10204:
10202:
10196:
10195:
10193:
10192:
10187:
10182:
10176:
10174:
10168:
10167:
10165:
10164:
10158:
10156:
10150:
10149:
10147:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10110:
10108:
10102:
10101:
10099:
10098:
10093:
10088:
10082:
10080:
10074:
10073:
10071:
10070:
10065:
10059:
10057:
10051:
10050:
10048:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10031:
10029:
10023:
10022:
10020:
10019:
10014:
10008:
10006:
10000:
9999:
9997:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9970:
9968:
9962:
9961:
9959:
9958:
9953:
9947:
9945:
9939:
9938:
9936:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9909:
9907:
9901:
9900:
9898:
9897:
9891:
9889:
9883:
9882:
9880:
9879:
9874:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9854:
9849:
9844:
9838:
9836:
9830:
9829:
9827:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9770:
9768:
9762:
9761:
9759:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9737:
9735:
9729:
9728:
9726:
9725:
9720:
9714:
9712:
9706:
9705:
9703:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:
9657:
9651:
9649:
9643:
9642:
9640:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9579:
9574:
9569:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9543:
9541:
9535:
9534:
9532:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9376:
9370:
9368:
9362:
9361:
9359:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9282:
9280:
9274:
9273:
9271:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9244:
9242:
9236:
9235:
9233:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9186:
9184:
9178:
9177:
9175:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9158:
9156:
9150:
9149:
9147:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9120:
9118:
9112:
9111:
9109:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9047:
9045:
9039:
9038:
9036:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9015:
9010:
9004:
9002:
8996:
8995:
8993:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8941:
8939:
8933:
8932:
8930:
8929:
8924:
8922:Western Pantar
8919:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8838:
8836:
8830:
8829:
8827:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8761:
8755:
8753:
8743:
8742:
8730:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8722:
8721:
8719:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8652:
8650:
8644:
8643:
8641:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8469:
8467:
8461:
8460:
8458:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8316:
8314:
8308:
8307:
8305:
8304:
8299:
8293:
8291:
8285:
8284:
8278:
8276:
8270:
8269:
8267:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8235:
8233:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8017:
8015:
8007:
8006:
8004:
8003:
7998:
7997:
7996:
7989:
7982:
7975:
7968:
7961:
7954:
7947:
7940:
7928:
7923:
7917:
7915:
7913:Flores–Lembata
7909:
7908:
7906:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7748:
7743:
7737:
7731:
7726:
7720:
7715:
7714:
7713:
7706:
7699:
7692:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7624:
7622:
7620:Central Maluku
7616:
7615:
7613:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7551:
7549:
7539:
7538:
7526:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7514:
7513:
7511:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7489:
7487:
7481:
7480:
7478:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7451:
7449:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7393:
7391:
7385:
7384:
7382:
7381:
7375:
7373:
7364:
7358:
7357:
7355:
7354:
7353:
7352:
7345:
7338:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7307:
7306:
7299:
7292:
7285:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7262:
7261:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7223:
7221:
7215:
7214:
7212:
7211:
7206:
7205:
7204:
7199:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7133:
7131:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7075:
7073:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6987:
6985:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6883:Highland Konjo
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6824:
6822:
6820:South Sulawesi
6816:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6781:
6780:
6773:
6766:
6759:
6752:
6745:
6738:
6725:
6723:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6711:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6691:
6689:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6398:
6396:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6386:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6372:
6365:
6358:
6351:
6344:
6337:
6326:
6324:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6314:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6300:
6293:
6286:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6233:
6232:
6225:
6218:
6211:
6204:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6166:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6125:
6123:Mempawah Malay
6120:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6106:
6099:
6092:
6085:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6064:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6023:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5994:Ketapang Malay
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5937:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5878:Belitung Malay
5875:
5873:Batubara Malay
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5846:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5809:
5807:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5778:
5776:
5768:
5767:
5755:
5754:
5740:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5717:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5698:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5676:
5670:
5664:
5655:
5650:
5643:
5642:External links
5640:
5639:
5638:
5627:
5601:(3): 715–749.
5590:
5584:
5569:
5548:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5473:
5447:
5435:
5398:
5349:
5334:
5303:
5284:(2): 347–361.
5268:
5253:
5238:
5217:(2): 209–213.
5197:
5182:
5175:
5151:
5137:(2): 259–268.
5114:
5107:
5087:
5065:
5040:
5018:
5011:
4988:
4981:
4961:
4942:
4924:
4898:
4891:
4860:
4841:(3): 315–330.
4818:
4815:Adelaar (2004)
4807:
4792:
4785:
4760:
4740:(3): 266–280.
4720:
4703:
4688:
4655:
4630:
4615:
4602:
4578:
4548:
4475:Standard Malay
4413:
4406:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4356:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4321:Malajoe Batawi
4318:
4313:
4308:
4298:
4293:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4270:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4175:
4172:
4132:in Manado and
4067:Ambonese Malay
4059:Makassar Malay
3815:British Ceylon
3801:
3800:
3751:
3749:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3698:Songkhla Malay
3670:Ambonese Malay
3666:Makassar Malay
3464:Main article:
3461:
3458:
3420:
3419:
3399:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3382:
3333:
3331:
3324:
3315:Main article:
3312:
3309:
3280:'already' and
3215:Main article:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3172:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3122:East Indonesia
3102:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:Pronunciation
2968:
2966:Pronunciation
2962:
2960:Pronunciation
2956:
2928:respectively.
2842:
2841:
2839:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2788:
2786:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2729:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2702:
2692:
2691:
2683:
2674:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2648:
2638:
2637:
2631:
2614:
2604:
2603:
2597:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2567:
2550:
2540:
2539:
2533:
2516:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2458:
2448:
2438:
2428:
2418:
2403:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2270:
2268:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2248:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2214:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2153:
2144:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2091:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1978:
1968:
1963:
1951:
1948:
1944:tonal language
1936:Main article:
1933:
1930:
1799:
1796:
1631:Malay alphabet
1629:Main article:
1626:
1625:Writing system
1623:
1564:Southeast Asia
1549:
1548:Classification
1546:
1536:first language
1512:Maluku Islands
1301:Main article:
1298:
1295:
1262:
1259:
1255:mixed language
1251:Makassar Malay
1247:Ambonese Malay
1031:
1030:
1023:
1013:
1007:
1005: Malaysia
1001:
995:
993:
985:
984:
977:
971:
970:
963:
955:
954:
912:Makassar Malay
722:Balinese Malay
682:Standard Malay
644:
636:
635:
608:
600:
599:
590:
582:
581:
580:Language codes
577:
576:
574:
573:
567:
564:
558:
552:
545:
543:
537:
536:
533:
532:
514:
496:
474:
473:
471:
466:
463:
462:
460:
459:
441:
428:
415:
397:
383:
381:
378:
375:
374:
370:
369:
364:
357:
354:
353:
351:
350:
336:Pallava script
328:
322:
311:
301:
298:Malay alphabet
290:
288:
284:Writing system
281:
278:
277:
275:
274:
256:
243:
241:
239:Standard forms
238:
235:
234:
232:
231:
230:
229:
215:
213:
210:
207:
206:
204:
203:
202:
201:
200:
199:
180:
178:
171:
168:
167:
158:Total (L1 and
151:
147:
146:
144:
143:
136:
126:
120:
118:
114:
113:
103:South Thailand
80:
79:Native to
76:
75:
68:
64:
63:
49:
48:
44:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
22570:
22559:
22556:
22554:
22551:
22549:
22546:
22544:
22541:
22539:
22536:
22534:
22531:
22529:
22526:
22524:
22521:
22519:
22516:
22514:
22511:
22510:
22508:
22486:
22482:
22479:
22476:
22475:
22471:
22433:
22430:
22428:
22425:
22422:
22419:
22418:
22416:
22414:
22410:
22400:
22397:
22395:
22392:
22390:
22387:
22385:
22382:
22380:
22377:
22375:
22372:
22370:
22367:
22365:
22362:
22360:
22357:
22355:
22352:
22351:
22349:
22345:
22339:
22336:
22334:
22331:
22329:
22326:
22324:
22321:
22319:
22316:
22314:
22311:
22309:
22306:
22301:
22298:
22297:
22296:
22293:
22291:
22288:
22286:
22283:
22281:
22278:
22276:
22273:
22272:
22270:
22266:
22260:
22257:
22255:
22252:
22249:
22246:
22245:
22243:
22241:
22237:
22231:
22228:
22226:
22223:
22221:
22218:
22216:
22213:
22211:
22208:
22206:
22203:
22201:
22198:
22196:
22193:
22192:
22189:
22186:
22184:
22178:
22175:
22173:
22169:
22163:
22160:
22158:
22155:
22153:
22150:
22148:
22145:
22144:
22141:
22138:
22134:
22128:
22125:
22123:
22120:
22118:
22115:
22114:
22112:
22108:
22105:
22103:
22097:
22079:
22076:
22074:
22071:
22069:
22066:
22064:
22061:
22060:
22058:
22056:
22052:
22046:
22043:
22041:
22038:
22036:
22033:
22031:
22028:
22026:
22023:
22021:
22018:
22016:
22013:
22011:
22008:
22006:
22003:
22001:
21998:
21995:
21992:
21990:
21987:
21985:
21982:
21981:
21979:
21977:
21973:
21970:
21968:
21962:
21956:
21953:
21951:
21948:
21946:
21943:
21942:
21939:
21936:
21930:
21924:
21921:
21920:
21917:
21914:
21912:
21908:
21886:
21883:
21880:
21877:
21875:
21872:
21870:
21867:
21865:
21862:
21860:
21857:
21855:
21852:
21850:
21847:
21845:
21842:
21840:
21837:
21835:
21832:
21830:
21827:
21825:
21822:
21820:
21817:
21815:
21812:
21810:
21807:
21805:
21802:
21800:
21797:
21796:
21794:
21790:
21783:
21780:
21778:
21775:
21773:
21770:
21768:
21765:
21763:
21760:
21758:
21755:
21753:
21750:
21748:
21745:
21743:
21740:
21738:
21735:
21733:
21730:
21729:
21727:
21723:
21720:
21716:
21710:
21707:
21705:
21702:
21700:
21697:
21696:
21694:
21690:
21687:
21685:New Caledonia
21681:
21671:
21668:
21667:
21664:
21658:
21655:
21653:
21650:
21648:
21645:
21643:
21640:
21638:
21635:
21634:
21632:
21628:
21621:
21618:
21616:
21613:
21610:
21607:
21605:
21602:
21601:
21599:
21595:
21592:
21590:
21589:South Vanuatu
21586:
21576:
21573:
21571:
21568:
21566:
21563:
21561:
21558:
21556:
21553:
21551:
21548:
21546:
21543:
21541:
21538:
21536:
21533:
21531:
21528:
21526:
21523:
21521:
21518:
21516:
21515:Port Sandwich
21513:
21511:
21508:
21506:
21503:
21501:
21498:
21496:
21493:
21491:
21488:
21486:
21483:
21481:
21478:
21476:
21473:
21471:
21468:
21466:
21463:
21461:
21458:
21456:
21453:
21451:
21448:
21446:
21443:
21441:
21438:
21436:
21433:
21431:
21428:
21426:
21423:
21421:
21418:
21416:
21413:
21411:
21408:
21406:
21403:
21401:
21398:
21396:
21393:
21391:
21388:
21387:
21385:
21383:
21379:
21373:
21370:
21368:
21365:
21363:
21360:
21358:
21355:
21353:
21350:
21348:
21345:
21344:
21342:
21340:
21336:
21330:
21327:
21325:
21322:
21320:
21317:
21315:
21312:
21310:
21307:
21305:
21302:
21300:
21297:
21295:
21292:
21290:
21287:
21285:
21282:
21280:
21277:
21275:
21272:
21271:
21269:
21267:
21261:
21258:
21250:
21240:
21237:
21235:
21232:
21230:
21227:
21225:
21222:
21220:
21217:
21215:
21212:
21210:
21207:
21205:
21202:
21200:
21197:
21195:
21192:
21190:
21187:
21185:
21182:
21178:
21175:
21174:
21173:
21170:
21168:
21165:
21162:
21159:
21157:
21154:
21153:
21151:
21149:
21145:
21138:
21135:
21133:
21130:
21128:
21125:
21123:
21120:
21119:
21117:
21113:
21107:
21104:
21102:
21099:
21097:
21094:
21092:
21089:
21087:
21084:
21082:
21079:
21078:
21076:
21070:
21064:
21061:
21058:
21055:
21053:
21050:
21048:
21045:
21043:
21040:
21038:
21035:
21033:
21030:
21028:
21025:
21023:
21020:
21018:
21015:
21013:
21010:
21008:
21005:
21003:
21000:
20998:
20995:
20993:
20990:
20988:
20985:
20983:
20980:
20979:
20977:
20975:
20971:
20968:
20966:
20960:
20957:
20955:
20949:
20935:
20932:
20930:
20927:
20926:
20924:
20920:
20914:
20911:
20909:
20906:
20904:
20901:
20899:
20896:
20895:
20893:
20889:
20883:
20880:
20878:
20875:
20873:
20870:
20868:
20865:
20863:
20860:
20858:
20855:
20853:
20850:
20848:
20845:
20843:
20840:
20838:
20835:
20833:
20830:
20828:
20825:
20823:
20820:
20818:
20815:
20813:
20810:
20808:
20805:
20803:
20800:
20798:
20795:
20793:
20790:
20788:
20785:
20783:
20780:
20778:
20775:
20773:
20770:
20768:
20765:
20763:
20760:
20758:
20755:
20753:
20750:
20748:
20745:
20743:
20740:
20738:
20735:
20733:
20730:
20728:
20725:
20723:
20720:
20718:
20715:
20713:
20710:
20708:
20705:
20703:
20700:
20698:
20695:
20693:
20690:
20688:
20685:
20684:
20682:
20678:
20675:
20673:
20669:
20659:
20656:
20654:
20651:
20649:
20646:
20644:
20641:
20639:
20636:
20634:
20631:
20629:
20626:
20624:
20621:
20619:
20616:
20614:
20611:
20609:
20606:
20604:
20601:
20599:
20596:
20594:
20591:
20589:
20586:
20584:
20581:
20579:
20578:Lesing-Gelimi
20576:
20574:
20571:
20569:
20566:
20564:
20561:
20559:
20556:
20554:
20551:
20549:
20546:
20544:
20541:
20539:
20536:
20533:
20530:
20528:
20525:
20523:
20520:
20518:
20515:
20513:
20510:
20508:
20505:
20503:
20500:
20498:
20495:
20493:
20490:
20488:
20485:
20483:
20480:
20478:
20475:
20473:
20470:
20468:
20465:
20463:
20460:
20458:
20455:
20453:
20450:
20448:
20445:
20443:
20440:
20439:
20437:
20435:
20431:
20425:
20422:
20420:
20417:
20415:
20412:
20410:
20407:
20405:
20402:
20400:
20397:
20395:
20392:
20390:
20387:
20385:
20382:
20380:
20377:
20375:
20372:
20370:
20367:
20365:
20362:
20360:
20357:
20355:
20352:
20350:
20347:
20345:
20342:
20340:
20337:
20335:
20332:
20330:
20327:
20325:
20322:
20320:
20317:
20315:
20312:
20309:
20306:
20304:
20301:
20299:
20296:
20294:
20291:
20290:
20288:
20286:
20282:
20276:
20273:
20271:
20268:
20266:
20263:
20261:
20258:
20256:
20253:
20251:
20248:
20246:
20243:
20241:
20238:
20236:
20233:
20231:
20228:
20226:
20223:
20221:
20218:
20216:
20213:
20211:
20208:
20206:
20203:
20202:
20200:
20198:
20194:
20188:
20185:
20183:
20180:
20178:
20175:
20173:
20170:
20168:
20165:
20163:
20160:
20158:
20155:
20153:
20150:
20148:
20145:
20143:
20140:
20138:
20135:
20133:
20130:
20128:
20125:
20124:
20122:
20119:
20113:
20110:
20108:
20102:
20088:
20085:
20084:
20081:
20075:
20072:
20070:
20067:
20065:
20062:
20060:
20057:
20055:
20052:
20049:
20046:
20044:
20041:
20039:
20036:
20034:
20031:
20029:
20026:
20024:
20021:
20019:
20016:
20014:
20011:
20009:
20006:
20004:
20001:
19999:
19996:
19994:
19991:
19989:
19986:
19984:
19981:
19979:
19976:
19974:
19971:
19969:
19966:
19964:
19961:
19958:
19955:
19953:
19950:
19948:
19945:
19942:
19939:
19937:
19934:
19932:
19929:
19927:
19924:
19922:
19919:
19917:
19914:
19912:
19909:
19907:
19904:
19902:
19899:
19897:
19894:
19892:
19889:
19888:
19886:
19884:
19878:
19872:
19869:
19867:
19864:
19862:
19859:
19857:
19854:
19852:
19849:
19847:
19844:
19842:
19839:
19837:
19834:
19832:
19829:
19827:
19824:
19822:
19819:
19816:
19813:
19811:
19808:
19806:
19803:
19802:
19800:
19796:
19790:
19787:
19785:
19782:
19780:
19777:
19776:
19774:
19770:
19764:
19761:
19759:
19756:
19754:
19751:
19750:
19748:
19744:
19738:
19735:
19733:
19730:
19728:
19725:
19723:
19720:
19718:
19715:
19713:
19710:
19709:
19707:
19703:
19700:
19692:
19686:
19683:
19681:
19678:
19677:
19675:
19671:
19665:
19662:
19660:
19657:
19655:
19652:
19650:
19647:
19646:
19644:
19640:
19637:
19635:
19629:
19626:
19624:
19618:
19608:
19605:
19603:
19600:
19598:
19595:
19593:
19590:
19588:
19585:
19583:
19580:
19578:
19575:
19573:
19570:
19568:
19565:
19563:
19560:
19558:
19555:
19553:
19550:
19547:
19544:
19542:
19539:
19537:
19534:
19532:
19529:
19527:
19524:
19522:
19519:
19517:
19514:
19512:
19509:
19508:
19506:
19504:San Cristobal
19500:
19494:
19491:
19489:
19486:
19484:
19481:
19479:
19476:
19474:
19471:
19469:
19466:
19464:
19461:
19460:
19458:
19454:
19451:
19449:
19443:
19430:
19427:
19426:
19425:
19422:
19420:
19417:
19415:
19412:
19411:
19409:
19407:
19403:
19397:
19394:
19392:
19389:
19387:
19384:
19383:
19381:
19377:
19371:
19368:
19366:
19363:
19361:
19358:
19357:
19355:
19351:
19348:
19346:
19342:
19336:
19333:
19331:
19328:
19327:
19325:
19323:
19319:
19309:
19306:
19304:
19301:
19299:
19296:
19293:
19290:
19287:
19284:
19283:
19281:
19277:
19271:
19268:
19266:
19263:
19261:
19258:
19256:
19253:
19250:
19247:
19245:
19242:
19240:
19237:
19236:
19234:
19230:
19223:
19220:
19219:
19216:
19213:
19211:
19207:
19204:
19202:
19198:
19184:
19181:
19179:
19176:
19174:
19171:
19170:
19168:
19164:
19158:
19155:
19153:
19150:
19148:
19145:
19143:
19140:
19138:
19135:
19133:
19130:
19128:
19125:
19123:
19120:
19118:
19115:
19113:
19110:
19108:
19105:
19104:
19102:
19100:
19096:
19090:
19087:
19085:
19082:
19080:
19077:
19075:
19072:
19071:
19069:
19067:
19063:
19060:
19058:
19054:
19044:
19041:
19039:
19036:
19034:
19031:
19029:
19026:
19024:
19021:
19019:
19016:
19014:
19011:
19010:
19008:
19006:
19002:
18996:
18993:
18992:
18990:
18986:
18980:
18977:
18975:
18972:
18971:
18969:
18965:
18959:
18956:
18954:
18951:
18950:
18948:
18944:
18938:
18935:
18933:
18930:
18929:
18927:
18923:
18920:
18918:
18917:Halmahera Sea
18914:
18907:
18904:
18901:
18898:
18896:
18893:
18891:
18888:
18885:
18882:
18881:
18878:
18875:
18873:
18869:
18865:
18861:
18856:
18852:
18826:
18823:
18821:
18818:
18816:
18813:
18811:
18808:
18806:
18803:
18800:
18797:
18795:
18792:
18790:
18787:
18785:
18782:
18780:
18777:
18775:
18772:
18770:
18767:
18765:
18762:
18760:
18757:
18755:
18752:
18750:
18747:
18744:
18741:
18739:
18736:
18735:
18733:
18730:
18726:
18720:
18717:
18715:
18712:
18710:
18707:
18705:
18702:
18700:
18697:
18694:
18691:
18690:
18687:
18684:
18682:
18678:
18672:
18669:
18667:
18664:
18662:
18659:
18656:
18653:
18651:
18648:
18646:
18643:
18641:
18638:
18636:
18633:
18631:
18628:
18626:
18623:
18622:
18619:
18616:
18612:
18606:
18603:
18601:
18598:
18596:
18593:
18590:
18587:
18584:
18581:
18579:
18576:
18574:
18571:
18569:
18566:
18565:
18563:
18559:
18553:
18550:
18549:
18546:
18543:
18540:
18536:
18530:
18527:
18526:
18524:
18522:Kowiai ?
18520:
18509:
18506:
18503:
18500:
18498:
18495:
18493:
18490:
18489:
18487:
18483:
18477:
18474:
18472:
18469:
18467:
18464:
18462:
18459:
18457:
18454:
18452:
18449:
18447:
18444:
18442:
18439:
18437:
18434:
18432:
18429:
18428:
18426:
18424:
18420:
18414:
18411:
18409:
18406:
18404:
18401:
18399:
18396:
18394:
18391:
18389:
18386:
18384:
18381:
18379:
18376:
18374:
18371:
18370:
18368:
18366:
18362:
18355:
18352:
18350:
18347:
18345:
18342:
18340:
18337:
18335:
18332:
18331:
18329:
18325:
18318:
18315:
18312:
18309:
18307:
18304:
18302:
18299:
18297:
18294:
18293:
18291:
18289:
18285:
18279:
18276:
18274:
18271:
18269:
18266:
18265:
18263:
18259:
18253:
18250:
18248:
18245:
18243:
18240:
18238:
18235:
18234:
18232:
18228:
18222:
18219:
18217:
18214:
18212:
18209:
18208:
18205:
18202:
18199:
18195:
18189:
18186:
18184:
18181:
18179:
18176:
18174:
18171:
18169:
18166:
18164:
18161:
18159:
18156:
18154:
18151:
18149:
18146:
18144:
18141:
18139:
18136:
18134:
18131:
18130:
18128:
18126:
18122:
18116:
18113:
18111:
18108:
18106:
18103:
18101:
18098:
18096:
18093:
18091:
18088:
18087:
18085:
18082:
18078:
18072:
18069:
18067:
18064:
18063:
18061:
18059:
18055:
18045:
18042:
18040:
18037:
18035:
18032:
18030:
18027:
18025:
18022:
18020:
18019:South Lembata
18017:
18015:
18012:
18010:
18007:
18005:
18002:
18000:
17997:
17995:
17992:
17991:
17989:
17985:
17979:
17976:
17974:
17971:
17970:
17967:
17964:
17962:
17958:
17948:
17945:
17943:
17940:
17938:
17935:
17933:
17930:
17928:
17925:
17923:
17920:
17918:
17915:
17913:
17910:
17908:
17905:
17903:
17900:
17898:
17895:
17893:
17890:
17888:
17885:
17883:
17880:
17879:
17877:
17873:
17861:
17858:
17857:
17856:
17853:
17851:
17848:
17846:
17843:
17841:
17838:
17836:
17833:
17831:
17828:
17826:
17823:
17821:
17818:
17816:
17813:
17812:
17810:
17808:
17804:
17798:
17795:
17793:
17790:
17789:
17787:
17785:
17781:
17778:
17776:
17772:
17769:
17767:
17763:
17757:
17754:
17753:
17751:
17747:
17743:
17739:
17734:
17730:
17716:
17713:
17711:
17708:
17707:
17705:
17701:
17691:
17688:
17687:
17684:
17674:
17671:
17668:
17665:
17663:
17660:
17656:
17653:
17652:
17651:
17648:
17646:
17643:
17642:
17640:
17636:
17630:
17627:
17625:
17622:
17620:
17617:
17615:
17612:
17610:
17607:
17606:
17604:
17600:
17594:
17591:
17589:
17586:
17584:
17581:
17579:
17576:
17575:
17573:
17571:Massenrempulu
17569:
17563:
17560:
17558:
17555:
17554:
17551:
17548:
17546:
17542:
17532:
17529:
17527:
17524:
17522:
17519:
17518:
17516:
17514:
17510:
17504:
17501:
17499:
17496:
17494:
17491:
17489:
17488:Budong-Budong
17486:
17485:
17483:
17481:
17477:
17474:
17472:Seko–Badaic *
17470:
17464:
17461:
17459:
17456:
17454:
17453:Coastal Konjo
17451:
17449:
17446:
17444:
17441:
17440:
17438:
17436:
17432:
17426:
17423:
17421:
17418:
17416:
17413:
17411:
17408:
17407:
17405:
17401:
17398:
17396:
17392:
17378:
17375:
17373:
17370:
17367:
17364:
17362:
17359:
17357:
17354:
17352:
17349:
17348:
17346:
17344:
17340:
17330:
17327:
17325:
17322:
17320:
17317:
17315:
17312:
17310:
17307:
17305:
17302:
17300:
17297:
17295:
17292:
17290:
17287:
17286:
17283:
17280:
17278:
17274:
17271:
17269:Kaili–Wolio *
17267:
17260:
17257:
17255:
17252:
17250:
17247:
17245:
17242:
17240:
17237:
17235:
17232:
17230:
17227:
17225:
17222:
17219:
17216:
17214:
17211:
17210:
17208:
17205:
17201:
17195:
17192:
17190:
17187:
17185:
17182:
17180:
17177:
17175:
17172:
17170:
17167:
17166:
17164:
17162:
17158:
17152:
17149:
17147:
17144:
17142:
17139:
17137:
17134:
17132:
17129:
17127:
17124:
17122:
17119:
17117:
17114:
17112:
17109:
17107:
17104:
17103:
17101:
17099:
17095:
17089:
17086:
17084:
17081:
17079:
17076:
17074:
17071:
17069:
17066:
17064:
17061:
17059:
17056:
17054:
17051:
17049:
17046:
17044:
17041:
17039:
17036:
17034:
17031:
17029:
17026:
17025:
17023:
17021:
17020:Bungku–Tolaki
17017:
17014:
17012:
17008:
17002:
16999:
16997:
16994:
16992:
16989:
16988:
16986:
16984:
16978:
16972:
16969:
16967:
16964:
16963:
16961:
16957:
16949:
16946:
16944:
16941:
16939:
16936:
16933:
16930:
16929:
16928:
16925:
16924:
16922:
16918:
16912:
16909:
16906:
16903:
16901:
16898:
16897:
16895:
16891:
16880:
16877:
16876:
16873:
16863:
16860:
16858:
16855:
16853:
16850:
16848:
16845:
16843:
16840:
16838:
16835:
16833:
16830:
16829:
16827:
16825:
16821:
16815:
16812:
16810:
16807:
16805:
16802:
16800:
16797:
16795:
16792:
16789:
16786:
16785:
16782:
16779:
16777:
16771:
16768:
16764:
16754:
16751:
16749:
16746:
16745:
16743:
16740:
16736:
16730:
16727:
16726:
16724:
16722:Rejang ?
16720:
16712:
16709:
16707:
16704:
16702:
16699:
16696:
16695:Old Sundanese
16693:
16692:
16691:
16688:
16687:
16685:
16681:
16667:
16664:
16662:
16659:
16657:
16654:
16652:
16651:Sarawak Malay
16649:
16647:
16644:
16642:
16639:
16637:
16634:
16632:
16629:
16627:
16624:
16622:
16621:Orang Seletar
16619:
16617:
16614:
16612:
16609:
16607:
16604:
16602:
16599:
16597:
16594:
16592:
16589:
16587:
16584:
16582:
16579:
16577:
16574:
16572:
16569:
16566:
16563:
16561:
16558:
16556:
16553:
16551:
16548:
16546:
16543:
16541:
16538:
16536:
16533:
16531:
16528:
16526:
16523:
16521:
16518:
16516:
16513:
16511:
16508:
16506:
16503:
16501:
16498:
16494:
16491:
16489:
16486:
16485:
16484:
16481:
16480:
16477:
16471:
16468:
16466:
16463:
16461:
16458:
16455:
16452:
16450:
16447:
16446:
16444:
16442:
16438:
16435:
16431:
16425:
16422:
16420:
16417:
16415:
16412:
16410:
16407:
16405:
16402:
16400:
16397:
16395:
16394:Cham dialects
16392:
16390:
16387:
16386:
16384:
16382:
16378:
16375:
16371:
16365:
16362:
16360:
16357:
16355:
16352:
16350:
16347:
16345:
16342:
16340:
16337:
16335:
16332:
16330:
16327:
16325:
16322:
16320:
16317:
16315:
16312:
16310:
16307:
16305:
16302:
16301:
16299:
16297:
16293:
16287:
16284:
16282:
16279:
16277:
16274:
16272:
16269:
16267:
16264:
16262:
16259:
16257:
16254:
16252:
16249:
16247:
16244:
16242:
16239:
16238:
16236:
16234:
16230:
16223:
16220:
16217:
16214:
16212:
16209:
16207:
16204:
16202:
16199:
16197:
16194:
16192:
16189:
16187:
16184:
16182:
16179:
16177:
16174:
16172:
16169:
16167:
16164:
16162:
16159:
16157:
16154:
16152:
16149:
16147:
16144:
16142:
16139:
16138:
16136:
16134:
16130:
16120:
16117:
16115:
16112:
16110:
16107:
16105:
16102:
16100:
16097:
16095:
16092:
16090:
16087:
16085:
16082:
16080:
16077:
16075:
16072:
16070:
16067:
16064:
16061:
16059:
16056:
16054:
16051:
16049:
16046:
16044:
16041:
16039:
16036:
16035:
16033:
16030:
16029:North Sarawak
16026:
16012:
16009:
16007:
16004:
16002:
15999:
15997:
15994:
15992:
15989:
15987:
15984:
15982:
15979:
15977:
15974:
15972:
15969:
15967:
15964:
15962:
15959:
15957:
15954:
15953:
15951:
15949:
15945:
15939:
15936:
15933:
15930:
15929:
15926:
15923:
15917:
15907:
15904:
15902:
15899:
15897:
15894:
15892:
15889:
15888:
15886:
15884:
15880:
15874:
15871:
15869:
15866:
15864:
15861:
15859:
15856:
15854:
15851:
15847:
15844:
15842:
15841:Central Dusun
15839:
15838:
15837:Kadazandusun
15836:
15835:
15833:
15831:
15827:
15821:
15818:
15816:
15815:Brunei Bisaya
15813:
15812:
15810:
15806:
15803:
15797:
15794:
15791:
15787:
15780:
15777:
15775:
15772:
15770:
15767:
15766:
15764:
15761:
15757:
15754:
15750:
15747:
15744:
15738:
15729:
15724:
15714:
15711:
15709:
15706:
15704:
15701:
15699:
15696:
15694:
15691:
15689:
15686:
15684:
15681:
15680:
15678:
15676:
15672:
15666:
15663:
15661:
15658:
15656:
15653:
15651:
15648:
15646:
15643:
15641:
15638:
15636:
15633:
15631:
15628:
15626:
15623:
15621:
15618:
15616:
15613:
15611:
15608:
15606:
15603:
15601:
15598:
15594:
15591:
15590:
15589:
15586:
15585:
15582:
15579:
15577:
15573:
15570:
15566:
15552:
15549:
15546:
15543:
15541:
15540:Inagta Alabat
15538:
15537:
15535:
15533:Manide–Alabat
15531:
15525:
15522:
15520:
15517:
15515:
15512:
15511:
15508:
15505:
15501:
15495:
15492:
15490:
15487:
15485:
15482:
15480:
15477:
15475:
15472:
15471:
15469:
15467:
15463:
15457:
15454:
15452:
15449:
15447:
15444:
15442:
15439:
15438:
15436:
15434:
15430:
15424:
15421:
15419:
15416:
15414:
15411:
15410:
15408:
15406:
15402:
15396:
15393:
15391:
15388:
15387:
15385:
15383:
15379:
15369:
15366:
15364:
15361:
15359:
15356:
15354:
15351:
15349:
15346:
15344:
15341:
15339:
15336:
15334:
15331:
15329:
15326:
15325:
15323:
15321:
15317:
15311:
15308:
15306:
15303:
15301:
15298:
15296:
15293:
15291:
15288:
15286:
15283:
15281:
15278:
15276:
15273:
15271:
15268:
15266:
15263:
15261:
15258:
15256:
15253:
15251:
15248:
15247:
15245:
15243:
15239:
15233:
15230:
15228:
15225:
15223:
15220:
15219:
15217:
15215:
15211:
15205:
15202:
15201:
15199:
15197:
15193:
15187:
15184:
15182:
15179:
15177:
15174:
15172:
15169:
15167:
15164:
15163:
15161:
15159:
15155:
15144:
15141:
15140:
15138:
15134:
15128:
15125:
15123:
15120:
15118:
15115:
15113:
15110:
15108:
15105:
15103:
15100:
15099:
15097:
15095:
15091:
15085:
15082:
15080:
15077:
15075:
15072:
15070:
15067:
15065:
15062:
15060:
15057:
15055:
15052:
15050:
15047:
15045:
15042:
15040:
15037:
15035:
15032:
15030:
15027:
15025:
15022:
15020:
15017:
15015:
15012:
15010:
15007:
15005:
15002:
14997:
14996:Old Cebuano †
14993:
14990:
14986:
14985:
14984:
14981:
14979:
14976:
14974:
14971:
14969:
14966:
14964:
14961:
14959:
14956:
14954:
14951:
14949:
14946:
14945:
14943:
14941:
14937:
14931:
14928:
14926:
14923:
14921:
14918:
14916:
14913:
14911:
14908:
14906:
14905:Central Bikol
14903:
14901:
14898:
14897:
14895:
14893:
14889:
14880:
14876:
14872:
14868:
14867:
14866:
14863:
14861:
14858:
14856:
14853:
14852:
14850:
14846:
14843:
14841:
14837:
14831:
14828:
14826:
14823:
14821:
14818:
14817:
14815:
14813:
14809:
14806:
14804:
14798:
14792:
14789:
14787:
14784:
14782:
14779:
14778:
14776:
14774:
14770:
14760:
14757:
14755:
14752:
14750:
14747:
14745:
14742:
14740:
14737:
14735:
14732:
14730:
14727:
14725:
14722:
14721:
14719:
14717:
14713:
14706:
14703:
14701:
14698:
14697:
14694:
14691:
14689:
14688:Central Luzon
14685:
14671:
14668:
14666:
14663:
14661:
14658:
14656:
14653:
14651:
14648:
14646:
14643:
14642:
14640:
14638:
14634:
14628:
14625:
14623:
14620:
14618:
14615:
14613:
14610:
14608:
14605:
14603:
14600:
14598:
14595:
14593:
14590:
14589:
14587:
14585:
14581:
14575:
14574:Southern Alta
14572:
14570:
14569:Northern Alta
14567:
14566:
14563:
14560:
14558:
14554:
14548:
14545:
14543:
14540:
14538:
14535:
14533:
14530:
14528:
14525:
14523:
14520:
14518:
14515:
14513:
14510:
14509:
14507:
14505:
14501:
14495:
14492:
14489:
14486:
14484:
14481:
14480:
14477:
14474:
14472:
14468:
14462:
14459:
14457:
14454:
14452:
14449:
14448:
14446:
14444:
14440:
14437:
14434:
14429:
14425:
14421:
14417:
14412:
14408:
14404:
14400:
14395:
14391:
14377:
14374:
14372:
14369:
14367:
14364:
14363:
14361:
14357:
14346:
14343:
14340:
14337:
14336:
14334:
14332:
14328:
14322:
14319:
14317:
14314:
14313:
14311:
14307:
14300:
14297:
14295:
14292:
14289:
14286:
14285:
14283:
14279:
14276:
14274:
14270:
14259:
14258:Papora-Hoanya
14256:
14253:
14250:
14247:
14244:
14242:
14239:
14236:
14233:
14230:
14227:
14225:
14222:
14221:
14219:
14213:
14207:
14204:
14202:
14199:
14198:
14196:
14194:
14190:
14187:
14185:
14181:
14175:
14172:
14170:
14167:
14165:
14162:
14161:
14159:
14157:
14153:
14147:
14144:
14143:
14141:
14139:
14135:
14131:
14127:
14122:
14118:
14114:
14107:
14102:
14100:
14095:
14093:
14088:
14087:
14084:
14078:
14074:
14073:
14068:
14055:
14054:Ban Khor Sign
14052:
14050:
14047:
14046:
14044:
14040:
14030:
14027:
14025:
14022:
14020:
14017:
14016:
14014:
14012:
14008:
14002:
13999:
13997:
13994:
13992:
13989:
13987:
13984:
13982:
13979:
13978:
13976:
13974:
13970:
13967:
13963:
13953:
13950:
13948:
13945:
13943:
13940:
13938:
13935:
13933:
13930:
13928:
13925:
13923:
13920:
13916:
13913:
13911:
13908:
13906:
13903:
13901:
13898:
13896:
13893:
13891:
13888:
13887:
13886:
13883:
13881:
13878:
13876:
13873:
13871:
13868:
13867:
13865:
13863:
13859:
13853:
13850:
13848:
13845:
13844:
13842:
13840:
13836:
13830:
13827:
13825:
13822:
13820:
13817:
13812:
13808:
13805:
13804:Pattani Malay
13801:
13798:
13797:Bangkok Malay
13794:
13793:
13792:
13789:
13787:
13784:
13783:
13781:
13779:
13775:
13769:
13766:
13764:
13761:
13759:
13756:
13754:
13751:
13749:
13746:
13744:
13741:
13739:
13736:
13734:
13731:
13729:
13726:
13721:
13717:
13714:
13710:
13709:
13708:
13705:
13703:
13700:
13698:
13695:
13693:
13690:
13688:
13685:
13683:
13680:
13679:
13677:
13675:
13674:Austroasiatic
13671:
13668:
13662:
13658:
13648:
13645:
13643:
13640:
13638:
13635:
13634:
13632:
13628:
13622:
13621:Southern Thai
13619:
13618:
13616:
13612:
13606:
13603:
13601:
13598:
13596:
13593:
13591:
13590:Northern Thai
13588:
13587:
13585:
13581:
13575:
13572:
13570:
13567:
13566:
13564:
13560:
13557:
13555:
13551:
13545:
13542:
13541:
13539:
13535:
13531:
13527:
13513:
13508:
13506:
13501:
13499:
13494:
13493:
13490:
13478:
13475:
13473:
13470:
13468:
13465:
13463:
13460:
13458:
13455:
13453:
13450:
13448:
13445:
13443:
13440:
13438:
13435:
13433:
13430:
13428:
13425:
13423:
13420:
13419:
13417:
13413:
13407:
13404:
13402:
13399:
13398:
13396:
13394:
13393:Lingua franca
13390:
13384:
13381:
13380:
13378:
13376:
13372:
13368:
13361:
13356:
13354:
13349:
13347:
13342:
13341:
13338:
13328:
13325:
13322:
13317:
13311:
13308:
13306:
13303:
13301:
13298:
13297:
13295:
13291:
13285:
13282:
13280:
13277:
13275:
13272:
13270:
13267:
13265:
13262:
13260:
13257:
13255:
13252:
13251:
13249:
13245:
13239:
13236:
13234:
13231:
13230:
13228:
13224:
13220:
13213:
13208:
13206:
13201:
13199:
13194:
13193:
13190:
13174:
13171:
13169:
13166:
13164:
13161:
13159:
13156:
13154:
13151:
13149:
13146:
13144:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13135:
13133:
13129:
13123:
13122:
13118:
13116:
13113:
13112:
13110:
13108:
13104:
13101:
13097:
13087:
13084:
13082:
13079:
13077:
13074:
13073:
13071:
13067:
13061:
13058:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13048:
13045:
13042:
13040:
13037:
13035:
13032:
13030:
13027:
13025:
13022:
13020:
13017:
13016:
13014:
13010:
13004:
13001:
12999:
12996:
12994:
12991:
12989:
12986:
12984:
12981:
12979:
12976:
12974:
12971:
12969:
12966:
12964:
12961:
12959:
12956:
12955:
12953:
12949:
12946:
12944:
12934:
12920:
12919:
12914:
12913:
12911:
12907:
12901:
12900:
12895:
12894:
12892:
12890:
12886:
12880:
12879:
12874:
12872:
12871:
12866:
12864:
12863:
12858:
12856:
12855:
12850:
12849:
12847:
12845:
12841:
12835:
12834:
12829:
12827:
12826:
12821:
12819:
12818:
12813:
12812:
12810:
12808:
12804:
12801:
12799:
12795:
12789:
12786:
12784:
12781:
12780:
12778:
12776:
12775:West Germanic
12772:
12769:
12765:
12759:
12756:
12754:
12751:
12749:
12746:
12745:
12742:
12738:
12731:
12726:
12724:
12719:
12717:
12712:
12711:
12708:
12696:
12693:
12692:
12690:
12686:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12666:
12663:
12661:
12658:
12656:
12653:
12651:
12648:
12646:
12643:
12641:
12638:
12636:
12633:
12632:
12630:
12626:
12620:
12617:
12615:
12612:
12610:
12607:
12605:
12602:
12598:
12595:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12585:
12584:
12583:
12580:
12578:
12575:
12573:
12570:
12569:
12567:
12565:
12561:
12553:
12550:
12548:
12545:
12543:
12540:
12538:
12535:
12533:
12530:
12528:
12525:
12524:
12523:
12520:
12516:
12513:
12511:
12508:
12507:
12506:
12503:
12502:
12500:
12498:
12494:
12486:
12483:
12481:
12478:
12476:
12473:
12471:
12468:
12466:
12463:
12461:
12458:
12456:
12453:
12452:
12451:
12448:
12447:
12445:
12443:
12439:
12436:
12432:
12426:
12423:
12421:
12418:
12416:
12413:
12411:
12408:
12406:
12403:
12401:
12398:
12397:
12395:
12391:
12385:
12384:Orang Seletar
12382:
12379:
12378:
12376:
12372:
12362:
12359:
12357:
12354:
12352:
12349:
12347:
12344:
12343:
12341:
12337:
12331:
12328:
12327:
12325:
12321:
12318:
12314:
12310:
12303:
12298:
12296:
12291:
12289:
12284:
12283:
12280:
12267:
12264:
12263:
12260:
12250:
12247:
12245:
12242:
12241:
12239:
12235:
12227:
12224:
12223:
12222:
12219:
12218:
12216:
12212:
12209:
12207:
12203:
12197:
12194:
12192:
12189:
12187:
12184:
12182:
12179:
12177:
12174:
12172:
12169:
12167:
12164:
12162:
12159:
12157:
12154:
12150:
12147:
12146:
12145:
12142:
12140:
12137:
12135:
12134:East Timorese
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12120:
12117:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12106:
12104:
12102:
12098:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12078:
12076:
12072:
12064:
12061:
12059:
12056:
12054:
12051:
12049:
12046:
12045:
12044:
12041:
12039:
12036:
12034:
12031:
12029:
12026:
12025:
12023:
12021:
12017:
12007:
12004:
12003:
12001:
11997:
11989:
11986:
11984:
11981:
11979:
11976:
11974:
11971:
11970:
11969:
11966:
11965:
11963:
11959:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11925:
11921:
11918:
11917:
11916:
11913:
11911:
11908:
11906:
11903:
11902:
11900:
11894:
11886:
11883:
11881:
11878:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11868:
11867:
11866:
11865:Indo-European
11863:
11859:
11856:
11852:
11849:
11848:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11839:
11838:
11837:
11834:
11833:
11831:
11827:
11817:
11814:
11813:
11812:
11809:
11801:
11798:
11797:
11796:
11793:
11789:
11786:
11784:
11781:
11780:
11779:
11776:
11775:
11774:
11771:
11769:
11766:
11764:
11761:
11757:
11754:
11752:
11749:
11748:
11747:
11744:
11743:
11742:
11739:
11737:
11734:
11728:
11725:
11724:
11723:
11720:
11719:
11718:
11715:
11714:
11713:
11710:
11709:
11707:
11703:
11700:
11694:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11664:
11661:
11659:
11656:
11654:
11651:
11649:
11646:
11644:
11641:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11611:
11609:
11606:
11604:
11603:Sarawak Malay
11601:
11599:
11596:
11594:
11591:
11589:
11586:
11584:
11581:
11579:
11576:
11574:
11571:
11569:
11566:
11564:
11561:
11559:
11556:
11554:
11551:
11549:
11546:
11544:
11541:
11539:
11536:
11534:
11531:
11529:
11526:
11524:
11521:
11519:
11516:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11499:
11496:
11494:
11491:
11489:
11486:
11484:
11481:
11479:
11476:
11474:
11471:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11461:
11459:
11456:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11436:
11434:
11431:
11429:
11426:
11424:
11421:
11419:
11416:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11384:
11381:
11379:
11376:
11374:
11373:Brunei Bisaya
11371:
11369:
11366:
11364:
11361:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11341:
11339:
11336:
11334:
11331:
11329:
11326:
11324:
11321:
11320:
11318:
11316:
11310:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11294:
11291:
11289:
11286:
11284:
11281:
11279:
11278:Southern Thai
11276:
11274:
11271:
11269:
11266:
11264:
11261:
11259:
11256:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11233:Orang Seletar
11231:
11229:
11226:
11224:
11221:
11219:
11216:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11206:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11151:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11125:
11123:
11121:
11115:
11109:
11106:
11105:
11103:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11089:
11085:
11077:
11074:
11073:
11072:
11069:
11065:
11062:
11060:
11057:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11039:North Bornean
11037:
11036:
11035:
11032:
11028:
11025:
11024:
11023:
11022:Austroasiatic
11020:
11019:
11017:
11015:
11011:
10999:
10996:
10995:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10985:
10983:
10981:
10977:
10974:
10970:
10966:
10959:
10954:
10952:
10947:
10945:
10940:
10939:
10936:
10926:
10920:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10897:
10895:
10893:
10889:
10879:
10876:
10874:
10871:
10866:
10862:
10861:
10860:
10857:
10856:
10854:
10850:
10841:
10837:
10834:
10830:
10827:
10823:
10822:
10821:
10818:
10817:
10815:
10813:
10809:
10803:
10800:
10798:
10795:
10793:
10790:
10788:
10785:
10783:
10780:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10763:
10760:
10758:
10755:
10754:
10752:
10750:
10746:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10727:
10723:
10722:
10721:
10718:
10717:
10715:
10713:
10709:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10685:
10681:
10678:
10674:
10673:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10638:
10636:
10634:
10630:
10627:
10623:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10594:
10592:
10589:
10587:
10584:
10581:
10578:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10564:
10561:
10559:
10556:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10544:
10542:
10538:
10525:
10521:
10520:
10519:
10516:
10511:
10507:
10506:
10505:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10492:
10488:
10487:
10486:
10483:
10481:
10480:Maumere Malay
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10446:
10443:
10441:
10438:
10436:
10433:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10422:
10420:
10418:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10405:
10401:
10397:
10390:
10386:
10372:
10369:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10338:
10336:
10333:
10331:
10328:
10326:
10323:
10321:
10318:
10316:
10313:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10297:
10295:
10291:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10276:
10274:
10272:
10268:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10238:
10236:
10234:
10230:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10205:
10203:
10201:
10197:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10177:
10175:
10173:
10169:
10163:
10160:
10159:
10157:
10155:
10151:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10111:
10109:
10107:
10103:
10097:
10094:
10092:
10089:
10087:
10084:
10083:
10081:
10079:
10075:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10060:
10058:
10056:
10052:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10032:
10030:
10028:
10024:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10009:
10007:
10005:
10001:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9971:
9969:
9967:
9963:
9957:
9954:
9952:
9949:
9948:
9946:
9944:
9940:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9910:
9908:
9906:
9905:South Pauwasi
9902:
9896:
9893:
9892:
9890:
9888:
9884:
9878:
9875:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9839:
9837:
9835:
9831:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9771:
9769:
9767:
9763:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9738:
9736:
9734:
9733:Demta–Sentani
9730:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9715:
9713:
9711:
9707:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9653:
9652:
9650:
9648:
9644:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9544:
9542:
9540:
9536:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9371:
9369:
9367:
9363:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9283:
9281:
9279:
9275:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9245:
9243:
9241:
9237:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9187:
9185:
9183:
9179:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9159:
9157:
9155:
9154:West Bomberai
9151:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9121:
9119:
9117:
9113:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9048:
9046:
9044:
9040:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9006:
9005:
9003:
9001:
8997:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8955:Central Asmat
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8942:
8940:
8938:
8934:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8839:
8837:
8835:
8831:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8756:
8754:
8752:
8748:
8744:
8740:
8735:
8731:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8653:
8651:
8649:
8645:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8470:
8468:
8466:
8462:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8317:
8315:
8313:
8309:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8294:
8292:
8290:
8286:
8281:
8277:
8275:
8271:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8236:
8234:
8232:
8228:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8018:
8016:
8014:
8008:
8002:
7999:
7994:
7990:
7987:
7986:South Lembata
7983:
7980:
7976:
7973:
7969:
7966:
7962:
7959:
7955:
7952:
7948:
7945:
7941:
7938:
7934:
7933:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7914:
7910:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7741:
7738:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7711:
7707:
7704:
7700:
7697:
7693:
7690:
7686:
7685:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7621:
7617:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7531:
7527:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7490:
7488:
7486:
7482:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7448:
7444:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7394:
7392:
7390:
7386:
7380:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7372:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7359:
7350:
7346:
7343:
7339:
7336:
7332:
7331:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7304:
7300:
7297:
7293:
7290:
7286:
7283:
7279:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7259:
7255:
7254:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7222:
7220:
7219:North Bornean
7216:
7210:
7207:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7194:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7130:
7126:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7076:
7074:
7072:
7068:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6988:
6986:
6984:
6980:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6968:Toraja-Sa’dan
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6858:Coastal Konjo
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6843:Budong-Budong
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6821:
6817:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6778:
6774:
6771:
6767:
6764:
6760:
6757:
6753:
6750:
6746:
6743:
6739:
6736:
6732:
6731:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6716:
6710:
6707:
6702:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6391:
6385:
6382:
6377:
6373:
6370:
6366:
6363:
6359:
6356:
6352:
6349:
6345:
6342:
6338:
6335:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6313:
6312:Tamiang Malay
6310:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6294:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6267:Sintang Malay
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6257:Serdang Malay
6255:
6253:
6252:Sekadau Malay
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6242:Sanggau Malay
6240:
6238:
6235:
6230:
6226:
6223:
6219:
6216:
6212:
6209:
6205:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6163:
6159:
6156:
6152:
6149:
6145:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6130:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6111:
6107:
6104:
6100:
6097:
6093:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6074:
6069:
6065:
6062:
6058:
6057:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6040:Langkat Malay
6038:
6036:
6033:
6028:
6024:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5820:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5793:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5738:
5733:
5731:
5726:
5724:
5719:
5718:
5715:
5709:
5702:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5635:
5634:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5591:
5587:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5501:
5488:
5484:
5477:
5462:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5439:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5353:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5316:
5315:
5307:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5272:
5264:
5257:
5249:
5242:
5234:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5201:
5193:
5186:
5178:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5163:
5155:
5145:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5121:
5119:
5110:
5104:
5100:
5099:
5091:
5075:
5069:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5022:
5014:
5008:
5004:
5003:
4995:
4993:
4984:
4978:
4974:
4973:
4965:
4957:
4953:
4946:
4940:
4939:archive.today
4936:
4933:
4928:
4912:
4908:
4902:
4894:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4869:Wurm, Stephen
4864:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4816:
4811:
4803:
4796:
4788:
4786:3-11-012855-1
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4764:
4748:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4699:
4692:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4628:
4624:
4619:
4612:
4606:
4598:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4575:
4573:
4559:
4552:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4506:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4409:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4384:
4382:
4377:
4360:
4353:
4347:
4343:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4204:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4192:perisytiharan
4189:
4185:
4181:
4171:
4168:
4155:, in Riau as
4146:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3975:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3946:lingua franca
3939:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3861:lingua franca
3856:
3853:
3849:
3848:East Malaysia
3845:
3844:West Malaysia
3841:
3837:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3817:(present-day
3816:
3812:
3807:
3797:
3794:
3786:
3783:February 2021
3776:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3752:This section
3750:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3715:community in
3714:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3702:Bangkok Malay
3699:
3695:
3691:
3690:Pattani Malay
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3639:Pattani Malay
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3588:Orang Seletar
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3555:(Palembang),
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3541:Central Malay
3538:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3416:
3407:
3403:
3400:This section
3398:
3394:
3389:
3388:
3379:
3376:
3368:
3365:December 2020
3358:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3334:This section
3332:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3235:reduplication
3232:
3231:compound word
3228:
3224:
3218:
3217:Malay grammar
3204:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3068:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2934:
2933:vowel harmony
2929:
2915:
2912:("good") and
2911:
2907:
2903:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2883:/peraŋ~piraŋ/
2876:
2848:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2749:
2725:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2536:khabar, kabar
2534:
2530:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2399:
2391:
2383:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2337:
2329:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1947:
1945:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1905:East Malaysia
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1863:and southern
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1798:Extent of use
1795:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1768:Cham alphabet
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1743:sekolah agama
1740:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1688:Arabic script
1685:
1681:
1677:
1669:
1668:South Sumatra
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1645:South Sumatra
1642:
1637:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1601:known as the
1600:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1568:Pacific Ocean
1565:
1561:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1541:lingua franca
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1480:lingua franca
1475:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1237:varieties of
1235:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1194:bahasa Melayu
1190:
1189:lingua franca
1185:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1168:Bahasa Melayu
1163:
1162:Bahasa Melayu
1158:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1136:
1135:macrolanguage
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1114:and parts of
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1075:
1074:Bahasa Melayu
1071:
1070:
1061:
1037:
1020:
991:
986:
982:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
962:
961:
956:
953:
950: –
948:
943:
940: –
938:
933:
930: –
928:
923:
920: –
918:
913:
910: –
908:
903:
900: –
898:
893:
890: –
888:
883:
880: –
878:
873:
870: –
868:
863:
860: –
858:
853:
850: –
848:
843:
840: –
838:
833:
830: –
828:
823:
820: –
818:
813:
810: –
808:
803:
800: –
798:
793:
790: –
788:
783:
780: –
778:
773:
770: –
768:
763:
760: –
758:
753:
750: –
748:
743:
740: –
738:
733:
730: –
728:
723:
720: –
718:
713:
710: –
708:
703:
700: –
698:
693:
690: –
688:
683:
680: –
678:
673:
670: –
668:
663:
660: –
658:
649:
645:
642:
637:
632:
627:
619:
614:
609:
606:
601:
596:
591:
588:
583:
578:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
546:
544:
542:
538:
530:
529:Bangkok Malay
526:
522:
521:Pattani Malay
518:
515:
512:
508:
504:
500:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
476:
475:
472:
464:
457:
453:
442:
440:
429:
427:
416:
413:
409:
398:
396:
385:
384:
382:
376:
371:
368:
365:
361:
355:
349:
348:Rejang script
345:
341:
337:
334:Historically
332:
331:Malay Braille
329:
327:(in Thailand)
326:
325:Thai alphabet
323:
320:
316:
312:
309:
305:
302:
299:
295:
292:
291:
289:
285:
279:
271:
265:
264:Bahasa Melayu
260:
257:
253:
248:
245:
244:
242:
236:
228:
225:
224:
223:
220:
219:
218:
214:
208:
198:
195:
194:
193:
190:
189:
188:
185:
184:
183:
179:
175:
169:
165:
161:
155:
152:
148:
141:
137:
134:
130:
127:
125:
122:
121:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
67:Pronunciation
65:
55:
54:Bahasa Melayu
50:
45:
40:
35:
28:
24:
19:
22483:† indicates
22248:Niuatoputapu
21072:Maewo–Ambae–
20974:Torres–Banks
20922:Nimoa–Sudest
20434:Ngero–Vitiaz
20394:Mangga Buang
20205:Arop-Sissano
19705:Tungag–Nalik
19694:New Ireland–
19330:Mussau-Emira
19057:Cenderawasih
18794:Seit-Kaitetu
18081:Kei–Tanimbar
17766:Sumba–Flores
17277:Kaili–Pamona
16626:Pahang Malay
16525:Bangka Malay
16482:
16433:Iban–Malayan
16319:Bukar–Sadong
16058:Wahau Kenyah
15896:Kinabatangan
15808:Bisaya–Lotud
15743:North Borneo
14925:Pandan Bikol
14517:Cagayan Agta
14488:Dicamay Agta
14070:
13932:Northern Pwo
13862:Sino-Tibetan
13778:Austronesian
13630:Northwestern
13477:Penan-Nibong
13401:Brunei Malay
13382:
13326:
13323:
13320:
13119:
13046:(historical)
13043:
12917:
12898:
12877:
12869:
12861:
12854:(isiNdebele)
12853:
12832:
12824:
12816:
12807:Sotho–Tswana
12410:Chitty Malay
12405:Bazaar Malay
12350:
12329:
12053:Chetty Malay
11795:Chaoshan Min
11773:Southern Min
11712:Sino-Tibetan
11593:Sabah Bisaya
11473:Kinabatangan
11378:Bukar–Sadong
11238:Pahang Malay
11107:
11034:Austronesian
10504:Papuan Malay
10470:Manado Malay
10460:Kupang Malay
10055:Bulaka River
10027:Marind–Yaqai
10004:Kaure–Kosare
9966:West Pauwasi
9943:East Pauwasi
9240:Paniai Lakes
9225:Western Dani
8937:Asmat–Mombum
8312:Sumba–Flores
8231:Kei-Tanimbar
8013:Cenderawasih
7993:West Lembata
7863:Seit-Kaitetu
7580:Kola-Kompane
7147:Bukar Sadong
6237:Sambas Malay
6201:Coastal Riau
6118:Melawi Malay
6035:Landak Malay
6004:Kualuh Malay
5974:Kayong Malay
5863:Bangka Malay
5781:
5632:
5598:
5594:
5574:
5556:
5552:
5535:11343/122869
5515:
5509:
5486:
5476:
5464:. Retrieved
5460:
5450:
5442:
5438:
5426:. Retrieved
5414:
5401:
5366:
5362:
5352:
5313:
5306:
5281:
5277:
5271:
5262:
5256:
5247:
5241:
5214:
5210:
5207:"Indonesian"
5200:
5191:
5185:
5161:
5154:
5134:
5130:
5097:
5090:
5078:. Retrieved
5068:
5056:. Retrieved
5052:
5043:
5035:
5031:
5025:
5021:
5001:
4971:
4964:
4955:
4945:
4927:
4915:. Retrieved
4911:the original
4901:
4881:
4863:
4838:
4834:
4821:
4810:
4801:
4795:
4776:
4763:
4751:. Retrieved
4737:
4733:
4723:
4706:
4697:
4691:
4679:. Retrieved
4675:the original
4670:
4646:. Retrieved
4642:
4633:
4622:
4618:
4605:
4597:the original
4590:
4581:
4571:
4569:
4562:. Retrieved
4551:
4532:
4514:
4496:
4478:
4460:
4442:
4424:
4416:
4389:
4359:
4352:Constitution
4346:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4263:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4234:
4227:
4222:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4169:
4144:
4142:
4137:
4134:beta pu nama
4133:
4129:
4126:kita pe nama
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4112:(from Malay
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4087:
4083:Papuan Malay
4075:Kupang Malay
4063:Manado Malay
4052:
3979:
3954:Constitution
3945:
3943:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3898:(sympathy),
3895:
3889:
3874:
3859:
3857:
3832:
3789:
3780:
3765:Please help
3753:
3710:
3686:Papuan Malay
3682:Manado Malay
3678:Kupang Malay
3651:
3619:Bangka Malay
3596:
3565:
3549:Talang Mamak
3543:(Bengkulu),
3535:. They are:
3530:
3514:Kampung Alor
3487:
3423:
3410:
3406:adding to it
3401:
3371:
3362:
3347:Please help
3335:
3294:
3281:
3277:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3221:Malay is an
3220:
3104:Arekan (eg.
3065:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2904:("tax") and
2901:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2874:
2846:
2845:
2731:
2723:
2659:
2633:
2600:lohor, zuhur
2599:
2572:"good will"
2569:
2535:
2481:
2480:
2414:
2310:
2309:
1953:
1941:
1873:Brunei Malay
1842:
1833:
1829:
1783:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1734:
1733:(Latin) and
1730:
1729:
1712:
1696:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1676:Latin script
1673:
1670:, Indonesia.
1666:language in
1611:Brunei Malay
1596:
1584:Indian Ocean
1560:Austronesian
1557:
1539:
1505:
1500:
1478:
1476:
1464:
1436:Adityawarman
1433:
1386:
1382:
1329:Riau Islands
1264:
1224:
1207:
1131:pluricentric
1128:
1035:
1034:
975:Linguasphere
958:
922:Manado Malay
902:Kupang Malay
792:Chetty Malay
782:Brunei Malay
551:in Indonesia
525:Syburi Malay
360:Signed forms
315:Pegon script
196:
182:Austronesian
140:Malayophones
18:
22215:Ontong Java
22073:Pingelapese
22000:Mortlockese
21955:Marshallese
21934:Micronesian
21911:Micronesian
21647:North Tanna
21620:Utaha / Ifo
21274:North Efate
21194:Merei-Tiale
20399:Mapos Buang
18946:Maya–Matbat
18764:Sepa-Teluti
18441:North Babar
18393:Dela-Oenale
18115:Uruangnirin
17503:Seko Tengah
17498:Seko Padang
17443:Makassarese
17415:Campalagian
17151:Tukang Besi
16907:Lampung Api
16904:Lampung Nyo
16666:Urak Lawoiʼ
16646:Reman Malay
16636:Perak Malay
16616:Orang Kanaq
16571:Kutai Malay
16560:Kedah Malay
16550:Jambi Malay
16520:Berau Malay
16500:Minangkabau
16381:Aceh–Chamic
16206:Punan Merap
15901:Abai Sungai
15227:Maguindanao
15186:Taawʼt Bato
15059:Romblomanon
14910:Isarog Agta
14900:Albay Bikol
14871:Old Tagalog
14860:Kasiguranin
14707:(Remontado)
14705:Hatang Kayi
14700:Kapampangan
14065:‹ The
13947:S'gaw Karen
13875:Eastern Pwo
13829:Urak Lawoi’
13811:Satun Malay
13583:Chiang Saen
13554:Other Thais
13168:Angloromani
13107:LGBTQ slang
12918:(Tshivenḓa)
12619:Minangkabau
12063:Sabah Malay
12058:Cocos Malay
11947:Minangkabau
11898:archipelago
11768:Pu-Xian Min
11746:Eastern Min
11696:Significant
11538:Murik Kayan
11248:Reman Malay
11243:Perak Malay
11228:Orang Kanaq
11168:Kedah Malay
11163:Judeo-Malay
11044:Kayan–Murik
10923:† indicate
10596:Pidgin Onin
10510:Serui Malay
10435:Banda Malay
9913:Biksi-Yetfa
9539:Lakes Plain
9321:Komyandaret
9278:Digul River
8960:North Asmat
8824:West Makian
8568:North Babar
8498:Dela-Oenale
8465:Timor–Babar
8274:Micronesian
8259:Uruangnirin
7868:Sepa-Teluti
7412:Gorontaloan
7311:Punan Merap
7114:Punan Merah
7071:Kayan–Murik
6948:Seko Tengah
6943:Seko Padang
6903:Makassarese
6853:Campalagian
6627:Tukang Besi
6215:Rokan Hilir
6180:Panai Malay
6076:Minangkabau
6020:Kota Bangun
5949:Jambi Malay
5888:Berau Malay
5850:Nusa Penida
5832:Bacan Malay
5518:(1): 1–30.
5080:22 December
4917:22 December
4648:20 November
4493:Ambon Malay
4301:Jawi script
4214:Indonesian
4014:Minangkabau
4010:Jambi Malay
3904:tengah hari
3892:Philippines
3836:Article 152
3823:Jawi script
3723:, numerous
3706:Sabah Malay
3694:Satun Malay
3662:Cocos Malay
3627:Kutai Malay
3623:Jambi Malay
3615:Berau Malay
3607:Kedah Malay
3584:Orang Kanaq
3578:. They are
3572:Proto-Malay
3537:Minangkabau
3522:Philippines
3251:circumfixes
3175:Minangkabau
3143:Tanah Abang
2958:Johor-Riau
2744:split into
2736:split into
2660:saat, sa'at
2634:ghaib, raib
2570:redha, rela
2501:Assimilated
2230:Approximant
1914:Philippines
1893:Article 152
1715:, a Malay "
1692:Arab Melayu
1678:, known as
1619:Kedah Malay
1534:, as their
1440:Dharmasraya
1373:Dharmasraya
1159:") or also
1090:that is an
932:Minangkabau
862:Kedah Malay
842:Jambi Malay
802:Cocos Malay
692:Ambon Malay
557:in Malaysia
486:Local Malay
344:Ulu scripts
340:Kawi script
308:Jawi script
211:Early forms
166:" speakers)
22507:Categories
22399:West Uvean
22384:Rennellese
22183:Polynesian
22172:Polynesian
22020:Satawalese
22015:Puluwatese
21984:Carolinian
21945:Gilbertese
21683:Loyalties–
21455:Maskelynes
21410:Big Nambas
21101:Sun̄wadaga
20697:Bwanabwana
20672:Papuan Tip
20608:Arop-Lukep
20220:Ulau-Suain
20107:New Guinea
19906:Cheke Holo
19861:Sursurunga
19836:Lungalunga
19798:St. George
19634:Melanesian
19546:Marau Wawa
19244:Baluan-Pam
19147:Serui-Laut
18925:Ambel–Biga
18492:East Damar
18431:West Damar
18009:Lewo Eleng
17825:Anakalangu
17775:Sumba–Hawu
17366:Ledo Kaili
17343:Wotu–Wolio
17121:Kaimbulawa
17098:Muna–Buton
17053:Mori Bawah
16981:Bali–Sasak
16948:Tenggerese
16938:Banyumasan
16862:Mandailing
16852:Simalungun
16766:Sumatran *
16711:Cirebonese
16596:Orang Laut
16493:Indonesian
16296:Land Dayak
16281:Krio Dayak
16176:Punan Batu
16053:Umaʼ Lasan
15675:Sama–Bajaw
15545:Katabangan
15494:Tontemboan
15290:Matigsalug
15255:Ata Manobo
15074:Surigaonon
15009:Hiligaynon
14958:Bantayanon
14879:Batangueño
14803:Philippine
14754:Mariveleño
14670:Pangasinan
14428:Philippine
14169:Kanakanavu
13839:Hmong-Mien
13768:Vietnamese
13562:Lao–Phutai
13447:Lun Bawang
13039:Portuguese
12988:Nhlangwini
12951:Indigenous
12936:Recognised
12899:(Xitsonga)
12889:Tswa–Ronga
12870:(isiXhosa)
12833:(Setswana)
12675:Vietnamese
12592:Mandailing
12564:Indonesian
12522:Indo-Aryan
12400:Baba Malay
12196:Vietnamese
12186:Sri Lankan
12144:Indonesian
12101:Immigrants
12048:Baba Malay
11968:Philippine
11961:Philippine
11942:Mandailing
11896:Indonesian
11683:Umaʼ Lasan
11573:Punan Batu
11518:Lun Bawang
11263:Semaq Beri
11118:Peninsular
11101:Nationwide
11093:Indigenous
11064:Sama–Bajaw
11059:Philippine
11049:Land Dayak
10905:Kata Kolok
10739:Portuguese
10651:Fuzhounese
10591:Pidgin Iha
10499:Orang Pulo
10491:Sula Malay
10425:Alor Malay
9834:Momuna–Mek
9809:Ninggerum
9680:Nisa-Anasi
9519:Samarokena
9366:Foja Range
9061:Duriankari
8628:West Damar
8508:East Damar
8320:Anakalangu
8171:Serui-Laut
8011:Halmahera-
7972:Lewo Eleng
7782:Liana-Seti
7475:Tontemboan
7316:Punan Tubu
7271:Lun Bawang
7258:Mainstream
7129:Land Dayak
6770:Simalungun
6763:Mandailing
6547:Mori Bawah
6492:Kaimbulawa
6376:Tenggerese
6348:Cirebonese
6341:Banyumasan
6229:Tembilahan
6208:Pangaraian
6195:Riau Malay
6175:Palu Malay
6027:Tenggarong
5908:Deli Malay
5903:Col/Lembak
5784:Indonesian
5443:Ethnologue
5428:5 November
5335:0858834081
5027:Ethnologue
4753:29 January
4716:Indonesian
4564:20 October
4534:Ethnologue
4516:Ethnologue
4511:Baba Malay
4498:Ethnologue
4480:Ethnologue
4462:Ethnologue
4457:Indonesian
4444:Ethnologue
4426:Ethnologue
4398:1885/10191
4372:References
4188:pernyataan
4122:rumah kita
4108:and Ambon
4102:kita orang
4096:and Ambon
4079:Dili Malay
3998:Riau Malay
3982:Indonesian
3950:East Timor
3938:Indonesian
3914:and other
3906:(midday),
3896:dalam hati
3713:Cape Malay
3674:Dili Malay
3656:, such as
3631:Riau Malay
3603:Indonesian
3568:Orang Asli
3518:East Timor
3446:Portuguese
3436:, certain
3227:affixation
3179:Yogyakarta
3118:Kalimantan
3051:final ⟨r⟩
2898:/ai,au,oi/
2881:"war" and
2690:"Tuesday"
1950:Consonants
1922:Davao City
1918:Indonesian
1889:Portuguese
1877:East Timor
1857:East Timor
1838:Indonesian
1802:See also:
1609:of Brunei—
1607:vernacular
1580:Madagascar
1552:See also:
1444:Srivijayan
1417:Musi River
1357:Kalimantan
1233:Orang Asli
1226:Ethnologue
1122:") across
1120:Indonesian
1112:East Timor
1083:بهاس ملايو
1019:Dili Malay
702:Baba Malay
672:Indonesian
507:Indonesian
503:Dili Malay
499:East Timor
494:Kalimantan
482:Indonesian
456:Indonesian
412:Indonesian
247:Indonesian
164:Indonesian
138:(see also
133:Indonesian
87:East Timor
60:بهاس ملايو
22421:Niuafoʻou
22379:Pukapukan
22374:Mele-Fila
22338:Tuamotuan
22308:Marquesan
22290:Mangareva
22259:Tokelauan
22162:Lomaiviti
22078:Pohnpeian
22068:Ngatikese
22005:Namonuito
21597:Erromango
21525:Sörsörian
21450:Malua Bay
21435:Lendamboi
21425:Bwenelang
21324:Port Vato
21314:Lonwolwol
21309:Dalkalaen
21209:Shark Bay
21106:Sun̄wadia
20872:Yakaikeke
20822:Gapapaiwa
20687:ʼAuhelawa
20618:Malasanga
20517:Mouk-Aria
20472:Awad Bing
20462:Malalamai
20339:Maralango
20314:Aribwaung
20308:Aribwatsa
20285:Huon Gulf
20137:Kayupulau
19916:Ghanongga
19901:Blablanga
19883:Solomonic
19881:Northwest
19851:Ramoaaina
19841:Niwer Mil
19815:Guramalum
19810:Fanamaket
19717:Laxudumau
19698:Solomonic
19696:Northwest
19673:Bali-Vitu
19642:Willaumez
19587:Gulaʼalaa
19552:Toʼabaita
19548: ? †
19448:Solomonic
19446:Southeast
19370:Tanimbili
19210:Admiralty
19166:Southwest
18900:Warembori
18815:Nusa Laut
18719:Yalahatan
18365:Rote–Meto
18288:Kawaimina
18071:Seluwasan
17994:Lamaholot
17987:Lamaholot
17887:Manggarai
17645:Kalumpang
17629:Ulumandaʼ
17593:Malimpung
17213:Balaesang
17126:Kumbewaha
17058:Mori Atas
17028:Bahonsuai
16893:Lampungic
16706:Bantenese
16690:Sundanese
16683:Sundanese
16488:Malaysian
16470:Seberuang
16349:Semandang
16156:Daro-Matu
16001:Kalabakan
15976:Sembakung
15921:Murutic *
15891:Tombonuwo
15801:Dusunic *
15484:Tonsawang
15466:Minahasan
15451:Sangirese
15390:Agutaynen
15363:Ponosakan
15358:Mongondow
15348:Kaidipang
15343:Gorontalo
15300:Sarangani
15280:Kagayanen
15158:Palawanic
15102:Davawenyo
15049:Porohanon
15034:Masbateño
15024:Karolanos
14973:Caluyanon
14930:Rinconada
14848:Tagalogic
14734:Mag-antsi
14660:Kalanguya
14622:Kankanaey
14281:Kavalanic
14252:Favorlang
14215:Northwest
13937:Phrae Pwo
13910:Hainanese
13890:Cantonese
13614:Sukhothai
13605:Thai Song
13526:Languages
13121:IsiNgqumo
13069:Religious
12878:(isiZulu)
12862:(siSwati)
12825:(Sesotho)
12783:Afrikaans
12604:Baweanese
12577:Banjarese
12510:Malayalam
12505:Dravidian
12460:Hainanese
12455:Cantonese
12425:Singdarin
12237:By states
12091:Esperanto
12028:Chavacano
11841:Malayalam
11836:Dravidian
11763:Hainanese
11722:Cantonese
11658:Tombonuwo
11623:Sembakung
11443:Kalabakan
11393:Daro-Matu
11133:Cheq Wong
11071:Tai-Kadai
10988:Malaysian
10656:Hainanese
10641:Cantonese
10580:Mardijker
10524:Surabayan
10518:Peranakan
10279:Warembori
10208:Kimaghama
10096:Tamagario
9852:Ketengban
9774:Burumakok
9622:Sikaritai
9607:Obokuitai
9351:Tsaukambo
9081:Kemberano
9066:Inanwatan
8764:Gamkonora
8666:Kayupulau
8390:Manggarai
8302:Seluwasan
8076:Erokwanas
7931:Lamaholot
7903:Yalahatan
7838:Nusa Laut
7465:Tonsawang
7447:Minahasan
7432:Ponosakan
7427:Mongondow
7417:Kaidipang
7342:Kalabakan
7296:Sembakung
7192:Semandang
7172:Rejangese
6973:Ulumanda’
6908:Malimpung
6888:Kalumpang
6701:Kayuagung
6687:Lampungic
6552:Mori Atas
6512:Kumbewaha
6417:Balaesang
6412:Bahonsuai
6355:Indramayu
6329:Javanese
6322:Javanesic
6290:Bantenese
6277:Sundanese
6141:Palembang
6014:Kutainese
5941:Seberuang
5868:Banjarese
5623:129174700
5393:213343934
5385:2180-2726
5233:1475-3502
5058:30 August
4712:Malaysian
4307:for Malay
4254:Perkara 1
4244:Article 1
3974:Malaysian
3902:(glory),
3900:luwalhati
3819:Sri Lanka
3754:does not
3729:Afrikaans
3721:Coloureds
3717:Cape Town
3643:Banjarese
3599:Malaysian
3506:Singapore
3498:Indonesia
3413:July 2019
3336:does not
3274:inflected
3266:dia punya
3170:Palembang
3139:Pontianak
3090:(origin)
3079:Phonemes
2964:Northern
2937:/i,e,u,o/
2636:"hidden"
2236:semivowel
2141:voiceless
2135:Fricative
2051:voiceless
2045:Affricate
1932:Phonology
1861:Singapore
1849:Indonesia
1664:Old Malay
1516:Indonesia
1460:Indonesia
1425:Old Malay
1421:Srivijaya
1337:Singapore
1317:Palembang
1313:Srivijaya
1157:Malaysian
1108:Singapore
1100:Indonesia
1072:; Malay:
960:Glottolog
732:Banjarese
641:ISO 639-3
605:ISO 639-2
587:ISO 639-1
563:in Brunei
511:Indonesia
478:Indonesia
439:Singapore
408:Indonesia
319:Indonesia
217:Old Malay
117:Ethnicity
99:Singapore
91:Indonesia
34:Malayalam
22333:Tahitian
22328:Rapa Nui
22285:Hawaiian
22230:Tuvaluan
22220:Sikaiana
22205:Nukumanu
22152:Gone Dau
22063:Mokilese
22055:Pohnpeic
22045:Woleaian
22040:Ulithian
22025:Sonsorol
21989:Chuukese
21967:Pohnpeic
21965:Chuukic–
21950:Kosraean
21879:Waamwang
21829:Hmwaveke
21792:Northern
21777:Xârâgurè
21747:Ndrumbea
21725:Southern
21670:Aneityum
21495:Neverver
21465:Nasarian
21445:Malfaxal
21440:Litzlitz
21400:Aveteian
21382:Malakula
21264:Central
21254:Southern
21229:Tolomako
21224:Tasiriki
20952:Southern
20903:Kilivila
20882:Gumawana
20857:Minaveha
20832:Kaninuwa
20792:Sewa Bay
20762:Boselewa
20752:Maiadomu
20747:Koluwawa
20737:Iamalele
20727:Bwaidoka
20722:Wagawaga
20623:Mur Pano
20583:Mangseng
20543:Sengseng
20359:Silisili
20197:Schouten
20147:Masimasi
20118:Jayapura
19988:Papapana
19973:Mono-Alu
19941:Kazukuru
19891:Babatana
19846:Patpatar
19826:Konomala
19659:Meramera
19602:ꞋAreꞌare
19577:Kwaraʼae
19567:Fataleka
19557:Baelelea
19502:Malaita–
19379:Vanikoro
19178:Yerisiam
18799:Kamarian
18754:Wakasihu
18729:Piru Bay
18709:Manusela
18681:Nunusaku
18650:Masiwang
18640:Watubela
18583:Hukumina
18552:Teor-Kur
18466:Emplawas
18408:Uab Meto
18242:Tukudede
18183:Tarangan
18173:Manombai
18029:Lewotobi
18024:Lamalera
18004:Lamatuka
17932:Nagé-Kéo
17912:Wae Rana
17840:Baliledo
17830:Wanukaka
17710:Chamorro
17703:Isolates
17690:Lemolang
17667:Talondoʼ
17583:Enrekang
17545:Northern
17493:Panasuan
17435:Makassar
17410:Buginese
17224:Dampelas
17189:Bobongko
17174:Balantak
17131:Lasalimu
17106:Bonerate
17078:Tomadino
17068:Rahambuu
17048:Moronene
17043:Kulisusu
16991:Balinese
16983:–Sumbawa
16966:Madurese
16959:Madurese
16927:Javanese
16920:Javanese
16911:Komering
16814:Simeulue
16799:Mentawai
16739:Moklenic
16530:Bengkulu
16454:Keninjal
16389:Acehnese
16359:Benyaduʼ
16344:Kembayan
16339:Jangkang
16329:Tringgus
16261:Hovongan
16079:Lundayeh
15971:Selungai
15966:Keningau
15906:Serudung
15883:Paitanic
15660:Ampanang
15650:Bakumpai
15630:Lawangan
15620:Maʼanyan
15615:Balangan
15588:Malagasy
15433:Sangiric
15382:Kalamian
15328:Bintauna
15305:Tagabawa
15270:Higaonon
15181:Palawano
15094:Mansakan
15054:Ratagnon
15014:Kabalian
14989:Boholano
14978:Capiznon
14968:Butuanon
14855:Filipino
14791:Tadyawan
14749:Mag-indi
14716:Sambalic
14645:Bugkalot
14592:Balangao
14435:) ?
14331:Siraiyac
14321:Sakizaya
14224:Saisiyat
14217:Formosan
14193:Atayalic
14184:Northern
14067:template
14024:Japanese
13748:Nyah Kur
13713:Northern
13661:Minority
13574:Phu Thai
13530:Thailand
13148:Fanagalo
13086:Sanskrit
13029:Gujarati
12767:Official
12655:Japanese
12650:Filipino
12640:Armenian
12614:Javanese
12609:Buginese
12572:Acehnese
12532:Gujarati
12420:Singlish
12415:Kristang
12356:Mandarin
12339:Official
12323:National
12176:Nepalese
12161:Japanese
12139:Filipino
12086:Tanglish
12038:Manglish
12033:Kristang
11932:Javanese
11927:Buginese
11915:Madurese
11905:Acehnese
11870:Gujarati
11698:minority
11668:Tringgus
11633:Serudung
11463:Kendayan
11433:Jangkang
11315:Malaysia
11203:Mah Meri
11193:Kristang
11120:Malaysia
11014:Families
10980:Official
10873:Japanese
10865:Filipino
10782:Sanskrit
10762:Gujarati
10712:European
10697:Mandarin
10601:Portugis
10371:Uhunduni
10223:Riantana
10086:Atohwaim
9695:Tunggare
9655:Baropasi
9612:Papasena
9597:Kirikiri
9524:Trimuris
9514:Oksapmin
9499:Nimboran
9494:Namblong
9106:Yahadian
8975:Kamberau
8892:Nedebang
8676:Masimasi
8623:Uab Meto
8513:Emplawas
8450:Wanukaka
8445:Wae Rana
8325:Baliledo
8221:Yeresiam
8216:Yeretuar
8196:Wandamen
8046:Bedoanas
7979:Lewotobi
7958:Lamatuka
7951:Lamalera
7893:Watubela
7883:Teor-Kur
7828:Naka'ela
7823:Masiwang
7818:Manusela
7751:Kamarian
7734:Hukumina
7605:Tarangan
7595:Manombai
7485:Sangiric
7397:Bintauna
7289:Selungai
7227:Bah-Biau
7209:Tringgus
7157:Kembayan
7152:Jangkang
7094:Hovongan
7046:Ot Siang
7036:Ot Danum
7021:Ma'anyan
7016:Lawangan
6996:Bakumpai
6991:Ampanang
6958:Talondo’
6928:Panasuan
6893:Lemolang
6878:Enrekang
6848:Buginese
6805:Simeulue
6795:Mentawai
6695:Komering
6637:Tomadino
6587:Rahambuu
6542:Moronene
6517:Lasalimu
6507:Kulisusu
6472:Dampelas
6452:Bonerate
6447:Bobongko
6422:Balantak
6304:Priangan
6134:Lematang
6103:Mukomuko
6055:Madurese
5984:Keninjal
5979:Kendayan
5883:Bengkulu
5843:Bali Aga
5837:Balinese
5819:Bakongan
5813:Acehnese
5544:27868100
5466:17 March
5344:26845189
5053:Omniglot
4935:Archived
4879:(1996).
4855:62886471
4592:The Star
4285:See also
4206:English
4174:Examples
4022:Bengkulu
3986:Malaccan
3980:Besides
3877:Thailand
3647:Menterap
3502:Malaysia
3475:Jakartan
3430:Sanskrit
3247:suffixes
3243:prefixes
3186:Fronted
3159:Rounded
2947:is not.
2718:"grave"
2504:Example
2498:Distinct
1976:Alveolar
1865:Thailand
1853:Malaysia
1794:script.
1780:Cambodia
1658:, using
1592:cognates
1576:Malagasy
1566:and the
1520:Portugal
1493:Sanskrit
1468:(Malay:
1446:rule in
1409:Dutchman
1351:, South
1349:Cambodia
1345:Thailand
1116:Thailand
1104:Malaysia
1086:) is an
981:31-MFA-a
967:nucl1806
517:Thailand
501:(beside
426:Malaysia
313:Arabic (
150:Speakers
95:Malaysia
22423: ?
22389:Tikopia
22347:Futunic
22313:Penrhyn
22300:Moriori
22275:Austral
22268:Eastern
22210:Nukuoro
22200:Nuguria
22181:Nuclear
22122:Rotuman
22102:Pacific
22100:Central
22030:Tanapag
22010:Pááfang
21976:Chuukic
21932:Nuclear
21923:Nauruan
21864:Pwaamèi
21849:Nyâlayu
21772:Xârâcùù
21709:Nengone
21490:Neveʻei
21480:Navwien
21470:Nasvang
21460:Nahavaq
21430:Larëvat
21420:Burmbar
21415:Botovro
21352:Bierebo
21319:Paamese
21304:Daakaka
21284:Efatese
21266:Vanuatu
21256:Oceanic
21252:Nuclear
21214:Tamambo
21081:Baetora
21037:Mwotlap
21027:Mwerlap
21012:Lo-Toga
21007:Lemerig
20965:Vanuatu
20954:Oceanic
20898:Budibud
20862:Taupota
20852:Maiwala
20847:Haigwai
20827:Ghayavi
20802:Kakabai
20787:Mwatebu
20717:Unubahe
20702:Oyaʼoya
20680:Nuclear
20532:Kaulong
20512:Lamogai
20497:Mindiri
20492:Matukar
20482:Gedaged
20477:Bilibil
20424:Numbami
20265:Medebur
20240:Kairiru
20230:Yakamul
20215:Sissano
20162:Kaptiau
20120: ?
20059:Vangunu
20033:Tinputz
20008:Roviana
19952:Kusaghe
19896:Bannoni
19664:Nakanai
19623:Oceanic
19621:Western
19488:Malango
19365:Asumboa
19279:Western
19270:Penchal
19232:Eastern
19224: ?
19201:Oceanic
19132:Munggui
19084:Meoswar
18908: ?
18902: ?
18895:Waropen
18820:Saparua
18774:Kaibobo
18769:Paulohi
18738:Asilulu
18731: ?
18661:Benggoi
18605:Taliabo
18600:Mangole
18589:Moksela
18568:Ambelau
18471:Imroing
18413:Amarasi
18398:Termanu
18388:Ringgou
18319: ?
18313: ?
18278:Atauran
18221:Idalaka
18198:Timoric
18138:Batuley
18133:Barakai
18100:Yamdena
18095:Fordata
18083: ?
18039:Ile Ape
18034:Adonara
17999:Alorese
17897:Rembong
17850:Lamboya
17820:Mamboru
17815:Kambera
17715:Palauan
17669: ?
17655:Pattaeʼ
17463:Selayar
17448:Bentong
17420:Embaloh
17361:Laiyolo
17324:Topoiyo
17294:Mbelala
17261: ?
17220: ?
17179:Banggai
17146:Pancana
17136:Liabuku
17116:Cia-Cia
17088:Wawonii
17038:Kodeoha
17011:Celebic
17001:Sumbawa
16971:Kangean
16900:Lampung
16881: ?
16837:Angkola
16790: ?
16788:Enggano
16741: ?
16581:Kerinci
16567: ?
16460:Mualang
16456: ?
16364:Sanggau
16304:Bakatiʼ
16233:Kayanic
16171:Bukitan
16166:Melanau
16151:Sekapan
16146:Lahanan
16141:Kajaman
16119:Bintulu
16094:Berawan
16074:Lengilu
16069:Kelabit
16065: ?
15961:Timugon
15948:Murutic
15934: ?
15919:Greater
15830:Dusunic
15799:Greater
15781: ?
15741:Greater
15683:Abaknon
15665:Tunjung
15479:Tondano
15474:Tombulu
15446:Ratahan
15423:Teduray
15333:Bolango
15285:Kamigin
15275:Ilianen
15260:Binukid
15232:Maranao
15196:Subanen
15127:Mansaka
15122:Mandaya
15117:Mamanwa
15107:Kalagan
15029:Magahat
15019:Karay-a
15004:Cuyonon
14983:Cebuano
14948:Akeanon
14940:Bisayan
14865:Tagalog
14830:Tawbuid
14825:Hanunoo
14781:Alangan
14744:Botolan
14739:Bolinao
14724:Abellen
14617:Kalinga
14527:Gaddang
14522:Gaʼdang
14494:Ilocano
14451:Itbayat
14433:linkage
14345:Taivoan
14299:Luilang
14294:Kavalan
14069:below (
14019:English
13996:Russian
13991:Punjabi
13981:Burmese
13915:Hokchew
13905:Hokkien
13895:Teochew
13885:Sinitic
13852:Iu Mien
13763:Thavung
13758:Ten'edn
13753:Palaung
13720:Western
13647:Tai Nüa
13457:Berawan
13452:Melanau
13427:Chinese
13406:English
13233:Sinhala
13012:Foreign
12968:Khoisan
12897:Tsonga
12831:Tswana
12788:English
12645:Burmese
12587:Angkola
12552:Sinhala
12542:Punjabi
12527:Bengali
12485:Teochew
12480:Hokkien
12475:Hokchew
12470:Henghwa
12450:Sinitic
12442:Chinese
12346:English
12156:Persian
12124:Burmese
12119:Bengali
12109:African
12020:Creoles
11978:Maranao
11937:Kerinci
11880:Punjabi
11800:Teochew
11778:Hokkien
11705:Chinese
11653:Timugon
11613:Sekapan
11533:Momogun
11528:Melanau
11508:Lengilu
11498:Lahanan
11458:Kelabit
11448:Kanowit
11438:Kajaman
11383:Bukitan
11353:Bintulu
11343:Berawan
11268:Semelai
11178:Kenaboi
11143:Jah Hut
11088:Natives
11054:Malayic
10993:English
10859:Tagalog
10777:Punjabi
10757:Bengali
10734:English
10702:Teochew
10692:Hinghwa
10671:Hokkien
10633:Chinese
10569:Javindo
10408:Pidgins
10404:Creoles
10365:Tambora
10335:Maybrat
10315:Burmeso
10300:Abinomn
10200:Kolopom
10180:Mairasi
10172:Mairasi
10134:Sowanda
10091:Kayagar
10078:Kayagar
9984:Tofanma
9877:Somahai
9862:Korupun
9857:Kosarek
9847:Goliath
9824:Yonggom
9751:Sentani
9637:Waritai
9632:Taworta
9602:Kwerisa
9552:Biritai
9459:Kwesten
9444:Kemtuik
9434:Kauwera
9419:Isirawa
9394:Bonerif
9374:Airoran
9331:Mandobo
9326:Korowai
9139:Moskona
9096:Kovojab
9056:Dombano
9051:Arandai
9008:Kalabra
8985:Koneraw
8945:Buruwai
8927:Woisika
8917:Wersing
8814:Togutil
8799:Ternate
8691:Kaptiau
8603:Termanu
8573:Ringgou
8528:Imroing
8473:Amarasi
8420:Rembong
8385:Mamboru
8375:Lamboya
8355:Kambera
8264:Yamdena
8239:Fordata
8201:Waropen
8136:Meoswar
8126:Munggui
8086:Irarutu
7944:Ile Ape
7937:Adonara
7921:Alorese
7878:Taliabo
7858:Saparua
7853:Saleman
7843:Paulohi
7808:Mangole
7746:Kaibobo
7696:Kailolo
7689:Hulaliu
7658:Benggoi
7643:Asilulu
7638:Ambelau
7560:Batuley
7555:Barakai
7498:Ratahan
7460:Tondano
7455:Tombulu
7402:Bolango
7349:Nonukan
7330:Tidung
7266:Lengilu
7247:Kelabit
7242:Bukitan
7197:Beginci
7182:Sanggau
7137:Bakati’
7051:Tunjung
6938:Selayar
6873:Embaloh
6838:Bentong
6785:Enggano
6742:Angkola
6709:Lampung
6667:Wawonii
6642:Topoiyo
6577:Pancana
6537:Mbelala
6532:Liabuku
6522:Laiyolo
6502:Kodeoha
6467:Cia-Cia
6427:Banggai
6394:Celebic
6272:Sumbawa
6262:Semende
6155:Penukal
6148:Penesak
6110:Pesisir
6096:Kuantan
6045:Loncong
5989:Kerinci
5959:Kangean
5934:Mualang
5893:Besemah
5298:3622989
4775:(ed.).
4718:", etc.
4681:30 July
4249:Pasal 1
4184:perkara
4055:creoles
4026:Jakarta
4018:Kerinci
4002:Langkat
3990:Sumatra
3976:speaker
3940:speaker
3912:Tagalog
3881:Pattani
3852:English
3838:of the
3775:removed
3760:sources
3635:Loncong
3533:Sumatra
3480:Malay (
3454:English
3442:Persian
3357:removed
3342:sources
3303:and an
3239:derived
3211:Grammar
3197:Jakarta
3166:Pattani
3147:Jakarta
3128:Raised
3110:Sarawak
3106:Tengger
3054:silent
2879:/pəraŋ/
2849:: both
2765:Central
2538:"news"
2457:is 'kh'
2447:is 'sy'
2368:is 'ng'
2265:lateral
1996:Glottal
1986:Palatal
1909:English
1895:of the
1881:English
1871:called
1826:Jakarta
1776:Vietnam
1764:Rencong
1756:Pallava
1690:called
1582:in the
1508:Ternate
1456:Sumatra
1448:Sumatra
1413:Sumatra
1399:of the
1393:Sumatra
1361:Sarawak
1353:Vietnam
1321:Sumatra
1297:History
1213:Malacca
1199:Sumatra
882:Kerinci
629: (
616: (
490:Sumatra
192:Malayic
22432:Tongan
22427:Niuean
22413:Tongic
22254:Samoan
22240:Samoic
22147:Fijian
22035:Tobian
21885:Yuanga
21874:Vamale
21869:Pwapwâ
21824:Haveke
21809:Cèmuhî
21799:Bwatoo
21609:Sorung
21565:Alovas
21510:Nitita
21505:Nisvai
21357:Bieria
21299:Makura
21294:Lelepa
21279:Nafsan
21234:Tutuba
21219:Tangoa
21189:Mav̋ea
21177:Nokuku
21086:Duidui
21052:Veraʼa
21032:Mwesen
21002:Lehali
20934:Sudest
20908:Misima
20867:Tawala
20797:Dawawa
20782:Molima
20777:Galeya
20757:Bunama
20732:Diodio
20707:Saliba
20692:Buhutu
20613:Karnai
20603:Mengen
20598:Mamusi
20588:Solong
20568:Bebeli
20558:Apalik
20553:Akolet
20548:Aiklep
20527:Karore
20442:Bariai
20404:Mumeng
20389:Kumalu
20369:Wampur
20364:Wampar
20324:Dangal
20319:Adzera
20293:Bukawa
20245:Terebu
20225:Tumleo
20177:Tobati
20172:Tarpia
20157:Podena
20132:Bonggo
20116:Sarmi–
20087:Tomoip
20069:Zabana
20064:Varisi
20054:Vaghua
20048:Uruava
20043:Ughele
20013:Saposa
19993:Petats
19968:Marovo
19963:Lungga
19947:Kokota
19866:Tangga
19821:Kandas
19758:Madara
19737:Tungag
19597:Doriʼo
19562:Baeggu
19526:Fagani
19511:Longgu
19493:Talise
19463:Bugotu
19428:Nalögo
19396:Tanema
19391:Lovono
19353:Utupua
19345:Temotu
19303:Wuvulu
19298:Seimat
19255:Lenkau
19249:Hermit
19222:Yapese
19152:Kurudu
19137:Papuma
19122:Wamesa
19079:Dusner
19066:Biakic
19033:Patani
18979:Fiawat
18958:Matbat
18884:Tandia
18810:Amahai
18805:Haruku
18784:Tulehu
18749:Manipa
18714:Wemale
18704:Huaulu
18699:Nuaulu
18693:Kayeli
18578:Lisela
18529:Kowiai
18476:Telaʼa
18456:Serili
18451:Masela
18378:Dengka
18354:Makuva
18334:Romang
18311:Naueti
18306:Midiki
18301:Waimoa
18296:Kairui
18273:Galoli
18252:Bekais
18247:Mambai
18211:Helong
18178:Mariri
18168:Lorang
18066:Selaru
18058:Selaru
18044:Mingar
18014:Levuka
17978:Kedang
17942:Rongga
17937:Ngadha
17917:Paluʼe
17902:Rajong
17882:Komodo
17845:Wejewa
17835:Pondok
17650:Mamasa
17638:Toraja
17624:Pannei
17614:Bambam
17562:Mandar
17557:Mamuju
17513:Badaic
17356:Kamaru
17314:Sarudu
17304:Pamona
17259:Totoli
17254:Tomini
17239:Pendau
17194:Saluan
17073:Tolaki
17033:Bungku
16809:Sikule
16753:Moklen
16729:Rejang
16656:Temuan
16540:Duanoʼ
16515:Banjar
16510:Bamayo
16441:Ibanic
16419:Roglai
16324:Biatah
16266:Aoheng
16251:Modang
16191:Burusu
16114:Tutong
16099:Belait
16084:Saʼban
15991:Paluan
15986:Okolod
15981:Baukan
15932:Tatana
15853:Kuijau
15779:Molbog
15774:Bonggi
15769:Idaʼan
15605:Malang
15576:Barito
15551:Manide
15489:Tonsea
15456:Talaud
15441:Bantik
15368:Suwawa
15250:Agusan
15242:Manobo
15222:Iranun
15112:Kamayo
15079:Tausug
14963:Baybay
14759:Sambal
14729:Ambala
14650:Ibaloi
14627:Tuwali
14607:Isinai
14602:Ifugao
14597:Bontoc
14542:Itawis
14532:Ibanag
14456:Ivatan
14371:Paiwan
14366:Puyuma
14339:Siraya
14246:Babuza
14206:Seediq
14201:Atayal
14174:Saaroa
14156:Tsouic
14138:Rukaic
14029:Korean
13824:Moklen
13738:Mlabri
13728:Kintaq
13702:Kensiu
13595:Tai Lü
13462:Tutong
13437:Bisaya
13422:Belait
13310:Rodiya
13247:Others
13158:Scamto
13081:Hebrew
13076:Arabic
13055:Telugu
13019:German
12998:Phuthi
12916:Venda
12868:Xhosa
12860:Swazi
12665:Nepali
12660:Korean
12635:Arabic
12547:Sindhi
12515:Telugu
12497:Indian
12166:Korean
12114:Arabic
11999:Others
11983:Molbog
11973:Iranun
11920:Bawean
11910:Banjar
11858:Telugu
11829:Indian
11756:Fuzhou
11751:Fuqing
11643:Sungai
11588:Sa'ban
11558:Paluan
11553:Okolod
11493:Kuijau
11423:Ida'an
11398:Dumpas
11363:Bookan
11358:Bonggi
11348:Biatah
11338:Belait
11293:Temuan
11283:Temiar
11273:Semnam
11213:Mintil
11208:Minriq
11188:Kintaq
11183:Kensiu
11138:Duanoʼ
11027:Aslian
10878:Korean
10852:Others
10820:Arabic
10797:Telugu
10787:Sindhi
10749:Indian
10666:Haklau
10646:Fuqing
10445:Betawi
10360:Sumuri
10345:Momina
10330:Maklew
10293:Others
10251:Smerki
10213:Morori
10190:Semimi
10154:Senagi
10124:Taikat
10119:Elseng
10106:Border
10068:Yelmek
10063:Maklew
10040:Marind
10017:Kosare
9933:Murkim
9918:Kembra
9872:Nipsan
9814:Tangko
9804:Ngalum
9779:Faiwol
9718:Saweru
9690:Tefaro
9670:Demisa
9665:Burate
9617:Rasawa
9567:Eritai
9557:Doutai
9484:Mekwei
9474:Massep
9469:Mander
9464:Kwinsu
9449:Kwerba
9439:Keijar
9429:Kapori
9404:Dineor
9379:Bagusa
9356:Wambon
9346:Shiaxa
9316:Kombai
9301:Densar
9296:Bayono
9291:Awbono
9268:Wolani
9210:Silimo
9129:Mansim
9101:Puragi
9086:Kokoda
9071:Kaburi
9023:Moraid
9013:Kuwani
8990:Sempan
8980:Kamoro
8970:Mombum
8907:Sawila
8897:Oirata
8872:Kamang
8852:Blagar
8819:Waioli
8809:Tobelo
8804:Tidore
8794:Tabaru
8779:Modole
8774:Loloda
8759:Galela
8706:Tobati
8701:Tarpia
8686:Podena
8661:Bonggo
8633:Welaun
8598:Tela'a
8583:Serili
8578:Romang
8558:Masela
8523:Helong
8518:Galoli
8503:Dengka
8478:Bekais
8455:Wejewa
8430:Rongga
8415:Rajong
8410:Pondok
8405:Palu'e
8400:Ngadha
8370:Komodo
8297:Selaru
8289:Selaru
8191:Wamesa
8181:Tandia
8151:Patani
8146:Papuma
8116:Matbat
8101:Kurudu
8091:Iresim
8071:Dusner
8066:Busami
8036:Arguni
7965:Levuka
7926:Kedang
7898:Wemale
7888:Tulehu
7833:Nuaulu
7813:Manipa
7792:Lisela
7762:Kowiai
7757:Kayeli
7740:Hulung
7729:Huaulu
7703:Pelauw
7683:Haruku
7633:Amahai
7600:Mariri
7590:Lorang
7508:Talaud
7503:Sangir
7493:Bantik
7470:Tonsea
7437:Suwawa
7379:Tausug
7335:Burusu
7321:Sa'ban
7282:Okolod
7252:Kenyah
7167:Nyadu’
7142:Biatah
7109:Modang
7079:Aoheng
7026:Malang
7001:Bajaw
6983:Barito
6933:Pannei
6923:Mandar
6918:Mamuju
6913:Mamasa
6833:Bambam
6810:Sikule
6652:Totoli
6647:Tomini
6632:Tolaki
6612:Pamona
6602:Sarudu
6597:Saluan
6582:Pendau
6497:Kamaru
6457:Bungku
6369:Serang
6334:Arekan
6297:Brebes
6089:Kampar
6082:Jamee
6068:Sapudi
6061:Bawean
5913:Duano'
5858:Bamayo
5621:
5615:607205
5613:
5582:
5565:607921
5563:
5542:
5391:
5383:
5342:
5332:
5296:
5231:
5173:
5105:
5009:
4979:
4889:
4853:
4783:
4404:
4209:Malay
4165:/kitɛ/
4161:/kito/
4157:/kita/
4153:/kitɔ/
4149:/kitə/
4118:namaku
4098:katong
4094:torang
4081:, and
4030:Betawi
3994:Borneo
3735:Usages
3704:, and
3658:Betawi
3641:, and
3592:Temuan
3590:, and
3576:Malaya
3561:Duano’
3494:Brunei
3490:Malays
3478:Creole
3426:Arabic
3305:object
3201:Sambas
3100:Brunei
3076:Types
2945:hedung
2941:hidung
2891:pirang
2887:perang
2875:perang
2728:Vowels
2687:Selasa
2477:is 'k'
2467:is 'y'
2437:is 'j'
2427:is 'c'
2415:rakyat
2191:voiced
2097:voiced
1971:Dental
1966:Labial
1845:Brunei
1739:Brunei
1721:Penang
1495:, and
1489:Arabic
1365:Brunei
1291:Taiwan
1267:Borneo
1261:Origin
1245:(e.g.
1133:and a
1106:, and
1096:Brunei
1025:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
762:Betawi
742:Bangka
570:MABBIM
527:, and
452:UNESCO
449:
436:
423:
405:
395:Brunei
392:
317:) (In
304:Arabic
124:Malays
83:Brunei
22354:Anuta
22295:Māori
22225:Takuu
22157:Lauan
21994:Mapia
21854:Paicî
21839:Kumak
21819:Haeke
21762:Orowe
21757:Numèè
21699:Drehu
21630:Tanna
21570:Najit
21560:Rutan
21555:Vivti
21535:Tirax
21520:Rerep
21500:Ninde
21405:Axamb
21395:Avava
21390:Aulua
21362:Lamen
21204:Sakao
21199:Mores
21167:Araki
21063:Vurës
21057:Volow
21047:Olrat
21017:Löyöp
20997:Lakon
20982:Dorig
20963:North
20929:Nimoa
20913:Muyuw
20877:Anuki
20842:Gweda
20742:Iduna
20648:Mbula
20643:Maleu
20638:Amara
20633:Ronji
20522:Aigon
20502:Takia
20487:Marik
20447:Gitua
20419:Yamap
20414:Vehes
20384:Kapin
20349:Musom
20329:Duwet
20303:Yabem
20275:Wogeo
20260:Manam
20235:Kaiep
20187:Yamna
20182:Wakde
20167:Sobei
20105:North
20074:Zazao
20038:Torau
20023:Solos
20018:Simbo
20003:Ririo
19983:Nehan
19978:Nduke
19957:Laghu
19936:Hoava
19931:Halia
19921:Hahon
19871:Tolai
19831:Label
19805:Bilur
19789:Madak
19779:Barok
19772:Madak
19763:Notsi
19753:Lihir
19746:Tabar
19732:Tigak
19727:Tiang
19722:Nalik
19632:Meso–
19607:Oroha
19592:Kwaio
19536:Kahua
19531:Bauro
19521:Arosi
19483:Ghari
19478:Birao
19473:Lengo
19431:Noipx
19414:Äiwoo
19386:Teanu
19335:Tenis
19265:Nauna
19239:Manus
19117:Marau
19112:Ansus
19107:Ambai
19099:Yapen
19038:Sawai
18974:Maden
18967:Maden
18953:Maʼya
18932:Ambel
18872:SHWNG
18759:Boano
18671:Liana
18666:Salas
18645:Bobot
18635:Geser
18625:Banda
18508:Serua
18423:Babar
18373:Bilba
18349:Luang
18339:Kisar
18317:Habun
18268:Wetar
18237:Kemak
18216:Tetum
18148:Karey
18143:Dobel
18110:Sekar
17907:Kepoʼ
17892:Riung
17860:Gaura
17807:Sumba
17619:Dakka
17588:Maiwa
17526:Behoa
17425:Taman
17403:Bugis
17372:Wolio
17351:Kalao
17319:Sedoa
17309:Rampi
17289:Kaili
17249:Tajio
17234:Lauje
17229:Dondo
17218:Boano
17184:Batui
17169:Andio
17111:Busoa
17063:Padoe
16996:Sasak
16943:Osing
16879:Nasal
16842:Dairi
16824:Batak
16748:Moken
16701:Baduy
16631:Pekal
16555:Jakun
16483:Malay
16465:Remun
16409:Jarai
16404:Haroi
16354:Ribun
16334:Jagoi
16314:Laraʼ
16286:Murik
16276:Punan
16256:Segai
16246:Bahau
16241:Kayan
16222:Lelak
16211:Bukat
16201:Sajau
16109:Narom
16104:Kiput
16089:Tring
16063:Penan
16048:Tutoh
16043:Sebob
15996:Ganaʼ
15956:Tagol
15938:Papar
15820:Lotud
15728:Basap
15713:Yakan
15693:Mapun
15688:Bajaw
15655:Ngaju
15645:Siang
15640:Dohoi
15635:Kohin
15600:Deyah
15593:Bushi
15519:Klata
15418:Tboli
15413:Blaan
15405:Bilic
15353:Lolak
15214:Danao
15171:Batak
15084:Waray
15069:Sulod
15044:Onhan
14892:Bikol
14820:Buhid
14786:Iraya
14665:Karao
14655:Iwaak
14612:Itneg
14547:Yogad
14537:Isnag
14376:Bunun
14288:Basay
14235:Kulon
14229:Pazeh
14146:Rukai
13986:Hindi
13952:Ugong
13922:Nuosu
13900:Hakka
13847:Hmong
13819:Moken
13791:Malay
13707:Khmer
13697:Jahai
13692:Chung
13687:Chong
13600:Phuan
13467:Tamil
13432:Dusun
13383:Malay
13279:Vedda
13238:Tamil
13173:Kaaps
13131:Other
13115:Gayle
13099:Other
13050:Tamil
13044:Malay
13034:Hindi
13024:Greek
12958:Bhaca
12909:Venda
12876:Zulu
12844:Nguni
12628:Other
12582:Batak
12537:Hindi
12465:Hakka
12361:Tamil
12351:Malay
12330:Malay
12206:Signs
12129:Khmer
12081:Rojak
11988:Suluk
11875:Hindi
11846:Tamil
11736:Hakka
11673:Tutoh
11663:Tring
11648:Tagol
11608:Sebop
11583:Remun
11578:Penan
11563:Papar
11543:Narom
11513:Lotud
11503:Lelak
11478:Kiput
11453:Kayan
11428:Jagoi
11413:Ganaʼ
11403:Dusun
11333:Bajau
11328:Bahau
11303:Wila'
11288:Temoq
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5559:(1).
5540:JSTOR
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5369:(2).
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4831:(PDF)
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5103:ISBN
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4887:ISBN
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