Malays (ethnic group)

4652: 1997: 5217: 1294: 1015: 6992: 1433: 7363: 6746: 6281: 635: 3352:, animals and people. The classical Malay folklore is composed of traditional songs and music, heroic poems, animal fables, ghost stories, past events, fairy tales, symbolic lore, myths and bardic tales. Each of the stories possessed its own energy in terms of character, spirit, backdrop and storytelling and was largely crafted with the intend of happiness, guidance, educating, reminiscing, explaining, among few. The folklore were memorised and passed from one generation of storytellers to the next. Many of these tales were also written down by 3620: 2665: 2482: 7638: 3883: 3783: 5118: 6944: 6461: 7779: 5544: 3499: 3098:, which the oldest form dating back to 1303 CE. Malay evolved into Classical Malay through the gradual influx of numerous Arabic and Persian vocabulary when Islam made its way to the region, changing significantly in the process. Initially, Classical Malay was a diverse group of dialects, reflecting the varied origins of the Malay kingdoms of Southeast Asia. One of these dialects, that was developed in the literary tradition of the Malacca Sultanate in the 15th century, eventually became predominant. 1030: 6044: 1881:. By the middle of the 15th century, Brunei entered into a close relationship with the Malacca Sultanate. The sultan married a Malaccan princess, adopted Islam as the court religion, and introduced an efficient administration modelled on Malacca. Brunei profited from trade with Malacca but gained even greater prosperity after the great Malay port was conquered by the Portuguese in 1511. It reached its golden age in the mid-16th century when it controlled land as far south as present day 7874: 6347: 7169: 7626: 4208: 5436: 3011: 7271: 6759: 7613: 7156: 6601: 4002: 1858: 654: 7060: 7818: 3281: 14316: 14292: 7747: 7219: 6809: 6651: 1750: 14304: 14328: 6424: 7713: 7503: 7181: 7034: 6772: 6614: 14340: 7681: 7091: 6525: 6386: 4938: 305: 6500: 7323: 7206: 6932: 6784: 6638: 6513: 5783: 6706: 7555: 7515: 7491: 7193: 6956: 6920: 6847: 6796: 6626: 6537: 7456: 7601: 7143: 6588: 6401: 1046: 1632: 7467: 7434: 6371: 57: 5705: 1133: 7479: 6980: 6969: 7445: 2782: 2313: 1346:) instead developed locally from the first human settlers and expanded to the mainland. Proponents of this theory hold that this expansion gives a far more parsimonious explanation of the linguistic, archaeological, and anthropological evidence than earlier models, particularly the Taiwan model. This theory also draws support from recent genetic evidence by 4959:

merchants from east and west to the harbours of Malay Archipelago, together they bought new luxurious items, including fine cotton and silks. The garments subsequently become a source of high Malay fashion and acquired a cultural role as the binding identity in the archipelago, especially in the peninsula, Sumatra and the coastal areas of Borneo.

6226:, where 'Dato' Seri' is a Malay title of honour, 'Mohd Najib' is his personal name, 'bin' is derived from an Arabic word Ibnu meaning "son of" if in case of daughter it is replaced with binti, an Arabic word "bintun" meaning "daughter of", introduces his father's titles and names, 'Tun' is a higher honour, 'Haji' denotes his father's 5759:(the Struggle Keris, literally defined as his personal Keris). There are many strict rules, regulations and taboos to be adhered to in owning a Keris. The blade of a Kris is usually coated with poisonous arsenic, thus crafting an excruciatingly lethal blade for its prey. Traditionally, each Keris is also regarded as possessing a 4024:. The Malays had traditionally adorned their monuments, boats, weapons, tombs, musical instrument, and utensils by motives of flora, calligraphy, geometry and cosmic features. The art is done by partially removing the wood using sharp tools and following specific patterns, composition and orders. The art form, known as 1069:, to allude to a clearly different ethnological cluster, is assumed to have been made fashionable throughout the integration of the Malacca Sultanate as a regional power in the 15th century. It was applied to report the social partialities of the Malaccans as opposed to foreigners as of the similar area, especially the 8255: 2724:" united people from the various parts of the Dutch colony in the development of a national consciousness as "Indonesians". In Brunei, despite some attempt made to arouse Malay political consciousness between 1942 and 1945, there was no significant history of ethnic-based nationalism. In Thailand however, 1807:

in the east. As a Malaccan state religion, Islam brought many great transformation into the Malaccan society and culture, and It became the primary instrument in the evolution of a common Malay identity. The Malaccan era witnessed the close association of Islam with Malay society and how it developed

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The traditional Malay apparel and textile has been continuously morphed since the time of antiquity. Historically, the ancient Malays were chronicled to incorporate various natural materials as a vital source for fabrics, clothing and attire. The common era however, witnessing the early arrivals the

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was ill and unable to attend the meeting. By November 1899, the "Deutsche Uebersee-Gesellschaft" (German Overseas Association) was formed by the German trading and shipping company in order to provide loan amounting to 1,000,000 marks to the sultanate. Nonetheless, the plan has come to a major halt,

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pertaining to Keris-wearing. Traditionally, a Malay would embedded his Keris from the front, an honour that the weapon is more paramount compared to the wearer and a constant reminder that one is always equipped to combat the nemesis. The Javanese however, adhered to the principle that he should be

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The usage of brassware transcends a plethora of classical Malay social classes, being used by the members of nobility and commoners alike. The popularity of brassware is heavily contributed due to its durability, quality and affordability to all. The brassware can be narrowed into two distinctions,

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was used replacing the Kawi script, Islamic religious and cultural terminologies were abundantly assimilated, discarding many Hindu-Buddhist words, and Malay became the language of Islamic medium of instruction and dissemination throughout Southeast Asian region. At the height of Malacca's power in

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The cultivation of Malay polity system also diffused beyond the proper Sumatran-Peninsular border during this era. The age avowed by exploration and migration of the Malays to establish kingdoms beyond the traditional Srivijayan realm. Several exemplification are the enthronement of a Tambralingan

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was outgoing from the Philippines rather than Taiwan, and that modern Austronesian-speaking peoples, such as the Malays, have largely ancestry from the earliest Basal-East Asians, Austroasiatic migrants from Mainland Southeast Asia, and Austronesian-speaking seafarers from the Philippines, without

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has further theorised that the expansion of peoples occurred in three rapid surges due to rising sea levels at the end of the Ice Age, and that this diaspora spread the peoples and their associated cultures, myths, and technologies not just to mainland Southeast Asia, but as far as India, the Near

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in the 15th century, the sultan prohibited his female Muslim subjects in the public from wearing only a sarong from the bust downwards. Throughout the ages, The Malay Baju Kurung went into several reincarnation before assuming its current form. Due to the vastness of various Malay kingdoms in the

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A typical Malay traditional houses or mosque would have been adorned with more than 20 carved components. The carving on the walls and the panels allow the air breeze to circulate effectively in and out of the building and can let the sunlight illuminate the interior of the structure. At the same

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on the other. The island is also desired as it can act as a point of assembly and restocking for its warship during the times of war. A foothold in Langkawi would also guaranteed a further commercial interest to German private investors to cater the needs of port, a coaling station and the future

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was mentioned often in Chinese historical texts — with changes in spelling due to the time span between the dynasties — to refer to a nation near the southern sea. Among the terms used was "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — traced from the written source of monk

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Malay personal names are complex, reflecting the hierarchical nature of the society, and titles are considered important. Naming has undergone tremendous change, evolving with the times to reflect the different influences that the Malays been subjected to over the ages. Although some Malay names

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and other repertoire of dance-play. However, both of the practice is gradually extinct owing from various social and economic revolution engineered in the Malay community in the 20th century. Additionally, many Malays are also known to participate in the imperial celebrations to honour the royal

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in many other East Asian cultures. Although there are various type of dishes in a Malay meal, all are served at once, not in courses. Food is eaten delicately with the fingers of right hand, never with the left which is used for personal ablutions, and Malays rarely use utensils. Because most of

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suggesting that the primary peopling of Asia occurred in a single migration through Southeast Asia; this route is held to be the modern Malay area and that the diversity in the area developed mainly in-place without requiring major migrations from the mainland. The expansion itself may have been

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and also by the skillfulness of the woodcarvers that have allowed the Malays to practice woodcarving as a craft. The natural tropical settings where flora and fauna are abundant has inspired the motives to be depicted in abstract or stylised form into the timber board. With the coming of Islam,

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theory (published in 1889) – The theory of Proto-Malays originating from Yunnan approximately 4,000 to 6,000 years ago. The theory is supported by R.H Geldern and his team who theorized that their migration occurred from the Mekong River to the Malay Peninsula. Other evidence that supports this

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The corresponding mode of Baju Kurung for men is known as "Baju Melayu". The upper part of the garment was made with the geometrical design almost similar with Baju Kurung and commonly paired with woven cloth known as the sarong. The pattern of the sarong may possessed a symbol of the person's

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and can consiste of up to four parts; a title, a given name, the family name, and a description of the individual's male parentage. Some given names and father's names can be composed of double names and even triple names, thereby generating a longer name. For example, one Malaysian national

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Classical Malay dress varies between different regions, but the most profound traditional dress in modern-day are Baju Kurung (for women) and Baju Melayu (for men), which both recognised as the national dress for Malaysia and Brunei, and also worn by Malay communities in Indonesia, Singapore,

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which serve as the main units in society. These kampungs were normally situated on the riverbanks or coastal areas and generally self-sufficient in food and other necessities. By the end of the 1st century BCE, these kampungs were beginning to engage in some trade with the outside world. The

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According to several studies, the native Malay pottery industry has developed indigenously from the period of great antiquity and has since encapsulates a high-level of culture sophistication. It also has been noted that the design features of the Malay pottery suggested the absence of the

1276:, all of which now speak languages that belong to the Austronesian Language family. The final migration was to the Malay Peninsula roughly 3,000 years ago. A sub-group from Borneo moved to Champa in modern-day Central and South Vietnam roughly 4,500 years ago. There are also traces of the 5496:

has contributed to the spread of this martial art in the Malay Archipelago. Through a complex maze of sea channels and river capillaries that facilitated exchange and trade throughout the region, Silat wound its way into the dense rainforest and up into the mountains. The legendary

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In contrast to Baju Melayu which continued to be worn as ceremonial dress only, Baju Kurung is worn daily throughout the year by a majority of Malay women. Sighting of female civil servants, professional workers and students wearing Baju Kurung is common in Malaysia and Brunei.

3806:, Indian and Europeans, played a major role in forming Malay architecture. Until recent time, wood was the principal material used for all Malay traditional buildings. However, numerous stone structures were also discovered particularly the religious complexes from the time of 3324:

Considering the softness and mellifluence of the Malay language, which lends itself easily to the requirements of rhyme and rhythm, the originality and beauty in Malay literature can be assessed in its poetical elements. Among the forms of poetry in Malay literature are — the

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as the application was dismissed by the Kingdom of Siam. The dismissal was largely derived from the Secret Siamese Treaty of 1897, that has required the consent of the British in order for Siam to lease its territory. The crown prince of Kedah was later summoned to Bangkok by

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sect flourished in the Malay world under the Malacca Sultanate. In contrast with Hinduism, which superficially transformed early Malay society, Islam can be said to have been fully integrated into the daily life of the population. Since this era, the Malays are considered as

1495:. Throughout this area a most profound in influence has been exerted by India which seems to have introduced into it architecture, sculpture, writing, monarchy, religion, iron, cotton and a host of elements of higher culture. Indian religions, cultural traditions and 2960:

plan. By July, UMNO succeeded in obtaining an agreement with the British to begin negotiations for a new constitution. Negotiations continued from August to November, between British officials on the one hand, and the Sultans' representatives and UMNO and the other.

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During the classical era, a Malay man was not seen without a Keris outside of his house. The absence of a Keris on a man was frowned upon, perceived as if he were parading naked to the public. Traditionally, a man of Malay extraction would own three types of Keris:

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have all been perfectly molded to become part and parcel to the Malay society. The era witnessed the works of metal received a critical royal patronage. A multitude of Malay metalworks manifested as evidence of this era, raging from a peculiar Malay dagger known as

5477:. Archaeological evidence reveals that, by the 6th century, formalised combat arts were being practised in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. The earliest forms of Silat are believed to have been developed and used in the armed forces of the ancient Malay kingdoms of 8251: 2478:, posed a serious threat to the British economic interest and political dominance in the region. Severely alarmed, the British and the Siamese entered the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, partitioning the peninsula between the British and the Siamese jurisdiction. 1236:

The New Guinea/Seafarers theory (published in 1965) – The migration of seafarers with strong oceanographic skills who travelled from island to island between New Zealand and Madagascar. The theory claims the Malay's morphology at the time were similar to that of

2956:. The new movement forged a close political link between rulers and subjects never before achieved. It generated an excited Malay public opinion which, together with the surprising political apathy of the non-Malays, led to Britain's abandonment of the radical 5173:

are hailed as the grand celebrations universally across the Malay community. The two holidays are instrumental to commentate two major events and philosophy in the Islamic teaching and beliefs. The former signifies the triumph as a Muslim after a month of

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in the 11th century. After the fall of Srivijaya in 1025 CE, the Malayu kingdom of Jambi, Sumatra, became the most dominant Malay state of the region. By the end of the 13th century, the remnants of the Malay empire in Sumatra was finally destroyed by the

1558:. Early during this period, the earliest known mention of the word "Malayu" was used in Chinese sources in 644 CE. Later in the mid-14th century, the word Malay was already recognized as a collective people sharing similar heritage, customs and language. 2407:. Though some of Malay sultans maintain their power under Dutch control, some were abolished by the Dutch government under the accusation of retaliation against the colonial rule, like the case of Palembang Sultanate in 1823, Jambi Sultanate in 1906 and 5742:

in the 15th century, the evolution of the Malay Keris was perfected and possession of a Keris came to be regarded as in integral part of Malay culture, becoming a philosophical symbol, juxtapositioned in prestige, craftsmanship, masculinity and honour.

2644:, the Japanese maintained a favourable relationship with the Sultans and other Malay leaders, this is partially composed to foster the trust of the Malay public that was generally loyal towards the sultan. Nonetheless, in a series of massacres known as 13153:

Oppenheimer, Stephen (2006). "The 'Austronesian' Story and Farming-language Dispersals: Caveats on the Timing and Independence in Proxy Lines of Evidence from the Indo-European Model". In Bacas, Elizabeth A.; Glover, Ian C.; Pigott, Vincent C. (eds.).

5415:. During this ceremony, the whole family would be assisted by their neighbours and relatives, delegating various tasks raging from food preparations, venue management, logistic assembly and other technical control. Nevertheless, following the rise of 6081:

is one of the most popular Malay games and has been played for centuries. Traditionally, Sepak raga was played in circle by kicking and keeps aloft the rattan ball using any part of the body except the arms and hands. It is now recognised as

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which politicised the position of the Malays in the face of colonialism and alien immigration of non-Malays. In spite of repressions imposed by the British colonial government, there were no less than 147 journals and newspapers published in

4089:, a paradigm of talent, embroidered with aesthetic, legacy, perseverance and religious devotion. The Malay earthen is usually unglazed, with the ornamental designs were carved when the pottery is semi-dried during its construction process. 5838:

There are also a plethora of other forms of weaponry in the Malay arsenal, all were nevertheless equally revered in a correlating manner as the Keris. The Malays would classified the traditional weapons under 7 different structures:

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dietary law rigorously. Protein intake are mostly taken from beef, water buffalo, goat, and lamb meat, and also includes poultry and fishes. Pork and any non-halal meats, also alcohol is prohibited and absent from Malay daily diet.

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when Indian cultures and religions began penetrating the region. Old Malay contained some terms last until today, but remained unintelligible to modern speakers, while the modern language is already largely recognisable in written

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was born. The new constitutional arrangement largely reverted to the basic pattern of pre-war colonial rule and built on the supremacy of the individual Malay states. Malay rights and privileges were safeguarded. The traditional

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and the northern Philippines between 10,000 to 7,000 BCE from coastal southern China, and spread from there throughout Insular Southeast Asia. The authors concluded that the Austronesian expansion into Insular Southeast Asia and

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There is considerable linguistic, cultural, artistic and social diversity among the many Malay subgroups, mainly due to hundreds of years of immigration and assimilation of various regional ethnicity and tribes within

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more cautious and the Keris may solely be exercised during the time of need, thus cladding their Keris from behind. The Javanese also believed that by carrying their weapon that position, it would confuse the enemy.

7983:) according to the Indonesian government version, namely Melayu Asahan, Melayu Deli, Melayu Riau, Langkat/ Melayu Langkat, Melayu Banyu Asin, Asahan, Melayu, Melayu Lahat, and Melayu Semendo in some part of Sumatra 6144:. The game is played by moving stones, marbles, beads or shells around a wooden board consisting of twelve or more holes. Mancala is acknowledged as the oldest game in the world and can be traced its origin since 2430:

who envisioned Langkawi as a vital-base for Berlin's worldwide submarine cable network. Langkawi was perceived to be ideal, due to its deep natural harbour and a suitable geographical location, between the German

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techniques, in which the traditional methods can still be witnessed today. In the contemporary era, Malay gold jewels are mainly found in the form of anklets, bracelets, rings, necklaces, pendants and earrings.

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but conservative estimates place the earliest arrivals on Malay shores at least 2,000 years ago. The discovery of jetty remains, iron smelting sites, and a clay brick monument dating back to 110 CE in the

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Larena, Maximilian; Sanchez-Quinto, Federico; Sjödin, Per; McKenna, James; Ebeo, Carlo; Reyes, Rebecca; Casel, Ophelia; Huang, Jin-Yuan; Hagada, Kim Pullupul; Guilay, Dennis; Reyes, Jennelyn (30 March 2021).

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migration from Vietnam and Cambodia. All these groups share DNA and linguistic origins traceable to the island that is today Taiwan, and the ancestors of these ancient people are traceable to southern China.

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form were introduced in the wood carving. The woods used are typically from tropical hardwood species which is known to be durable and can resist the attacks of fungi, power-boots beetles and termites.

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were introduced by South Asian traders to the Malay Archipelago, where they flourished until the 13th century, just before the arrival of Islam brought by Arab, South Asian and Chinese Muslim traders.

4627:, a hybrid of Malay and Peranakan Chinese cuisine is also a popular dish. Malay cuisine also adopted and received visible influence from some of their closest neighbours' cuisine traditions, such as 3548:. These works are indeed important as it serve as references to the Malay knowledge and technology during the classical era. Other 19th century Malay texts were written in Sumatra, these include the 5831:

of the Keris. If the hilt faced up front, it serves as a testament that the man is prepared for a fight. Nevertheless, if the hilt is turned behind, it is an oath that the person is embracing for a

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for Malays to convert out of Islam in Malaysia and Brunei. However, there are a number of ethnic Malays living outside of these countries have also embraced other religions legally under the law.

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time, the shadow cast by the panels would also create a shadow based on the motives adding the beauty on the floor. Thus, the carved components perform both functional and aesthetic purposes.

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in Jawi script. At its height, the Malacca Sultanate was not only the center of Islamisation, but also the center of Malay cultural expressions including literature. During this era, notable

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thus retained their prerogatives, while their English-educated descendants came to occupy positions of authority at the centre, which was being progressively decolonised. In August 1957, the

3575:. Abdullah is regarded as the most cultured Malay who ever wrote, one of the greatest innovators in Malay letters and the father of modern Malay literature. His most important works are the 3383:

When Indian influences made their way to the Malay Archipelago around 2000 years ago, Malay literature began incorporating Indian elements. Literature of this time is mostly translations of

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The Malaccan era was marked with the transformation of the Malay language into an Islamic language, in similar fashion to Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Swahili. An adapted Arabic script called

5640:(hairpins) were staged to become among the most sought item of fashion. The era also hosted a number of other prominent items in the Malay regalia cast in gold, including ceremonial box, 14230: 5664:

techniques. The common traditional Malay items usually made of silver include pillow ends, belt buckles, matt corners, stoppers for water vessels, Keris sheaths and tobacco boxes. The

2851:('Malay Associations') in various parts of the country with the primary goals of advancing and protecting the interests of Malays. In March 1946, 41 of these Malay associations formed 11503: 3902:

and mentioned the city as being surrounded by a wall on which towers had been built and was approached through double gates. Another 7th-century account of a special Chinese envoy to

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Despite the widespread distribution of the Malay population throughout the Malay Archipelago, modern Malay nationalism was only significantly mobilised in the early twentieth century

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Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Musta'in Billah

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of Malay courts since the arrival of Islam in the 12th century and only performed in important court ceremonies. Its orchestra includes the sacred and highly revered instruments of

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orchestra. Additionally, other prominent traditional Malay items made from metal includes flower vases, perfume sprinkles, serving trays, cooking pots, kettle and incense burners.

1620:. His dynasty ruled the island kingdom until the end of the 14th century, when the Malay polity once again faced the wrath of Javanese invaders. In 1400, his great-great-grandson, 3906:

in the Malay Peninsula, recorded that the capital city had three gates more than a hundred paces apart, which were decorated with paintings of Buddhist themes and female spirits.

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There are also a plethora of domestic regional cultural festivals and social events within different the Malay spheres. The coastal areas were historically known to observed the

5213:, holding a grand feast and visiting friends, relatives and neighbours. A visit to the grave of the departed loved ones is also essential, as a sign of respect, love and honour. 933:". In response to the Sukhothai's action, a Chinese envoy went to the Ram Khamhaeng's court in 1295 bearing an imperial decree: "Keep your promise and do no evil to Ma-li-yu-er". 509:

in the 15th century triggered a major revolution in Malay history, the significance of which lies in its far-reaching political and cultural legacy. Common definitive markers of

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is considered as forbidden in Islam. The interpretation was then absorbed to the Malay way of dressing and cultural perspective, this can be strongly witnessed upon the rule of

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was largely mobilised by three nationalist factions — the radicals distinguishable into the Malay left and the Islamic group which were both opposed to the conservative elites.

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sought to gain independence under the name of Republic of Riau. Nevertheless, what follows is specific to the peninsula Malay nationalism that resulted in the formation of the

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The definition of the Malay ethnicity can be different in every country, especially between those of Malaysia and Singapore, which are nearly the same, and that of Indonesia.

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acting on behalf of the German colonial government approached the Rajah Muda (Crown Prince) of Kedah to lease the island for 50 years with the sum of 60,000 dollars, as the

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and traditionally had a close identification with Islam and they have not changed their religion since. This identity is so strong that it is said to become Muslim was to

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in 1839. In 1902, the Siamese stripped the political powers of all the 7 kingdoms of Patani following a planned revolt for independence against the central government. The

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stressed the special place occupied by textiles. The Malay handloom industry can be traced its origin since the 13th century when the eastern trade route flourished under

3923:, the building had a raised seven bay structures on wooden pillars with a seven tiered roof in cooper shingles and decorated with gilded spires and Chinese glass mirrors. 3605:

1854). His work was an inspiration to future generations of writers and marks an early stage in the transition from classical Malay literature to modern Malay literature.

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Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien

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Early reference on Malay architecture in the Malay Peninsula can be found in several Chinese records. A 7th-century Chinese account tells of Buddhist pilgrims calling at

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Although only constituting 3.4% of the total population, ethnic Malays are one of the most widely distributed ethnicities in Indonesia. As shown on the map, outside the

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The Malays have diverse kinds of music and dance which are fusions of different cultural influences. Typical genres range from traditional Malay folk dances dramas like

2090:. The Malacca Sultanate Itself fought two wars with the Siamese while the northern Malay states came intermittently under Siamese dominance for centuries. In 1771, the 5038:, local and distinct forms of the Baju Kurung design patterns can also be witnessed in the region, including Bengkulu, Kedah, Jambi, Johor-Riau, Pahang and Palembang. 2463:

A further bid by German was allegedly occurred in 1900, when Germany was purported to have approached the Sultan of Trang & Palien on the possibility of acquiring

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East, and the Mediterranean. Reviewers have found his proposals for the original settlement and dispersal worthy of further study, but have been sceptical of his more

5407:(prayers for a deceased person), among few. The event is usually organised by the family and was traditionally aided by the community in a social gathering known as 6125:(a unique kind of kite from the east coast of the Malay Peninsula) or kite flying. Wau-flying competitions take place with judges awarding points for craftsmanship ( 3152: 2565:

were all being divorced into the Siamese hands, a similar fate was also followed in northeastern coast of Kelantan that was demanded to renounced their right on the

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in the 12th century. Between the 13th to early 14th century, the kingdom succeeded to incorporate most of the Malay Peninsula under its mandala. The campaign led by

13853: 5021:, literary defined as "encase the body" of the wearer is tailored based on the Islamic principles of modesty, decency and humility. The practice is parallel to the 2656:

against the Japanese. It was believed that West Kalimantan took two generations to recover from the near-total collapse of the Malay ruling class in the territory.

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and the rise of the great port-city of Malacca on the southwestern coast of the Malay Peninsula — two major developments that altered the course of Malay history.

12166: 533:, traditional dress, performing arts, martial arts and royal court traditions, Malacca set a standard that later Malay sultanates emulated. The golden age of the 13230: 13058: 3710:

were abandoned by the Malays in Malaysia, whereas in among Malays in Indonesia, these traditions are not considered as superstitious and containing elements of

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or Sulalatus Salatin. It was called "the most famous, distinctive and best of all Malay literary works" by one of the most prominent scholars in Malay studies,

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The Malaysian census data does not distinguish non-Malay Indonesian ethnic groups (such as the Javanese) as separate ethnicities but include them among the "

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tried to resist Brunei's and Islam's spread into the Philippines. Brunei's fairly loose river based governmental presence in Borneo projected the process of

1628:. The new kingdom succeeded Srivijaya and inherited much of the royal and cultural traditions, including a large part of the territories of its predecessor. 11866: 11399:. The Sixth International Symposium on Malay/Indonesian Linguistics, 3 – 5 August 2002, Nirwana Resort Hotel, Bintan Island, Riau, Indonesia. Archived from 3540:(Book of Traditional Weaponry) that provides valuable details of traditional Malay ammunition and weaponry. The era also witnessed the wider usage of Malay 14734: 14544: 4651: 11289: 8761: 2008:

descent. The sultanate would be abolished almost half a century later in 1911 by the Dutch powers, following its strong independence movement against the

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are among the examples that associated with the architectural elements of Srivijaya Empire. However, Srivijayan architecture was mostly represented at

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into a definitive marker of Malay identity. Over time, this common Malay cultural idiom came to characterise much of the Malay Archipelago through the

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as constituting the key pillars of Malayness, but within a secular state that restricted the political role of Islam. The leftists concurred with the

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consisted of the westernised elites who were bureaucrats and members of royal families that shared a common English education mostly at the exclusive

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The extent of the Malaccan Sultanate in the 15th century, the legacy of the Malaccan court can be strongly witnessed in the construction of the Malay

14372: 4623:, a type of curry dish with variations of spices mixtures that clearly display Indian influence already adopted by Malay people since ancient times. 1108:(ca. 1700, manuscript ca. 1849) only identifies the Malay people as the subject of Malacca Sultanate; Brunei, at that time, is not considered Malay. 13680: 8167: 4143:. It is held that the structure of the earthen would aid the heat to be evenly distributed, correlating to its round base. A smaller version of the 2866:

has been the fundamental basis for Malay ideology and Malay nationalism in Malaysia. All three Malay nationalist factions believed in the idea of a

17030: 15337: 15317: 14785: 5351:, a religious ceremonial banquet to celebrate or to seek blessing for an event. There are several philosophical variations of kenduri, raging from 3836:) in the Malay Peninsula, which was an important centre during the Srivijaya period. The type of structure consists of a cell-chamber to house the 12092: 1395:

at ~50,000 BCE, and expanded through multiple migration waves southwards and northwards respectively. Basal-East Asian ancestry, as well as later

15332: 14092: 5734:

down south, the spread of the kris to other nations such as Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines, was credited to the growing influence of the

3946:. The beauty and quality of Malay wood carvings were meant to serve as visual indicators of the social rank and status of the owners themselves. 878: 1834:. However, Malacca remained an institutional prototype: a paradigm of statecraft and a point of cultural reference for successor states such as 15187: 14595: 6059:

Traditional Malay games usually require craft skills and manual dexterity and can be traced their origins since the days of Malacca Sultanate.

3272:

which eventually became the official modern script for Malay language in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia, and co-official script in Brunei.

2414:

In the late 19th century, Germany was aiming to gain a foothold in the Malay Peninsula. They have made a repeated request to Siam on acquiring

1550:. Between the 7th and 13th centuries, many of these small, often prosperous peninsula and Sumatran maritime trading states, became part of the 3694:

have become intertwined among the Malays, with the spirits of the earlier animistic world and some elements of Hinduism. Following the 1970s,

15197: 14585: 8089: 6234:, and 'Abdul Razak' is his father's personal name. The more extremely complex Malay names however, belong to the Malay royalty. The reigning 5767:. Special rituals were to be conducted to nurture, preserve and guard the "soul" of the weapon. The spiritual approach is usually held every 11487: 11084: 10490: 8702: 4592:, rice broiled with ghee and spices is hailed as a ceremonial dish for special occasions, especially during the traditional Malay weddings. 577:"; this usage is nowadays largely confined to Malaysia and Singapore, where descendants of immigrants from these ethnic group are termed as 15942: 11394: 9937: 2633: 1229:

theory includes stone tools found in the Malay Archipelago being analogous to Central Asian tools, which shows the similarity of Malay and

5656:

For the Malay silverware, the works of silver are fairly known for its sophisticated and fine designs. It is usually crafted by repousse,

2609:, the sole Malay kingdom remained under Siamese territory in 1916. The treaty nonetheless, manage to seal the fate of the Malay states of 1988:(1771–1950), Mempawah Sultanate (1740–1950) and Matan Sultanate (1590–1948), Sanggau Sultanate, Sintang Sultanate, and Sekadau Sultanate. 10698: 8794: 7992:

The Singaporean census data does not distinguish non-Malay Indonesian ethnic groups as separate ethnicities but include them among the "

2870:('Malay Nation') and the position of Malay language, but disagreed over the role of Islam and Malay rulers. The conservatives supported 1293: 14508: 12631: 5343:

The Islamic features also strongly embroidered the Malay celebrations in the individual level, a juxtaposition bonded to the spiritual

1082: 12202: 10672: 3436:, which is dated to 1303, is the earliest known narrative Malay writing. The stone is inscribed with an account of history, law, and 3128:

was a pidgin and the most important development, however, has been that pidgin creolised, creating several new languages such as the

1551: 13740: 10304: 10209: 8587: 17364: 14537: 3687:

Nevertheless, the earlier beliefs having deeper roots, they have maintained themselves against the anathemas of Islam — and indeed

2652:

Malay sultans, including a large numbers of Malay intelligentsias after they have been falsely accused of planning an uprising and

2356:

conquistadors who arrived in the Philippines from Mexico. The war resulted in the end of the empire's dominance in the present-day

12412: 1487:

The growth of trade with India brought coastal people in much of maritime Southeast Asia into contact with the major religions of

649:. The Melayu-Srivijayans were known to construct complex building system in its capital, major cities and important urban centres. 16546: 15718: 13769: 8018:"Minister: Census shows Malaysia's oldest man and woman aged 120 and 118; preliminary census findings to be released in Feb 2022" 3879:

located on mountain tops, a feature which suggests may derive from pre-historic Malay beliefs regarding sanctity of high places.

3268:. Beginning from the 17th century, as a result of British and Dutch colonisation, Jawi was gradually replaced by the Latin-based 885:'s campaign in the 11th century. It may have been situated in Sumatra, between Pannai and Srivijaya (Palembang), possibly in the 13272: 8638: 3163:". It is also the most widely used during British and Dutch colonial era in the Malay Archipelago. The reversed was seen in the 836:) from Mo-lo-yu; therefore, it can be reasoned that Mo-Lo-Yu would lie halfway between the two places. A popular theory relates 17424: 17369: 16744: 16526: 15618: 1581:

of the region, replacing Sanskrit, the language of Hinduism. The Srivijayan era is considered the golden age of Malay culture.

619: 614:

Throughout their history, the Malays have been known as a coastal-trading community with fluid cultural characteristics. They

17439: 17310: 16541: 16427: 14365: 14255: 14167: 14149: 14072: 14041: 14023: 13963: 13945: 13917: 13899: 13878: 13843: 13825: 13646: 13628: 13610: 13592: 13574: 13551: 13498: 13480: 13462: 13361: 13324: 13203: 13182: 13163: 13132: 13109: 13091: 13033: 13005: 12982: 12964: 12930: 12909: 12848: 12804: 12770: 12743: 12699: 12679: 12661: 12621: 12591: 12570: 12552: 12524: 12506: 12488: 12470: 12436: 12396: 12378: 12353: 12335: 12317: 12277: 12259: 12192: 12140: 12082: 12064: 12046: 12007: 11970: 11940: 11922: 11904: 11856: 11816: 11787: 11736: 11713: 11673: 11655: 11618: 11600: 11582: 11564: 11546: 11528: 11443: 11383: 11319: 11279: 11261: 11198: 9186: 2641: 1659:

In the north of the peninsula, the power vacuum left by the collapse of Srivijaya was filled by the growth of the kingdom of

985:(to steadily accelerate), referring to the high mobility and migratory nature of its people. De Barros (1552) mentioned that 13138: 11742: 10071: 3459:

The rise of Malay literature during the period was also penned by other homegrown literary composition coloured by mystical

3313:

The rich oral literature and classical literature of the Malays contain a great number of portraits of the people, from the

17023: 16512: 12295: 11636: 11350: 9969:"Transcripts of Gender, Intimacy, and Islam in Southeast Asia: The "Outrageous" Texts of Raja Ali Haji and Khatijah Terung" 9066: 8197: 3583: 2680:

for "Never shall the Malays vanish from the face of the earth") written on the top. The quote is a famous rallying cry for

63: 13196:

India's Interaction with Southeast Asia: History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Vol. 1, Part 3

11689: 4774:

form the main repertoire. There are four distinctive types of shadow puppet theatre that can be found in Malay Peninsula;

2728:

against Thai rule is regarded by some historians as a part of the wider sphere of peninsular Malay nationalism. A similar

844:

in Sumatra, however the geographical location of Jambi contradicts with Yi Jing's description of a "half way sail between

17419: 17394: 14530: 13861: 2852: 2222: 1321:

who came equipped with more advanced farming techniques and new knowledge of metals. The Deutero-Malay settlers were not

12824: 11453: 11207:

Abdulla, M. A.; et al. (HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium) (December 2009). "Mapping Human Genetic Diversity in Asia".

8051: 5708:

A Malay Keris, with its sheath on the left. This particular dagger was historically belonged to a Malay aristocrat from

2785:

Federation of Malaya's commemorative stamp issued in 1957. The semi-independent federation was formed in 1948 from nine

15711: 13656: 13066: 12150: 9847: 9126: 3962: 3875:. Within an area of about 350 square kilometres, 87 early historic religious sites have been reported and there are 12 3725:

bath), a bathing festival to achieve spiritual purity, which can be discerned features similar to some of those of the

2436: 13297: 13264:

Masyarakat Melayu dan penanaman padi di Selatan Thailand : kajian kes di sebuah mubaan dalam Wilayah / Narathiwat

13214: 11780:

Ser Marco Polo; notes and addenda to Sir Henry Yule's edition, containing the results of recent research and discovery

10396: 9825: 3432:(Arabic based Malay script). Since then, Islamic beliefs and concepts began to make its mark on Malay literature. The 394:, as well as the smaller islands that lie between these locations. These locations are today part of the countries of 17429: 17409: 17404: 17399: 13564: 13371: 13342: 13224: 12866: 12709: 12160: 11425: 8696: 8551: 6405: 6284:

The realm of Malays is depicted in green and other related sub-ethnic groups are rendered in darker or lighter green.

4097:

prior to the 19th century, a paradox considering the vast cultural contact between the Malays and the outside world.

3593: 1740: 351: 13981: 13768:. International Conference on Minority Languages and Writing Systems held on 23–26 November 2007 in Beijing, China. 13269:

The Malay community and rice cultivation in southern Thailand: a case study in a regency in the Regions / Narathiwat

13022:

Indonesian Citizens' Nationality, Ethnicity, Religion, and Everyday Language – Results of the 2010 Population Census

10733: 8111: 5508:(Silat practitioners) in history and even considered by some as the father of Malay silat. Since the classical era, 881:. It was described as a kingdom that had "a strong mountain for its rampart" that fell to the Chola invaders during 17434: 17384: 16848: 14358: 13998: 5209:

which occurred a few days before the festival. During the Hari Raya, the Malays would celebrated by performing the

3623: 3264:

was adopted and is still in use today as one of the two official scripts in Brunei and as an alternative script in

3125: 3082: 2819:. In 1945, they reorganised themselves into a political party known as Partai Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya (PKMM). The 2360:. The decline further culminated in the 19th century, when the Sultanate lost most of its remaining territories in 13084:

Spirit of wood: the art of Malay woodcarving : works by master carvers from Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pattani

3525:. The exact date of its composition and the identity of its original author are uncertain, but under the order of 17414: 17389: 17315: 17016: 16680: 15662: 13739:(Working paper). CRISE: Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity. CRISE Working Paper 14. 11875: 8728: 8276: 7996:", even though, for instance, those of Javanese descent make up around 60% of the Singaporean "Malay" population. 7124: 5592: 3978: 3887: 3376: 2703: 2606: 2079:

the Portuguese from the peninsula. As per agreement with Johor in 1606, the Dutch later took control of Malacca.

1342:

populations of the Malay Peninsula, neighbouring Indonesian Archipelago, and the then-exposed continental shelf (

4962:

In Malay culture, clothes and textiles are revered as symbols of beauty, power and status. Numerous accounts in

3794:. This historical document had references to the construction and the architecture of palaces during the era of 2941:, drastically influenced their Malayan counterparts and politically motivating them against the PKMM's ideal of 2529:

under their dominion together with a cluster of northern Malay states. Nonetheless, they only managed to secure

773:

as one of the provinces in the eastern sea that was full of gold and silver. Some scholars equate the term with

16987: 16954: 16902: 16675: 12820: 8141: 3321:, from the ancient to the very contemporary periods, which together form the amorphous identity of the Malays. 3222: 2373: 2118:

in the 17th century. Between 1808 and 1813, the Siamese imposed a new administrative structure and created the

1680: 5512:

underwent great diversification and formed what is today traditionally recognised as the source of Indonesian

5133:), the oil lamps are traditionally used to illuminate homes and the streets during the Ramadhan. Seen here in 2071:

faced several unsuccessful retaliation attacks by Johor until 1614, when the combined forces of Johor and the

1784:, from around the 12th century. The earliest archaeological evidence of Islam from the Malay Peninsula is the 17444: 16711: 6188: 6148:. As the game dispersed around the globe, every culture has invented its own variation including the Malays. 3556:(A Compendium of Charms for Men and Women) by Khatijah Terung, a wife of Raja Haji Abdullah bin Raja Hassan. 2810: 2721: 2637: 1573:. Enjoying both Indian and Chinese patronage, its wealth was gained mostly through trade. At its height, the 1391:' (ESEA)), which is ancestral to modern East and Southeast Asians, Polynesians, and Siberians, originated in 13799: 12016:

Gibson-Hill, C. A. (July 1953). "Notes on the old Cannon found in Malaya, and known to be of Dutch origin".

11329: 2905:

in 1950, all traditional Malay monarchies in Indonesia were abolished, and the Sultans positions reduced to

16924: 14389: 14176:

Hatin WI, Nur-Shafawati AR, Zahri MK, Xu S, Jin L, et al. (The HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium) (2011).

13017:

Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia – Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010

8648: 6394: 5672:(Vegetal motives) are among the popular designs for Malay decorative silver pillow ends and tobacco boxes. 5153:

by the 15th century. Thus, resulting most of the Malay festivals and celebrations to run parallel with the

4716: 4664: 3433: 3106:

the 15th century, the Classical Malay spread beyond the traditional Malay speaking world and resulted in a

2978: 2938: 2286: 1847: 1785: 841: 638: 13956:

The travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian: the translation of Marsden revised, with a selection of his notes

13405:

Said, Sanib (October 2012). "Sejarah Awal Kepulauan Melayu:Lima Buah Negeri Warisan Sarawak yang Hilang".

8836: 6191:, where 'Mohd Zaquan Adha' is his triple given name and 'Abdul Radzak' is his father's double given name. 3894:. Setul was a historical Malay kingdom that existed between 1808 and 1915 in the northern Malay Peninsula. 16691: 13674: 8224: 7382: 5552: 3291:

text. Also known as the Kedah Annals, it is an ancient Malay literature that chronicles the bloodline of

2844: 2836: 2794: 2470:

The prospect of a German annexation of the northern peninsula and the potential of its involvement for a

1523: 748:

Prior to the 15th century, the term "Melayu" and its similar-sounding variants appear to apply as an old

487: 138: 2467:, an island located north of Langkawi. Although this report was dismissed by Prince Dewawongse of Siam. 1167: 16737: 14553: 14282: 13937: 13927: 11557:

Triad societies: western accounts of the history, sociology and linguistics of Chinese secret societies

10498: 8377:

Reid, Anthony (October 2001). "Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities".

7936: 6275: 6219: 4856: 4233: 3939: 3891: 2452: 2388: 1968:(1550–1823) and Indragiri Sultanate (1298–1945) controlled much of the southeastern shores of Sumatra. 1403:

prior to the Austronesian expansion. Austronesian-speakers themselves are suggested to have arrived on

1014: 5523:

is also practised by Malays, mainly in the northern region of the Malay Peninsula. It is a variant of

3444:

were translated and religious books were written in Malay language. Among famous translated works are

2720:, the struggle against colonisation was characterised by the trans-ethnic nationalism: the so-called " 1163: 828:

kingdom was located at a distance of 15 days sailing from Bogha (Palembang), the capital of Sribhoga (

15734: 8229: 7792: 5624:

made from gold and silver. For the Malay nobles during this period, the works of pending (ornamental

5097:(ornamental belt buckle) are also synonymous to be worn as a formal attire. It was also common for a 4576:

probably is the most popular dish ubiquitous in Malay town and villages. Nasi lemak is considered as

3446: 3284: 3015: 2725: 2699: 2432: 2052: 1684: 1664: 1347: 1117: 1112:(manuscript: 1876) for example, does not call Patani and Brunei as Malay, that term is only used for 949:

as a kingdom located in the Malay Peninsula, possibly similar to the one mentioned in Yuan chronicle.

14116:

Ananta, Aris; Arifin, Evi Nurvidya; Hasbullah, M. Sairi; Handayani, Nur Budi; Pramono, Agus (2013).

14100: 6003:), which are distinct from the seven class of armaments. Additionally, the Malays also would deploy 5779:, dedicated prayers and devoted mantras would be also recited upon to complement the mystic ritual. 4527:

The main characteristic in traditional Malay cuisine is undoubtedly the generous use of spices. The

2460:

and was warned not to release any concession to other foreign powers without the agreement of Siam.

1561:

Srivijaya's influence spread over all the coastal areas of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, western

1104:

Classical Malay literature described the Malays in a narrower sense than the modern interpretation.

17379: 17335: 16992: 16970: 16872: 16823: 16701: 16630: 15832: 14620: 14482: 14075:[Traditional Clothing] (in Malay). Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan . Archived from 11372:

Ananta, Aris; Arifin, Evi Nurvidya; Hasbullah, M Sairi; Handayani, Nur Budi; Pramono, Agus (2015).

7005: 5760: 4531:

is also important in giving the Malay dishes their rich, creamy character. The other foundation is

3974: 3958: 3560: 3526: 2381: 2294: 2076: 1960:(1785–1909) and Legeh Kingdom (1755–1902) that dominated the northern part of the Malay Peninsula. 1124:(ca. 1625, manuscript ca. 1675) linked Malay ethnicity with Johor, but certainly not Aceh or Deli. 615: 12637: 8780:"Perspective on Ancestral Lineages and Genetic Markers of Malay Population in Peninsular Malaysia" 8081: 6055:, Malaysia. This peculiar type of kite can be found in the northeast coast of the Malay Peninsula. 2340:

alongside various other Malay kingdoms that revolted for independence in the early 1902 including

573:. In the course of history, the term "Malay" has been extended to other ethnic groups within the " 16944: 16934: 16605: 16551: 15852: 15682: 14657: 14381: 11771:(Abstracts of Dissertations Available on Microfilm or as Xerographic Reproductions February 1973) 11092: 10255: 8686: 7901: 7642: 6352: 6161: 5588: 5026: 4159:, commonly defined by a straight collar and a spherical body, oftentime used as a water jar; The 4082: 3706:, many traditions that are regarded as contravene the teachings of Islam and contain elements of 3541: 3168: 3144: 3063: 2934: 1862: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1090: 993:(Malays) so because of the banishment of his father from his country. Albuquerque explained that 898: 463: 455: 407: 12371:

A Record of the Buddhist Religion As Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago (A.D. 671–695)

11400: 5296:, the Islamic New Year; the latter three celebrations are usually observed by holding a special 4701:

provide the beat for many dances. There are also drums of various sizes, ranging from the large

2059:. The victorious Portuguese however, were unable to extend their political influence beyond the 1687:, it was the only time there was an armed maritime expedition beyond the borders of the region. 1338:

A more recent theory holds that rather than being populated by expansion from the mainland, the

740:'laju', meaning "to accelerate", used to describe the accelerating strong current of the river. 17325: 17039: 16914: 16892: 16696: 15932: 15807: 15687: 15635: 15598: 11979: 7922: 6289: 5030: 4454: 4028:, is hailed as an act of devotion of the craftsmen to the creator and a gift to his fellowmen. 3916: 3795: 3614: 3559:

The same century also witnessed a monumental shift in the Malay literature through writings of

3415: 3296: 2875: 2582: 2570: 2545:

under the agreement. The treaty also witnessed the state of Kedah being reduced the most, with

2506: 2357: 2266: 2194:

the border of the Patani territories and installed a new governance and administrative system.

1890: 1376: 958: 709: 626:

numerous cultural features of other local ethnic groups, such as those of Minang and Acehnese.

12431:, vol. 2, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka & Ministry of Education (Malaysia), 11894: 8846: 6133:

are designed to create a specific sound as they are buffeted about in the wind) and altitude.

3428:

The era of classical Malay literature started after the arrival of Islam and the invention of

3129: 17359: 17320: 17058: 17049: 16833: 16730: 16665: 16655: 16184: 15802: 15787: 15754: 14947: 14503: 14264: 12305: 11539:

After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States

10702: 8779: 7588: 7529: 6834: 6575: 6474: 6235: 6091: 5919:

from the length of the shoulders to the tips of the fingers, constituting the Malay saber of

5805: 5649: 5323:, originally emulated from the ancient pre-Islamic Malay holy cleansing rituals, akin to the 3970: 3522: 3405: 2898: 2574: 2550: 2546: 2423: 2001: 1851: 946: 16645: 11984:

Researches on Ptolemy's geography of eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay archipelago)

7350: 6733: 5688:, a ceremonial tray for betel quid and for constructing certain musical instruments such as 4112:. It is usually assumed the form as cooking utensils. In the west coast, the raven-coloured 1799:

By the 15th century, the Malacca Sultanate, whose hegemony reached over much of the western

1432: 1021: 17300: 16939: 16929: 16897: 16773: 16670: 16650: 16615: 15822: 15769: 15672: 15362: 14267:[The History of Sarawakian Malay] (in Malay). Amanah Khairat Yayasan Melayu Sarawak 14189: 13191: 11216: 10664: 9521: 8981: 7912: 7895: 7799: 7783: 7734: 7258: 7252: 6996: 6861: 5739: 5677: 4918: 3990: 3966: 3675: 3304: 3039: 2974: 2965: 2953: 2922: 2918: 2806: 2741: 2494: 2337: 2209:

in exchange of military assistance against the Siamese. In 1819, the company also acquired

1934: 1613: 1318: 1249: 802: 526: 379: 376: 290: 8526:

Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia

3038:

The Malay language is one of the most prominent languages of the world, especially of the

2257:

in 1886. British intervention in the affairs of Malay states was formalised in 1895, when

2063:. The Sultan maintained his overlordship on the lands outside Malacca and established the 8: 17330: 16790: 16686: 16635: 15917: 15837: 15608: 15581: 14962: 13725: 12918: 12816:

Asal Usul Orang Melayu: Menulis Semula Sejarahnya (The Malay Origin: Rewrite Its History)

12579: 10296: 10213: 8579: 7861: 7849: 7840: 7460: 7337: 7285: 6901: 6390: 6296:, forming the dominant ethnic group in Peninsular Malaysia and a significant minority in 5933:("A hand", a sword with the diameter measured from the elbow to the 3 fingers, including 5832: 4037: 4005: 3635: 3452: 3387:

and romances, or at least some productions inspired by such, and is full of allusions to

3384: 3191: 3164: 3086: 2790: 2645: 2238: 2179: 1985: 1965: 1708: 1594: 1510:

The beginning of the Common Era saw the rise of Malay states in the coastal areas of the

1444: 1404: 1359: 1339: 1185: 886: 439: 14193: 11797: 11220: 8985: 7977:

This number only provides the ethnic group population that lies under the term "Malay" (

5644:(Betel container) and parts of Keris. The art of working gold was predominantly done by 5531:

which is believed to have been spread in the Southeast Asian mainland since the time of

3197:

Apart from the standard Malay, developed within the Malacca-Johor sphere, various local

2732:

can be witnessed in modern-day Indonesia, where both autochthonously-Malay provinces of

2395:

into a British zone in the north and a Dutch zone in the south, all Malay sultanates in

1917:

as a vassal to the Sultanate of Brunei. Brunei also expanded its influence in Mindanao,

16949: 16853: 16785: 16536: 16531: 16521: 15797: 15640: 15137: 15022: 14773: 14768: 14615: 14212: 14177: 13712: 13441: 12995: 12609: 12517:

Economics, Education, Mobility And Space (Encyclopedia of women & Islamic cultures)

12406: 12025: 11240: 10659: 10657: 10655: 9012: 8969: 7993: 7727: 7700: 7400: 7292: 7109: 7018: 6569: 6379: 6243: 5787: 5576: 5335:

celebrated by the inland and agrarian Malay communities by traditional games, theatre,

5248:, a month-long holy month devoted by daytime fasting and various religious activities; 4798:

denote a regional influence in fused with the Javanese and Siamese respectively, while

4643:

from Java, however Malay people has developed their own distinctive taste and recipes.

4632: 3855: 3441: 3358: 2729: 2717: 2457: 2440: 2427: 2426:

since 1899. The plan was largely derived under the scheme of the German Grand Admiral,

2202: 2131: 2115: 2068: 1655:, bringing the old Palembangese courts traditions and identity into the newfound state. 1648: 1621: 1574: 1539: 994: 634: 604: 491: 174: 13760: 12672:

The Malay handloom weavers: a study of the rise and decline of traditional manufacture

6280: 3619: 2481: 521:

and traditions—are thought to have been promulgated during this era, resulting in the

17295: 16997: 16887: 16778: 16761: 16706: 16507: 16471: 16422: 16404: 16132: 15969: 15900: 15667: 15650: 15417: 15157: 15065: 15056: 14872: 14855: 14848: 14838: 14833: 14729: 14714: 14677: 14672: 14662: 14487: 14251: 14231:"Experts disagree on religion practised at ruins older than Borobodur and Angkor Wat" 14217: 14163: 14145: 14037: 14019: 13959: 13941: 13913: 13895: 13874: 13839: 13821: 13716: 13642: 13624: 13606: 13588: 13570: 13547: 13530: 13494: 13476: 13458: 13445: 13372:"Visual Composition of Malay Woodcarvings in Vernacular House of Peninsular Malaysia" 13357: 13338: 13320: 13262: 13220: 13199: 13178: 13159: 13128: 13105: 13087: 13029: 13001: 12978: 12960: 12944: 12926: 12905: 12862: 12844: 12800: 12784: 12766: 12739: 12695: 12675: 12657: 12617: 12587: 12566: 12548: 12520: 12502: 12484: 12466: 12450: 12432: 12392: 12374: 12349: 12331: 12313: 12291: 12273: 12255: 12188: 12156: 12136: 12104: 12078: 12060: 12042: 12003: 11987: 11966: 11936: 11918: 11900: 11852: 11812: 11783: 11763: 11732: 11709: 11669: 11651: 11632: 11614: 11596: 11578: 11560: 11542: 11524: 11439: 11421: 11379: 11315: 11275: 11257: 11232: 11194: 9990: 9182: 9058: 9017: 8999: 8692: 8547: 7668: 7471: 7246: 7233: 7078: 7012: 6375: 6309: 6267: 6172: 5596: 5229: 5225: 5035: 4906: 4032: 3903: 3821: 3817: 3787: 3536:

In the 19th century, the Malay literature received some notable additions, including

3511: 3393: 3292: 3198: 3075: 2942: 2914: 2890:, whereas the Islamic group favoured ending royalty but sought a much larger role of 2815: 2775: 2689: 2681: 2514: 2404: 2392: 2341: 2159: 2127: 2107: 2056: 2049: 2009: 1977: 1973: 1930: 1922: 1828: 1800: 1700: 1652: 1625: 1570: 1384: 1189: 1137: 1078: 1055: 974: 918: 917:, referring to a nation of the Malay Peninsula that faced the southward expansion of 794: 753: 717: 623: 600: 549:

saw many of their inhabitants, particularly from various tribal communities like the

506: 467: 459: 447: 431: 151: 12310:

A History of British India: To the Overthrow of the English in the Spice Archipelago

11722: 11244: 10652: 4974:

were made in various Chinese and Arab accounts. Among well-known Malay textiles are

3882: 3782: 2664: 2601:

from Legeh (which had been under Siamese jurisdiction since 1902). The Siamese then

1820:

language, the Islamic faith, and the Malay Muslim culture; the three core values of

1731:

and further spreading the Indian-influenced Malay ethos within the regional sphere.

1584:

The glory of Srivijaya however began to wane after the series of raids by the Tamil

1330:

Deutero-Malays are considered the direct ancestors of the present-day Malay people.

17263: 17253: 17166: 16907: 16561: 16556: 16441: 16214: 16117: 15954: 15875: 15764: 15677: 15593: 15429: 15412: 15192: 15172: 15167: 15162: 14957: 14937: 14930: 14887: 14877: 14790: 14580: 14320: 14296: 14207: 14197: 13815: 13704: 13520: 13431: 12602:

Intisari kebudayaan Melayu Kedah: Kumpulan rencana mengenai kebudayaan Negeri Kedah

12366: 12221: 12077:, Information Malaysia 1990–91 Yearbook, Kuala Lumpur: Berita Publishing Sdn. Bhd, 11224: 9980: 9048: 9007: 8989: 8386: 7965: 7438: 7298: 7240: 6487: 6263: 6251: 6247: 5883: 5584: 5532: 5493: 5332: 5316: 5289: 5183: 5175: 5154: 5117: 5022: 4172: 3949:

Throughout many decades, the traditional Malay architecture has been influenced by

3803: 3754: 3577: 3238: 3067: 2946: 2926: 2747:

The earliest and most influential instruments of Malay national awakening were the

2566: 2526: 2522: 2329: 2262: 2250: 2151: 2091: 1981: 1914: 1898: 1843: 1696: 1277: 1098: 882: 821: 423: 328: 17151: 16360: 15097: 14076: 10189: 10177: 5680:. It is often meticulously hammered and craved with various decorative designs in 4970:. Mentions of locally made textiles as well as the predominance of weaving in the 3172: 2187: 17374: 17305: 17233: 17228: 17191: 17171: 17134: 16919: 16843: 16660: 16639: 16624: 16620: 16393: 16387: 16343: 16308: 16229: 16112: 15927: 15885: 15842: 15817: 15613: 15504: 15439: 15392: 15387: 15152: 15132: 15127: 15117: 15075: 15034: 15017: 15012: 14976: 14860: 14828: 14800: 14756: 14637: 14416: 14411: 14332: 14308: 14202: 13455:

Some contributions of India to the ancient civilisation of Indonesia and Malaysia

13314: 13122: 12735: 12182: 11726: 11373: 10075: 9176: 8732: 7931: 7906: 7879: 7630: 7542: 7394: 7174: 6889: 6828: 6724: 6693: 6557: 6481: 6293: 6223: 5731: 5629: 5489: 5485: 5458: 5344: 5244:

Other major liturgical and religious ceremonies celebrated by the Malays include

5233: 4979: 4971: 4963: 4877: 4465: 4449: 4316: 3737: 3695: 3388: 3341: 3202: 3179: 3148: 3137: 3095: 3022:. Dating back from 683, it is one of the oldest surviving Malay written artefact. 2977:, the West's last major dependency in Southeast Asia, attained independence in a 2856: 2713: 2693: 2649: 2558: 2306: 2206: 2163: 2155: 2135: 2123: 2119: 2103: 2099: 2064: 1961: 1953: 1945: 1902: 1874: 1870: 1835: 1817: 1724: 1712: 1676: 1609: 1590: 1515: 1380: 1230: 1070: 1020:

Portuguese watercolour of Malayan people of Malacca, circa 1540, featured in the

778: 657: 608: 588: 538: 534: 466:

tribes who founded several ancient maritime trading states and kingdoms, notably

411: 387: 309: 187: 14248:

Malay World (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore). Lingua-Cultural Dictionary

12093:"Setoi (Setul) Mambang Segara Dalam Lintasan Sejarah Negeri-Negeri Melayu Utara" 11356: 11272:

A Panorama of Indian Buddhism: Selections from the Maha Bodhi journal, 1892–1992

11107: 9036: 5730:

is one of the most revered items of Malay weaponry. Originally developed by the

5198: 4603:, glutinous compressed rice cooked in palm leaves, is popular especially during 2952:

In March 1946, UMNO emerged with the full support of the Malay sultans from the

2016:

Between 1511 and 1984, numerous Malay kingdoms and sultanates fell under direct

17115: 17080: 16838: 16456: 16399: 16299: 16264: 16234: 16189: 16162: 16127: 16038: 15959: 15937: 15812: 15792: 15623: 15558: 15531: 15516: 15479: 15464: 15282: 15207: 15051: 14920: 14805: 14699: 14684: 14652: 14457: 14421: 14344: 13246: 12991: 12689: 12408:

Kenapa Bilah Keris Bengkok? Sejarah Keris Melayu Yang Kita Tidak Pernah Dengar.

12362: 11683: 10388: 8974:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

8539: 7917: 7483: 7304: 6984: 6973: 6665: 6195: 6168: 6026: 5809: 5572: 5249: 4851: 4817: 3931: 3920: 3911: 3530: 3498: 3464: 3437: 3308: 3253: 3245: 3158: 3027: 2871: 2753: 2709: 2677: 2653: 2629:, a legacy that can be witnessed today in the Malaysian administrative system. 2626: 2554: 2518: 2490: 2475: 2408: 2353: 2302: 2242: 2167: 2095: 2037: 2033: 1969: 1668: 1644: 1543: 1456: 1352: 1245: 814: 777:, but several Indian scholars believe the term should refer to the mountainous 725: 666: 646: 518: 495: 427: 360: 264: 233: 16595: 11991: 11164: 10247: 8390: 8189: 3410: 3182:, the direct successor of Malacca, became the standard speech among Malays in 1503:

were built in the Indian style, local kings began referring to themselves as "

298:

Highly naturalized population of mixed origins, but using the 'Malay' identity

17353: 17243: 17199: 17183: 17161: 17075: 16858: 16806: 16466: 16461: 16451: 16365: 16350: 16318: 16259: 16239: 16194: 16172: 16122: 16048: 16031: 15922: 15890: 15827: 15586: 15563: 15553: 15543: 15538: 15509: 15422: 15402: 15342: 15327: 15292: 15277: 15212: 15182: 15122: 15039: 15005: 14993: 14981: 14952: 14907: 14865: 14823: 14795: 14709: 14667: 14522: 14436: 14406: 14178:"Population Genetic Structure of Peninsular Malaysia Malay Sub-Ethnic Groups" 13933: 13887: 13560: 12948: 12788: 12454: 12108: 11775: 11767: 11461: 9994: 9062: 9003: 8059: 7805: 7536: 7449: 7406: 7368: 7276: 7130: 7048: 6895: 6883: 6868: 6764: 6751: 6681: 6465: 6145: 6043: 6038: 6000: 5859: 5580: 5293: 5269: 5202: 4871: 4720: 4581: 4520: 4427: 4390: 4339: 4258: 4227: 4139:, commonly in a wide rim and a round base, the pot usually mobilised to cook 4117: 4094: 4066: 3943: 3909:

The first detailed description of Malay architecture was on the great wooden

3872: 3711: 3707: 3257: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3108: 3033: 2957: 2902: 2883: 2770: 2598: 2562: 2498: 2301:, all these British possessions and protectorates that collectively known as 2254: 2218: 2183: 2171: 2139: 1984:(1630–1948) governed eastern Sumatra. While West Borneo observed the rise of 1957: 1906: 1831: 1753:

The "Dayak-Malay" brotherhood monument in West Kalimantan Provincial Museum,

1728: 1585: 1578: 1535: 1527: 1477: 1472: 1427: 1209: 986: 922: 592: 530: 479: 471: 458:. Historically, the Malay population is descended primarily from the earlier 435: 368: 15703: 14158:

Dewaele, Jean-Marc; Beardsmore, Hugo Baetens; Housen, Alex; Li, Wei (2003),

13662: 13525: 13508: 13014:

Na'im, Akhsan; Syaputra, Hendry (2010), Sumarwanto; Iriantono, Tono (eds.),

11228: 9839: 9118: 9053: 8994: 8032: 5543: 4207: 17270: 17258: 17146: 17124: 17100: 17085: 16753: 16446: 16436: 16333: 16328: 16284: 16269: 16204: 16152: 16107: 16095: 16070: 16065: 16060: 16043: 16011: 15947: 15870: 15499: 15494: 15469: 15459: 15454: 15444: 15407: 15397: 15322: 15307: 15262: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15202: 15147: 15070: 15029: 15000: 14942: 14912: 14882: 14843: 14694: 14605: 14590: 14462: 14221: 13695:

Terrell, John Edward (August–October 1999). "Think Globally, Act Locally".

13534: 13289: 13118: 11236: 10471: 9021: 7618: 7161: 6871: 6606: 6551: 6438: 6215: 6176: 6098: 6070: 5772: 5721: 5681: 5513: 5509: 5466: 5452: 5440: 5435: 5388: 5158: 5146: 4967: 4763: 4636: 4573: 4542: 4528: 4503: 4382: 4232:

Different Malay regions are all known for their unique or signature dishes—

4009: 3986: 3927: 3837: 3791: 3777: 3716: 3703: 3699: 3680: 3518: 3503: 3206: 3133: 3042:

family. Variants and dialects of Malay are used as an official language in

3010: 2970: 2930: 2906: 2879: 2840: 2828: 2786: 2737: 2486: 2464: 2349: 2325: 2298: 2258: 2246: 2214: 2191: 2083: 2072: 2021: 2017: 1938: 1809: 1804: 1744: 1720: 1692: 1500: 1364: 1261: 1201: 1029: 962: 914: 857: 853: 818: 782: 684: 671: 570: 566: 554: 522: 415: 207: 14350: 14244:

Dunia Melayu (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura): Kamus Lingua-Budaya

14127:. Busan, Korea: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population 13386: 12715: 11760:

Dissertation Abstracts International, A-The Humanities and Social Sciences

11629:

Engines of Empire: Steamshipping and State Formation in Colonial Indonesia

6086:'s national sport and played in the international sporting events such as 5755:(the Status Keris, awarded in right of his position in Malay society) and 3074:. It is spoken natively by approximately 33 million people throughout the 2809:, formed in 1938 by a group of Malay intelligentsia primarily educated in 17275: 17238: 17008: 16816: 16493: 16219: 16167: 16026: 16016: 16006: 15964: 15911: 15657: 15548: 15526: 15449: 15372: 15352: 15347: 15312: 15302: 15287: 15267: 15257: 15232: 15177: 15082: 14988: 14780: 14744: 14724: 14689: 14642: 14610: 14600: 14563: 14452: 14060: 12226: 12128: 7569: 7118: 6687: 6271: 6157: 6087: 6066: 6009: 5853: 5717: 5685: 5625: 5281: 5210: 4953: 4949: 4942: 4865: 4771: 4759: 4728: 4713:) used as an accompaniment to vocal recitations in religious ceremonies. 4684: 4683:

dances. Choreographed movements also vary from simple steps and tunes in

4656: 4612: 4557: 4499: 4480: 4474: 4444: 4395: 4252: 4246: 4215: 4021: 4001: 3864: 3811: 3748: 3742: 3507: 3492: 3429: 3421: 3288: 3269: 3261: 3249: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3102: 2365: 2111: 2087: 2029: 2005: 1918: 1660: 1452: 1302: 1253: 1213: 1205: 1193: 1181: 1074: 966: 957:– (literally "city of Malaya" or "fortress of Malaya"), inscribed on the 928: 902: 824:

monk who visited the Southeast Asia in 688–695. According to Yijing, the

770: 579: 574: 277: 164: 124: 87: 69: 13679:, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, 13124:

Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor

12779:

Ministry of Culture, Singapore (1973), "Singapore: facts and pictures",

12029: 9985: 9968: 9417: 9037:"A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia" 5645: 5363:(ceremonial massage for a mother who is pregnant with her first child), 2245:

in 1867. Additionally, the Straits Settlements would also encompass the

1264:

and other groups). These ancient people also split with some heading to

688:, associates the etymological origin of "Melayu" to a small river named 653: 17178: 17141: 16487: 16379: 16355: 16323: 16199: 16021: 15996: 15983: 15744: 15645: 15628: 15297: 15224: 15092: 15087: 14925: 14704: 14431: 13436: 13419: 11479:

Traditional Malay Pottery of Kuala Kangsar: Its History and Development

11396:

Suku Batin – A Proto-Malay People? Evidence from Historical Linguistics

11332:[State of Rahman, the loss of a gem] (in Malay). Archived from 7823: 7388: 6877: 6317: 6203: 6183: 6130: 6077: 6061: 5896: 5878: 5560: 5528: 5478: 5273: 5166: 4835: 4710: 4663:(c. 19th century). In 2005, it received recognition as being among the 4569: 4546: 4489: 4460: 4374: 4345: 4293: 4237: 4219: 4176: 4109: 3982: 3899: 3868: 3790:'s Palace, which was built from information and data obtained from the 3726: 3655: 3280: 3019: 2748: 2618: 2590: 2538: 2471: 2448: 2400: 2377: 2278: 1857: 1789: 1781: 1675:

between 1247 and 1258. He was eventually defeated by the forces of the

1643:

between the 7th–13th century; the state would subsequently be known as

1631: 1605: 1531: 1481: 1281: 942: 675: 562: 558: 475: 197: 20: 12814: 12799:, Skudai, Johor Darul Ta'zim: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 8724: 4120:

is honoured for gourd-formed jars. There are also several variants of

3517:

The most important piece of Malay literary works is perhaps the famed

1768:

The Islamic faith arrived on the shores of what are now the states of

1749: 1604:

In 1299, through the support of the loyal servants of the empire, the

708:, Indonesia. The epic incorrectly stated that the river flowed to the 678:

for various Malay royal houses in Sumatra, Malay Peninsula and Borneo.

17156: 16722: 16313: 16209: 16179: 15603: 15487: 15046: 13894:, Singapore: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program Publications, 13219:, Palgrave Series in Indian Ocean World Studies, Palgrave Macmillan, 12797:

The architectural heritage of the Malay world: the traditional houses

11799:

A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries

8970:"Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years" 8358: 7752: 7344: 7224: 6814: 6656: 6297: 6121: 6048: 5797: 5792: 5735: 5621: 5548: 5524: 5520: 5501: 5498: 5462: 5170: 5162: 5150: 5134: 5122: 4922: 4910: 4823: 4811: 4438: 4377: 4368: 4359: 4334: 3807: 3691: 3572: 3183: 3171:

of the archipelago during the colonial years resulted the historical

3090: 3071: 3055: 3051: 2986: 2910: 2887: 2863: 2669: 2602: 2210: 1754: 1672: 1640: 1636: 1519: 1460: 1409: 1343: 1298: 1244:

theory (published in 1997) – The migration of a group of people from

1220:, has pointed out a total of three theories of the origin of Malays: 829: 737: 713: 661: 584: 510: 499: 443: 399: 314: 24: 12975:

Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula

9477: 9393: 6218:

to a normal Malay name, a more complex name is produced. The former

5827:

Paradoxically, both groups shared a similar ideology addressing the

5457:

Silat and its variants can be found throughout the Malay world: the

4937: 4031:

The art form is mainly attributed to the abundance of timber on the

3846:

with successive, superimposed terraces which is the best example at

2597:

being transferred into the state and additionally Kelantan received

1647:

before its demise. By the 14th century, a Palembangese-born prince,

17105: 16289: 15521: 15382: 15109: 14761: 13708: 13670: 13509:"Climate Change and Postglacial Human Dispersals in Southeast Asia" 12794: 12328:

Muslim identity and Islam: misinterpreted in the contemporary world

12075:

Muslim identity and Islam: misinterpreted in the contemporary world

10423: 10369: 10195: 10183: 9918: 7718: 7508: 7186: 7064: 7039: 6777: 6619: 6429: 6239: 6207: 6129:

are beautiful, colourful objects set on bamboo frames), sound (all

6083: 6052: 5975: 5813: 5782: 5657: 5564: 5424: 5416: 5261: 5253: 5245: 5130: 5082: 4860: 4767: 4676: 4660: 4577: 4550: 4422: 4408: 4329: 4299: 4279: 4241: 4168: 4105: 4013: 3833: 3765: 3663: 3659: 3631: 3588: 3533:

oversaw the editorial and compilation process of the Malay Annals.

3399: 3345: 3334: 3265: 3187: 3059: 3047: 2982: 2820: 2614: 2534: 2489:

and nobilities of Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak and Selangor with

2415: 2274: 2060: 2025: 1949: 1926: 1793: 1777: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1448: 1314: 1265: 1077:. This is evidenced from the early 16th century Malay word-list by 1066: 1058:; many aspects of Malay culture are derived from the Malaccan court 866: 419: 395: 14339: 14142:

Security and Southeast Asia: domestic, regional, and global issues

12389:

Brunei Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah Handbook

10592: 10447: 9656: 9195: 5684:

and floral motives. The usage of brass however, is best known for

5379:(a graduation ceremony, after a child's first full-reading of the 5264:

where the Malays would solemnly prepared a special dish, known as

4697:

Traditional Malay music is basically percussive. Various kinds of

4167:

is used as a canister, especially in the coastal Malay regions of

2517:

of the peninsular while the lower region was to be held under the

2513:

The Anglo-Siamese Treaty attested that the Siamese to control the

1309:. The dress is commonly associated with women of Malay extraction. 1192:

in a long series of migrations between 2500 and 1500 BCE. Notable

901:

dated 1286 CE by Slamet Muljana. The term is associated with

304: 19:

This article is about the ethnic group. For the race concept, see

17248: 17204: 17110: 16294: 16157: 16144: 16085: 15847: 14971: 14572: 14426: 14263: 11864: 11333: 11170: 10616: 10129: 9762: 8966: 7686: 7096: 6530: 6313: 6301: 6141: 6137: 6109: 6105: 6073:

being played by nobilities and royalties of the Malay sultanate.

5992: 5925: 5865: 5844: 5776: 5709: 5693: 5470: 5396: 5324: 5277: 5179: 4975: 4902: 4752: 4691: 4628: 4596: 4533: 4508: 4494: 4469: 4398: 4324: 4184: 4140: 4078: 3825: 3647: 3564: 3314: 2994: 2802: 2419: 2396: 2369: 1886: 1882: 1704: 1679:

from Tamil Nadu in 1263 and was killed by the brother of Emperor

1617: 1555: 1511: 1326: 1322: 1306: 1273: 1145: 798: 774: 749: 705: 542: 403: 383: 81: 75: 14093:"Royal and Palace Customs: Dresses For Ceremonies And Functions" 12654:

Malaysian shadow play and music: continuity of an oral tradition

12152:

Comparing Globalizations Historical and World-Systems Approaches

11963:

Government Policies and Ethnic Relations in Asia and the Pacific

11648:

The Presidential Notes: A biography of President Yusof bin Ishak

9896: 9894: 9345: 9243: 9219: 8297: 8295: 5828: 5819:

The Malays and Javanese are abided by contrasting philosophical

4218:

with thick, creamy, savoury and spicy sauce, usually eaten with

2024:

of different foreign powers, from European colonial powers like

1507:" and more desirable aspects of Indian government were adopted. 17129: 17090: 16828: 16575: 16338: 16274: 16090: 16080: 16075: 16055: 14899: 13491:

The Indonesian language: its history and role in modern society

11481:, School of Humanities and Sciencesm, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11352:

Anglo-German Rivalry in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, 1870–1909

9333: 7926: 7328: 7310: 7211: 6949: 6937: 6907: 6789: 6643: 6518: 6505: 6211: 6199: 6022: 6014: 5950: 5900: 5820: 5751:(the Dynasty Keris, inherited from one generation to another), 5661: 5474: 5301: 5257: 5066: 4898: 4890: 4882: 4668: 4545:, onions and garlic. Malay cooking also makes plentiful use of 4514: 4485: 4432: 4308: 4288: 4271: 4263: 3829: 3760: 3688: 3627: 3568: 3349: 3326: 3043: 2781: 2622: 2578: 2542: 2361: 2282: 2234: 2230: 2198: 2175: 2147: 1921:

when Sultan Bolkiah married Leila Macanai, the daughter of the

1910: 1878: 1812:

process. The expansion of Malaccan influence through trade and

1716: 1566: 1547: 1257: 1241: 1225: 1150: 733: 546: 483: 391: 93: 56: 14115: 12629: 12599: 12091:

Halimi, Ahmad Jelani & Pitchai, Mohd Yusoff Mydin (2016).

11371: 11113: 10932: 10920: 10556: 10477: 10165: 9938:"Kitab Ilmu Bedil – Book of Malay Traditional Weaponry (2016)" 8334: 8038: 5843:("Direct", the large and heavy artillery, including the Malay 5704: 3089:

settlers in Southeast Asia. This form would later evolve into

3078:

and is used as a second language by an estimated 220 million.

1554:

of Srivijaya, a great confederation of city-states centred in

1325:

like their predecessors: instead they settled and established

1132: 1045: 17223: 17095: 16811: 16279: 16251: 16102: 15907: 15895: 15880: 15692: 15377: 14647: 13028:(in Indonesian), Jakarta, Indonesia: Badan Pusat Statistik , 12207:

Design in the Context of Cultural Changes in Modern Malaysia"

11492:, Stephen Oppenheimer. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1998" 10544: 9891: 9453: 9323: 9321: 8864: 8524:

Kulke, Hermann; Kesavapany, K.; Sakhuja, Vijay, eds. (2009).

8292: 7560: 7520: 7496: 7198: 6961: 6925: 6852: 6801: 6711: 6631: 6542: 6305: 6231: 5966: 5916: 5727: 5617: 5612: 5568: 5448: 5380: 5336: 5320: 5285: 5187: 5142: 4845: 4840: 4829: 4698: 4688: 4680: 4640: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4562: 4413: 4405: 4365: 4304: 4284: 4276: 4267: 4070: 3954: 3950: 3935: 3860: 3842: 3733: 3732:

A vast majority of modern ethnic Malays are the adherents of

3722: 3670: 3602: 3330: 2990: 2891: 2610: 2594: 2586: 2530: 2502: 2418:

as a naval base, with a possible expansion to the islands of

2333: 2290: 2270: 2226: 2143: 2045: 1894: 1839: 1813: 1773: 1769: 1762: 1761:

The period of the 12th and 15th centuries saw the arrival of

1468: 1440: 1197: 1113: 1051: 981:(as a verb: to run, participle: fugitive), or the Malay term 833: 766: 721: 642: 596: 550: 514: 13892:

History, culture, and region in Southeast Asian perspectives

13420:"Criteria for Selecting Timber Species in Malay Woodcarving" 11706:

Pluricentric languages: differing norms in different nations

11142: 11140: 11138: 11136: 11134: 10090: 10052: 9798: 9673: 9671: 9644: 9617: 9441: 9306: 8397: 8312: 8310: 4665:

masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity

3938:

in the front, high ceilings, many openings on the walls for

3642:) as the national philosophy since its independence in 1984. 15434: 14815: 13290:"Geneticist clarifies role of Proto-Malays in human origin" 12763:

The Malays (The Peoples of South-East Asia and the Pacific)

12427:

Jaaffar, Johan; Hussain, Safian; Ahmad, Mohd Thani (1992),

11762:, vol. 33, New York: Xerox University Microfilms, #8, 10153: 10016: 7606: 7148: 6593: 6227: 5689: 5608: 5600: 5300:

prayers, religious lectures and Islamic discussions in the

5102: 5042:

marital status or the rank in the classical Malay society.

4926: 4748: 4744: 4350: 4192: 4152: 3598: 3460: 3318: 2835:(Hizbul Muslimin) formed in March 1948, later succeeded by 2733: 2041: 1562: 1504: 1269: 689: 343: 334: 12018:

Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

11119: 10786: 10784: 10782: 10780: 10778: 10333: 10258:

from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.

10141: 9942:

The Memory of the World Committee for Asia and the Pacific

9318: 8912: 8900: 8322: 8219: 5987:). Other items in the traditional Malay weaponry includes 5045:

Other common classical Malay attire for men consists of a

3886:

A wall panel adorned with various floral motives from the

3736:

Islam and the most important Malay festivals are those of

3391:. Probably to this early time may be traced such works as 2348:

The twilight of the vast Bruneian Empire began during the

67:(marriage solemnisation) ceremony. The groom is wearing a 14175: 14157: 13385:(B). University Teknologi Malaysia: 43–52. Archived from 11912: 11131: 10908: 10580: 10518: 10516: 10435: 9668: 9423: 8626: 8505: 8307: 5874: 4086: 4062: 4053: 3143:

European writers of the 17th and 18th centuries, such as

3124:("High Malay") of Malacca. It is generally believed that 12633:

Program Kerjasama Brunei-Malaysia tingkatkan seni Budaya

12250:

He, Baogang; Galligan, Brian; Inoguchi, Takashi (2007),

11291:

Serampang dua belas, Tari Tradisional Kesultanan Serdang

10896: 10459: 10357: 10291: 10289: 10028: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9231: 9207: 8280: 5965:("A grab", the smallest in the category, the hand-sized 5771:(Thursday night), with the blade is being purified with 4806:

narrated a more autochthonously Malay form and fashion.

4561:

Malay people are Muslims, Malay cuisine follows Islamic

3190:, and it formed the original basis for the standardised 2312: 1480:, shows that a maritime trading route with South Indian 1248:

occurred 6,000 years ago, some moved to Taiwan (today's

1116:. Kedah is not included as Malay in the Kedah chronicle/ 13676:

The history of the Malay language. A preliminary survey

12955:

Muljana, Slamet (2006), Stapel, Frederik Willem (ed.),

12856: 12732:

Sejarah Bahasa Melayu ("History of the Malay Language")

11933:

Shadows of the Prophet: Martial Arts and Sufi Mysticism

11611:

Face to face with political Islam (L'islamisme en face)

10944: 10775: 10765: 10763: 10701:. Syarikat Pemasaran Karyaneka Sdn. Bhd. Archived from 10228: 10117: 9862: 9483: 9146: 9144: 8888: 8777: 8469: 6069:

are among traditional games that were mentioned in the

5220:

The coronation ceremony between Tengku Otteman, as the

5182:, while the latter is to observe the sacrifice made by 3840:

and the summit of structure was erected in the form of

2625:

to retain a degree of their sovereign powers under the

2384:. Brunei was a British protectorate from 1888 to 1984. 13972:

Yunos, Rozan; Begawan, Bandar Seri (24 October 2011).

13603:

A full hearing:orality and literacy in the Malay world

13424:

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

13216:

Trade, Circulation, and Flow in the Indian Ocean World

12812: 12391:, Washington DC: International Business Publications, 12270:

Back from utopia: the challenge of the modern movement

11868:

Population by sex, ethnic group and age, Malaysia,2010

11521:

Contesting Malayness: Malay identity across boundaries

11434:

Andaya, Barbara Watson; Andaya, Leonard Yuzon (1984),

10869: 10857: 10833: 10821: 10628: 10534: 10532: 10530: 10513: 9738: 9726: 9683: 9542: 9489: 9465: 9429: 9399: 9255: 8824: 8614: 8560: 8523: 4100:

Among the renowned traditional Malay pottery includes

2756:

between 1876 and 1941. Among notable periodicals were

2521:. The British originally planned for the inclusion of 1877:

was on the rise to become the most powerful polity in

1455:, a powerful Buddhist kingdom that managed to conquer 14280: 13838:, Singapore: National University of Singapore press, 12039:

The economic life of northern India: c. A.D. 700–1200

10886: 10884: 10640: 10604: 10286: 10040: 9874: 9786: 9695: 9357: 9267: 9156: 8852: 8493: 8346: 8058:. Indonesian Information Portal. 2017. Archived from 5419:

in the contemporary Malay community, the practice of

4108:, molded from clay and identified with the colour of 2589:

however, saw an enlargement of their land area, with

2344:, Saiburi, Nongchik, Yaring, Yala, Legeh and Teluban. 2237:

in 1886. All these trading posts officially known as

1827:

In 1511, the Malaccan capital fell into the hands of

931:

and Ma-li-yu-er with both killing each other ...

897:– (literally "Land of Malayu"), a transcription from 352: 11997: 10845: 10760: 10568: 10453: 10411: 10345: 10324: 10322: 9906: 9774: 9750: 9583: 9581: 9566: 9381: 9369: 9279: 9141: 8666: 8654: 8445: 8433: 8409: 5738:

Empire in Java around the year 1492. By the time of

5252:, a special grand procession to honour the birth of 4183:, a small container, usually crafted for the use of 3552:(Book of Linguistic Knowledge) by Raja Ali Haji and 3491:

The Ornament of All the Devoted) can be seen as the

1467:

There is no definite evidence which dates the first

1375:

Malays are an Austronesian-speaking ethnic group of

340: 14144:, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 12778: 12674:, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 12426: 12348:, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 12290:(1st ed.). London; Boston: Allen & Unwin. 12288:"Luxury' Fleet": The Imperial German Navy 1888-1918 11577:, vol. 2, London: Fitzroy Darborn Publishers, 11191:

Seni Silat Melayu: Sejarah, Perkembangan dan Budaya

10796: 10527: 9924: 9716: 9714: 9712: 9710: 9634: 9632: 9605: 9225: 8936: 8812: 8738: 8602: 8481: 8457: 8220:"Data Access Dissemination Systems (DADS): Results" 8164:"Jabal Ajyad perkampungan komuniti Melayu di Mekah" 6116:(top), some of which spin for two hours at a time. 3654:(spirits) in everything. Around the opening of the 337: 331: 14118:"Changing Ethnic Composition:Indonesia, 2000–2010" 13833: 13813: 12959:(in Indonesian), Yogyakarta: LKiS Pelangi Aksara, 12730:Melebek, Abdul Rashid; Moain, Amat Juhari (2006), 12691:Malaysia (Enchantment of the World. Second Series) 12608: 12249: 11420:, Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 11251: 11188: 10881: 10692: 10690: 10598: 10429: 10375: 10135: 10111: 9900: 9768: 9662: 9593: 9554: 9351: 9300: 8528:. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 8421: 8212: 6175:influences, as Muslims, Malays have long favoured 5484:The influence of the Malay sultanates of Malacca, 5375:(the first piercing ceremony for a female child), 4615:. Various meats and vegetables could be made into 4135:Other forms of Malay traditional pottery are: The 4008:, a giant mythical bird constructed for the grand 2827:consisted of Middle east — educated scholars with 1683:. The invasion marked an unrivaled feature in the 1484:was already established since the second century. 832:). It took a 15-day sail as well to reach Ka-Cha ( 781:, while Sumatra is more correctly associated with 13834:Van der Putten, Jan; Cody, Mary Kilcline (2009), 13787: 13758: 13470: 13013: 12877:"Archaeologists search for a king in Sungai Batu" 12838: 11986:, New Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint Corporation, 11575:Encyclopedia of historians and historical writing 11152: 10938: 10926: 10748: 10723: 10622: 10319: 10274: 10262: 9578: 9339: 9081: 8924: 8778:Parthipan, Shalini; Mirianti Ishar, Seri (2022). 8544:Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300-1800 6304:Malay territories begins north from southwestern 6300:, Thailand and southern Myanmar. The corridor of 5607:Upon the turn of the 17th century, gold, silver, 5157:, albeit deeply ingrained with a strong sense of 4556:Nearly every Malay meal is served with rice, the 2831:sentiment. The first Islamic political party was 2668:The bronze mural of the legendary Malay warrior, 2648:, the Japanese assassinated virtually all of the 2581:lost its Pujoh district. Then-British controlled 1991: 1850:(1725–1946), Pelalawan Sultanate (1725–1946) and 1719:. The expansion is also eminent as it shaped the 1577:was used as its official language and became the 1333: 61:A Malay couple in traditional attire after their 17351: 13910:Comparative studies in Southeast Asian education 13836:Lost Times and Untold Tales from the Malay World 13585:Nationalism & Globalization: East & West 13473:The Malay art of self-defense: Silat Seni Gayung 12614:World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia 12536:Malay Annals: Translated from the Malay Language 11415: 11287: 11146: 10665:"Malaysia Handicrafts ~ Gold Silver & Brass" 10522: 9707: 9629: 8948: 8760:. Center for Orang Asli Concerns. Archived from 7978: 5895:("A body", weapon in the similar dimension of a 5676:yellow brass for functional items and white for 5371:(newborn ceremony, for celebrating a new life), 5347:as a Muslim. The Malays would usually organised 4941:Malay children wearing traditional dress during 4705:used to punctuate important events to the small 3554:Perhimpunan Gunawan bagi Laki-Laki dan Perempuan 3157:language of the learned in all the Indies, like 2289:by Siam to the British. These states along with 2086:of the peninsula had hostile relations with the 14125:XXVII IUSSP International Population Conference 12669: 12547:, Richmond: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 12538:, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown 12514: 12460: 11071: 10687: 10562: 10550: 10171: 9501: 8876: 8870: 5292:, the ascension of Muhammad to the heavens and 4790:. Nonetheless, the art and the storytelling of 4541:, a rich sauce or condiment made from belacan, 3244:The Malay language was historically written in 3081:The oldest form of Malay is descended from the 2847:. They formed voluntary organisations known as 1383:. A study in 2021 concluded that a distinctive 1004: 583:("traders") and who are predominantly from the 23:. For the Dravidian ethnolinguistic group, see 14552: 14099:. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. Archived from 13798:, Asian Scholarship Foundation, archived from 13618: 13506: 13283:– via Universiti Utara Malaysia Library. 12343: 11593:Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world 11555:Bolton, Kingsley; Hutton, Christopher (2000), 11206: 10813: 10010: 9312: 8918: 8906: 6224:Dato' Seri Mohd Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak 4758:Indian influences are strong in a traditional 3587:(an account of his trip for the government to 3340:The earliest form of Malay literature was the 1873:in the 14th century, another Malay realm, the 17024: 16738: 15733: 15719: 14538: 14366: 13762:Language and writing system of Bangkok Melayu 12707: 12497:Johns, Anthony Hearle; Lahoud, Nelly (2005), 12404: 12304: 12090: 12072: 11681: 11666:Hindu-Buddhist architecture in Southeast Asia 11125: 11054: 10802: 10339: 10074:. Bethany World Prayer Center. Archived from 9447: 8316: 6119:Possibly the most popular Malay games is the 5112: 724:. The term is thought to be derived from the 13971: 13723: 13605:, Berkeley: University of California Press, 13099: 12795:Mohamad Tajuddin Haji Mohamad Rasdi (2005), 12729: 12267: 11590: 11554: 11433: 10914: 10159: 10096: 10058: 9818:"Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards" 9804: 9677: 9459: 9327: 9296: 9294: 8403: 6112:is required to produce the most competitive 5877:", a weapon with metal tube propelled by an 5559:was offered by the northern Malay states of 5516:and other forms of Silat in Southeast Asia. 4809:Other well-known Malay performing arts are; 4537:(shrimp paste), which is used as a base for 4081:is not solely witnessed as a mere household 2634:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies 1944:Other significant Malay sultanates were the 1451:. The temple witnessed the rise and fall of 1317:people descended partly from the subsequent 1001:) from the kingdom of Palembang to Malacca. 743: 529:in the region. In literature, architecture, 14380: 14013: 13989:Zakaria, Faizal Izzani (3 September 2016). 13974:"In search of Brunei Malays outside Brunei" 13582: 13177:, Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 13152: 12841:Malaysia: Transformasi dan perubahan sosial 12496: 12478: 12057:Martial arts of the world: An Encyclopedia. 12015: 11949:Ford, R. Clyde (1899), "Malay Literature", 11627:Joseph Norbert Frans Marie à Campo (2002). 11476: 10975: 10973: 10971: 10969: 10967: 10965: 10963: 10961: 10959: 10328: 10147: 10022: 9638: 9104: 8894: 5481:(2nd century) and Srivijaya (7th century). 5355:(asking for divine favour and protection), 3942:, and are often embellished with elaborate 3853:There is also evidence of Hindu shrines or 3669:In the 15th century, Islam of the orthodox 1301:clad in their traditional attire, known as 1218:The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Early History 1188:origin and thought to have migrated to the 17038: 17031: 17017: 16745: 16731: 15726: 15712: 14545: 14531: 14373: 14359: 13814:Van Beek, Steve; Invernizzi, Luca (1999), 13569:, vol. 1, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 13542:Srinivasa, Kodaganallur Ramaswami (2003), 13335:A Modern History of Indonesia, 2nd edition 13057:Niza, Syefiri Moniz Mohd. (10 June 2016). 12463:A design guide of public parks in Malaysia 12268:Henket, Hubert-Jan; Heynen, Hilde (2002), 12184:The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya 11865:Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia) (2010), 11536: 11451: 11330:"Negeri Rahman, hilangnya sebutir permata" 11193:, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 11067: 11065: 11063: 11033: 11031: 11029: 11027: 11025: 11023: 11021: 11019: 11017: 10790: 10717: 10107: 10105: 9650: 4020:Wood carving is a part of classical Malay 3175:of the Malay language in the Philippines. 3058:. The language is also spoken in southern 2913:. The violent demise of the sultanates of 1085:, that made a reference to how the phrase 55: 14211: 14201: 13658:Taman Negara Rain Forest Park and Tourism 13623:, Kuala Lumpur: The Other Press Sdn Bhd, 13541: 13524: 13435: 12943:(in Indonesian), Jakarta: Yayasan Idayu, 12904:, Singapore: Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd, 12843:, Kuala Lumpur: Arah Pendidikan Sdn Bhd, 12751: 12711:Melayu Online.com's Theoretical Framework 12515:Joseph, Suad; Najmabadi, Afsaneh (2006), 12225: 11523:, Singapore: Singapore University press, 11392: 11309: 11050: 11048: 11046: 10902: 10890: 10586: 10441: 10363: 9984: 9291: 9249: 9213: 9201: 9162: 9052: 9011: 8993: 8858: 8691:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 91–92. 5620:made of iron, down to the elaborate fine 5232:; with his wife, Raja Amnah, a member of 4126:Labu Tela, Labu Kepala, Labu Gelugor Tela 3646:The early Malay communities were largely 3489:Perhiasan Sekalian Orang yang Mengesakan; 3463:of the middle-east, the notable works of 3344:and its central subjects are traditional 2190:was cultivated by 1906, when the Siamese 961:dated 1347 CE. The term was used by 645:, historically linked to the pre-Islamic 16570: 16480: 14241: 13868: 13587:, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 13507:Soares, Pedro; et al. (June 2008). 13413:(1). University Malaysia Sarawak: 35–44. 13332: 13312: 13158:. Singapore: NUS Press. pp. 65–73. 13082:Noor, Farish Ahmad; Khoo, Eddin (2003), 13081: 13000:, Singapore: Books for Libraries Press, 12917: 12752:Miksic, John N.; Goh, Geok Yian (2017), 12578: 11892: 11795: 11378:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 11355:(MSc). Universiti Malaya. Archived from 11004: 11002: 11000: 10998: 10996: 10994: 10992: 10990: 10988: 10956: 10234: 10196:Mohamad Tajuddin Haji Mohamad Rasdi 2005 10184:Mohamad Tajuddin Haji Mohamad Rasdi 2005 10034: 10006: 10004: 9623: 9548: 9435: 9387: 9174: 9100: 9098: 9096: 8644: 8475: 7898:, racial prejudice against ethnic Malays 6279: 6042: 5781: 5703: 5542: 5434: 5215: 5116: 4936: 4650: 4206: 4052: 4000: 3881: 3781: 3618: 3497: 3279: 3009: 2780: 2663: 2480: 2316:Tuan Lebeh (seated, in the middle), the 2311: 1995: 1893:. The empire broadened its influence in 1856: 1748: 1630: 1431: 1292: 1131: 1035:An illustration of a Malay couple, from 652: 633: 303: 14139: 14031: 13988: 13886: 13851: 13694: 13600: 13559: 13493:, University of New South Wales Press, 13488: 13212: 12990: 12954: 12938: 12861:, Pendeta Discovery Universiti Malaya, 12651: 12630:Marzuki bin Haji Mohd Seruddin (2009), 12600:Majlis Kebudayaan Negeri Kedah (1986), 12560: 12542: 12361: 12220:. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia: 63–94. 11960: 11915:Far East and Australasia (34th edition) 11846: 11774: 11757: 11728:The Indianized states of Southeast Asia 11663: 11518: 11349:Amin, Tarek Abd El-Hamid Ahmed (1995). 11254:New terrains in Southeast Asian history 11060: 11014: 10979: 10863: 10839: 10769: 10634: 10465: 10351: 10123: 10102: 9868: 9756: 9744: 9732: 9720: 9513: 9471: 9405: 9363: 9273: 9261: 9181:. Oxford University Press. p. 27. 9175:Aljunied, Syed Muhd. Khairudin (2019). 8942: 8830: 8818: 8723:For the dating of the manuscripts, see 8660: 8620: 8566: 8511: 8415: 8364: 8301: 8010: 6676:Jambi Malays (Eastern Sumatran Malays) 6167:still retain parts of their indigenous 5504:of Malacca is one of the most renowned 3317:to the minister, from the judge to the 2241:in 1826 and became the crown colony of 17352: 16752: 13953: 13925: 13912:, Heinemann Educational Books (Asia), 13452: 13172: 12760: 12736:Utusan Publications & Distributors 12687: 12533: 12325: 12285: 12200: 12187:, London: Cambridge University Press, 12180: 12115:from the original on 16 September 2017 12000:The Malay Shadow Play: An Introduction 11978: 11930: 11849:Weapons and fighting arts of Indonesia 11828:New interest in an older Lembah Bujang 11613:, New York: I.B Tauris & Co. Ltd, 11608: 11506:from the original on 25 September 2022 11252:Abu Talib Ahmad; Tan, Liok Ee (2003), 11043: 11037: 11008: 10875: 10827: 10726:"Kris, more than just a simple dagger" 10646: 10538: 10046: 9689: 9560: 9411: 9375: 9178:Islam in Malaysia: An Entwined History 9041:Human Population Genetics and Genomics 8684: 8672: 8632: 8538: 8499: 8487: 8352: 8340: 8328: 8286: 8258:from the original on 23 September 2017 8112:"Census of Population 2020|Population" 6206:, which are still extensively used in 5315:ceremony, a purifying bath during the 5197:holidays usually commenced during the 5105:tucked into the front fold of sarong. 2981:. The federation was reconstituted as 1788:dating from the 14th century found in 1608:, a Malay prince of Palembang origin, 17012: 16726: 15707: 14526: 14354: 14160:Bilingualism: beyond basic principles 13775:from the original on 24 February 2021 13746:from the original on 26 November 2020 13669: 13621:The Malays, their problems and future 13287: 13244: 13190: 13102:Early civilizations of Southeast Asia 12977:, Singapore: Editions Didier Millet, 12972: 12899: 12565:, New York: Oxford University Press, 12445:James, Michael (1994), "Black Belt", 12444: 12254:, London: Edward Elgar Publications, 12237:from the original on 22 December 2018 12214:Wacana Seni Journal of Arts Discourse 12054: 12036: 11899:, New York: Oxford University Press, 11824: 11809:The great Indian corridor in the east 11721: 11703: 11626: 11591:Brown, Keith; Ogilvie, Sarah (2009), 11171:Amanah Khairat Yayasan Melayu Sarawak 10985: 10696: 10610: 10574: 10417: 10307:from the original on 21 November 2017 10001: 9792: 9701: 9572: 9495: 9285: 9237: 9150: 9116: 9093: 9087: 8930: 8773: 8771: 8451: 8439: 8232:from the original on 27 December 1996 5340:courts of their respective kingdoms. 5025:religious doctrine, as flaunting the 4195:, usually for aesthetic purposes and 3802:Various cultural influences, notably 3483:The Drink of All the Passionate) and 2964:Two years later the semi independent 1413:much admixture from previous groups. 1157: 14018:, Singapore: Asiapac Books Pte Ltd, 13907: 13871:Shaman Saiva and Sufi (2008 edition) 13724:Tirtosudarmo, Riwanto (March 2005). 13417: 13407:CREAM - Current Research in Malaysia 13404: 13369: 13351: 13275:from the original on 4 December 2020 13141:from the original on 16 January 2023 13056: 12887:from the original on 1 December 2017 12827:from the original on 9 December 2019 12415:from the original on 1 December 2017 12148: 12127: 11948: 11806: 11745:from the original on 23 January 2023 11645: 11572: 11485: 11348: 11269: 11256:, Singapore: Ohio University press, 11158: 10754: 10280: 10268: 9966: 9948:from the original on 3 December 2017 9912: 9885: 9840:"Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو)" 9780: 9611: 9587: 9034: 8954: 8800:from the original on 16 October 2022 8744: 8608: 8463: 8427: 8376: 6332:Regions with significant population 6257: 6032: 5165:(lit "the Great Day") observance of 4932: 3934:structure. They have pitched roofs, 3584:Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan 2659: 1252:are their descendants), then to the 716:, while in reality it flowed to the 118:Regions with significant populations 14228: 14061:"Genetic 'map' of Asia's diversity" 13654: 13636: 13356:, London: Oxford University Press, 13354:A History of Malaysia and Singapore 13117: 13059:"Keris masih simbol paling penting" 12941:Kuntala, Sriwijaya Dan Suwarnabhumi 12874: 12386: 11375:Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity 11327: 11114:Majlis Kebudayaan Negeri Kedah 1986 10950: 10851: 10724:Tantri Yuliandini (18 April 2002). 10478:Marzuki bin Haji Mohd Seruddin 2009 9599: 9507: 9129:from the original on 2 October 2012 9035:Yang, Melinda A. (6 January 2022). 8882: 8842: 8590:from the original on 27 August 2010 8200:from the original on 3 January 2023 7769:Benua Tamiang Sultanate (1330–1528) 6151: 6025:) as defense mechanisms during the 5014:Philippines, Myanmar and Thailand. 3510:) that narrated the heroic tale of 2853:United Malays National Organisation 2744:, later reconstituted as Malaysia. 1624:, headed north and established the 1421: 1370: 1260:(roughly 4,500 years ago) (today's 13: 14250:], Moscow: Vostochnaya Kniga, 14162:, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 14052: 13475:, Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 13253:[Chapter Two: South Thailand, 13233:from the original on 31 March 2023 12429:History of Modern Malay Literature 12169:from the original on 31 March 2023 11913:Europa Publications Staff (2002), 11692:from the original on 3 August 2020 11559:, vol. 5, London: Routledge, 8808:– via Journalarticle.ukm.my. 8768: 8758:"Orang Asli Population Statistics" 8705:from the original on 31 March 2023 8532: 8379:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 8092:from the original on 20 April 2015 7576:Kuntu Kampar Sultanate (1234–1933) 6448:Gunung Tabur Sultanate (1810–1945) 6194:In addition to naming system, the 6136:The Malays also have a variant of 5359:(for thanksgiving and gratitude), 4646: 3919:(reigned 1458–1477). According to 3890:palatial residence as seen in the 2929:and other Malay principalities in 2102:and later annexed a large part of 1399:-associated ancestry, spread into 1168:Homeland of Austronesian languages 670:, the hill recorded the advent of 14: 17456: 13991:"Keris jiwa Melayu dan Nusantara" 13683:from the original on 5 March 2016 13566:The Encyclopedia of World History 13300:from the original on 27 July 2018 13288:Razak, Aidila (24 January 2012). 12997:Studies in the science of society 12330:, New Delhi: Manak Publications, 11418:Sejarah Perjuangan Melayu Pattani 11298:from the original on 15 June 2012 10207: 9925:Jaaffar, Hussain & Ahmad 1992 9850:from the original on 26 June 2019 9530:from the original on 21 July 2015 5423:is gradually superseded by hired- 5053:(a type of a long sleeve shirt), 3714:. Among these traditions was the 3594:Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Mekah 3481:Minuman Segala Orang yang Berahi; 1897:by defeating Datu Gambang of the 1741:Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia 1601:means "war against the Malays"). 1499:began to spread across the land. 1389:East- and Southeast Asian lineage 1288: 16779:Peranakan / Straits-Born Chinese 14338: 14326: 14314: 14302: 14290: 13852:Winarno, Bondan (21 June 2010). 13639:The Rhetoric of Bangsa and Minzu 13316:Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei 13156:Uncovering Southeast Asia's Past 13100:O'Reilly, Dougald J. W. (2007), 13086:, Singapore: Periplus Editions, 12857:Mohd. Zamberi A. Malek. (1994), 12616:, New York: Marshall Cavendish, 12604:, Majlis Kebudayaan Negeri Kedah 11541:, University of Michigan Press, 11328:Ali, Tongkat (1 February 2010). 11077: 10807: 10675:from the original on 19 May 2018 10483: 10399:from the original on 11 May 2015 10381: 10297:"Malaysian Handicraft – Pottery" 10240: 10201: 10064: 9960: 9930: 9832: 9810: 9663:He, Galligan & Inoguchi 2007 9069:from the original on 16 May 2022 8787:Journal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 7872: 7816: 7777: 7766:Bukit Karang Kingdom (1023–1330) 7745: 7711: 7679: 7659:Samarahan Kingdom (13th century) 7636: 7624: 7611: 7599: 7553: 7513: 7501: 7489: 7477: 7465: 7454: 7443: 7432: 7361: 7321: 7269: 7217: 7204: 7191: 7179: 7167: 7154: 7141: 7089: 7058: 7032: 6990: 6978: 6967: 6954: 6942: 6930: 6918: 6845: 6807: 6794: 6782: 6770: 6757: 6744: 6704: 6649: 6636: 6624: 6612: 6599: 6586: 6535: 6523: 6511: 6498: 6459: 6451:Sambaliung Sultanate (1810–1945) 6422: 6399: 6384: 6369: 6345: 6308:, continues with the country of 6198:also has an elaborate system of 5538: 4766:where stories from Hindu epics; 3650:, believing in the existence of 3624:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 3527:Sultan Alauddin Riaayat Shah III 3120:("Low Malay") as opposed to the 3083:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language 1044: 1028: 1013: 913:– mentioned in the chronicle of 327: 17365:Ethnic groups in Southeast Asia 14032:Ziegler, Oswald Leopol (1972), 13929:The New York Times Almanac 2001 13869:Winstedt, Richard Olaf (1925), 13820:, New York: Tuttle Publishing, 13513:Molecular Biology and Evolution 13453:Sarkar, Himansu Bhusan (1970), 13257:Narathiwat and Study Area] 13173:Othman, Mohd. Aris Hj. (1983), 12813:Mohamed Anwar Omar Din (2011), 12636:, Pelita Brunei, archived from 12563:Southeast Asia in world history 12481:Thai art with Indian influences 12308:; Roberts, Paul Ernest (2010), 12203:"A Study on the Development of 12181:Harper, Timothy Norman (2001), 12059:, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO Inc, 11758:Colling, Patricia, ed. (1973), 11650:, Singapore: SNP Publications, 11454:"Pusaka, Rahsia Dan Dzat Keris" 11312:Malaysia Brunei & Singapore 11180: 10497:. 20 April 2009. Archived from 10210:"Malay Vernacular Architecture" 9168: 9110: 9028: 8960: 8750: 8717: 8678: 8572: 8517: 8370: 8270: 8244: 8182: 8156: 8130: 8121: 7656:Santubong Kingdom (7th century) 7585:Pelalawan Sultanate (1791–1946) 7579:Indragiri Sultanate (1298–1945) 6886:(Kedah Tua) (7th– 12th century) 6292:, the Malay people inhabit the 6104:which usually played after the 5430: 4085:. It is perceived as a work of 3771: 3377:Hikayat Awang Sulung Merah Muda 2823:were originally represented by 2704:Early Malay nationalism in Riau 1913:, setting up the Muslim Rajah, 1734: 1667:(1230–1263) managed to capture 1164:History of Austronesian peoples 1089:('Malay ways') was used in the 769:", is described in chapter 48, 16988:Immigrant workers in Singapore 14265:"Sejarah Orang Melayu Sarawak" 14036:, Oswald Ziegler Enterprises, 13854:"Gulai Ketam, Asam-Asam Pedas" 13734:in the 'Lands Below the Winds' 13546:, Singapore: Sahitya Academy, 13319:, Lonely Planet publications, 13251:Narathiwat dan Kawasan Kajian" 13175:The dynamics of Malay identity 12821:Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 12652:Matusky, Patricia Ann (1993), 12465:, Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit UTM, 12373:, Asian Educational Services, 11731:. University of Hawaii Press. 11438:, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 11416:Anuar Nik Mahmud, Nik (1999), 10136:Van Beek & Invernizzi 1999 9769:Van der Putten & Cody 2009 9424:Europa Publications Staff 2002 9352:Abu Talib Ahmad & Tan 2003 8367:, pp. 7, 32, 33 & 43. 8104: 8074: 8044: 7986: 7971: 7958: 7949: 7846:Mempawah Sultanate (1740–1950) 7665:Banting Kingdom (16th century) 7662:Saribas Kingdom (15th century) 6566:Mempawah Sultanate (1740–1950) 5327:tradition before Ramadan; and 5284:, the first revelation of the 4827:dance from Malacca Sultanate, 3798:, who ruled from 1458 to 1477. 3634:. The wealthy kingdom adopted 3256:. After the arrival of Islam, 2937:" of 1946 orchestrated by the 2474:or railway network across the 2374:North Borneo Chartered Company 1992:Colonisation by foreign powers 1681:Sadayavarman Sundara Pandyan I 1387:lineage (sometimes termed as ' 1334:Expansion from Sundaland model 973:Other suggestions include the 732:, a combination of the verbal 1: 17425:Ethnic groups in Saudi Arabia 17370:Ethnoreligious groups in Asia 14034:The world and south east Asia 13958:, Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 12519:, Brill Academic Publishers, 12479:Jermsawatdi, Promsak (1989), 12272:, Rotterdam: 010 Publishers, 11998:Ghulam Sarwar Yousof (1997), 11802:. London: Bradbury and Evans. 10491:"Seni Bermukun Semakin Malap" 8252:"Census Profile, 2016 Census" 8138:"Jejak Melayu di bumi anbiya" 8003: 7925:, the national philosophy of 7858:Sintang Sultanate (1365–1950) 7855:Sanggau Sultanate (1310–1960) 7415:Nong Chik Kingdom (1809–1902) 7385:(1st Millennium–15th century) 7383:Negara Sri Dharmaraja Kingdom 6189:Mohd Zaquan Adha Abdul Radzak 6187:footballer has the full name 5276:observance, a special day of 3996: 3442:Middle Eastern literary works 3275: 2985:with the addition in 1963 of 2945:and the Islamists' vision of 2839:in 1951. The third group was 2811:Sultan Idris Training College 2722:Indonesian National Awakening 2106:. Earlier, the Siamese under 1816:brought with it together the 1707:and the establishment of the 1569:, as well as the rest of the 1144:type, worn together with the 927:..Animosity occurred between 130: 108: 17440:Muslim ethnoreligious groups 16392:Peranakan Eropah (including 14203:10.1371/journal.pone.0018312 13544:Asian variations in Ramayana 13247:"Bab Dua: Selatan Thailand, 12923:The culture and art of India 12545:Identity in Asian literature 11519:Barnard, Timothy P. (2004), 11274:, Sri Satguru Publications, 9484:Mohd. Zamberi A. Malek. 1994 8020:. Malaymail. 17 January 2022 7024:Jembal Sultanate (1638–1720) 6179:as marks of their religion. 5945:("A hold", smaller than the 5603:) as a symbol of allegiance. 5186:(Abraham) under the name of 5085:); for the aristocrats, the 4687:to the complicated moves in 3473:Rahsia Orang yang Bijaksana; 3434:Terengganu Inscription Stone 3356:(storytellers) for example: 2939:Communist Party of Indonesia 2897:Since the foundation of the 2833:Partai Orang Muslimin Malaya 2221:from the Dutch, followed by 2067:in 1528 to succeed Malacca. 1848:Siak Sri Indrapura Sultanate 1786:Terengganu Inscription Stone 1651:, would later establish the 1268:and others progressing into 1101:for "to speak of Malacca"). 1005:As an ethnic name (ethnonym) 639:Muaro Jambi Temple Compounds 629: 462:-speaking Austronesians and 7: 14229:Loh, Arnold (21 May 2016). 13457:, Calcutta: Punthi Pustak, 13271:] (Thesis) (in Malay). 12973:Munoz, Paul Michel (2006), 12902:West Malaysia and Singapore 12875:Mok, Opalyn (9 June 2017). 12859:Patani dalam tamadun Melayu 12781:Singapore Facts and Figures 12656:, Oxford University Press, 11896:The Oxford History of Islam 11537:Barrington, Lowell (2006), 11452:Angahsunan (16 July 2017). 11189:Abd. Rahman Ismail (2008), 11072:Joseph & Najmabadi 2006 10816:7 Kelas Senjata Alam Melayu 10248:"For Sale – CountryHeights" 9400:Mohamed Anwar Omar Din 2011 8225:United States Census Bureau 7889: 7837:Matam Sultanate (1590–1948) 7582:Rokan Sultanate (1569–1940) 7421:Teluban Kingdom (1817–1902) 7131:Chiefdom of Negeri Sembilan 7108:Assimilated Malay group of 6723:Assimilated Malay group of 6556:Assimilated Malay group of 6445:Berau Sultanate (1377–1830) 6337:Bangka and Belitung Malays 5699: 5553:National Museum of Malaysia 4747:), and sometimes a knobbed 3608: 3397:(a free translation of the 3005: 2845:Malay College Kuala Kangsar 2627:British colonial government 2437:its colonies in the Pacific 2265:in administration, and the 1925:. However, states like the 1803:, had become the centre of 1723:development of the related 1524:Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom 1355:at the end of the Ice Age. 1083:Magellan's circumnavigation 852:(Palembang)". In the later 312:embodies the philosophy of 10: 17461: 17420:Ethnic groups in Singapore 17395:Ethnic groups in Indonesia 14554:Ethnic groups in Indonesia 13938:The New York Times Company 13788:Umaiyah Haji Omar (2003), 13759:Umaiyah Haji Omar (2007). 13489:Sneddon, James N. (2003), 13471:Sheikh Shamsuddin (2005), 13352:Ryan, Neil Joseph (1976), 12839:Mohd Fauzi Yaacob (2009), 12561:Lockard, Craig A. (2009), 12286:Herwig, Holger H. (1980). 12133:History of South East Asia 12129:Hall, Daniel George Edward 11893:Esposito, John L. (1999), 11704:Clyne, Michael G. (1992), 11314:, New Holland Publishers, 11270:Ahir, Diwan Chand (1995), 9967:Musa, Mohd Faizal (2021). 8580:"Chronicle of Mongol Yuan" 7937:Malay units of measurement 7830: 7790: 7759: 7725: 7693: 7649: 7567: 7527: 7424:Jering Kingdom (1817–1902) 7375: 7335: 7283: 7231: 7103: 7071: 7046: 7003: 6859: 6821: 6718: 6674: 6663: 6549: 6472: 6436: 6412: 6359: 6335: 6276:Filipinos of Malay descent 6261: 6220:Prime Minister of Malaysia 6155: 6036: 5881:, with the Malay forms of 5715: 5446: 5113:Festivals and celebrations 5101:(Malay warrior) to have a 4947: 4225: 4202: 4048: 3775: 3612: 3372:Hikayat Anggun Cik Tunggal 3302: 3031: 3025: 3000: 2979:peaceful transfer of power 2697: 2687: 2674:Ta' Melayu Hilang Di-Dunia 2389:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 2110:have had already absorbed 2036:, to regional powers like 2004:in 1867, predominantly of 2000:The reigning elite of the 1738: 1425: 1416: 1313:The Deutero-Malays are an 1161: 1127: 18: 17288: 17216: 17066: 17057: 17046: 16983: 16963: 16880: 16871: 16799: 16769: 16760: 16604: 16586: 16506: 16421: 16378: 16250: 16143: 15995: 15982: 15861: 15778: 15763: 15752: 15741: 15735:Ethnic groups in Malaysia 15574: 15478: 15361: 15223: 15108: 14898: 14814: 14571: 14560: 14496: 14475: 14445: 14397: 14388: 13641:, Monash Asia Institute, 13583:Suryadinata, Leo (2000), 13418:Said, Ismail (May 2005). 13213:Pearson, Michael (2015), 13104:, Rowman Altamira Press, 12543:Littrup, Lisbeth (1996), 12447:Black Belt. Buyer's Guide 12055:Green, Thomas A. (2001), 11847:Draeger, Donn F. (1992), 11664:Chihara, Daigorō (1996), 11609:Burgat, François (2003), 11486:Baer, A. S. (Fall 1999). 11310:Alexander, James (2006), 11288:Ahmad Salehuddin (2009), 11126:Halimi & Pitchai 2016 10454:Ghulam Sarwar Yousof 1997 9448:Hunter & Roberts 2010 8725:Malay Concordance Project 8391:10.1017/S0022463401000157 7418:Jalur Kingdom (1817–1902) 7412:Legeh Kingdom (1755–1902) 7234:Northeast Sumatran Malays 6242:has the full regnal name 6108:season. A great skill of 4719:music became part of the 4426:; Palembangese Malays of 4291:for their northern-style 4212:Itik Masak Lomak Cili Api 4199:, a small water storage. 4077:Under the Malay culture, 3871:valley, an area known as 3502:A Kelantan-Patani styled 3475:The Secret of the Wise), 3447:Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiah 3285:Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa 3016:Kedukan Bukit Inscription 2837:Pan-Malayan Islamic Party 2700:South Thailand insurgency 2491:British colonial officers 1685:history of Southeast Asia 1665:Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja 1348:Human Genome Organisation 1118:Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa 925:. The chronicle stated: " 744:As a place name (toponym) 682:The epic literature, the 372: 296: 288: 283: 275: 270: 263: 258: 250: 242: 232: 224: 216: 206: 196: 186: 173: 163: 150: 137: 122: 117: 107: 102: 54: 46: 40: 16:Austronesian ethnic group 17430:Ethnic groups in Morocco 17410:Ethnic groups in Sarawak 17405:Ethnic groups in Sumatra 17400:Ethnic groups in Lebanon 16993:Immigration to Singapore 15808:Negeri Sembilanese Malay 14016:Gateway to Malay culture 13791:The Assimilation of the 13313:Richmond, Simon (2007), 13245:Ramli, Rashahar (1999). 13198:. Munshiram Manoharlal. 12939:Muljana, Slamet (1981), 12761:Milner, Anthony (2010), 12670:Maznah Mohammad (1996), 12586:, Kessinger publishing, 12483:, Abhinav Publications, 12461:Jamil Abu Bakar (2002), 12449:, Rainbow Publications, 12149:Hall, Thomas D. (2017), 12037:Gopal, Lallanji (2000), 11825:Devan, Subhadra (2010), 11393:Anderbeck, Karl (2002). 10915:Yunos & Begawan 2011 10097:Henket & Heynen 2002 10059:Bolton & Hutton 2000 9805:Brown & Ogilvie 2009 9460:Andaya & Andaya 1984 9328:Andaya & Andaya 1984 9226:Ministry of Culture 1973 9204:, p. 359, 397, 398. 8685:Milner, Anthony (2011). 8404:Melebek & Moain 2006 7942: 5899:, referred to the Malay 5757:Keris Perjuangan Dirinya 5692:for the classical Malay 5427:services by the family. 3561:Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir 3550:Kitab Pengetahuan Bahasa 3201:exist. For example, the 2672:with his renowned quote 2561:and the principality of 2382:Dutch East India Company 2295:Unfederated Malay States 2293:, later became known as 2055:the capital city of the 1065:The word "Melayu" as an 525:of the Malay as a major 418:), the southern part of 85:, while the bride wears 17435:Maritime Southeast Asia 17385:Ethnic groups in Brunei 15876:Christmas Island Malays 15619:Bangka Belitung Chinese 14382:Ethnic groups in Brunei 14242:Pogadaev, V.A. (2012), 13954:Wright, Thomas (2004), 13888:Wolters, Oliver William 13619:Syed Husin Ali (2008), 13333:Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). 12688:McNair, Sylvia (2002), 12501:, New York: Routledge, 12499:Islam in world politics 12346:Islam in Southeast Asia 12344:Hussin Mutalib (2008), 12201:Hassan, Hanisa (2016). 12041:, Motilal Banarsidass, 11980:Gerini, Gerolamo Emilio 11961:Ganguly, Šumit (1997), 11951:Popular Science Monthly 11811:, Mittal Publications, 11796:Crawfurd, John (1856). 11631:. Hilversum: Verloren. 11229:10.1126/science.1177074 10814:Kerawang Merah (2017), 10599:Abd. Rahman Ismail 2008 10430:Marshall Cavendish 2007 10376:Marshall Cavendish 2007 10112:Marshall Cavendish 2007 10072:"The Malay of Malaysia" 10023:Johns & Lahoud 2005 9901:Marshall Cavendish 2007 9301:Marshall Cavendish 2007 9054:10.47248/hpgg2202010001 8995:10.1073/pnas.2026132118 8343:, p. 10 & 185. 8086:World Population Review 7902:Ghosts in Malay culture 7832:West Kalimantan Malays 7643:Lima Puluh Kota Regency 7311:Modern Pahang Sultanate 6353:Bangka Belitung Islands 6162:Malay styles and titles 5069:worn around the waist, 4875:dance from Terengganu, 4735:(double-headed drums), 4679:to the Arab-influenced 4659:dancers performing the 3930:are built using simple 3523:Sir Richard O. Winstedt 3085:spoken by the earliest 2197:In 1786, the island of 2154:and similarly obtained 1401:Maritime Southeast Asia 1393:Mainland Southeast Asia 1176:(aboriginal Malays) or 1091:maritime Southeast Asia 1039:, between 1669 and 1682 899:Padang Roco Inscription 456:Maritime Southeast Asia 408:Bangka Belitung Islands 17415:Ethnic groups in Sabah 17390:Ethnic groups in Egypt 17040:Ethnic groups in Sabah 14140:Collins, Alan (2003), 13908:Wong, Hoy Kee (1973), 13873:, London: BiblioLife, 13601:Sweeney, Amin (1987), 12754:Ancient Southeast Asia 12708:Melayu Online (2005), 12584:Through Central Borneo 12405:Irma Musliana (2016), 12326:Husain, M. G. (2007), 12306:Hunter, William Wilson 12073:Gulrose Karim (1990), 11931:Farrer, D. S. (2009), 11682:Cikgu Paklong (2017), 11646:Chew, Melanie (1999), 10939:Umaiyah Haji Omar 2007 10927:Umaiyah Haji Omar 2003 10623:Sheikh Shamsuddin 2005 10252:The Art of Living Show 9824:. 2008. Archived from 9340:Mohd Fauzi Yaacob 2009 9252:, p. 8 & 126. 9119:"Early Malay kingdoms" 8304:, pp. 7 & 60. 8190:"Australia – Ancestry" 7979: 7923:Malay Islamic Monarchy 6316:and continues down to 6290:Indonesian Archipelago 6285: 6097:Other popular game is 6056: 5816: 5713: 5604: 5444: 5443:performance on a stage 5241: 5138: 5061:(button), a small leg 5031:Mansur Shah of Malacca 4945: 4672: 4572:, rice cooked in rich 4223: 4191:, a traditional Malay 4074: 4017: 3917:Mansur Shah of Malacca 3895: 3799: 3684:(to enter Malayness). 3643: 3640:Malay Islamic Monarchy 3615:Malay Islamic identity 3514: 3416:Hikayat Panca Tanderan 3300: 3295:and the foundation of 3023: 2798: 2685: 2605:Tunku Baharuddin, the 2510: 2507:Federated Malay States 2358:Philippine Archipelago 2345: 2332:in 1899. The State of 2267:Federated Malay States 2013: 1891:Philippine Archipelago 1866: 1865:framework until today. 1758: 1656: 1464: 1437:Chedi Phra Borommathat 1377:Insular Southeast Asia 1310: 1180:(ancient Malays), the 1154: 959:Amoghapasa inscription 921:, during the reign of 869:) and Wú-laī-yû (無来由). 860:(1368–1644), the word 690: 679: 650: 585:Indonesian archipelago 402:(eastern and southern 364: 319: 16824:Ceylonese/Sri Lankans 14097:Yang di-Pertuan Agong 13926:Wright, John (2007), 13637:Tan, Liok Ee (1988), 13526:10.1093/molbev/msn068 13370:Said, Ismail (2002). 13192:Pande, Govind Chandra 12992:Murdock, George Peter 12925:, Coronet Books Inc, 12900:Moore, Wendy (1998), 12534:Leyden, John (1821), 11851:, Tuttle Publishing, 11831:, NST, archived from 11708:, De Gruyter Mouton, 11436:A History of Malaysia 11147:Anuar Nik Mahmud 1999 11040:, pp. 16, 33, 34 10669:Go2Travelmalaysia.com 10523:Ahmad Salehuddin 2009 10301:Go2Travelmalaysia.com 9214:Miksic & Goh 2017 9202:Miksic & Goh 2017 9163:Miksic & Goh 2017 8731:9 August 2022 at the 8254:. Statistics Canada. 7589:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 7305:Modern Pahang Kingdom 6576:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 6283: 6246:, while the reigning 6236:Yang di-Pertuan Agong 6092:Southeast Asian Games 6051:-maker's workshop in 6046: 5961:in the category) and 5806:Malay Heritage Museum 5802:Muzium Warisan Melayu 5785: 5707: 5668:(cloud patterns) and 5546: 5473:and coastal areas of 5438: 5219: 5120: 5093:(a type of coat) and 4940: 4897:narrative songs from 4654: 4210: 4056: 4004: 3885: 3785: 3698:(also referred as re- 3622: 3501: 3406:Hikayat Bayan Budiman 3283: 3013: 2989:(separated in 1965), 2899:Republic of Indonesia 2795:achieved independence 2784: 2667: 2583:Federated Malay State 2484: 2336:was abolished by the 2315: 2305:were occupied by the 2269:was formed. In 1909, 2002:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 1999: 1927:kingdom of Pangasinan 1860: 1852:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 1752: 1739:Further information: 1634: 1435: 1426:Further information: 1296: 1162:Further information: 1135: 656: 637: 307: 284:Related ethnic groups 17445:Austronesian peoples 16774:Chinese Singaporeans 16646:China/Taiwan Chinese 14014:Zaki Ragman (2003), 13817:The arts of Thailand 13802:on 18 September 2012 13697:Current Anthropology 12919:Mukerjee, Radhakamal 12694:, Children's Press, 12580:Lumholtz, Carl Sofus 12227:10.21315/ws2016.15.3 12002:, The Asian Centre, 11807:Deka, Phani (2007), 11595:, Elsevier Science, 11573:Boyd, Kelly (1999), 11477:Azmi Arifin (2015), 11464:on 23 September 2017 11359:on 25 September 2022 11085:"Mempawah Sultanate" 10563:Maznah Mohammad 1996 10551:Maznah Mohammad 1996 10235:Noor & Khoo 2003 10172:Jamil Abu Bakar 2002 8871:Jamil Abu Bakar 2002 8331:, pp. 200, 232. 8170:on 15 September 2018 8144:on 15 September 2018 8052:"Ethnic Group (eng)" 7913:List of Malay people 7896:Anti-Malay sentiment 7800:Terengganu Sultanate 7784:Aceh Tamiang Regency 7735:Kingdom of Singapura 7539:(2nd – 11th century) 7299:Old Pahang Sultanate 6997:Tanintharyi Division 6250:officially known as 6214:. By applying these 6140:board game known as 5800:gun as displayed in 5796:, a classical Malay 5421:Rewang/Gotong-Royong 3888:Setul Mambang Segara 3743:Hari Raya Aidilfitri 3676:ethnoreligious group 3597:(a narrative of his 3581:(an autobiography), 3122:Bahasa Melayu tinggi 3118:Bahasa Melayu rendah 3116:("Bazaar Malay") or 2975:Federation of Malaya 2966:Federation of Malaya 2954:Conference of Rulers 2807:Kesatuan Melayu Muda 2805:were represented by 2774:(1939). The rise of 2742:Federation of Malaya 2591:southern territories 2449:Behn, Meyer & Co 2338:Rattanakosin Kingdom 2229:by 1874 and finally 1935:Kedatuan of Madja-as 1889:, north towards the 1699:, the foundation of 1691:prince to reign the 1614:Kingdom of Singapura 1319:Austronesian peoples 1250:Taiwanese aborigines 1136:A group of men from 1095:al parlare de Malaea 889:archaeological site. 793:– a location in the 527:ethnoreligious group 380:ethnoreligious group 291:Austronesian peoples 16873:Foreign ethnicities 16791:Indian Singaporeans 16606:Foreign ethnicities 15989:Indigenous peoples) 14194:2011PLoSO...618312H 14067:. 11 December 2009. 12765:, Wiley-Blackwell, 12756:, London: Routledge 11221:2009Sci...326.1541. 11215:(5959): 1541–1545. 10953:, pp. 151–152. 10501:on 6 September 2012 10011:Syed Husin Ali 2008 9986:10.3390/rel12030219 9828:on 29 October 2012. 9626:, pp. 163–164. 9313:Hussin Mutalib 2008 9240:, pp. 245–246. 8986:2021PNAS..11826132L 8980:(13): e2026132118. 8919:Soares, et al. 2008 8907:Abdulla et al. 2009 8635:, pp. 364–365. 7862:Tanjungpura Kingdom 7841:Pontianak Sultanate 7793:Terengganuan Malays 7695:Selangorean Malays 7351:Palembang Sultanate 6902:Kubang Pasu Kingdom 6734:Palembang Sultanate 5915:("An arm", a large 5678:decorative purposes 5129:(the 27th night of 5027:intimate body parts 4923:Zapin Api firedance 4915:Serampang Dua Belas 4595:Another example is 4130:Labu Gelugor Kepala 4038:Islamic calligraphy 4006:Burung Petala Indra 3832:(now a province in 3764:. It is considered 3749:Hari Raya Aidiladha 3636:Melayu Islam Beraja 3453:Hikayat Amir Hamzah 3385:Sanskrit literature 3364:Hikayat Malim Deman 3241:, and many others. 3192:Indonesian language 3165:Spanish East Indies 3155:describe Malay as " 3114:Bahasa Melayu pasar 2813:, with an ideal of 2791:Straits Settlements 2646:Pontianak incidents 2403:became part of the 2239:Straits Settlements 2010:colonial government 1986:Pontianak Sultanate 1966:Palembang Sultanate 1709:Tanjungpura Kingdom 1595:Pamalayu expedition 1471:voyages across the 1445:Nakhon Si Thammarat 1360:Stephen Oppenheimer 879:Tanjore inscription 877:– mentioned in the 756:region in general. 531:culinary traditions 488:Nakhon Si Thammarat 37: 16786:Malay Singaporeans 16754:Singaporean people 16547:Indians in Sarawak 15838:Terengganuan Malay 14001:on 1 December 2017 13437:10.3130/jaabe.4.17 13069:on 1 December 2017 12718:on 21 October 2012 12610:Marshall Cavendish 12252:Federalism in Asia 11835:on 1 December 2012 11496:Asian Perspectives 11055:Gulrose Karim 1990 10803:Irma Musliana 2016 10340:Cikgu Paklong 2017 10208:Ahmad, A. Ghafar. 10078:on 10 October 2012 9888:, pp. 379–381 9641:, pp. 133–136 9523:CIA World Factbook 8317:Melayu Online 2005 8289:, pp. 24, 33. 8228:. 5 October 2010. 8039:Ananta et al. 2015 7728:Singaporean Malays 7701:Selangor Sultanate 7651:Sarawakian Malays 7401:Singgora Sultanate 7391:(2nd–14th century) 7347:(7th–13th century) 7295:(5th century–1454) 7293:Old Pahang Kingdom 7105:Minangkabau Malays 7019:Kelantan Sultanate 7015:(1st −6th century) 7006:Kelantanese Malays 6880:(2nd–14th century) 6570:Selangor Sultanate 6484:(7th–15th century) 6406:Ayutthaya Province 6329:Historical realms 6286: 6222:has the full name 6057: 5817: 5714: 5605: 5519:Apart from Silat, 5445: 5242: 5238:Tengku Puan Indera 5224:(Crown Prince) of 5139: 5137:, Johor, Malaysia. 4946: 4673: 4224: 4155:-preparation; The 4075: 4061:, a classic Malay 4057:An ebony-coloured 4018: 3989:from the west and 3896: 3848:Wat Pra Borom That 3800: 3796:Sultan Mansur Shah 3644: 3529:of Johor in 1612, 3515: 3485:Zinat al-Muwahidin 3419:(an adaptation of 3409:(an adaptation of 3368:Hikayat Raja Donan 3359:Hikayat Malim Dewa 3301: 3223:Negeri Sembilanese 3024: 2886:but wanted to end 2855:(UMNO), to assert 2799: 2730:secession movement 2726:Pattani separatism 2718:Netherlands Indies 2686: 2511: 2497:in Istana Negara, 2441:German East Africa 2428:Alfred von Tirpitz 2391:which divided the 2346: 2203:East India Company 2122:Malay kingdoms of 2116:Singgora Sultanate 2069:Portuguese Malacca 2014: 1950:Kelantan Sultanate 1901:and by founding a 1867: 1759: 1657: 1653:Kingdom of Malacca 1575:Old Malay language 1465: 1311: 1158:Proto-Malay models 1155: 1093:, to refer to the 1037:Reise nach Batavia 1022:Códice Casanatense 680: 651: 565:become subject to 505:The advent of the 382:native to eastern 320: 35: 17344: 17343: 17311:Malaysian Indians 17296:Malaysian Chinese 17284: 17283: 17006: 17005: 16998:Race in Singapore 16979: 16978: 16867: 16866: 16720: 16719: 16582: 16581: 16502: 16501: 16472:Penangite Chinese 16417: 16416: 16374: 16373: 15978: 15977: 15833:Selangorian Malay 15798:Kelantanese Malay 15701: 15700: 14520: 14519: 14471: 14470: 14257:978-5-7873-0658-3 14169:978-1-85359-625-4 14151:978-981-230-230-4 14073:"Pakaian Tradisi" 14043:978-0-909586-03-4 14025:978-981-229-326-8 13965:978-1-4191-8573-1 13947:978-1-57958-348-4 13919:978-0-686-60339-9 13901:978-0-87727-725-5 13880:978-1-4346-8633-6 13845:978-9971-69-454-8 13827:978-962-593-262-0 13648:978-0-86746-909-7 13630:978-983-9541-62-5 13612:978-0-520-05910-8 13594:978-981-230-078-2 13576:978-0-395-65237-4 13561:Stearns, Peter N. 13553:978-81-260-1809-3 13500:978-0-86840-598-8 13482:978-1-55643-562-1 13464:978-0-19-580302-0 13363:978-0-19-580302-0 13326:978-1-74059-708-1 13205:978-81-87586-24-1 13184:978-967-942-009-8 13165:978-9971-69-351-0 13134:978-1-57607-770-2 13111:978-0-7591-0278-1 13093:978-0-7946-0103-4 13035:978-979-064-417-5 13007:978-0-8369-1157-2 12984:978-981-4155-67-0 12966:978-979-8451-62-1 12932:978-81-215-0114-9 12911:978-962-593-179-1 12850:978-967-323-132-4 12819:, Jurnal Melayu, 12806:978-983-52-0357-2 12772:978-1-4443-3903-1 12745:978-967-61-1809-7 12701:978-0-516-21009-4 12681:978-981-3016-99-6 12663:978-967-65-3048-6 12623:978-0-7614-7631-3 12593:978-1-4191-8996-8 12572:978-0-19-533811-9 12554:978-0-7007-0367-8 12526:978-90-04-12820-0 12508:978-0-415-32411-3 12490:978-81-7017-090-7 12472:978-983-52-0274-2 12438:978-983-62-2745-4 12398:978-1-4330-0444-5 12380:978-81-206-1622-6 12367:Takakusu, Junjiro 12355:978-981-230-758-3 12337:978-81-7827-165-1 12319:978-1-145-70716-0 12279:978-90-6450-483-9 12261:978-1-84720-140-9 12194:978-0-521-00465-7 12142:978-0-333-24163-9 12097:Jurnal Perspektif 12084:978-81-7827-165-1 12066:978-1-57607-150-2 12048:978-81-208-0302-2 12009:978-983-9499-02-5 11972:978-0-262-52245-8 11942:978-1-4020-9355-5 11924:978-1-85743-133-9 11906:978-0-19-510799-9 11858:978-0-8048-1716-5 11818:978-81-8324-179-3 11789:978-1-110-77685-6 11738:978-0-8248-0368-1 11715:978-3-11-012855-0 11675:978-90-04-10512-6 11657:978-981-4032-48-3 11620:978-1-86064-212-8 11602:978-0-08-087774-7 11584:978-1-884964-33-6 11566:978-0-415-24397-1 11548:978-0-472-06898-2 11530:978-9971-69-279-7 11445:978-0-333-27672-3 11385:978-981-4519-87-8 11336:on 19 August 2011 11321:978-1-86011-309-3 11281:978-81-7030-462-3 11263:978-9971-69-269-8 11200:978-983-62-9934-5 11116:, pp. 19–69. 10254:. 22 March 2011. 9678:Tirtosudarmo 2005 9653:, pp. 47–48. 9498:, pp. 35–74. 9462:, pp. 62–68. 9188:978-0-19-092519-2 8514:, p. xl–xli. 7909:(Malay Supremacy) 7887: 7886: 7669:Sarawak Sultanate 7395:Pattani Sultanate 7259:Serdang Sultanate 7253:Langkat Sultanate 7079:Malacca Sultanate 7013:Red Earth Kingdom 6310:Brunei Darussalam 6268:Indonesian Malays 6258:Sub-ethnic groups 6033:Traditional games 5788:trigger mechanism 5628:embellished with 5280:for forgiveness; 5260:, remembrance of 5230:Dutch East Indies 5127:Malam Tujuh Likur 5125:) lighted during 4933:Traditional dress 4907:Gending Sriwijaya 4855:dance drama from 4631:adopted from the 4418:ikan mas panggang 4389:; Deli Malays of 4095:foreign influence 4033:Malay Archipelago 3904:Red Earth Kingdom 3822:Candi Muaro Jambi 3818:Candi Muara Takus 3788:Malacca Sultanate 3702:) throughout the 3512:Hikayat Seri Rama 3477:Sharab al-Asyikin 3394:Hikayat Seri Rama 3293:Merong Mahawangsa 3076:Malay Archipelago 2943:Greater Indonesia 2935:Social revolution 2841:the conservatives 2816:Greater Indonesia 2776:Malay nationalism 2690:Malay nationalism 2682:Malay nationalism 2660:Malay nationalism 2632:Later during the 2519:British dominance 2493:during the first 2447:In October 1899, 2439:on one side, and 2405:Dutch East Indies 2393:Malay Archipelago 2263:British Residents 2217:, later in 1824, 2108:Ayutthaya Kingdom 2057:Malacca Sultanate 2050:Portuguese Empire 1978:Langkat Sultanate 1974:Serdang Sultanate 1931:Rajahnate of Cebu 1801:Malay Archipelago 1701:Rajahnate of Cebu 1626:Malacca Sultanate 1591:Javanese invaders 1571:Malay Archipelago 1353:rising sea levels 1190:Malay Archipelago 1138:Brunei Darussalam 1106:Hikayat Hang Tuah 1079:Antonio Pigafetta 1056:Malacca Sultanate 919:Sukhothai Kingdom 795:Golden Chersonese 754:Strait of Malacca 718:Batang Hari River 513:—the religion of 507:Malacca Sultanate 448:Brunei Darussalam 302: 301: 17452: 17264:Peninsula Malays 17064: 17063: 17033: 17026: 17019: 17010: 17009: 16878: 16877: 16767: 16766: 16747: 16740: 16733: 16724: 16723: 16576:Peranakan Chitty 16568: 16567: 16542:Indians in Sabah 16527:Penangite Indian 16478: 16477: 15993: 15992: 15853:Sarawakian Malay 15776: 15775: 15761: 15760: 15728: 15721: 15714: 15705: 15704: 14547: 14540: 14533: 14524: 14523: 14395: 14394: 14375: 14368: 14361: 14352: 14351: 14343: 14342: 14331: 14330: 14329: 14319: 14318: 14317: 14307: 14306: 14305: 14295: 14294: 14293: 14286: 14276: 14274: 14272: 14260: 14238: 14225: 14215: 14205: 14172: 14154: 14136: 14134: 14132: 14122: 14112: 14110: 14108: 14088: 14086: 14084: 14068: 14046: 14028: 14010: 14008: 14006: 13997:. Archived from 13985: 13980:. Archived from 13968: 13950: 13922: 13904: 13883: 13865: 13864:on 23 June 2010. 13860:. Archived from 13848: 13830: 13810: 13809: 13807: 13784: 13782: 13780: 13774: 13767: 13755: 13753: 13751: 13745: 13738: 13720: 13691: 13690: 13688: 13666: 13661:, archived from 13651: 13633: 13615: 13597: 13579: 13556: 13538: 13528: 13503: 13485: 13467: 13449: 13439: 13414: 13401: 13399: 13397: 13391: 13379:Jurnal Teknologi 13376: 13366: 13348: 13329: 13309: 13307: 13305: 13284: 13282: 13280: 13260: 13241: 13240: 13238: 13209: 13187: 13169: 13149: 13148: 13146: 13114: 13096: 13078: 13076: 13074: 13065:. Archived from 13053: 13052: 13050: 13044: 13038:, archived from 13027: 13010: 12987: 12969: 12951: 12935: 12914: 12896: 12894: 12892: 12871: 12853: 12835: 12834: 12832: 12809: 12791: 12775: 12757: 12748: 12726: 12725: 12723: 12714:, archived from 12704: 12684: 12666: 12648: 12647: 12645: 12640:on 5 August 2012 12626: 12605: 12596: 12575: 12557: 12539: 12529: 12511: 12493: 12475: 12457: 12441: 12423: 12422: 12420: 12401: 12383: 12358: 12340: 12322: 12301: 12297:978-0-04943023-5 12282: 12264: 12246: 12244: 12242: 12236: 12229: 12211: 12197: 12177: 12176: 12174: 12145: 12124: 12122: 12120: 12087: 12069: 12051: 12033: 12012: 11994: 11975: 11957: 11945: 11927: 11909: 11889: 11888: 11886: 11880: 11874:, archived from 11873: 11861: 11843: 11842: 11840: 11821: 11803: 11792: 11770: 11754: 11752: 11750: 11718: 11700: 11699: 11697: 11678: 11660: 11642: 11638:978-9-06550738-9 11623: 11605: 11587: 11569: 11551: 11533: 11515: 11513: 11511: 11494:. Book Reviews. 11490:Eden in the East 11482: 11473: 11471: 11469: 11460:. Archived from 11448: 11430: 11412: 11410: 11408: 11389: 11368: 11366: 11364: 11345: 11343: 11341: 11324: 11306: 11305: 11303: 11284: 11266: 11248: 11203: 11174: 11168: 11162: 11156: 11150: 11144: 11129: 11123: 11117: 11111: 11105: 11104: 11102: 11100: 11091:. Archived from 11081: 11075: 11069: 11058: 11052: 11041: 11035: 11012: 11006: 10983: 10977: 10954: 10948: 10942: 10936: 10930: 10924: 10918: 10912: 10906: 10900: 10894: 10888: 10879: 10873: 10867: 10861: 10855: 10849: 10843: 10837: 10831: 10825: 10819: 10818: 10811: 10805: 10800: 10794: 10788: 10773: 10767: 10758: 10752: 10746: 10745: 10743: 10741: 10732:. Archived from 10730:The Jakarta Post 10721: 10715: 10714: 10712: 10710: 10705:on 24 March 2018 10694: 10685: 10684: 10682: 10680: 10661: 10650: 10644: 10638: 10632: 10626: 10620: 10614: 10608: 10602: 10596: 10590: 10584: 10578: 10572: 10566: 10560: 10554: 10548: 10542: 10536: 10525: 10520: 10511: 10510: 10508: 10506: 10487: 10481: 10475: 10469: 10468:, pp. 8–11. 10463: 10457: 10451: 10445: 10439: 10433: 10427: 10421: 10415: 10409: 10408: 10406: 10404: 10385: 10379: 10373: 10367: 10361: 10355: 10349: 10343: 10337: 10331: 10329:Azmi Arifin 2015 10326: 10317: 10316: 10314: 10312: 10293: 10284: 10278: 10272: 10266: 10260: 10259: 10244: 10238: 10232: 10226: 10225: 10223: 10221: 10212:. Archived from 10205: 10199: 10193: 10187: 10181: 10175: 10169: 10163: 10157: 10151: 10148:Jermsawatdi 1989 10145: 10139: 10133: 10127: 10121: 10115: 10109: 10100: 10094: 10088: 10087: 10085: 10083: 10068: 10062: 10056: 10050: 10044: 10038: 10032: 10026: 10020: 10014: 10008: 9999: 9998: 9988: 9964: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9944:. 10 July 2016. 9934: 9928: 9922: 9916: 9910: 9904: 9898: 9889: 9883: 9872: 9866: 9860: 9859: 9857: 9855: 9836: 9830: 9829: 9814: 9808: 9802: 9796: 9790: 9784: 9778: 9772: 9766: 9760: 9754: 9748: 9742: 9736: 9730: 9724: 9718: 9705: 9699: 9693: 9687: 9681: 9675: 9666: 9660: 9654: 9648: 9642: 9639:Suryadinata 2000 9636: 9627: 9621: 9615: 9609: 9603: 9597: 9591: 9585: 9576: 9570: 9564: 9558: 9552: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9517: 9511: 9505: 9499: 9493: 9487: 9481: 9475: 9469: 9463: 9457: 9451: 9445: 9439: 9433: 9427: 9421: 9415: 9409: 9403: 9397: 9391: 9385: 9379: 9373: 9367: 9361: 9355: 9349: 9343: 9337: 9331: 9325: 9316: 9310: 9304: 9298: 9289: 9283: 9277: 9271: 9265: 9259: 9253: 9247: 9241: 9235: 9229: 9223: 9217: 9211: 9205: 9199: 9193: 9192: 9172: 9166: 9160: 9154: 9148: 9139: 9138: 9136: 9134: 9114: 9108: 9105:Zaki Ragman 2003 9102: 9091: 9085: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9074: 9056: 9032: 9026: 9025: 9015: 8997: 8964: 8958: 8952: 8946: 8940: 8934: 8928: 8922: 8916: 8910: 8904: 8898: 8895:Oppenheimer 2006 8892: 8886: 8880: 8874: 8868: 8862: 8856: 8850: 8840: 8834: 8828: 8822: 8816: 8810: 8809: 8807: 8805: 8799: 8784: 8775: 8766: 8765: 8764:on 22 July 2011. 8754: 8748: 8742: 8736: 8721: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8710: 8682: 8676: 8670: 8664: 8658: 8652: 8642: 8636: 8630: 8624: 8618: 8612: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8595: 8576: 8570: 8564: 8558: 8557: 8536: 8530: 8529: 8521: 8515: 8509: 8503: 8497: 8491: 8485: 8479: 8473: 8467: 8461: 8455: 8449: 8443: 8437: 8431: 8425: 8419: 8413: 8407: 8406:, pp. 9–10. 8401: 8395: 8394: 8374: 8368: 8362: 8356: 8350: 8344: 8338: 8332: 8326: 8320: 8314: 8305: 8299: 8290: 8284: 8278: 8274: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8248: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8237: 8216: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8186: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8166:. Archived from 8160: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8149: 8140:. Archived from 8134: 8128: 8125: 8119: 8118: 8116: 8108: 8102: 8101: 8099: 8097: 8078: 8072: 8071: 8069: 8067: 8062:on 21 April 2020 8048: 8042: 8036: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8014: 7997: 7990: 7984: 7982: 7975: 7969: 7962: 7956: 7953: 7878: 7876: 7875: 7850:Sambas Sultanate 7822: 7820: 7819: 7782: 7781: 7780: 7751: 7749: 7748: 7717: 7715: 7714: 7685: 7683: 7682: 7641: 7640: 7639: 7629: 7628: 7627: 7617: 7615: 7614: 7605: 7603: 7602: 7559: 7557: 7556: 7519: 7517: 7516: 7507: 7505: 7504: 7495: 7493: 7492: 7482: 7481: 7480: 7470: 7469: 7468: 7459: 7458: 7457: 7448: 7447: 7446: 7437: 7436: 7435: 7367: 7365: 7364: 7338:Palembang Malays 7327: 7325: 7324: 7275: 7273: 7272: 7241:Asahan Sultanate 7223: 7221: 7220: 7210: 7208: 7207: 7197: 7195: 7194: 7185: 7183: 7182: 7173: 7171: 7170: 7160: 7158: 7157: 7147: 7145: 7144: 7095: 7093: 7092: 7073:Malaccan Malays 7065:Jembrana Regency 7063: 7062: 7061: 7038: 7036: 7035: 6995: 6994: 6993: 6983: 6982: 6981: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6960: 6958: 6957: 6948: 6946: 6945: 6936: 6934: 6933: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6851: 6849: 6848: 6823:Johorean Malays 6813: 6811: 6810: 6800: 6798: 6797: 6788: 6786: 6785: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6750: 6748: 6747: 6710: 6708: 6707: 6655: 6653: 6652: 6642: 6640: 6639: 6630: 6628: 6627: 6618: 6616: 6615: 6605: 6603: 6602: 6592: 6590: 6589: 6541: 6539: 6538: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6517: 6515: 6514: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6488:Brunei Sultanate 6464: 6463: 6462: 6428: 6426: 6425: 6414:Bengkulu Malays 6404: 6403: 6402: 6389: 6388: 6387: 6374: 6373: 6372: 6351: 6349: 6348: 6323: 6322: 6264:Malaysian Malays 6248:Sultan of Brunei 6182:Malay names are 6152:Names and titles 5775:and smoked with 5361:Melenggang Perut 5333:harvest festival 5290:Israk dan Mikraj 5178:and patience in 5155:Islamic calendar 5121:Rows of Pelita ( 5073:(sandal), and a 5023:Judaeo-Christian 4821:love ballad and 4590:Nasi Hujan Panas 4327:for their spicy 4274:-based cuisine, 3991:Southern Chinese 3973:from the north, 3957:from the south, 3926:The traditional 3814:Malay kingdoms. 3578:Hikayat Abdullah 3542:medical journals 3538:Kitab Ilmu Bedil 3305:Malay literature 3112:that was called 3068:Christmas Island 2947:Islamic Republic 2849:Persatuan Melayu 2789:and two British 2472:commercial canal 2330:Kingdom of Reman 2251:Christmas Island 2120:semi-independent 2114:and overrun the 2100:Patani Sultanate 1982:Asahan Sultanate 1980:(1568–1948) and 1954:Patani Sultanate 1952:(1411–present), 1948:(1136–present), 1915:Rajah Sulaiman I 1899:Kingdom of Tondo 1846:(1470–present), 1844:Pahang Sultanate 1842:(1528–present), 1838:(1528–present), 1697:Central Thailand 1635:The timeline of 1612:established the 1422:Indian influence 1385:Basal-East Asian 1371:Genetic evidence 1048: 1032: 1017: 883:Rajendra Chola I 856:(1271–1368) and 822:Chinese Buddhist 703: 700: 697: 693: 535:Malay sultanates 375:‎) are an 374: 356: 350: 349: 346: 345: 342: 339: 336: 333: 182: 159: 146: 132: 110: 103:Total population 59: 48: 38: 34: 17460: 17459: 17455: 17454: 17453: 17451: 17450: 17449: 17380:Malay Peninsula 17350: 17349: 17347: 17345: 17340: 17306:Arab Malaysians 17280: 17212: 17172:Bruneian Malays 17068: 17053: 17042: 17037: 17007: 17002: 16975: 16959: 16863: 16795: 16756: 16751: 16721: 16716: 16607: 16600: 16589:(non-Peranakan) 16588: 16578: 16566: 16510: 16498: 16476: 16425: 16413: 16410:Peranakan Turki 16370: 16246: 16139: 15998: 15988: 15986: 15974: 15857: 15813:Penangite Malay 15767: 15748: 15737: 15732: 15702: 15697: 15570: 15474: 15364: 15357: 15219: 15104: 14894: 14810: 14567: 14556: 14551: 14521: 14516: 14492: 14467: 14441: 14384: 14379: 14349: 14337: 14327: 14325: 14315: 14313: 14303: 14301: 14291: 14289: 14281: 14279: 14270: 14268: 14258: 14170: 14152: 14130: 14128: 14120: 14106: 14104: 14091: 14082: 14080: 14079:on 4 April 2010 14071: 14059: 14055: 14053:Further reading 14050: 14049: 14044: 14026: 14004: 14002: 13984:on 14 May 2016. 13966: 13948: 13920: 13902: 13881: 13846: 13828: 13805: 13803: 13778: 13776: 13772: 13765: 13749: 13747: 13743: 13736: 13686: 13684: 13649: 13631: 13613: 13595: 13577: 13554: 13501: 13483: 13465: 13395: 13393: 13392:on 22 July 2011 13389: 13374: 13364: 13345: 13327: 13303: 13301: 13278: 13276: 13258: 13236: 13234: 13227: 13206: 13185: 13166: 13144: 13142: 13135: 13112: 13094: 13072: 13070: 13048: 13046: 13045:on 12 July 2017 13042: 13036: 13025: 13008: 12985: 12967: 12933: 12912: 12890: 12888: 12869: 12851: 12830: 12828: 12807: 12773: 12746: 12721: 12719: 12702: 12682: 12664: 12643: 12641: 12624: 12594: 12573: 12555: 12527: 12509: 12491: 12473: 12439: 12418: 12416: 12399: 12381: 12356: 12338: 12320: 12298: 12280: 12262: 12240: 12238: 12234: 12209: 12195: 12172: 12170: 12163: 12143: 12118: 12116: 12085: 12067: 12049: 12010: 11973: 11943: 11925: 11907: 11884: 11882: 11881:on 22 July 2011 11878: 11871: 11859: 11838: 11836: 11819: 11790: 11748: 11746: 11739: 11716: 11695: 11693: 11676: 11658: 11639: 11621: 11603: 11585: 11567: 11549: 11531: 11509: 11507: 11467: 11465: 11446: 11428: 11406: 11404: 11403:on 4 March 2016 11386: 11362: 11360: 11339: 11337: 11322: 11301: 11299: 11282: 11264: 11201: 11183: 11178: 11177: 11169: 11165: 11157: 11153: 11145: 11132: 11124: 11120: 11112: 11108: 11098: 11096: 11095:on 8 April 2016 11083: 11082: 11078: 11070: 11061: 11053: 11044: 11036: 11015: 11011:, pp. 1–26 11007: 10986: 10978: 10957: 10949: 10945: 10937: 10933: 10925: 10921: 10913: 10909: 10901: 10897: 10889: 10882: 10874: 10870: 10862: 10858: 10854:, p. 1357. 10850: 10846: 10838: 10834: 10826: 10822: 10812: 10808: 10801: 10797: 10791:Angahsunan 2017 10789: 10776: 10768: 10761: 10753: 10749: 10739: 10737: 10736:on 29 July 2014 10722: 10718: 10708: 10706: 10695: 10688: 10678: 10676: 10663: 10662: 10653: 10645: 10641: 10633: 10629: 10621: 10617: 10609: 10605: 10597: 10593: 10585: 10581: 10573: 10569: 10561: 10557: 10549: 10545: 10537: 10528: 10521: 10514: 10504: 10502: 10489: 10488: 10484: 10476: 10472: 10464: 10460: 10452: 10448: 10440: 10436: 10432:, p. 1220. 10428: 10424: 10416: 10412: 10402: 10400: 10387: 10386: 10382: 10378:, p. 1222. 10374: 10370: 10362: 10358: 10350: 10346: 10338: 10334: 10327: 10320: 10310: 10308: 10295: 10294: 10287: 10279: 10275: 10267: 10263: 10246: 10245: 10241: 10233: 10229: 10219: 10217: 10216:on 10 June 2010 10206: 10202: 10194: 10190: 10182: 10178: 10170: 10166: 10158: 10154: 10146: 10142: 10134: 10130: 10122: 10118: 10110: 10103: 10095: 10091: 10081: 10079: 10070: 10069: 10065: 10057: 10053: 10045: 10041: 10033: 10029: 10021: 10017: 10009: 10002: 9965: 9961: 9951: 9949: 9936: 9935: 9931: 9923: 9919: 9911: 9907: 9899: 9892: 9884: 9875: 9867: 9863: 9853: 9851: 9838: 9837: 9833: 9816: 9815: 9811: 9803: 9799: 9791: 9787: 9779: 9775: 9767: 9763: 9755: 9751: 9743: 9739: 9731: 9727: 9719: 9708: 9700: 9696: 9688: 9684: 9676: 9669: 9661: 9657: 9651:Barrington 2006 9649: 9645: 9637: 9630: 9622: 9618: 9610: 9606: 9598: 9594: 9586: 9579: 9571: 9567: 9559: 9555: 9547: 9543: 9533: 9531: 9519: 9518: 9514: 9506: 9502: 9494: 9490: 9482: 9478: 9470: 9466: 9458: 9454: 9446: 9442: 9434: 9430: 9422: 9418: 9410: 9406: 9398: 9394: 9386: 9382: 9374: 9370: 9362: 9358: 9350: 9346: 9338: 9334: 9326: 9319: 9311: 9307: 9299: 9292: 9284: 9280: 9272: 9268: 9260: 9256: 9248: 9244: 9236: 9232: 9224: 9220: 9212: 9208: 9200: 9196: 9189: 9173: 9169: 9161: 9157: 9149: 9142: 9132: 9130: 9115: 9111: 9103: 9094: 9086: 9082: 9072: 9070: 9033: 9029: 8965: 8961: 8953: 8949: 8941: 8937: 8929: 8925: 8917: 8913: 8905: 8901: 8893: 8889: 8881: 8877: 8869: 8865: 8857: 8853: 8841: 8837: 8829: 8825: 8817: 8813: 8803: 8801: 8797: 8782: 8776: 8769: 8756: 8755: 8751: 8747:, pp. 4–5. 8743: 8739: 8733:Wayback Machine 8722: 8718: 8708: 8706: 8699: 8683: 8679: 8671: 8667: 8659: 8655: 8643: 8639: 8631: 8627: 8619: 8615: 8607: 8603: 8593: 8591: 8578: 8577: 8573: 8565: 8561: 8554: 8540:Miksic, John M. 8537: 8533: 8522: 8518: 8510: 8506: 8498: 8494: 8486: 8482: 8474: 8470: 8462: 8458: 8450: 8446: 8438: 8434: 8426: 8422: 8414: 8410: 8402: 8398: 8375: 8371: 8363: 8359: 8351: 8347: 8339: 8335: 8327: 8323: 8315: 8308: 8300: 8293: 8285: 8281: 8275: 8271: 8261: 8259: 8250: 8249: 8245: 8235: 8233: 8218: 8217: 8213: 8203: 8201: 8188: 8187: 8183: 8173: 8171: 8162: 8161: 8157: 8147: 8145: 8136: 8135: 8131: 8126: 8122: 8114: 8110: 8109: 8105: 8095: 8093: 8080: 8079: 8075: 8065: 8063: 8056:indonesia.go id 8050: 8049: 8045: 8037: 8033: 8023: 8021: 8016: 8015: 8011: 8006: 8001: 8000: 7991: 7987: 7976: 7972: 7963: 7959: 7954: 7950: 7945: 7932:Malay tricolour 7907:Ketuanan Melayu 7892: 7880:West Kalimantan 7873: 7871: 7817: 7815: 7778: 7776: 7761:Tamiang Malays 7746: 7744: 7712: 7710: 7680: 7678: 7637: 7635: 7634: 7631:Pasaman Regency 7625: 7623: 7622: 7612: 7610: 7600: 7598: 7554: 7552: 7543:Perak Sultanate 7530:Perakian Malays 7514: 7512: 7502: 7500: 7490: 7488: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7466: 7464: 7455: 7453: 7444: 7442: 7433: 7431: 7377:Pattani Malays 7362: 7360: 7322: 7320: 7270: 7268: 7218: 7216: 7205: 7203: 7202: 7192: 7190: 7180: 7178: 7175:Negeri Sembilan 7168: 7166: 7155: 7153: 7152: 7142: 7140: 7106: 7090: 7088: 7059: 7057: 7033: 7031: 6991: 6989: 6979: 6977: 6968: 6966: 6955: 6953: 6943: 6941: 6931: 6929: 6919: 6917: 6890:Kedah Sultanate 6846: 6844: 6829:Johor Sultanate 6808: 6806: 6795: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6771: 6769: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6745: 6743: 6721: 6720:Javanese Malays 6705: 6703: 6694:Jambi Sultanate 6650: 6648: 6637: 6635: 6625: 6623: 6613: 6611: 6600: 6598: 6597: 6587: 6585: 6554: 6536: 6534: 6524: 6522: 6512: 6510: 6499: 6497: 6482:Bruneian Empire 6475:Bruneian Malays 6460: 6458: 6423: 6421: 6400: 6398: 6397: 6385: 6383: 6382: 6370: 6368: 6361:Bangkok Malays 6346: 6344: 6294:Malay Peninsula 6278: 6260: 6164: 6156:Main articles: 6154: 6041: 6035: 5997:Busur dan Panah 5905:Tongkat Panjang 5724: 5702: 5630:precious stones 5595:to the King of 5541: 5459:Malay Peninsula 5455: 5447:Main articles: 5433: 5345:rite of passage 5201:event known as 5161:. The biannual 5159:Malay character 5115: 4972:Malay Peninsula 4956: 4948:Main articles: 4935: 4649: 4647:Performing arts 4466:West Kalimantan 4450:Bangka Belitung 4323:-based dishes; 4317:Negeri Sembilan 4230: 4205: 4051: 3999: 3993:from the east. 3786:Replica of the 3780: 3774: 3696:Islamic revival 3617: 3611: 3469:Asrar al-Arifin 3389:Hindu mythology 3342:oral literature 3311: 3303:Main articles: 3278: 3180:Johor Sultanate 3178:The dialect of 3138:Betawi language 3096:Classical Malay 3036: 3030: 3008: 3003: 2857:Malay dominance 2714:Malay Peninsula 2706: 2696: 2694:Malay supremacy 2688:Main articles: 2662: 2650:West Kalimantan 2401:Southern Borneo 2307:Empire of Japan 2207:Kedah Sultanate 2104:Kedah Sultanate 2092:Kingdom of Siam 2065:Johor Sultanate 2061:fort of Malacca 2048:. In 1511, the 1994: 1962:Jambi Sultanate 1946:Kedah Sultanate 1909:in present-day 1903:satellite state 1875:Bruneian Empire 1871:South China Sea 1840:Perak Sultanate 1836:Johor Sultanate 1824:("Malayness"). 1818:Classical Malay 1747: 1737: 1713:West Kalimantan 1711:in what is now 1695:in present-day 1677:Pandyan dynasty 1639:expansion from 1610:Sang Nila Utama 1516:Malay Peninsula 1430: 1424: 1419: 1381:Malay Peninsula 1373: 1336: 1291: 1170: 1160: 1148:(far left) and 1130: 1081:who joined the 1063: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1054:dance from the 1049: 1041: 1040: 1033: 1025: 1024: 1018: 1007: 941:– mentioned in 813:– mentioned by 779:Malay Peninsula 746: 701: 698: 695: 664:. According to 658:Bukit Seguntang 632: 539:Malay Peninsula 412:West Kalimantan 388:Malay Peninsula 354: 330: 326: 310:Malay tricolour 297: 180: 157: 144: 98: 50: 45: 33: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 17458: 17448: 17447: 17442: 17437: 17432: 17427: 17422: 17417: 17412: 17407: 17402: 17397: 17392: 17387: 17382: 17377: 17372: 17367: 17362: 17342: 17341: 17339: 17338: 17333: 17328: 17323: 17318: 17313: 17308: 17303: 17298: 17292: 17290: 17289:Non-Bumiputera 17286: 17285: 17282: 17281: 17279: 17278: 17273: 17268: 17267: 17266: 17261: 17251: 17246: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17220: 17218: 17214: 17213: 17211: 17210: 17207: 17202: 17197: 17194: 17189: 17188:Molbog/Balabak 17186: 17181: 17176: 17175: 17174: 17164: 17159: 17154: 17149: 17144: 17139: 17138: 17137: 17132: 17122: 17121: 17120: 17119: 17118: 17113: 17108: 17103: 17098: 17093: 17083: 17072: 17070: 17061: 17055: 17054: 17047: 17044: 17043: 17036: 17035: 17028: 17021: 17013: 17004: 17003: 17001: 17000: 16995: 16990: 16984: 16981: 16980: 16977: 16976: 16974: 16973: 16967: 16965: 16961: 16960: 16958: 16957: 16952: 16947: 16942: 16937: 16932: 16927: 16922: 16917: 16912: 16911: 16910: 16900: 16895: 16890: 16884: 16882: 16875: 16869: 16868: 16865: 16864: 16862: 16861: 16856: 16851: 16846: 16841: 16839:Jawi Peranakan 16836: 16831: 16826: 16821: 16820: 16819: 16809: 16803: 16801: 16797: 16796: 16794: 16793: 16788: 16783: 16782: 16781: 16770: 16764: 16758: 16757: 16750: 16749: 16742: 16735: 16727: 16718: 16717: 16715: 16714: 16709: 16704: 16699: 16694: 16689: 16684: 16678: 16673: 16668: 16663: 16658: 16653: 16648: 16643: 16633: 16628: 16618: 16612: 16610: 16602: 16601: 16599: 16598: 16592: 16590: 16587:Mixed ancestry 16584: 16583: 16580: 16579: 16574: 16572: 16565: 16564: 16559: 16554: 16549: 16544: 16539: 16534: 16529: 16524: 16518: 16516: 16504: 16503: 16500: 16499: 16497: 16496: 16491: 16488:Peranakan Cina 16484: 16482: 16475: 16474: 16469: 16464: 16459: 16454: 16449: 16444: 16439: 16433: 16431: 16419: 16418: 16415: 16414: 16412: 16411: 16408: 16405:Peranakan Siam 16402: 16400:Jawi Peranakan 16397: 16390: 16388:Peranakan Arab 16384: 16382: 16376: 16375: 16372: 16371: 16369: 16368: 16363: 16358: 16353: 16348: 16347: 16346: 16341: 16331: 16326: 16321: 16316: 16311: 16306: 16305: 16304: 16303: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16267: 16256: 16254: 16248: 16247: 16245: 16244: 16243: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16224: 16223: 16222: 16217: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16187: 16177: 16176: 16175: 16170: 16165: 16160: 16149: 16147: 16141: 16140: 16138: 16137: 16136: 16135: 16130: 16125: 16120: 16115: 16110: 16100: 16099: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16068: 16063: 16053: 16052: 16051: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16035: 16034: 16029: 16019: 16014: 16003: 16001: 15990: 15980: 15979: 15976: 15975: 15973: 15972: 15967: 15962: 15960:Burmese Malays 15957: 15952: 15951: 15950: 15945: 15940: 15930: 15925: 15920: 15915: 15905: 15904: 15903: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15867: 15865: 15859: 15858: 15856: 15855: 15850: 15845: 15843:Bruneian Malay 15840: 15835: 15830: 15825: 15823:Perlisan Malay 15820: 15818:Perakian Malay 15815: 15810: 15805: 15803:Malaccan Malay 15800: 15795: 15790: 15788:Johorean Malay 15784: 15782: 15773: 15758: 15750: 15749: 15742: 15739: 15738: 15731: 15730: 15723: 15716: 15708: 15699: 15698: 15696: 15695: 15690: 15685: 15680: 15675: 15670: 15665: 15660: 15655: 15654: 15653: 15648: 15638: 15633: 15632: 15631: 15626: 15624:Maluku Chinese 15621: 15616: 15606: 15601: 15596: 15591: 15590: 15589: 15587:Black Dutchmen 15578: 15576: 15575:Non-indigenous 15572: 15571: 15569: 15568: 15567: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15536: 15535: 15534: 15524: 15519: 15514: 15513: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15484: 15482: 15480:Maluku Islands 15476: 15475: 15473: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15447: 15442: 15437: 15432: 15427: 15426: 15425: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15375: 15369: 15367: 15359: 15358: 15356: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15330: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15285: 15280: 15275: 15270: 15265: 15260: 15255: 15250: 15245: 15240: 15235: 15229: 15227: 15221: 15220: 15218: 15217: 15216: 15215: 15205: 15200: 15195: 15190: 15185: 15180: 15175: 15170: 15165: 15160: 15155: 15150: 15145: 15140: 15135: 15130: 15125: 15120: 15114: 15112: 15106: 15105: 15103: 15102: 15101: 15100: 15095: 15085: 15080: 15079: 15078: 15073: 15063: 15062: 15061: 15060: 15059: 15054: 15044: 15043: 15042: 15037: 15027: 15026: 15025: 15020: 15010: 15009: 15008: 14998: 14997: 14996: 14986: 14985: 14984: 14979: 14969: 14968: 14967: 14966: 14965: 14960: 14950: 14945: 14935: 14934: 14933: 14928: 14923: 14910: 14904: 14902: 14896: 14895: 14893: 14892: 14891: 14890: 14885: 14875: 14870: 14869: 14868: 14858: 14853: 14852: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14836: 14826: 14820: 14818: 14812: 14811: 14809: 14808: 14803: 14798: 14793: 14788: 14783: 14778: 14777: 14776: 14766: 14765: 14764: 14754: 14753: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14682: 14681: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14634: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14618: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14577: 14575: 14569: 14568: 14561: 14558: 14557: 14550: 14549: 14542: 14535: 14527: 14518: 14517: 14515: 14514: 14511: 14506: 14500: 14498: 14494: 14493: 14491: 14490: 14485: 14479: 14477: 14476:non-indigenous 14473: 14472: 14469: 14468: 14466: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14449: 14447: 14443: 14442: 14440: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14422:Dusun (Brunei) 14419: 14414: 14409: 14403: 14401: 14392: 14386: 14385: 14378: 14377: 14370: 14363: 14355: 14348: 14347: 14335: 14323: 14311: 14299: 14278: 14277: 14261: 14256: 14239: 14226: 14173: 14168: 14155: 14150: 14137: 14113: 14103:on 10 May 2011 14089: 14069: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14048: 14047: 14042: 14029: 14024: 14011: 13986: 13969: 13964: 13951: 13946: 13923: 13918: 13905: 13900: 13884: 13879: 13866: 13849: 13844: 13831: 13826: 13811: 13793:Bangkok-Melayu 13785: 13756: 13721: 13709:10.1086/200054 13703:(4): 559–560. 13692: 13671:Teeuw, Andries 13667: 13665:on 9 June 2010 13652: 13647: 13634: 13629: 13616: 13611: 13598: 13593: 13580: 13575: 13557: 13552: 13539: 13519:(6): 1209–18. 13504: 13499: 13486: 13481: 13468: 13463: 13450: 13415: 13402: 13367: 13362: 13349: 13343: 13330: 13325: 13310: 13285: 13242: 13225: 13210: 13204: 13188: 13183: 13170: 13164: 13150: 13133: 13115: 13110: 13097: 13092: 13079: 13054: 13034: 13011: 13006: 12988: 12983: 12970: 12965: 12952: 12936: 12931: 12915: 12910: 12897: 12872: 12867: 12854: 12849: 12836: 12810: 12805: 12792: 12776: 12771: 12758: 12749: 12744: 12727: 12705: 12700: 12685: 12680: 12667: 12662: 12649: 12627: 12622: 12606: 12597: 12592: 12576: 12571: 12558: 12553: 12540: 12531: 12525: 12512: 12507: 12494: 12489: 12476: 12471: 12458: 12442: 12437: 12424: 12402: 12397: 12384: 12379: 12359: 12354: 12341: 12336: 12323: 12318: 12312:, Nabu Press, 12302: 12296: 12283: 12278: 12265: 12260: 12247: 12198: 12193: 12178: 12161: 12146: 12141: 12125: 12103:(2): 123–134. 12088: 12083: 12070: 12065: 12052: 12047: 12034: 12024:(1): 145–174. 12013: 12008: 11995: 11976: 11971: 11958: 11946: 11941: 11928: 11923: 11910: 11905: 11890: 11862: 11857: 11844: 11822: 11817: 11804: 11793: 11788: 11782:, Bibliolife, 11776:Cordier, Henri 11772: 11755: 11737: 11719: 11714: 11701: 11679: 11674: 11661: 11656: 11643: 11637: 11624: 11619: 11606: 11601: 11588: 11583: 11570: 11565: 11552: 11547: 11534: 11529: 11516: 11502:(2): 256–258. 11483: 11474: 11449: 11444: 11431: 11426: 11413: 11390: 11384: 11369: 11346: 11325: 11320: 11307: 11285: 11280: 11267: 11262: 11249: 11204: 11199: 11185: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11176: 11175: 11163: 11151: 11130: 11118: 11106: 11076: 11059: 11042: 11013: 10984: 10982:, p. 6804 10955: 10943: 10931: 10919: 10907: 10903:Alexander 2006 10895: 10891:Alexander 2006 10880: 10878:, p. 104. 10868: 10856: 10844: 10832: 10830:, p. 261. 10820: 10806: 10795: 10774: 10759: 10747: 10716: 10686: 10651: 10639: 10627: 10625:, p. 195. 10615: 10613:, p. 802. 10603: 10601:, p. 188. 10591: 10589:, p. 225. 10587:Alexander 2006 10579: 10567: 10555: 10543: 10526: 10512: 10482: 10470: 10458: 10446: 10444:, p. 296. 10442:Srinivasa 2003 10434: 10422: 10410: 10380: 10368: 10364:Alexander 2006 10356: 10344: 10332: 10318: 10285: 10273: 10261: 10239: 10227: 10200: 10188: 10176: 10164: 10152: 10140: 10128: 10126:, p. 213. 10116: 10114:, p. 1219 10101: 10099:, p. 181. 10089: 10063: 10061:, p. 184. 10051: 10039: 10037:, p. 125. 10027: 10025:, p. 157. 10015: 10000: 9959: 9929: 9927:, p. 260. 9917: 9915:, p. 756. 9905: 9903:, p. 1218 9890: 9873: 9871:, p. 192. 9861: 9831: 9809: 9807:, p. 678. 9797: 9795:, p. 413. 9785: 9783:, p. 126. 9773: 9761: 9749: 9737: 9725: 9706: 9704:, p. 149. 9694: 9692:, p. 492. 9682: 9667: 9665:, p. 146. 9655: 9643: 9628: 9616: 9604: 9592: 9577: 9575:, p. 251. 9565: 9553: 9541: 9512: 9500: 9488: 9476: 9474:, p. 204. 9464: 9452: 9450:, p. 345. 9440: 9428: 9426:, p. 203. 9416: 9404: 9392: 9380: 9368: 9356: 9344: 9332: 9317: 9305: 9303:, p. 1174 9290: 9288:, p. 286. 9278: 9266: 9264:, p. 138. 9254: 9250:Alexander 2006 9242: 9230: 9218: 9216:, p. 464. 9206: 9194: 9187: 9167: 9155: 9153:, p. 171. 9140: 9123:Sejarah Melayu 9109: 9107:, pp. 1–6 9092: 9080: 9027: 8959: 8947: 8935: 8923: 8911: 8899: 8887: 8875: 8863: 8859:Anderbeck 2002 8851: 8835: 8833:, p. 278. 8823: 8811: 8767: 8749: 8737: 8716: 8697: 8677: 8675:, pp. 22. 8665: 8653: 8637: 8625: 8623:, p. 105. 8613: 8611:, p. 190. 8601: 8586:(in Chinese). 8571: 8569:, p. 223. 8559: 8552: 8531: 8516: 8504: 8502:, p. 101. 8492: 8480: 8478:, p. 212. 8468: 8466:, p. 612. 8456: 8454:, p. 139. 8444: 8442:, p. 266. 8432: 8420: 8408: 8396: 8385:(3): 295–313. 8369: 8357: 8355:, p. 131. 8345: 8333: 8321: 8306: 8291: 8279: 8269: 8243: 8211: 8181: 8155: 8129: 8120: 8103: 8073: 8043: 8041:, p. 119. 8031: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8002: 7999: 7998: 7985: 7970: 7957: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7920: 7918:Malay folklore 7915: 7910: 7904: 7899: 7891: 7888: 7885: 7884: 7883: 7882: 7867: 7866: 7865: 7859: 7856: 7853: 7847: 7844: 7838: 7833: 7829: 7828: 7827: 7826: 7811: 7810: 7809: 7803: 7802:(1708–present) 7795: 7789: 7788: 7787: 7786: 7772: 7771: 7770: 7767: 7762: 7758: 7757: 7756: 7755: 7740: 7739: 7738: 7730: 7724: 7723: 7722: 7721: 7706: 7705: 7704: 7703:(1745–present) 7696: 7692: 7691: 7690: 7689: 7674: 7673: 7672: 7666: 7663: 7660: 7657: 7652: 7648: 7647: 7646: 7645: 7594: 7593: 7592: 7586: 7583: 7580: 7577: 7572: 7566: 7565: 7564: 7563: 7548: 7547: 7546: 7545:(1528–present) 7540: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7524: 7523: 7486: 7427: 7426: 7425: 7422: 7419: 7416: 7413: 7410: 7404: 7398: 7392: 7386: 7378: 7374: 7373: 7372: 7371: 7356: 7355: 7354: 7348: 7340: 7334: 7333: 7332: 7331: 7316: 7315: 7314: 7313:(1881–present) 7308: 7302: 7296: 7288: 7282: 7281: 7280: 7279: 7264: 7263: 7262: 7256: 7250: 7247:Deli Sultanate 7244: 7236: 7230: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7214: 7164: 7136: 7135: 7134: 7133:(1773–present) 7128: 7125:Siak Sultanate 7122: 7114: 7102: 7101: 7100: 7099: 7084: 7083: 7082: 7074: 7070: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7053: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7043: 7042: 7027: 7026: 7025: 7022: 7021:(1267–present) 7016: 7008: 7002: 7001: 7000: 6999: 6987: 6964: 6913: 6912: 6911: 6910:(1842–present) 6908:Perlis Kingdom 6905: 6899: 6893: 6892:(1136–present) 6887: 6881: 6875: 6864: 6862:Kedahan Malays 6858: 6857: 6856: 6855: 6840: 6839: 6838: 6835:Muar Sultanate 6832: 6831:(1528–present) 6824: 6820: 6819: 6818: 6817: 6804: 6767: 6739: 6738: 6737: 6729: 6717: 6716: 6715: 6714: 6699: 6698: 6697: 6691: 6685: 6677: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6666:Burmese Malays 6662: 6661: 6660: 6659: 6646: 6609: 6581: 6580: 6579: 6573: 6572:(1745–present) 6567: 6562: 6548: 6547: 6546: 6545: 6508: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6490:(1363–present) 6485: 6477: 6471: 6470: 6469: 6468: 6454: 6453: 6452: 6449: 6446: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6433: 6432: 6417: 6415: 6411: 6410: 6409: 6408: 6364: 6362: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6355: 6340: 6338: 6334: 6333: 6330: 6327: 6259: 6256: 6230:pilgrimage to 6196:Malay language 6153: 6150: 6034: 6031: 6027:armed conflict 5833:reconciliation 5701: 5698: 5540: 5537: 5535:(68 CE). 5432: 5429: 5250:Maulidur Rasul 5226:Deli Sultanate 5222:Tengku Mahkota 5151:Malay identity 5114: 5111: 5065:(trousers), a 4964:Malay hikayats 4934: 4931: 4818:Dondang Sayang 4751:and a pair of 4707:jingled-rebana 4648: 4645: 4455:siput gonggong 4363:fish) dishes, 4226:Main article: 4204: 4201: 4163:, the angular 4050: 4047: 4036:geometric and 4012:parade of the 3998: 3995: 3921:Sejarah Melayu 3773: 3770: 3761:Maulidur Rasul 3738:Islamic origin 3630:on the eve of 3610: 3607: 3531:Tun Sri Lanang 3465:Hamzah Fansuri 3354:penglipur lara 3309:Malay folklore 3277: 3274: 3199:Malay dialects 3130:Ambonese Malay 3028:Malay language 3026:Main article: 3020:Pallava script 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2880:Malay monarchy 2872:Malay language 2862:The Malay and 2710:British Malaya 2661: 2658: 2638:British Malaya 2567:Tabal district 2551:Butang islands 2476:Isthmus of Kra 2458:Prince Damrong 2433:Kiautschou Bay 2409:Riau Sultanate 2387:Following the 2303:British Malaya 2243:British Empire 2201:was leased to 2170:while carving 2152:Greater Patani 2098:abolished the 2096:Chakri dynasty 2094:under the new 2082:Historically, 2020:or became the 1993: 1990: 1970:Deli Sultanate 1923:Sultan of Sulu 1736: 1733: 1669:Jaffna kingdom 1645:Melayu Kingdom 1544:Melayu Kingdom 1482:Tamil kingdoms 1457:Jaffna kingdom 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1372: 1369: 1335: 1332: 1290: 1289:Deutero-Malays 1287: 1286: 1285: 1246:Southern China 1238: 1234: 1172:Also known as 1159: 1156: 1129: 1126: 1110:Hikayat Patani 1050: 1043: 1042: 1034: 1027: 1026: 1019: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1006: 1003: 971: 970: 950: 934: 906: 890: 870: 806: 786: 745: 742: 674:, a legendary 667:Sejarah Melayu 647:Melayu Kingdom 631: 628: 519:Malay language 300: 299: 294: 293: 286: 285: 281: 280: 276:Predominantly 273: 272: 268: 267: 261: 260: 256: 255: 252: 248: 247: 244: 240: 239: 236: 230: 229: 226: 222: 221: 218: 217:United Kingdom 214: 213: 210: 204: 203: 200: 194: 193: 190: 184: 183: 177: 171: 170: 167: 161: 160: 154: 148: 147: 141: 135: 134: 128: 120: 119: 115: 114: 105: 104: 100: 99: 60: 52: 51: 41: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17457: 17446: 17443: 17441: 17438: 17436: 17433: 17431: 17428: 17426: 17423: 17421: 17418: 17416: 17413: 17411: 17408: 17406: 17403: 17401: 17398: 17396: 17393: 17391: 17388: 17386: 17383: 17381: 17378: 17376: 17373: 17371: 17368: 17366: 17363: 17361: 17358: 17357: 17355: 17348: 17337: 17334: 17332: 17329: 17327: 17324: 17322: 17319: 17317: 17314: 17312: 17309: 17307: 17304: 17302: 17299: 17297: 17294: 17293: 17291: 17287: 17277: 17274: 17272: 17269: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17256: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17221: 17219: 17215: 17208: 17206: 17203: 17201: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17187: 17185: 17182: 17180: 17177: 17173: 17170: 17169: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17140: 17136: 17133: 17131: 17128: 17127: 17126: 17123: 17117: 17114: 17112: 17109: 17107: 17104: 17102: 17099: 17097: 17094: 17092: 17089: 17088: 17087: 17084: 17082: 17079: 17078: 17077: 17076:Kadazan-Dusun 17074: 17073: 17071: 17069:(Anak Negeri) 17065: 17062: 17060: 17056: 17052: 17051: 17045: 17041: 17034: 17029: 17027: 17022: 17020: 17015: 17014: 17011: 16999: 16996: 16994: 16991: 16989: 16986: 16985: 16982: 16972: 16969: 16968: 16966: 16962: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16943: 16941: 16938: 16936: 16933: 16931: 16928: 16926: 16923: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16909: 16906: 16905: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16885: 16883: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16870: 16860: 16859:Orang Seletar 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16822: 16818: 16815: 16814: 16813: 16810: 16808: 16805: 16804: 16802: 16798: 16792: 16789: 16787: 16784: 16780: 16777: 16776: 16775: 16772: 16771: 16768: 16765: 16763: 16759: 16755: 16748: 16743: 16741: 16736: 16734: 16729: 16728: 16725: 16713: 16710: 16708: 16705: 16703: 16700: 16698: 16695: 16693: 16690: 16688: 16685: 16682: 16679: 16677: 16674: 16672: 16669: 16667: 16664: 16662: 16659: 16657: 16654: 16652: 16651:East Timorese 16649: 16647: 16644: 16641: 16637: 16634: 16632: 16629: 16626: 16622: 16619: 16617: 16614: 16613: 16611: 16609: 16603: 16597: 16594: 16593: 16591: 16585: 16577: 16573: 16569: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16550: 16548: 16545: 16543: 16540: 16538: 16535: 16533: 16530: 16528: 16525: 16523: 16520: 16519: 16517: 16514: 16509: 16505: 16495: 16492: 16490:(Baba-Nyonya) 16489: 16486: 16485: 16483: 16479: 16473: 16470: 16468: 16465: 16463: 16460: 16458: 16455: 16453: 16450: 16448: 16445: 16443: 16440: 16438: 16435: 16434: 16432: 16429: 16424: 16420: 16409: 16406: 16403: 16401: 16398: 16395: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16385: 16383: 16381: 16377: 16367: 16364: 16362: 16359: 16357: 16354: 16352: 16349: 16345: 16342: 16340: 16337: 16336: 16335: 16332: 16330: 16327: 16325: 16322: 16320: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16310: 16307: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16272: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16262: 16261: 16260:Kadazan-Dusun 16258: 16257: 16255: 16253: 16249: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16227: 16225: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16182: 16181: 16178: 16174: 16171: 16169: 16166: 16164: 16161: 16159: 16156: 16155: 16154: 16151: 16150: 16148: 16146: 16142: 16134: 16131: 16129: 16126: 16124: 16121: 16119: 16116: 16114: 16111: 16109: 16106: 16105: 16104: 16101: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16067: 16064: 16062: 16059: 16058: 16057: 16054: 16050: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16033: 16032:Orang Seletar 16030: 16028: 16025: 16024: 16023: 16020: 16018: 16015: 16013: 16010: 16009: 16008: 16005: 16004: 16002: 16000: 15994: 15991: 15985: 15981: 15971: 15968: 15966: 15965:Patani Malays 15963: 15961: 15958: 15956: 15953: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15939: 15936: 15935: 15934: 15931: 15929: 15926: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15916: 15913: 15909: 15906: 15902: 15899: 15898: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15868: 15866: 15864: 15860: 15854: 15851: 15849: 15846: 15844: 15841: 15839: 15836: 15834: 15831: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15793:Kedahan Malay 15791: 15789: 15786: 15785: 15783: 15781: 15777: 15774: 15771: 15766: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15756: 15751: 15747: 15746: 15740: 15736: 15729: 15724: 15722: 15717: 15715: 15710: 15709: 15706: 15694: 15691: 15689: 15686: 15684: 15681: 15679: 15676: 15674: 15671: 15669: 15666: 15664: 15661: 15659: 15656: 15652: 15649: 15647: 15644: 15643: 15642: 15639: 15637: 15634: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15611: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15588: 15585: 15584: 15583: 15580: 15579: 15577: 15573: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15537: 15533: 15530: 15529: 15528: 15525: 15523: 15520: 15518: 15515: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15493: 15492: 15491: 15490: 15489: 15486: 15485: 15483: 15481: 15477: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15436: 15433: 15431: 15428: 15424: 15421: 15420: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15370: 15368: 15366: 15365:Sunda Islands 15360: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15336: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15291: 15289: 15286: 15284: 15281: 15279: 15276: 15274: 15271: 15269: 15266: 15264: 15261: 15259: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15231: 15230: 15228: 15226: 15222: 15214: 15211: 15210: 15209: 15206: 15204: 15201: 15199: 15196: 15194: 15191: 15189: 15186: 15184: 15181: 15179: 15176: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15159: 15156: 15154: 15151: 15149: 15146: 15144: 15141: 15139: 15136: 15134: 15131: 15129: 15126: 15124: 15121: 15119: 15116: 15115: 15113: 15111: 15107: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15090: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15068: 15067: 15064: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15049: 15048: 15045: 15041: 15038: 15036: 15033: 15032: 15031: 15028: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15016: 15015: 15014: 15011: 15007: 15004: 15003: 15002: 14999: 14995: 14992: 14991: 14990: 14987: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14974: 14973: 14970: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14955: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14940: 14939: 14936: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14918: 14916: 14915: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14905: 14903: 14901: 14897: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14880: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14867: 14864: 14863: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14832: 14831: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14821: 14819: 14817: 14813: 14807: 14804: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14789: 14787: 14784: 14782: 14779: 14775: 14772: 14771: 14770: 14767: 14763: 14760: 14759: 14758: 14755: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14717: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14650: 14649: 14646: 14644: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14583: 14582: 14579: 14578: 14576: 14574: 14570: 14566: 14565: 14559: 14555: 14548: 14543: 14541: 14536: 14534: 14529: 14528: 14525: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14501: 14499: 14495: 14489: 14486: 14484: 14481: 14480: 14478: 14474: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14450: 14448: 14444: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14405: 14404: 14402: 14400: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14387: 14383: 14376: 14371: 14369: 14364: 14362: 14357: 14356: 14353: 14346: 14341: 14336: 14334: 14324: 14322: 14312: 14310: 14300: 14298: 14288: 14287: 14284: 14266: 14262: 14259: 14253: 14249: 14245: 14240: 14236: 14232: 14227: 14223: 14219: 14214: 14209: 14204: 14199: 14195: 14191: 14188:(4): e18312. 14187: 14183: 14179: 14174: 14171: 14165: 14161: 14156: 14153: 14147: 14143: 14138: 14126: 14119: 14114: 14102: 14098: 14094: 14090: 14078: 14074: 14070: 14066: 14062: 14058: 14057: 14045: 14039: 14035: 14030: 14027: 14021: 14017: 14012: 14000: 13996: 13995:Utusan online 13992: 13987: 13983: 13979: 13975: 13970: 13967: 13961: 13957: 13952: 13949: 13943: 13939: 13935: 13931: 13930: 13924: 13921: 13915: 13911: 13906: 13903: 13897: 13893: 13889: 13885: 13882: 13876: 13872: 13867: 13863: 13859: 13855: 13850: 13847: 13841: 13837: 13832: 13829: 13823: 13819: 13818: 13812: 13801: 13797: 13796: 13792: 13786: 13771: 13764: 13763: 13757: 13742: 13735: 13733: 13729: 13722: 13718: 13714: 13710: 13706: 13702: 13698: 13693: 13682: 13678: 13677: 13672: 13668: 13664: 13660: 13659: 13653: 13650: 13644: 13640: 13635: 13632: 13626: 13622: 13617: 13614: 13608: 13604: 13599: 13596: 13590: 13586: 13581: 13578: 13572: 13568: 13567: 13562: 13558: 13555: 13549: 13545: 13540: 13536: 13532: 13527: 13522: 13518: 13514: 13510: 13505: 13502: 13496: 13492: 13487: 13484: 13478: 13474: 13469: 13466: 13460: 13456: 13451: 13447: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13429: 13425: 13421: 13416: 13412: 13408: 13403: 13388: 13384: 13380: 13373: 13368: 13365: 13359: 13355: 13350: 13346: 13344:0-333-57690-X 13340: 13337:. MacMillan. 13336: 13331: 13328: 13322: 13318: 13317: 13311: 13299: 13295: 13294:Malaysia Kini 13291: 13286: 13274: 13270: 13266: 13265: 13256: 13252: 13250: 13243: 13232: 13228: 13226:9781137566249 13222: 13218: 13217: 13211: 13207: 13201: 13197: 13193: 13189: 13186: 13180: 13176: 13171: 13167: 13161: 13157: 13151: 13140: 13136: 13130: 13126: 13125: 13120: 13119:Ooi, Keat Gin 13116: 13113: 13107: 13103: 13098: 13095: 13089: 13085: 13080: 13068: 13064: 13063:Utusan online 13060: 13055: 13041: 13037: 13031: 13023: 13019: 13018: 13012: 13009: 13003: 12999: 12998: 12993: 12989: 12986: 12980: 12976: 12971: 12968: 12962: 12958: 12953: 12950: 12946: 12942: 12937: 12934: 12928: 12924: 12920: 12916: 12913: 12907: 12903: 12898: 12886: 12882: 12878: 12873: 12870: 12868:9789836241214 12864: 12860: 12855: 12852: 12846: 12842: 12837: 12826: 12822: 12818: 12817: 12811: 12808: 12802: 12798: 12793: 12790: 12786: 12782: 12777: 12774: 12768: 12764: 12759: 12755: 12750: 12747: 12741: 12737: 12733: 12728: 12717: 12713: 12712: 12706: 12703: 12697: 12693: 12692: 12686: 12683: 12677: 12673: 12668: 12665: 12659: 12655: 12650: 12639: 12635: 12634: 12628: 12625: 12619: 12615: 12611: 12607: 12603: 12598: 12595: 12589: 12585: 12581: 12577: 12574: 12568: 12564: 12559: 12556: 12550: 12546: 12541: 12537: 12532: 12528: 12522: 12518: 12513: 12510: 12504: 12500: 12495: 12492: 12486: 12482: 12477: 12474: 12468: 12464: 12459: 12456: 12452: 12448: 12443: 12440: 12434: 12430: 12425: 12414: 12410: 12409: 12403: 12400: 12394: 12390: 12385: 12382: 12376: 12372: 12368: 12364: 12360: 12357: 12351: 12347: 12342: 12339: 12333: 12329: 12324: 12321: 12315: 12311: 12307: 12303: 12299: 12293: 12289: 12284: 12281: 12275: 12271: 12266: 12263: 12257: 12253: 12248: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12219: 12215: 12208: 12206: 12199: 12196: 12190: 12186: 12185: 12179: 12168: 12164: 12162:9783319682198 12158: 12154: 12153: 12147: 12144: 12138: 12135:, Macmillan, 12134: 12130: 12126: 12114: 12110: 12106: 12102: 12098: 12094: 12089: 12086: 12080: 12076: 12071: 12068: 12062: 12058: 12053: 12050: 12044: 12040: 12035: 12031: 12027: 12023: 12019: 12014: 12011: 12005: 12001: 11996: 11993: 11989: 11985: 11981: 11977: 11974: 11968: 11965:, MIT press, 11964: 11959: 11956: 11952: 11947: 11944: 11938: 11934: 11929: 11926: 11920: 11917:, Routledge, 11916: 11911: 11908: 11902: 11898: 11897: 11891: 11877: 11870: 11869: 11863: 11860: 11854: 11850: 11845: 11834: 11830: 11829: 11823: 11820: 11814: 11810: 11805: 11801: 11800: 11794: 11791: 11785: 11781: 11777: 11773: 11769: 11765: 11761: 11756: 11744: 11740: 11734: 11730: 11729: 11724: 11723:Cœdès, George 11720: 11717: 11711: 11707: 11702: 11691: 11687: 11686: 11680: 11677: 11671: 11667: 11662: 11659: 11653: 11649: 11644: 11640: 11634: 11630: 11625: 11622: 11616: 11612: 11607: 11604: 11598: 11594: 11589: 11586: 11580: 11576: 11571: 11568: 11562: 11558: 11553: 11550: 11544: 11540: 11535: 11532: 11526: 11522: 11517: 11505: 11501: 11497: 11493: 11491: 11484: 11480: 11475: 11463: 11459: 11455: 11450: 11447: 11441: 11437: 11432: 11429: 11427:9789679424430 11423: 11419: 11414: 11402: 11398: 11397: 11391: 11387: 11381: 11377: 11376: 11370: 11358: 11354: 11353: 11347: 11335: 11331: 11326: 11323: 11317: 11313: 11308: 11297: 11293: 11292: 11286: 11283: 11277: 11273: 11268: 11265: 11259: 11255: 11250: 11246: 11242: 11238: 11234: 11230: 11226: 11222: 11218: 11214: 11210: 11205: 11202: 11196: 11192: 11187: 11186: 11172: 11167: 11160: 11155: 11148: 11143: 11141: 11139: 11137: 11135: 11127: 11122: 11115: 11110: 11094: 11090: 11089:Melaju Online 11086: 11080: 11074:, p. 436 11073: 11068: 11066: 11064: 11056: 11051: 11049: 11047: 11039: 11034: 11032: 11030: 11028: 11026: 11024: 11022: 11020: 11018: 11010: 11005: 11003: 11001: 10999: 10997: 10995: 10993: 10991: 10989: 10981: 10976: 10974: 10972: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10964: 10962: 10960: 10952: 10947: 10940: 10935: 10928: 10923: 10916: 10911: 10905:, p. 52. 10904: 10899: 10892: 10887: 10885: 10877: 10872: 10866:, p. 41. 10865: 10860: 10853: 10848: 10842:, p. 48. 10841: 10836: 10829: 10824: 10817: 10810: 10804: 10799: 10792: 10787: 10785: 10783: 10781: 10779: 10771: 10766: 10764: 10756: 10751: 10735: 10731: 10727: 10720: 10704: 10700: 10693: 10691: 10674: 10670: 10666: 10660: 10658: 10656: 10649:, p. 28. 10648: 10643: 10637:, p. 23. 10636: 10631: 10624: 10619: 10612: 10607: 10600: 10595: 10588: 10583: 10577:, p. 73. 10576: 10571: 10565:, p. 19. 10564: 10559: 10552: 10547: 10540: 10535: 10533: 10531: 10524: 10519: 10517: 10500: 10496: 10495:Mysarawak.org 10492: 10486: 10479: 10474: 10467: 10462: 10455: 10450: 10443: 10438: 10431: 10426: 10420:, p. 48. 10419: 10414: 10398: 10394: 10390: 10384: 10377: 10372: 10366:, p. 58. 10365: 10360: 10353: 10348: 10341: 10336: 10330: 10325: 10323: 10306: 10302: 10298: 10292: 10290: 10282: 10277: 10270: 10265: 10257: 10253: 10249: 10243: 10237:, p. 47. 10236: 10231: 10215: 10211: 10204: 10198:, p. 24. 10197: 10192: 10186:, p. 19. 10185: 10180: 10174:, p. 59. 10173: 10168: 10162:, p. 42. 10161: 10160:O'Reilly 2007 10156: 10150:, p. 65. 10149: 10144: 10138:, p. 75. 10137: 10132: 10125: 10120: 10113: 10108: 10106: 10098: 10093: 10077: 10073: 10067: 10060: 10055: 10049:, p. 54. 10048: 10043: 10036: 10035:Winstedt 1925 10031: 10024: 10019: 10012: 10007: 10005: 9996: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9978: 9974: 9970: 9963: 9947: 9943: 9939: 9933: 9926: 9921: 9914: 9909: 9902: 9897: 9895: 9887: 9882: 9880: 9878: 9870: 9865: 9849: 9845: 9841: 9835: 9827: 9823: 9819: 9813: 9806: 9801: 9794: 9789: 9782: 9777: 9771:, p. 55. 9770: 9765: 9758: 9753: 9747:, p. 60. 9746: 9741: 9735:, p. 84. 9734: 9729: 9722: 9717: 9715: 9713: 9711: 9703: 9698: 9691: 9686: 9679: 9674: 9672: 9664: 9659: 9652: 9647: 9640: 9635: 9633: 9625: 9624:Ricklefs 1991 9620: 9614:, p. 78. 9613: 9608: 9602:, p. 14. 9601: 9596: 9589: 9584: 9582: 9574: 9569: 9562: 9557: 9551:, p. 17. 9550: 9549:Lumholtz 2004 9545: 9529: 9525: 9524: 9516: 9509: 9504: 9497: 9492: 9486:, pp. 6. 9485: 9480: 9473: 9468: 9461: 9456: 9449: 9444: 9438:, p. 32. 9437: 9436:Richmond 2007 9432: 9425: 9420: 9413: 9408: 9402:, p. 34. 9401: 9396: 9389: 9388:Esposito 1999 9384: 9378:, p. 47. 9377: 9372: 9366:, p. 74. 9365: 9360: 9354:, p. 15. 9353: 9348: 9342:, p. 16. 9341: 9336: 9330:, p. 55. 9329: 9324: 9322: 9315:, p. 25. 9314: 9309: 9302: 9297: 9295: 9287: 9282: 9276:, p. 33. 9275: 9270: 9263: 9258: 9251: 9246: 9239: 9234: 9227: 9222: 9215: 9210: 9203: 9198: 9190: 9184: 9180: 9179: 9171: 9164: 9159: 9152: 9147: 9145: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9113: 9106: 9101: 9099: 9097: 9089: 9084: 9068: 9064: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9046: 9042: 9038: 9031: 9023: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9005: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8987: 8983: 8979: 8975: 8971: 8963: 8956: 8951: 8944: 8939: 8932: 8927: 8920: 8915: 8908: 8903: 8896: 8891: 8884: 8879: 8873:, p. 39. 8872: 8867: 8860: 8855: 8848: 8844: 8839: 8832: 8827: 8820: 8815: 8796: 8792: 8788: 8781: 8774: 8772: 8763: 8759: 8753: 8746: 8741: 8734: 8730: 8726: 8720: 8704: 8700: 8698:9781444391664 8694: 8690: 8689: 8681: 8674: 8669: 8662: 8657: 8650: 8646: 8645:Crawfurd 1856 8641: 8634: 8629: 8622: 8617: 8610: 8605: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8575: 8568: 8563: 8555: 8553:9789971695583 8549: 8546:. NUS Press. 8545: 8541: 8535: 8527: 8520: 8513: 8508: 8501: 8496: 8489: 8484: 8477: 8476:Mukerjee 1984 8472: 8465: 8460: 8453: 8448: 8441: 8436: 8430:, p. 57. 8429: 8424: 8417: 8412: 8405: 8400: 8392: 8388: 8384: 8380: 8373: 8366: 8361: 8354: 8349: 8342: 8337: 8330: 8325: 8318: 8313: 8311: 8303: 8298: 8296: 8288: 8283: 8277: 8273: 8257: 8253: 8247: 8231: 8227: 8226: 8221: 8215: 8199: 8195: 8194:.id community 8191: 8185: 8169: 8165: 8159: 8143: 8139: 8133: 8124: 8113: 8107: 8091: 8087: 8083: 8077: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8047: 8040: 8035: 8019: 8013: 8009: 7995: 7989: 7981: 7974: 7967: 7961: 7952: 7948: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7897: 7894: 7893: 7881: 7870: 7869: 7868: 7863: 7860: 7857: 7854: 7851: 7848: 7845: 7842: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7834: 7831: 7825: 7814: 7813: 7812: 7807: 7806:Besut Kingdom 7804: 7801: 7798: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7785: 7775: 7774: 7773: 7768: 7765: 7764: 7763: 7760: 7754: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7736: 7733: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7720: 7709: 7708: 7707: 7702: 7699: 7698: 7697: 7694: 7688: 7677: 7676: 7675: 7670: 7667: 7664: 7661: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7653: 7650: 7644: 7632: 7620: 7608: 7597: 7596: 7595: 7590: 7587: 7584: 7581: 7578: 7575: 7574: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7562: 7551: 7550: 7549: 7544: 7541: 7538: 7537:Gangga Negara 7535: 7534: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7522: 7510: 7498: 7487: 7485: 7473: 7462: 7451: 7440: 7430: 7429: 7428: 7423: 7420: 7417: 7414: 7411: 7408: 7407:Reman Kingdom 7405: 7402: 7399: 7396: 7393: 7390: 7387: 7384: 7381: 7380: 7379: 7376: 7370: 7369:South Sumatra 7359: 7358: 7357: 7352: 7349: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7330: 7319: 7318: 7317: 7312: 7309: 7306: 7303: 7300: 7297: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7286:Pahang Malays 7284: 7278: 7277:North Sumatra 7267: 7266: 7265: 7260: 7257: 7254: 7251: 7248: 7245: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7226: 7215: 7213: 7200: 7188: 7176: 7165: 7163: 7150: 7139: 7138: 7137: 7132: 7129: 7126: 7123: 7120: 7117: 7116: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7104: 7098: 7087: 7086: 7085: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7075: 7072: 7066: 7056: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7049:Loloan Malays 7047: 7041: 7030: 7029: 7028: 7023: 7020: 7017: 7014: 7011: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7004: 6998: 6988: 6986: 6975: 6965: 6963: 6951: 6939: 6927: 6916: 6915: 6914: 6909: 6906: 6903: 6900: 6897: 6896:Setul Kingdom 6894: 6891: 6888: 6885: 6884:Kedah Kingdom 6882: 6879: 6876: 6874:(1st century) 6873: 6870: 6869:Bujang Valley 6867: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6854: 6843: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6833: 6830: 6827: 6826: 6825: 6822: 6816: 6805: 6803: 6791: 6779: 6768: 6766: 6765:North Sumatra 6753: 6752:South Sumatra 6742: 6741: 6740: 6735: 6732: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6719: 6713: 6702: 6701: 6700: 6695: 6692: 6689: 6686: 6684:(7th century) 6683: 6682:Jambi Kingdom 6680: 6679: 6678: 6675: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6658: 6647: 6645: 6633: 6621: 6610: 6608: 6595: 6584: 6583: 6582: 6577: 6574: 6571: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6553: 6550: 6544: 6532: 6520: 6509: 6507: 6496: 6495: 6494: 6489: 6486: 6483: 6480: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6467: 6466:Berau Regency 6457: 6456: 6455: 6450: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6431: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6407: 6396: 6395:Mueang Pathum 6392: 6381: 6377: 6367: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6354: 6343: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6331: 6328: 6326:Ethnic group 6325: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6282: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6255: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6192: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6163: 6159: 6149: 6147: 6146:Ancient Egypt 6143: 6139: 6134: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6123: 6117: 6115: 6111: 6110:craftsmanship 6107: 6103: 6101: 6095: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6080: 6079: 6074: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6054: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6039:Galah panjang 6030: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6011: 6006: 6002: 6001:Bow and Arrow 5998: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5977: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5935:Badik Panjang 5932: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5861: 5856: 5855: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5834: 5830: 5825: 5822: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5780: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5753:Keris Pangkat 5750: 5744: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5723: 5719: 5711: 5706: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5673: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5654: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5638:cucuk sanggul 5636:(brooch) and 5635: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5614: 5610: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5545: 5539:Metal working 5536: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5517: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5500: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5450: 5442: 5437: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5413:Gotong-royong 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5341: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5317:Islamic month 5314: 5310: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5294:Awal Muharram 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5270:Nisfu Syaaban 5267: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5239: 5235: 5234:Perak Royalty 5231: 5227: 5223: 5218: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5203:Balik Kampung 5200: 5196: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5119: 5110: 5106: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5043: 5039: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5015: 5011: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4951: 4944: 4939: 4930: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4881:theatre from 4880: 4879: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4853: 4848: 4847: 4842: 4839:theatre from 4838: 4837: 4832: 4831: 4826: 4825: 4820: 4819: 4814: 4813: 4807: 4805: 4801: 4800:Wayang Melayu 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4784:Wayang Melayu 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4721:Royal Regalia 4718: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4657:Siamese Malay 4653: 4644: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4582:national dish 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4516: 4511: 4510: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4447: 4446: 4441: 4440: 4435: 4434: 4429: 4428:South Sumatra 4425: 4424: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4410: 4407: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4392: 4391:North Sumatra 4388: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4376: 4371: 4370: 4367: 4362: 4361: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4347: 4342: 4341: 4340:rojak bandung 4336: 4332: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4301: 4296: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4260: 4259:keropok lekor 4255: 4254: 4249: 4248: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4229: 4228:Malay cuisine 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4200: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4118:Kuala Kangsar 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4096: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4072: 4068: 4067:Kuala Kangsar 4064: 4060: 4055: 4046: 4042: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3947: 3945: 3944:wood carvings 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3913: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3893: 3892:Muzium Negara 3889: 3884: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3873:Bujang Valley 3870: 3866: 3862: 3859:around south 3858: 3857: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3762: 3757: 3756: 3755:Awal Muharram 3751: 3750: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3735: 3730: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3718: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3690: 3685: 3683: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3580: 3579: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3500: 3496: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3455: 3454: 3449: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3424: 3423: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3386: 3381: 3379: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3306: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3227:Palembangnese 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3176: 3174: 3173:coup de grâce 3170: 3167:, where mass 3166: 3162: 3160: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3110: 3109:lingua franca 3104: 3099: 3097: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3064:Cocos Islands 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3034:Jawi alphabet 3029: 3021: 3017: 3012: 2998: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2959: 2958:Malayan Union 2955: 2950: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2907:titular heads 2904: 2903:unitary state 2900: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2884:secular state 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2868:Bangsa Melayu 2865: 2860: 2859:over Malaya. 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2772: 2771:Utusan Melayu 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2691: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607:King of Setul 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2515:upper portion 2508: 2504: 2500: 2499:Kuala Kangsar 2496: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2466: 2461: 2459: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2435:in China and 2434: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2297:. During the 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2255:Cocos Islands 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2219:Dutch Malacca 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2188:coup de grâce 2185: 2184:Kedah Kingdom 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2022:protectorates 2019: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1976:(1728–1948), 1975: 1972:(1632–1946), 1971: 1967: 1964:(1460–1907), 1963: 1959: 1958:Reman Kingdom 1956:(1516–1771), 1955: 1951: 1947: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1907:Kota Seludong 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1864: 1863:sociocultural 1859: 1855: 1854:(1824–1911). 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1832:conquistadors 1830: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1732: 1730: 1729:Banjar people 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1586:Chola dynasty 1582: 1580: 1579:lingua franca 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1528:Gangga Negara 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1501:Hindu temples 1498: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1478:Bujang Valley 1474: 1473:Bay of Bengal 1470: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1428:Greater India 1414: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1397:Austroasiatic 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1368: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1256:and later to 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1196:of today are 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1169: 1165: 1153: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1087:chiara Malaiu 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1057: 1053: 1047: 1038: 1031: 1023: 1016: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 987:Iskandar Shah 984: 980: 976: 968: 964: 960: 956: 955: 951: 948: 944: 940: 939: 935: 932: 930: 924: 923:Ram Khamhaeng 920: 916: 912: 911: 907: 904: 900: 896: 895: 891: 888: 884: 880: 876: 875: 871: 868: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 820: 816: 812: 811: 807: 804: 800: 796: 792: 791: 787: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 763: 759: 758: 757: 755: 751: 741: 739: 736:'me' and the 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 692: 691:Sungai Melayu 687: 686: 677: 673: 669: 668: 663: 659: 655: 648: 644: 640: 636: 627: 625: 621: 617: 612: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 581: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 503: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 480:Gangga Negara 477: 473: 469: 465: 464:Austroasiatic 461: 457: 451: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 378: 370: 366: 362: 358: 357: 348: 324: 317: 316: 311: 306: 295: 292: 287: 282: 279: 274: 269: 266: 262: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 235: 231: 227: 225:United States 223: 219: 215: 211: 209: 205: 201: 199: 195: 191: 189: 185: 181:(2020 census) 178: 176: 172: 168: 166: 162: 158:(2010 census) 155: 153: 149: 145:(2023 census) 142: 140: 136: 129: 127: 126: 121: 116: 113: 106: 101: 96: 95: 90: 89: 84: 83: 78: 77: 72: 71: 66: 65: 58: 53: 44: 39: 30: 26: 22: 17360:Malay people 17346: 17259:Cocos Malays 17125:Orang Sungai 17048: 16898:Bangladeshis 16702:Singaporeans 16608:/expatriates 16334:Orang Sungai 15871:Cocos Malays 15862: 15828:Pahang Malay 15779: 15753: 15743: 15203:Tau Taa Wana 14631:Talang Mamak 14562: 14417:Brunei Malay 14398: 14269:. Retrieved 14247: 14243: 14234: 14185: 14181: 14159: 14141: 14129:. Retrieved 14124: 14105:. Retrieved 14101:the original 14096: 14081:. Retrieved 14077:the original 14064: 14033: 14015: 14003:. Retrieved 13999:the original 13994: 13982:the original 13978:Brunei Times 13977: 13955: 13928: 13909: 13891: 13870: 13862:the original 13857: 13835: 13816: 13804:, retrieved 13800:the original 13794: 13790: 13777:. Retrieved 13761: 13748:. Retrieved 13731: 13728:Orang Melayu 13727: 13700: 13696: 13685:, retrieved 13675: 13663:the original 13657: 13655:TED (1999), 13638: 13620: 13602: 13584: 13565: 13543: 13516: 13512: 13490: 13472: 13454: 13430:(1): 17–23. 13427: 13423: 13410: 13406: 13394:. Retrieved 13387:the original 13382: 13378: 13353: 13334: 13315: 13302:. Retrieved 13293: 13277:. Retrieved 13268: 13263: 13254: 13248: 13235:, retrieved 13215: 13195: 13174: 13155: 13143:, retrieved 13127:, ABC-CLIO, 13123: 13101: 13083: 13071:. Retrieved 13067:the original 13062: 13047:, retrieved 13040:the original 13021: 13016: 12996: 12974: 12956: 12940: 12922: 12901: 12889:. Retrieved 12880: 12858: 12840: 12829:, retrieved 12815: 12796: 12780: 12762: 12753: 12731: 12720:, retrieved 12716:the original 12710: 12690: 12671: 12653: 12642:, retrieved 12638:the original 12632: 12613: 12601: 12583: 12562: 12544: 12535: 12516: 12498: 12480: 12462: 12446: 12428: 12417:, retrieved 12407: 12388: 12387:IBP (2007), 12370: 12345: 12327: 12309: 12287: 12269: 12251: 12239:. Retrieved 12217: 12213: 12204: 12183: 12171:, retrieved 12155:, Springer, 12151: 12132: 12119:17 September 12117:. Retrieved 12100: 12096: 12074: 12056: 12038: 12021: 12017: 11999: 11983: 11962: 11954: 11950: 11935:, Springer, 11932: 11914: 11895: 11883:, retrieved 11876:the original 11867: 11848: 11837:, retrieved 11833:the original 11827: 11808: 11798: 11779: 11759: 11747:. Retrieved 11727: 11705: 11694:, retrieved 11684: 11665: 11647: 11628: 11610: 11592: 11574: 11556: 11538: 11520: 11508:. Retrieved 11499: 11495: 11489: 11478: 11466:. Retrieved 11462:the original 11458:The Patriots 11457: 11435: 11417: 11405:. Retrieved 11401:the original 11395: 11374: 11361:. Retrieved 11357:the original 11351: 11338:. Retrieved 11334:the original 11311: 11300:, retrieved 11290: 11271: 11253: 11212: 11208: 11190: 11181:Bibliography 11166: 11154: 11149:, p. 39 11121: 11109: 11097:. Retrieved 11093:the original 11088: 11079: 11057:, p. 74 10980:Colling 1973 10946: 10934: 10922: 10910: 10898: 10893:, p. 51 10871: 10864:Ziegler 1972 10859: 10847: 10840:Lockard 2009 10835: 10823: 10815: 10809: 10798: 10770:Zakaria 2016 10750: 10738:. Retrieved 10734:the original 10729: 10719: 10707:. Retrieved 10703:the original 10699:"Metal Work" 10677:. Retrieved 10668: 10642: 10635:Draeger 1992 10630: 10618: 10606: 10594: 10582: 10570: 10558: 10553:, p. 2. 10546: 10503:. Retrieved 10499:the original 10494: 10485: 10473: 10466:Matusky 1993 10461: 10456:, p. 3. 10449: 10437: 10425: 10413: 10401:. Retrieved 10393:Malaysia.com 10392: 10389:"Nasi Lemak" 10383: 10371: 10359: 10352:Winarno 2010 10347: 10335: 10309:. Retrieved 10300: 10276: 10264: 10251: 10242: 10230: 10218:. Retrieved 10214:the original 10203: 10191: 10179: 10167: 10155: 10143: 10131: 10124:Chihara 1996 10119: 10092: 10080:. Retrieved 10076:the original 10066: 10054: 10042: 10030: 10018: 10013:, p. 57 9976: 9972: 9962: 9950:. Retrieved 9941: 9932: 9920: 9908: 9869:Littrup 1996 9864: 9852:. Retrieved 9843: 9834: 9826:the original 9821: 9812: 9800: 9788: 9776: 9764: 9757:Sweeney 1987 9752: 9745:Sneddon 2003 9740: 9733:Sneddon 2003 9728: 9723:, p. 59 9721:Sneddon 2003 9697: 9685: 9658: 9646: 9619: 9607: 9595: 9568: 9556: 9544: 9532:. Retrieved 9522: 9515: 9503: 9491: 9479: 9472:Ganguly 1997 9467: 9455: 9443: 9431: 9419: 9414:, p. 15 9407: 9395: 9383: 9371: 9364:Sneddon 2003 9359: 9347: 9335: 9308: 9281: 9274:Wolters 1999 9269: 9262:Stearns 2001 9257: 9245: 9233: 9228:, p. 9. 9221: 9209: 9197: 9177: 9170: 9158: 9131:. Retrieved 9122: 9112: 9083: 9071:. Retrieved 9044: 9040: 9030: 8977: 8973: 8962: 8950: 8943:Terrell 1999 8938: 8926: 8914: 8902: 8890: 8878: 8866: 8854: 8838: 8831:Murdock 1969 8826: 8819:Barnard 2004 8814: 8802:. Retrieved 8790: 8786: 8762:the original 8752: 8740: 8719: 8707:. Retrieved 8687: 8680: 8668: 8663:, p. 4. 8661:Barnard 2004 8656: 8640: 8628: 8621:Cordier 2009 8616: 8604: 8592:. Retrieved 8583: 8574: 8567:Muljana 1981 8562: 8543: 8534: 8525: 8519: 8512:I Ching 2005 8507: 8495: 8490:, p. 8. 8483: 8471: 8459: 8447: 8435: 8423: 8418:, p. 3. 8416:Barnard 2004 8411: 8399: 8382: 8378: 8372: 8365:Barnard 2004 8360: 8348: 8336: 8324: 8302:Barnard 2004 8282: 8272: 8260:. Retrieved 8246: 8234:. Retrieved 8223: 8214: 8202:. Retrieved 8193: 8184: 8172:. Retrieved 8168:the original 8158: 8146:. Retrieved 8142:the original 8132: 8123: 8106: 8094:. Retrieved 8085: 8076: 8064:. Retrieved 8060:the original 8055: 8046: 8034: 8022:. Retrieved 8012: 7988: 7973: 7960: 7951: 7619:Riau Islands 7162:Riau Islands 7107: 6872:Civilisation 6722: 6607:Riau Islands 6555: 6552:Bugis-Malays 6439:Berau Malays 6287: 6216:Malay titles 6193: 6181: 6177:Arabic names 6165: 6135: 6126: 6120: 6118: 6113: 6099: 6096: 6076: 6075: 6071:Malay Annals 6060: 6058: 6018: 6008: 6007:, a type of 6004: 5996: 5988: 5985:Kapak Binjai 5984: 5980: 5974: 5970: 5969:, including 5962: 5958: 5954: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5924: 5920: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5892: 5888: 5882: 5870: 5864: 5858: 5852: 5848: 5840: 5837: 5826: 5818: 5801: 5791: 5769:Malam Jumaat 5768: 5764: 5756: 5752: 5749:Keris Pusaka 5748: 5745: 5725: 5722:Bedil (term) 5674: 5669: 5665: 5655: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5606: 5556: 5533:Funan Empire 5525:Indo-Chinese 5518: 5514:Pencak Silat 5510:Silat Melayu 5505: 5483: 5467:Riau Islands 5456: 5453:Silat Melayu 5441:Silat Melayu 5431:Martial arts 5420: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5392: 5389:circumcision 5384: 5376: 5372: 5369:Cukur Jambul 5368: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5342: 5329:Pesta Menuai 5328: 5312: 5308: 5306: 5297: 5266:Bubur Ashura 5265: 5243: 5237: 5221: 5206: 5194: 5192: 5141:The rise of 5140: 5126: 5107: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5044: 5040: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4968:Song dynasty 4961: 4957: 4914: 4894: 4886: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4850: 4844: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4808: 4804:Wayang Gedek 4803: 4799: 4795: 4792:Wayang Purwa 4791: 4787: 4783: 4780:Wayang Purwa 4779: 4776:Wayang Gedek 4775: 4764:Wayang Kulit 4757: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4724: 4715: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4674: 4655:A troupe of 4633:Minangkabaus 4608: 4604: 4600: 4594: 4589: 4585: 4574:coconut milk 4568: 4555: 4538: 4532: 4529:coconut milk 4526: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4504:South Africa 4493: 4479: 4473: 4461:terang bulan 4459: 4453: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4421: 4417: 4404: 4394: 4386: 4383:Riau Islands 4373: 4364: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4338: 4328: 4320: 4312: 4298: 4292: 4275: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4231: 4211: 4196: 4188: 4180: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4148: 4144: 4136: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4124:, including 4121: 4113: 4101: 4099: 4091: 4076: 4058: 4043: 4030: 4025: 4019: 4010:circumcision 3948: 3932:timber-frame 3928:Malay houses 3925: 3910: 3908: 3897: 3876: 3863:between the 3854: 3852: 3847: 3841: 3838:Buddha image 3816: 3810:and ancient 3801: 3792:Malay Annals 3778:Rumah Melayu 3772:Architecture 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3731: 3715: 3704:Muslim world 3700:Islamisation 3686: 3681:masuk Melayu 3679: 3668: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3592: 3582: 3576: 3558: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3537: 3535: 3519:Malay Annals 3516: 3504:Wayang Kulit 3495:of the era. 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3458: 3451: 3445: 3427: 3420: 3414: 3404: 3398: 3392: 3382: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3357: 3353: 3348:relating to 3339: 3323: 3312: 3243: 3239:Terengganuan 3196: 3177: 3169:latinisation 3156: 3142: 3134:Manado Malay 3126:Bazaar Malay 3121: 3117: 3113: 3107: 3100: 3087:Austronesian 3080: 3040:Austronesian 3037: 2971:Malay rulers 2963: 2951: 2933:during the " 2931:East Sumatra 2896: 2867: 2861: 2848: 2832: 2824: 2814: 2800: 2787:Malay states 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2746: 2738:Riau Islands 2707: 2673: 2631: 2571:Sungai Golok 2569:, including 2525:, Legeh and 2512: 2487:Malay Rulers 2469: 2465:Pulau Lontar 2462: 2446: 2444:naval base. 2413: 2386: 2378:lower Borneo 2366:White Rajahs 2352:against the 2350:Castille War 2347: 2326:crown prince 2321: 2317: 2299:World War II 2259:Malay rulers 2247:Indian Ocean 2215:Johor Empire 2196: 2084:Malay states 2081: 2073:Dutch Empire 2018:colonisation 2015: 1943: 1939:Malayisation 1868: 1826: 1821: 1810:Malayisation 1805:Islamisation 1798: 1767: 1760: 1745:Malayisation 1735:Islamisation 1721:ethnogenesis 1693:Lavo Kingdom 1689: 1658: 1603: 1598: 1583: 1565:and western 1560: 1509: 1486: 1466: 1436: 1388: 1374: 1365:diffusionist 1357: 1337: 1312: 1297:Ladies from 1217: 1194:Proto-Malays 1186:Austronesian 1182:Proto-Malays 1178:Melayu purba 1177: 1173: 1171: 1149: 1142:Cekak Musang 1141: 1122:Hikayat Aceh 1121: 1120:(ca. 1821). 1109: 1105: 1103: 1094: 1086: 1064: 1036: 998: 990: 982: 978: 972: 965:to refer to 963:Adityawarman 953: 952: 937: 936: 926: 915:Yuan dynasty 909: 908: 894:Bhūmi Mālayu 893: 892: 873: 872: 861: 858:Ming dynasty 854:Yuan dynasty 849: 848:(Kedah) and 845: 837: 825: 819:Tang dynasty 809: 808: 789: 788: 783:Suvarnadvipa 762:Malaya Dwipa 761: 760: 747: 729: 699:Melayu river 685:Malay Annals 683: 681: 672:Sang Sapurba 665: 613: 587:such as the 578: 571:Malayisation 567:Islamisation 523:ethnogenesis 504: 452: 416:Riau Islands 390:and coastal 377:Austronesian 365:Orang Melayu 322: 321: 313: 123: 111: 92: 86: 80: 74: 73:paired with 68: 62: 43:Orang Melayu 42: 32:Ethnic group 29: 17316:Indonesians 17239:Sino-Native 16971:Australians 16854:Minangkabau 16817:Bugis-Malay 16631:Bangladeshi 16494:Sino-Native 16027:Orang Kuala 16017:Orang Kanaq 16007:Proto-Malay 15933:Minangkabau 15912:Bugis-Malay 15863:Anak Dagang 15549:Tanimbarese 15263:Ekari (Mee) 15138:Gorontaloan 14774:Aneuk Jamee 14769:Minangkabau 14725:Bugis-Malay 14616:Orang Rimba 14611:Orang Kuala 14564:Indonesians 14497:expatriates 14005:20 November 13795:Communities 13073:20 November 12891:28 November 12419:20 November 12241:22 November 12205:Baju Kurung 11885:27 November 11696:22 November 11468:20 November 11038:Husain 2007 11009:Othman 1983 10876:McNair 2002 10828:Leyden 1821 10697:Karyaneka. 10647:Farrer 2009 10539:Hassan 2016 10311:22 November 10082:28 February 10047:Burgat 2003 9690:Wright 2007 9561:Herwig 1980 9534:28 February 9412:Harper 2001 9376:Milner 2010 9117:Sabrizain. 9047:(1): 1–32. 8709:8 September 8673:Milner 2010 8633:Wright 2004 8500:Gerini 1974 8488:Sarkar 1970 8353:Milner 2010 8341:Milner 2010 8329:Milner 2010 8287:Milner 2010 8204:28 December 8066:29 December 7852:(1675–1944) 7843:(1771–1950) 7808:(1780–1899) 7737:(1299–1398) 7671:(1598–1641) 7591:(1824–1911) 7570:Riau Malays 7409:(1785–1902) 7403:(1603–1689) 7397:(1516–1902) 7353:(1550–1823) 7307:(1770–1881) 7301:(1470–1623) 7261:(1728–1946) 7255:(1568–1946) 7249:(1630–1946) 7243:(1630–1946) 7127:(1725–1949) 7121:(1183–1347) 7119:Dharmasraya 7110:Minangkabau 7081:(1402–1511) 6904:(1839–1864) 6898:(1808–1916) 6837:(1855–1877) 6736:(1550–1823) 6696:(1460–1907) 6690:(1183–1347) 6688:Dharmasraya 6578:(1824–1911) 6272:Thai Malays 6158:Malay names 6131:Malay kites 6088:Asian Games 6067:kite flying 5854:Ekor Lotong 5763:, known as 5718:Taming Sari 5686:Tepak Sireh 5650:granulation 5642:Tepak sirih 5626:Belt buckle 5589:Kubang Pasu 5461:(including 5353:Doa Selamat 5313:Puja Pantai 5309:Mandi Safar 5282:Nuzul Quran 5211:Eid prayers 5145:managed to 5091:baju layang 5049:(shirt) or 5036:archipelago 5019:Baju Kurung 4954:Baju Kurung 4950:Baju Melayu 4943:Eid al-Fitr 4917:dance from 4889:dance from 4866:Ulek mayang 4796:Wayang Siam 4788:Wayang Siam 4772:Mahabharata 4760:shadow play 4739:(trumpet), 4729:kettledrums 4685:Dikir barat 4613:Eid ul-Fitr 4601:nasi himpit 4586:Nasi Minyak 4558:staple food 4500:Cape Malays 4492:and unique 4481:ayam pansuh 4475:bubur pedas 4445:nasi minyak 4396:nasi goreng 4253:nasi kerabu 4247:nasi dagang 4216:smoked duck 4151:, used for 4114:Labu Sayung 4059:Labu Sayong 4022:visual arts 4014:Kelantanese 3987:Minangkabau 3940:ventilation 3865:mount Jerai 3850:of Chaiya. 3563:, a famous 3544:, known as 3508:Shadow play 3493:magna opera 3430:Jawi script 3422:Hitopadesha 3411:Śukasaptati 3270:Rumi script 3262:Jawi script 3215:Kelantanese 3018:written in 2829:Pan-Islamic 2768:(1935) and 2749:periodicals 2654:coup d'etat 2575:Sungai Padi 2380:vassals to 2287:handed over 2249:islands of 2180:Kubang Pasu 2112:Tambralinga 2006:Bugis-Malay 1919:Philippines 1869:Across the 1757:, Indonesia 1661:Tambralinga 1649:Parameswara 1622:Parameswara 1593:during the 1453:Tambralinga 1443:located in 1303:Baju Kurung 1254:Philippines 1214:Orang Kanaq 1206:Orang Kuala 1174:Melayu asli 1151:kain sarong 995:Parameswara 967:Dharmasraya 910:Ma-li-yu-er 903:Dharmasraya 887:Muaro Jambi 790:Maleu-kolon 771:Vayu Purana 624:transmitted 605:Minangkabau 580:anak dagang 575:Malay world 278:Sunni Islam 143:17,600,000 125:Malay world 88:baju kurung 70:baju melayu 17354:Categories 17326:Pakistanis 17217:Non-native 17179:Lun Bawang 17142:Sama-Bajau 17059:Bumiputera 16955:Vietnamese 16945:Pakistanis 16935:Malaysians 16712:Vietnamese 16666:Indonesian 16552:Sri Lankan 16356:Sama-Bajau 16324:Lun Bawang 16200:Lun Bawang 16133:Semaq Beri 16022:Orang Laut 15997:Peninsular 15984:Orang Asal 15901:Mandailing 15755:Bumiputera 15745:Malaysians 15688:Portuguese 15646:Klingalese 15088:Orang Laut 14926:Lun Bawang 14900:Kalimantan 14856:Kangeanese 14849:Tenggerese 14839:Banyumasan 14834:Cirebonese 14678:Toba Batak 14673:Simalungun 14663:Mandailing 14626:Petalangan 14581:Aboriginal 14513:Indonesian 14390:indigenous 14131:10 January 13858:Detik Food 13732:Orang Jawa 13687:17 October 13396:15 January 13237:27 October 13145:27 October 12881:Malay Mail 12722:4 February 12173:27 October 11992:1068575751 11688:, Scribd, 10611:Green 2001 10575:James 1994 10418:Moore 1998 9979:(3): 219. 9952:3 December 9793:Clyne 1992 9702:Teeuw 1959 9573:Campo 2002 9520:"Brunei". 9496:Ramli 1999 9286:Pande 2006 9238:Cœdès 1968 9151:Munoz 2006 9088:Devan 2010 8931:Razak 2012 8845:, p. 8688:The Malays 8647:, p. 8584:guoxue.com 8452:Gopal 2000 8440:Pande 2006 8236:2 December 8082:"Thailand" 8024:17 January 8004:References 7864:(880–1590) 7824:Terengganu 7461:Narathiwat 7389:Langkasuka 6878:Langkasuka 6391:Lam Luk Ka 6318:Kalimantan 6312:, coastal 6262:See also: 6204:honorifics 6184:patronymic 6078:Sepak Raga 6062:Sepak Raga 6037:See also: 5981:Kuku Macan 5897:human body 5879:ammunition 5716:See also: 5666:Awan Larat 5561:Terengganu 5529:kickboxing 5479:Langkasuka 5357:Kesyukuran 5272:, the Mid- 5207:Balik Raya 5199:homecoming 5167:Aildifitri 5087:baju sikap 5055:baju rompi 4849:dance and 4836:Mek Mulung 4711:frame drum 4703:rebana ubi 4637:Pagaruyung 4605:Idul Fitri 4570:Nasi lemak 4547:lemongrass 4521:koe'sister 4498:dish; and 4490:Nasi katok 4488:for their 4430:for their 4393:for their 4385:for their 4378:ikan patin 4375:asam pedas 4369:ikan patin 4355:ikan patin 4346:roti prata 4337:for their 4313:bunga kuda 4294:asam laksa 4244:for their 4238:Terengganu 4220:white rice 4181:Bekas Bara 4177:Terengganu 4147:is called 4110:terracotta 4073:, Malaysia 3997:Visual art 3975:Portuguese 3900:Langkasuka 3869:Muda River 3776:See also: 3729:of India. 3727:Durga Puja 3721:festival ( 3656:common era 3613:See also: 3599:pilgrimage 3276:Literature 3235:Sarawakian 3203:Bangkanese 3032:See also: 2911:pretenders 2801:The Malay 2712:i. e. the 2698:See also: 2619:Terengganu 2539:Terengganu 2279:Terengganu 2026:Portuguese 1829:Portuguese 1822:Kemelayuan 1790:Terengganu 1782:Terengganu 1637:Srivijayan 1606:Orang laut 1532:Langkasuka 1379:, and the 1358:Proponent 1351:driven by 1305:made from 1282:Hoabinhian 989:named the 954:Malayapura 943:Marco Polo 803:Geographia 765:, "Malaya 710:Musi River 676:progenitor 601:Mandailing 563:Orang Laut 559:Orang Asli 476:Langkasuka 440:Narathiwat 373:أورڠ ملايو 315:Kemelayuan 198:Arab world 133:30 million 112:30 million 64:akad nikah 47:اورڠ ملايو 21:Malay race 17321:Filipinos 17244:Banjarese 17101:Mangka'ak 16915:Filipinos 16908:Taiwanese 16893:Armenians 16834:Eurasians 16807:Banjarese 16697:Pakistani 16596:Chindians 16571:Peranakan 16481:Peranakan 16452:Hainanese 16442:Cantonese 16407:(Sam-Sam) 16380:Peranakan 16285:Mangka'ak 16180:Orang Ulu 16118:Cheq Wong 15955:Sundanese 15923:Baweanese 15891:Banjarese 15780:Anak Jati 15683:Pakistani 15678:Mardijker 15629:Peranakan 15430:Manggarai 15413:Lamaholot 15273:Ketengban 15193:Sangirese 15173:Mongondow 15168:Minahasan 15163:Mandarese 15143:Kalumpang 15076:Pontianak 15047:Punan Bah 14963:Uma Baka' 14938:Apo Kayan 14917:Apo Duat 14888:Bantenese 14878:Sundanese 14791:Palembang 14321:Singapore 14297:Indonesia 13750:25 August 13717:224792124 13446:108510191 13304:24 August 13279:25 August 12957:Sriwijaya 12949:565235680 12789:0217-7773 12455:0277-3066 12109:1985-496X 11768:0419-4209 11668:, BRILL, 11510:24 August 11363:25 August 11159:Said 2012 10755:Niza 2016 10403:24 August 10281:Said 2002 10269:Said 2005 9995:2077-1444 9973:Religions 9913:Boyd 1999 9886:Ford 1899 9781:Wong 1973 9612:Chew 1999 9588:Amin 1995 9063:2770-5005 9004:0027-8424 8955:Baer 1999 8793:(1): 86. 8745:Ryan 1976 8609:Hall 1981 8464:Ahir 1995 8428:Deka 2007 8127:"CIA (B)" 7753:Singapore 7345:Srivijaya 7225:Singapore 6815:Singapore 6657:Singapore 6380:Nong Chok 6298:Singapore 6010:Baju Besi 5971:Lawi Ayam 5963:Segenggam 5798:matchlock 5793:Istinggar 5736:Majapahit 5682:religious 5634:keronsang 5622:jewellery 5597:Ayutthaya 5577:Nong Chik 5557:Bunga Mas 5549:Bunga Mas 5527:forms of 5502:Hang Tuah 5499:Laksamana 5463:Singapore 5373:Bertindik 5171:Aidiladha 5163:Hari Raya 5123:oil lamps 5079:tengkolok 5017:The word 4996:Kelingkam 4911:Palembang 4824:Mak Inang 4815:theatre, 4812:Bangsawan 4762:known as 4609:Hari Raya 4360:Pangasius 4335:Singapore 4315:dessert; 4189:Jambangan 3808:Srivijaya 3692:mysticism 3573:Singapore 3546:Kitab Tib 3231:Pattanese 3184:Singapore 3161:in Europe 3149:Thomassin 3145:Tavernier 3091:Old Malay 3072:Sri Lanka 3056:Singapore 3052:Indonesia 2987:Singapore 2888:feudalism 2864:Malayness 2825:Kaum Muda 2821:Islamists 2716:. In the 2670:Hang Tuah 2603:abdicated 2411:in 1911. 2328:) of the 2322:Raja Muda 2318:Long Raya 2261:accepted 2211:Singapore 2182:from the 2174:, Langu, 1755:Pontianak 1673:Sri Lanka 1641:Palembang 1520:Srivijaya 1461:Sri Lanka 1410:Polynesia 1344:Sundaland 1299:Palembang 1237:Negroids. 840:with the 830:Srivijaya 801:'s work, 738:root word 714:Palembang 662:Palembang 630:Etymology 593:Banjarese 511:Malayness 500:Srivijaya 444:Singapore 400:Indonesia 259:Languages 208:Australia 175:Singapore 169:2,150,950 156:8,553,791 152:Indonesia 25:Malayalis 17336:Bengalis 17301:Timorese 17234:Butonese 17229:Javanese 17196:Bulungan 17135:Tambanuo 17106:Maragang 16925:Japanese 16844:Javanese 16812:Buginese 16683:(former) 16676:Japanese 16656:Filipino 16640:Rohingya 16625:Hadhrami 16537:Malayali 16522:Gujarati 16394:Kristang 16344:Tambanuo 16290:Maragang 16113:Mah Meri 15999:Malaysia 15928:Makassar 15918:Javanese 15886:Acehnese 15663:Japanese 15636:Filipino 15604:Chindian 15599:Armenian 15522:Ambonese 15505:Manusela 15488:Moluccan 15440:Rotenese 15393:Bimanese 15388:Balinese 15383:Bali Aga 15153:Makassar 15133:Bonerate 15128:Butonese 15118:Buginese 15110:Sulawesi 15035:Bakumpai 15023:Ma'anyan 15018:Lawangan 15013:Ot Danum 14977:Kendayan 14861:Madurese 14829:Javanese 14801:Simeulue 14762:Sakuddei 14757:Mentawai 14638:Acehnese 14509:Filipino 14333:Thailand 14309:Malaysia 14235:The Star 14222:21483678 14182:PLOS ONE 14065:BBC News 13934:New York 13890:(1999), 13770:Archived 13741:Archived 13681:archived 13673:(1959), 13563:(2001), 13535:18359946 13298:Archived 13273:Archived 13255:Changwat 13249:Changwat 13231:archived 13194:(2006). 13139:archived 13121:(2004), 12994:(1969), 12921:(1984), 12885:Archived 12825:archived 12612:(2007), 12582:(2004), 12413:archived 12365:(2005), 12232:Archived 12167:archived 12131:(1981), 12113:Archived 12030:41502911 11982:(1974), 11778:(2009), 11743:Archived 11725:(1968). 11690:archived 11685:Tembikar 11504:Archived 11296:archived 11245:34341816 11237:20007900 11099:26 March 10951:IBP 2007 10852:Ooi 2004 10673:Archived 10397:Archived 10305:Archived 10256:Archived 9946:Archived 9848:Archived 9844:Omniglot 9822:The Star 9600:Tan 1988 9528:Archived 9526:. 2022. 9508:Ali 2010 9127:Archived 9073:15 April 9067:Archived 9022:33753512 8883:TED 1999 8843:Ooi 2004 8804:19 March 8795:Archived 8729:Archived 8703:Archived 8588:Archived 8542:(2013). 8262:23 March 8256:Archived 8230:Archived 8198:Archived 8090:Archived 8088:. 2022. 7890:See also 7719:Selangor 7509:Kelantan 7472:Songkhla 7187:Selangor 7040:Kelantan 6778:Selangor 6725:Javanese 6620:Selangor 6558:Buginese 6430:Bengkulu 6376:Min Buri 6240:Malaysia 6208:Malaysia 6173:Sanskrit 6102:spinning 6084:Malaysia 6053:Kelantan 5993:Blowpipe 5976:Kerambit 5947:Setangan 5943:Sepegang 5931:Setangan 5913:Selengan 5889:Istingar 5814:Selangor 5765:semangat 5732:Javanese 5700:Weaponry 5670:Kerawang 5658:filigree 5646:repoussé 5565:Kelantan 5417:urbanism 5262:Muharram 5254:Muhammad 5246:Ramadhan 5147:redefine 5131:Ramadhan 5099:pendekar 5083:headgear 5057:(vest), 4887:Canggung 4861:Kelantan 4768:Ramayana 4677:Mak Yong 4661:Mak Yong 4584:. While 4578:Malaysia 4551:galangal 4543:chillies 4506:for its 4472:for its 4452:for its 4439:mi celor 4423:tempoyak 4416:for its 4387:sup ikan 4353:for its 4330:cincalok 4319:for its 4311:for its 4280:tempoyak 4270:for its 4242:Kelantan 4169:Kelantan 4165:Terenang 4161:Terenang 4106:Kelantan 3867:and the 3834:Thailand 3812:isthmian 3766:apostasy 3664:Buddhism 3660:Hinduism 3652:semangat 3648:animists 3632:Ramadhan 3609:Religion 3589:Kelantan 3467:such as 3400:Ramayana 3346:folklore 3335:Gurindam 3266:Malaysia 3207:Bruneian 3188:Malaysia 3060:Thailand 3048:Malaysia 3006:Language 2983:Malaysia 2803:leftists 2797:in 1957. 2764:(1920), 2762:Pengasuh 2760:(1906), 2615:Kelantan 2577:; while 2553:groups, 2535:Kelantan 2416:Langkawi 2376:and its 2275:Kelantan 2253:and the 2223:Dindings 2132:Nongchik 2053:captured 1794:Malaysia 1778:Kelantan 1725:Acehnese 1599:Pamalayu 1497:Sanskrit 1493:Buddhism 1489:Hinduism 1449:Thailand 1367:claims. 1327:kampungs 1315:Iron Age 1278:Dong Son 1266:Sulawesi 1233:customs. 1231:Assamese 1071:Javanese 1067:ethnonym 975:Javanese 905:kingdom. 874:Malaiyur 867:Xuanzang 862:Ma-La-Yu 838:Mo-Lo-Yu 826:Mo-Lo-Yu 810:Mo-lo-yu 616:absorbed 609:Javanese 589:Acehnese 561:and the 432:Songkhla 420:Thailand 396:Malaysia 271:Religion 165:Thailand 139:Malaysia 17249:Bidayuh 17205:Kedayan 17116:Rumanau 17111:Minokok 17081:Kadazan 17050:Sabahan 16964:Oceania 16940:Nepalis 16930:Koreans 16920:Indians 16903:Chinese 16671:Iranian 16636:Burmese 16616:African 16532:Punjabi 16467:Henghua 16462:Foochow 16457:Teochew 16437:Hokkien 16423:Chinese 16319:Illanun 16300:Rumanau 16295:Minokok 16265:Kadazan 16235:Melanau 16226:Others 16190:Kelabit 16163:Bukitan 16158:Bidayuh 16145:Sarawak 16128:Jah Hut 16086:Mendriq 16039:Semelai 15970:Siamese 15938:Kerinci 15848:Kedayan 15614:Benteng 15609:Chinese 15582:African 15559:Togutil 15532:Wai Apu 15517:Ambelau 15465:Sumbawa 15363:Lesser 15338:Waropen 15318:Sentani 15283:Korowai 15253:Damalme 15238:Amungme 15208:Torajan 15052:Bukitan 15040:Meratus 14994:Mualang 14972:Bidayuh 14921:Kelabit 14806:Singkil 14786:Haloban 14750:Serdang 14740:Langkat 14700:Lampung 14685:Enggano 14653:Angkola 14573:Sumatra 14504:British 14483:Chinese 14458:Melanau 14427:Kedayan 14345:Society 14283:Portals 14271:22 June 14213:3071720 14190:Bibcode 14107:20 July 14083:20 July 13806:15 June 13779:15 June 13049:19 July 12644:15 June 12369:(ed.), 12363:I Ching 11839:21 June 11749:20 June 11407:29 July 11340:2 April 11302:15 June 11217:Bibcode 11209:Science 10740:30 July 10505:15 June 10220:24 June 9854:22 June 9133:21 June 9013:8020671 8982:Bibcode 8594:25 July 7687:Sarawak 7439:Pattani 7112:descent 7097:Malacca 6727:descent 6560:descent 6531:Sarawak 6314:Sarawak 6302:Bornean 6142:Congkak 6138:Mancala 6106:harvest 6019:Perisai 5926:Sundang 5909:Lembing 5893:Setubuh 5884:Terakor 5866:Rentaka 5845:cannons 5810:Serdang 5777:incense 5740:Malacca 5710:Sumatra 5694:Gamelan 5573:Pattani 5506:pesilat 5490:Pattani 5471:Sumatra 5465:), the 5425:caterer 5397:wedding 5349:kenduri 5325:Belimau 5278:fasting 5274:Sha'ban 5240:in 1925 5184:Ibrahim 5180:Ramadan 5176:fasting 5095:pending 5059:kancing 5004:Pelangi 4984:Telepok 4976:Songket 4919:Serdang 4903:Sarawak 4753:cymbals 4741:serunai 4733:gendang 4692:Gamelan 4629:rendang 4597:Ketupat 4534:belacan 4509:bobotie 4495:ambuyat 4470:Sarawak 4325:Malacca 4234:Pattani 4203:Cuisine 4185:incense 4145:Belanga 4141:curries 4137:Belanga 4102:Mambong 4083:utensil 4079:pottery 4049:Pottery 3963:British 3959:Siamese 3936:porches 3826:Sumatra 3804:Chinese 3591:), and 3565:Malacca 3438:romance 3315:servant 3260:-based 3254:Rencong 3246:Pallawa 3219:Kedahan 3211:Jambian 3153:Werndly 3001:Culture 2995:Sarawak 2923:Serdang 2919:Langkat 2758:Al-Imam 2555:Sendawa 2547:Tarutao 2424:Teretak 2397:Sumatra 2370:Sarawak 2364:to the 2354:Spanish 2342:Pattani 2164:Tongkah 2156:Rundung 2128:Saiburi 2088:Siamese 2034:British 1887:Sarawak 1883:Kuching 1792:state, 1705:Visayas 1703:in the 1618:Temasek 1556:Sumatra 1552:mandala 1512:Sumatra 1417:History 1340:Ice Age 1323:nomadic 1307:Songket 1274:Sumatra 1184:are of 1146:songket 1140:in the 1128:Origins 1099:Italian 991:Malaios 947:account 938:Malauir 799:Ptolemy 797:, from 775:Sumatra 752:to the 750:toponym 706:Sumatra 543:Sumatra 537:in the 460:Malayic 424:Pattani 404:Sumatra 384:Sumatra 238:~27,000 234:Myanmar 220:~33,000 202:~50,000 192:314,560 179:545,498 91:with a 82:songket 76:songkok 49:‎ 17375:Malaya 17209:Subpan 17200:Iranun 17192:Bisaya 17184:Rungus 17162:Tidung 17157:Ida'an 17130:Dumpas 17091:Kwijau 17067:Native 16829:Chitty 16800:Others 16692:Nepali 16687:Korean 16681:Jewish 16661:Indian 16562:Telugu 16508:Indian 16366:Tidong 16351:Rungus 16339:Dumpas 16314:Ida'an 16309:Bisaya 16275:Kwijau 16240:Miriek 16230:Bisaya 16215:Sa'ban 16195:Kenyah 16173:Selako 16123:Temiar 16091:Mintil 16081:Kintaq 16076:Kensiu 16056:Semang 16049:Temuan 15987:(Other 15673:Korean 15668:Jewish 15641:Indian 15564:Wemale 15554:Tobelo 15544:Lisela 15539:Kayeli 15510:Nuaulu 15423:Loloan 15403:Helong 15343:Wolani 15333:Wambon 15328:Tobati 15293:Marind 15278:Kombai 15213:Mamasa 15183:Pamona 15123:Bungku 15006:Tidung 14982:Selako 14958:Lebbo' 14953:Kenyah 14931:Sa'ban 14908:Banjar 14866:Bawean 14824:Betawi 14796:Rejang 14720:Asahan 14710:Lembak 14668:Pakpak 14488:Indian 14446:others 14437:Tutong 14412:Bisaya 14407:Belait 14399:Malays 14254: 14220: 14210: 14166: 14148: 14040: 14022: 13962: 13944: 13916: 13898: 13877: 13842: 13824: 13715: 13645: 13627: 13609: 13591: 13573: 13550: 13533: 13497: 13479: 13461: 13444: 13360: 13341: 13323: 13223: 13202: 13181: 13162: 13131: 13108: 13090: 13032: 13024:] 13004: 12981: 12963: 12947: 12929: 12908: 12865: 12847: 12831:4 June 12803: 12787: 12769: 12742: 12698: 12678: 12660: 12620: 12590: 12569: 12551: 12523: 12505: 12487: 12469: 12453: 12435: 12395: 12377: 12352: 12334: 12316: 12294: 12276: 12258: 12191: 12159: 12139: 12107: 12081: 12063: 12045: 12028: 12006: 11990: 11969: 11939: 11921: 11903: 11855: 11815: 11786: 11766: 11735: 11712: 11672: 11654: 11635: 11617: 11599: 11581: 11563: 11545: 11527: 11442: 11424: 11382: 11318: 11278: 11260: 11243: 11235: 11197: 10709:31 May 10679:31 May 9993: 9185: 9061: 9020: 9010: 9002: 8695: 8550: 8174:1 June 8148:1 June 7994:Malays 7980:Melayu 7966:Malays 7927:Brunei 7877: 7821: 7750: 7716: 7684: 7616: 7604: 7558: 7518: 7506: 7494: 7366: 7329:Pahang 7326: 7274: 7222: 7212:Pahang 7209: 7196: 7184: 7172: 7159: 7146: 7094: 7037: 6959: 6950:Penang 6947: 6938:Perlis 6935: 6923: 6850: 6812: 6799: 6790:Pahang 6787: 6775: 6762: 6749: 6709: 6654: 6644:Pahang 6641: 6629: 6617: 6604: 6591: 6540: 6528: 6519:Labuan 6516: 6506:Brunei 6503: 6427: 6350: 6274:, and 6212:Brunei 6200:titles 6114:Gasing 6100:Gasing 6023:shield 6017:) and 6015:armour 5995:) and 5989:sumpit 5951:dagger 5921:Pedang 5901:spears 5849:Meriam 5821:values 5790:of an 5761:spirit 5662:niello 5585:Rangae 5555:. 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