Malaysian Malays - Knowledge

578: 942: 685: 3626:, but are distinct from Melayu Minang (western), Melayu Jawa and Melayu Bugis (both southern). The Melayu Minang, Melayu Jawa and Melayu Bugis people show close relationship with the people of Indonesia, evidence of their shared common ancestry with these people. However, Melayu Minang are closer genetically to Melayu Kelantan and Melayu Kedah than they are to Melayu Jawa. Among the Melayu Kelantan and Melayu Kedah populations, there are significant Indian components, in particular from the 3674: 1008:, which is a form of Malay. Standard Malay differs from Indonesian in a number of ways, the most striking being in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation and spelling. Less obvious differences are present in grammar. The differences are rarely a barrier to effective communication between Indonesian and Malay speakers, but there are certainly enough differences to cause occasional misunderstandings, usually surrounding slang or dialect differences. 858:, which developed in the early 1900s, had a cultural rather than a political character. The discussions on a 'Malay nation' focussed on questions of identity and distinction in terms of customs, religion, and language, rather than politics. The debate surrounding the transition centred on the question of who could be called the real Malay, and the friction led to the emergence of various factions amongst Malay nationalists. The leftists from 55: 3229:

50% of the total Malays only in 1931, in Johor. After 1957, due to stricter government controls on the movements of Indonesians into Malaya, it is most unlikely to see similar immigration pattern in the past in Malaya. Because of their relatively small population and their close and strong cultural and ethnic relationships with the indigenous Malays, within decades, most of these Indonesian immigrants were effectively

3611:, China, thought to be about 4,000–6,000 years ago. The admixture events with South Asians (Indians) may have been ancient (estimate of up to 2,250 years ago in some Indonesian Malays), while the admixture events with East Asians (Chinese) may be more recent (100–200 years ago), although some may have occurred before the 15th century in Java. There are also minor components contributed by other groups such as the 473: 2316:. The three principles of the National Culture Policy are; Malaysian culture must be based on the indigenous culture of the region, that is the Malay culture, secondly it may incorporate suitable elements from other cultures, and lastly that Islam must play a part in it. Much of Malaysian culture shows heavy influences from Malay culture, an example can be seen in the belief system, whereby the practice of 3594:

indicate that there is no single representative genetic component, rather there are four major ancestral components to the Malay people: Austronesian aborigines, Proto-Malay, East Asian, and South Asian, with the Austronesian and Proto-Malay components comprising 60–70% of the genome. The Austronesian component is related to the Taiwanese

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Between 1911 and 1957 censuses, the Indonesian population in Malaya stood between 8.6% to 14.5% of total number of Malays, numerically inferior to those native peninsula Malays in the north and eastern states. In individual States during the 1911—1957 period, the Indonesian population had exceeded

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and their neighbouring West Coast States of central and southern Malaya, became the main destination of immigrants. In 1824, the Indonesian immigrant population began to be enumerated for the first time by the British administration in the Straits Settlements. By 1871, the Indonesian population in

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of human populations. The analyses reveal that the Malays are genetically diverse, and that there are substantial variations between different populations of Malays. The differences may have arisen from geographical isolation and independent admixture that occurred over a long period. The studies

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Pedro A. Soares; Jean A. Trejaut; Teresa Rito; Bruno Cavadas; Catherine Hill; Ken Khong Eng; Maru MorminaAndreia Brandão; Ross M. Fraser; Tse-Yi Wang; Jun-Hun Loo; Christopher Snell; Tsang-Ming Ko; António Amorim; Maria Pala; Vincent Macaulay; David Bulbeck; James F. Wilson; Leonor Gusmão; Luísa

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tribes. Around the opening of the common era, Dharmic religions were introduced to the region, where it flourished with the establishment of many ancient maritime trading states in the coastal areas of the Malay Peninsula and Borneo. Much of the cultural identities originating from these ancient

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The traditional culture of Malaysian Malays is largely predominated by the indigenous Malay culture mixed with a variety of foreign influences. As opposed to other regional Malays, the southern Malays (Selangoreans, Negeri Sembilanese, Melakans and Johoreans) display the cultural legacy of the

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kingdom. In addition to Sungai Batu, the coastal areas of the Malay Peninsula also witnessed the development of other subsequent ancient urban settlements and regional polities, driven by a predominantly cosmopolitan agrarian society, thriving skilled craftsmanship, multinational merchants and

1035:, it continued using the classical language; it has become so associated with Dutch Riau and British Johor that it is often assumed that the Malay of Riau is close to the classical language. However, there is no connection between Melakan Malay as used on Riau and the Riau vernacular. 3192:

and traditional political organization. Apart from being described as bilateral in nature, the earlier movements of peoples involving the Malay Peninsula, can be described as small in extent, with no other evidence of mass migration that caused significant demographic change.

518:, lies an abundance of historical relics that have unmasked several ceremonial and religious architectures devoted for the sun and mountain worshiping. At its zenith, the massive settlement sprawled across a thousand kilometers wide, dominated in the northern plains of the 367:

group in the region. In literature, architecture, culinary traditions, traditional dress, performing arts, martial arts, and royal court traditions, Melaka set a standard that later Malay sultanates emulated. Today, the most commonly accepted elements of Malayness – the

566:, collectively fashioned by an active participation in the international trade network and hosting diplomatic embassies from China and India. Between the 7th and 13th centuries, many of these small, prosperous peninsula maritime trading states, became part of the 2326:, originates from the Malay culture. Other Malay cultural influence can also be seen in traditional dress, cuisine, literature, music, arts and architecture. Traditional Malay dress varies between different regions but the most popular dress in modern-day are 1038:

Variants of Malay in Malaysia differed by states, districts or even villages. The Melaka-Johor dialect, owing to its prominence in the past, became the standard speech among Malays in Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore. There are also well-known variants of

423:. This definition is perceived by some writers as loose enough to include people of a variety of ethnic backgrounds which basically can be defined as "Malaysian Muslims" and therefore differs from the anthropological understanding of what constitutes an 3602:

people, and genetic analyses of the Austronesian component in Southeast Asians may lend support to the "Out of Taiwan" hypothesis, although some suggest that it is largely indigenous with a smaller contribution from Taiwan. The Proto-Malays such as the

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in 1948 that witnessed a major purges by the British colonial government. This development left those of moderate and traditionalist faction, with an opportunity to gain their ground in the struggle for Malaya's independence. The conservatives led by

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Wan Isa Hatin; Ab Rajab Nur-Shafawati; Ali Etemad; Wenfei Jin; Pengfei Qin; Shuhua Xu; Li Jin; Soon-Guan Tan; Pornprot Limprasert; Merican Amir Feisal; Mohammed Rizman-Idid; Bin Alwi Zilfalil; et al. (The HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium) (2014).

221:. According to the 2023 population estimate, with a total population of 17.6 million, Malaysian Malays form 57.9% of Malaysia's demographics, the largest ethnic group in the country. They can be broadly classified into two main categories; 4173: 2470:

which are the only states where Malays are less than 30%. Figures given below are from the 2023 census, and 2020 numbers. The population figures are also given as percentages of the total state population that includes non-citizens.

3209:, with Javanese was the most numerous ethnicity. Despite this, the Indonesian population was considerably small, and their growth was slow compared to their Chinese counterparts. In 1891, the census area began to be extended to the 5107:

Lian Deng; Boon-Peng Hoh; Dongsheng Lu; Woei-Yuh Saw; Rick Twee-Hee Ong; Anuradhani Kasturiratne; H. Janaka de Silva; Bin Alwi Zilfalil; Norihiro Kato; Ananda R. Wickremasinghe; Yik-Ying Teo; Shuhua Xu (3 September 2015).

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identity in Melaka with the term 'Melayu' then, begins to appear as interchangeable with Melakans, especially in describing the cultural preferences of the Melakans as against the foreigners. It is generally believed that

2094:. There is considerable genetic, linguistic, cultural, and social diversity among the many Malay subgroups as a result of hundreds of years of immigration and assimilation of various regional ethnicity and tribes within 2304:

came as traders, settlers and indenture labours to Malaya. British census from 1911 to 1931 shows that many of the immigrants concentrated on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula and largely predominated by ethnic

2166:– are thought to have been promulgated in the region. This region also shows the influences of other parts of the Malay Archipelago due to mass migration during the 17th century. Among the earliest groups were the 2309:. The process of adaptation and assimilation carried out by these ethnicities later gave birth to new Malay communities that retain a close relationship with their cultural roots in Java and Sumatra until today. 5328:

Boon-Peng Hoh; Lian Deng; Mat Jusoh Julia-Ashazila; Zakaria Zuraihan; Ma'amor Nur-Hasnah; Ab Rajab Nur-Shafawati; Wan Isa Hatin; Ismail Endom; Bin Alwi Zilfalil; Yusoff Khalid; Shuhua Xu (22 July 2015).

427:. However, there exist Muslim communities in Malaysia with distinctive cultures and spoken languages that cannot be categorised constitutionally as Malay. These include Muslim communities that have not 5269:

Wan Isa Hatin; Ab Rajab Nur-Shafawati; Mohd-Khairi Zahri; Shuhua Xu; Li Jin; Soon-Guan Tan; Mohammed Rizman-Idid; Bin Alwi Zilfalil; et al. (The HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium) (5 April 2011).

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by converting to Islam, emulating the Malay speech and their dress. Throughout their history, the Malays have been known as a coastal-trading community with fluid cultural characteristics. They

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numerous cultural features of other foreign ethnic groups. The cultural fusion between local Malay culture and other foreign cultures also led to the ethnocultural development of the related

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intensified within Strait of Malacca region following the territorial and commercial expansion of the sultanate in the mid 15th century. In 1511, the Melakan capital fell into the hands of

882:, that transcend the religious boundary and with the absence of the role of monarchy. Another attempt to redefine the Malayness was made by a coalition of left wing political parties, the 4019: 1019:(1402–1511). During this period, the language developed rapidly under the influence of Islamic literature. The development changed the nature of the language with massive infusion of 961:, and the most commonly spoken language in Malaysia, where it is estimated that 20 percent of all native speakers of Malay live. The terminology as per federal government policy is 3770: 3169:

From the 17th century, Bugis mercenaries and merchants involved in both commercial and political ventures in the Malay sultanates, later establishing their main settlements along

981:. Jawi is still used in the official documents of state Islamic religious departments and councils, on road and building signs, and also taught in primary and religious schools. 3622:

analyses of five of their sub-ethnic groups show that Melayu Kelantan and Melayu Kedah (both in the northern Malay Peninsula) are closely related to each other as well as to

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of southern Thailand. There is also a minority of Malays who are partially descended from more recent immigrants from many other countries who have assimilated into Malay

3221:(1841–1855) encouraged the migration of estate labourers from Java to work in the agricultural sector of the state. Such policy was continued under the rule of his son, 351:

The identification of Malay with Islam traces its origin to the 15th century, when vigorous ethos of Malay identity was developed and transmitted during the time of the

3615:(the earliest inhabitants of the Malay Peninsula), Central Asians and Europeans. Most of the admixture events are estimated to have occurred 175 to 1,500 years ago. 3618:

Within the Malay Peninsula itself, the Malays are differentiated genetically into distinct clusters between the northern part of the Malay Peninsula and the south.

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and Australian Cocos and Christmas Islands. The total number of speakers of Standard Malay is about 60 million. There are also about 198 million people who speak

3225:. As a result, in the first Malayan-wide census in 1911, Johor recorded the largest Indonesian population, 37,000 from overall 117,600 Indonesians in Malaya. 6453: 4110: 2853:

groups consist of all Malay subgroups native to the Malay Peninsula and coastal areas of Sabah and Sarawak. The following are among the major subgroups

716:. Melaka herself fought two wars with the Siamese while northern Malay states came intermittently under Siamese dominance for centuries. From 1771, the 5092:, while their ethnicities being enumerated separately. From 1957 onwards, all these different ethnicities were grouped into a single "Malay" category 4785: 6115: 4386: 617:. However, the sultanate remained an institutional prototype: a paradigm of statecraft and a point of cultural reference for successor states like 585:

The Islamic faith arrived on the shores of the Malay Peninsula from around the 12th century. The earliest archaeological evidence of Islam is the

3646:, than other Malay groups. Four of the Malay sub-ethnic groups in this study (the exception being Melayu Bugis, who are related to the people of 2462:

Malays are the majority of the ethnic groups in Malaysia. Every state has a population of Malays ranging from around 40% to over 90%, except for

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The remains of an ancient folk temple in Bujang Valley. It was believed that the area was home to an early civilisation dating from 553 BC.

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Albert Min-Shan Ko; Chung-Yu Chen; Qiaomei Fu; Frederick Delfin; Mingkun Li; Hung-Lin Chiu; Mark Stoneking; Ying-Chin Ko (6 March 2014).

454:. As of the 2023, Malays made up 57.9% of the population of Malaysia (including Malaysian-born or foreign-born people of Malay descent). 397: 340: 2256:("traders") or foreign Malays who have assimilated into the Malay culture. Other significant population of foreign Malays also includes 7465: 567: 446:

identity in the Malaysian legal system, where it has been suggested that a Malay cannot convert out of Islam as illustrated in the

4364: 4027: 7274: 6446: 2086:(Council of Islam and Malay Customs) are responsible in advising the rulers as well as regulating both Islamic affairs and Malay 1031:. Under Melaka, the language evolved into a form recognisable to speakers of modern Malay. When the court moved to establish the 7460: 7254: 2210: 4418: 7269: 7155: 6395: 6085: 6067: 6049: 6011: 5993: 5974: 5956: 5934: 5916: 5894: 5876: 5856: 5838: 5819: 5787: 5743: 5720: 5702: 5682: 5662: 5633: 5615: 5581: 5563: 5545: 5527: 5487: 5469: 5451: 4854: 4515: 3966: 3942: 3918: 3894: 3870: 7240: 6108: 3206: 2189:

The development of many Malay Muslim-dominated centres in the region drew many of the non-Malay indigenous people like the

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for "Never shall the Malays vanish from the face of the earth") written on the top. The quote is a famous rallying cry for

5331:"Fine-scale population structure of Malays in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore and implications for association studies" 2834: 946: 900: 765: 4702: 2409:

scene also witnessed strong influence from the Malay traditional music. One particularly important was the emergence of

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or the "foreign Malays". From 1957 onwards, all these different ethnicities were grouped into a single "Malay" category

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peoples, gave birth to a Malay community in Negeri Sembilan that adopted extensively the indigenous customary law or

2413:('Malaysian beat'), a type of Malaysian pop music that combined Malay social dance and syncretic music such as Asli, 3634:. The Melayu Kedah and Melayu Kelantan also have closer genetic relationship to the two subgroups of the Orang Asli 3196:

In the 19th century, the growth in arrivals of Indonesians coincided with the consolidation of British influence in

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or indigenous Malays, there are Malay communities in Malaysia with full or partial ancestry of other ethnicities of

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Cultural Dynamics in a Globalized World: Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities

3113: 7408: 6400: 6101: 965:(literally "Malaysian language") but in the federal constitution continues to refer to the official language as 7403: 3619: 108: 7439: 236:

or native Malays consist of those individuals who adhere to the Malay culture native to the coastal areas of

5692: 825: 586: 495:(circa 15,000–10,000 BCE), exhibits fascinating ethnic, linguistic and cultural variations. The indigenous 4826: 3741: 7419: 4393: 2390: 2296:

in Sabah. Between the 19th century and the early 20th century, a significant number of immigrants from

2139: 907:, emerged with popular support not only from general Malay population, but also from the Rulers of the 653:

and reached its golden age in the mid-16th century when it controlled land as far south as present day

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The state and economic distribution in Peninsular Malaysia: toward an alternative theoretical approach

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Bahrin, Tengku Shamsul (1967), "The growth and distribution of the Indonesian population in Malaya",

2119: 1088: 915:, a unitary state project, forced the British to accept an alternative federalist order known as the 463: 447: 265: 752:

by Kedah in exchange of military assistance against the Siamese. In 1819, the company also acquired

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Malay cultures trace their origin from the early settlers that consist primarily from both various

833: 510:) in every natural objects, was predominant among the ancient Malayic tribes before the arrival of 249: 4893: 7333: 7279: 6580: 3123: 3045: 2249: 2110: 891: 3863:

Malaysia in the World Economy (1824–2011): Capitalism, Ethnic Divisions, and "Managed" Democracy

7424: 6660: 6535: 6410: 6124: 5798:"Formation of Javanese Malay identities in Malay Peninsula between the 19th and 20th centuries" 5733: 3249: 3210: 2970: 1044: 805: 662: 393: 389: 5327: 732:. Between 1808 and 1813, the Siamese partitioned Patani into smaller states while carving out 7475: 7393: 7383: 6912: 6530: 6515: 6482: 6405: 6143: 6134: 5520:

After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States

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Politics of Multiculturalism: Pluralism and Citizenship in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia

3687: 3253: 2135: 2131: 1064: 894:, the activities of most left wing organizations came to a halt following the declaration of 890:

or citizenship for an independent Malaya. In the wake of the armed rebellion launched by the

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into Malay culture at different times, aided by similarity in lifestyle and common religion.

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Many other Malay cultural heritage, are considered as Malaysian national heritage including

2090:. Legal proceedings on matters related to Islamic affairs and Malay adat are carried out in 19:

This article is about ethnic Malays in Malaysia. For the standard language in Malaysia, see

7398: 7378: 7343: 6550: 6497: 6385: 5386:"A genome wide pattern of population structure and admixture in peninsular Malaysia Malays" 5282: 5121: 2402: 2398: 2127: 2106: 916: 908: 859: 488: 245: 3130:

or traders or foreign Malays, are descendants of immigrants from various ethnicities like

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as the head of Islam and Malay customs in their respective state. State councils known as

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in 1867. British intervention in the affairs of Malay states was formalised in 1895, when

315:. Some foreign Malays may also come from other parts of Southeast Asia, that includes the 8: 7414: 7363: 6645: 6565: 6415: 5164: 3245: 3201: 3065: 2313: 2123: 1005: 841: 773: 737: 467: 5286: 5125: 2830:

There is a community of Malaysian Malays who make up 20% of the total population of the

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Economics, Education, Mobility And Space (Encyclopedia of women & Islamic cultures)

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A Share of the Harvest: Kinship, Property and Social History Among the Malays of Rembau

5905: 5776: 5729: 5440: 5412: 5385: 5382: 5357: 5330: 5305: 5270: 5241: 5216: 5191: 5166: 5110:"Dissecting the genetic structure and admixture of four geographical Malay populations" 4356: 4001: 3984:

Frith, T. (1 September 2000). "Ethno-Religious Identity and Urban Malays in Malaysia".

3222: 3155: 2965: 2907: 2242: 2167: 941: 936: 749: 666: 552: 308: 155: 5213: 5142: 5109: 903:, that vehemently promoted Malay language, Islam and Malay monarchy as key pillars of 7434: 7235: 7199: 7150: 7132: 6860: 6697: 6628: 6380: 6081: 6063: 6045: 6007: 5989: 5970: 5952: 5930: 5912: 5890: 5872: 5852: 5834: 5815: 5783: 5739: 5716: 5698: 5678: 5658: 5629: 5611: 5595: 5577: 5559: 5541: 5523: 5483: 5465: 5447: 5417: 5362: 5310: 5246: 5196: 5147: 5089: 4850: 4531: 4511: 4005: 3962: 3938: 3914: 3890: 3866: 3697: 3590: 2979: 2406: 2323: 2269: 2238: 2214: 2102: 1040: 958: 932: 895: 867: 855: 701: 684: 611: 594: 540: 485: 404: 304: 273: 160: 122: 104: 4747: 3177:

estuaries. Another case of in-movements was the migration of Minangkabau peoples to

7289: 7284: 7169: 6942: 6845: 6682: 6603: 5805: 5505: 5407: 5397: 5352: 5342: 5300: 5290: 5236: 5228: 5186: 5178: 5137: 5129: 4425: 3993: 3959:

Tribal Communities in the Malay World: Historical, Cultural and Social Perspectives

3707: 3200:. This was a period of extensive economic growth which saw economic centres in the 3070: 2838: 2147: 1048: 1016: 801: 717: 626: 590: 544: 511: 352: 7088: 6236: 5088:

Colonial census used the term "Malaysians" as an umbrella term for all natives of

3717: 7388: 7367: 7352: 7348: 7121: 7115: 7071: 7036: 6957: 6840: 6655: 6613: 6570: 6545: 6390: 6318: 6313: 6276: 6256: 6219: 5945: 5672: 5295: 4754:. National Department for Culture and Arts: Ministry of Tourism and Culture. 2018 3679: 3643: 3397: 3181:. The resulting intermarriages between the Minangkabau immigrants and the native 3178: 3151: 3131: 3025: 2915: 2873: 2607: 2438: 2378: 2306: 2257: 2234: 2218: 2171: 1032: 849: 797: 725: 674: 646: 642: 638: 618: 519: 436: 300: 288: 277: 237: 117: 20: 3252:

out of sympathy for fellow Muslims; most of them have also assimilated with the

7184: 7127: 7027: 6992: 6962: 6917: 6890: 6855: 6766: 6687: 6665: 6540: 6520: 6200: 6165: 6027:

Cummings, William (1998). "The Melaka Malay Diaspora in Makassar c.1500-1669".

5884: 5182: 4899: 4574:. Economic History of Malaya: Asia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya. 2017 3631: 3197: 3174: 2933: 2394: 2350: 2230: 2159: 2095: 974: 970: 928: 845: 777: 721: 697: 602: 531: 443: 412: 373: 364: 328: 189: 7323: 5510: 5402: 5347: 5232: 5106: 4530:

Colonial census used the term "Other Malaysians" to refer to other natives of

7454: 7194: 7189: 7179: 7093: 7078: 7046: 6987: 6967: 6922: 6900: 6850: 6776: 6759: 6650: 6618: 6555: 6328: 6284: 6268: 6246: 6160: 5810: 5797: 5271:"Population Genetic Structure of Peninsular Malaysia Malay Sub-Ethnic Groups" 3651: 3627: 3604: 3599: 3185: 3159: 3135: 3050: 3005: 2919: 2386: 2318: 2265: 2091: 1068: 1012: 978: 950: 912: 874:. The version of Malayness brought by this group was largely modelled on the 761: 733: 614: 499: 392:

as its national philosophy. In Malaysia, where the sovereignty of individual

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or foreign Malays, consist of descendants of immigrants from other parts of

7174: 7164: 7061: 7056: 7012: 6997: 6932: 6880: 6835: 6823: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6771: 6739: 6675: 6598: 6355: 6343: 6231: 6209: 6185: 6170: 5421: 5366: 5314: 5250: 5200: 5151: 3722: 3702: 3639: 3230: 3213:

and recorded a total of 20,307 Indonesians. At the same time, the state of

3163: 3010: 2878: 2550: 2382: 2374: 2293: 2190: 2175: 2079: 1072: 1052: 969:(literally "Malay language"). The National Language Act 1967 specifies the 871: 837: 781: 757: 709: 670: 607: 598: 559:

among few. Upon the fifth century AD, these settlements had morphed into a

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This constitutional definition had firmly established the historical Malay

432: 428: 369: 360: 320: 296: 281: 5759: 4478: 4451: 4330: 7221: 6947: 6895: 6754: 6744: 6734: 6692: 6639: 6360: 6323: 6093: 3692: 3623: 3595: 3241: 3182: 3170: 3147: 3030: 2938: 2911: 2434: 2335: 2327: 2281: 1076: 1060: 1056: 997: 875: 713: 563: 523: 481: 324: 218: 150: 135: 4792:. Department of National Heritage: Ministry of Tourism and Culture. 2018 396:

and the position of Islam are preserved, a Malay identity is defined in

7215: 7107: 7083: 7051: 6927: 6749: 6724: 6711: 6472: 6263: 6226: 5831:

Other Malays: Nationalism and Cosmopolitanism in the Modern Malay World

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Malaya: Percentage of Indonesians in total Malay population, 1911-1957

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the Straits Settlements was recorded at 12,143, mostly can be found in

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are thought to have been promulgated during this era, resulting in the

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Imperial Alchemy: Nationalism and Political Identity in Southeast Asia

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In 1971, the government created a "National Culture Policy", defining

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Encyclopedia of National Dress: Traditional Clothing around the World

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Leaves of the Same Tree: Trade and Ethnicity in the Straits of Melaka

3655: 3287: 3234: 2831: 2702: 2442: 2414: 2202: 2151: 993: 989: 904: 753: 689: 571: 560: 535: 416: 356: 346: 312: 6042:

Awal Mula Muslim Di Bali Kampung Loloan Jembrana Sebuah Entitas Kuno

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that are mostly unintelligible to Standard Malay speakers including

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The Music of Malaysia: The Classical, Folk and Syncretic Traditions

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From Inderapura to Darul Makmur, A Deconstructive History of Pahang

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Pereira; Stephen Oppenheimer; Marie Lin; Martin B. Richard (2016).

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Democracy in Malaysia: Discourses and Practices (Democracy in Asia)

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Studies on the genetics of modern Malays show a complex history of

3485: 3375: 2975: 2903: 2759: 2531: 2346: 2339: 2285: 2179: 1024: 1001: 919:. The federation would later be reconstituted as Malaysia in 1963. 863: 813: 789: 678: 634: 451: 385: 388:. As a still fully functioning Malay sultanate, Brunei proclaimed 7022: 6885: 6872: 6813: 6575: 6333: 6289: 6195: 5697:, vol. 12 - Peoples and Traditions, Editions Didier Millet, 5070: 3331: 3091: 3083: 3055: 2895: 2883: 2740: 2588: 2467: 2362: 2301: 887: 658: 654: 522:. On contemporary account, the area is known as the lost city of 496: 492: 5654:

Comparing Globalizations Historical and World-Systems Approaches

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Government Policies and Ethnic Relations in Asia and the Pacific

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The Presidential Notes: A biography of President Yusof bin Ishak

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The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society

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of the national language, but allow the use of the traditional

821: 785: 745: 741: 650: 641:

dominated the northern part of the Malay Peninsula. Across the

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foreign expatriates. Chinese records noted the names of Akola,

515: 420: 408: 381: 1870: 1840: 1760: 1710: 1440: 1360: 1150: 1092: 7007: 6979: 6830: 6635: 6623: 6608: 6308: 6180: 5217:"Resolving the ancestry of Austronesian-speaking populations" 4900:

Nerawi Sedu, Nurazzura Mohamad Diah & Fauziah Fathil 2019

3650:, Indonesia) also show genetic similarity to the Proto-Malay 3463: 3441: 3353: 3214: 3143: 3079: 3035: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2955: 2943: 2899: 2891: 2721: 2645: 2512: 2493: 2463: 2446: 2422: 2418: 2393:

that flourished since the 15th century and various genres of

2354: 2277: 2273: 2261: 2248:

Today, some Malays have recent forebears from other parts of

2183: 2155: 1630: 1550: 1470: 1390: 1230: 829: 809: 793: 769: 729: 630: 622: 507: 377: 316: 6029:

Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

5964: 5885:

Nerawi Sedu; Nurazzura Mohamad Diah; Fauziah Fathil (2019),

4569:"Census population by state, Peninsular Malaysia, 1901–2010" 4020:"Federal Court rejects Lina's appeal in a majority decision" 3961:, London: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, p. 55, 3821: 1950: 1310: 217:

ethnicity whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in the

5849:

The Malays (The Peoples of South-East Asia and the Pacific)

5556:

War, Memory and the Making of Modern Malaysia and Singapore

4786:"Objek Warisan Tidak Ketara (Intangible Cultural Heritage)" 4424:. Malaysian Attorney General Chambers. 2006. Archived from 2887: 2370: 2297: 2163: 2087: 1790: 201: 40: 4411: 4174:"Batu Bersurat Terengganu (Inscribed Stone of Terengganu)" 415:, adheres to Malay customs, and is domiciled in Malaysia, 380:– are institutionalised in both Malay-majority countries, 4646: 4288: 4286: 3742:"Demographic Statistics Malaysia - First Quarter of 2023" 2338:(for men), which all recognised as the national dress of 6060:

Verandah of Violence: The Background to the Aceh Problem

5036: 5034: 5021: 5019: 4934: 4932: 4868: 4866: 4483:

Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty-first edition

4456:

Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty-first edition

4335:

Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty-first edition

3654:

with possible admixture to the Jawa populations and the

862:

were among the earliest who appeared with an ideal of a

63:, a traditional game that involves dragging a palm frond 5646:. Kuala Lumpur: Berita Publishing Sdn. Bhd. p. 74. 589:

dating from the 14th century. By the 15th century, the

5868:

Trade, Circulation, and Flow in the Indian Ocean World

5538:

Contesting Malayness: Malay identity across boundaries

5460:

Andaya, Barbara Watson; Andaya, Leonard Yuzon (1984),

4283: 3911:

Globalization and Its Counter-forces in Southeast Asia

5102: 5100: 5098: 5058: 5046: 5031: 5016: 5004: 4992: 4980: 4968: 4956: 4944: 4929: 4917: 4905: 4863: 3769:

Mohd Hazmi Mohd Rosli; Rahmat Mohamad (5 June 2014).

1097:

Average Malay population of Malaya by state 1911-1947

772:

by 1874. All these trading posts officially known as

323:

of Australian Cocos (Keeling) Islands as well as the

5477: 4604: 4357:"Mahathir regrets govt focussing too much on Bahasa" 3913:, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, p. 60, 3669: 1011:The Malay language came into widespread use as the 526:. Founded in 535 BC, it is the oldest testament of 5944: 5904: 5775: 5480:State, Society and International Relations in Asia 5439: 5095: 4392:. Judicial Appointments Commission. Archived from 593:, whose hegemony reached over much of the western 5871:, Palgrave Series in Indian Ocean World Studies, 5728: 5076: 4111:"Archaeologists search for a king in Sungai Batu" 688:The bronze mural of the legendary Malay warrior, 403:Article 160 defines a Malay as someone born to a 7452: 6039: 4827:"2023 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia" 3979: 3977: 2078:In Malaysia, the state's constitution empowered 2045: 2012: 1962: 1958: 1932: 1928: 1916: 1882: 1878: 1852: 1848: 1836: 1802: 1798: 1772: 1768: 1756: 1722: 1718: 1692: 1688: 1676: 1642: 1638: 1612: 1608: 1596: 1562: 1558: 1532: 1528: 1516: 1482: 1478: 1452: 1448: 1436: 1402: 1398: 1372: 1368: 1356: 1322: 1318: 1292: 1288: 1276: 1242: 1238: 1212: 1208: 1196: 1162: 1158: 1132: 1128: 1116: 1107: 828:by Siam to the British. These states along with 712:of the peninsula had hostile relations with the 4703:"Perkahwinan Campur Peranakan Punjabi di Sabah" 4076: 4074: 4072: 5828: 5774:Matusky, Patricia Ann; Tan, Sooi Beng (2004), 5710: 4821: 4819: 4634: 4156: 3860: 3797: 3734: 1935: 1695: 1295: 1215: 6461: 6447: 6109: 5889:, Singapore: Partridge Publishing Singapore, 5795: 5752: 5641: 5605: 5553: 5167:"Early Austronesians: into and out of Taiwan" 4887: 4842: 4734: 4652: 4616: 4316: 4292: 3974: 3809: 3607:show genetic evidence of having moved out of 1885: 1775: 1725: 1615: 1535: 1455: 1375: 1165: 1135: 844:and protectorates that collectively known as 240:and Borneo. Among notable groups include the 5498:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 5459: 4712:: 189–203 – via journalarticle.ukm.my. 4664: 4477:Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. (2018). 4476: 4450:Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. (2018). 4449: 4329:Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. (2018). 4328: 4253: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4069: 3956: 3832: 3830: 1965: 1855: 1805: 1645: 1565: 1485: 1405: 1325: 1245: 911:. Mass protests from this group against the 5690: 4816: 4277: 4051: 4047: 4045: 4026:. Kuala Lumpur. 31 May 2007. Archived from 3937:, University of Hawaii Press, p. 184, 3248:, where they were granted sanctuary by the 2084:Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu 744:from Kedah in 1839. In 1786, the island of 398:Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia 341:Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia 6454: 6440: 6123: 6116: 6102: 5969:. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 436. 5773: 5674:The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya 5517: 4846:Christmas Island: An Anthropological Study 4810: 4304: 3957:Benjamin, Geoffrey; Chou, Cynthia (2002), 3747:. Department of Statistics, Malaysia. 2023 3126:. The communities, collectively termed as 53: 5829:Miller, Terry E.; Williams, Sean (2006), 5809: 5755:Melayu Online.com's Theoretical Framework 5540:, Singapore: Singapore University press, 5509: 5411: 5401: 5356: 5346: 5304: 5294: 5240: 5190: 5141: 4134: 4085: 3983: 3827: 2114:states survived among the east coasters ( 7298: 7208: 6026: 6006:, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 5942: 5715:, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 4217: 4042: 3822:Suad Joseph & Afsaneh Najmabadi 2006 3793: 3791: 3244:, a sizable number of Chams migrated to 3164:assimilated into the local Malay culture 3107: 2322:shrine worshipping that prevalent among 2048: 2015: 1095: 940: 683: 581:Portuguese illustration of Malays, 1540. 576: 471: 334: 225:(indigenous Malays or local Malays) and 202: 78:57.9% of the Malaysian population (2023) 41: 5965:Suad Joseph; Afsaneh Najmabadi (2006). 5864: 5623: 5535: 5378: 5376: 5264: 5262: 5260: 4688: 4640: 4503: 4265: 4199: 4080: 3884: 3836: 886:, that proposed the term 'Melayu' as a 776:in 1826 and became the crown colony of 601:in the east. Islamisation developed an 7453: 5924: 5902: 5846: 5677:, London: Cambridge University Press, 5670: 5589: 5495: 5437: 5064: 5052: 5040: 5025: 5010: 4998: 4986: 4974: 4962: 4950: 4938: 4923: 4911: 4872: 4772: 4722: 4676: 4628: 4592: 4543: 4205: 4193: 4168: 4063: 3932: 3848: 2844: 6435: 6097: 5657:, Springer International Publishing, 5644:Information Malaysia 1990–91 Yearbook 5554:Blackburn, Kevin; Hack, Karl (2012), 4479:"Indonesian: A language of Indonesia" 3908: 3885:Khoo, Boo Teik; Loh, Francis (2001), 3788: 3764: 3762: 1059:(including Perlisian and Penangite), 673:settlers established the chiefdom of 629:. In the same era, the sultanates of 6075: 6057: 5650: 5571: 5558:, National University of Singapore, 5373: 5257: 4700: 4452:"Malay: A macrolanguage of Malaysia" 4241: 4096: 2391:classical Malay literature tradition 229:(trading Malays or foreign Malays). 83:Regions with significant populations 6001: 5983: 4555: 4229: 4108: 2397:also forms the basis of the modern 1075:(including a Bruneian-based pidgin 947:Malayan Declaration of Independence 901:United Malays National Organization 649:became the most powerful polity in 109:Numerous vernacular Malay varieties 13: 6020: 5911:, University of California Press, 5887:Being Human: Responding to Changes 5171:American Journal of Human Genetics 3759: 3101:East Coast of the Malay Peninsula 3020:East Coast of the Malay Peninsula 3000:East Coast of the Malay Peninsula 2182:and domiciled in large numbers in 2170:who had established themselves in 534:and a potential progenitor of the 14: 7487: 7466:Malaysian people of Malay descent 4367:from the original on 12 July 2014 3240:In more recent times, during the 355:. Common definitive markers of a 5986:The Rhetoric of Bangsa and Minzu 5947:Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei 5522:, University of Michigan press, 3672: 3114:Malaysians of Indonesian descent 1103: 764:from the Dutch, and followed by 502:, which employed the concept of 5735:Encyclopedia of Global Religion 5671:Harper, Timothy Norman (2001), 5576:, Singapore: SNP Publications, 5431: 5321: 5207: 5158: 5082: 4849:. Cambria Press. pp. 91–. 4836: 4804: 4778: 4766: 4740: 4728: 4716: 4694: 4682: 4670: 4658: 4622: 4610: 4598: 4586: 4561: 4549: 4537: 4524: 4497: 4470: 4443: 4379: 4349: 4331:"Malay: A language of Malaysia" 4322: 4310: 4298: 4271: 4259: 4247: 4235: 4223: 4211: 4187: 4162: 4150: 4128: 4102: 4057: 4012: 3950: 3926: 3902: 3865:, Lexington Books, p. 94, 3078:and significant populations in 2978:and significant populations in 2452: 2150:. Common definitive markers of 276:who became the citizens of the 6080:, Cambridge University Press, 5951:, Lonely Planet publications, 5833:, University of Hawaii Press, 5482:, Amsterdam University Press, 5464:, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 5446:, University of Hawaii press, 3878: 3854: 3842: 3815: 3803: 1: 7461:Ethnoreligious groups in Asia 5903:Peletz, Michæl Gates (1992), 5478:Amineh Mehdi Parvizi (2010), 5077:Juergensmeyer & Roof 2011 4691:, pp. 7, 32, 33 & 43 3771:"Were the Malays immigrants?" 3728: 1954: 1924: 1874: 1844: 1794: 1764: 1714: 1684: 1634: 1604: 1554: 1524: 1474: 1444: 1394: 1364: 1314: 1284: 1234: 1204: 1154: 1124: 514:. Deep in the estuary of the 7120:Peranakan Eropah (including 5694:The Encyclopedia of Malaysia 5536:Barnard, Timothy P. (2004), 5296:10.1371/journal.pone.0018312 4419:"National Language Act 1967" 587:Terengganu Inscription Stone 7: 5732:; Roof, Wade Clark (2011). 5518:Barrington, Lowell (2006), 5438:Andaya, Leonard Y. (2008), 4109:Mok, Opalyn (9 June 2017). 3665: 3584: 2825: 2457: 922: 597:, had become the centre of 10: 7492: 5183:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.02.003 4510:. UNSW Press. p. 70. 4504:Sneddon, James N. (2003). 3933:Hefner, Robert W. (2001), 3798:Miller & Williams 2006 3111: 3063: 3043: 3023: 3003: 2963: 2931: 2871: 1086: 1082: 926: 694:Ta' Melayu Hilang Di-Dunia 461: 457: 344: 338: 311:ancestries that come from 18: 7471:Ethnic groups in Malaysia 7332: 7314: 7234: 7149: 7106: 6978: 6871: 6723: 6710: 6589: 6506: 6491: 6480: 6469: 6463:Ethnic groups in Malaysia 6373: 6301: 6151: 6142: 6131: 6040:Haji Bagenda Ali (2019), 5988:, Monash Asia Institute, 5929:, Asiapac Books Pte Ltd, 5865:Pearson, Michael (2015), 5511:10.1163/22134379-90002906 5403:10.1186/s11568-014-0005-z 5348:10.1186/s40246-015-0039-x 5233:10.1007/s00439-015-1620-z 4748:"National Culture Policy" 4605:Amineh Mehdi Parvizi 2010 4317:Blackburn & Hack 2012 4293:Blackburn & Hack 2012 3992:(2). Routledge: 117–129. 3889:, Routledge, p. 28, 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3264: 3261: 3040:Northern Malay Peninsula 2960:Northern Malay Peninsula 2487: 2484: 2479: 2476: 2069: 268:. On the other hand, the 203: 146: 141: 134: 129: 99: 94: 87: 82: 73: 68: 52: 42: 36: 6536:Negeri Sembilanese Malay 5943:Richmond, Simon (2007), 5927:Gateway to Malay culture 5847:Milner, Anthony (2010), 5811:10.1201/9781315225340-32 5651:Hall, Thomas D. (2017), 4701:Gill, Sarjit S. (2001). 4665:Andaya & Andaya 1984 4254:Andaya & Andaya 1984 3219:Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim 834:Unfederated Malay States 832:, later became known as 692:with his renowned quote 450:decision in the case of 411:, habitually speaks the 363:of the Malay as a major 287:The foreign Malays have 282:absorbed and assimilated 16:Ethnic group in Malaysia 6604:Christmas Island Malays 6002:Tan, Loong Hoe (1982), 5713:Islam in Southeast Asia 5711:Hussin Mutalib (2008), 5624:Ganguly, Šumit (1997), 3909:Chong, Terence (2008), 3861:Azlan Tajuddin (2012), 3124:Maritime Southeast Asia 2250:maritime Southeast Asia 892:Malayan Communist Party 665:. By the 18th century, 464:History of Malay people 59:Malay children playing 6125:Ethnic groups in Sabah 6076:Reid, Anthony (2009), 6058:Reid, Anthony (2006), 5804:. Routledge: 225–230. 5796:Linda Sunarti (2017). 5758:, 2005, archived from 5642:Gulrose Karim (1990). 5606:Farish A Noor (2011), 5572:Chew, Melanie (1999), 4843:Simone Dennis (2008). 4811:Matusky & Tan 2004 4387:"Federal Constitution" 4137:"Early Malay kingdoms" 3211:Federated Malay States 2971:Kelantan-Pattani Malay 2071:Source: Malayan Census 954: 806:Federated Malay States 705: 663:Philippine Archipelago 582: 491:tribes since the last 484:, home of the various 477: 407:who professes to be a 390:Malay Islamic Monarchy 193: 5984:Tan, Liok Ee (1988), 5925:Ragman, Zaki (2003), 5738:. SAGE Publications. 5590:Condra, Jill (2013), 5462:A History of Malaysia 4115:The Malay Mail Online 3775:The Malay Mail Online 3162:who have effectively 3108:Anak Dagang subgroups 1087:Further information: 1027:vocabularies, called 984:Malay is also spoken 944: 848:were occupied by the 687: 677:and the sultanate of 580: 475: 462:Further information: 345:Further information: 335:Definition of a Malay 194:Orang Melayu Malaysia 142:Related ethnic groups 38:Orang Melayu Malaysia 7374:China/Taiwan Chinese 5691:Hood Salleh (2011), 5610:, Silverfish Books, 3250:Malaysian government 2399:Malaysian literature 917:Federation of Malaya 909:Conference of Rulers 860:Kesatuan Melayu Muda 661:, north towards the 7334:Foreign ethnicities 6717:Indigenous peoples) 5851:, Wiley-Blackwell, 5730:Juergensmeyer, Mark 5287:2011PLoSO...618312H 5126:2015NatSR...514375D 4902:, pp. 143–167. 4890:, pp. 225–230. 4790:www.heritage.gov.my 4485:. SIL International 4458:. SIL International 4337:. SIL International 4157:Hussin Mutalib 2008 3246:Peninsular Malaysia 3202:Straits Settlements 3066:Terengganuan Malays 2845:Anak Jati subgroups 2178:who had formed the 971:Latin (Rumi) script 842:British possessions 774:Straits Settlements 468:History of Malaysia 125:(Malaysian dialect) 33: 7275:Indians in Sarawak 6566:Terengganuan Malay 5762:on 21 October 2012 5114:Scientific Reports 4888:Linda Sunarti 2017 4737:, pp. 225–230 4735:Linda Sunarti 2017 4725:, pp. 272–280 4653:Melayu Online 2005 4643:, p. 7&60 4617:Farish A Noor 2011 4363:. 2 October 2013. 4295:, pp. 224–225 4135:Sabrizain (2006). 4030:on 24 October 2007 3810:Gulrose Karim 1990 2966:Kelantanese Malays 2835:external territory 2180:Selangor sultanate 2154:– the religion of 1065:Negeri Sembilanese 955: 937:Malaysian language 872:Pan-Malay identity 750:East India Company 706: 583: 478: 156:Malay Singaporeans 31: 7448: 7447: 7310: 7309: 7230: 7229: 7200:Penangite Chinese 7145: 7144: 7102: 7101: 6706: 6705: 6561:Selangorian Malay 6526:Kelantanese Malay 6429: 6428: 6396:Malaysian Indians 6381:Malaysian Chinese 6369: 6368: 6087:978-052-1872-37-9 6069:978-9971-693-31-2 6051:978-623-7022-61-9 6013:978-997-1902-44-5 5995:978-0-86746-909-7 5976:978-90-04-12820-0 5958:978-1-74059-708-1 5936:978-981-229-326-8 5918:978-0-520-08086-7 5896:978-154-3749-13-7 5878:978-113-7564-88-7 5858:978-1-4443-3903-1 5840:978-997-1693-34-3 5821:978-113-8626-64-5 5789:978-075-4608-31-8 5745:978-1-4522-6656-5 5722:978-981-230-758-3 5704:978-981-3018-53-2 5684:978-0-521-00465-7 5664:978-331-9682-18-1 5635:978-0-262-52245-8 5617:978-983-3221-30-1 5583:978-981-4032-48-3 5565:978-9971-69-599-6 5547:978-9971-69-279-7 5529:978-0-472-06898-2 5489:978-90-5356-794-4 5471:978-0-333-27672-3 5453:978-0-8248-3189-9 5134:10.1038/srep14375 5090:Malay Archipelago 4856:978-1-60497-510-9 4631:, pp. 24, 33 4532:Malay Archipelago 4517:978-0-86840-598-8 3998:10.1080/713611705 3968:978-981-230-166-6 3944:978-0-8248-2487-7 3920:978-981-230-478-0 3896:978-0-7007-1161-1 3872:978-0-7391-7196-7 3698:Malay Singaporean 3582: 3581: 3105: 3104: 2980:Southern Thailand 2823: 2822: 2324:Malaysian Chinese 2314:Malaysian culture 2243:Punjabi Peranakan 2076: 2075: 2072: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2057: 2052: 2051: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2024: 2019: 2018: 1994: 1993: 1990: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1947: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1913: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1833: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1787: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1753: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1707: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1673: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1657: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1593: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1513: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1433: 1426: 1425: 1422: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1353: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1273: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1193: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1113: 1041:Malayan languages 959:national language 933:Malayan languages 896:Malayan Emergency 868:Greater Indonesia 856:Malay nationalism 802:British Residents 760:, later in 1824, 702:Malay nationalism 595:Malay Archipelago 512:Dharmic religions 405:Malaysian citizen 376:and culture, and 274:Malay Archipelago 183: 182: 175:Australian Malays 161:Malay Indonesians 120:(Bahasa Malaysia) 105:Malayic languages 61:Tarik Upih Pinang 7483: 7304:Peranakan Chitty 7296: 7295: 7270:Indians in Sabah 7255:Penangite Indian 7206: 7205: 6721: 6720: 6581:Sarawakian Malay 6504: 6503: 6489: 6488: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6433: 6432: 6349:Peninsula Malays 6149: 6148: 6118: 6111: 6104: 6095: 6094: 6090: 6072: 6054: 6036: 6016: 5998: 5980: 5961: 5950: 5939: 5921: 5910: 5899: 5881: 5861: 5843: 5825: 5813: 5792: 5781: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5749: 5725: 5707: 5687: 5667: 5647: 5638: 5620: 5602: 5586: 5568: 5550: 5532: 5514: 5513: 5492: 5474: 5456: 5445: 5426: 5425: 5415: 5405: 5390:The HUGO Journal 5380: 5371: 5370: 5360: 5350: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5308: 5298: 5266: 5255: 5254: 5244: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5194: 5162: 5156: 5155: 5145: 5104: 5093: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5029: 5023: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4996: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4927: 4921: 4915: 4909: 4903: 4897: 4891: 4885: 4876: 4870: 4861: 4860: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4823: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4782: 4776: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4744: 4738: 4732: 4726: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4707: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4638: 4632: 4626: 4620: 4619:, pp. 15–16 4614: 4608: 4607:, pp. 96–97 4602: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4573: 4565: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4541: 4535: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4474: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4431:on 6 August 2015 4430: 4423: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4399:on 24 March 2012 4398: 4391: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4307:, pp. 47–48 4302: 4296: 4290: 4281: 4278:Hood Salleh 2011 4275: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4256:, pp. 62–68 4251: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4083: 4078: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4052:Hood Salleh 2011 4049: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4016: 4010: 4009: 3981: 3972: 3971: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3801: 3800:, pp. 45–46 3795: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3766: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3746: 3738: 3708:Malay Indonesian 3682: 3677: 3676: 3675: 3259: 3258: 3071:Terengganu Malay 2856: 2855: 2839:Christmas Island 2474: 2473: 2334:(for women) and 2148:Melaka sultanate 2134:), and Bornean ( 2126:), northerners ( 2070: 2055: 2046: 2042: 2034: 2022: 2013: 2009: 2001: 1980: 1963: 1959: 1951: 1933: 1929: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1900: 1883: 1879: 1871: 1853: 1849: 1841: 1837: 1831: 1820: 1803: 1799: 1791: 1773: 1769: 1761: 1757: 1751: 1740: 1723: 1719: 1711: 1693: 1689: 1681: 1677: 1671: 1660: 1643: 1639: 1631: 1613: 1609: 1601: 1597: 1591: 1580: 1563: 1559: 1551: 1533: 1529: 1521: 1517: 1511: 1500: 1483: 1479: 1471: 1453: 1449: 1441: 1437: 1431: 1420: 1403: 1399: 1391: 1373: 1369: 1361: 1357: 1351: 1340: 1323: 1319: 1311: 1293: 1289: 1281: 1277: 1271: 1260: 1243: 1239: 1231: 1213: 1209: 1201: 1197: 1191: 1180: 1163: 1159: 1151: 1133: 1129: 1121: 1117: 1111: 1108: 1104: 1093: 1017:Melaka sultanate 973:as the official 591:Melaka Sultanate 431:Malayness, like 394:Malay sultanates 353:Melaka Sultanate 278:Malay sultanates 208: 207: 205: 186:Malaysian Malays 69:Total population 57: 47: 46: 44: 34: 32:Malaysian Malays 30: 7491: 7490: 7486: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7481: 7480: 7451: 7450: 7449: 7444: 7335: 7328: 7317:(non-Peranakan) 7316: 7306: 7294: 7238: 7226: 7204: 7153: 7141: 7138:Peranakan Turki 7098: 6974: 6867: 6726: 6716: 6714: 6702: 6585: 6541:Penangite Malay 6495: 6476: 6465: 6460: 6430: 6425: 6391:Arab Malaysians 6365: 6297: 6257:Bruneian Malays 6153: 6138: 6127: 6122: 6088: 6070: 6052: 6023: 6021:Further reading 6014: 5996: 5977: 5959: 5937: 5919: 5897: 5879: 5859: 5841: 5822: 5790: 5765: 5763: 5746: 5723: 5705: 5685: 5665: 5636: 5618: 5584: 5566: 5548: 5530: 5490: 5472: 5454: 5434: 5429: 5381: 5374: 5326: 5322: 5267: 5258: 5212: 5208: 5163: 5159: 5105: 5096: 5087: 5083: 5079:, p. 1210. 5075: 5071: 5063: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5039: 5032: 5024: 5017: 5009: 5005: 4997: 4993: 4985: 4981: 4973: 4969: 4961: 4957: 4949: 4945: 4937: 4930: 4922: 4918: 4910: 4906: 4898: 4894: 4886: 4879: 4871: 4864: 4857: 4841: 4837: 4829: 4825: 4824: 4817: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4784: 4783: 4779: 4771: 4767: 4757: 4755: 4752:www.jkkn.gov.my 4746: 4745: 4741: 4733: 4729: 4721: 4717: 4705: 4699: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4675: 4671: 4663: 4659: 4651: 4647: 4639: 4635: 4627: 4623: 4615: 4611: 4603: 4599: 4591: 4587: 4577: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4554: 4550: 4542: 4538: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4502: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4475: 4471: 4461: 4459: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4428: 4421: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4389: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4370: 4368: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4340: 4338: 4327: 4323: 4315: 4311: 4305:Barrington 2006 4303: 4299: 4291: 4284: 4276: 4272: 4264: 4260: 4252: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4228: 4224: 4216: 4212: 4204: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4178: 4176: 4167: 4163: 4155: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4133: 4129: 4119: 4117: 4107: 4103: 4095: 4086: 4079: 4070: 4062: 4058: 4050: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4018: 4017: 4013: 3986:Asian Ethnicity 3982: 3975: 3969: 3955: 3951: 3945: 3931: 3927: 3921: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3859: 3855: 3847: 3843: 3835: 3828: 3820: 3816: 3808: 3804: 3796: 3789: 3779: 3777: 3767: 3760: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3688:Bruneian Malays 3680:Malaysia portal 3678: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3587: 3398:Negeri Sembilan 3179:Negeri Sembilan 3118:Other than the 3116: 3110: 3060:Coastal Borneo 3026:Perakian Malays 2928:Coastal Borneo 2874:Bruneian Malays 2847: 2828: 2608:Negeri Sembilan 2460: 2455: 2407:Malaysian music 2172:Negeri Sembilan 2040: 2039: 2023:Foreign Malays 2007: 2006: 1998:Total: 1826307 1957: 1956: 1927: 1926: 1877: 1876: 1847: 1846: 1797: 1796: 1767: 1766: 1717: 1716: 1687: 1686: 1637: 1636: 1607: 1606: 1557: 1556: 1527: 1526: 1477: 1476: 1447: 1446: 1397: 1396: 1367: 1366: 1317: 1316: 1287: 1286: 1237: 1236: 1207: 1206: 1157: 1156: 1127: 1126: 1091: 1085: 1033:Johor Sultanate 1029:Classical Malay 963:Bahasa Malaysia 939: 927:Main articles: 925: 850:Empire of Japan 804:and formed the 798:Negeri Sembilan 718:Kingdom of Siam 675:Negeri Sembilan 647:Bruneian Empire 643:South China Sea 520:Malay Peninsula 470: 460: 437:Chinese Muslims 349: 343: 337: 238:Malay Peninsula 179: 171:Filipino Malays 121: 116: 112: 103: 77: 64: 48: 39: 29: 24: 21:Malaysian Malay 17: 12: 11: 5: 7489: 7479: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7361: 7356: 7346: 7340: 7338: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7326: 7320: 7318: 7315:Mixed ancestry 7312: 7311: 7308: 7307: 7302: 7300: 7293: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7246: 7244: 7232: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7224: 7219: 7216:Peranakan Cina 7212: 7210: 7203: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7161: 7159: 7147: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7139: 7136: 7133:Peranakan Siam 7130: 7128:Jawi Peranakan 7125: 7118: 7116:Peranakan Arab 7112: 7110: 7104: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7033: 7032: 7031: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 6995: 6984: 6982: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6952: 6951: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6905: 6904: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6877: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6828: 6827: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6781: 6780: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6763: 6762: 6757: 6747: 6742: 6731: 6729: 6718: 6708: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6688:Burmese Malays 6685: 6680: 6679: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6633: 6632: 6631: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6595: 6593: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6571:Bruneian Malay 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6551:Perlisan Malay 6548: 6546:Perakian Malay 6543: 6538: 6533: 6531:Malaccan Malay 6528: 6523: 6518: 6516:Johorean Malay 6512: 6510: 6501: 6486: 6478: 6477: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6459: 6458: 6451: 6444: 6436: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6377: 6375: 6374:Non-Bumiputera 6371: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6352: 6351: 6346: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6279: 6274: 6273:Molbog/Balabak 6271: 6266: 6261: 6260: 6259: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6223: 6222: 6217: 6207: 6206: 6205: 6204: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6168: 6157: 6155: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6121: 6120: 6113: 6106: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6073: 6068: 6055: 6050: 6044:, Deepublish, 6037: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6012: 5999: 5994: 5981: 5975: 5962: 5957: 5940: 5935: 5922: 5917: 5900: 5895: 5882: 5877: 5862: 5857: 5844: 5839: 5826: 5820: 5793: 5788: 5771: 5750: 5744: 5726: 5721: 5708: 5703: 5688: 5683: 5668: 5663: 5648: 5639: 5634: 5621: 5616: 5603: 5587: 5582: 5569: 5564: 5551: 5546: 5533: 5528: 5515: 5504:(2): 267–286, 5493: 5488: 5475: 5470: 5457: 5452: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5427: 5372: 5335:Human Genomics 5320: 5256: 5227:(3): 309–326. 5221:Human Genetics 5206: 5177:(3): 426–436. 5157: 5094: 5081: 5069: 5067:, p. 267. 5057: 5055:, p. 279. 5045: 5043:, p. 285. 5030: 5028:, p. 286. 5015: 5013:, p. 273. 5003: 5001:, p. 274. 4991: 4989:, p. 283. 4979: 4977:, p. 271. 4967: 4965:, p. 270. 4955: 4953:, p. 269. 4943: 4941:, p. 284. 4928: 4926:, p. 282. 4916: 4914:, p. 297. 4904: 4892: 4877: 4875:, p. 232. 4862: 4855: 4835: 4815: 4803: 4777: 4765: 4739: 4727: 4715: 4693: 4681: 4669: 4657: 4645: 4633: 4621: 4609: 4597: 4585: 4560: 4548: 4536: 4523: 4516: 4496: 4469: 4442: 4410: 4378: 4348: 4321: 4309: 4297: 4282: 4270: 4258: 4246: 4234: 4222: 4210: 4198: 4186: 4161: 4149: 4127: 4101: 4084: 4068: 4066:, pp. 1–6 4056: 4041: 4011: 3973: 3967: 3949: 3943: 3925: 3919: 3901: 3895: 3877: 3871: 3853: 3841: 3826: 3814: 3802: 3787: 3758: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3684: 3683: 3667: 3664: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3267: 3266: 3263: 3235:Malay identity 3109: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3099: 3073: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3046:Sarawak Malays 3042: 3041: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3022: 3021: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2998: 2973: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2941: 2936: 2934:Kedahan Malays 2930: 2929: 2926: 2881: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2846: 2843: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2798:Malaysia total 2794: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2482: 2481: 2478: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2411:Irama Malaysia 2395:Malay folklore 2351:Dondang Sayang 2219:Arab Peranakan 2160:Malay language 2096:Southeast Asia 2074: 2073: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2038: 2037: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2017: 2016: 2005: 2004: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1955: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1937: 1936: 1925: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1875: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1845: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1795: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1765: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1715: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1685: 1674: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1635: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1605: 1594: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1555: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1525: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1475: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1445: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1395: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1365: 1354: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1315: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1285: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1235: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1205: 1194: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1155: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1125: 1114: 1100: 1099: 1084: 1081: 929:Malay language 924: 921: 878:'s concept of 846:British Malaya 778:British Empire 748:was leased to 722:Chakri dynasty 708:Historically, 681:respectively. 603:ethnoreligious 532:Southeast Asia 459: 456: 444:ethnoreligious 429:fully embraced 413:Malay language 374:Malay language 365:ethnoreligious 339:Main article: 336: 333: 329:Muslim culture 319:of Indochina, 181: 180: 178: 177: 168: 166:Bruneian Malay 163: 158: 153: 147: 144: 143: 139: 138: 132: 131: 127: 126: 97: 96: 92: 91: 85: 84: 80: 79: 71: 70: 66: 65: 58: 50: 49: 37: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7488: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7379:East Timorese 7377: 7375: 7372: 7369: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7354: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7331: 7325: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7313: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7237: 7233: 7223: 7220: 7218:(Baba-Nyonya) 7217: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7207: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7152: 7148: 7137: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7123: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7109: 7105: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6989: 6988:Kadazan-Dusun 6986: 6985: 6983: 6981: 6977: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6906: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6870: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6833: 6832: 6829: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6786: 6785: 6782: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6761: 6760:Orang Seletar 6758: 6756: 6753: 6752: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6737: 6736: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6722: 6719: 6713: 6709: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6693:Patani Malays 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6641: 6637: 6634: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6588: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6521:Kedahan Malay 6519: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6505: 6502: 6499: 6494: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6484: 6479: 6475: 6474: 6468: 6464: 6457: 6452: 6450: 6445: 6443: 6438: 6437: 6434: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6372: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6211: 6208: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6163: 6162: 6161:Kadazan-Dusun 6159: 6158: 6156: 6154:(Anak Negeri) 6150: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6136: 6130: 6126: 6119: 6114: 6112: 6107: 6105: 6100: 6099: 6096: 6089: 6083: 6079: 6074: 6071: 6065: 6062:, NUS Press, 6061: 6056: 6053: 6047: 6043: 6038: 6035:(1): 107–121. 6034: 6030: 6025: 6024: 6015: 6009: 6005: 6000: 5997: 5991: 5987: 5982: 5978: 5972: 5968: 5963: 5960: 5954: 5949: 5948: 5941: 5938: 5932: 5928: 5923: 5920: 5914: 5909: 5908: 5901: 5898: 5892: 5888: 5883: 5880: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5863: 5860: 5854: 5850: 5845: 5842: 5836: 5832: 5827: 5823: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5794: 5791: 5785: 5782:, Routledge, 5780: 5779: 5772: 5761: 5757: 5756: 5751: 5747: 5741: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5727: 5724: 5718: 5714: 5709: 5706: 5700: 5696: 5695: 5689: 5686: 5680: 5676: 5675: 5669: 5666: 5660: 5656: 5655: 5649: 5645: 5640: 5637: 5631: 5628:, MIT press, 5627: 5622: 5619: 5613: 5609: 5604: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5588: 5585: 5579: 5575: 5570: 5567: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5549: 5543: 5539: 5534: 5531: 5525: 5521: 5516: 5512: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5494: 5491: 5485: 5481: 5476: 5473: 5467: 5463: 5458: 5455: 5449: 5444: 5443: 5436: 5435: 5423: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5379: 5377: 5368: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5324: 5316: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5281:(4): e18312. 5280: 5276: 5272: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5252: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5210: 5202: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5161: 5153: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5091: 5085: 5078: 5073: 5066: 5061: 5054: 5049: 5042: 5037: 5035: 5027: 5022: 5020: 5012: 5007: 5000: 4995: 4988: 4983: 4976: 4971: 4964: 4959: 4952: 4947: 4940: 4935: 4933: 4925: 4920: 4913: 4908: 4901: 4896: 4889: 4884: 4882: 4874: 4869: 4867: 4858: 4852: 4848: 4847: 4839: 4828: 4822: 4820: 4813:, p. 383 4812: 4807: 4791: 4787: 4781: 4775:, p. 465 4774: 4769: 4753: 4749: 4743: 4736: 4731: 4724: 4719: 4711: 4704: 4697: 4690: 4685: 4679:, p. 131 4678: 4673: 4666: 4661: 4654: 4649: 4642: 4637: 4630: 4625: 4618: 4613: 4606: 4601: 4595:, p. 119 4594: 4589: 4570: 4564: 4557: 4552: 4546:, p. 286 4545: 4540: 4533: 4527: 4519: 4513: 4509: 4508: 4500: 4484: 4480: 4473: 4457: 4453: 4446: 4427: 4420: 4414: 4395: 4388: 4382: 4366: 4362: 4361:Daily Express 4358: 4352: 4336: 4332: 4325: 4319:, p. 227 4318: 4313: 4306: 4301: 4294: 4289: 4287: 4279: 4274: 4268:, p. 204 4267: 4262: 4255: 4250: 4243: 4238: 4231: 4226: 4219: 4218:Richmond 2007 4214: 4207: 4202: 4196:, p. 200 4195: 4190: 4175: 4171: 4165: 4158: 4153: 4138: 4131: 4116: 4112: 4105: 4099:, p. 111 4098: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4082: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4065: 4060: 4053: 4048: 4046: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4015: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3980: 3978: 3970: 3964: 3960: 3953: 3946: 3940: 3936: 3929: 3922: 3916: 3912: 3905: 3898: 3892: 3888: 3881: 3874: 3868: 3864: 3857: 3851:, p. 230 3850: 3845: 3838: 3833: 3831: 3824:, p. 436 3823: 3818: 3811: 3806: 3799: 3794: 3792: 3776: 3772: 3765: 3763: 3743: 3737: 3733: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3718:Tausūg people 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3693:Patani Malays 3691: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3681: 3670: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3652:Temuan people 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3624:Melayu Patani 3621: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3605:Temuan people 3601: 3597: 3592: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3268: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3191: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3115: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3051:Sarawak Malay 3049: 3047: 3044: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3006:Pahang Malays 3004: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2959: 2957: 2954:and Northern 2953: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2920:Kota Kinabalu 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2867: 2865:Native areas 2864: 2861: 2859:Ethnic group 2858: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2833: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2483: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2465: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2308: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2282:Patani Malays 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2227:Chetti Melaka 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2201:, to embrace 2200: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2120:Terengganuans 2117: 2112: 2111:Austroasiatic 2108: 2107:Austronesians 2104: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2092:Syariah Court 2089: 2085: 2081: 2068: 2054: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2036: 2035: 2021: 2014: 2011: 2010: 2003: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1979: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1923: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1910: 1909: 1899: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1830: 1829: 1819: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1793: 1792: 1789: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1750: 1749: 1739: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1713: 1712: 1709: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1675: 1670: 1669: 1659: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1590: 1589: 1579: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1515: 1510: 1509: 1499: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1430: 1429: 1419: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1363: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1355: 1350: 1349: 1339: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1270: 1269: 1259: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1190: 1189: 1179: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1115: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1089:Malay culture 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1013:lingua franca 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 982: 980: 976: 972: 968: 967:Bahasa Melayu 964: 960: 957:Malay is the 952: 951:Jawi alphabet 948: 943: 938: 934: 930: 920: 918: 914: 913:Malayan Union 910: 906: 902: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 851: 847: 843: 839: 836:. During the 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 762:Dutch Malacca 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 724:annexed both 723: 719: 715: 711: 703: 699: 695: 691: 686: 682: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 615:conquistadors 613: 609: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 579: 575: 573: 569: 565: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 500:belief system 498: 494: 490: 487: 483: 474: 469: 465: 455: 453: 449: 448:Federal Court 445: 440: 438: 434: 433:Tamil Muslims 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 401: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 366: 362: 358: 354: 348: 342: 332: 330: 326: 325:Patani Malays 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 285: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 266:Terengganuans 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 230: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 199: 195: 191: 187: 176: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 148: 145: 140: 137: 133: 128: 124: 119: 115: 110: 106: 102: 98: 93: 90: 86: 81: 76: 72: 67: 62: 56: 51: 35: 26: 22: 7476:Malay people 7430:Singaporeans 7336:/expatriates 7062:Orang Sungai 6599:Cocos Malays 6590: 6556:Pahang Malay 6507: 6492: 6481: 6471: 6348: 6344:Cocos Malays 6338: 6251: 6210:Orang Sungai 6133: 6077: 6059: 6041: 6032: 6028: 6003: 5985: 5966: 5946: 5926: 5906: 5886: 5867: 5848: 5830: 5801: 5777: 5764:, retrieved 5760:the original 5754: 5734: 5712: 5693: 5673: 5653: 5643: 5625: 5607: 5594:, ABC-CLIO, 5591: 5573: 5555: 5537: 5519: 5501: 5497: 5479: 5461: 5441: 5432:Bibliography 5393: 5389: 5338: 5334: 5323: 5278: 5274: 5224: 5220: 5209: 5174: 5170: 5160: 5117: 5113: 5084: 5072: 5060: 5048: 5006: 4994: 4982: 4970: 4958: 4946: 4919: 4907: 4895: 4845: 4838: 4806: 4794:. Retrieved 4789: 4780: 4768: 4756:. Retrieved 4751: 4742: 4730: 4718: 4709: 4696: 4689:Barnard 2004 4684: 4672: 4667:, p. 50 4660: 4648: 4641:Barnard 2004 4636: 4624: 4612: 4600: 4588: 4576:. Retrieved 4563: 4558:, p. 37 4551: 4539: 4526: 4506: 4499: 4487:. Retrieved 4482: 4472: 4460:. Retrieved 4455: 4445: 4433:. Retrieved 4426:the original 4413: 4401:. Retrieved 4394:the original 4381: 4369:. Retrieved 4360: 4351: 4339:. Retrieved 4334: 4324: 4312: 4300: 4280:, p. 29 4273: 4266:Ganguly 1997 4261: 4249: 4244:, p. 78 4237: 4232:, p. 14 4225: 4220:, p. 32 4213: 4208:, p. 15 4201: 4189: 4177:. Retrieved 4164: 4159:, p. 25 4152: 4140:. Retrieved 4130: 4118:. Retrieved 4114: 4104: 4081:Pearson 2015 4059: 4054:, p. 28 4032:. Retrieved 4028:the original 4023: 4014: 3989: 3985: 3958: 3952: 3934: 3928: 3910: 3904: 3886: 3880: 3862: 3856: 3844: 3837:Barnard 2004 3817: 3812:, p. 74 3805: 3778:. Retrieved 3774: 3749:. Retrieved 3736: 3723:Dayak people 3703:Cocos Malays 3617: 3588: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3239: 3227: 3195: 3189: 3168: 3156:Minangkabaus 3127: 3119: 3117: 3011:Pahang Malay 2994:district of 2986:district of 2879:Brunei Malay 2850: 2848: 2829: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2551:Kuala Lumpur 2461: 2453:Demographics 2410: 2375:Wayang Kulit 2344: 2317: 2311: 2294:Cocos Malays 2253: 2252:, termed as 2247: 2188: 2144: 2109:and various 2100: 2083: 2080:Malay rulers 2077: 1997: 1096: 1049:Terengganuan 1037: 1028: 1010: 1000:as well as 983: 966: 962: 956: 854: 840:, all these 838:World War II 782:Malay rulers 758:Johor Empire 710:Malay states 707: 693: 608:Malayisation 599:Islamisation 584: 528:civilisation 516:Merbok River 503: 489:Austronesian 479: 441: 425:ethnic Malay 402: 370:Malay Rulers 361:ethnogenesis 350: 321:Cocos Malays 286: 269: 233: 231: 226: 222: 204:ملايو مليسيا 185: 184: 113: 100: 88: 74: 60: 43:ملايو مليسيا 28:Ethnic group 25: 7359:Bangladeshi 7222:Sino-Native 6755:Orang Kuala 6745:Orang Kanaq 6735:Proto-Malay 6661:Minangkabau 6640:Bugis-Malay 6591:Anak Dagang 6401:Indonesians 6324:Sino-Native 5065:Bahrin 1967 5053:Bahrin 1967 5041:Bahrin 1967 5026:Bahrin 1967 5011:Bahrin 1967 4999:Bahrin 1967 4987:Bahrin 1967 4975:Bahrin 1967 4963:Bahrin 1967 4951:Bahrin 1967 4939:Bahrin 1967 4924:Bahrin 1967 4912:Bahrin 1967 4873:Milner 2010 4773:Condra 2013 4723:Bahrin 1967 4677:Milner 2010 4629:Milner 2010 4593:Peletz 1992 4544:Bahrin 1967 4403:29 November 4206:Harper 2001 4194:Andaya 2008 4064:Ragman 2003 4034:23 February 3849:Milner 2010 3839:, p. 4 3242:Vietnam War 3231:assimilated 3183:Proto-Malay 3128:Anak Dagang 3031:Perak Malay 2939:Kedah Malay 2912:Kuala Penyu 2480:Population 2435:Dikir Barat 2336:Baju Melayu 2332:Baju Kebaya 2328:Baju Kurung 2292:as well as 2254:anak dagang 2223:Baba Nyonya 2215:transmitted 2168:Minangkabau 2140:Sarawakians 2116:Kelantanese 1432:N. Sembilan 1077:Sabah Malay 1045:Kelantanese 998:Timor Leste 979:Jawi script 876:orientalist 826:handed over 808:. In 1909, 738:Kubang Pasu 667:Minangkabau 564:city-states 557:Lang-ya-xiu 543:, Tun-Sun, 524:Sungai Batu 482:Malay World 309:Minangkabau 270:Anak Dagang 262:Sarawakians 250:Kelantanese 227:Anak Dagang 219:Malay world 151:Thai Malays 136:Sunni Islam 7455:Categories 7440:Vietnamese 7394:Indonesian 7280:Sri Lankan 7084:Sama-Bajau 7052:Lun Bawang 6928:Lun Bawang 6861:Semaq Beri 6750:Orang Laut 6725:Peninsular 6712:Orang Asal 6629:Mandailing 6483:Bumiputera 6473:Malaysians 6411:Pakistanis 6302:Non-native 6264:Lun Bawang 6227:Sama-Bajau 6144:Bumiputera 5766:4 February 5600:B00ODJN4WA 4435:20 October 4371:16 October 3729:References 3713:Sama-Bajau 3508:Terengganu 3256:cultures. 3190:Adat Benar 3112:See also: 3076:Terengganu 2996:Terengganu 2832:Australian 2813:16,901,578 2803:17,610,458 2789:1,090,433 2783:1,144,450 2779:Terengganu 2770:3,806,796 2764:3,955,601 2656:1,359,760 2650:1,408,982 2637:1,134,900 2631:1,174,143 2542:1,671,097 2536:1,735,521 2523:1,624,366 2517:1,680,759 2504:2,158,943 2498:2,232,586 2367:Mek Mulung 2290:Terengganu 2270:Mandailing 2245:cultures. 2231:Jawi Pekan 2199:Orang laut 2195:Orang Asli 2164:Malay adat 2124:Pahangites 1912:Terengganu 1069:Sarawakian 1006:Indonesian 880:Malay race 818:Terengganu 720:under the 612:Portuguese 545:Chieh-ch'a 305:Mandailing 211:Malaysians 75:17,610,458 7425:Pakistani 7324:Chindians 7299:Peranakan 7209:Peranakan 7180:Hainanese 7170:Cantonese 7135:(Sam-Sam) 7108:Peranakan 7013:Mangka'ak 6908:Orang Ulu 6846:Cheq Wong 6683:Sundanese 6651:Baweanese 6619:Banjarese 6508:Anak Jati 6406:Filipinos 6329:Banjarese 6186:Mangka'ak 5341:(1): 16. 5120:: 14375. 4242:Chew 1999 4097:Hall 2017 4006:143809013 3662:, China. 3656:Wa people 3591:admixture 3288:Singapore 3233:into the 3223:Abu Bakar 3207:Singapore 3136:Banjarese 3120:Anak Jati 2862:Language 2851:Anak Jati 2703:Putrajaya 2443:Keroncong 2266:Banjarese 2203:Malayness 2152:Malayness 2136:Bruneians 2132:Perakians 2105:speaking 1053:Pahangite 994:Singapore 990:Indonesia 905:Malayness 800:accepted 754:Singapore 736:, Langu, 690:Hang Tuah 572:Srivijaya 561:sovereign 541:P'an P'an 536:Kedah Tua 497:animistic 417:Singapore 357:Malayness 347:Malayness 313:Indonesia 293:Banjarese 280:and were 258:Perakians 254:Pahangite 242:Bruneians 234:Anak Jati 223:Anak Jati 118:Malaysian 95:Languages 7411:(former) 7404:Japanese 7384:Filipino 7368:Rohingya 7353:Hadhrami 7265:Malayali 7250:Gujarati 7122:Kristang 7072:Tambanuo 7018:Maragang 6841:Mah Meri 6727:Malaysia 6656:Makassar 6646:Javanese 6614:Acehnese 6421:Bengalis 6386:Timorese 6319:Butonese 6314:Javanese 6281:Bulungan 6220:Tambanuo 6191:Maragang 5422:27090253 5396:(1). 5. 5367:26194999 5315:21483678 5275:PLOS ONE 5251:26781090 5201:24607387 5152:26395220 4796:11 March 4758:11 March 4578:11 March 4556:Tan 1982 4365:Archived 4230:Tan 1988 4172:(2001). 4024:The Star 3666:See also 3648:Sulawesi 3632:Marathis 3613:Negritos 3585:Genetics 3486:Kelantan 3376:Selangor 3175:Selangor 3152:Javanese 3140:Boyanese 3132:Acehnese 2976:Kelantan 2908:Beaufort 2904:Sipitang 2826:Diaspora 2760:Selangor 2751:575,114 2745:597,744 2732:237,355 2726:320,760 2713:101,824 2707:110,400 2694:245,358 2688:250,826 2675:707,155 2669:727,733 2618:692,906 2612:719,965 2599:653,817 2593:676,657 2561:824,770 2555:846,564 2532:Kelantan 2458:Malaysia 2403:folklore 2347:Mak Yong 2340:Malaysia 2307:Javanese 2286:Kelantan 2258:Acehnese 2235:Kristang 2207:absorbed 2176:Buginese 2128:Kedahans 1832:Selangor 1272:Kelantan 1073:Bruneian 1061:Perakian 1025:Sanskrit 1002:Thailand 923:Language 864:Republic 814:Kelantan 790:Selangor 766:Dindings 679:Selangor 635:Kelantan 549:Ch'ih-tu 504:semangat 452:Lina Joy 386:Malaysia 301:Javanese 297:Buginese 289:Acehnese 246:Kedahans 130:Religion 89:Malaysia 7399:Iranian 7364:Burmese 7344:African 7260:Punjabi 7195:Henghua 7190:Foochow 7185:Teochew 7165:Hokkien 7151:Chinese 7047:Illanun 7028:Rumanau 7023:Minokok 6993:Kadazan 6963:Melanau 6954:Others 6918:Kelabit 6891:Bukitan 6886:Bidayuh 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