2125:
2139:
420:
135:
73:
32:
999:
Malaysian
English as a form distinct from the basilect Manglish, which tends to ignore English grammar, while others may see the basilect as the "real" Malaysian English. There is also no consensus on what Standard Malaysian English might be. Some regard the mesolect to be substandard English and a local dialect.
956:. The acrolect is used by those with near-native level of proficiency in English, and only a relatively small percentage of Malaysians are fluent in it. The acrolect is internationally intelligible, and it is used for official purposes or formal occasions and written communications. It conforms to standard
1026:
is strongly influenced by local languages, with many non-English nouns and verbs commonly used, and it is significantly different grammatically from
Standard English. There are colloquialisms in English that are not common outside of Malaysia, which are also used colloquially as substitutes in other
1921:
people, especially
Chinese and Indians have tendencies to speak in English instead of Malay when they are interviewed on television. In terms of education, private universities and colleges in Malaysia mostly use Malaysian English for their identities. Most of Malaysian companies and organisations
1899:
that has recently evolved to become more
American by the influx of American TV programmes, the large number of Malaysians pursuing higher education in the United States, and by the large number of English-speaking Malaysians in cities employed in American companies. For example, that increased the
1650:
Malaysian
English has its own vocabulary, which comes from a variety of influences. Typically, for words or phrases that are based on other English words, the Malaysian English speaker may be unaware that the word or phrase is not used in British or American English. Such words are also present in
1021:
English in
Malaysia that some considered to be distinct from more "correct" forms of Malaysian English. It exists in a wide variety of forms and primarily as a spoken form of English. It is the most common form of spoken English on the street, but it is discouraged in schools, where only Malaysian
1335:
but spoken with a
Malaysian accent. However, in the postcolonial era (since 1957), the influx of American TV programmes has influenced the usage of Malaysian English. There is no official language board, council or organisation to ensure the correct and standard usage of Malaysian English because
998:
between them, depending on context. Most professionals and other
English-educated Malaysians speak mesolect English informally between themselves, but they may also use a basilect depending on the circumstances. All three varieties may be seen as part of Malaysian English, but some prefer to see
1875:
Syntactical differences are few although in colloquial speech 'shall' and 'ought' are wanting, 'must' is marginal for obligation and 'may' is rare. Many syntactical features of
Malaysian English are found in other forms of English such as British English and North American English:
1082:
tend to be the same for long and short vowels. There are, however, slight differences in pronunciation in the states in the central and southern parts of the Malay
Peninsula from those in the north and the east of Malaysia. There are also some variations in its vocabulary.
1271:
In the acrolect, which uses standard English vocabulary and is internationally comprehensible, non-English terms are still used. Typically these are words for which there is no direct equivalence in English or those that express local reality; for example,
1913:). However, American English has quite a strong foothold in international businesses in Malaysia. Malaysian English is also widely used in advertising sectors, especially commercial advertisements aired in private TV stations, primarily
1908:
Even though Malaysian English is not the official language of Malaysia, it is still used among Malaysians in business. About 80% of urban businesses in Malaysia conduct their transactions in English (both Malaysian English and
963:
The mesolect is a localised form of English that is used by competent speakers of English or as an informal medium of communication between different ethnic groups of Malaysia. It may use some colloquial terms, and its
1319:, meaning "head", "upper reaches of a river", "interior of a country"). In the basilect, the use of local terms may be extensive even if most words used are English, and local expressions or exclamations such as
2399:
1027:
languages in Malaysia. In Manglish, Malay or Chinese grammatical structure may be used with English words, which is often done quite spontaneously, sometimes for comic effect.
2374:
1362:
from the 18th century. However, influence from American mass media, particularly in the form of television programmes and films has made most Malaysians familiar with many
1062:
Malaysian English shows a tendency towards simplification in its pronunciation and grammar, a feature also found in other new Englishes. For example, in pronunciation,
1132:
1621:
one thousand and one hundred, 1100. Likewise, "thousand two" and "thousand three" also means "one thousand two hundred", "one thousand three hundred", and so on.
570:
4463:
5809:
2583:
1341:
5749:
932:. While Malaysian English can encompass a range of English spoken in Malaysia, some consider it to be distinct from the colloquial form commonly called
1146:
892:
983:
with syntax that deviates substantially from Standard English. The basilect may be hard to understand internationally, and it is often referred to as
2087:
1766:. Some phrases used for emphasis in British or American English are used as particles in Malaysian English, while ignoring the participle or a verb.
4127:
866:
1742:
Many words of Malay origin have made it into the standard form of Malaysian English used in the media, literature and formal speech. For example,
2680:
2390:
1355:(the English Language paper set by the Malaysian Ministry of Education is the same as the English Language "1119" paper for GCE O-Level).
3873:
2493:
1253:
system is also often reduced, and sometimes, a verb may be absent. The colloquial form often has Malay or Chinese grammatical structure.
5844:
4817:
4276:
1895:
Officially, Malaysian English uses the same pronunciation system as British English. However, most Malaysians speak with a distinctive
4024:
2722:
2157:
975:
The basilect is used very informally by those with limited proficiency and vocabulary in English, and it has features of an extended
1390:" are understood, but the British form is preferred. Only in some very limited cases is the American English form more widespread: "
4397:
4236:
4152:
2365:
4616:
534:
199:
1537:
to accompany, e.g. "Can I follow you?" meaning "Can I come with you?" or, "I will follow you." meaning "I will come with you."
885:
2475:
171:
5894:
5679:
4387:
4179:
4087:
3507:
2763:
5914:
4987:
4872:
4147:
4137:
4112:
2167:
797:
5395:
2673:
490:
178:
1559:
condition of a person who is dazed, confused, appears mentally slow, e.g. "You look very blur right now, take a break."
1078:
often become simplified. There are 6 short monophthongs in Malaysian English, compared to 7 in British English, and the
5500:
4549:
4468:
4261:
2557:
152:
45:
4644:
4241:
2530:
2427:
2332:
2196:
878:
236:
218:
116:
59:
1233:
and past-tense markers may sometimes be omitted, question structures may be simplified, and the distinction between
98:
5299:
4214:
3767:
2646:
1345:
185:
4142:
1922:
have started using their official name in English instead of Malay to keep up with modernisation in recent years.
1043:
ruled what is now Malaysia, it shares many of the features of British English. However, it also has components of
5547:
5343:
4458:
4281:
4117:
1476:
a historical copying machine using a camera and photographic paper, which was superseded by the photocopier. See
595:
480:
1229:
The grammar in Malaysian English may become simplified in the mesolectal and basilectal varieties. For example,
5950:
5864:
5304:
4810:
4478:
3212:
2666:
1121:
156:
83:
167:
5904:
5597:
5559:
4571:
4566:
4332:
4286:
4256:
4184:
4083:
4053:
4017:
1997:
1307:
In the mesolect, local words and phrases for which there are English equivalents may also used, for example,
1193:
The 'd' at the end of the word is usually dropped. For example, "cold", "hold" and "world" are pronounced as
1093:
5945:
5899:
5552:
5372:
5189:
5010:
4512:
4174:
3777:
3207:
2655:
Shows many of the mistakes made by Malaysians when speaking English and shows the true English equivalents.
2458:
2187:
1100:
991:
627:
575:
354:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1117:
1110:
1106:
5275:
5265:
4863:
4830:
4826:
4689:
4606:
4498:
4367:
4246:
1743:
1358:
To a large extent, Malaysian English is descended from British English, largely because of the country's
849:
692:
5859:
5574:
5432:
4843:
4392:
4317:
4271:
4229:
4204:
3247:
2610:
1652:
555:
4795:
5839:
5365:
5323:
5294:
5226:
5194:
4803:
4440:
4428:
4251:
4219:
3102:
2768:
2592:
1551:
to cause something to go somewhere without accompanying it, e.g. "I sent this letter to my grandma."
1434:
Some words and phrases used in Malaysia have different meanings than in British or American English.
5564:
5518:
5417:
5390:
5355:
5250:
5121:
4770:
4720:
4596:
4539:
4493:
4445:
4433:
4347:
4322:
4209:
4010:
3132:
2788:
2099:
2095:
1352:
697:
5776:
5609:
5427:
5402:
4581:
4423:
4199:
3945:
3858:
3589:
3342:
3292:
3272:
3192:
3177:
3112:
2746:
1978:
1220:
tend to have the same length (for example, "beat" and "bit" are homophones in Malaysian English).
359:
317:
297:
287:
277:
145:
94:
5691:
5669:
5473:
5170:
5139:
5017:
4730:
4559:
4534:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4352:
4337:
3973:
3910:
3436:
3097:
3002:
2957:
2897:
2758:
2036:
822:
807:
529:
192:
51:
5587:
3407:
2501:
5889:
5674:
5569:
5282:
5216:
4970:
4960:
4955:
4611:
4576:
4544:
4488:
4357:
4327:
4189:
4162:
4122:
3815:
3317:
3197:
2942:
2795:
2689:
2417:
2322:
2110:
1285:
1274:
817:
702:
5882:
1632:
a power outage or a blackout, when an electrical device or power system suddenly stops. See
1562:
vague, visually indistinct, e.g. "Everything is just a blur when I take my spectacles off."
5311:
5204:
5144:
5022:
4995:
4912:
4664:
4659:
4601:
4524:
4300:
4224:
4097:
4058:
3968:
3950:
3692:
3671:
3262:
2952:
2783:
2773:
2103:
2016:
which broadcasts purely in English. The Government National Language policy requires local
2001:
1993:
1256:
379:
292:
90:
2611:"How different are the monophthongs of Malay speakers of Malaysian and Singapore English?"
8:
5909:
5739:
5731:
5629:
5592:
5478:
5463:
5338:
5328:
5255:
5094:
4763:
4756:
4631:
4591:
4483:
4411:
4312:
4266:
4045:
4037:
3920:
3868:
3833:
3666:
3560:
3451:
3297:
3242:
2987:
2842:
2817:
2009:
1958:
1954:
1023:
777:
672:
647:
642:
637:
560:
5799:
5766:
5701:
5684:
5539:
5360:
4907:
4897:
4649:
4586:
4554:
4107:
4063:
3634:
3540:
3382:
3347:
3312:
3167:
3147:
3117:
2857:
2225:
2039:
2017:
2013:
1962:
1946:
1056:
842:
827:
792:
632:
539:
282:
2862:
458:
5804:
5761:
5721:
5513:
5450:
5199:
4975:
4939:
4779:
4694:
4679:
4674:
4654:
4621:
4529:
4450:
4102:
3885:
3863:
3757:
3656:
3651:
3639:
3629:
3594:
3392:
3357:
3187:
3157:
3027:
2927:
2917:
2778:
2704:
2596:
2553:
2526:
2423:
2328:
2229:
2192:
2152:
1966:
1477:
1280:
1230:
1075:
812:
787:
682:
657:
622:
617:
591:
466:
5495:
3137:
2977:
486:
5924:
5877:
5829:
5756:
5664:
5654:
5649:
5639:
5485:
5458:
5316:
5236:
5181:
5079:
5061:
5048:
4885:
4880:
4725:
4342:
3880:
3848:
3843:
3702:
3676:
3661:
3604:
3535:
3377:
3337:
3257:
3252:
3232:
3222:
3182:
3172:
3162:
3107:
3077:
3067:
3022:
2992:
2902:
2867:
2751:
2622:
2540:
Azirah Hashim; Tan, Rachel (24 January 2012). Low, Ee Ling; Hashim, Azirah (eds.).
2280:
2217:
2144:
2107:
2029:
2025:
1974:
1938:
1896:
1759:
1363:
1071:
1052:
1044:
925:
802:
782:
772:
747:
742:
732:
717:
712:
677:
652:
612:
515:
307:
302:
5794:
5696:
5634:
5604:
5412:
5287:
5108:
5084:
5056:
5027:
5000:
4965:
4852:
4784:
4684:
4669:
4362:
4132:
3900:
3890:
3744:
3712:
3707:
3697:
3644:
3582:
3575:
3524:
3367:
3282:
3277:
3217:
3122:
3087:
3082:
3072:
3062:
3017:
3007:
2997:
2937:
2932:
2912:
2907:
2738:
2712:
2541:
2520:
2130:
1942:
1332:
1250:
1246:
1036:
980:
957:
921:
832:
762:
727:
707:
687:
662:
269:
5869:
5784:
5744:
5644:
5468:
5221:
5126:
5116:
5032:
4834:
4473:
4078:
4073:
3853:
3570:
3512:
3480:
3475:
3397:
3387:
3372:
3332:
3307:
3302:
3287:
3267:
3237:
3227:
3202:
3152:
3127:
3057:
3052:
3012:
2982:
2922:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2852:
2832:
2812:
2575:
2071:
2051:
2047:
2021:
1926:
1763:
1359:
1337:
1242:
1048:
1040:
995:
737:
722:
667:
565:
384:
374:
2221:
1190:
The diphthongs are monophthongised: 'ow' ( or ) becomes and 'ay' () becomes .
5939:
5919:
5834:
5490:
5407:
5348:
5260:
5211:
5089:
5071:
4710:
4639:
4194:
4092:
4068:
3930:
3915:
3905:
3730:
3460:
3402:
3362:
3352:
3327:
3322:
3142:
3047:
3037:
2800:
2652:
2600:
1981:
1930:
1178:
1014:
837:
364:
312:
5422:
5270:
5149:
4736:
3895:
3805:
3519:
3497:
3092:
2962:
2626:
2162:
2043:
1985:
1950:
1217:
1125:
1079:
757:
2285:
2268:
1259:
are commonly used in colloquial Malaysian English, a notable one being an
3825:
3787:
3782:
3492:
3470:
3465:
3441:
2972:
2967:
2892:
2887:
2091:
2075:
2033:
1914:
1633:
1174:
1067:
369:
2658:
1331:
In the first half of the 20th century, Malaysian English was similar to
5333:
4825:
3772:
2947:
2476:"Staying clear of the half-past-six conundrum | New Straits Times"
2067:
2063:
1970:
1292:. Words from the Chinese or Indian languages may also be used, such as
1234:
1184:
The 'th' fricatives (θ and ð) are pronounced as stops: for and for .
1746:(Malay for Chief Minister) even has a plural form in English – Menteri
4890:
3752:
3565:
3487:
3446:
2083:
2059:
1351:
English Language "1119" paper, which is a compulsory subject for the
1238:
1063:
1059:, and other languages in its vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar.
451:
439:
4002:
2441:
2439:
2102:
do air some English Malaysian-made programmes. A few Malaysian-made
1903:
1429:
134:
101:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
4917:
4715:
4033:
3810:
3762:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2138:
1989:
1934:
1918:
1910:
1886:
I('ve) got one of those already. for "I already have one of those."
1693:
public telephone or public phone (also used in Australian English)
1260:
1008:
984:
953:
949:
945:
933:
929:
498:
425:
260:
20:
2494:"Najib chairs 108th Meeting of Mentaris Besar and Chief Ministers"
2320:
2266:
1548:
to take someone somewhere, e.g. "Can you send me to the airport?"
5854:
5849:
5659:
5005:
4932:
4927:
3502:
2576:"Malaysian English: Exploring the Possibility of Standardization"
2542:"English in Southeast Asia: Features, Policy and Language in Use"
2436:
2055:
1348:
1294:
965:
767:
494:
2640:
2415:
2293:
2243:
2241:
2239:
4922:
4902:
3838:
2005:
1540:
to go after or behind, e.g. "The police car was following me."
1018:
976:
969:
3599:
2522:
Conditions for English Language Teaching and Learning in Asia
2341:
2236:
2208:
Baskaran, M. (January 1994). "The Malaysian English mosaic".
1300:
1289:
1128:(unlike in many forms of British English, including Cockney).
960:, but some words that are specific to Malaysia may be used.
944:
Malaysian English may be categorised into three levels: the
3609:
2079:
1813:
just now (for the immediate past, as in a few minutes ago)
1241:
may be blurred. In the basilectal variety, omission of the
1181:
of British English and with most forms of American English.
1758:
Particles in Malaysian English come from the influence of
1473:
a photocopier; also used as a verb meaning "to photocopy"
497:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2416:
Toshiko Yamaguchi; David Deterding, eds. (7 April 2016).
1645:
2321:
Toshiko Yamaguchi, David Deterding, ed. (7 April 2016).
2191:, p 61, edited by Prof. Dato' Dr Asmah Haji Omar (2004)
2188:
The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Languages & Literature
1161:. For example, "new", "tune" and "dune" are pronounced
994:
exists between these three varieties, and speakers may
2020:
to air at least 25% Malaysian-made programmes (either
1900:
emphasis on "r" in words such as "refer" and "world".
1683:
1415:
1403:
1391:
1385:
1373:
2649:, Should Malaysians speak Manglish or proper English?
2584:
Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities
1677:
1421:
1409:
1397:
1379:
1367:
2120:
1342:
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate
1070:in Malaysian English, stops may be used instead of
159:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2389:
2364:
1937:also performs songs in English. There are several
2519:Sung, Kiwan; Spolsky, Bernard (28 January 2015).
1904:Role of Malaysian English in Independent Malaysia
1753:
1430:Words with different meaning in Malaysian English
5937:
2539:
2445:
2347:
2308:
972:may show some deviations from standard English.
2573:
1340:replaced English as the official language. The
2474:HAMID, DATUK ABU BAKAR ABDUL (July 21, 2018).
1717:medical certificate (often abbreviated to MC)
1639:a trip by someone to show off their authority
1570:to put something away e.g. in a pocket or bag
1124:(unlike in American English) or realised as a
4811:
4018:
2674:
2387:
2267:Jantmary Thirusanku; Melor Md. Yunus (2012).
1728:deposit a cheque (UK) / deposit a check (US)
1712:kept on file, held for further consideration
1669:
1530:
1515:
1500:
1485:
1466:
1451:
886:
5169:
2552:. John Benjamins Publishing Company: 55–74.
2411:
2409:
2362:
2207:
2518:
2486:
2419:English in Malaysia: Current Use and Status
2324:English in Malaysia: Current Use and Status
2247:
2012:only). However, Malaysia does not have any
1323:(Oh my god) often form part of the speech.
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5845:Comparison of American and British English
4818:
4804:
4025:
4011:
2681:
2667:
2609:Tan, Rachel; Low, Ee Ling (January 2010).
1883:(Have) you got any? for "Do you have any?"
1173:. That contrasts with many varieties from
893:
879:
2688:
2406:
2284:
2158:British and Malaysian English differences
2002:Lite (formerly known as Light & Easy)
1573:to own and retain something indefinitely
237:Learn how and when to remove this message
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
5538:
2498:Bernama – Malaysian National News Agency
1709:keep in view (often abbreviated to KIV)
1344:continues, however, to set and mark the
1311:("never mind", "it does not matter") or
1035:Since Malaysian English originates from
2703:
491:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
5938:
2608:
2358:
2356:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
1778:Example in British / American English
1646:Words used mainly in Malaysian English
1120:in words like "butter" is usually not
1105:, and words like "cab" and "tab" have
4799:
4032:
4006:
3508:Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien
2662:
2546:Varieties of English Around the World
2473:
2269:"The Many Faces of Malaysian English"
1880:Can I come too? for "May I come too?"
1651:the vocabulary of some continuums of
1263:"lah" used at the end of a sentence.
867:Teaching English as a second language
5915:Non-native pronunciations of English
4464:States and municipalities by exports
4153:2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis
2168:Regional accents of English speakers
1147:English consonant-cluster reductions
990:As with other similar situations, a
157:adding citations to reliable sources
128:
66:
25:
2593:Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Press
2353:
2253:
1925:In music industry, singers such as
1581:to build or put something together
13:
2574:Rosli Talif; Ting, Su Hie (1994).
2567:
2402:from the original on Nov 21, 2023.
1828:got (as an emphasis equivalent to
1461:parking garage (US) car park (UK)
1353:Malaysian Certificate of Education
14:
5962:
2634:
2525:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
2377:from the original on Oct 6, 2022.
41:This article has multiple issues.
4113:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
3768:Malay trade and creole languages
2388:Alistair King (8 October 2013).
2363:Lim Chin Lam (14 October 2011).
2137:
2123:
1624:one thousand and one, 1001 (US)
1145:Malaysian English does not have
1086:
1022:Standard English is taught. Its
418:
133:
71:
30:
2723:comparison with British English
2512:
2467:
2451:
1092:Malaysian English is generally
144:needs additional citations for
49:or discuss these issues on the
5865:English-based creole languages
2643:, English Language Development
2605:– Abstract in Malay available.
2446:Azirah Hashim & Tan (2012)
2391:"Just don't call it Manglish!"
2381:
2348:Azirah Hashim & Tan (2012)
2314:
2309:Azirah Hashim & Tan (2012)
2201:
2180:
1953:namely The Malaysian Reserve,
1754:Particles in Malaysian English
1507:medium-cost apartment or flat
1099:Malaysian English has a broad
1:
5905:List of English-based pidgins
4084:Japanese occupation of Malaya
2173:
1775:Example in Malaysian English
1326:
1266:
5900:Linguistic purism in English
4398:State legislative assemblies
4118:Sarawak communist insurgency
1917:-owned TV stations. Most of
1890:
1768:
1684:
1678:
1670:
1657:
1613:30 minutes past six o'clock
1531:
1522:high-cost apartment or flat
1516:
1501:
1486:
1467:
1452:
1436:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1284:, as well as titles such as
939:
7:
5001:London & Thames Estuary
4617:Water supply and sanitation
4143:1997 Asian financial crisis
2116:
1492:low-cost apartment or flat
1446:American / British meaning
1366:words. For instance, both "
1187:The 'l' is generally clear.
1030:
1002:
850:List of dialects of English
97:the claims made and adding
16:National dialect of English
10:
5967:
5860:English as a lingua franca
4180:Cities, towns and villages
4138:1988 constitutional crisis
1823:I've just eaten a burger.
1674:(often abbreviated to HP)
1653:Singapore Standard English
1224:
1017:, informal spoken form of
1006:
920:) (similar and related to
914:Malaysian Standard English
556:English as a lingua franca
18:
5840:Broad and general accents
5822:
5775:
5750:regional and occupational
5730:
5717:
5710:
5622:
5583:
5531:
5509:
5449:
5381:
5246:
5235:
5180:
5162:
5135:
5107:
5070:
5047:
4986:
4948:
4871:
4862:
4851:
4842:
4750:
4703:
4630:
4520:
4511:
4419:
4410:
4308:
4299:
4170:
4161:
4044:
3986:
3961:
3938:
3929:
3874:comparison with Malaysian
3824:
3798:
3743:
3723:
3685:
3620:
3553:
3429:
3420:
3036:
2841:
2825:
2811:
2737:
2696:
2647:Manglish: For and Against
2463:. 1912. pp. 46, 135.
2422:. Brill. pp. 12–13.
2248:Sung & Spolsky (2015)
2222:10.1017/S0266078400000857
1870:
1793:Do you want to hang out?
1774:
1771:
1660:
1495:apartment (US) flat (UK)
1442:
1439:
477:
465:
449:
437:
432:
408:
403:
347:
266:
256:
251:
4670:Malay ethnic nationalism
4128:Second Malayan Emergency
3993:Nearly extinct languages
2641:British Council Malaysia
2460:Malay English Vocabulary
1786:Do you want to hang out
19:Not to be confused with
3946:Malaysian Sign Language
2653:Common English Mistakes
1979:commercial broadcasting
1843:pay the bills or not?"
1360:colonisation by Britain
1013:Manglish refers to the
510:Part of a series on the
318:Southeast Asian English
5018:Received Pronunciation
4469:Science and technology
3974:Selangor Sign Language
3093:Bruneian/Kedayan Malay
2898:Kelantan-Pattani Malay
2627:10.1075/eww.31.2.03tan
1973:. There are also many
798:San Andrés–Providencia
530:English-speaking world
479:This article contains
5951:Languages of Malaysia
5212:Multicultural Toronto
4123:Singapore in Malaysia
3213:Kota Marudu Talantang
2943:Negeri Sembilan Malay
2690:Languages of Malaysia
2327:. Brill. p. 13.
2104:television programmes
2064:Berita RTM (RTM News)
1832:, instead of meaning
1286:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1218:long and short vowels
912:), formally known as
628:Antiguan and Barbudan
5373:Western Pennsylvania
4499:World Bank Relations
4237:World Heritage Sites
4215:environmental issues
4098:Federation of Malaya
3969:Penang Sign Language
3951:Manually Coded Malay
2366:"Primer on Manglish"
1857:you pay the bills?"
1720:sick note, aegrotat
1584:to repair something
1336:after independence,
535:As a second language
380:Early Modern English
153:improve this article
5946:Dialects of English
5910:Mid-Atlantic accent
5501:Trinidad and Tobago
4267:Peninsular Malaysia
3452:Malaysian Cantonese
3208:Klias River Kadazan
2286:10.5402/2012/138928
2250:, pp. 208–209.
2040:television stations
2018:television stations
2010:Peninsular Malaysia
1947:business newspapers
1808:I've eaten dinner.
1664:British / American
1596:to have or possess
928:used and spoken in
410:Recognised minority
355:Proto-Indo-European
168:"Malaysian English"
5433:Pennsylvania Dutch
4587:Malaysian diaspora
4479:Telecommunications
4108:Malaysia Agreement
4064:Portuguese Malacca
3799:Mixed & Others
3541:Malaysian Mandarin
2615:English World-Wide
2014:television station
1443:Malaysian meaning
1076:consonant clusters
82:possibly contains
5933:
5932:
5818:
5817:
5618:
5617:
5527:
5526:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5366:Pacific Northwest
5227:Standard Canadian
5158:
5157:
5103:
5102:
5043:
5042:
4793:
4792:
4746:
4745:
4572:Income inequality
4567:Human trafficking
4507:
4506:
4406:
4405:
4388:Political parties
4333:Foreign relations
4295:
4294:
4103:Malayan Emergency
4000:
3999:
3990:Extinct languages
3982:
3981:
3739:
3738:
3416:
3415:
3248:Mainstream Kenyah
2733:
2732:
2448:, pp. 62–65.
2311:, pp. 57–59.
2153:Singapore English
1967:New Straits Times
1868:
1867:
1740:
1739:
1725:bank in (cheque)
1643:
1642:
1478:Photostat machine
1072:dental fricatives
906:Malaysian English
903:
902:
576:Linguistic purism
561:European language
505:
504:
487:rendering support
483:phonetic symbols.
323:Malaysian English
252:Malaysian English
247:
246:
239:
229:
228:
221:
203:
127:
126:
119:
84:original research
64:
5958:
5830:English language
5715:
5714:
5536:
5535:
5519:Falkland Islands
5418:General American
5391:African-American
5244:
5243:
5178:
5177:
5167:
5166:
4869:
4868:
4860:
4859:
4849:
4848:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4797:
4796:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4518:
4517:
4454:
4417:
4416:
4306:
4305:
4168:
4167:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4004:
4003:
3936:
3935:
3536:Mandarin Chinese
3427:
3426:
3023:Terengganu Malay
2823:
2822:
2701:
2700:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2660:
2659:
2630:
2604:
2580:
2563:
2536:
2506:
2505:
2504:on 29 June 2011.
2500:. Archived from
2490:
2484:
2483:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2393:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2368:
2360:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2264:
2251:
2245:
2234:
2233:
2205:
2199:
2184:
2147:
2145:Languages portal
2142:
2141:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2113:and vice versa.
2030:English language
1975:English language
1939:English language
1769:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1672:
1658:
1534:
1533:
1525:commonhold (UK)
1519:
1518:
1504:
1503:
1489:
1488:
1470:
1469:
1455:
1454:
1437:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1364:American English
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1057:Indian languages
1045:American English
924:), is a form of
895:
888:
881:
698:Falkland Islands
516:English language
507:
506:
473:
461:
442:
424:
422:
421:
412:language in
272:
249:
248:
242:
235:
224:
217:
213:
210:
204:
202:
161:
137:
129:
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
99:inline citations
75:
74:
67:
56:
34:
33:
26:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5814:
5771:
5726:
5706:
5614:
5610:Solomon Islands
5579:
5523:
5505:
5437:
5428:New York Latino
5403:American Indian
5383:
5377:
5238:
5231:
5172:
5154:
5140:Channel Islands
5131:
5099:
5066:
5039:
4982:
4944:
4854:
4838:
4824:
4794:
4789:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4742:
4699:
4690:Public holidays
4626:
4607:Sex trafficking
4503:
4452:
4402:
4368:Law enforcement
4291:
4157:
4133:13 May incident
4040:
4031:
4001:
3996:
3978:
3957:
3925:
3820:
3794:
3735:
3719:
3681:
3622:
3616:
3576:Malaysian Tamil
3549:
3422:
3412:
3133:Eastern Kadazan
3113:Coastal Kadazan
3039:
3032:
2844:
2837:
2816:
2807:
2729:
2692:
2687:
2637:
2578:
2570:
2568:Further reading
2560:
2533:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2472:
2468:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2414:
2407:
2386:
2382:
2361:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2319:
2315:
2307:
2294:
2265:
2254:
2246:
2237:
2206:
2202:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2143:
2136:
2131:Malaysia portal
2129:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2106:in Malay carry
2088:Showcase Movies
1906:
1893:
1873:
1816:I eat a burger
1756:
1648:
1610:of low quality
1432:
1333:British English
1329:
1269:
1251:modal auxiliary
1249:is common. The
1247:subject pronoun
1227:
1089:
1066:tend to become
1037:British English
1033:
1011:
1005:
958:British English
942:
922:British English
899:
548:Advanced topics
485:Without proper
471:
457:
438:
428:
419:
417:
413:
411:
404:Official status
399:
350:
343:
273:
270:Language family
268:
243:
232:
231:
230:
225:
214:
208:
205:
162:
160:
150:
138:
123:
112:
106:
103:
88:
76:
72:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5964:
5954:
5953:
5948:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5880:
5872:
5870:Englishisation
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5781:
5779:
5777:Southeast Asia
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5742:
5736:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5718:
5712:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5692:South Atlantic
5689:
5688:
5687:
5682:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5626:
5624:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5590:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5544:
5542:
5533:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5474:Cayman Islands
5471:
5466:
5461:
5455:
5453:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5387:
5385:
5384:ethno-cultural
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5253:
5247:
5241:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5192:
5186:
5184:
5175:
5164:
5160:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5113:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5076:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5053:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5020:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5008:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4976:Stoke-on-Trent
4973:
4968:
4958:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4883:
4877:
4875:
4866:
4857:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4835:Modern English
4823:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4800:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4775:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4474:Stock exchange
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4448:
4446:Federal budget
4443:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4393:Prime Minister
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4318:Shadow Cabinet
4315:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4262:National parks
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4205:climate change
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4081:
4079:British Borneo
4076:
4074:British Malaya
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4030:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4007:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3942:
3940:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3568:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3513:Penang Hokkien
3510:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3433:
3431:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3343:Selungai Murut
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3293:Punan Bah-Biau
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3273:Nonukan Tidong
3270:
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3255:
3250:
3245:
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3193:Keningau Murut
3190:
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2635:External links
2633:
2632:
2631:
2621:(2): 162–189.
2606:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2559:978-9027249029
2558:
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2273:ISRN Education
2252:
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2170:
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2134:
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1982:radio stations
1927:Siti Nurhaliza
1905:
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1704:out of office
1702:
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1607:half-past-six
1604:
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1599:past tense of
1597:
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1463:
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1459:
1458:parking space
1456:
1448:
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1444:
1441:
1440:Word / Phrase
1431:
1428:
1420:" instead of "
1408:" instead of "
1396:" instead of "
1328:
1325:
1268:
1265:
1243:object pronoun
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1143:
1138:in words like
1129:
1114:
1109:, rather than
1097:
1088:
1085:
1074:and the final
1041:British Empire
1032:
1029:
1007:Main article:
1004:
1001:
941:
938:
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823:South Atlantic
820:
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566:Modern English
563:
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489:, you may see
475:
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433:Language codes
430:
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385:Modern English
375:Middle English
360:Proto-Germanic
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227:
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141:
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125:
124:
79:
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70:
65:
39:
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29:
15:
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2:
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5570:Torres Strait
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5306:
5305:North-Central
5303:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5289:
5286:
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5284:
5283:New York City
5281:
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5274:
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5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5242:
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5234:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5217:Ottawa Valley
5215:
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5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
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5046:
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5026:
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5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5011:Multicultural
5009:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4971:Black Country
4969:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4961:West Midlands
4959:
4957:
4956:East Midlands
4954:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
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4899:
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4888:
4887:
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4879:
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4867:
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4861:
4858:
4856:
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4847:
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4841:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4821:
4816:
4814:
4809:
4807:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4753:
4749:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
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4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4550:Ethnic groups
4548:
4546:
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4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:States by GDP
4457:
4455:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4242:Hill stations
4240:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4220:deforestation
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4195:East Malaysia
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:Malayan Union
4091:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4069:Dutch Malacca
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4028:
4023:
4021:
4016:
4014:
4009:
4008:
4005:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3859:East Timorese
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
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3754:
3751:
3750:
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3742:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
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3650:
3646:
3643:
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3641:
3638:
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3633:
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3628:
3627:
3625:
3619:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3590:Indo-European
3588:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:
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3538:
3537:
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3526:
3523:
3522:
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3509:
3506:
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3500:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3477:
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3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3453:
3450:
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3448:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3419:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3328:Sarawak Malay
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:Brunei Bisaya
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:Southern Thai
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
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2971:
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2958:Orang Seletar
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2790:
2787:
2785:
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2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2764:North Bornean
2762:
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2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2747:Austroasiatic
2745:
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2724:
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2532:9781443872928
2528:
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2429:9789004314306
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2359:
2357:
2350:, p. 56.
2349:
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2334:9789004314306
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2259:
2257:
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2240:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2210:English Today
2204:
2198:
2197:981-3018-52-6
2194:
2190:
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2183:
2179:
2169:
2166:
2164:
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2159:
2156:
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2146:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2121:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2100:Astro Arena 2
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1901:
1898:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1864:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1801:I eat dinner
1800:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:Menteri Besar
1735:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1700:
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1676:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1618:thousand one
1617:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1577:
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1561:
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1550:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1499:
1498:
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1484:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1450:
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1445:
1438:
1435:
1427:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
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1287:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1219:
1215:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1179:East Midlands
1176:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1087:Pronunciation
1084:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1000:
997:
993:
988:
986:
982:
978:
973:
971:
967:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
896:
891:
889:
884:
882:
877:
876:
874:
873:
868:
865:
864:
863:
862:
858:
857:
852:
851:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
818:South African
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
609:
608:
604:
603:
597:
593:
590:
589:
588:
587:
583:
582:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
552:
551:
547:
546:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
525:
521:
520:
517:
514:
513:
509:
508:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
482:
476:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
454:
453:
448:
444:
441:
436:
431:
427:
415:
407:
402:
386:
383:
382:
381:
378:
377:
376:
373:
372:
371:
368:
367:
366:
365:Proto-English
363:
362:
361:
358:
357:
356:
352:
346:
324:
321:
320:
319:
316:
315:
314:
313:Asian English
311:
310:
309:
306:
305:
304:
301:
300:
299:
298:Anglo-Frisian
296:
295:
294:
291:
290:
289:
288:West Germanic
286:
285:
284:
281:
280:
279:
278:Indo-European
275:
271:
265:
262:
259:
255:
250:
241:
238:
223:
220:
212:
201:
198:
194:
191:
187:
184:
180:
177:
173:
170: –
169:
165:
164:Find sources:
158:
154:
148:
147:
142:This article
140:
136:
131:
130:
121:
118:
110:
100:
96:
92:
86:
85:
80:This article
78:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
5789:
5675:South Africa
5670:Sierra Leone
5423:Miami Latino
5312:Philadelphia
5300:Inland North
5205:Newfoundland
5023:West Country
4837:by continent
4771:Bibliography
4737:Rukun Negara
4735:
4645:Architecture
4597:Prostitution
4540:Demographics
4434:Central bank
4348:Human rights
4323:Constitution
4210:conservation
4148:1MDB scandal
3778:Chetty Malay
3520:Chaoshan Min
3498:Southern Min
3437:Sino-Tibetan
3318:Sabah Bisaya
3198:Kinabatangan
3103:Bukar–Sadong
2963:Pahang Malay
2759:Austronesian
2717:
2618:
2614:
2588:
2582:
2549:
2545:
2521:
2513:Bibliography
2502:the original
2497:
2488:
2479:
2469:
2459:
2453:
2418:
2395:
2383:
2370:
2343:
2323:
2316:
2276:
2272:
2216:(1): 27–32.
2213:
2209:
2203:
2186:
2182:
2163:Bahasa Rojak
2044:Kuala Lumpur
1986:Kuala Lumpur
1951:Kuala Lumpur
1924:
1907:
1894:
1874:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1829:
1817:
1802:
1787:
1757:
1747:
1741:
1736:stockbroker
1679:mobile phone
1649:
1600:
1590:
1453:the car park
1433:
1357:
1330:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1299:
1293:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1255:
1228:
1139:
1133:
1131:There is no
1126:glottal stop
1101:
1080:vowel length
1068:monophthongs
1061:
1034:
1012:
989:
974:
962:
943:
917:
913:
909:
905:
904:
847:
808:Sierra Leone
752:
478:
450:
322:
233:
215:
209:January 2018
206:
196:
189:
182:
175:
163:
151:Please help
146:verification
143:
113:
104:
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
5800:Philippines
5593:New Zealand
5479:Bay Islands
5459:The Bahamas
5382:Social and
5339:New Orleans
5256:New England
5150:Isle of Man
5095:Port Talbot
4996:East Anglia
4913:Northumbria
4424:Agriculture
4282:Earthquakes
4200:Environment
4059:Prehistoric
3788:Sabah Malay
3783:Cocos Malay
3672:Minangkabau
3623:archipelago
3493:Pu-Xian Min
3471:Eastern Min
3421:Significant
3263:Murik Kayan
2973:Reman Malay
2968:Perak Malay
2953:Orang Kanaq
2893:Kedah Malay
2888:Judeo-Malay
2769:Kayan–Murik
2096:Astro Arena
2092:Astro Awani
2076:DidikTV KPM
2037:terrestrial
2034:free-to-air
2032:nationwide
1915:Media Prima
1701:outstation
1688:(American)
1682:(British),
1634:Trip switch
1629:power trip
1517:condominium
1175:East Anglia
996:code-switch
778:New Zealand
673:Cameroonian
648:Bay Islands
643:Bangladeshi
493:instead of
370:Old English
349:Early forms
5940:Categories
5740:Bangladesh
5732:South Asia
5685:Cape Flats
5635:The Gambia
5560:Aboriginal
5396:vernacular
5361:California
5334:High Tider
5329:Appalachia
5190:Aboriginal
5122:South-West
4966:Birmingham
4923:Sunderland
4908:Manchester
4898:Lancashire
4665:Literature
4560:Healthcare
4535:Corruption
4453:(currency)
4383:Parliament
4378:Monarchies
4353:Censorship
4338:Government
3921:Vietnamese
3911:Sri Lankan
3869:Indonesian
3826:Immigrants
3773:Baba Malay
3693:Philippine
3686:Philippine
3667:Mandailing
3621:Indonesian
3408:Umaʼ Lasan
3298:Punan Batu
3243:Lun Bawang
2988:Semaq Beri
2843:Peninsular
2826:Nationwide
2818:Indigenous
2789:Sama–Bajaw
2784:Philippine
2774:Land Dayak
2480:NST Online
2174:References
2068:Bernama TV
1971:Malay Mail
1685:cell phone
1661:Malaysian
1589:got (from
1510:flat (UK)
1327:Word usage
1275:bumiputera
1267:Vocabulary
1239:mass nouns
1094:non-rhotic
1064:diphthongs
1015:colloquial
848:see also:
843:Zimbabwean
828:Sri Lankan
793:Philippine
633:Australian
618:Anguillian
293:Ingvaeonic
179:newspapers
91:improve it
46:improve it
5805:Singapore
5767:Sri Lanka
5722:Hong Kong
5548:variation
5540:Australia
5451:Caribbean
5317:Baltimore
5200:Lunenburg
5145:Gibraltar
5062:Highlands
4940:Yorkshire
4903:Liverpool
4612:Squatting
4577:Languages
4545:Education
4489:Transport
4358:Judiciary
4328:Elections
4287:Volcanoes
4257:Mountains
4190:Divisions
4185:Districts
4163:Geography
3962:By states
3816:Esperanto
3753:Chavacano
3566:Malayalam
3561:Dravidian
3488:Hainanese
3447:Cantonese
3383:Tombonuwo
3348:Sembakung
3168:Kalabakan
3118:Daro-Matu
2858:Cheq Wong
2796:Tai-Kadai
2713:Malaysian
2601:0128-7702
2595:: 69–76.
2230:145377082
2111:subtitles
2084:PRIMEtime
2060:Sukan RTM
2042:based in
1984:based in
1977:national
1949:based in
1941:national
1919:Malaysian
1891:Phonology
1772:Particle
1733:remisier
1696:payphone
1671:handphone
1532:to follow
1502:apartment
1468:photostat
1309:tidak apa
1257:Particles
1235:countable
1136:-dropping
1039:when the
992:continuum
940:Varieties
813:Singapore
788:Pakistani
753:Malaysian
683:Caribbean
658:Bermudian
623:Antarctic
592:Phonology
584:Phonology
571:Loanwords
452:Glottolog
440:ISO 639-3
107:July 2007
95:verifying
52:talk page
5925:Standard
5895:Learning
5883:Nerrière
5874:Globish
5790:Malaysia
5762:Pakistan
5702:Zimbabwe
5630:Cameroon
5464:Barbados
5195:Atlantic
5163:Americas
5080:Abercraf
5049:Scotland
5028:Cornwall
4949:Midlands
4933:Teesside
4928:Tyneside
4918:Pitmatic
4881:Cheshire
4827:Dialects
4780:Category
4660:Folklore
4602:Religion
4525:Abortion
4451:Ringgit
4373:Military
4301:Politics
4225:wildlife
4054:Timeline
4038:articles
4034:Malaysia
3901:Nepalese
3886:Japanese
3864:Filipino
3811:Tanglish
3763:Manglish
3758:Kristang
3657:Javanese
3652:Buginese
3640:Madurese
3630:Acehnese
3595:Gujarati
3423:minority
3393:Tringgus
3358:Serudung
3188:Kendayan
3158:Jangkang
3040:Malaysia
2928:Mah Meri
2918:Kristang
2845:Malaysia
2739:Families
2705:Official
2400:Archived
2396:The Star
2375:Archived
2371:The Star
2279:: 1–14.
2117:See also
2046:such as
1990:TraXX FM
1988:such as
1959:The Star
1955:The Edge
1935:Reshmonu
1911:Manglish
1818:just now
1798:already
1591:have got
1545:to send
1375:elevator
1261:enclitic
1231:articles
1177:and the
1171:/ˈdjuːn/
1167:/ˈtjuːn/
1031:Features
1009:Manglish
1003:Manglish
985:Manglish
954:basilect
950:mesolect
946:acrolect
934:Manglish
930:Malaysia
859:Teaching
803:Scottish
783:Nigerian
768:Namibian
748:Malawian
743:Liberian
733:Jamaican
718:Gustavia
713:Ghanaian
678:Canadian
653:Belizean
613:American
605:Dialects
499:Help:IPA
459:mala1551
426:Malaysia
283:Germanic
261:Malaysia
21:Manglish
5855:Engrish
5850:E-Prime
5823:Related
5810:Vietnam
5795:Myanmar
5665:Nigeria
5660:Namibia
5650:Liberia
5532:Oceania
5514:Bermuda
5486:Jamaica
5413:Chicano
5251:Midland
5237:United
5173:America
5109:Ireland
5085:Cardiff
5057:Glasgow
5006:Cockney
4886:Cumbria
4864:England
4855:Britain
4831:accents
4757:Outline
4704:Symbols
4655:Cuisine
4632:Culture
4592:Poverty
4513:Society
4484:Tourism
4412:Economy
4313:Cabinet
4247:Islands
4175:Borders
4046:History
3881:Persian
3849:Burmese
3844:Bengali
3834:African
3745:Creoles
3703:Maranao
3662:Kerinci
3605:Punjabi
3525:Teochew
3503:Hokkien
3430:Chinese
3378:Timugon
3338:Sekapan
3258:Momogun
3253:Melanau
3233:Lengilu
3223:Lahanan
3183:Kelabit
3173:Kanowit
3163:Kajaman
3108:Bukitan
3078:Bintulu
3068:Berawan
2993:Semelai
2903:Kenaboi
2868:Jah Hut
2813:Natives
2779:Malayic
2718:English
2108:English
2056:TV Okey
2026:English
1963:The Sun
1803:already
1783:or not
1760:Chinese
1750:Besar.
1578:to fix
1414:" and "
1378:" and "
1349:O-Level
1295:ang pow
1281:kampong
1245:or the
1225:Grammar
1163:/ˈnjuː/
1122:flapped
1053:Chinese
966:grammar
926:English
833:Ugandan
763:Myanmar
708:Gambian
693:England
688:Cornish
663:British
596:History
540:History
495:Unicode
308:English
193:scholar
89:Please
5878:Gogate
5785:Brunei
5697:Uganda
5680:accent
5655:Malawi
5623:Africa
5598:accent
5553:accent
5496:Samaná
5469:Bequia
5288:accent
5261:Boston
5239:States
5222:Quebec
5182:Canada
5171:North
5127:Ulster
5117:Dublin
5033:Dorset
4891:Barrow
4853:Great
4844:Europe
4785:Portal
4731:Flower
4721:Emblem
4716:Anthem
4711:Animal
4650:Cinema
4555:Health
4494:Unions
4441:Energy
4277:States
4272:Rivers
4230:plants
4088:Borneo
4036:
3891:Korean
3839:Arabic
3724:Others
3708:Molbog
3698:Iranun
3645:Bawean
3635:Banjar
3583:Telugu
3554:Indian
3481:Fuzhou
3476:Fuqing
3368:Sungai
3313:Sa'ban
3283:Paluan
3278:Okolod
3218:Kuijau
3148:Ida'an
3123:Dumpas
3088:Bookan
3083:Bonggi
3073:Biatah
3063:Belait
3018:Temuan
3008:Temiar
2998:Semnam
2938:Mintil
2933:Minriq
2913:Kintaq
2908:Kensiu
2863:Duanoʼ
2752:Aslian
2599:
2556:
2529:
2426:
2331:
2228:
2195:
2006:Fly FM
1897:accent
1871:Syntax
1863:pay!"
1849:pay!"
1788:or not
1417:diaper
1399:crisps
1321:alamak
1211:/wəːl/
1209:) and
1207:/hoʊl/
1203:/həʊl/
1199:/koʊl/
1195:/kəʊl/
1169:, and
1157:, and
1149:after
1019:pidgin
981:creole
977:pidgin
970:syntax
773:Nepali
738:Kenyan
723:Indian
703:Fijian
668:Brunei
522:Topics
423:
303:Anglic
257:Region
195:
188:
181:
174:
166:
5920:Plain
5835:Basic
5757:Nepal
5745:India
5645:Kenya
5640:Ghana
5605:Palau
5565:South
5408:Cajun
5349:Texas
5344:Older
5324:South
5295:North
5271:Maine
5090:Gower
5072:Wales
4988:South
4873:North
4764:Index
4695:Sport
4685:Names
4680:Music
4675:Media
4622:Women
4530:Crime
4429:Banks
4252:Lakes
3931:Signs
3854:Khmer
3806:Rojak
3713:Suluk
3600:Hindi
3571:Tamil
3461:Hakka
3398:Tutoh
3388:Tring
3373:Tagol
3333:Sebop
3308:Remun
3303:Penan
3288:Papar
3268:Narom
3238:Lotud
3228:Lelak
3203:Kiput
3178:Kayan
3153:Jagoi
3138:Ganaʼ
3128:Dusun
3058:Bajau
3053:Bahau
3028:Wila'
3013:Temoq
2983:Semai
2978:Sabüm
2923:Lanoh
2883:Jedek
2878:Jakun
2873:Jahai
2853:Batek
2833:Malay
2815:&
2591:(1).
2579:(PDF)
2226:S2CID
2022:Malay
1943:daily
1839:"You
1764:Malay
1567:keep
1556:blur
1423:nappy
1411:chips
1405:fries
1393:chips
1387:truck
1381:lorry
1338:Malay
1301:dhoti
1290:Tunku
1049:Malay
1024:lexis
838:Welsh
728:Irish
638:Bajan
472:en-MY
200:JSTOR
186:books
5711:Asia
5588:Fiji
5575:West
5491:Saba
5356:West
5276:West
5266:East
4829:and
4726:Flag
4582:LGBT
4343:King
3939:Main
3916:Thai
3906:Urdu
3731:Cham
3677:Rawa
3610:Urdu
3403:Ukit
3363:Sian
3353:Seru
3323:Sama
3143:Iban
3048:Abai
3038:East
2697:Main
2597:ISSN
2554:ISBN
2527:ISBN
2424:ISBN
2329:ISBN
2277:2012
2193:ISBN
2098:and
2080:NTV7
2004:and
1994:Hitz
1969:and
1945:and
1933:and
1931:Yuna
1834:have
1762:and
1487:flat
1402:", "
1369:lift
1317:hulu
1315:(or
1288:and
1237:and
1216:The
1140:head
1116:The
968:and
952:and
918:MySE
758:Manx
467:IETF
172:news
4833:of
4640:Art
4363:Law
3896:Lao
3466:Min
3442:Yue
2948:Mos
2801:Tai
2623:doi
2281:doi
2218:doi
2082:),
2072:TV3
2052:TV2
2048:TV1
2028:).
2024:or
1998:Mix
1861:did
1859:"I
1855:Did
1847:got
1845:"I
1841:got
1601:get
1426:".
1346:GCE
1313:ulu
1298:or
1201:),
1159:/d/
1155:/t/
1151:/n/
1118:/t/
1111:/æ/
1107:/ɛ/
979:or
910:MyE
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1992:,
1965:,
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