Arab world - Knowledge

3896: 2863: 2496: 2205: 3618: 3726: 419: 3031: 36: 607: 4098:. Many African states did not attain independence until the 1960s from France after bloody insurgencies for their freedom. These struggles were settled by the imperial powers approving the form of independence given, so as a consequence almost all of these borders have remained. Some of these borders were agreed upon without consultation of those individuals that had served the colonial interests of Britain or France. One such agreement solely between Britain and France (to the exclusion of Sherif Hussein ibn Ali), signed in total secrecy until 1641: 336: 2702: 2598: 1724:, various parameters may be applied to determine whether a state or territory should be included in this alternative definition of the Arab world. These parameters may be applied to the states and territories of the Arab League (which constitute the Arab world under the standard definition) and to other states and territories. Typical parameters that may be applied include: whether Arabic is widely spoken; whether Arabic is an official or national language; or whether an Arabic cognate language is widely spoken. 4807: 3439: 1957: 1728: 4158: 3592: 7231: 4513: 574: 530: 2624: 1484: 284: 2780: 4717:(called "Morocco Espanol"), along the otherwise Moroccan coast. Overall this wave has ebbed, though like the Arab expansion north it has left its mark. The proximity of North Africa to Europe has always encouraged interaction, and this continues with Arab immigration to Europe and European interest in the Arab countries today. However, population centers and the physical fact of the sea keeps this boundary of the Arab World settled on the Mediterranean coastline. 1083: 365: 8482: 7616: 1335: 435: 219: 4226: 2421:, film production was scarce until the late 1960s and early 1970s when filmmakers began to receive funding and financial assistance from state organizations. This was during the post-independence and is when most Arab cinema took root. Most films produced at that time were funded by the state and contained a nationalistic dimension. These films helped to advance certain social causes such as independence, and other social, economic and political agendas. 1426: 258: 2650: 2806: 2754: 1120: 585: 563: 378: 2728: 3375: 1612: 1054: 552: 323: 128: 1513: 1364: 1273: 1021: 391: 232: 193: 115: 4342: 1244: 1215: 180: 167: 596: 541: 508: 1550: 297: 1670: 1583: 1455: 1302: 1153: 349: 310: 271: 206: 141: 519: 1397: 245: 4280: 1992: 1182: 154: 4194:, comprising the states in the Persian Gulf, and the Union of the Arab Maghreb (UMA), made up of North African States. The GCC has achieved some success in financial and monetary terms, including plans to establish a common currency in the Persian Gulf region. Since its foundation in 1989, the UMA's most significant accomplishment has been the establishment of a 7,000 km highway crossing North Africa from 3702: 2832: 2275: 3184: 2676: 3663:: five Persian Gulf states, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the UAE, Kuwait, and Qatar, are among the top ten petroleum or gas exporters worldwide. In Africa, Algeria (10th world) and Libya are important gas exporters. Bahrain, Egypt, Tunisia, and Sudan all have smaller but significant reserves. Where present, these have had significant effects on regional politics, often enabling 3667:, leading to economic disparities between oil-rich and oil-poor countries, and, particularly in the more sparsely populated states of the Persian Gulf and Libya, triggering extensive labor immigration. It is believed that the Arab world holds approximately 46% of the world's total proven oil reserves and a quarter of the world's natural-gas reserves. 3504:

Morocco. In 1979, Mauritania withdrew from the conflict after signing a peace treaty with the Polisario. The war continued in low intensity throughout the 1980s, though Morocco made several attempts to take the upper hand in 1989–1991. A cease-fire agreement was finally reached between the Polisario Front and Morocco in September 1991.

3454:(also known as the First Gulf War and by various other names) was an armed conflict between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran, lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the second longest conventional war of the 20th century. It was initially referred to in English as the "Gulf War" prior to the "Gulf War" of 1990. 4756:

Southeast along the coast from Djibouti is Somalia, but the Somali coast soon makes a 90-degree turn and heads northeast, mirroring a bend in the coast of Yemen across the water to the north and defining the south coast of the Gulf of Aden. The Somali coast then takes a hairpin turn back southwest to

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was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities. Another one million people (a quarter of the population) were wounded, and today approximately 76,000 people remain displaced within Lebanon. There was also a mass exodus of almost one

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The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, launching a simultaneous invasion by air and land into Iranian territory on 22 September 1980 following a long history of border disputes, and fears of Shia Islam insurgency among Iraq's long-suppressed Shia majority influenced by the Iranian Revolution. Iraq was

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movies theaters. Apart from the history of Arab cinema, recently the portrayal of women became an important aspect in the production of Arab cinema. Arab women shaped a great portion of the film industry in the Arab world by employing their cinematic talents in improving the production of Arab films.

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The borders, which if you look on the maps of the middle-east are very straight lines, were drawn by British and French draftsmen who sat with maps and drew the lines of the frontiers with rulers. If the ruler for some reason or other moved on the map, because of some person's hand shaking, then the

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was fought in North Yemen between royalists of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen and factions of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1962 to 1970. The war began with a coup d'état carried out by the republican leader, Abdullah as-Sallal, which dethroned the newly crowned Imam al-Badr and declared Yemen a

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Rapists are often treated leniently or acquitted in the Arab region if they marry their victims. 37% of Arab women experienced violence in their lifetime, but the numbers may be higher according to indicators. In some countries, the share of women experiencing violence and abuse by intimate partner

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While Egyptian and Lebanese cinema have a long history of production, most other Arab countries did not witness film production until after independence, and even today, the majority of film production in countries like Bahrain, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and the United Arab Emirates is limited to

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Frishkopf: 61: "No universally accepted definition of 'the Arab world' exists, but it is generally assumed to include the twenty-two countries belonging to the Arab League that have a combined population of about 280 million (Seib 2005, 604). For the purposes of this introduction, this territorial

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Overall, the gender disparity in adult literacy is high in this region, and of the illiteracy rate, women account for two-thirds, with only 69 literate women for every 100 literate men. The average GPI (Gender Parity Index) for adult literacy is 0.72, and gender disparity can be observed in Egypt,

3923:. With the exception of Lebanon, Tunisia, Iraq, Palestine, and recently Mauritania, democratic elections throughout the Arab World are generally viewed as compromised, due to outright vote rigging, intimidation of opposition parties, and severe restraints on civil liberties and political dissent. 2377:

since it includes films from various countries and cultures of the Arab world and therefore does not have one form, structure, or style. In its inception, Arab cinema was mostly an imitation of Western cinema. However, it has and continues to constantly change and evolve. It mostly includes films

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Arab cinema has explored many topics from politics, colonialism, tradition, modernity and social taboos. It has also attempted to escape from its earlier tendency to mimic and rely on Western film devices. In fact, colonization did not only influence Arab films, but it also had an impact on Arab

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The Arab states are mostly, although not exclusively, developing economies and derive their export revenues from oil and gas, or the sale of other raw materials. Recent years have seen significant economic growth in the Arab World, due largely to an increase in oil and gas prices, which tripled

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While at first met with just minor resistance by the Polisario, Morocco later engaged a long period of guerilla warfare with the Sahrawi nationalists. During the late 1970s, the Polisario Front, desiring to establish an independent state in the territory, successively fought both Mauritania and

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was an armed struggle between the Sahrawi Polisario Front and Morocco between 1975 and 1991, being the most significant phase of the Western Sahara conflict. The conflict erupted after the withdrawal of Spain from the Spanish Sahara in accordance with the Madrid Accords, by which it transferred

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Various factions began competing for influence in the power vacuum that followed, which precipitated an aborted UN peacekeeping attempt in the mid-1990s. A period of decentralization ensued, characterized by a return to customary and religious law in many areas as well as the establishment of

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As an alternative to, or in combination with, the standard territorial definition, the Arab world may be defined as consisting of peoples and states united to at least some degree by Arabic language, culture or geographic contiguity, or those states or territories in which the majority of the

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in Arabia but on average just 150 kilometers wide. Though the sea is navigable along its length, historically much contact between Arab Africa and Arab West Asia has been either overland across the Sinai or by sea across the Mediterranean or the narrow Bab al Mendeb strait. From northwest to

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of Syria. The diverse Arab states generally maintained close ties but distinct national identities developed and strengthened with the social, historical and political realities of the past 60 years. This has made the idea of a pan-Arab nation-state increasingly less feasible and likely.

4674:, which has been a point of contact with Europe since its founding in the first millennium BCE; both Sicily and Malta at times have been part of the Arab World. Just across the Strait of Gibraltar from Morocco, regions of the Iberian peninsula were part of the Arab World throughout the 4634:

to the north. East along the coast from Morocco are Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, followed by Egypt, which forms the region's, and the continent's, northeastern corner. The coast turns briefly but sharply south at Tunisia, slopes more gently southeastward through the Libyan capital of

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administrative control of the territory to Morocco and Mauritania, but not the sovereignty. In 1975, Moroccan government organized the Green March of some 350,000 Moroccan citizens, escorted by around 20,000 troops, who entered Western Sahara, trying to establish Moroccan presence.

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between 2001 and 2006, but also due to efforts by some states to diversify their economic base. Industrial production has risen, for example the amount of steel produced between 2004 and 2005 rose from 8.4 to 19 million tonnes. (Source: Opening speech of Mahmoud Khoudri,

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all recognize Arabic as an official or working language, but none of them is a member-state of the Arab League, although both Chad and Eritrea are observer states of the League (with possible future membership) and have large populations of Arabic speakers.

4183:'s Industry Minister, at the 37th General Assembly of the Iron & Steel Arab Union, Algiers, May 2006). However even 19 million tons pa still only represents 1.7% of global steel production, and remains inferior to the production of countries like 4565:(excluding Cyprus and Israel), most of Mesopotamia (excluding parts of Turkey and Iran) and the Persian Gulf region. The peninsula is roughly a tilted rectangle that leans back against the slope of northeast Africa, the long axis pointing toward 4974:

definition is combined with a linguistic one (use of the Arabic language, or its recognition as critical to identity), and thereby extended into multiple diasporas, especially the Americas, Europe, Southeast Asia, West Africa, and Australia."

3462:, 1979) and attacked without formal warning, they made only limited progress into Iran and were quickly repelled by the Iranians who regained virtually all lost territory by June 1982. For the next six years, Iran was on the offensive. 4265:

The total GDP of all Arab countries in 1999 was US$ 531.2 billion. The total Arab world GDP was estimated to be worth at least $ 2.8 trillion in 2011. This is only smaller than the GDP of the US, China, Japan and Germany.

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The term "Arab" often connotes the Arabian Peninsula, but the larger (and more populous) part of the Arab World is North Africa. Its eight million square kilometers include two of the largest countries of the African continent,

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record a high adult literacy rate of over 95%. The average rate of adult literacy shows steady improvement, and the absolute number of adult illiterates fell from 64 million to around 58 million between 1990 and 2000–2004.

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Without that imperial carve-up, Iraq would not be in the state it is in today...Gertrude Bell was one of two or three Britons who were instrumental in the creation of the Arab states in the Middle East that were favourable to

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in 2002, 2003 and 2004. These reports, written by researchers from the Arab world, address some sensitive issues in the development of Arab countries: women empowerment, availability of education and information among others.

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allies for control of the region. In 2011, a coordinated military operation between the Somali military and multinational forces began, which is believed to represent one of the final stages in the war's Islamist insurgency.

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Every Arab country borders a sea or ocean, with the exception of the Arab region of northern Chad, which is completely landlocked. Iraq is actually nearly landlocked, as it has only a very narrow access to the Persian Gulf.

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began to form a third force besides the classical dichotomy of Pan-Arabism vs. Pan-Islamism that had dominated the second half of the 20th century. These citizens wish for reform in their country's religious institutions.

4075:. The modern borders of Egypt, therefore, are not a creation of European powers, and are at least in part based on historically definable entities which are in turn based on certain cultural and ethnic identifications. 3825:

resulted in strained relations between many of the Arab states. After the war, a so-called "Damascus Declaration" formalized an alliance for future joint Arab defensive actions between Egypt, Syria, and the GCC states.

7442: 4611:(13–22°W). Nouakchott is the westernmost capital of the Arab World and the third-westernmost in Africa, and sits on the Atlantic fringe of the southwestern Sahara. Next south along the coast from Mauritania is 856:(Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria and Turkey), Egypt and the Maghreb (Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Western Sahara Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) to be part of the Arab regions. 4134:

who drew the map between Iraq and Jordan, using transparent paper. She turned to talk to somebody and as she was turning the paper moved and the ruler moved and that added considerable territory to the (new)

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was another strong force in the region which peaked during the mid-20th century and was professed by many leaders in Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Syria, and Iraq. Arab Nationalist leaders of this period included

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of $ 2.85 trillion, as of 2021. The region is nevertheless diverse in many ways, and economically includes some of the wealthiest as well as poorest populations. The region mostly corresponds with the

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A chain of events leading to the destabilization of the authoritarian regimes established during the 1950s throughout the Arab world became apparent during the early years of the 21st century. The

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Worldwide, they number 1 million or so, with about 45 to 50 percent in Syria, 35 to 40 percent in Lebanon, and less than 10 percent in Israel. Recently there has been a growing Druze diaspora.

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Arab North Africa comprises the entire northern third of the continent. It is surrounded by water on three sides (west, north, and east) and desert or desert scrubland on the fourth (south).

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autonomous regional governments in the northern part of the country. The early 2000s saw the creation of fledgling interim federal administrations, culminating in the establishment of the

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to its north, Tunisia marks the junction of western and eastern Mediterranean, and a cultural transition as well: west of Egypt begins the region of the Arab World known as the

1749:, although Arabic is not as widely spoken there. As members of the Arab League, however, they are considered part of the Arab world under the standard territorial definition. 1771:

language family. Although Arabic is widely spoken by many people in the north and urban areas in the south, Somali is the most widely used language, and contains many Arabic

4509:, and also leaving non-Arab minorities in Arab countries. However, the basic geography of sea, desert and mountain provides the enduring natural boundaries for this region. 812:. The Arab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of Arab people and especially to pursue the political unification of the Arab countries; a project known as 7151:(31 January 2014). "A look at recent (2013) international survey data about Arab opinion", Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 17, No. 3 (Fall 2013), 57–74. 6558: 1923:

are used as lingua franca. Various indigenous languages are also spoken, which predate the spread of the Arabic language. This contrasts with the situation in the wider

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The Arab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of the Arabs, and especially to pursue the political unification of the Arab world, a project known as

2336: 1790:, which is also an Afro-Asiatic language. The majority of the population speaks Somali and Afar, although Arabic is also widely used for trade and other activities. 5858: 4603:

make up the roughly 2,000 kilometers of Arab Atlantic coastline. The southwestern sweep of the coast is gentle but substantial, such that Mauritania's capital,

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have invited contact and Arab exploration—mostly friendly, though sometimes not. Islands and peninsulas near the Arab coast have changed hands. The islands of

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and French. Comorian is the most widely spoken language, with Arabic having a religious significance, and French being associated with the educational system.

1746: 4055:) have historically maintained geographically definable boundaries, on which some of the modern states are roughly based. The 14th-century Egyptian historian 987:

that aims, among other things, to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries and sets out the following definition of an Arab:

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Tilmatine Mohand, Substrat et convergences: Le berbére et l'arabe nord-africain (1999), in Estudios de dialectologia norteaafricana y andalusi 4, pp 99–119

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throughout Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan. There are also native Arab Christian communities in Algeria, Bahrain, Morocco, Kuwait and Tunisia.

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This standard territorial definition is sometimes seen to be inappropriate or problematic, and may be supplemented with certain additional elements (see

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there is an estimated 20,000 to 100,000 evangelical Christians in Algeria, who practice their faith in mainly unregistered churches in the Kabyle region

8241: 4732:, and thus also between Arab Africa and Arab West Asia. This sea is a long and narrow waterway with a northwest tilt, stretching 2,300 kilometers from 942:. The majority of the vocabulary in these vernaculars is shared with Standard Arabic, but they also significantly borrow from other languages, such as 4831: 4772:

The east- and especially southeast-coast boundary of Arab Africa has historically been a gateway for maritime trade and cultural exchange with both

4035:. Arab nationalists who once opposed Islamic movements as a threat to their power, now deal with them differently for reasons of political reality. 7462: 7408: 7307: 4841: 886:

recognize Arabic as one of their official or working languages but are not included in the region because they are not members of the Arab League.

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region, standing for "Middle East and North Africa", is becoming increasingly popular, especially with support from the current US administration.

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than adults. Youth literacy rate (ages 15–24) in the Arab region increased from 63.9 to 76.3% from 1990 to 2002. The average rate of GCC States *

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The Arab states in changing alliances were involved in a number of wars with Israel and its western allies between 1948 and 1973, including the

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of 1958 to 1961. The Arab League's main goal is to unify politically the Arab populations so defined. Its permanent headquarters are located in

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also aiming to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state. Although Iraq hoped to take advantage of the revolutionary chaos in Iran (see

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Egypt's Bid for Arab Leadership: Implications for U.S. Policy, By Gregory L. Aftandilian, Published by Council on Foreign Relations, 1993,

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An Arab is a person whose language is Arabic, who lives in an Arab country, and who is in sympathy with the aspirations of the Arab people.

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Additionally, an upsurge in political Islam has since led to a greater emphasis on pan-Islamic rather than pan-Arab identity amongst some

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The political algebra of global value change: General models and implications for the Muslim world, with Almas Heshmati and Hichem Karoui

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In 2006, the TFG, assisted by Ethiopian troops, assumed control of most of the nation's southern conflict zones from the newly formed

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and the subcontinent. The trade winds help explain the presence of the Comoros islands, an Arab-African country, off the coast of

4615:, whose abrupt border belies the gradient in culture from Arab to indigenous African that historically characterizes this part of 3545:. It began in 1991, when a coalition of clan-based armed opposition groups ousted the nation's long-standing military government. 8211: 7212: 3966:. Historical divisions, competing local nationalisms, and geographical sprawl were major reasons for the failure of Pan-Arabism. 406: 5278: 4630:, the thirteen kilometer wide channel that connects the Mediterranean with the Atlantic to the west, and separates Morocco from 7723: 6912: 6364: 5757: 5729: 5197:

Jastrow, Otto O. (2006), "Iraq", in Versteegh, Kees; Eid, Mushira; Elgibali, Alaa; Woidich, Manfred; Zaborski, Andrzej (eds.),

4090:, usually chosen by the same imperial powers that for some drew the new borders, for services rendered to European powers like 2862: 2180: 848:(Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen). He also considered Iraq, alongside 7174: 7126: 7086: 7032: 6981: 6941: 6920: 6855: 6786: 6193: 5210: 5121: 5014: 3919:: Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. The other Arab countries are all 2428:

when other parts of the Arab world had only been able to sporadically produce feature-length films due to limited financing.

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Converted Moroccans — most of them secret worshippers, of whom there are estimated to be anywhere between 5,000 and 40,000 —

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As of 2006, the Arab world accounts for two-fifths of the gross domestic product and three-fifths of the trade of the wider

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Language and change in the Arab Middle East: the evolution of modern political discourse Studies in Middle Eastern history

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of 2000 to 2001 heralded the possibility of democratic change, but the Baathist regime managed to suppress the movement.

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had been active in Egypt since 1928, their militant actions were limited to assassination attempts on political leaders.

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is used and Arabic is the primary liturgical language, but the tongue is not official at the state level or spoken as a

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southeast, Egypt, Sudan, and Eritrea form the African coastline, with Djibouti marking Bab al Mendeb's African shore.

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The northern boundary of the African Arab world has also fluttered briefly in the other direction, first through the

4389: 4323: 3081: 2323: 2164: 6344: 4371: 4305: 8511: 8131: 8123: 7787: 1008: 973: 735: 424: 2435:. Three quarters of all Arab movies are produced in Egypt. According to film critic and historian Roy Armes, the 5559: 3550: 7869: 8291: 8053: 7647: 7101: 6689: 4919: 4367: 4290: 4191: 3959: 3158: 3077: 3065: 1902: 712: 88: 7113: 3648:

deposits in the 1930s, coupled with the vastly increased demand for petroleum in the west as a result of the

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The political borders of the Arab world have wandered, leaving Arab minorities in non-Arab countries of the

3165:, apart from brief intermittent Persian and Portuguese rule, has been self-governing since the 8th century. 2470:

are making wider and more frequent rounds than ever before in local film festivals and repertoire theaters.

8236: 8196: 8186: 7735: 5841:"'House-Churches' and Silent Masses —The Converted Christians of Morocco Are Praying in Secret – VICE News" 4985: 4240:

As of August 2009 it was reported that Saudi Arabia is the strongest Arab economy according to World Bank.

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imperial powers during the 19th and early 20th century. However, some of the larger states (in particular

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Historically the 4,000-kilometer Mediterranean boundary has fluttered. Population centers north of it in

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The Arab world straddles two continents, Africa and Asia. It is mainly oriented along an east–west axis.

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republic under his presidency. The Imam escaped to the Saudi Arabian border and rallied popular support.

3254: 3147: 3104: 2870:(also called the Mosque of Uqba) was founded in 670 by the Arab general and conqueror Uqba ibn Nafi. The 2439:

is the only other in the Arabic-speaking region, beside Egypt's, that could amount to a national cinema.

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The Middle East: Unity and diversity: Papers from the second Nordic conference on Middle Eastern studies

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Kronholm, Tryggve (1993). "Arab culture: Reality or fiction?". In Palva, Heikki; Vikør, Knut S. (eds.).

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Asfour, Nana (2000). "The Politics of Arab Cinema: Middle Eastern Filmmakers Face up to Their Reality".

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and the part of North-East Africa and South-West Asia. The eastern part of the Arab world is called the

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remains the top Arab economy in terms of total GDP. It is Asia's eleventh largest economy, followed by

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The Arab World stretches across more than 13,000,000 square kilometres (5,000,000 sq mi) of

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as a "flawed democracy" and all other Arab states as "authoritarian regimes". Similarly, the 2011

3617: 2053:, Ismailite pockets are also found in the eastern Al-Hasa region and the southern city of Najran. 8521: 8447: 8366: 8151: 7400: 4356: 4301: 3490: 2937: 2507: 2490: 2260: 1882: 1820: 6491:

Ancient Levantine Arabic: A Reconstruction Based on the Earliest Sources and the Modern Dialects

3211:. There were some short-lived attempts at such unification in the mid-20th century, notably the 1786:. It also has several formally recognized national languages; besides Somali, many people speak 742:, an international organization, which on top of the 19 plurality Arab states also includes the 7874: 7413: 7290: 7226:

Information and resources relating to energy, environment, and sustainability in the Arab world

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of late 2010 to the present have been directed against authoritarian leadership and associated

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between 1948 and 1972. Today small Jewish communities remain, ranging anywhere from just 10 in

1908: 1742: 905: 797: 786: 6580: 8531: 8432: 8166: 8161: 8038: 8018: 7829: 7799: 7581: 5702: 5031: 5004: 4106:. Another influential document written without the consensus of the local population was the 4103: 3984: 3830: 3718: 3519: 3513: 2410:. Egypt is a pioneer in the field, but each country in the region has its own unique cinema. 1768: 984: 6421: 5606: 4761:

winds blow from up equatorial Somalia, past Arabia and over the small Yemeni archipelago of

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There is increased interest in films originating in the Arab world. For example, films from

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Influences of culture on the styles of business behaviour between Western and Arab managers

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Morocco, and Yemen. Above all, the GPI of Yemen is only 0.46 in a 53% adult literacy rate.

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Pan-Arabism has mostly been abandoned as an ideology since the 1980s, and was replaced by

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The production of Arab cinema has declined in the last decades and many filmmakers in the

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Although no globally accepted definition of the Arab world exists, all countries that are

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A growing class of young, educated, secular citizens with access to modern media such as

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was conquered in 639, and gradually Arabized during the medieval period. A distinctively

2922:) and northern Arabia. Their expansion beyond Arabia and the Syrian desert is due to the 2459: 2112:

enclaves exist in the Nile Valley, Levant and northern Iraq respectively. There are also

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Please help update this section to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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While the Arab world had been of limited interest to the European colonial powers, the

3496: 3477: 3471: 3459: 3298: 3188: 3116: 3030: 2236: 2184: 2109: 2089: 1889:. Additionally, Malta, though not part of the Arab world, has as its official language 1846: 1838: 1431: 263: 35: 8078: 4218:. In recent years a new term has been coined to define a greater economic region: the 1969: 8422: 8113: 8048: 7963: 7943: 7336: 7170: 7152: 7137: 7122: 7082: 7061: 7028: 6999: 6977: 6959: 6937: 6916: 6901:

as music and media in the Arab world: A metadiscourse". In Frishkopf, Michael (ed.).

6883: 6851: 6782: 6602: 6495: 6461: 6316: 6287: 6253: 6189: 6149: 6115: 6080: 5966: 5910: 5885: 5817: 5433: 5423: 5390: 5361: 5286: 5206: 5127: 5117: 5092: 5082: 5037: 5010: 4623: 4558: 4546: 3996: 3992: 3845: 3686: 3451: 3443: 3433: 3398: 3294: 3270: 2979: 2899: 2701: 2467: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2436: 2093: 2014: 1870: 1798: 1107: 849: 845: 763: 7016:

Instant nationalism: McArabism, al-Jazeera and transnational media in the Arab world

5761: 5260:

Simeone-Sinelle, Marie-Claude (2005). "Arabic Lingua Franca in the Horn of Africa".

4454:(1.9 million km) in the southeast. Algeria is about three-quarters the size of 4297: 3817:

joined a multinational coalition that opposed Iraq. Displays of support for Iraq by

2597: 2293: 731: 8356: 8063: 8028: 7998: 7993: 7968: 7777: 7663: 7494: 7454: 7136:. Rev., with a new preface. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. x, 406 p. 7020: 6875: 6342:

Gender equality in Arab world critical for progress and prosperity, UN report warns

6245: 6141: 6107: 6072: 5202: 4230: 4206:. The central stretch of the highway, expected to be completed in 2010, will cross 3967: 3741: 3586: 3582: 3538: 3532: 3446:(1980–1988) killed more than 500,000 people before a UN-brokered ceasefire ended it 3196: 3124: 3112: 3108: 3020: 3013: 3005: 2983: 2187: 1912: 1890: 1842: 1764: 1574: 1206: 955: 951: 943: 867: 801: 475: 7507: 4791:

The southern boundary of Arab North Africa is the strip of scrubland known as the

3887:

For the states and territories constituting the Arab world, see definition above.

3308:

since 1893 following the disintegration of the Second Saudi State and the rise of

8407: 8376: 8371: 8216: 8156: 8103: 8033: 8013: 7988: 7978: 7879: 7757: 7195: 7043: 7014: 6989: 6949: 6902: 6869: 6837: 6626: 6348: 6183: 6111: 5940: 5933: 5613: 4737: 4027: 4008: 4004: 3976: 3876: 3857: 3750: 3313: 3192: 3128: 3052:, much of the Arab world came to be controlled by the European colonial empires: 2941: 2526:

According to the United Nations, 14% of Arab girls are married by the age of 18.

2511: 2463: 2129: 2113: 2105: 1783: 1756: 1738: 1707: 1679: 1650: 1621: 1592: 1559: 1537: 1522: 1493: 1464: 1435: 1406: 1373: 1344: 1311: 1282: 1253: 1224: 1191: 1162: 1144: 1129: 1111: 1092: 1063: 1030: 947: 863: 837: 688: 627: 6897:

Frishkopf, Michael (2010). "Introduction: Music and media in the Arab world and

4806: 4682:

and leaving a substantial mark on local and wider European and Western culture.

3088:, a British protectorate formed by the sheikhdoms on the former "Pirate Coast". 1968:. The reason given is: Relating to the Arab world survey conducted by the BBC. ( 8412: 8251: 8146: 8141: 8108: 8098: 8088: 8058: 7983: 7973: 7854: 7782: 7677: 7106: 6929: 6751: 6519: 5333: 4897: 4694: 4636: 4588: 4580: 4494: 4099: 4023: 3988: 3872: 3706: 3633: 3417: 3383: 3085: 3057: 2994: 2934:(modern Syria, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Lebanon ) between 636 and 640 CE. 2871: 2867: 2515: 2351: 2224: 809: 800:, the Arab world was synonymous with the historic Arab empires and caliphates. 755: 6076: 5790: 3934:

sought to unite all Arabic-speaking countries into one political entity. Only

2013:

law exists partially in the legal system in some countries (especially in the

8500: 8417: 8043: 8023: 7958: 7910: 7824: 7512: 6995: 6764: 6619: 6320: 6257: 6119: 6084: 5955:

Harper and Yuow, 1970, quote on page 38. The brackets are displayed by Lewis.

5738:"Majority and Minorities in the Arab World: The Lack of a Unifying Narrative" 5437: 5290: 5131: 5058:"Majority and Minorities in the Arab World: The Lack of a Unifying Narrative" 4741: 4131: 4072: 4060: 4012: 3771: 3710: 3664: 3641: 3591: 3329: 3325: 3274: 3183: 3178: 3069: 3038: 3009: 2986:

in the 13th century. Egypt, the Levant and Hejaz also came under the Turkish

2967: 2919: 2144: 2101: 1924: 1830: 1787: 1714: 871: 720: 6389: 5551: 5248: 5236: 5224: 5096: 4512: 3438: 1727: 19:

This article is about geographical region. For the geopolitical entity, see

8452: 8093: 7953: 7948: 7804: 7730: 7682: 7552: 7357: 7324: 6865: 6774: 6286:(New rev. ed.). Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. 5725: 4856: 4812: 4785: 4463: 4409: 4255: 4243: 4172: 4087: 4032: 3980: 3927: 3814: 3674: 3660: 3656: 3305: 3282: 3231: 3143: 3092: 2414: 2208: 2097: 2065: 2050: 1489: 901: 767: 684: 573: 529: 289: 7230: 6737: 5111: 2962:

The culture of Sudan today depends on the tribe, some have a pure Nubian,

2623: 463: 8068: 7925: 7772: 7767: 7713: 7692: 7586: 7569: 6843: 6341: 6145: 5076: 5030:

Mellor, Noha; Rinnawi, Khalil; Dajani, Nabil; Ayish, Muhammad I. (2013).

4836: 4773: 4675: 4622:

Arab Africa's boundary to the north is again a continental boundary, the

4616: 3931: 3625: 3602: 3578: 3413: 3409: 3320:, the Al Saud dynasty's former capital. He went on to subdue the rest of 3257:

was a 30-year-long military and political campaign, by which the various

3208: 3049: 2963: 2887: 2857: 2779: 2741: 2550: 2481:

gathered to hold a meeting and discuss the current state of Arab cinema.

2478: 2418: 2374: 2368: 2022: 1995: 1745:

is official in all of them. Several states have declared Arabic to be an

977: 967: 896: 813: 785:, the Arab world has a total population of 456 million inhabitants and a 759: 739: 695:, there are also significant populations of other ethnic groups such as 453: 20: 6328: 2951:

was also conquered in the 7th century, and gradually Arabized under the

1720:

When an ancillary linguistic definition is used in combination with the

8003: 7915: 7844: 7564: 7299: 6955: 6265: 5964: 5760:. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 30 June 2015. Archived from 5175: 4781: 4777: 4644: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4469:

At the other extreme, the smallest autonomous mainland Arab country is

4225: 4195: 4056: 3912: 3779: 3637: 3379: 2915: 2903: 2767: 2715: 2034: 2018: 1932: 1760: 1340: 829: 782: 589: 545: 467: 440: 224: 5170: 4847:

List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language

2805: 2753: 2649: 2231:. In Mauritania the rate is lower than the average, at less than 50%. 2135:

Smaller ethno-religious minorities across the Arab League include the

2092:. Small native Christian communities can be found also throughout the 7687: 7540: 7502: 7312: 5828:. In all an estimated 40,000 Moroccans have converted to Christianity 5417: 4517: 4254:, which were the second and third largest economies in Africa, after 4157: 3678: 3645: 3621: 3262: 2907: 2727: 2212: 2152: 2117: 1916: 1862: 1823:

may concurrently be considered a constituent part of the Arab world.

1772: 770:

in the southeast. The eastern part of the Arab world is known as the

7156: 6697: 6249: 4341: 4308:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 3689:

became a problem in the Arab world in the 1970s to 1980s. While the

8427: 8136: 7632: 7190: 7049: 6489: 5859:"'Christians Enjoy Religious Freedom': Church-State ties excellent" 4745: 4686: 4679: 4678:, extending the northern boundary at times to the foothills of the 4671: 4640: 4526: 3920: 3916: 3849: 3834: 3802: 3670: 2952: 2911: 2875: 2663: 2304:

external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

1779: 1125: 853: 747: 383: 7042:

Sullivan, Earl L.; Ismael, Jacqueline S., eds. (1991). "Preface".

4643:, before turning straight east again through Egypt's second city, 7081:. Abu Dhabi: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. 7053: 6847: 4762: 4758: 4721: 4714: 4652: 4612: 4608: 4584: 4474: 4470: 4447: 4437: 4420: 4414: 4251: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4180: 4068: 4059:, for instance, defines Egypt's boundaries as extending from the 3951: 3795: 3787: 3775: 3767: 3755: 3714: 3682: 3542: 3374: 3266: 3132: 3120: 3091:

These Arab states only gained their independence during or after

2998: 2948: 2879: 2611: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2383: 2344: 2340: 2232: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2136: 2125: 2077: 2038: 2030: 2010: 1999: 1991: 1919:), serves as an official language in the Arab League states, and 1858: 1808: 1794: 1752: 1617: 1518: 1369: 1278: 1088: 1059: 1026: 939: 925: 879: 775: 771: 751: 743: 708: 704: 696: 584: 567: 562: 523: 480: 396: 370: 328: 237: 198: 133: 120: 83: 6063:

Ghareeb, Shirin (September 1997). "An overview of Arab cinema".

5006:

Everyday Arab Identity: The Daily Reproduction of the Arab World

726:

The Arab world is at its minimum defined as the 19 states where

691:. While the majority of people in the Arab world are ethnically 4725: 4706: 4690: 4663: 4659: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4502: 4498: 4459: 4184: 4117:, Efraim Halevy, now a director at the Hebrew University said, 4114: 4083: 4044: 3904: 3818: 3791: 3701: 3565: 3564:, which have since been fighting the Somali government and its 3390: 3349: 3317: 3002: 2931: 2918:, and numerous other groups were prevalent in southern Levant ( 2895: 2831: 2793: 2637: 2395: 2248: 2240: 2220: 2140: 2085: 2046: 1940: 1878: 1874: 1812: 1249: 1220: 914: 883: 716: 578: 551: 534: 185: 172: 4130:

There was a famous story about a British consul, a lady named

3023:

arose in the second half of the 19th century along with other

804:

arose in the second half of the 19th century along with other

16:

Geographical and cultural region in Africa and the Middle East

8231: 6908: 4792: 4766: 4749: 4733: 4710: 4702: 4698: 4667: 4648: 4631: 4490: 4455: 4451: 4259: 4247: 4203: 4199: 4165: 4161: 4086:

were placed as semi-autonomous rulers over the newly created

4064: 4052: 4048: 3955: 3947: 3943: 3935: 3915:

are represented in the Arab World: Some of the countries are

3810: 3806: 3733: 3357: 3356:

from 1927 until it was further consolidated with Al-Hasa and

3345: 3341: 3337: 3258: 3220: 3216: 2956: 2819: 2689: 2585: 2500: 2432: 2425: 2387: 2379: 2244: 2148: 2073: 2069: 2054: 2042: 2006: 1936: 1866: 1834: 1819:

Israel is not a part of the Arab world. By some definitions,

1675: 1588: 1555: 1460: 1307: 1158: 894:

The linguistic and political denotation inherent in the term

859: 700: 692: 611: 600: 595: 556: 540: 512: 507: 484: 354: 315: 302: 276: 211: 146: 6711: 6457:, éd. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006, p. 248 6455:

Tracing the Way: Spiritual Dimensions of the World Religions

4920:"Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | Data" 4757:

complete the horn of Africa. For six months of the year the

3560:(ICU). The ICU splintered into more radical groups, notably 3352:) between 1913 and 1926. The resultant polity was named the 3289:, this process created what is sometimes referred to as the 3146:

had fragmented with the fall of the Ottoman Empire, and was

980:

are generally acknowledged as being part of the Arab world.

4821: 4729: 4670:

lie just a hundred kilometers east of the Tunisian city of

4655:

include (Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Mauritania).

4506: 4219: 4079: 4043:

Many of the modern borders of the Arab World were drawn by

3939: 3798:

as "partly free", and all other Arab states as "not free".

3759: 3333: 3321: 3223:

during the 1980s, after Egypt was expelled for signing the

3162: 2927: 2675: 2391: 2156: 2081: 2058: 2026: 1927:, where, in contiguous Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan, the 1854: 1826: 1804: 1402: 1187: 1012: 875: 727: 518: 250: 159: 7270: 7223: 5882:

Religion and Contemporary Politics: A Global Encyclopedia

5320:

Georgetown University-Center for Contemporary Arab Studies

4473:(10,452 km), and the smallest island Arab country is 4418:. Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania are the 4190:

The main economic organisations in the Arab World are the

3801:

The invasion of Kuwait by Iraq forces, led to the 1990–91

2155:(in Iraq). Formerly, there were significant minorities of 2009:, and the religion has official status in most countries. 683:, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in 7206: 5081:. Philip K. Hitti. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing. 4607:(18°N, 16°W), is far enough west to share longitude with 4431: 2337:

Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)

2265:

Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)

1893:. The language is grammatically akin to Maghrebi Arabic. 1850: 6804:"Poking at the Beast: How much is the Arab world worth?" 6514:

Bechtold, Peter R (1991). "More Turbulence in Sudan" in

5029: 3016:

also held sway in the southern part of the Horn region.

2966:, or Arabic culture and some have a mixture of Arab and 734:

of the population. At its maximum it consists of the 22

5595:

Africa contemporary record: annual survey and documents

5116:(First paperback ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books. 5033:

Arab Media: Globalization and Emerging Media Industries

3234:

on one hand, and individual nationalisms on the other.

3161:

also seceded directly from the Ottoman Empire in 1918.

7149:

A Look at International Survey Data About Arab Opinion

6643:"Arab Nationalism: Mistaken Identity by Martin Kramer" 6098:

Elgamal, Amal (3 April 2014). "Cinema and its image".

4450:(2.4 million km) in the center of the region and 4113:

As former director of the Israeli intelligence agency

2549:

Table of largest cities in the Arab world by official

6537:"E. African Nations Back Kenyan Offensive in Somalia" 2484: 6954:. Nordic proceedings in Asian studies. Vol. 5. 4948:"GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$ ) | Data" 4802: 4647:, at the mouth of the Nile. Along with the spine of 1713:

population speaks Arabic, and thus may also include

1687: 1658: 1629: 1600: 1567: 1530: 1501: 1472: 1443: 1414: 1381: 1352: 1319: 1290: 1261: 1232: 1199: 1170: 1137: 1100: 1071: 1038: 669: 652: 635: 7169:(1st ed.). Nova Science Publishers, New York. 6871:

War of visions: Conflict of identities in the Sudan

6670:. Los Angeles World Affairs Council. Archived from 4626:. This boundary begins in the west with the narrow 4018:Later and current Arab Nationalist leaders include 2005:The majority of people in the Arab world adhere to 1970:

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-48703377

1887:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

1002: 8242:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries 6734:"World Bank: Saudi Arabia, strongest Arab economy" 6162: 5907:Middle East Patterns: Places, People, and Politics 3285:was proclaimed. Carried out under the charismatic 2151:(mainly in Syria and also in Lebanon, Jordan) and 4832:Arabic language influence on the Spanish language 3659:is particularly well-endowed with this strategic 3048:When the Ottoman Empire collapsed as a result of 2288:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines 2061:, where Ibadis constitute around 75% of Muslims. 1939:constitute around one quarter of the 1.5 billion 8498: 6284:Arab cinema : history and cultural identity 6240:Hennebelle, Guy (November 1976). "Arab Cinema". 6170:Arab Filmmakers of the Middle East: a Dictionary 5965:Global Education Monitoring Report Team (2015). 5597:, Volume 13, (Africana Pub. Co.: 1985), p.B-116. 5385: 5383: 5356: 5354: 4842:International Association of Arabic Dialectology 4795:that crosses the continent south of the Sahara. 4579:In the west, it is bounded by the shores of the 4262:is the richest developing country in the world. 3875:and to establish democratic reforms and greater 3025:nationalisms within the declining Ottoman Empire 2424:A sustained film industry was able to emerge in 6579:. Freedomhouse.org. 10 May 2004. Archived from 5584:, (Center for Applied Linguistics: 1993), p.15. 5419:The best divisions for knowledge of the regions 5262:Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics 5199:Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics 4639:, and bumps north through Libya's second city, 2021:. The majority of the Arab countries adhere to 7041: 5816:. University of Cambridge Press. p. 253. 5150:World101 from the Council on Foreign Relations 4689:and later through the imperial involvement of 4497:as well as in the Middle Eastern countries of 3962:considered the short-lived unification of the 3740:Today, Arab states are characterized by their 3248: 1767:. Both Arabic and Somali belong to the larger 1741:are spoken in a number of Arab League states, 46:13,132,327 km (5,070,420 sq mi) 8272:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 7719:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 7648: 7256: 6991:Nasserist ideology: its exponents and critics 5969:(Report). UNESCO. ED/EFA/MRT/2015/RO/02 REV 2 5814:Al-Maghred, the Barbary Lion: A Look at Islam 5380: 5351: 4769:. They then switch directions and blow back. 3281:, between 1902 and 1932, when the modern-day 2959:from Egypt during the 8th to 11th centuries. 2068:adherents in the Arab world, particularly in 874:), is not included in the region. Similarly, 7134:Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798–1939 6658: 6656: 6530: 6528: 5552:"Somaliland Republic : Country Profile" 5415: 4458:, or about one-and-a-half times the size of 3301:states that existed under the Al Saud clan. 2997:controlled most of the Arab world. However, 2973: 933: 919: 663: 646: 5717: 5519: 5517: 5493:: a handbook, (Greenwood Press: 2007), p.1. 5279:"Why the Arab world has an identity crisis" 4969: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4788:, the southernmost part of the Arab World. 4370:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3244:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East 3168: 826:Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions 7655: 7641: 7263: 7249: 6801: 6239: 6185:Arab Cinema: History and Cultural Identity 5779: 5695:"How Many Muslims Are There in the World?" 5665: 5580:Diana Briton Putman, Mohamood Cabdi Noor, 4892: 4890: 3603:popular protests throughout the Arab world 3484: 3360:into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932. 1391:is the second official language (minority) 1209:is the second official language (minority) 1048:is the second official language (minority) 34: 7203:— Directories of all Arab world countries 6896: 6653: 6525: 6487: 6065:Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies 5758:"Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada" 5416:al-Muqaddasī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (2001). 5309: 5307: 4557:The West Asian Arab region comprises the 4390:Learn how and when to remove this message 4324:Learn how and when to remove this message 4071:in the east and the oases of the Western/ 3882: 2431:Arabic cinema is dominated by films from 2324:Learn how and when to remove this message 1721: 996: 8352:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic 8282:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 8247:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) 7045:The contemporary study of the Arab world 6947: 6534: 5514: 5470: 5391:"Arab League Warns of Civil War in Iraq" 5002: 4954: 4705:. Another visitor from northern shores, 4511: 4484: 4430: 4224: 4156: 3894: 3724: 3700: 3616: 3590: 3541:is an ongoing civil war taking place in 3507: 3437: 3373: 3363: 3182: 3029: 2861: 2545:List of largest cities in the Arab world 2494: 2203: 2159:throughout the Arab World. However, the 1990: 1726: 8227:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) 8212:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 7102:Imperialism and Class in the Arab World 7012: 6835: 6618:Boms, Nir Tuvia and Hussein Aboubakr. 6097: 6062: 5673:"Hassaniyya – A language of Mauritania" 5196: 4887: 4258:, in 2006. In terms of GDP per capita, 3848:(since 1996) and communicating via the 3677:were on the rise during the 1980s. The 3219:. However, it was moved temporarily to 1829:has about 1.5 million Arabic speakers. 1782:has two official languages, Arabic and 1755:has two official languages, Arabic and 1701: 961: 924:"everyday/colloquial language") in the 8499: 8222:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) 7271:Geographical distribution of languages 7161: 6987: 6913:The American University in Cairo Press 6662: 6306: 6281: 6277: 6275: 6181: 5856: 5811: 5724: 5582:The Somalis: their history and culture 5362:"Arab League Sends Delegation to Iraq" 5313: 5304: 4986:"The Arab World – an Arab perspective" 3890: 3191:(center) receiving Algerian president 2944:language emerged by the 16th century. 2902:. Arab tribes and federations such as 2188:practices of slavery in the Arab world 1797:has three official languages: Arabic, 7636: 7244: 6974:Africa: A Biography of the Continent. 6958:: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. 6763: 6687: 6649:from the original on 25 October 2009. 6359: 6357: 6235: 6233: 6135: 6131: 6129: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6050: 6048: 5926: 5699:About.com Religion & Spirituality 5587: 5109: 5074: 3465: 1503:al-Mamlakah al-‘Arabīyah as-Sa‘ūdīyah 7662: 6864: 6665:"Winds of Change in the Middle East" 6449: 5904: 5879: 4827:List of Arab countries by population 4368:adding citations to reliable sources 4335: 4273: 4233:is one of the seven emirates of the 4038: 2268: 1950: 1660:al-Imārāt al-‘Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah 8262:National Liberation Front (Algeria) 7079:French Policy toward the Arab World 6535:Heinlein, Peter (22 October 2011). 6272: 5850: 5742:Jerusalem Center For Public Affairs 5600: 5452:Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic 5318:. Washington, D.C., United States: 5062:Jerusalem Center For Public Affairs 4852:List of Muslim states and dynasties 4152: 3526: 3316:clan. In 1902, Ibn Saud recaptured 3237: 3012:in the 16th to 17th centuries. The 2874:is located in the historic city of 2227:(ages 15 and older) in this region 1683: 1654: 1625: 1596: 1563: 1526: 1497: 1468: 1439: 1410: 1377: 1348: 1315: 1286: 1257: 1228: 1195: 1166: 1133: 1096: 1067: 1034: 934: 920: 841: 664: 647: 631: 13: 8202:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria) 7724:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 7093: 6516:Sudan: State and Society in Crisis 6402:from the original on 30 March 2004 6354: 6300: 6230: 6175: 6126: 6045: 5730:"Arab Christians: An Introduction" 5146:"Middle East – People and Society" 2521: 2485:Gender equality and women's rights 2373:There is no single description of 2259:Literacy rate is higher among the 2200:Higher Education in the Arab World 2017:), while others are legislatively 14: 8563: 8267:Palestine Liberation Organization 7184: 6904:Music and media in the Arab world 6899:Music and media in the Arab world 5732:. Arabic Bible Outreach Ministry. 5562:from the original on 2 March 2001 3696: 3399:unresolved geopolitical conflicts 3304:The Al-Saud had been in exile in 3082:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon 2538: 908:is used by the government. Local 8481: 8480: 8207:Arabian Peninsula People's Union 7890:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 7615: 7614: 7229: 6936:Cambridge, Mass.: Warner Books. 6814:from the original on 11 May 2011 6712:"World Steel Association – Home" 6688:Royle, Trevor (3 January 2016). 6663:Halevy, Efraim (16 April 2015). 6188:. American Univ in Cairo Press. 6033:from the original on 5 June 2007 6021:"Regional overview: Arab States" 6001:from the original on 5 June 2007 5989:"Regional overview: Arab States" 5078:The Arabs : a short history 4983: 4805: 4340: 4278: 4102:released the full text, was the 3427: 2851: 2830: 2804: 2778: 2752: 2726: 2700: 2674: 2648: 2622: 2596: 2362: 2273: 1955: 1715:populations of the Arab diaspora 1668: 1639: 1610: 1581: 1548: 1511: 1482: 1453: 1424: 1395: 1362: 1333: 1300: 1271: 1242: 1213: 1180: 1151: 1118: 1114:are the other official languages 1081: 1052: 1019: 1009:Member states of the Arab League 1003:Member states of the Arab League 904:considerations. In Arab states, 754:. The region stretches from the 605: 594: 583: 572: 561: 550: 539: 528: 517: 506: 433: 425:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 417: 389: 376: 363: 347: 334: 321: 308: 295: 282: 269: 256: 243: 230: 217: 204: 191: 178: 165: 152: 139: 126: 113: 7850:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 6802:El-Shenawi, Eman (5 May 2011). 6795: 6757: 6754:, GDP by country classification 6744: 6726: 6704: 6681: 6635: 6612: 6595: 6569: 6551: 6508: 6481: 6443: 6414: 6390:"Demographia World Urban Areas" 6382: 6335: 6209: 6091: 6013: 5981: 5958: 5945: 5898: 5873: 5833: 5805: 5750: 5687: 5638: 5629: 5574: 5544: 5535: 5526: 5505: 5496: 5483: 5461: 5444: 5409: 5326: 5271: 5254: 5242: 5230: 5218: 5190: 5163: 5138: 5103: 5068: 5050: 4583:. From northeast to southwest, 4126:He went on to give an example, 4122:frontier moved (with the hand). 3636:being mostly interested in the 3551:Transitional Federal Government 3382:on October 7, 1973, during the 3378:Egyptian vehicles crossing the 3293:, to differentiate it from the 3001:remained under the rule of the 2049:have large Shia minorities. In 1896: 1837:, a southwestern region in the 1722:standard territorial definition 1577:is the second official language 997:ancillary linguistic definition 844:) to refer to the lands of the 828:, 10th century Arab geographer 8292:Union of Arab Republics (1972) 8054:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 6934:A History of the Arab Peoples. 6577:"Freedom House Country Report" 6351:, E-joussour (21 October 2008) 5967:Regional overview: Arab States 5023: 5003:Phillips, Christopher (2012). 4996: 4977: 4940: 4926: 4912: 4869: 4192:Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 4067:in the south; and between the 3681:, a militant Islamic party in 3572: 3393:in 1948 has given rise to the 3203:in Alexandria, September 1964. 3159:Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen 3066:French protectorate of Morocco 2926:of the 7th and 8th centuries. 1903:Demographics of the Arab world 1763:has three, Arabic, Somali and 1540:is the first official language 1147:is the other official language 819: 774:, and the western part as the 1: 6559:"The haves and the have-nots" 6450:Küng, Hans (31 August 2006). 5456:Dictionary of Moroccan Arabic 5454:(2011); Harrell, Richard S.: 4863: 4724:defines the boundary between 3871:, was launched to oppose the 3481:million people from Lebanon. 3062:British protectorate of Egypt 3008:, which was succeeded by the 2356:Arab human development report 1747:official or national language 889: 870:derives from Arabic (through 8237:Federation of Arab Republics 8197:Arab Socialist Union (Libya) 8187:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt) 7788:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 7736:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 7237:travel guide from Wikivoyage 6140:. Indiana University Press. 6112:10.1080/17550912.2014.918320 5338:Council on Foreign Relations 4269: 3865:Egyptian Movement for Change 3730:Saudi Arabian-led airstrikes 3650:Second Industrial Revolution 3612: 3195:(right) and Iraqi president 2890:historically originate as a 2499:A women's rights protest in 2193: 1865:, the Arabic dialect of the 791:Middle East and North Africa 7: 8362:Flag of the Arab Federation 8192:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq) 8182:Arab Socialist Action Party 7058:University of Alberta Press 7025:University Press of America 6136:Armes, Roy (8 March 2018). 5624:Central Intelligence Agency 5480:, (GRIN Verlag: 2009), p.2. 4934:"GDP (current US$ ) | Data" 4877:"Arab World – Surface area" 4798: 4545: Expansion during the 4535: Expansion during the 4404:Geography of the Arab world 4304:the claims made and adding 3839:execution of Saddam Hussein 3833:led to the collapse of the 3717:shortly after the American 3255:unification of Saudi Arabia 3249:Unification of Saudi Arabia 3105:Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 2529: 2518:-sponsored report in 2008. 2443:television or short films. 2181:slavery in the Muslim world 1946: 1688: 1659: 1630: 1601: 1568: 1531: 1502: 1473: 1444: 1415: 1382: 1353: 1320: 1291: 1262: 1233: 1200: 1171: 1138: 1101: 1072: 1039: 900:is generally dominant over 723:throughout the Arab world. 670: 653: 636: 10: 8568: 8333:On the Way of Resurrection 8326:The Battle for One Destiny 8257:Lebanese National Movement 7698:Third International Theory 7213:Arab countries information 7119:Oxford University Press US 6829: 6632:. 2022. 20 January 2022. 6226:– via Find Articles. 6138:Roots of the New Arab Film 5909:. Routledge. p. 109. 5489:Dwight Fletcher Reynolds, 4401: 3831:2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq 3746:lack of democratic control 3576: 3530: 3511: 3488: 3469: 3431: 3367: 3241: 3172: 2855: 2844: 2840: 2542: 2488: 2366: 2197: 2037:majority countries, while 1900: 1849:provinces and the city of 1705: 1655:الإمارات العربيّة المتّحدة 1006: 965: 938:"common language") in the 852:(Iraq, Syria and Turkey), 762:in the east, and from the 665:اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ 495:Major cities of Arab world 18: 8476: 8385: 8342: 8310: 8287:Unified Political Command 8177:Arab Nationalist Movement 8122: 8074:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi 7934: 7903: 7870:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 7741:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 7706: 7670: 7610: 7521: 7493: 7453: 7399: 7345: 7298: 7289: 7276: 6880:The Brookings Institution 6488:al-Jallad, Ahmad (2012). 6217:"FindArticles.com | CBSi" 6100:Contemporary Arab Affairs 6077:10.1080/10669929708720114 5905:Held, Colbert C. (2008). 5884:. ABC-CLIO. p. 200. 5880:Shaw, Jeffrey M. (2019). 5612:27 September 2021 at the 5478:The League of Arab States 5110:Rogan, Eugene L. (2011). 5075:Hitti, Philip K. (1996). 5036:. John Wiley & Sons. 5009:. Routledge. p. 94. 3907:, Saudi Arabia, July 2022 3422:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 3389:The establishment of the 3354:Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz 3225:Camp David Accords (1978) 2974:Ottoman and colonial rule 2339:was 94%, followed by the 2215:lining up for class, 2009 1964:This article needs to be 490: 473: 459: 449: 94: 82: 74: 66: 58: 50: 42: 33: 7795:1952 Egyptian revolution 7132:Hourani, Albert (1983). 7013:Rinnawi, Khalil (2006). 6836:Baumann, Andrea (2006). 6625:16 November 2022 at the 6347:6 September 2015 at the 5953:Race and Color in Islam, 3169:Rise of Arab nationalism 3152:Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia 2872:Great Mosque of Kairouan 2868:Great Mosque of Kairouan 2171:, to more than 1,000 in 1498:المملكة العربية السعودية 632:اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ 8512:Country classifications 8448:Palestinian nationalism 8367:Flag of the Arab Revolt 7860:1966 Syrian coup d'état 7840:1963 Syrian coup d'état 7820:1961 Syrian coup d'état 7401:Germanic-speaking world 6988:Rejwan, Nissim (1974). 5541:Sullivan and Ismael: ix 4139:Historian Jim Crow, of 4078:At other times, kings, 3685:, was founded in 1982. 3491:Western Sahara conflict 3485:Western Sahara conflict 3283:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2955:. Islam was brought to 2512:equality of opportunity 2508:Women in the Arab world 2491:Women in the Arab world 1915:(symptomatic of Arabic 1883:Cypriot Maronite Arabic 1821:Arab citizens of Israel 862:, an island country in 648:اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ 62:29.839/km (70.37/sq mi) 7875:1969 Libyan revolution 7753:1941 Iraqi coup d'état 7291:Romance-speaking world 7209:— Arab world directory 7196:INFOSAMAK – Arab world 6690:"Games With Frontiers" 6369:UN Women | Arab States 6282:Shafik, Viola (2007). 6182:Shafik, Viola (2007). 5857:Sharaf, Nihal (2012). 5314:Tamari, Steve (2008). 4551: 4525: Expansion under 4442: 4237: 4168: 4150: 4137: 4124: 4096:Sherif Hussein ibn Ali 4063:in the north to lower 3908: 3883:States and territories 3774:report classifies the 3737: 3722: 3629: 3598: 3596:2011 Bahraini uprising 3447: 3386: 3273:were conquered by the 3204: 3045: 3035:Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt 2930:was conquered in 633, 2883: 2504: 2223:, the average rate of 2216: 2147:(mainly in Iraq), the 2057:Islam is practiced in 2002: 1943:in the Islamic world. 1909:Modern Standard Arabic 1869:ethnic minority, as a 1734: 993: 798:post-classical history 787:gross domestic product 671:al-ummah al-ʿarabiyyah 429:Extended definition: 359:Extended definition: 8433:Jordanian nationalism 8167:Arab Islamic Republic 8162:Arab Higher Committee 8039:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani 8019:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 7830:North Yemen civil war 7763:Arab–Israeli conflict 7582:Uralic-speaking world 7495:Celtic-speaking world 7455:Slavic-speaking world 6972:Reader, John (1997). 6930:Hourani, Albert Habib 5787:"2010 Census Results" 5237:Arabic, Hijazi Spoken 4984:Khan, Zafarul-Islam. 4515: 4485:Historical boundaries 4466:(2 million km). 4434: 4228: 4160: 4145: 4128: 4119: 4104:Sykes-Picot Agreement 3985:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 3898: 3867:, popularly known as 3784:electoral democracies 3766:as "hybrid regimes", 3728: 3704: 3620: 3594: 3520:North Yemen Civil War 3514:North Yemen Civil War 3508:North Yemen Civil War 3441: 3406:1948 Arab–Israeli War 3395:Arab–Israeli conflict 3377: 3370:Arab–Israeli conflict 3368:Further information: 3364:Arab–Israeli conflict 3186: 3173:Further information: 3033: 2993:By 1570, the Turkish 2865: 2856:Further information: 2816:United Arab Emirates 2498: 2207: 2161:Arab–Israeli conflict 1994: 1841:; others inhabit the 1730: 989: 985:regional organisation 983:The Arab League is a 808:movements within the 658:), also known as the 413:Minimum definition: 109:Minimum definition: 8468:Tunisian nationalism 8438:Lebanese nationalism 8398:Egyptian nationalism 8393:Algerian nationalism 8297:United Arab Republic 8172:Arab Liberation Army 8152:Arab Ba'ath Movement 8009:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 7111:Ayalon, Amy (1987). 6866:Deng, Francis Mading 6740:on 30 November 2009. 6146:10.2307/j.ctt22p7j4k 5939:1 April 2001 at the 5812:Carnes, Nat (2012). 5646:"Middle East – Iran" 5225:Arabic, Najdi Spoken 5113:The Arabs: A History 4441:(Western Arab world) 4364:improve this section 4235:United Arab Emirates 4141:Newcastle University 4001:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 3964:United Arab Republic 3899:Arab leaders at the 3837:regime and ultimate 3628:pipelines and fields 3607:political corruption 3558:Islamic Courts Union 3424:was signed in 1979. 3213:United Arab Republic 3137:United Arab Emirates 3101:Syrian Arab Republic 3043:Egyptian Ottoman War 2847:History of the Arabs 2294:improve this article 2163:prompted their mass 1833:are mainly found in 1702:Ancillary linguistic 1647:United Arab Emirates 962:Standard territorial 910:vernacular languages 842:أَقَالِيمُ ٱلْعَرَبِ 766:in the north to the 342:United Arab Emirates 8458:Sahrawi nationalism 7815:1959 Mosul uprising 7748:Great Syrian Revolt 7075:Saint-Prot, Charles 6976:New York: Vintage. 6770:The Crisis of Islam 6677:on 6 December 2010. 6430:Government of Dubai 6365:"Facts and Figures" 5705:on 26 December 2018 5476:Benjamin Hätinger, 5268:– via Academia.edu. 5249:Arabic, Gulf Spoken 4898:"Arab World | Data" 4628:Strait of Gibraltar 4108:Balfour Declaration 3911:Different forms of 3891:Forms of government 3397:, one of the major 3287:Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud 3187:Egyptian president 3175:Islam and modernity 3097:Republic of Lebanon 3054:Mandatory Palestine 2306:footnote references 1929:Perso-Arabic script 1907:In the Arab world, 1732:Varieties of Arabic 912:are referred to as 793:(MENA) definition. 758:in the west to the 30: 8547:Historical regions 8463:Syrian nationalism 8443:Libyan nationalism 8403:Greater Mauritania 8319:The Arab Awakening 8302:United Arab States 8277:Rejectionist Front 8084:Gamal Abdel Nasser 7895:Yemeni unification 7885:Lebanese Civil War 7865:17 July Revolution 7835:Ramadan Revolution 7810:14 July Revolution 7281:Language geography 7191:Arab League Online 7105:(September 2016), 6539:. Voice of America 6422:"History of Dubai" 5651:The World Factbook 5619:The World Factbook 5316:Who are the Arabs? 5171:"Jordan and Syria" 4552: 4537:Rashidun Caliphate 4443: 4289:possibly contains 4238: 4169: 4092:the British Empire 4020:Muammar al-Gaddafi 3973:Gamal Abdel Nasser 3909: 3738: 3723: 3691:Muslim Brotherhood 3630: 3599: 3497:Western Sahara War 3478:Lebanese Civil War 3472:Lebanese Civil War 3466:Lebanese Civil War 3460:Iranian Revolution 3448: 3387: 3205: 3201:Arab League summit 3189:Gamal Abdel Nasser 3117:Kingdom of Morocco 3084:and the so-called 3046: 2894:group in southern 2884: 2505: 2217: 2175:and some 3,000 in 2110:Assyrian Christian 2003: 1839:Khuzestan Province 1735: 654:al-waṭan al-ʿarabī 637:al-ʿālam al-ʿarabī 59:Population density 28: 8494: 8493: 8423:Iraqi nationalism 8114:Constantin Zureiq 7964:Abdul Rahman Arif 7944:Butrus al-Bustani 7630: 7629: 7395: 7394: 7176:978-1-62948-899-8 7127:978-0-19-504140-8 7087:978-9948-00-336-6 7034:978-0-7618-3439-7 6998:: Halsted Press. 6982:978-0-679-40979-3 6942:978-0-674-39565-7 6922:978-977-416-293-0 6857:978-3-638-86642-2 6788:978-0-8129-6785-2 6773:. New York City: 6518:. ed. John Voll ( 6460:. A&C Black. 6195:978-977-416-065-3 5843:. 23 March 2015. 5334:"The Arab League" 5212:978-90-04-14474-3 5123:978-0-465-02504-6 5016:978-1-136-21960-3 4740:southeast to the 4720:To the east, the 4624:Mediterranean Sea 4599:by Morocco), and 4559:Arabian Peninsula 4547:Umayyad Caliphate 4400: 4399: 4392: 4334: 4333: 4326: 4291:original research 4164:, the capital of 4039:Modern boundaries 3997:Shukri al-Kuwatli 3993:Constantin Zureiq 3742:autocratic rulers 3687:Islamic terrorism 3416:of 1967, and the 3340:(location of the 3291:Third Saudi State 3271:Arabian Peninsula 3135:in 1962, and the 3019:The sentiment of 2980:Abbasid Caliphate 2900:Arabian peninsula 2838: 2837: 2510:are still denied 2437:cinema of Lebanon 2343:at 83.2% and the 2334: 2333: 2326: 2183:developed out of 2094:Arabian Peninsula 2015:Arabian Peninsula 1989: 1988: 1871:national language 1699: 1698: 868:national language 850:Upper Mesopotamia 846:Arabian Peninsula 781:According to the 764:Mediterranean Sea 620: 619: 8559: 8517:Cultural regions 8484: 8483: 8357:Eagle of Saladin 8064:Amin al-Husseini 8029:Faisal I of Iraq 7999:Sultan al-Atrash 7994:Mansur al-Atrash 7969:Abdul Salam Arif 7778:War of Attrition 7664:Arab nationalism 7657: 7650: 7643: 7634: 7633: 7618: 7617: 7296: 7295: 7265: 7258: 7251: 7242: 7241: 7233: 7180: 7071: 7038: 7021:Lanham, Maryland 7009: 6969: 6926: 6893: 6876:Washington, D.C. 6861: 6824: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6799: 6793: 6792: 6761: 6755: 6748: 6742: 6741: 6736:. Archived from 6730: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6714:. Worldsteel.org 6708: 6702: 6701: 6700:on 7 March 2003. 6696:. Archived from 6685: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6669: 6660: 6651: 6650: 6639: 6633: 6616: 6610: 6599: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6573: 6567: 6566: 6555: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6532: 6523: 6522:(Boulder)) p. 1. 6512: 6506: 6505: 6494:. ProQuest LLC. 6485: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6447: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6401: 6394: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6361: 6352: 6339: 6333: 6332: 6304: 6298: 6297: 6279: 6270: 6269: 6237: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6213: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6202: 6179: 6173: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6133: 6124: 6123: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6060: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6032: 6026:. UNESCO. 2007. 6025: 6017: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6006: 6000: 5994:. UNESCO. 2007. 5993: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5962: 5956: 5949: 5943: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5902: 5896: 5895: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5869:on 2 April 2015. 5865:. 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Historically, 1984: 1981: 1975: 1959: 1958: 1951: 1913:Classical Arabic 1691: 1685: 1674: 1672: 1671: 1662: 1656: 1645: 1643: 1642: 1633: 1627: 1616: 1614: 1613: 1604: 1598: 1587: 1585: 1584: 1571: 1565: 1554: 1552: 1551: 1534: 1528: 1517: 1515: 1514: 1505: 1499: 1488: 1486: 1485: 1476: 1470: 1459: 1457: 1456: 1447: 1441: 1430: 1428: 1427: 1418: 1412: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1385: 1379: 1368: 1366: 1365: 1356: 1350: 1339: 1337: 1336: 1323: 1317: 1306: 1304: 1303: 1294: 1288: 1277: 1275: 1274: 1265: 1259: 1248: 1246: 1245: 1236: 1230: 1219: 1217: 1216: 1203: 1197: 1186: 1184: 1183: 1174: 1168: 1157: 1155: 1154: 1141: 1135: 1124: 1122: 1121: 1104: 1098: 1087: 1085: 1084: 1075: 1069: 1058: 1056: 1055: 1042: 1036: 1025: 1023: 1022: 1013: 958:in the Maghreb. 937: 936: 923: 922: 843: 802:Arab nationalism 730:form at least a 673: 667: 666: 656: 650: 649: 641:), formally the 639: 633: 610: 609: 599: 598: 588: 587: 577: 576: 566: 565: 555: 554: 544: 543: 533: 532: 522: 521: 511: 510: 439: 437: 436: 423: 421: 420: 395: 393: 392: 382: 380: 379: 369: 367: 366: 353: 351: 350: 340: 338: 337: 327: 325: 324: 314: 312: 311: 301: 299: 298: 288: 286: 285: 275: 273: 272: 262: 260: 259: 249: 247: 246: 236: 234: 233: 223: 221: 220: 210: 208: 207: 197: 195: 194: 184: 182: 181: 171: 169: 168: 158: 156: 155: 145: 143: 142: 132: 130: 129: 119: 117: 116: 103:sovereign states 70:$ 2.782 trillion 38: 31: 27: 8567: 8566: 8562: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8557: 8556: 8552:Eastern culture 8542:Arabic language 8497: 8496: 8495: 8490: 8472: 8408:Greater Morocco 8381: 8377:Pan-Arab colors 8372:Hawk of Quraish 8338: 8306: 8157:Arab Federation 8118: 8104:Abdullah Rimawi 8079:Mostéfa Merarda 8034:Muammar Gaddafi 8014:Ahmed Ben Bella 7989:Jamal al-Atassi 7979:Bashar al-Assad 7930: 7899: 7880:Black September 7758:Anglo-Iraqi War 7702: 7666: 7661: 7631: 7626: 7606: 7592:Hindustani list 7522:Other languages 7517: 7508:Scottish Gaelic 7489: 7449: 7391: 7341: 7285: 7272: 7269: 7220:— Arab articles 7187: 7177: 7096: 7094:Further reading 7068: 7035: 7006: 6966: 6923: 6890: 6858: 6832: 6827: 6817: 6815: 6800: 6796: 6789: 6762: 6758: 6749: 6745: 6732: 6731: 6727: 6717: 6715: 6710: 6709: 6705: 6686: 6682: 6674: 6667: 6661: 6654: 6641: 6640: 6636: 6627:Wayback Machine 6617: 6613: 6600: 6596: 6586: 6584: 6575: 6574: 6570: 6557: 6556: 6552: 6542: 6540: 6533: 6526: 6513: 6509: 6502: 6486: 6482: 6472: 6470: 6468: 6448: 6444: 6434: 6432: 6420: 6419: 6415: 6405: 6403: 6399: 6395:. Demographia. 6392: 6388: 6387: 6383: 6373: 6371: 6363: 6362: 6355: 6349:Wayback Machine 6340: 6336: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6280: 6273: 6250:10.2307/3010963 6238: 6231: 6221: 6219: 6215: 6214: 6210: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6180: 6176: 6167: 6163: 6156: 6134: 6127: 6096: 6092: 6071:(11): 119–127. 6061: 6046: 6036: 6034: 6030: 6023: 6019: 6018: 6014: 6004: 6002: 5998: 5991: 5987: 5986: 5982: 5972: 5970: 5963: 5959: 5951:Bernard Lewis, 5950: 5946: 5941:Wayback Machine 5931: 5927: 5917: 5903: 5899: 5892: 5878: 5874: 5855: 5851: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5824: 5810: 5806: 5796: 5794: 5785: 5784: 5780: 5767: 5765: 5764:on 15 July 2021 5756: 5755: 5751: 5736: 5722: 5718: 5708: 5706: 5693: 5692: 5688: 5678: 5676: 5671: 5670: 5666: 5656: 5654: 5644: 5643: 5639: 5634: 5630: 5614:Wayback Machine 5605: 5601: 5592: 5588: 5579: 5575: 5565: 5563: 5550: 5549: 5545: 5540: 5536: 5531: 5527: 5522: 5515: 5510: 5506: 5501: 5497: 5488: 5484: 5475: 5471: 5466: 5462: 5449: 5445: 5430: 5422:. Garnet publ. 5414: 5410: 5400: 5398: 5389: 5388: 5381: 5371: 5369: 5360: 5359: 5352: 5342: 5340: 5332: 5331: 5327: 5312: 5305: 5295: 5293: 5277: 5276: 5272: 5259: 5255: 5247: 5243: 5235: 5231: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5205:, p. 414, 5201:, vol. 2, 5195: 5191: 5181: 5179: 5169: 5168: 5164: 5154: 5152: 5144: 5143: 5139: 5124: 5108: 5104: 5089: 5073: 5069: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5044: 5028: 5024: 5017: 5001: 4997: 4982: 4978: 4972: 4955: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4932: 4931: 4927: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4903: 4901: 4896: 4895: 4888: 4875: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4811: 4804: 4801: 4744:strait between 4738:Sinai peninsula 4550: 4542: 4540: 4532: 4530: 4522: 4487: 4477:(665 km). 4406: 4396: 4385: 4379: 4376: 4361: 4345: 4330: 4319: 4313: 4310: 4295: 4283: 4279: 4272: 4202:'s border with 4155: 4041: 4028:Bashar al-Assad 4009:Mehdi Ben Barka 4005:Habib Bourguiba 3977:Ahmed Ben Bella 3893: 3885: 3877:civil liberties 3858:Damascus Spring 3751:Democracy Index 3699: 3615: 3589: 3577:Main articles: 3575: 3553:(TFG) in 2004. 3535: 3529: 3516: 3510: 3493: 3487: 3474: 3468: 3436: 3430: 3391:State of Israel 3372: 3366: 3344:holy cities of 3269:of most of the 3251: 3246: 3240: 3199:(left) for the 3193:Ahmed Ben Bella 3181: 3171: 3129:Somali Republic 2976: 2942:Egyptian Arabic 2892:Central Semitic 2860: 2854: 2849: 2843: 2547: 2541: 2532: 2524: 2522:Child marriages 2493: 2487: 2371: 2365: 2330: 2319: 2313: 2310: 2291: 2282:This section's 2278: 2274: 2211:schoolgirls in 2202: 2196: 2130:Arab Christians 2064:There are also 2033:, however, are 1998:mass prayer in 1985: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1960: 1956: 1949: 1921:Arabic dialects 1911:, derived from 1905: 1899: 1881:also recognize 1743:Literary Arabic 1739:Arabic dialects 1710: 1708:Arabic language 1704: 1669: 1667: 1640: 1638: 1611: 1609: 1582: 1580: 1549: 1547: 1512: 1510: 1483: 1481: 1454: 1452: 1425: 1423: 1396: 1394: 1363: 1361: 1334: 1332: 1301: 1299: 1272: 1270: 1243: 1241: 1214: 1212: 1181: 1179: 1152: 1150: 1119: 1117: 1082: 1080: 1053: 1051: 1020: 1018: 1011: 1005: 970: 964: 906:Standard Arabic 892: 872:Sicilian Arabic 864:Southern Europe 822: 719:is used as the 689:Northern Africa 616: 604: 603: 593: 592: 582: 581: 571: 570: 560: 559: 549: 548: 538: 537: 527: 526: 516: 515: 505: 502: 501: 445: 434: 432: 418: 416: 410: 409: 407:de facto states 401: 390: 388: 377: 375: 364: 362: 348: 346: 335: 333: 322: 320: 309: 307: 296: 294: 283: 281: 270: 268: 257: 255: 244: 242: 231: 229: 218: 216: 205: 203: 192: 190: 179: 177: 166: 164: 153: 151: 140: 138: 127: 125: 114: 112: 106: 105: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8565: 8555: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8522:Horn of Africa 8519: 8514: 8509: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8488: 8477: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8389: 8387: 8386:Related topics 8383: 8382: 8380: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8348: 8346: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8336: 8329: 8322: 8314: 8312: 8308: 8307: 8305: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8252:Islamic Legion 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8142:Al-Mourabitoun 8139: 8134: 8128: 8126: 8120: 8119: 8117: 8116: 8111: 8109:Hamdeen Sabahi 8106: 8101: 8099:Fuad al-Rikabi 8096: 8091: 8089:Adnan Pachachi 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8059:Saddam Hussein 8056: 8051: 8049:Sati' al-Husri 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7984:Hafez al-Assad 7981: 7976: 7974:Zaki al-Arsuzi 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7940: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7929: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7907: 7905: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7855:Aden Emergency 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7800:Iraqi Intifada 7797: 7792: 7791: 7790: 7785: 7783:Yom Kippur War 7780: 7775: 7770: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7744: 7743: 7733: 7728: 7727: 7726: 7716: 7710: 7708: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7678:Arab socialism 7674: 7672: 7668: 7667: 7660: 7659: 7652: 7645: 7637: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7605: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7578: 7577: 7567: 7562: 7561: 7560: 7550: 7549: 7548: 7538: 7537: 7536: 7525: 7523: 7519: 7518: 7516: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7499: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7487: 7482: 7481: 7480: 7470: 7465: 7459: 7457: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7435: 7434: 7433: 7423: 7422: 7421: 7416: 7405: 7403: 7397: 7396: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7389: 7388: 7387: 7379: 7378: 7377: 7367: 7366: 7365: 7360: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7334: 7333: 7332: 7322: 7321: 7320: 7315: 7304: 7302: 7293: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7283: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7268: 7267: 7260: 7253: 7245: 7239: 7238: 7227: 7221: 7215: 7210: 7204: 7198: 7193: 7186: 7185:External links 7183: 7182: 7181: 7175: 7159: 7147:Tausch, Arno. 7145: 7130: 7109: 7107:Monthly Review 7095: 7092: 7091: 7090: 7072: 7066: 7039: 7033: 7010: 7004: 6985: 6970: 6964: 6945: 6927: 6921: 6894: 6888: 6862: 6856: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6825: 6808:Alarabiya News 6794: 6787: 6765:Lewis, Bernard 6756: 6752:World Factbook 6743: 6725: 6703: 6680: 6652: 6634: 6611: 6594: 6583:on 10 May 2011 6568: 6550: 6524: 6520:Westview Press 6507: 6500: 6480: 6466: 6442: 6413: 6381: 6353: 6334: 6299: 6293:978-9774160653 6292: 6271: 6229: 6208: 6194: 6174: 6161: 6154: 6125: 6106:(2): 225–245. 6090: 6044: 6012: 5980: 5957: 5944: 5925: 5915: 5897: 5890: 5872: 5849: 5832: 5822: 5804: 5778: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5716: 5686: 5664: 5637: 5628: 5599: 5586: 5573: 5543: 5534: 5525: 5513: 5504: 5495: 5482: 5469: 5460: 5443: 5428: 5408: 5379: 5350: 5325: 5303: 5270: 5253: 5241: 5229: 5217: 5211: 5189: 5162: 5137: 5122: 5102: 5087: 5067: 5049: 5043:978-0745637365 5042: 5022: 5015: 4995: 4976: 4953: 4939: 4925: 4911: 4886: 4881:indexmundi.com 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4800: 4797: 4748:in Africa and 4589:Western Sahara 4581:Atlantic Ocean 4561:, most of the 4541: 4531: 4521: 4495:Horn of Africa 4486: 4483: 4402:Main article: 4398: 4397: 4380:September 2023 4348: 4346: 4339: 4332: 4331: 4314:September 2023 4286: 4284: 4277: 4271: 4268: 4154: 4151: 4040: 4037: 4024:Hafez al-Assad 3989:Zaki al-Arsuzi 3892: 3889: 3884: 3881: 3873:Mubarak regime 3856:In Syria, the 3707:Saddam Hussein 3698: 3697:Recent history 3695: 3665:rentier states 3640:as a route to 3634:British Empire 3614: 3611: 3574: 3571: 3531:Main article: 3528: 3525: 3512:Main article: 3509: 3506: 3489:Main article: 3486: 3483: 3470:Main article: 3467: 3464: 3432:Main article: 3429: 3426: 3418:Yom Kippur War 3384:Yom Kippur War 3365: 3362: 3250: 3247: 3242:Main article: 3239: 3236: 3170: 3167: 3086:Trucial States 3078:French Algeria 3074:French Tunisia 3058:Mandatory Iraq 2995:Ottoman Empire 2975: 2972: 2853: 2850: 2845:Main article: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2791: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2757: 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term 821: 818: 810:Ottoman Empire 756:Atlantic Ocean 711:, among other 618: 617: 615: 614: 499: 498: 497: 492: 491:Largest cities 488: 487: 478: 471: 470: 461: 457: 456: 451: 447: 446: 444: 443: 430: 427: 414: 404: 403: 402: 400: 399: 386: 373: 360: 357: 344: 331: 318: 305: 292: 279: 266: 253: 240: 227: 214: 201: 188: 175: 162: 149: 136: 123: 110: 100: 99: 98: 96: 92: 91: 86: 80: 79: 76: 75:GDP per capita 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 44: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8564: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8504: 8502: 8487: 8479: 8478: 8475: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8418:Greater Yemen 8416: 8414: 8413:Greater Syria 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8384: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8345: 8341: 8335: 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7942: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7936:Personalities 7933: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7911:Arab identity 7909: 7908: 7906: 7902: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7825:Arab Cold War 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7765: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7742: 7739: 7738: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7705: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7658: 7653: 7651: 7646: 7644: 7639: 7638: 7635: 7623: 7622: 7613: 7612: 7609: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7576: 7573: 7572: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7559: 7556: 7555: 7554: 7551: 7547: 7544: 7543: 7542: 7539: 7535: 7532: 7531: 7530: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7520: 7514: 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Reports 6236: 6234: 6218: 6212: 6197: 6191: 6187: 6186: 6178: 6171: 6165: 6157: 6155:9780253031730 6151: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6132: 6130: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6094: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6029: 6022: 6016: 5997: 5990: 5984: 5968: 5961: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5938: 5935: 5929: 5922: 5918: 5916:9780429962004 5912: 5908: 5901: 5893: 5891:9781440839337 5887: 5883: 5876: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5853: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5829: 5825: 5823:9781475903423 5819: 5815: 5808: 5792: 5788: 5782: 5775: 5763: 5759: 5753: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5734: 5731: 5727: 5726:Phares, Walid 5720: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5690: 5674: 5668: 5653: 5652: 5647: 5641: 5632: 5625: 5621: 5620: 5615: 5611: 5608: 5603: 5596: 5593:Colin Legum, 5590: 5583: 5577: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5547: 5538: 5529: 5520: 5518: 5508: 5499: 5492: 5491:Arab folklore 5486: 5479: 5473: 5464: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5429:1-85964-136-9 5425: 5421: 5420: 5412: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5384: 5367: 5363: 5357: 5355: 5339: 5335: 5329: 5321: 5317: 5310: 5308: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5283:The Economist 5280: 5274: 5267: 5263: 5257: 5250: 5245: 5238: 5233: 5226: 5221: 5214: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5193: 5178: 5177: 5172: 5166: 5151: 5147: 5141: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5115: 5114: 5106: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5088:0-89526-706-3 5084: 5080: 5079: 5071: 5063: 5059: 5053: 5045: 5039: 5035: 5034: 5026: 5018: 5012: 5008: 5007: 4999: 4991: 4987: 4980: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4950:. World Bank. 4949: 4943: 4936:. World Bank. 4935: 4929: 4922:. World Bank. 4921: 4915: 4899: 4893: 4891: 4882: 4878: 4872: 4868: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4814: 4808: 4803: 4796: 4794: 4789: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4770: 4768: 4765:, to rain on 4764: 4760: 4754: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4742:Bab-el-Mandeb 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4718: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4656: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4595:unilaterally 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4548: 4538: 4528: 4520:'s expansion 4519: 4514: 4510: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4482: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4467: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4440: 4439: 4433: 4429: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4417: 4416: 4411: 4405: 4394: 4391: 4383: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4349:This section 4347: 4343: 4338: 4337: 4328: 4325: 4317: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4287:This section 4285: 4276: 4275: 4267: 4263: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4223: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4174: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4149: 4144: 4142: 4136: 4133: 4132:Gertrude Bell 4127: 4123: 4118: 4116: 4111: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4088:nation states 4085: 4081: 4076: 4074: 4073:Libyan desert 4070: 4066: 4062: 4061:Mediterranean 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4036: 4034: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4016: 4014: 4013:Shakib Arslan 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3906: 3903:+3 summit in 3902: 3897: 3888: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3863:In 2003, the 3861: 3859: 3854: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3827: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3772:Freedom House 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3752: 3747: 3743: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3711:Firdos Square 3709:'s statue in 3708: 3703: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3642:British India 3639: 3635: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3610: 3608: 3604: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3570: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3554: 3552: 3546: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3524: 3521: 3515: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3492: 3482: 3479: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3455: 3453: 3452:Iran–Iraq War 3445: 3444:Iran–Iraq War 3440: 3435: 3434:Iran–Iraq War 3428:Iran–Iraq War 3425: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3330:Jebel Shammar 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3310:Jebel Shammar 3307: 3302: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3275:House of Saud 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3228: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3179:Arab Cold War 3176: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3142:By contrast, 3140: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3127:in 1958, the 3126: 3123:in 1956, the 3122: 3118: 3115:in 1952, the 3114: 3111:in 1951, the 3110: 3107:in 1946, the 3106: 3102: 3099:in 1943, the 3098: 3094: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3070:Italian Libya 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3044: 3040: 3039:Egyptian Army 3036: 3032: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3015: 3011: 3010:Saadi dynasty 3007: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2920:Syrian Desert 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2898:and northern 2897: 2893: 2889: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2852:Early history 2848: 2833: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790:Saudi Arabia 2789: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634:Saudi Arabia 2633: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2546: 2536: 2535:reaches 70%. 2527: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2482: 2480: 2475: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2427: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2413:Elsewhere in 2411: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2370: 2363:Film industry 2360: 2357: 2354:published an 2353: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2328: 2325: 2317: 2314:December 2022 2307: 2303: 2302:inappropriate 2299: 2295: 2289: 2287: 2280: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2253: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2219:According to 2214: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1983: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1953: 1952: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1925:Islamic world 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1904: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1831:Iranian Arabs 1828: 1824: 1822: 1817: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1723: 1718: 1716: 1709: 1692: 1690: 1681: 1677: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1652: 1648: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1623: 1619: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1594: 1590: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1570: 1561: 1557: 1546: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1535: 1533: 1524: 1520: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1495: 1491: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1466: 1462: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1437: 1433: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1408: 1404: 1393: 1390: 1386: 1384: 1375: 1371: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1346: 1342: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1313: 1309: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1284: 1280: 1269: 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Retrieved 6807: 6797: 6775:Random House 6769: 6759: 6746: 6738:the original 6728: 6716:. Retrieved 6706: 6698:the original 6693: 6683: 6672:the original 6637: 6629: 6620:"Religions." 6614: 6597: 6585:. Retrieved 6581:the original 6571: 6562: 6553: 6541:. Retrieved 6515: 6510: 6490: 6483: 6471:. Retrieved 6456: 6452: 6445: 6433:. Retrieved 6425: 6416: 6404:. Retrieved 6384: 6372:. Retrieved 6368: 6337: 6315:(1): 46–48. 6312: 6308: 6302: 6283: 6244:(52): 4–12. 6241: 6220:. Retrieved 6211: 6199:. Retrieved 6184: 6177: 6169: 6168:Armes, Roy. 6164: 6137: 6103: 6099: 6093: 6068: 6064: 6035:. Retrieved 6015: 6003:. Retrieved 5983: 5971:. Retrieved 5960: 5952: 5947: 5932:Lewis 1994, 5928: 5920: 5906: 5900: 5881: 5875: 5867:the original 5863:Arabia Times 5862: 5852: 5844: 5835: 5827: 5813: 5807: 5795:. Retrieved 5791:the original 5781: 5773: 5766:. Retrieved 5762:the original 5752: 5741: 5719: 5707:. Retrieved 5703:the original 5698: 5689: 5677:. Retrieved 5667: 5655:. Retrieved 5649: 5640: 5635:Rinnawi: xvi 5631: 5617: 5602: 5594: 5589: 5581: 5576: 5564:. Retrieved 5555: 5546: 5537: 5528: 5523:Kronholm: 14 5507: 5498: 5490: 5485: 5477: 5472: 5463: 5455: 5451: 5450:Wehr, Hans: 5446: 5418: 5411: 5399:. Retrieved 5394: 5370:. Retrieved 5365: 5341:. Retrieved 5337: 5328: 5322:. p. 1. 5315: 5294:. Retrieved 5282: 5273: 5265: 5261: 5256: 5251:. Ethnologue 5244: 5239:. Ethnologue 5232: 5227:. Ethnologue 5220: 5198: 5192: 5180:. Retrieved 5174: 5165: 5153:. Retrieved 5149: 5140: 5112: 5105: 5077: 5070: 5061: 5052: 5032: 5025: 5005: 4998: 4989: 4979: 4942: 4928: 4914: 4902:. Retrieved 4900:. World Bank 4880: 4871: 4857:Muslim world 4813:World portal 4790: 4786:Indian Ocean 4771: 4755: 4719: 4684: 4657: 4621: 4578: 4575: 4556: 4553: 4488: 4479: 4468: 4464:Saudi Arabia 4444: 4436: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4410:North Africa 4407: 4386: 4377: 4362:Please help 4350: 4320: 4311: 4288: 4264: 4256:South Africa 4244:Saudi Arabia 4242: 4239: 4189: 4177: 4173:Muslim world 4170: 4146: 4143:, has said: 4138: 4129: 4125: 4120: 4112: 4077: 4042: 4033:Arab Muslims 4017: 4015:of Lebanon. 4007:of Tunisia, 3981:Michel Aflaq 3979:of Algeria, 3928:World War II 3925: 3910: 3886: 3868: 3862: 3855: 3843: 3828: 3815:Saudi Arabia 3800: 3749: 3739: 3675:Pan-Islamism 3669: 3661:raw material 3657:Persian Gulf 3654: 3631: 3600: 3555: 3547: 3536: 3517: 3502: 3494: 3475: 3456: 3449: 3420:of 1973. An 3403: 3388: 3306:Ottoman Iraq 3303: 3290: 3278: 3252: 3232:Pan-Islamism 3229: 3206: 3156: 3144:Saudi Arabia 3141: 3093:World War II 3090: 3047: 3018: 2992: 2982:fell to the 2977: 2961: 2946: 2936: 2885: 2551:city propers 2548: 2533: 2525: 2506: 2476: 2472: 2445: 2441: 2430: 2423: 2415:North Africa 2412: 2372: 2349: 2335: 2320: 2311: 2296:by removing 2283: 2258: 2254: 2218: 2134: 2098:North Africa 2063: 2051:Saudi Arabia 2004: 1977: 1965: 1906: 1897:Demographics 1825: 1818: 1803: 1792: 1777: 1769:Afro-Asiatic 1751: 1736: 1719: 1711: 1686: 1657: 1628: 1599: 1566: 1529: 1500: 1490:Saudi Arabia 1471: 1442: 1413: 1380: 1351: 1318: 1289: 1260: 1231: 1198: 1169: 1136: 1099: 1070: 1037: 994: 990: 982: 971: 935:ٱلْعَامِيَّة 929: 913: 902:genealogical 895: 893: 858: 834:Arab regions 833: 825: 823: 795: 780: 768:Indian Ocean 725: 685:Western Asia 680: 676: 668: 659: 651: 642: 634: 623: 621: 450:Dependencies 290:Saudi Arabia 25: 8527:Middle East 8147:Arab Ba'ath 8069:Salah Jadid 7926:Arabization 7773:Six-Day War 7768:Suez Crisis 7714:Arab Revolt 7693:Pan-Arabism 7587:Esperantujo 7570:Malay world 7553:Persosphere 6844:Norderstedt 6609:, pages 6–8 6587:13 February 6453:Hans Kung, 5973:23 November 5709:28 November 5401:13 February 5372:13 February 5296:20 November 4837:Arab League 4774:East Africa 4676:Middle Ages 4617:West Africa 4516:Map of the 4135:Jordanians. 3960:North Yemen 3932:Pan-Arabism 3754:classifies 3748:. The 2016 3736:, June 2015 3579:Arab Spring 3573:Arab Spring 3414:Six-Day War 3410:Suez Crisis 3408:, the 1956 3209:Pan-Arabism 3050:World War I 2858:Arabization 2742:Kuwait City 2645:100–200 AD 2590:16,225,000 2568:Population 2479:Middle East 2419:Middle East 2375:Arab cinema 2369:Arab cinema 2209:Palestinian 2185:pre-Islamic 2023:Sunni Islam 1996:Eid al-Fitr 1778:Similarly, 978:Arab League 968:Arab League 921:الدَّارِجَة 820:Terminology 814:Pan-Arabism 806:nationalist 760:Arabian Sea 740:Arab League 681:Arab states 660:Arab nation 454:Arab League 54:456,520,777 21:Arab League 8507:Arab world 8501:Categories 8311:Literature 8004:Tariq Aziz 7921:Arab world 7916:Arab Union 7845:Dhofar War 7597:Tamil list 7565:Indosphere 7529:Arab world 7463:Macedonian 7414:Anglophone 7308:Portuguese 7300:Iberophone 7235:Arab world 7207:Araboo.com 7099:Ajl, Max. 6956:Copenhagen 6777:. p. 6718:17 October 6543:23 October 6473:17 October 6222:5 February 6201:2 February 5768:17 January 5679:17 October 5657:24 October 5566:13 October 5556:archive.ph 5532:Rejwan: 52 5502:Baumann: 8 5343:2 November 5176:Ethnologue 4864:References 4782:Madagascar 4778:Mozambique 4645:Alexandria 4605:Nouakchott 4601:Mauritania 4298:improve it 4196:Mauritania 4057:Al-Maqrizi 4022:of Libya, 3999:of Syria, 3975:of Egypt, 3917:monarchies 3913:government 3879:in Egypt. 3846:Al Jazeera 3780:Mauritania 3638:Suez Canal 3562:Al-Shabaab 3380:Suez Canal 3312:under the 3263:sheikhdoms 2970:elements. 2916:Ghassanids 2904:Nabataeans 2824:3,805,000 2798:3,875,000 2772:4,370,000 2768:Casablanca 2746:4,660,000 2720:4,870,000 2716:Alexandria 2694:4,995,000 2668:5,345,000 2642:6,030,000 2616:7,960,000 2347:at 73.6%. 1933:vernacular 1885:under the 1861:recognize 1773:loan words 1761:Somaliland 1383:al-Maghrib 1341:Mauritania 1073:al-Baḥrayn 1040:al-Jazā’ir 890:Definition 830:Al Maqdisi 783:World Bank 677:Arabsphere 624:Arab world 590:Casablanca 546:Alexandria 460:Time zones 441:Somaliland 225:Mauritania 51:Population 29:Arab world 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