Malayalam - Knowledge

6968:→ Kr̥ṣṇan. The final /n/ is dropped before masculine surnames, honorifics, or titles ending in /an/ and beginning with a consonant other than /n/ – e.g., "Krishna Menon", "Krishna Kaniyaan" etc., but "Krishnan Ezhutthachan". Surnames ending with /ar/ or /aḷ/ (where these are plural forms of "an" denoting respect) are treated similarly – "Krishna Pothuval", "Krishna Chakyar", but "Krishnan Nair", "Krishnan Nambiar", as are Sanskrit surnames such "Varma(n)", "Sharma(n)", or "Gupta(n)" (rare) – e.g., "Krishna Varma", "Krishna Sharman". If a name is a compound, only the last element undergoes this transformation – e.g., "Kr̥ṣṇa" + "dēva" = "Kr̥ṣṇadēvan", not "Kr̥ṣṇandēvan". 8475: 1667: 80: 1252: 9911: 817: 7107: 9327: 8334: 9464: 15224: 8531: 7039:") or "Prabhō" (for "Prabhu" – "Lord"). This is restricted to certain contexts – mainly when addressing deities or other exalted individuals, so a normal man named Hari would usually be addressed using a Malayalam vocative such as "Harī". The Sanskrit genitive is also occasionally found in Malayalam poetry, especially the personal pronouns "mama" ("my" or "mine") and "tava" ("thy" or "thine"). Other cases are less common and generally restricted to the realm of Maṇipravāḷam. 7002:" is actually "karman") are also changed. The original root is ignored and "karma" (the form in Malayalam being "karmam" because it ends in a short /a/) is taken as the basic form of the noun when declining. However, this does not apply to all consonant stems, as "unchangeable" stems such as "manas" ("mind") and "suhr̥t" ("friend") are identical to the Malayalam nominative singular forms (although the regularly derived "manam" sometimes occurs as an alternative to "manas"). 8602: 15083:"*aH and *iH are demonstrative adjectives reconstructed for Proto-Dravidian, as they show variation in vowel length. When they occur in isolation they occur as ā, and ī but when they are followed by a consonant initial word then they appear as a- and i- as in Ta. appoẓutu 'that time'., : Te. appuḍu id. and Ta. ippoẓutu 'that time'., : Te.ippuḍu id. However, Modern Tamil has replaced ā, and ī with anda and inda but most Dravidian languages have preserved it." 9764: 15156: 9289: 15241: 730: 15207: 15190: 3422: 53: 9496: 20330: 9750: 15173: 3492: 19174: 672: 15074:"Prior to this relatively modern coining of "Malayalam", the identity is even more fraught, for Kerala folk more usually referred to their language as "Tamil", just as those in the dominant kingdoms of Tamilnadu, east of the Western Ghats, had from the early centuries C.E. Use of the label "Tamil" continued to overlap with that of "Malayalam" into the colonial period". 10868: 7177:

of Kerala. It is syllabic in the sense that the sequence of graphic elements means that syllables have to be read as units, though in this system the elements representing individual vowels and consonants are for the most part readily identifiable. In the 1960s Malayalam dispensed with many special

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words in common use. These were incorporated via borrowing before the separation of Malayalam and Tamil. As the language did not then accommodate Sanskrit phonology as it now does, words were changed to conform to the Old Tamil phonological system, for example "Kr̥ṣṇa" → "Kaṇṇan". Most of his works

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who, according to poet Ulloor S Parameswara Iyer, was Sree Veerarama Varman, a king of southern Kerala from AD 1195 to 1208. However the claim that it was written in Southern Kerala is expired on the basis of new discoveries. Other experts, like Chirakkal T Balakrishnan Nair, K.M. George, M. M.

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Labels such as "Nampoothiri Dialect", "Mappila Dialect", and "Nasrani Dialect" refer to overall patterns constituted by the sub-dialects spoken by the subcastes or sub-groups of each such caste. The most outstanding features of the major communal dialects of Malayalam are summarized below:

3248:. According to the Indian census of 2011, there were 32,413,213 speakers of Malayalam in Kerala, making up 93.2% of the total number of Malayalam speakers in India, and 97.03% of the total population of the state. There were a further 701,673 (1.14% of the total number) in 10857: 9684:(Pathumma's Goat) brought in a new kind of prose tale, which perhaps only Basheer could handle with dexterity. The fifties thus mark the evolution of a new kind of fiction, which had its impact on the short stories as well. This was the auspicious moment for the entry of 5121:, their distribution is unpredictable e.g. it doesn't palatalize in vikkŭ but does in irikkŭ. If the palatalization is from /j/ it is sometimes deleted e.g. poykko can be or , aḍaykka as or . Some of the northern dialects might pronounce them without palatalization. 733: 8496:, was imported into the southwest coast of India in the 8th or 9th century, which was then modified in course of time in this secluded area, where communication with the east coast was very limited. It later evolved into Tigalari-Malayalam script was used by the 10534:

Malayalam is spoken along the Malabar coast, on the western side of the Ghauts, or Malaya range of mountains, from the vicinity of Kumbla near Mangalore, where it supersedes Tuļu, to Kanyakumari, where it begins to be superseded by Tamil. (Pages 6, 16, 20,

7190:. The earlier style of writing has been superseded by a new style as of 1981. This new script reduces the different letters for typesetting from 900 to fewer than 90. This was mainly done to include Malayalam in the keyboards of typewriters and computers. 3834:

in Malayalam. Therefore, it has no independent vowel letter (because it never occurs at the beginning of words) but, when it comes after a consonant, there are various ways of representing it. In medieval times, it was just represented with the symbol for

9354:, (1814–1893), a German missionary and scholar of exceptional linguistic talents, played a distinguishable role in the development of Malayalam literature. His major works are Keralolpathi (1843), Pazhancholmala (1845), Malayalabhaasha Vyakaranam (1851), 8504:. This script split into two scripts: Tigalari and Malayalam. While Malayalam script was extended and modified to write vernacular language Malayalam, the Tigalari was written for Sanskrit only. In Malabar, this writing system was termed Arya-eluttu ( 5550:

paradigms for some common nouns and pronouns are given below. As Malayalam is an agglutinative language, it is difficult to delineate the cases strictly and determine how many there are, although seven or eight is the generally accepted number.

5486:/manuʂjaɾellaːʋaɾum t̪uljaːʋakaːʃaŋŋaɭoːʈum an̪t̪assoːʈum sʋaːt̪an̪tɾjat̪t̪oːʈuŋkuːʈi d͡ʒanit͡ʃt͡ʃiʈʈuɭɭaʋaɾaːɳɨ̆ ǁ anjoːnjam bʱraːt̪rɨ̆bʱaːʋat̪t̪oːʈe peɾumaːruʋaːnaːɳɨ̆ manuʂjanɨ̆ ʋiʋeːkabud̪d̪ʱijum manasaːkʂijum sid̪d̪ʱamaːjiɾikkun̪ːat̪ɨ̆ ǁ/ 12663: 12423: 1393:

dates back to year 825 CE. It is generally agreed that the western coastal dialect of Tamil began to separate, diverge, and grow as a distinct language due to geographical separation of Kerala from the Tamil country and the influence of

863:), and is also the primary spoken language of Lakshadweep. Malayalam is spoken by 35 million people in India. Malayalam is also spoken by linguistic minorities in the neighbouring states; with a significant number of speakers in the 10755: 10618: 12180: 20177: 1460:

had several features distinct from the contemporary Tamil, which include the nasalisation of adjoining sounds, substitution of palatal sounds for dental sounds, contraction of vowels, and the rejection of gender verbs.

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Malayalam script consists of a total of 578 characters. The script contains 52 letters including 16 vowels and 36 consonants, which forms 576 syllabic characters, and contains two additional diacritic characters named

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forms of these names, although in Sanskrit the vocative actually takes a short /i/. There are also a small number of nominative /ī/ endings that have not been shortened – a prominent example being the word "strī" for

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Loanwords with /z/ are replaced with /s/ and not with /d͡ʒ/ like in Hindi or Telugu e.g. /brasi:l/ English "Brazil" unless it was loaned through Hindi then the Hindi pronunciation is taken e.g. /d͡ʒilla/ Hi.

1943:, which were used to write the inscriptions and literary works of Old and Middle Malayalam. He further eliminated excess and unnecessary letters from the modified script. Hence, Ezhuthachan is also known as 13944: 13360: 8460:. By the 19th century, old scripts like Kolezhuthu had been supplanted by Arya-eluttu – that is the current Malayalam script. Nowadays, it is widely used in the press of the Malayali population in Kerala. 13572: 5000:. However, both sounds are extensively used in current colloquial and official Malayalam, and although they were allophones in Old Malayalam, they now occasionally contrast in gemination – for example, 13541: 6991:" (stem "Brahman") → "Brahmāvŭ". When the same nouns are declined in the neuter and take a short /a/ ending in Sanskrit, Malayalam adds an additional /m/, e.g. "Brahma" (neuter nominative singular of " 2021:, developed after the latter-half of the 18th century CE. Modern literary movements in Malayalam literature began in the late 19th century with the rise of the famous Modern Triumvirate consisting of 732: 10949: 12127: 5478:

manuṣyarellāvaruṁ tulyāvakāśaṅṅaḷōṭuṁ antassōṭuṁ svātantryattōṭuṅkūṭi janicciṭṭuḷḷavarāṇ‌ŭ. anyōnyaṁ bhrātr̥bhāvattōṭe perumāṟuvānāṇ‌ŭ manuṣyanŭ vivēkabuddhiyuṁ manasākṣiyuṁ siddhamāyirikkunnat‌ŭ.

8431:, and as such, did not have letters for voiced or aspirated consonants used in Sanskrit but not used in Tamil. For this reason, Vatteluttu and the Grantha alphabet were sometimes mixed, as in the 2493:. The speech of the educated section among Syrian Christians and that of those who are close to the church are peculiar in having a number of assimilated as well as unassimilated loan words from 12417: 7021:" becomes "Anantan" even though both are sentient. This does not strictly correspond to the Sanskrit neuter gender, as both "Narasiṃha" and "Ananta" are masculine nouns in the original Sanskrit. 5468:മനുഷ്യരെല്ലാവരും തുല്യാവകാശങ്ങളോടും അന്തസ്സോടും സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യത്തോടുംകൂടി ജനിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളവരാണ്‌. അന്യോന്യം ഭ്രാതൃഭാവത്തോടെ പെരുമാറുവാനാണ്‌ മനുഷ്യന് വിവേകബുദ്ധിയും മനസാക്ഷിയും സിദ്ധമായിരിക്കുന്നത്‌. 3433: 17061: 818: 81: 16926: 9517:

The third quarter of the 19th century CE bore witness to the rise of a new school of poets devoted to the observation of life around them and the use of pure Malayalam. The major poets of the

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Some authors say that Malayalam has no diphthongs and /ai̯, au̯/ are clusters of V+glide j/ʋ while others consider all V+glide clusters to be diphthongs /ai̯, aːi̯, au̯, ei̯, oi̯, i̯a/ as in

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In all, Malayalis made up 3.22% of the total Indian population in 2011. Of the total 34,713,130 Malayalam speakers in India in 2011, 33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects, 19,643 spoke the

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sometime between the 9th and 13th centuries. A second view argues for the development of the two languages out of "Proto-Dravidian" or "Proto-Tamil-Malayalam" in the prehistoric era. The

9961: 13663: 12170: 8449:), dates back to the 12th century, where the earliest form of the Malayalam script was used, which seems to have been systematized to some extent by the first half of the 13th century. 7013:

word-combining rules) in the neuter nominative. However, "things and animals" and "people" are not always differentiated based on whether or not they are sentient beings; for example, "

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But the period of the earliest available literary document cannot be the sole criterion used to determine the antiquity of a language. In its early literature, Malayalam has songs,

3946:, au) although these mostly occur only in Sanskrit loanwords. Traditionally (as in Sanskrit), four vocalic consonants (usually pronounced in Malayalam as consonants followed by the 15108: 14518: 9549:(1839–1897) and Perunlli Krishnan Vaidyan (1863–1894). The Venmani school pioneered a style of poetry that was associated with common day themes, and the use of pure Malayalam ( 7009:" → "Rāmāyaṇam". In most cases, this is actually the same as the Sanskrit accusative case ending, which is also /m/ (or, allophonically, anusvara due to the requirements of the 5528:. Verbs are conjugated for tense, mood and aspect, but not for person, gender nor number except in archaic or poetic language. The modern Malayalam grammar is based on the book 10011: 5204:

changes part-way through, perhaps explaining why it behaves as both a rhotic and a lateral, both an approximant and a fricative, but the nature of the change is not understood.

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Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.

3435: 12324: 12035: 14288: 7032:" etc. are declined with the Sanskrit stem acting as the Malayalam nominative singular (the Sanskrit nominative singular is formed by adding a visarga, e.g., as in "Viṣṇuḥ") 10063: 5458:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

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The unaspirated alveolar stop also had a separate character ⟨ഺ⟩ but it has become obsolete, as the sound only occurs in geminate form (when geminated it is written with a

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Some speakers also have /æː/, /ɔː/, /ə/ from English loanwords e.g. /bæːŋgɨ̆/ "bank" but most speakers replace it with /aː/, /eː/ or /ja/; /oː/ or /aː/ and /e/ or /a/.

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is 51,100, which is only 0.15% of the total number, but is as much as about 84% of the population of Lakshadweep. Malayalam was the most spoken language in erstwhile

13840: 11390: 13786: 5348:; the dentals do not clash with English loans with /t, d/, which are replaced with or though is rare because of the limited distribution natively e.g. "taxi" as 12014:

Subramoniam, V. I. (1997). Dravidian encyclopaedia. vol. 3, Language and literature. Thiruvananthapuram: International School of Dravidian Linguistics. Cit-P-487.

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Subramoniam, V. I. (1997). Dravidian encyclopaedia. vol. 3, Language and literature. Thiruvananthapuram: International School of Dravidian Linguistics. Cit-P-487.

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works, which dates back to 16th–17th centuries, are also very closer to modern Malayalam language. P. Shangunny Menon ascribes the authorship of the medieval work

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was very prominent in formal Malayalam used in the medieval literature. Malayalam has a substantially high number of Sanskrit loanwords but these are seldom used.

17310: 16913: 3992:, l̥̄). Except for the first, the other three have been omitted from the current script used in Kerala as there are no words in current Malayalam that use them. 3373:, the United States, and Europe. There were 179,860 speakers of Malayalam in the United States, according to the 2000 census, with the highest concentrations in 8780:

to the late 20th century betrays varying degrees of the fusion of the three different strands. The oldest examples of Pattu and Manipravalam, respectively, are

4989:/ can either be postalveolar or alveolo-palatal depending upon the speaker and dialect; the postalveolar and alveolo-palatal realizations are in free variation. 13564: 13533: 11196: 9228:

is the modern spoken form of Malayalam. It appears to be the first literary work written in the present-day language of Malayalam. During the 16th century CE,

11011:, p. 682: " Malayalam emerged from Proto-Tamil–Malayalam; divergence occurred over a period of four or five centuries, from the 8th century onward". 1346:

and Malayalam developed during the prehistoric period from a common ancestor, "Proto-Tamil-Malayalam", and that the notion of Malayalam being a "daughter" of

20182: 10933: 5080:, Malayalam still retains both forms in words like eṉṉuṭe and eṉṟe though the former is dated, a similar process happened in some Sri Lankan Tamil dialects. 8427:

Vatteluttu was in general use, but was not suitable for literature where many Sanskrit words were used. Like Tamil-Brahmi, it was originally used to write

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once had a separate character ⟨ഩ⟩ that is now obsolete and the sound is now almost always represented by the symbol that was originally used only for the

3434: 14591: 13159: 11027:(Malayalam ed.). Kozhikode: P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode. 2018. p. 450. 10454:(Malayalam ed.). Kozhikode: P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode. 2018. p. 454. 3326:. As per the 1991 census data, 28.85% of all Malayalam speakers in India spoke a second language and 19.64% of the total knew three or more languages. 2065:

have assumed greater socio-literary significance after his death and Edasseri is now recognised as an important poet of Malayalam. Later, writers like

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Freeman, Rich (2003). "Genre and Society: The Literary Culture of Premodern Kerala". In Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia

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Per Barbosa, Malabar begins at the point where the kingdom of Narasyngua or Vijayanagar ends, that is at Cumbola (Cambola) on the Chandragiri river.

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emerged from the 14th century onwards. It mixed poetry with prose and used a vocabulary strongly influenced by Sanskrit, with themes from epics and

8914:). Folk songs are the oldest literary form in Malayalam. They were just oral songs. Many of them were related to agricultural activities, including 6979:" → "Lakṣmi". However, the long vowel still appears in compound words, such as "Sītādēvi" or" Lakṣmīdēvi". The long ī is generally reserved for the 20368: 17233: 12265: 11210: 5132:, which is mostly found in comparatively recent borrowings from European languages. Though nowadays most people (especially youngsters) pronounce 2300:

which are nearer to Kerala. Of the total 33,066,392 Malayalam speakers in India in 2001, 33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects, 19,643 spoke the

14318: 10326: 8986:, dated to the 12th to 14th century, were completed before the introduction of the Sanskrit alphabet. It was written by a poet with the pen name 13188: 20388: 13655: 13485: 13300: 5376:. In Sanskrit loans with /t̪C/ and /d̪C/ (unless C is a sonorant or a dental stop) sometimes the /t̪, d̪/ becomes /l/ especially in /t̪s/ e.g. 13397: 2501:. The few loan words which have found their way into the Christian dialect are assimilated in many cases through the process of de-aspiration. 20373: 19620: 19109: 18302: 15593: 14022: 13749: 2936: 13695: 12845: 12627: 8910:, Malayalam literature remained in a preliminary stage. During this time, Malayalam literature consisted mainly of various genres of songs ( 1619:(language) where "Dravida and Sanskrit should combine together like ruby and coral, without the least trace of any discord". The scripts of 20169: 16634: 16585: 15278: 12956: 9482:

was the author of first Malayalam short story, Vasanavikriti. After him innumerable world class literature works by was born in Malayalam.

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is followed. There is a confusion about the glyph of Malayalam digit zero. The correct form is oval-shaped, but occasionally the glyph for

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Contemporary Malayalam poetry deals with social, political, and economic life context. The tendency of the modern poetry is often towards

8680:'this is old'). Although this has been disputed by many scholars who regard it as a regional dialect of Old Tamil. The use of the pronoun 18229: 13913: 13870: 11717: 10806: 9967: 8670:, the earliest Malayalam inscription discovered until now is the Edakal-5 inscription (ca. late 4th century – early 5th century) reading 7226: 6987:

Nouns that have a stem in /-an/ and which end with a long /ā/ in the masculine nominative singular have /vŭ/ added to them, for example "

13632: 11951: 2085:, have gained international recognition. Malayalam has also borrowed a lot of its words from various foreign languages: mainly from the 19558: 13510: 11993: 11336: 9293: 13214: 11909: 15608: 14866: 14633: 14448:

Govindankutty, A. "From Proto-Tamil-Malayalam to West Coast Dialects", 1972. Indo-Iranian Journal, Vol. XIV, Nr. 1/2, pp. 52–60.

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but the cluster /ɹs/ is loaned as /ɻs/ other clusters are loaned as /rC/ or /ɾC/, /ɻ/ only occurs in words with /ɹs/ e.g. 'force' as

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who compiled the authoritative Malayalam lexicon, the other principal languages whose vocabulary was incorporated over the ages were

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for around 20 years. He learned the language from well established local teachers Ooracheri Gurukkanmar from Chokli, a village near

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Later on this system got reformed to be more similar to the Hindu-Arabic numerals so 10,00,000 in the reformed numerals it would be

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Sanskrit words describing things or animals rather than people with a stem in short /a/ end with an /m/ in Malayalam. For example, "

20296: 20276: 12997: 12891: 12320: 12033: 11645: 10119: 9187:(language) where "Malayalam and Sanskrit should combine together like ruby and coral, without the least trace of any discord". The 5568: 1389:

can be dated to circa 8th century CE. It remained a west coast dialect until circa 9th century CE or a little later. The origin of

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The Indian Encyclopaedia: Biographical, Historical, Religious, Administrative, Ethnological, Commercial and Scientific. Mahi-Mewat

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are oriented on the basic Malayalam family and cultures and many of them were path-breaking in the history of Malayalam literature

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District Handbooks of Kerala: Pathanamthitta (Volume 7 of District Handbooks of Kerala, Kerala (India). Dept. of Public Relations

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The origin of Malayalam remains a matter of dispute among scholars. The mainstream view holds that Malayalam descends from early

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Cereti, C. G. (2009). "The Pahlavi Signatures on the Quilon Copper Plates". In Sundermann, W.; Hintze, A.; de Blois, F. (eds.).

10409: 9874: 2351:(/ɻ/) which is seen in both Tamil and the standard form of Malayalam, are not seen in the northern dialects of Malayalam, as in 13809: 12465: 11045:

A. Govindankutty (1972) – From proto-Tamil-Malayalam to West Coast dialects. Indo-Iranian Journal, Vol. 14 No. (1/2), pp. 52–60

11019: 11017: 10446: 10444: 10442: 10440: 10438: 10436: 10434: 10432: 10430: 10033: 14132: 13723: 13606: 9545:. The style of these poets became quite popular for a while and influenced even others who were not members of the group like 19967: 17259: 17228: 16495: 14911: 14463: 14439: 14418: 14397: 14253: 14179: 13907: 13420: 12928: 12822: 12797: 12621: 12542: 12516: 12347: 11987: 11815: 11551: 11059: 11028: 10943: 10800: 10749: 10527: 10482: 10455: 10362: 10320: 10209: 5447: 3123: 2129:

elements are observable along the parameters of region, religion, community, occupation, social stratum, style and register.

1311:. The mainstream view holds that Malayalam began to grow as a distinct literary language from the western coastal dialect of 19893: 14185: 14151: 13099: 12934: 11557: 11277: 11249: 11014: 10427: 10368: 8999:

region. They cite the use of certain words in the book and also the fact that the manuscript of the book was recovered from

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The British printed Malabar English Dictionary by Graham Shaw in 1779 was still in the form of a Tamil-English Dictionary.

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According to Ethnologue, the dialects are: Malabar, Nagari-Malayalam, North Kerala, Central Kerala, South Kerala, Kayavar,

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formed from word final short /u/'s but now there are /u/'s finally as well, mostly in loanwords but also natively like in

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works, which dates back to 16th–17th centuries are also very closer to modern Malayalam language. The basin of the river

7273:. Unlike a consonant represented by an ordinary consonant letter, this consonant is never followed by an inherent vowel. 4844: 4718: 4292: 1381:

from circa 9th to circa 13th century CE, is the earliest attested form of Malayalam. The beginning of the development of

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region, Vattezhuthu remained in general use up to the 17th century, or the 18th century. A variant form of this script,

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letters representing less frequent conjunct consonants and combinations of the vowel /u, u:/ with different consonants.

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has both rhotic and lateral qualities, and is indeterminate between an approximant and a fricative. The articulation of

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Scobbie, Punnoose & Khattab (2013) "Articulating five liquids: a single speaker ultrasound study of Malayalam". In

11945: 11903: 11711: 9542: 9504: 8810: 14413:. The Written Languages of the World: A Survey of the Degree and Modes of Use. Vol. 2. Presses Université Laval. 13496:

Menon. T. Madhava. "A Handbook of Kerala, Volume 2", International School of Dravidian Linguistics, 2002. pp. 491–493.

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The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the countries bordering on the Indian Ocean and their inhabitants (Volume 2)

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The early literature of Malayalam comprised three types of composition: Malayalam Nada, Tamil Nada and Sanskrit Nada.

19625: 19102: 18295: 18239: 17843: 14957: 14771: 14739: 14640: 14570: 14278: 13226: 12148: 12085: 11384: 11093: 10904: 10837: 10612: 13425:. Kulliyyah Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia. Archived from 11188: 10673: 3952:, which is not officially a vowel, and not as actual vocalic consonants) have been classified as vowels: vocalic r ( 19663: 17736: 17252: 16578: 15271: 15179: 13322: 5097:

The geminated velars /kk/ and /ŋŋ/ are sometimes palatalized word medially after /j, i(:), e(:)/ like in the words

5083:ന്റ is pronounced as but ൻറ can be pronounced as or ; doesn't occur natively but it occurs in loans like എൻറോൾ ( 4724: 4518: 4298: 3283:

accounting for 21.2% and 15.4% respectively according to 1951 census report. 25.57% of the total population in the

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is used in the extreme northern part of Kerala along with the southern part of Karnataka in a former region called

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The Unicode Standard Version 13.0 – Core Specification, South and Central Asia-I,Official Scripts of India pg. 514

12076: 10788: 9104:, for various subjects and occasions, such as harvesting, love songs, heroes, gods, etc. A form of writing called 8888:

is considered to be the first travelogue in an Indian language. The modern Malayalam grammar is based on the book

7805:

Malayalam numbers and fractions are written as follows. These are archaic and no longer used. Instead, the common

3393:. The 2006 New Zealand census reported 2,139 speakers. 134 Malayalam speaking households were reported in 1956 in 15603: 12665:

Palatalization and velarization in Malayalam nasals: a preliminary acoustic study of the dental–alveolar contrast

12018: 9945: 7806: 6998:

Words whose roots end in /-an/ but whose nominative singular ending is /-a-/ (for example, the Sanskrit root of "

4665: 3679: 3643: 3444: 2387:

in the northern dialects of Malayalam. Similarly the Malayalam spoken in the southern districts of Kerala, i.e.,

892: 641: 12368: 9263:

written by Poonthanam are also included in the earliest form of Modern Malayalam. The words used in most of the

8712:

Manipravalam Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar wrote Manipravalam poetry in the 14th century.

19719: 16108: 15313: 13476:

Miller, Roland. E., "Mappila" in "The Encyclopedia of Islam". Volume VI. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 1987. pp. 458–56.

13455: 10502: 8949: 4772: 13163: 2536:

Malayalam has incorporated many elements from other languages over the years, the most notable of these being

622: 20306: 20256: 19668: 19640: 17861: 16500: 15858: 9590: 9246: 5094:

All non geminated voiceless stops and affricate become voiced intervocalically and after a nasal as in Tamil.

4701: 4524: 2058: 1736: 557: 20251: 12869: 8762:

deals with social, political, and economic life context. The tendency of the modern poetry is often towards

3871:

which means "guava"). In modern times, it is written in two different ways – the Northern style, in which a

575: 19452: 19095: 18288: 17815: 17805: 17320: 17218: 15318: 10784: 10782: 9530: 8589:

features, and vocabulary from Malayalam and East Syriac. This originated in the South Indian region of the

8474: 7127: 5586:, as the only pronominal vocatives that are used are the third person ones, which only occur in compounds. 4793: 4684: 3698: 3662: 3181: 2348: 1315:

and the linguistic separation completed sometime between the 9th and 13th centuries. The renowned poets of

852: 836: 128: 11083: 10894: 10548: 10199: 5388:) but rest of the fricatives (except /f/ in native words of Jesari) and aspirates are only found in loans. 5345: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5211: 5207: 5201: 5197: 5190: 5186: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5156: 5152: 5146: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 3989: 3979: 3969: 3959: 3937: 3927: 3908: 3886: 3836: 3773: 2450:, shows maximum divergence from the literary Standard Dialect of Malayalam. It is very much influenced by 20378: 20189: 19635: 19630: 19612: 19478: 19393: 17213: 16571: 16348: 16101: 15264: 14993: 10640: 10227:"The Syrian Christian Copper Plate of Tarisāppaḷḷy, and the Jewish and Muslim Merchants of Early Malabar" 9924: 9632: 9574: 9534: 9522: 9475: 9278: 5509: 5501: 5372:. Speakers with non rhotic English accents don't have /ɹC/ clusters in English loans and pronounce it as 4743: 4275: 3600: 3553: 3168: 2969: 2388: 2343:. For example, the words those start with the sound "V" in Malayalam become "B" in these districts as in 2046: 1666: 1437: 1358:

have common archaic features which are not found even in the oldest historical forms of literary Tamil.

1256: 1239:, the people of Kerala usually referred to their language as "Tamil", and both terms overlapped into the 931: 522: 496: 12057: 11217: 10779: 8593:(modern-day Kerala). Until the 20th century, the script was widely used by Syrian Christians in Kerala. 20353: 19691: 19011: 18890: 18203: 17361: 15613: 14939: 14487: 13192: 9671: 9526: 9339: 8885: 7214: 6947:

When words are adopted from Sanskrit, their endings are usually changed to conform to Malayalam norms:

4810: 4258: 4224: 3745: 3724: 2026: 1555: 1220:, a Portuguese visitor who visited Kerala in the early 16th century CE, the people in the southwestern 1006: 15127: 13295: 11054:

M. G. S. Narayanan. "Kozhikkodinte Katha". Malayalam/Essays. Mathrubhumi Books. Second Edition (2017)

10310: 19784: 19769: 19749: 19258: 18986: 18461: 18362: 18319: 18254: 18219: 16479: 15588: 13290: 13243: 9792: 9626: 9546: 5328:

are replaced with /k, kʰ, g, h, C, ∅, ∅/, sometimes /q, x/ are replaced with /kʰ, k/ e.g. Arabic قطر

3743: 3722: 3696: 3677: 3660: 3641: 3617: 3598: 3581: 3568: 3551: 3378: 3374: 2746: 1421: 939: 193: 14198:

This Bungalow in Tellicherry ... was the residence of Dr. Herman Gundert .He lived here for 20 years

13874: 12120: 12118: 12116: 12114: 10789:

Sheldon Pollock; Arvind Raghunathan Professor of South Asian Studies Sheldon Pollock (19 May 2003).

10354:

Guide to OCR for Indic Scripts: Document Recognition and Retrieval – Advances in Pattern Recognition

9910: 1093:

in foreign trade circles to denote the southwestern coast of the Indian peninsula, which also means

19744: 19686: 19398: 18249: 17290: 17223: 16552: 16232: 15916: 15308: 15230: 13326: 12838: 12836: 12834: 11872: 9488:

wrote his novels "Indulekha" and "Saradha" while he was the judge at Parappanangadi Munciff Court.

9229: 8880:

from Kerala started writing in Malayalam but mostly travelogues, dictionaries and religious books.

8873:, and its tributaries, have played a major role in the development of modern Malayalam Literature. 8727: 7269:), is a special consonant letter that represents a pure consonant independently, without help of a 7222: 4501: 4241: 3619: 3583: 2122: 2030: 1920: 1719: 1129:), and only later became the name of its language. The language Malayalam was alternatively called 616: 14310: 12964: 6971:

Feminine words ending in a long /ā/ or /ī/ are changed to end in a short /a/ or /i/, for example "

19853: 19439: 19362: 19016: 18691: 17866: 17744: 17295: 17276: 16448: 14973: 14785: 14599: 12842: 12611: 12111: 11504: 10269: 9871:"Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India" 9659:(My Grandpa had an Elephant, 1951). The non-political social or domestic novel was championed by 9655: 9646: 9610: 9066: 8570: 7087: 5356:. The English /ɹ/ is loaned as either /ɾ/ or /r/ unpredictably, for e.g. 'current' got loaned as 4482: 4447: 4315: 2396: 2273: 2253: 2082: 1681: 14209: 12831: 11737: 11735: 9397:

priest, made the first Malayalam types. In addition, he contributed to standardizing the prose.

8708:

of the Sanskrit tradition, which permitted a generous interspersing of Sanskrit with Malayalam.

3800:

a given name; It is also added to the end of loanwords ending in some consonants, e.g. Sanskrit

3275:

in Tamil Nadu which accounts for 48.8% population and it was the second most spoken language in

1585:, also belong to Middle Malayalam. The literary works of this period were heavily influenced by 19942: 19804: 19471: 19273: 19268: 19263: 18905: 18654: 18382: 18377: 17876: 17342: 16779: 16388: 16194: 15598: 15455: 14108: 14084: 13356: 12763: 12098: 11701: 9586: 9386: 9378: 9217: 8877: 8826: 8723: 8613: 8535: 7070:

Aside from the Malayalam script, the Malayalam language has been written in other scripts like

4152: 2833: 2541: 2062: 1976: 1707: 1355: 684:. Malayalam text used in this article is transliterated into the Latin script according to the 529: 457: 238: 233: 13897: 12390:

Statistics New Zealand:Language spoken (total responses) for the 1996–2006 censuses (Table 16)

11935: 10790: 7035:

The original Sanskrit vocative is often used in formal or poetic Malayalam, e.g. "Harē" (for "

5214:

are clear or velarized and have a retracted tongue root, particularly noticeable in geminates.

938:. However, the existence of Old Malayalam is sometimes disputed by scholars. They regard the 19696: 19658: 19653: 19533: 19295: 19280: 19233: 19061: 18758: 18730: 18637: 18522: 18512: 18415: 17505: 17337: 16657: 16639: 15563: 15435: 14953: 14812: 14749: 14650: 13506: 11977: 11732: 10198:

Freeman, Rich (2003). "The Literary Culture of Premodern Kerala". In Sheldon, Pollock (ed.).

9538: 9241: 8895: 7133:

Historically, several scripts were used to write Malayalam. Among these were the Vatteluttu,

5535: 4931: 4761: 4464: 4127: 4093: 3240:

Malayalam is a language spoken by the native people of southwestern India and the islands of

2166: 1731: 996: 329: 282: 205: 11893: 8774:, the second-most for any Dravidian language and the third-highest for any Indian language. 8754:

are also very closer to the modern Malayalam language. The prose literature, criticism, and

7090:(also known as Nasranis) until the 19th century. Arabic scripts particularly were taught in 5512:

word order occurs in interrogative clauses when the interrogative word is the subject. Both

2061:, had made valuable contributions to the modern Malayalam literature. The life and works of 1208:, when it was known as "Malayayma" or "Malayanma"; the words were also used to refer to the 20301: 20286: 20164: 19957: 19774: 19608: 19342: 18895: 18735: 18674: 18372: 18244: 17792: 17602: 17472: 17136: 17031: 16521: 16474: 16292: 15640: 15623: 14837: 14692: 12235: 11300: 9817: 9735: 9685: 9578: 9454: 9344: 9237: 9162: 8881: 8858: 8834: 8814: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8755: 8743: 8731: 8719: 8657: 8515: 7726:, and is transliterated as an apostrophe ('), or sometimes as a colon + an apostrophe (:'). 5517: 4541: 4169: 3346: 3119: 2623:(subdistrict), etc., are used in the formal literary Malayalam for administrative purposes. 2524: 2050: 2018: 1927:

into the current form through the intermixing and modification of the erstwhile scripts of

1727: 1660: 1559: 1497: 1001: 966: 876: 534: 121: 20216: 9593:, had made valuable contributions to the modern Malayalam literature. Later, writers like 8404:, had a close similarity to the modern Malayalam script. In the Tamil country, the modern 5391:

Rarely some speakers pronounce the voiced aspirated consonants as voiceless so words like

8: 20194: 19908: 19825: 19812: 19739: 19711: 19648: 19593: 19523: 19429: 19218: 18807: 18802: 18632: 18617: 18557: 18311: 18259: 17525: 17440: 17435: 17384: 17300: 17081: 16526: 16427: 16368: 16318: 16313: 16276: 15946: 15398: 14873: 14781: 14682: 14232: 13640: 12986: 9812: 9508: 9305: 8667: 8519: 8489: 8381: 7095: 5505: 5053: 4960: 4419: 4402: 4396: 4379: 4343: 4336: 4110: 3062: 2647: 2565: 2553: 2332: 2284:

is among the most divergent of dialects, differing considerably from literary Malayalam.

2102: 2094: 1351: 1292: 1236: 954: 880: 824: 433: 185: 14541: 12895: 10115: 9437:

by Malayalam for liturgical purposes. By the end of the 19th century Malayalam replaced

9013:

is mostly seen in the contemporary literary works of Northern Kerala. The words used in

8825:

written in the 14th century is amongst the oldest literary works in Malayalam language.

1420:

language was employed in several official records and transactions (at the level of the

1015:

describes the extent of Malayalam in the 19th century as extending from the vicinity of

860: 511: 20221: 20095: 20085: 19913: 19729: 19701: 19588: 19563: 19543: 19528: 19434: 19413: 19302: 19248: 19198: 18868: 18649: 18627: 18622: 18590: 18502: 18132: 18054: 17939: 17572: 17510: 17460: 17427: 17332: 17305: 17036: 16996: 16889: 16594: 16411: 16161: 16139: 16118: 15848: 15798: 15537: 15445: 14929: 14721: 14667: 14621: 14603: 14556: 14283: 12583: 12175: 11637: 11328: 10971: 10246: 9847: 9802: 9199: 9145: 9074: 9058: 8992: 8907: 8806: 8692:

ending are archaisms from Proto-Dravidian rather than unique innovations of Malayalam.

8550: 8457: 8346: 7800: 7729: 7206: 7174: 7083: 7075: 5155:

are unreleased word finally. Words will never begin or end with a geminated consonant.

4186: 4055: 4045: 3845:⟩, but later on it was just completely omitted (that is, written as an inherent vowel ⟨ 2316: 2141: 2106: 1676: 1582: 1567: 1534: 1390: 1251: 934:

of 849/850 CE are considered by some to be the oldest available inscription written in

811: 463: 392: 309: 277: 229: 96: 73: 15122: 13451:

Trade and Culture: Indian ocean interaction on the coast of Malabar in medieval period

13057: 13023: 11667: 11154: 10398: 10264: 999:

in late 19th century CE. The first travelogue in any Indian language is the Malayalam

608: 20266: 20261: 20241: 20226: 20208: 19947: 19925: 19903: 19873: 19835: 19808: 19789: 19734: 19598: 19578: 19505: 19383: 19367: 19317: 19285: 19243: 19213: 18967: 18768: 18686: 18643: 18612: 18602: 18547: 18532: 18191: 17944: 17853: 17716: 17642: 17607: 17577: 17552: 17520: 17490: 17485: 17455: 17369: 17191: 16986: 16971: 16966: 16874: 16774: 16692: 16682: 16667: 16647: 16547: 16406: 16383: 16227: 16217: 16189: 15961: 15921: 15908: 15679: 15632: 15440: 15415: 14907: 14767: 14735: 14636: 14566: 14459: 14435: 14414: 14393: 14259: 14249: 14175: 14148: 13903: 13726:. Department of Public Relations, Government of Kerala. 23 March 2006. Archived from 13222: 12924: 12818: 12793: 12617: 11983: 11941: 11899: 11811: 11707: 11547: 11380: 11332: 11320: 11089: 11055: 10939: 10900: 10833: 10796: 10745: 10608: 10523: 10478: 10358: 10316: 10238: 10205: 9870: 9797: 9680: 8936: 8890: 8822: 8663: 8500:, Havyaka Brahmins and Tulu Brahmin people, but was originally only applied to write 8421: 7956:

Number "11" is written as "൰൧" and not "൧൧". "32" is written as "൩൰൨" similar to the

7065: 5945: 5721: 5530: 5495: 4833: 4440: 4080: 4070: 3472: 3272: 3093: 2670: 2308: 2086: 1336: 1328: 1110: 991: 888: 884: 856: 428: 12479: 8991:

Purushothaman Nair, and P.V. Krishnan Nair, state that the origin of the book is in

8791:

The earliest extant prose work in the language is a commentary in simple Malayalam,

7285:

as a glyph variant of a normal ("base") consonant letter. In Unicode 5.1 and later,

6964:

ending in a short /a/ take the ending /an/ in the nominative singular. For example,

2673:

is predominantly in the northern districts of Kerala. Another Muslim dialect called

946:. The oldest extant literary work in Malayalam distinct from the Tamil tradition is 647: 20023: 19883: 19583: 19403: 19352: 19332: 19322: 19290: 19253: 19193: 19143: 18874: 18847: 18797: 18789: 18763: 18720: 18680: 18664: 18542: 18537: 18517: 18507: 18495: 18367: 18344: 18264: 18092: 18077: 17972: 17964: 17954: 17949: 17914: 17820: 17777: 17772: 17703: 17693: 17675: 17650: 17632: 17627: 17617: 17597: 17582: 17562: 17557: 17495: 17450: 17146: 17016: 17001: 16981: 16961: 16941: 16859: 16824: 16814: 16733: 16723: 16708: 16687: 16652: 16516: 16378: 16353: 16068: 15971: 15568: 15460: 15344: 14696: 14383: 14129: 13727: 13610: 13389: 11747:. E.G. Smith for the U.S. Library of Congress Office, New Delhi. 1994. p. 21. 11312: 10348: 9822: 9807: 9769: 9723: 9642: 9637: 9622: 9570: 9566: 9468: 9297: 9233: 9150: 9128: 8969: 8777: 8417: 8401: 8384:

is the earliest example, dating from about 830 CE. During the medieval period, the

7218: 7166: 7150: 7061: 5560: 5552: 5525: 5174:

can be geminated and gemination can sometimes change the meaning of the word, e.g.

4586: 4360: 4050: 3480: 3464: 3029: 2996: 2806: 2643: 2561: 2494: 2455: 2336: 2042: 2038: 1971:. They follow the syntax of modern Malayalam, though written in a modified form of 1948: 1924: 1768: 1755:

written by Poonthanam, are also included in the earliest form of Modern Malayalam.

1723: 1693: 1648: 1632: 1517: 1501: 1489: 986: 958: 868: 753: 681: 451: 418: 292: 199: 61: 17838: 13426: 12505: 12345: 8628:

features – which was developed during the early medieval period and used to write

840: 133: 20115: 20100: 20090: 19568: 19497: 19408: 19337: 19327: 19312: 19307: 19238: 19228: 19223: 19158: 19133: 19054: 19031: 19001: 18972: 18962: 18941: 18857: 18834: 18817: 18812: 18742: 18725: 18669: 18659: 18585: 18575: 18527: 18482: 18456: 18430: 18395: 18357: 18082: 18064: 18039: 17924: 17909: 17830: 17810: 17754: 17688: 17622: 17587: 17567: 17500: 17412: 17392: 17374: 17196: 17161: 17121: 17116: 17111: 17091: 17086: 17076: 17051: 17026: 17021: 16936: 16899: 16894: 16884: 16844: 16834: 16829: 16804: 16789: 16748: 16738: 16713: 16702: 16373: 16328: 16308: 16176: 16016: 15793: 15780: 15547: 15542: 15532: 15501: 15465: 15450: 15425: 15420: 15103: 14985: 14763: 14753: 14613: 14537: 14501: 14453: 14429: 14408: 14387: 14216: 14169: 14155: 14136: 12918: 12849: 12474: 12351: 12290: 12231: 12131: 12105: 12080: 12061: 12039: 12022: 11876: 11846: 11805: 11773: 11742: 11541: 11271: 11243: 10649: 10585: 10578: 10517: 10352: 9949: 9930: 9787: 9777: 9500: 9485: 9438: 9434: 9398: 9351: 9311: 9264: 8982: 8862: 8850: 8747: 8739: 8700: 8629: 8605: 8566: 8385: 8338: 7154: 7146: 7079: 5879: 5646: 5434: 4921: 3570: 3452: 3386: 3308: 3304: 3284: 2866: 2713: 2651: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2573: 2513: 2505: 2498: 2447: 2392: 2320: 2301: 2281: 2269: 2249: 2237: 2221: 2000: 1968: 1964: 1952: 1764: 1469: 1280: 1114: 1012: 970: 422: 396: 388: 380: 220: 177: 17244: 14893: 13125: 13091: 12222: 7281:

fit this definition but are not usually included. ISCII and Unicode 5.0 treat a

7106: 3901:⟩ is historically more correct, though the simplified form without a vowel sign 3295:, and they form the single largest linguistic group accounting for 35.5% in the 20138: 20105: 19962: 19952: 19937: 19845: 19724: 19388: 19357: 19208: 19203: 19188: 19153: 19077: 19045: 19006: 18946: 18910: 18862: 18842: 18607: 18597: 18490: 18451: 18435: 18179: 18112: 18107: 18097: 18010: 17977: 17919: 17889: 17767: 17711: 17665: 17515: 17445: 17407: 17176: 17166: 17156: 17151: 17126: 17101: 17096: 17011: 16991: 16976: 16956: 16946: 16879: 16864: 16849: 16839: 16809: 16743: 16662: 16624: 16464: 16222: 15956: 15951: 15936: 15483: 15430: 15133: 14854: 14731: 14581: 14374:

Gopinathan Nair, B. (2009). "Malayalam". In Keith Brown; Sarah Ogilvie (eds.).

12706: 9709: 9689: 9582: 9518: 9458: 9426: 8866: 8842: 8838: 8771: 8735: 8632:

until the early 20th century CE. Though the script originated and developed in

8482: 8469: 8428: 8333: 7957: 7170: 7142: 5989: 5771: 5556: 4993: 3911:(phonetically central: ) is represented as basic or the "default" vowel in the 3468: 3330: 2903: 2779: 2655: 2549: 2293: 2241: 2216: 2098: 2054: 2008: 1960: 1940: 1760: 1640: 1590: 1563: 1453: 1347: 1343: 1272: 1217: 1209: 1028: 962: 943: 409: 376: 224: 106: 20: 14099:"Kerala / Kozhikode News : Copy of first book printed in Kerala released" 4005:

Vowel length is phonemic and all of the vowels have minimal pairs for example

20347: 19794: 19754: 19538: 19518: 19513: 19347: 19163: 18900: 18852: 18715: 18580: 18410: 18269: 18122: 18031: 18004: 17929: 17904: 17894: 17782: 17721: 17592: 17417: 17327: 17186: 17181: 17171: 17141: 17131: 17106: 17041: 16869: 16854: 16784: 16718: 16323: 16001: 15996: 15931: 15379: 15366: 15339: 15098: 14340: 14263: 13970: 11638:"Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer – Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer Poems – Poem Hunter" 11509:. Thiruvananthapuram: Department of Information and Public Relations, Kerala. 11324: 11316: 10242: 9697: 9606: 9594: 9463: 9414: 9090: 9046: 9004: 8996: 8965: 8941: 8709: 8621: 8590: 8493: 8479: 8409: 8389: 7158: 7018: 6980: 5967: 5901: 5746: 5671: 5579: 4885: 4639: 4622: 4605: 4569: 4562: 4217: 3534: 3519: 3456: 3389:

reported 7,070 people who listed Malayalam as their mother tongue, mainly in

3268: 2170: 2146: 2136:

of Malayalam can be divided into fifteen dialect areas. They are as follows:

2110: 2078: 2066: 1972: 1644: 1551: 1485: 1474: 1457: 1445: 1433: 1417: 1410: 1382: 1368: 1324: 1296: 1288: 1276: 1264: 1260: 1221: 1102: 1085: 1020: 974: 935: 469: 400: 334: 313: 287: 211: 9649:, who had not dabbled in politics, the continuity is marked in the former's 8530: 3889:

is attached to the preceding consonant and a chandrakkala is written above ⟨

1372: 20334: 20236: 20143: 20013: 20003: 19898: 19858: 19779: 19764: 18140: 18117: 18015: 17800: 17726: 17071: 16253: 16248: 16212: 16113: 16096: 15853: 15788: 15522: 15384: 15374: 15349: 11593: 11591: 10141: 9832: 9755: 9701: 9269: 9220:, who was the court poet of the king Udaya Varman Kolathiri (1446–1475) of 9212: 9140: 9009: 8976: 8953: 8801: 8705: 8432: 8405: 8393: 8362: 7162: 7071: 6017:

The following are examples of some of the most common declension patterns.

5564: 4997: 4065: 3872: 3504: 3402: 3280: 2589: 2485:

The Syrian Christian or Nasrani dialect of Malayalam is quite close to the

2022: 1981: 1710:, who was the court poet of the king Udaya Varman Kolathiri (1446–1475) of 1702: 1586: 1529: 1463: 1386: 1312: 1259:(849/850 CE) are considered as the oldest available inscription written in 1205: 1193: 978: 927: 741: 474: 15213: 15196: 14943: 11607: 10669: 10642:

A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian Family of Languages

10519:

A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Or South-Indian Family of Languages

9898: 9374:

and consulted them in works. He also translated the Bible into Malayalam.

9326: 8601: 592: 20311: 20059: 20054: 19998: 19972: 19868: 19573: 19553: 18224: 18102: 17934: 17884: 17762: 16794: 16469: 15966: 15868: 15493: 14889: 12757:"The Samyojika Vibhakthi and Its Unique Application in Malayalam Grammar" 12746:

Asher, R. E. and Kumari, T. C. (1997). Malayalam. Routledge Pub.: London.

12144: 11668:"Vallathol Narayana Menon – Vallathol Narayana Menon Poems – Poem Hunter" 11301:"History and Historiography in Constituting a Region: The Case of Kerala" 9705: 9602: 9393:

in 1819 and started printing books in Malayalam when Benjamin Bailey, an

9274: 9221: 9179: 9000: 8625: 8586: 8377: 7202: 7123: 5923: 5696: 3546: 3529: 3514: 3451:

transliteration. The current Malayalam script bears high similarity with

3425: 3370: 3354: 3264: 3257: 3245: 3241: 3155: 2674: 2464:

of the literary dialect is realised in the Muslim dialect as the palatal

2289: 2211: 2074: 1986: 1711: 1611: 1240: 1229: 1118: 1036: 1032: 1024: 942:

inscriptional language as a diverging dialect or variety of contemporary

832: 506: 372: 167: 162: 140: 14700: 13330: 12587: 12577: 11588: 10250: 10226: 8666:

can be considered as the ancient predecessor of Malayalam. According to

7183: 5149:. In the Jesari dialect the native word-initial /p/ too spirantized to . 2407:

Lexical items with phonological features reminiscent of Sanskrit (e.g.,

20127: 20008: 19830: 18072: 17683: 16799: 16363: 16184: 15941: 15863: 15650: 15334: 14949: 14820: 14804: 14791: 14688: 13393: 12073: 10169:(1st ed.). Cochin, Kerala: Cochin government press. pp. 1–37. 9903: 9837: 9693: 9479: 9430: 9410: 9371: 9367: 9259: 9253: 9132: 8751: 8413: 8366: 8328: 7694: 7134: 5583: 5547: 5378:

utsava > ulsavam, utpādana > ulpādaṉam, udghāṭana > ulghāḍaṉam

4087: 3923: 3882: 3831: 3715: 3539: 3524: 3253: 3207: 2581: 2443:(both meaning 'good-for-nothing fellow') abound in Nampoothiri dialect. 2229: 2206: 2200: 1967:

works of the 16th–17th century CE is a mixture of Modern Malayalam and

1935: 1929: 1750: 1743: 1621: 1521: 1449: 1308: 1126: 1122: 439: 368: 363: 353: 116: 19087: 18280: 12015: 11032: 10459: 9942: 8232:) after the denominator followed by the numerator, so a fraction like 5006:('by me', first person singular pronoun in the instrumental case) and 3385:. There were 11,687 Malayalam speakers in Australia in 2016. The 2001 1554:

who lived between 1350 and 1450, are representative of this language.

20291: 20064: 19988: 19678: 18021: 16563: 16443: 16358: 15517: 15475: 14981: 14903: 14759: 14727: 14673: 14609: 14562: 14547: 14514: 14103: 12916: 12364: 10399:"L2/17-378 Preliminary proposal to encode Tigalari script in Unicode" 10006: 9598: 9402: 9094: 9050: 8641: 8453: 7138: 7029: 7014: 6961: 5849: 5513: 5433:

is often omitted, in a manner akin to the final single consonants in

4659: 4211: 4060: 3636: 3460: 3448: 3342: 3338: 3333:

attracted many Malayalis. Large numbers of Malayalis have settled in

3288: 3276: 3249: 3194: 2897: 2678: 2517: 2490: 2328: 2297: 2277: 2261: 2156: 2126: 2070: 2013: 1990: 1734:, followed the new trend initiated by Cherussery in their poems. The 1627: 1441: 1429: 1403: 1316: 1300: 920: 908: 899:

expatriates there. They are a significant population in each city in

872: 685: 601: 585: 567: 549: 445: 321: 13449: 13383: 10567:, Madras District Gazetteers (Madras: Government Press, 1915), p. 2. 9288: 7193:

In 1999 a group named "Rachana Akshara Vedi" produced a set of free

6988: 5068:

remained. Currently Malayalam only has in the genitive case ending

2512:, an indigenous people's tribe who are primarily inhabitants of the 1718:

is the modern spoken form of Malayalam. During the 16th century CE,

1232:

in south had a unique language, which was called "Maliama" by them.

855:" in 2013, citing its 1000 years of continuous usage. Malayalam has 19820: 19759: 18184: 18087: 18049: 17899: 17612: 17540: 16819: 16728: 16542: 15001: 14862: 14629: 14493: 13507:"National Virtual Translation Center – Arabic script for malayalam" 12865:

Symbol, Script, and Writing: From Petrogram to Printing and Further

12251:. Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2008. 11768: 11766: 10999:, p. 6: Other sources date this split to the 7th and 8th centuries. 10935:

Exegisti Monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams

9842: 9827: 9763: 9562: 9422: 9418: 9394: 9390: 9382: 9244:

followed the new trend initiated by Cherussery in their poems. The

9154: 8854: 8846: 8796: 8637: 8582: 8539: 8501: 8497: 8397: 7697: 7289:

letters are treated as independent characters, encoded atomically.

7194: 7091: 7047: 7006: 6995:") becomes "Brahmam". This is again omitted when forming compounds. 6957: 3920: 3476: 3447:(IPA) symbol is given, followed by the Malayalam character and the 3421: 3398: 3382: 3300: 3296: 3292: 2973: 2593: 2585: 2537: 2257: 2194: 2181: 2176: 2034: 1956: 1652: 1594: 1395: 1350:

is misplaced. This is based on the fact that Malayalam and several

1332: 1201: 1185: 1181: 1080: 1060: 982: 896: 844: 659: 631: 358: 344: 340: 152: 12863: 11127:(1st ed.). Trichur: Rama Varma Research Institute. p. 3. 10347: 9625:

were turning point in the travelogue literature. The writers like

8365:

and was once used extensively in the southern part of present-day

5045:

are usually written in small size underneath the first consonant).

5033:⟨റ്റ⟩) or immediately following other consonants (in these cases, 2288:

is a dialect of Malayalam spoken mainly in the Union territory of

1979:. P. Shangunny Menon ascribes the authorship of the medieval work 20316: 20271: 20148: 20133: 20018: 19993: 19888: 19878: 19138: 18352: 17397: 17006: 16951: 16677: 14167: 14056:

Malayala Kavitha Sahithya Chrithram (History of Malayalam poetry)

11929: 11927: 11539: 9665: 9635:

turned away from party politics and produced a moving romance in

9495: 9442: 9158: 8870: 8617: 7707: 7187: 7043: 6992: 6976: 6965: 5415:, intervocalically the voiceless aspirate also becomes voiced so 4206: 3912: 3390: 3334: 3312: 2569: 2352: 2344: 2340: 2324: 2151: 2133: 1656: 1406: 1399: 1320: 1106: 912: 655: 317: 52: 19463: 14017: 14015: 14013: 14011: 14009: 14007: 14005: 14003: 13607:"official website of INFORMATION AND PUBLIC RELATION DEPARTMENT" 12195: 11763: 10522:. Asian Educational Services. pp. 6, 16, 17–19, 20, 21–25. 5159:

never occur word initially. All consonants appear word medially.

2946: 2458:

rather than by Sanskrit or by English. The retroflex continuant

1299:

mountain ranges which lie parallel to the coast, the dialect of

20281: 20123: 20049: 19863: 19494: 19119: 18570: 18156: 17660: 17547: 17480: 16769: 15803: 15527: 15407: 15117: 14899: 14881: 14833: 14658: 11979:

Clearing a Space: Reflections on India, Literature, and Culture

11891: 11136: 11134: 10265:"Malayalam literature | Facts, Writers, Poetry, & Examples" 9782: 9715: 9692:

upon the scene. Front runners in the post-modern trend include

9189: 9070: 9054: 8931: 8830: 8645: 8633: 8574: 8543: 8370: 8341:

manuscript (Bears high similarity with modern Malayalam script)

7270: 7210: 7119: 7111: 7025: 7010: 4959:

As in other Dravidian languages, the retroflex series are true

3362: 3350: 3322:

dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like

3142: 2663: 2659: 2600: 2545: 2509: 2451: 2306:

dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like

2285: 2245: 2161: 2090: 1671: 1572: 1378: 1304: 1268: 1225: 1213: 1189: 1070: 1016: 904: 864: 828: 501: 384: 325: 111: 12582:. Indo-Iranian Journal. Vol. 9. JSTOR. pp. 113–138. 12262:"South Kanara, The Nilgiris, Malabar and Coimbators Districts" 11924: 11841: 11839: 11498: 11496: 11494: 11492: 11490: 11488: 11486: 11484: 11482: 11480: 11478: 11476: 11474: 11472: 11470: 11468: 11466: 11464: 11462: 11460: 11458: 11456: 11454: 11452: 11450: 11448: 11446: 11444: 11442: 11440: 11438: 11436: 11434: 11432: 11430: 11428: 11002: 10178: 10176: 9318:

movement, was a prolific literary figure of the 18th century.

5567:) are underlined for clarity, following the convention of the 5210:

are weakly palatalized and have an advanced tongue root while

5162:

The plain stops, affricates, nasals, laterals, the fricatives

2756: 20231: 20039: 19840: 19548: 17530: 17046: 16672: 16619: 16131: 15138: 14587: 14000: 13841:"Celebrated Malayalam poet Akkitham wins 2019 Jnanpith Award" 13154: 13152: 12054: 11543:

Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia

11426: 11424: 11422: 11420: 11418: 11416: 11414: 11412: 11410: 11408: 10792:

Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia

9660: 9492:

is also the first Major Novel written in Malayalam language.

9301: 9282: 8857:-based poet), have played a major role in the development of 8818: 8758:

began after the latter half of 18th century CE. Contemporary

8578: 8565:, is a version of Malayalam written in a variant form of the 8435:. One of the oldest examples of the Manipravalam literature, 7764: 7198: 7115: 6999: 4075: 3406: 3366: 3221: 2185: 1994: 1425: 916: 900: 777: 348: 19173: 15256: 14676:: Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society. 14389:

A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations

13422:

Islam in Malabar (1460–1600) : a socio-cultural study /

12675: 12171:"Nagercoil slang was my biggest challenge: Vijay Sethupathi" 11869: 11803: 11131: 10396: 9065:

is not the Thiruvananthapuram in Southern Kerala. But it is

7197:

containing the entire character repertoire of more than 900

5076:; Malayalam regained it from the older genitive case ending 3491: 3311:

according to the 2011 census, which is native to Kodagu and

1196:. At that time, the language was differentiated by the name 671: 20044: 18196: 18044: 17655: 17535: 16753: 14992: 13994:

Kerala Sahithya Chrithram (History of literature of Kerala)

13266:

A Grammar of the Malayalam Language in Historical Treatment

11887: 11885: 11836: 10173: 9433:

movement in the mid-19th century called for replacement of

9364:

Rajya Samacharam (1847 June) the first Malayalam news paper

9334:

which is the first book to be printed in Malayalam in 1772.

8821:, one of the most important works in Malayalam literature. 8492:, one form of the Grantha alphabet, originally used in the 8408:

had supplanted Vattezhuthu by the 15th century, but in the

7036: 6972: 5806:

2nd person singular formal is similar to 2nd person plural.

5521: 3410: 3394: 3358: 3087: 2843: 2557: 2486: 2265: 2233: 1339:

can be considered as the ancient predecessor of Malayalam.

1098: 961:

is based on the Vatteluttu script, which was extended with

783: 768: 14938: 13149: 12892:"Education in Lakshadweep – Discovering the past chapters" 11933: 11535: 11533: 11405: 10972:"Dravidian languages – History, Grammar, Map, & Facts" 8226:

In Malayalam you can transcribe any fraction by affixing (

2508:

is a tribal dialect of Malayalam spoken by the members of

2125:

patterns, vocabulary, and distribution of grammatical and

658:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

15247: 14794:: Department of Information and Public Relations, Kerala. 14061: 13587: 12213:

S. Kunjan Pillai (1965) – Malayalam Lexicon, pg xxii–xxiv

11546:. University of California Press. pp. 449, 455–472. 11276:. Vidyarthi Mithram Press & Book Depot. p. 408. 10990: 10896:

Perumals of Kerala: Brahmin Oligarchy and Ritual Monarchy

9894: 9892: 7706:

is written in Malayalam script. The symbol indicates the

4963:, in which the underside of the tongue contacts the roof. 3113: 1558:

has opined that Rama Panikkar holds the same position in

774: 762: 14684:

Malayalam poetics with special reference to Krishnagatha

13899:

The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India

13183: 13181: 11882: 11577: 11575: 10731: 10729: 10727: 10725: 10723: 10721: 10719: 10717: 10715: 10713: 10711: 2940: 19080:(no surviving native speakers and no spoken descendant) 15054: 15048: 15047:

by Malayalis and Tamils, may also be transliterated as

15042: 14972: 14888: 14827: 14598: 11799: 11797: 11530: 11502: 10709: 10707: 10705: 10703: 10701: 10699: 10697: 10695: 10693: 10691: 9224:, is written in modern Malayalam. The language used in 8681: 8671: 8356: 8314: 8298: 8292: 8286: 8251: 8227: 8116: 8095: 8074: 8053: 8038: 8031:

For example, the number "2013" is read in Malayalam as

7739: 7701: 7653: 7620: 7587: 7548: 7510: 7472: 7437: 7426: 7411: 7368: 7330: 7264: 7248: 7153:. The modern Malayalam script bears high similarity to 6932: 6919: 6906: 6893: 6880: 6867: 6854: 6841: 6823: 6810: 6797: 6784: 6771: 6758: 6745: 6732: 6714: 6701: 6688: 6675: 6662: 6649: 6636: 6623: 6605: 6592: 6579: 6566: 6553: 6540: 6527: 6514: 6496: 6483: 6470: 6457: 6444: 6431: 6418: 6405: 6387: 6374: 6361: 6348: 6335: 6322: 6309: 6296: 6278: 6265: 6252: 6239: 6226: 6213: 6200: 6187: 6169: 6156: 6143: 6130: 6117: 6104: 6091: 6078: 5815:

For proximal form, replace the initial 'a' with an 'i'.

5013: 5007: 5001: 3947: 3825: 3081: 3054: 3021: 2988: 2961: 2928: 2891: 2858: 2825: 2798: 2771: 2738: 2705: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2414: 2408: 2315:

The dialects of Malayalam spoken in the districts like

1714:, is written in modern Malayalam. The language used in 1172: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1148: 1142: 1136: 1130: 1074: 1064: 1054: 1048: 801: 42: 14755:

Western Influence on Malayalam Language and Literature

14171:

Land and people of Indian states and union territories

13565:"Historians contest antiquity of Edakkal inscriptions" 13385:

The rise and growth of Ponnani from 1498 AD To 1792 AD

12687: 11971: 11969: 9889: 9356:

Paathamala (1860) the first Malayalam school text book

8416:, was used until about the 19th century mainly in the 7024:

Nouns with short vowel stems other than /a/, such as "

7017:" becomes "Narasiṃham" and not "Narasiṃhan", whereas " 3103: 2750: 2132:

According to the Dravidian Encyclopedia, the regional

1520:, and date back to the 13th and 14th centuries of the 14945:കേരളസാഹിത്യചരിത്രം [Kerala Sahitya Charitram] 14811: 14023:"School of Distance Education, University of Calicut" 13991: 13219:

Perspectives on Kerala History: The Second Millennium

13178: 12411: 12409: 12407: 12405: 12403: 12401: 12261: 11695: 11693: 11572: 9722:

with newspapers publishing in nine languages, mainly

8361:, "round writing") is a script that had evolved from 3475:

of Kerala. Tigalari script was also used for writing

3039: 3006: 1200:. The distinctive "Malayalam" named identity of this 756: 14931:മലയാളഭാഷാചരിത്രം [Malayala Bhasha Charitram] 14233:

Rajya Samacaram, "1847 first Newspaper in Malayalam"

13777: 13775: 12459: 12457: 12455: 12453: 12451: 12449: 12447: 12445: 12443: 12441: 11794: 11518: 11516: 10795:. University of California Press. pp. 441–442. 10688: 10304: 10302: 10300: 10298: 10296: 10294: 10292: 9745: 8734:, in the 15th and the 16th centuries of Common Era. 8620:

script, is a writing system – a variant form of the

5052:

developed into an alveolar trill /r/ in many of the

2876: 2723: 2531: 1204:

appears to have come into existence only around the

1097:. The term originally referred to the western hilly 989:. The modern Malayalam grammar is based on the book 953:

The earliest script used to write Malayalam was the

780: 765: 14872: 14780: 14554: 14279:"Indian's First Novel Wins Booker Prize in Britain" 12285: 12283: 12234:The Information & Public Relations Department, 11966: 11540:Sheldon Pollock; Arvind Raghunathan (19 May 2003). 11216:. Indian Journal History of Science. Archived from 10204:. University of California Press. pp. 445–46. 8687: 3895:⟩. According to one author, this alternative form ⟨ 2913: 2837: 786: 771: 759: 14665: 14620: 13996:, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala: University of Kerala 13633:"Cherussery (Krishnagadha) malayalam author books" 13124:. Vazhappally Sree Mahadeva Temple. Archived from 12398: 11690: 11523:Kerala (India), Dept. of Public Relations (2003), 11241: 10589:(New Delhi: Northern Book Centre, 2003), xvi–xvii. 9405:, Germany, started the first Malayalam newspaper, 9332:Nasranikal okkekkum ariyendunna samkshepavedartham 8742:, a poet of 18th century, also greatly influenced 8132:Combine them together to get the Malayalam number 7675: 1027:in the south, where it begins to be superseded by 20183:Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1989–present) 17274: 14719: 13772: 12438: 11807:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: K to Navalram 11778:. Nirmala Sadanand Publishers. 1967. p. 21. 11608:"Kumaran Asan – Kumaran Asan Poems – Poem Hunter" 11597:History of Travancore by Shungunny Menon, page 28 11513: 11077: 11075: 11073: 11071: 11069: 11067: 10856:Barbosa, Duarte; Dames, Mansel Longworth (1918). 10744:(2007 ed.). Kottayam: DC Books. p. 27. 10477:(1st DCB ed.). Kottayam, Kerala: D C Books. 10289: 8861:into current form. The words used in many of the 8746:in its early form. The words used in many of the 8573:(also known as Syrian Christians or Nasranis) of 5344:. English loans with /θ, ð, ʒ/ are replaced with 5128:, a phoneme occurring in Sanskrit loanwords, and 3428:of Malayalam, from Namboodiripad, Savithry (2016) 2470:. In some other dialects of Northern Kerala too, 973:, a historical script that was used to write the 887:district of Tamil Nadu. It is also spoken by the 20345: 14847:International Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature 14311:"The DHS Program – India: Standard DHS, 2015–16" 13092:"Malayalam alphabet, pronunciation and language" 12917:Don M. de Z. Wickremasinghe; T.N. Menon (2004). 12613:A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Languages 12280: 11362:. Kerala: Kerala Historical Society. p. 18. 10867:. Asian Educational Services. pp. 194–198. 10664: 10662: 10660: 10658: 9198:(Eighteen and a half poets) in the court of the 9131:, those date back to 13th and 14th centuries of 9045:) are special features of the dialect spoken in 8750:works those date back to 16th–17th centuries of 8608:alphabet with Malayalam alphabet correspondences 8376:Malayalam was first written in Vattezhuthu. The 7114:, Kerala. Malayalam is official language in the 3066: 1581:(Eighteen and a half poets) in the court of the 1432:) village temples). Most of the inscriptions in 14927: 14536: 14500: 14373: 12365:"Census 2011 Australia – ABS Population Income" 11940:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 126. 11182: 11180: 11008: 10735: 10598: 10392: 10390: 10388: 10386: 10193: 10191: 9366:, Paschimodayam (1879) – Magazine. He lived in 9362:, Malayalarajyam (1879) – Geography of Kerala, 8553:(സുറിയാനി മലയാളം, ܣܘܪܝܢܝ ܡܠܝܠܡ), also known as 8505: 8440: 8350: 8244: 8213: 8204: 8198: 8192: 8186: 8180: 8174: 8168: 8162: 8156: 8150: 8144: 8134: 8123: 8110: 8102: 8089: 8081: 8068: 8060: 8047: 8032: 8021: 8014: 8007: 8000: 7993: 7986: 7820: 7784: 7769: 7752: 7733: 7686: 7659: 7641: 7626: 7608: 7593: 7575: 7565: 7554: 7536: 7526: 7516: 7498: 7488: 7478: 7460: 7450: 7442: 7431: 7417: 7399: 7389: 7374: 7356: 7346: 7336: 7318: 7258: 7242: 7201:. This was announced and released along with a 6926: 6913: 6900: 6887: 6874: 6861: 6848: 6835: 6817: 6804: 6791: 6778: 6765: 6752: 6739: 6726: 6708: 6695: 6682: 6669: 6656: 6643: 6630: 6617: 6599: 6586: 6573: 6560: 6547: 6534: 6521: 6508: 6490: 6477: 6464: 6451: 6438: 6425: 6412: 6399: 6381: 6368: 6355: 6342: 6329: 6316: 6303: 6290: 6272: 6259: 6246: 6233: 6220: 6207: 6194: 6181: 6163: 6150: 6137: 6124: 6111: 6098: 6085: 6072: 5466: 5181: 5175: 5141: 5116: 5110: 5104: 5098: 5040: 5034: 5028: 5022: 4936: 4900: 4866: 4849: 4815: 4798: 4777: 4748: 4729: 4706: 4689: 4670: 4644: 4627: 4610: 4591: 4574: 4546: 4529: 4506: 4489: 4469: 4452: 4424: 4407: 4384: 4365: 4348: 4320: 4303: 4280: 4263: 4246: 4229: 4191: 4174: 4157: 4140: 4132: 4115: 4098: 3983: 3973: 3963: 3953: 3941: 3931: 3896: 3890: 3876: 3862: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3767: 3751: 3730: 3704: 3685: 3668: 3649: 3625: 3606: 3589: 3559: 3075: 3048: 3015: 2982: 2955: 2922: 2885: 2852: 2819: 2792: 2765: 2732: 2699: 1267:, the copper plate also contains signatures in 795: 36: 20178:Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1926–1989) 14853: 14844: 14376:Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World 13895: 13693: 13653: 13353:"City Youth Learn Dying Language, Preserve It" 11975: 11522: 11064: 9321: 6942: 5193:only occur in geminated form intervocalically. 3097: 859:status in Kerala, Lakshadweep and Puducherry ( 19479: 19103: 18296: 17260: 16579: 15594:Mathrubhumi International Festival of Letters 15272: 15134:Unicode Code Chart for Malayalam (PDF Format) 14798: 13085: 13083: 13051: 13049: 12994:The Unicode Standard 5.0 – Electronic Edition 12861: 12415: 11699: 11269: 10776:Malabar Manual (1887), William Logan, Calicut 10655: 10546: 7213:. In 2004, the fonts were released under the 3381:. There are 144,000 of Malayalam speakers in 3033: 3000: 2810: 2109:and the Portuguese-Dutch colonization of the 969:loanwords. It bears high similarity with the 18327: 14748: 14680: 14649: 14579: 13593: 13562: 13454:. 2nd International IBNU Batuta Conference. 13323:"EPIGRAPHY – Inscriptions in Grantha Script" 12681: 12466:"Malayalam: a Grammatical Sketch and a Text" 12463: 11177: 10855: 10832:. Asian Educational Services. pp. 1–7. 10383: 10308: 10188: 10064:"Official Language (Legislative) Commission" 9499:Shakuntala writes to Dushyanta. Painting by 9342:wrote the first Malayalam travelogue called 7700:, used when a Sanskrit phrase containing an 5288:unless the word is monosyllabic, e.g. Tamil 5248:suggesting an earlier merger of some of the 3369:. Many Malayalis have also emigrated to the 2870: 2717: 2686:Examples of vocabulary from various origins 2280:and Nair dialects have a common nature, the 18994: 18230:Meitei associate official language movement 14485: 14427: 14158:. Pressacademy.org. Retrieved 28 July 2013. 14139:. Pressacademy.org. Retrieved 28 July 2013. 13750:"New university centre for Arabi Malayalam" 13700:. Trivandrum: State Institute of Language. 13276: 13274: 13242:. Malayalam Resource Centre. Archived from 13162:. Malayalam Resource Centre. Archived from 12996:. Unicode, Inc. 1991–2007. pp. 42–44. 12201: 10652:, second edition. London: Trübner & Co. 10579:Agrarian Relations in Late Medieval Malabar 10182: 9421:were increasingly studied by Christians of 8959: 8876:By the end of the 18th century some of the 7825:) is erroneously shown as the glyph for 0. 7227:Cochin University of Science and Technology 5473: 4966:All of the alveolars except /s/ are apical. 2907: 2783: 19486: 19472: 19110: 19096: 18303: 18289: 17267: 17253: 16586: 16572: 15279: 15265: 14849:. Vol. 6. Delhi: Mittal Publications. 14168:S. C. Bhatt and Gopal K. Bhargava (2005). 13447: 13221:, Kerala Council for Historical Research, 13080: 13046: 12731: 12661: 12544:The Phonetics and Phonology of Retroflexes 11892:Eṃ Mukundan; C. Gopinathan Pillai (2004). 11851:. Kerala Sahitya Akademi. 1993. p. 19 11245:Time measurement and calendar construction 10670:"Ethnologue report for language code: mal" 10231:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 10156: 10034:"Malayalam gets classical language status" 10010:. Thiruvananthapuram, India. 24 May 2013. 9629:have contributed much to Malayalam drama. 9294:Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University 9194:written by Punam Nambudiri, one among the 5012:('if that is so'), which are both written 2033:. In the second half of the 20th century, 1589:, which was a combination of contemporary 1577:written by Punam Nambudiri, one among the 630: 124:and other districts bordering with kerala) 51: 15609:Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society 14406: 14382: 14067: 13808:Naha, Abdul Latheef (24 September 2020). 13531: 13448:Randathani, Hussain (4–6 December 2018). 12923:. Asian Educational Services. p. 7. 12817:. Kottayam: D C Books. pp. 301–302. 11937:Perspectives on Indian English Literature 11357: 11140: 11088:. Thrissur: CosmoBooks. pp. 380–82. 11081: 10996: 10892: 9613:, have gained international recognition. 9285:, to Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan. 8738:, a probable 17th–18th century poet, and 8256:) 'out of ten, seven' but fractions like 7149:variation, which gave rise to the modern 5582:forms are given in parentheses after the 5563:does not distinguish the latter from the 1997:, to Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan. 1287:Due to the geographical isolation of the 20297:List of tourist attractions in Kozhikode 18343: 15107:) is being considered for deletion. See 13418: 13271: 13215:"Cultural Traditions in Medieval Kerala" 12609: 12575: 12099:A sacredlanguage is vanishing from State 11298: 11186: 11152: 10633: 10515: 9561:In the second half of the 20th century, 9494: 9462: 9325: 9287: 8722:has been profoundly influenced by poets 8600: 8585:or "Eastern" Syriac script with special 8529: 8473: 8332: 7105: 5569:National Library at Kolkata romanization 5500:Malayalam has a canonical word order of 5380:. There are some native words with /s/ ( 3490: 3431: 3420: 2662:and Persian elements predominate in the 1665: 1342:Some scholars however believe that both 1250: 728: 20369:Languages attested from the 9th century 19117: 18310: 14787:A Short History of Malayalam Literature 14451: 13563:Sasibhooshan, Gayathri (12 July 2012). 13534:"The earliest inscription in Malayalam" 13381: 12693: 11879:. Edasseri.org. Retrieved 7 March 2023. 11804:Amaresh Datta; Sahitya Akademi (1987). 11506:A Short History of Malayalam Literature 10827: 10197: 9161:, while comparing them with the modern 8974:The earliest known poems in Malayalam, 8514:), meaning "Arya writing" (Sanskrit is 8322: 5446:The following text is Article 1 of the 5078:-ṉuṭaiya > -ṉuṭe > -ṉṭe > -ṉṟe 2527:has influences from Malayalam language. 2476:of the literary dialect is realised as 1659:, while comparing them with the modern 652:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 20346: 16593: 14859:A Brief Survey of Malayalam Literature 14586:. Deccan College Dissertation Series. 14174:. Gyan Publishing House. p. 289. 14130:Rajyasamacharam | Kerala Press Academy 14053: 13992:S. Parameshwara Aiyer, Ulloor (1990), 13789:from the original on 10 September 2014 13268:. Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 1996. 13191:. Government of Kerala. Archived from 12540: 12503: 12422:(Thesis). Cambridge University Press. 12151:from the original on 21 September 2022 11585:Anjali. Foreign Language Study. pp. 78 11339:from the original on 13 September 2021 10931: 10014:from the original on 27 September 2013 9277:legend and the departure of the final 5232:from Old Malayalam got assimilated to 3271:(now Gudalur and Panthalur taluks) of 3114:Geographic distribution and population 2584:texts were written in an admixture of 2017:. The printing, prose literature, and 2003:introduced a new literary form called 1989:legend and the departure of the final 1377:), an inscriptional language found in 1192:probably date back to as early as the 1019:in the north where it supersedes with 851:of India. Malayalam was designated a " 20170:Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam 19467: 19091: 18284: 17248: 16567: 16496:States of India by Malayalam speakers 15260: 14878:A Perspective of Malayalam Literature 14828:K. M. Prabhakara Variar, ed. (1985). 14452:Steever, Sanford B. (15 April 2015). 14291:from the original on 21 November 2021 14276: 14149:Herman Gundert | Kerala Press Academy 13947:from the original on 21 November 2021 13934: 13851:from the original on 21 November 2021 13820:from the original on 22 November 2021 13704:from the original on 21 November 2021 13666:from the original on 21 November 2021 13303:from the original on 16 December 2014 13003:from the original on 25 February 2021 12812: 12787: 12610:Andronov, Mikhail Sergeevich (2003). 12522:from the original on 24 November 2020 12183:from the original on 17 November 2021 11560:from the original on 27 February 2020 11372: 11165:from the original on 16 November 2018 11124:The Evolution of Malayalam Morphology 11120: 10809:from the original on 26 December 2016 10758:from the original on 13 November 2021 10621:from the original on 13 November 2021 10607:(2007 ed.). Kottayam: DC Books. 10472: 10224: 10166:The Evolution of Malayalam Morphology 10162: 10044:from the original on 7 September 2021 9653:(Poison Maid, 1948) and the latter's 9360:the first Malayalam dictionary (1872) 9205: 8956:(Muslim songs) were also folk songs. 8715:The folk song rich in native elements 6034: 6031: 6028: 6025: 5448:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 5399:, it is more commonly deaspirated so 4920: 4884: 4760: 4658: 4205: 4086: 3508: 3503: 3124:States of India by Malayalam speakers 2693: 2690: 1923:is also credited with developing the 810: 72: 20374:Languages written in Brahmic scripts 15145: 14960:from the original on 5 February 2023 14823:: Dravidian Linguistics Association. 14707:from the original on 5 February 2023 14608:. Translated by E. M. J. Venniyoor. 14428:Asher, R. E.; Kumari, T. C. (1997). 14321:from the original on 21 October 2020 13807: 13760:from the original on 24 October 2020 13575:from the original on 6 December 2020 13532:Mahadevan, Iravatham (7 June 2012). 13513:from the original on 17 January 2009 13382:Kunnath, Ammad (15 September 2015). 13089: 13068:from the original on 2 December 2020 13055: 13034:from the original on 2 December 2020 13021: 12872:from the original on 8 November 2015 12792:. Kottayam: D C Books. p. 303. 12732:Jayaseelan, Karattuparambil (2001). 12557:from the original on 16 January 2021 12327:from the original on 10 January 2012 12321:"Census of India – Data on Language" 12301:from the original on 1 November 2021 10736:Sreedhara Menon, A. (January 2007). 10599:Sreedhara Menon, A. (January 2007). 10415:from the original on 8 February 2018 10397:Vaishnavi Murthy K Y; Vinodh Rajan. 9865: 9863: 9556: 8636:, today it is predominantly used in 8185:) (10×100×1000) and 1,00,00,000 as " 5574: 3885:style, in which the diacritic for a 3263:The number of Malayalam speakers in 2751: 1963:in Kerala. The language used in the 1504:during this period. Works including 1089:was used as an alternative term for 18576:Arabi Malayalam (Mappila Malayalam) 14489:A Grammar of the Malayalim Language 14351:from the original on 3 October 2021 13838: 13609:. prd.kerala.gov.in. Archived from 13400:from the original on 2 October 2022 12868:. Sharada Pub. House. p. 158. 12734:IP-internal topic and focus phrases 12650:Rhotics: New Data and Perspectives. 12630:from the original on 2 October 2022 12268:from the original on 2 October 2022 11954:from the original on 2 January 2014 11934:Ed. Vinod Kumar Maheshwari (2002). 11782:from the original on 2 January 2014 11751:from the original on 2 January 2014 9877:from the original on 15 August 2018 9537:(1857–1896) and the members of the 9202:, also belong to Middle Malayalam. 9085:. Today it is widely accepted that 8686:and the lack of the literary Tamil 8677: 7759:Used in an abbreviation of a date. 7101: 5504:(subject–object–verb), as do other 5427: 5324:, other Perso-Arabic phonemes like 3443:For the consonants and vowels, the 3034: 2871: 2718: 2626:Loanwords and influences also from 1951:was also heavily influenced by the 1696:was succeeded by Modern Malayalam ( 1687: 1480: 1473:are the possible literary works of 950:(late 12th or early 13th century). 13: 18235:Meitei classical language movement 14543:A Malayalam and English Dictionary 14524:from the original on 15 March 2023 14473: 13935:Binoy, Rasmi (27 September 2018). 13916:from the original on 30 March 2019 13654:Arun Narayanan (25 October 2018). 13458:from the original on 15 April 2022 10874:from the original on 24 April 2022 10371:from the original on 29 April 2016 10277:from the original on 21 March 2023 10122:from the original on 11 April 2015 10002:"'Classical' status for Malayalam" 9989:The Linguistics Student's Handbook 9543:Kodungallur Kunjikkuttan Thampuran 9445:in all Syrian Christian churches. 8811:Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan 7382:Chillu of dental – alveolar nasal 5524:they modify. Malayalam has 6 or 7 5048:The proto Dravidian alveolar stop 3792:, there are minimal pairs as well 2446:The Muslim dialect, also known as 1385:from a western coastal dialect of 1307:was different from that spoken in 1031:, beside the inhabited islands of 895:, due to the large populations of 14: 20400: 19493: 18240:Meitei linguistic purism movement 15111:to help reach a consensus. › 15090: 14723:A History of Malayalam Literature 14107:. 14 October 2005. Archived from 13871:"History of Malayalam Literature" 13724:"prd-Kunchan Nambiar (1705–1770)" 13544:from the original on 19 June 2018 12426:from the original on 2 March 2022 12371:from the original on 17 July 2013 11810:. Sahitya Akademi. p. 2394. 11678:from the original on 29 July 2017 11648:from the original on 29 July 2017 11618:from the original on 29 July 2017 11199:from the original on 7 June 2021. 10899:. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. 10676:from the original on 28 June 2013 10329:from the original on 29 July 2021 10309:Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003). 9860: 9183:text states Manipravalam to be a 8596: 8581:. It uses Malayalam grammar, the 7232: 7055: 4930: 4894: 4860: 4843: 4809: 4792: 4771: 4742: 4723: 4717: 4700: 4683: 4664: 4638: 4621: 4604: 4585: 4568: 4540: 4523: 4517: 4500: 4481: 4463: 4446: 4418: 4401: 4395: 4378: 4359: 4342: 4314: 4297: 4291: 4274: 4257: 4240: 4223: 4185: 4168: 4151: 4126: 4109: 4092: 3455:, which was used for writing the 2658:in the Christian dialects, while 2540:and later, English. According to 2532:External influences and loanwords 1615:text states Manipravalam to be a 1177:until the early 19th century CE. 1079:thus translates directly as 'the 1073:' or '-ship' (as in "township"); 740:A Malayalam speaker, recorded in 20328: 20252:Places of Interest in Malappuram 19172: 15239: 15222: 15205: 15188: 15171: 15154: 15077: 14655:A Survey of Malayalam Literature 14558:A Primer of Malayalam Literature 14333: 14303: 14277:Lyall, Sarah (15 October 1997). 14270: 14238: 14226: 14203: 14188:from the original on 27 May 2016 14161: 14142: 14123: 14091: 14073: 14047: 14035:from the original on 8 June 2021 13985: 13959: 13928: 13889: 13863: 13832: 13801: 13742: 13716: 13694:Krishna Kaimal, Aymanam (1989). 13687: 13678: 13656:"The Charms of Poonthanam Illam" 13647: 13625: 13599: 13556: 13525: 13499: 13490: 13479: 13470: 13441: 13412: 13375: 13363:from the original on 3 June 2016 13345: 13315: 13283: 13258: 13232: 13207: 13140: 13114: 13102:from the original on 10 May 2021 13015: 12979: 12949: 12937:from the original on 28 May 2016 12910: 12884: 12855: 12806: 12781: 12749: 12740: 12725: 12713:from the original on 20 May 2011 12699: 12655: 12642: 12603: 12550:(Thesis). Utrecht, Netherlands. 12416:Namboodiripad, Savithry (2016). 11996:from the original on 27 May 2013 11912:from the original on 27 May 2013 11824:from the original on 27 May 2013 11720:from the original on 27 May 2013 11503:Dr. K. Ayyappa Panicker (2006). 11393:from the original on 7 June 2021 11376:A Primer of Malayalam Literature 11280:from the original on 9 June 2021 11252:from the original on 9 June 2021 11102:from the original on 7 June 2021 11025:Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus – 2019 10978:from the original on 9 July 2017 10913:from the original on 7 June 2021 10452:Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus – 2019 9909: 9762: 9748: 9675:(Men and Women of Charm, 1958). 9139:s of 14th century CE written in 8934:of Folk Song period include the 7173:districts) and the northernmost 7046:borrowings, there are also many 5809: 5800: 5217:/ʋ/ may be realized as , , or . 3919:Malayalam has also borrowed the 3471:districts) and the northernmost 1647:. The literary works written in 1528:s of 14th century CE written in 1363: 752: 670: 20267:Tourist attractions of Palakkad 19692:2001 Kadalundi Train derailment 15604:Purogamana Kala Sahitya Sangham 15068: 15035: 15026: 15017: 14998:മലയാളസാഹിത്യം കാലഘട്ടങ്ങളിലൂടെ 14801:History of Malayalam Literature 14605:History of Malayalam Literature 14513:. Translated by L. Grathwaite. 14341:"National Family Health Survey" 12862:Gaṅgopādhyāẏa, Subrata (2004). 12594: 12569: 12534: 12497: 12383: 12357: 12339: 12313: 12254: 12241: 12216: 12207: 12163: 12137: 12067: 12048: 12027: 12008: 11863: 11660: 11630: 11600: 11366: 11351: 11292: 11263: 11235: 11203: 11146: 11121:Ayyar, L. V. Ramaswami (1936). 11114: 11048: 11039: 10964: 10952:from the original on 5 May 2021 10925: 10886: 10849: 10821: 10770: 10592: 10570: 10557: 10540: 10509: 10491: 10466: 10341: 10257: 10218: 10134: 10108: 10082: 9720:highest media exposure in India 9565:winning poets and writers like 9503:. The poetry was translated by 8906:For the first 600 years of the 8813:(known as the father of modern 7676:Number system and other symbols 5256:(for e.g. the cognate of Tamil 3445:International Phonetic Alphabet 3397:. There is also a considerable 3299:Taluk. Around one-third of the 2037:winning poets and writers like 1700:) by 15th century CE. The poem 20359:Christian liturgical languages 19720:Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve 14565:: Asian Educational Services. 14507:Catechism of Malayalam Grammar 13388:(PhD). Department of History. 13264:Andronov, Mikhail Sergeevich. 13056:Alex, Shiju (22 August 2013). 13022:Alex, Shiju (22 August 2013). 12662:Dowla Khan, Sameer ud (2021). 12419:Malayalam (Namboodiri Dialect) 12074:Abha, why have you forsaken me 12055:Malayalam (Namboodiri Dialect) 11982:. Peter Lang. pp. 44–45. 11898:. Sahitya Akademi. p. 3. 11581:Ke Rāmacandr̲an Nāyar (1971). 11379:. Asian Educational Services. 10553:. Travancore Government Press. 10315:. Cambridge University Press. 10090:"P&ARD Official Languages" 10056: 10026: 9994: 9981: 9954: 9935: 9917: 9149:The literary works written in 8869:, which is otherwise known as 8788:, both from the 12th century. 7570:(doesn't occur word finally.) 7274: 6012: 5441: 3997:kai, vāypa, auṣadhaṁ, cey, koy 2260:. The community dialects are: 2105:, due to the long heritage of 1945:The Father of modern Malayalam 1757: 1500:also completely diverged from 827:spoken in the Indian state of 1: 20389:Subject–object–verb languages 20307:Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram 20257:Tourist attractions in Kannur 17234:Scheduled languages in states 16501:Women in Malayalam literature 15859:Adhyathmaramayanam Kilippattu 15286: 15096: 14830:History of Malayalam Language 14807:: Educational Supplies Depot. 13325:. Department of Archaeology, 12813:Varma, A.R. Rajaraja (2005). 12788:Varma, A.R. Rajaraja (2005). 12579:Some features of Ceylon Tamil 12354:. Retrieved 22 November 2014. 11373:Menon, T. K. Krishna (1939). 10893:Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) . 10565:Malabar and Anjengo, volume 1 10563:C. A. Innes and F. B. Evans, 10351:; Srirangaraj Setlur (2009). 9853: 9591:Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri 9247:Adhyathmaramayanam Kilippattu 8901: 8651: 7278: 7157:, which was used for writing 7122:and the union territories of 5300:in monosyllabic words became 5278:mūnnŭ, marunnŭ, kaññi, teṅṅŭ. 5274:mūṉṟu, maruntu, kañci, teṅku, 5124:The letter ഫ represents both 4035: 3940:(represented in Malayalam as 3930:(represented in Malayalam as 3495:The first letter in Malayalam 2399:area is influenced by Tamil. 2059:Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri 1737:Adhyathmaramayanam Kilippattu 1275:(cursive Pahlavi script) and 891:worldwide, especially in the 831:and the union territories of 14884:: Annu Chithra Publications. 14817:A History of Malayalam Metre 14555:T. K. Krishna Menon (1939). 14496:: Church Missionary Society. 14081:"Malabar English Dictionary" 13810:"Jnanpith given to Akkitham" 12616:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 12513:JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3126 L2/06-207 12291:"Census of India – Language" 12064:– Cambridge University Press 11895:Eng Adityan Radha And Others 11583:Early Manipravalam: a study. 11360:Cultural Symbiosis in Kerala 11358:Narayanan, M. G. S. (1972). 11082:Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013). 10473:Menon, A. Sreedhara (2008). 10201:Literary Cultures in History 9531:Poonthottam Achhan Nambudiri 9448: 9081:is used just by the meaning 8770:has been presented with six 8569:which was popular among the 8221: 8161:) (100×1000), 10,00,000 as " 5461: 5170:and approximants other than 3861:"name" was once written as ⟨ 3416: 2947: 2844: 2757: 2669:The Muslim dialect known as 2588:and early Malayalam, called 2349:Voiced retroflex approximant 1947:. The development of modern 1748:written by Ezhuthachan, and 1438:northern districts of Kerala 1042: 7: 20384:Official languages of India 20364:Classical Language in India 20190:Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen 19394:Cannanore Portuguese creole 19377:Other languages and creoles 16349:Megalithic graffiti symbols 16102:Kuchelavritham Vanchippattu 15055: 15049: 15043: 14994:Erumeli Parameswaran Pillai 14666:Verghese Ittiavira (1968). 14392:. Oxford University Press. 13240:"Development of Literature" 13213:Nampoothiri, N. M. (1999), 12473:Department of Linguistics, 12464:Haowen Jiang (April 2010). 11744:Accessions List, South Asia 11305:Studies in People's History 11242:Broughton Richmond (1956), 10938:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 10550:The Travancore State Manual 9741: 9661:P. C. Kuttikrishnan (Uroob) 9633:Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai 9621:The travelogues written by 9575:Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai 9535:Poonthottam Mahan Nambudiri 9523:Venmani Achhan Nambudiripad 9476:Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar 9322:Impact of European scholars 9257:written by Ezhuthachan and 9153:were heavily influenced by 8688: 8682: 8672: 8534:East Syriac Script Thaksa ( 8525: 8456:, was used in the south of 8357: 8315: 8299: 8293: 8287: 8252: 8228: 8117: 8096: 8075: 8054: 8039: 7807:Hindu-Arabic numeral system 7794: 7776:Archaic punctuation marks. 7740: 7702: 7654: 7621: 7588: 7549: 7511: 7473: 7438: 7427: 7412: 7369: 7331: 7265: 7249: 7110:A Malayalam signboard from 6943:Words adopted from Sanskrit 6933: 6920: 6907: 6894: 6881: 6868: 6855: 6842: 6824: 6811: 6798: 6785: 6772: 6759: 6746: 6733: 6715: 6702: 6689: 6676: 6663: 6650: 6637: 6624: 6606: 6593: 6580: 6567: 6554: 6541: 6528: 6515: 6497: 6484: 6471: 6458: 6445: 6432: 6419: 6406: 6388: 6375: 6362: 6349: 6336: 6323: 6310: 6297: 6279: 6266: 6253: 6240: 6227: 6214: 6201: 6188: 6170: 6157: 6144: 6131: 6118: 6105: 6092: 6079: 5360:but 'maroon' got loaned as 5272:were unchanged, e.g. Tamil 5014: 5008: 5002: 3948: 3826: 3169:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 3104: 3082: 3055: 3040: 3022: 3007: 2993:, 'a type of boat' 2989: 2970:Malayo-Polynesian languages 2962: 2929: 2914: 2892: 2877: 2859: 2826: 2799: 2772: 2739: 2724: 2706: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2409: 2116: 2047:Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai 1651:were heavily influenced by 1643:, those were used to write 1373: 1295:due to the presence of the 1257:Quilon Syrian copper plates 1173: 1167: 1161: 1155: 1149: 1143: 1137: 1131: 1075: 1065: 1055: 1049: 932:Quilon Syrian copper plates 853:Classical Language of India 802: 497:Official languages of India 43: 23:, an Austronesian language. 16:Dravidian language of India 10: 20405: 17311:list by number of speakers 15614:Kerala Literature Festival 15589:World Malayalam Conference 14940:Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer 14720:Krishna Chaitanya (1971). 14669:Social Novels in Malayalam 14626:A Survey of Kerala History 14367: 11299:Veluthat, Kesavan (2018). 11187:Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju. 11153:Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju. 10499:"August 23, 2010 Archives" 10116:"Languages in Lakshadweep" 9672:Sundarikalum Sundaranmarum 9527:Venmani Mahan Nambudiripad 9452: 9340:Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar 9057:region). Furthermore, the 8963: 8886:Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar 8655: 8467: 8463: 8388:that was used for writing 8326: 7798: 7714:after a word that ends in 7710:of the word-initial vowel 7059: 6950: 5493: 5489: 5453: 5072:and a word formed with it 4021:"twisted, stick, marble", 3982:, l̥) and long vocalic l ( 3329:Just before independence, 3117: 2941: 2838: 2027:Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer 1959:, due to the influence of 1955:, which was used to write 1496:) by the 13th century CE. 1327:(2nd–3rd century CE), and 1246: 1053:originated from the words 1007:Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar 18: 20325: 20207: 20157: 20114: 20073: 20032: 19981: 19933: 19924: 19914:colleges and universities 19803: 19770:Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 19710: 19677: 19607: 19504: 19448: 19422: 19376: 19181: 19170: 19126: 19071: 19044: 19027: 18985: 18955: 18934: 18927: 18883: 18833: 18826: 18788: 18781: 18751: 18708: 18556: 18481: 18472: 18444: 18423: 18404: 18334: 18318: 18212: 18169: 18149: 18131: 18063: 18030: 17997: 17990: 17963: 17875: 17852: 17829: 17791: 17753: 17735: 17702: 17674: 17641: 17471: 17426: 17383: 17360: 17351: 17283: 17209: 17060: 16925: 16912: 16762: 16633: 16612: 16601: 16535: 16509: 16488: 16480:Romanization of Malayalam 16457: 16436: 16420: 16397: 16341: 16301: 16285: 16267: 16241: 16203: 16175: 16130: 16067: 15907: 15779: 15649: 15631: 15622: 15581: 15556: 15510: 15492: 15474: 15406: 15397: 15365: 15327: 15301: 15294: 14517:: Government Book Depot. 14407:Mahapatra, B. P. (1989). 13486:Malayalam Resource Centre 13217:(PDF) in Cherian, P. J., 12021:29 September 2007 at the 11848:Malayalam Literary Survey 11401:– via Google Books. 10639:Caldwell, Robert (1875). 10516:Caldwell, Robert (1998). 10357:. Springer. p. 126. 10163:Ayyar, Ramaswami (1936). 9948:29 September 2007 at the 9793:Malayalam (Unicode block) 9729: 9627:Kavalam Narayana Panicker 9547:Velutheri Kesavan Vaidyar 9467:Malayalam letters on old 9358:, Kerala pazhama (1868), 9089:was written somewhere in 8898:in late 19th century CE. 8699:Classical songs known as 8616:, otherwise known as the 8506: 8441: 8351: 8245: 8214: 8205: 8199: 8193: 8187: 8181: 8175: 8169: 8163: 8157: 8151: 8145: 8135: 8124: 8111: 8103: 8090: 8082: 8069: 8061: 8048: 8033: 8022: 8015: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7987: 7980: 7977: 7974: 7971: 7968: 7965: 7891: 7880: 7869: 7866: 7863: 7860: 7857: 7854: 7851: 7848: 7845: 7842: 7839: 7836: 7833: 7830: 7821: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7763: 7753: 7748: 7734: 7687: 7682: 7660: 7642: 7640: 7627: 7609: 7607: 7594: 7576: 7574: 7566: 7555: 7537: 7535: 7527: 7517: 7499: 7497: 7489: 7479: 7461: 7459: 7451: 7443: 7432: 7418: 7400: 7398: 7390: 7375: 7357: 7355: 7347: 7337: 7319: 7317: 7312: 7309: 7306: 7303: 7300: 7259: 7243: 6927: 6914: 6901: 6888: 6875: 6862: 6849: 6836: 6831: 6818: 6805: 6792: 6779: 6766: 6753: 6740: 6727: 6722: 6709: 6696: 6683: 6670: 6657: 6644: 6631: 6618: 6613: 6600: 6587: 6574: 6561: 6548: 6535: 6522: 6509: 6504: 6491: 6478: 6465: 6452: 6439: 6426: 6413: 6400: 6395: 6382: 6369: 6356: 6343: 6330: 6317: 6304: 6291: 6286: 6273: 6260: 6247: 6234: 6221: 6208: 6195: 6182: 6177: 6164: 6151: 6138: 6125: 6112: 6099: 6086: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6042: 6039: 6022: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5831: 5795: 5682:niṉte (also niṉ, niṉṉute) 5606: 5603: 5600: 5594: 5538:in late 19th century CE. 5467: 5182: 5176: 5142: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5023: 4937: 4901: 4867: 4850: 4831: 4816: 4799: 4778: 4765: 4749: 4730: 4707: 4690: 4671: 4645: 4628: 4611: 4592: 4575: 4547: 4530: 4507: 4490: 4470: 4453: 4425: 4408: 4385: 4366: 4349: 4334: 4321: 4304: 4281: 4264: 4247: 4230: 4215: 4192: 4175: 4158: 4141: 4133: 4116: 4099: 4079: 4074: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4042: 3984: 3974: 3964: 3954: 3942: 3932: 3897: 3891: 3877: 3863: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3768: 3752: 3731: 3714: 3705: 3686: 3669: 3650: 3635: 3626: 3607: 3590: 3560: 3545: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3501: 3486: 3379:Rockland County, New York 3375:Bergen County, New Jersey 3219: 3206: 3193: 3180: 3167: 3154: 3141: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3098: 3092: 3076: 3074: 3061: 3049: 3047: 3028: 3016: 3014: 3001: 2995: 2983: 2981: 2968: 2956: 2954: 2935: 2923: 2921: 2908: 2902: 2886: 2884: 2865: 2853: 2851: 2832: 2820: 2818: 2811: 2805: 2793: 2791: 2778: 2776:, 'post or mail' 2766: 2764: 2745: 2733: 2731: 2712: 2700: 2698: 2640:Jewish Malayalam dialects 2355:. For example, the words 2339:have few influences from 1776: 1488:gradually developed into 796: 719: 711: 703: 695: 638: 629: 615: 599: 583: 565: 547: 542: 521: 490:Official language in 488: 483: 406: 305: 270: 174: 158: 148: 102: 92: 68: 50: 37: 35: 30: 19745:Eravikulam National Park 19697:2016 Paravur temple fire 19399:Cochin Portuguese creole 16233:Viswasahityavijnanakosam 16027:Karthyaveerarjunavijayam 15109:templates for discussion 15041:Often transliterated as 15010: 14928:P. Govindapilla (1881). 14661:: Asia Publishing House. 14410:Constitutional Languages 14215:10 February 2010 at the 13839:ANI (29 November 2019). 13419:Panakkal, Abbas (2016). 13327:government of Tamil Nadu 12652:BU Press, Bozen-Bolzano. 12576:Zvelebil, Kamil (1965). 12506:"Malayalam cillaksarams" 11870:"Edasseri Govindan Nair" 11317:10.1177/2348448918759852 10828:Barbosa, Duarte (1989). 9966:, UNESCO, archived from 9929:14 November 2018 at the 9616: 9553:) rather than Sanskrit. 9385:in association with the 9230:Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan 8960:Old and Middle Malayalam 8845:of 17th–18th centuries ( 8728:Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan 7223:Free Software Foundation 7141:scripts. But it was the 5934:nammaḷkkŭ (also namukkŭ) 5909:ñaṅṅaḷuḍe (also ñaṅṅuḍe) 5541: 5474:Romanisation (ISO 15919) 3256:, and 406,358 (1.2%) in 3134:Malayalam speakers 2011 2031:Vallathol Narayana Menon 1921:Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan 1720:Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan 1631:were also used to write 1510:Unnichiruthevi Charitham 1454:Pallava/Southern Grantha 1440:, those lie adjacent to 847:people. It is one of 22 165:: 37 million (2011) 19:Not to be confused with 19854:Saint Thomas Christians 19664:United Democratic Front 19440:Languages of South Asia 17745:Sri Lankan Creole Malay 17277:languages of South Asia 16150:Unnichiruthevi Charitam 15128:Encyclopædia Britannica 14974:P. K. Parameswaran Nair 14892:; T. C. Kumari (1997). 14845:Ganga Ram Garg (1988). 14600:P. K. Parameswaran Nair 14455:The Dravidian Languages 13896:Kamil Zvelebil (1973). 13296:Encyclopædia Britannica 13229:, retrieved 2009-11-20. 12987:"South Asian Scripts-I" 12249:Encyclopædia Britannica 12247:"Dravidian languages." 12202:Asher & Kumari 1997 12060:28 October 2020 at the 12038:10 January 2012 at the 11976:Amit Chaudhuri (2008). 11706:. Cosmo. p. 4542. 11193:Encyclopædia Britannica 11159:Encyclopædia Britannica 10312:The Dravidian Languages 10270:Encyclopedia Britannica 10183:Asher & Kumari 1997 9656:Ntuppuppakkoranendarnnu 9647:Vaikom Muhammad Basheer 9641:(Shrimps) in 1956. For 9611:Vaikom Muhammed Basheer 9541:(Royal Family) such as 9121:Unnichirudevi Charitham 9067:Ananthapura Lake Temple 8952:. Some of the earliest 8571:Saint Thomas Christians 7984: 7903: 7425:Historically stood for 7088:Saint Thomas Christians 5264:and pronounced nanni); 3962:, r̥), long vocalic r ( 3881:⟩, and the Southern or 3405:regions, especially in 2974: 2489:dialect, especially in 2083:Vaikom Muhammed Basheer 1682:Thunchan Parambu, Tirur 20158:Organisations/Agencies 19982:Dance / Drama / Cinema 19765:Nelliampathi Mountains 16389:Arabi Malayalam script 15599:Kerala Sahitya Akademi 14799:R. Leela Devi (1977). 14583:Evolution of Malayalam 13357:The New Indian Express 13280:Burnell (1874), p. 35. 13146:Burnell (1874), p. 39. 12541:Hamann, Silke (2003). 12323:. Censusindia.gov.in. 12016:Dravidian Encyclopedia 11700:Subodh Kapoor (2002). 11270:R. Leela Devi (1986). 11009:Gopinathan Nair (2009) 10547:V. Nagam Aiya (1906). 9943:Dravidian Encyclopedia 9587:Edasseri Govindan Nair 9511: 9472: 9389:started a seminary at 9387:Syriac Orthodox Church 9379:Church Mission Society 9335: 9308: 9273:, which describes the 9218:Cherusseri Namboothiri 8878:Christian missionaries 8827:Cherusseri Namboothiri 8724:Cherusseri Namboothiri 8614:Arabi Malayalam script 8609: 8547: 8536:Chaldean Syrian Church 8485: 8452:Another variant form, 8380:inscription issued by 8342: 8040:raṇḍāyiratti padimūnnŭ 8034:രണ്ടായിരത്തി പതിമൂന്ന് 7130: 5984:avaril (also avaṟkal) 5953:ñaṅṅaḷāl (also ñaṅṅāl) 5679:eṉte (also eṉ, eṉṉute) 5481: 3496: 3440: 3429: 3131:State/Union Territory 3067: 2784: 2542:Sooranad Kunjan Pillai 2063:Edasseri Govindan Nair 2011:introduced reforms in 1985:, which describes the 1977:Arabi Malayalam script 1708:Cherusseri Namboothiri 1684: 1670:Copy of Ezhuthachan's 1448:was mostly written in 1424:kings, as well as the 1331:(9th century CE) were 1284: 1184:works in the regional 893:Persian Gulf countries 744: 640:This article contains 530:Kerala Sahitya Akademi 458:Arabi Malayalam script 19659:Left Democratic Front 19594:Perumpadapu Swaroopam 19534:Chovvanur burial cave 19062:Proto-South Dravidian 16640:Constitution of India 15314:Proto-South Dravidian 14978:മലയാള സാഹിത്യചരിത്രം 14954:Travancore University 14813:N. V. Krishna Warrier 14681:T. Bhaskaran (1970). 14580:A. C. Sekhar (1953). 13967:"Syro Malabar Church" 12920:Malayalam Self-Taught 12504:Muller, Eric (2006). 12204:, pp. xxiv, xxv. 11189:"Dravidian Languages" 10648:16 March 2016 at the 9539:Kodungallur Kovilakam 9498: 9466: 9329: 9291: 9242:Kingdom of Valluvanad 8896:A. R. Raja Raja Varma 8604: 8533: 8518:while Malayalam is a 8477: 8468:Further information: 8336: 8327:Further information: 8285:have distinct names ( 8043:). It is split into: 7109: 5685:avaṉte (also avaṉute) 5559:(although the modern 5536:A. R. Raja Raja Varma 5518:possessive adjectives 5426:The pronunciation of 5087:) 'enroll' or ഹെൻറി ( 3494: 3438: 3424: 3279:and Puttur taluks of 3252:, 957,705 (2.70%) in 2371:(Come/Mouth), become 2014:Attakkatha literature 1732:Kingdom of Valluvanad 1669: 1494:Madhyakaala Malayalam 1291:from the rest of the 1254: 997:A. R. Raja Raja Varma 739: 20302:Estuaries of Paravur 20287:Muzhappilangad Beach 20277:Tourism in Kasaragod 20165:Nair Service Society 19687:1988 Perumon tragedy 19636:Legislative Assembly 19554:Kingdom of Cannanore 19127:Non-tribal languages 16522:Malayalam journalism 16475:Malayalam University 16293:Varthamanappusthakam 15879:Irupathinalu Vrittam 15834:Sivarathri Mahatmyam 15641:List of Sangam poets 15582:Global organizations 15032:Only occurs after ṉ. 15004:: Vidyarthi Mithram. 14486:Joseph Peet (1841). 14434:. Psychology Press. 14135:12 July 2013 at the 14087:on 7 September 2006. 13902:. BRILL. p. 3. 13637:keralaliterature.com 13090:Ager, Simon (1998). 12852:, Nasrani Foundation 12848:11 June 2014 at the 12485:on 11 September 2012 12350:4 March 2016 at the 12236:Government of Kerala 12230:10 June 2011 at the 12130:4 April 2014 at the 12125:Prayer from the Past 12104:10 July 2013 at the 11875:1 March 2023 at the 11775:Indian Writing Today 11155:"Malayalam language" 10865:indianculture.gov.in 10475:The legacy of Kerala 10225:Tintu, K.J. (2019). 9991:, Edinburgh, p. 300. 9987:Laurie Bauer, 2007, 9970:on 28 September 2005 9818:Malayalam literature 9736:political radicalism 9686:M. T. Vasudevan Nair 9579:M. T. Vasudevan Nair 9455:Malayalam journalism 9413:. It was printed at 9345:Varthamanappusthakam 9238:Poonthanam Nambudiri 9196:Pathinettara Kavikal 9163:Malayalam literature 9115:The works including 9077:of Kerala. The word 9073:in the northernmost 8948:(Southern songs) in 8940:(Northern songs) in 8882:Varthamanappusthakam 8859:Malayalam literature 8835:Poonthanam Nambudiri 8815:Malayalam literature 8768:Malayalam literature 8764:political radicalism 8760:Malayalam literature 8756:Malayalam journalism 8744:Malayalam literature 8732:Poonthanam Nambudiri 8720:Malayalam literature 8658:Malayalam literature 8323:Vattezhuthu alphabet 7958:Tamil numeral system 7749:Malayalam date mark 7205:in the same year at 5607:3rd person (distal) 5604:2nd person informal 5290:avai, māṅgāy, veṇṇey 5240:, almost all of the 4961:subapical consonants 3120:Kerala Gulf diaspora 2743:, 'baptism' 2607:(court of justice), 2525:Kanyakumari district 2523:Tamil spoken in the 2051:M. T. Vasudevan Nair 2019:Malayalam journalism 1975:, which is known as 1728:Poonthanam Nambudiri 1661:Malayalam literature 1579:Pathinettara Kavikal 1560:Malayalam literature 1498:Malayalam literature 1436:were found from the 1180:The earliest extant 1002:Varthamanappusthakam 812:[mɐlɐjaːɭɐm] 535:Government of Kerala 122:Kanyakumari district 74:[mɐlɐjaːɭɐm] 20195:Syro-Malabar Church 19649:Saptakakshi Munnani 19524:Ariyannur Umbrellas 19430:Dravidian languages 18312:Dravidian languages 18260:Pure Tamil movement 17816:Southern Nicobarese 17062:100,000 – 1 million 16527:Malayalam Knowledge 16428:Malayalam phonology 16319:Niranam Grandhavari 16314:Samkshepa Vedartham 16047:Rugmineeswayamvaram 16022:Ambareeshacharitham 16007:Rugmangadacharitham 15947:Kalyanasaugandhikam 15899:Santanagopalam Pana 15849:Adhyathma Ramayanam 15809:Bhasha Bhagavadgita 14874:K. Ayyappa Panicker 14782:K. Ayyappa Panicker 14378:. pp. 680–683. 14235:, Kerala Government 14154:14 May 2013 at the 13756:. 15 October 2017. 13697:Attakatha sahithyam 13122:"Vazhapally Temple" 12682:Krishnamurti (2003) 12179:. 16 January 2017. 12079:25 May 2019 at the 11143:, pp. 152–153. 9813:Malayalam languages 9509:Abhijnanasakuntalam 9478:, (1861–1914) from 9177:. The 14th-century 9117:Unniyachi Charitham 9007:. The influence of 8950:Southern Travancore 8884:(1778), written by 8668:Iravatham Mahadevan 8516:Indo-Aryan language 8490:Arthur Coke Burnell 8483:Grantha inscription 8382:Rajashekhara Varman 7297: 7096:Lakshadweep Islands 5874:avar̠ (voc. avarē) 5828: 5591: 5506:Dravidian languages 5064:in Malayalam while 5054:Dravidian languages 3972:, r̥̄), vocalic l ( 3905:is common nowadays. 3059:, 'window' 2933:, 'father' 2863:, 'quorum' 2830:, 'anchor' 2710:, 'mother' 2687: 2592:. The influence of 2276:. Whereas both the 1771: 1698:Aadhunika Malayalam 1609:. The 14th-century 1506:Unniyachi Charitham 1352:Dravidian languages 1115:Kingdom of Ezhimala 849:scheduled languages 460:(mostly historical) 20379:Malayalam language 20222:Athirappilly Falls 20096:Suriyani Malayalam 20086:Malayalam calendar 19730:Kavvayi Backwaters 19702:2018 Kerala floods 19589:Vaikom Satyagraham 19564:Battle of Kulachal 19544:Zamorin of Calicut 19529:Kudakkallu Parambu 19435:Languages of India 19414:Suriyani Malayalam 18591:Suriyani Malayalam 18170:Prestige language- 17806:Central Nicobarese 17214:Linguistic history 16595:Languages of India 16412:Malayalam numerals 16162:Unnuneeli Sandesam 16145:Unniyachi Charitam 16140:Manipravala champu 15889:Bhasha Karnamritam 15839:Kannassa Ramayanam 15799:Manipravala champu 15711:Nizhalkoothu Pattu 15319:Southern Dravidian 15123:Malayalam language 14622:A. Sreedhara Menon 14284:The New York Times 13783:"South Asian arts" 13613:on 14 October 2014 13333:on 11 January 2010 13291:"Grantha alphabet" 13195:on 9 November 2009 12967:on 11 October 2007 12843:Suriyani Malayalam 12295:censusindia.gov.in 12176:The Times of India 11085:Perumals of Kerala 10672:. Ethnologue.com. 10584:3 May 2022 at the 10038:The Indian Express 9963:Official languages 9848:Suriyani Malayalam 9803:Malayalam calendar 9678:In 1957 Basheer's 9512: 9473: 9336: 9309: 9200:Zamorin of Calicut 9146:Unnuneeli Sandesam 9125:Unniyadi Charitham 9093:(most likely near 9075:Kasaragod district 9059:Thiruvananthapuram 8993:Kasaragod district 8908:Malayalam calendar 8849:-based poet), and 8817:) who was born in 8795:(12th century) on 8610: 8551:Suriyani Malayalam 8548: 8520:Dravidian language 8486: 8458:Thiruvananthapuram 8343: 8319:) 'half quarter'. 8209:) (100×100×1000). 7801:Malayalam numerals 7351:(kūṇ, "mushroom") 7292: 7229:in Kochi, Kerala. 7207:Thiruvananthapuram 7175:Kasaragod district 7131: 7094:in Kerala and the 7084:Suriyani Malayalam 6023:Word (translated) 5826: 5641:adŭ (voc. athinē) 5589: 5294:ava, māṅṅa, veṇṇa. 4651:⟨gh⟩ 4634:⟨jh⟩ 4617:⟨ḍh⟩ 4598:⟨dh⟩ 4581:⟨bh⟩ 4496:⟨nṟ⟩ 4431:⟨kh⟩ 4414:⟨ch⟩ 4391:⟨ṭh⟩ 4372:⟨th⟩ 4355:⟨ph⟩ 4270:⟨ṟṟ⟩ 3497: 3441: 3430: 3401:population in the 2937:Māhārāṣṭri Prākrit 2803:, 'apple' 2685: 2389:Thiruvananthapuram 2107:Indian Ocean trade 2095:European languages 1758: 1685: 1677:Adhyatma Ramayanam 1583:Zamorin of Calicut 1568:English literature 1544:Kannassa Bharatham 1540:Kannassa Ramayanam 1535:Unnuneeli Sandesam 1514:Unniyadi Charitham 1391:Malayalam calendar 1323:(1st century CE), 1285: 1083:region'. The term 825:Dravidian language 745: 464:Suriyani Malayalam 20354:Ancient languages 20341: 20340: 20262:Islands of Kollam 20242:Kerala Backwaters 20227:Beaches in Kerala 20203: 20202: 19968:Triumvirate poets 19874:Jainism in Kerala 19790:Sasthamcotta Lake 19599:Malabar Migration 19579:Anglo-Mysore Wars 19461: 19460: 19085: 19084: 19078:extinct languages 19040: 19039: 19012:Kumarbhag Paharia 18981: 18980: 18923: 18922: 18919: 18918: 18777: 18776: 18704: 18703: 18700: 18699: 18391: 18390: 18278: 18277: 18192:Perso-Arabization 18165: 18164: 17986: 17985: 17242: 17241: 17205: 17204: 16908: 16907: 16561: 16560: 16548:Rachana Malayalam 16407:Malayalam grammar 16384:Malayalam Braille 16337: 16336: 16228:Sarvavijnanakosam 16218:Kerala Panineeyam 16155:Unniyadi Charitam 15962:Uttaraswayamvaram 15922:Seethaswayamvaram 15884:Harinama Kirtanam 15844:Kannassa Bharatam 15761:Villadichan Pattu 15680:Vadakkan Pattukal 15577: 15576: 15518:Nambudiri dialect 15393: 15392: 15248:Malayalam edition 14913:978-0-415-02242-2 14838:Madras University 14693:Kerala University 14465:978-1-136-91171-2 14441:978-0-415-02242-2 14420:978-2-7637-7186-1 14399:978-0-19-809977-2 14384:Karashima, Noboru 14255:978-613-9-12064-2 14246:Visakham thirunal 14223:, 5 February 2010 14210:"Banjamin Bailey" 14181:978-81-7835-370-8 13937:"The river sutra" 13909:978-90-04-03591-1 13845:Business Standard 13594:Krishnamurti 2003 13128:on 9 January 2011 12930:978-81-206-1903-6 12898:on 5 October 2010 12824:978-81-7130-672-5 12799:978-81-7130-672-5 12623:978-3-447-04455-4 11989:978-1-906165-01-7 11817:978-0-8364-2423-2 11553:978-0-520-22821-4 11273:History of Kerala 11060:978-81-8267-114-0 10945:978-3-447-05937-4 10802:978-0-520-22821-4 10751:978-81-264-1588-5 10576:M. T. Narayanan, 10529:978-81-206-0117-8 10505:on 27 April 2013. 10484:978-81-264-2157-2 10364:978-1-84800-329-3 10322:978-1-139-43533-8 10211:978-0-520-22821-4 9907:(27th ed., 2024) 9798:Malayalam Braille 9681:Pathummayude Aadu 9557:Twentieth century 9551:Pachcha Malayalam 9314:, the founder of 9143:language include 9127:, are written in 8937:Vadakkan Pattukal 8891:Kerala Panineeyam 8853:of 18th century ( 8837:of 16th century ( 8829:of 15th century ( 8823:Unnunili Sandesam 8807:Adhyatmaramayanam 8664:Sangam literature 8242:would be read as 8143:And 1,00,000 as " 8029: 8028: 7954: 7953: 7792: 7791: 7673: 7672: 7667:Not in modern use 7634:Not in modern use 7601:Not in modern use 7562:Not in modern use 7209:, the capital of 7163:Coastal Karnataka 7066:Malayalam braille 7042:Along with these 6940: 6939: 6010: 6009: 5824: 5823: 5638:avaḷ (voc. avaḷē) 5635:avaṉ (voc. avaṉē) 5575:Personal pronouns 5553:Alveolar plosives 5531:Kerala Panineeyam 5526:grammatical cases 5496:Malayalam grammar 5352:or more commonly 5140:like in the word 4956: 4955: 4943:⟨ṟ⟩ 4907:⟨r⟩ 4873:⟨ḷ⟩ 4856:⟨l⟩ 4822:⟨y⟩ 4805:⟨ḻ⟩ 4784:⟨v⟩ 4755:⟨h⟩ 4736:⟨ś⟩ 4713:⟨ṣ⟩ 4696:⟨s⟩ 4677:⟨f⟩ 4565: 4553:⟨g⟩ 4536:⟨j⟩ 4513:⟨ḍ⟩ 4476:⟨d⟩ 4459:⟨b⟩ 4443: 4339: 4327:⟨k⟩ 4310:⟨c⟩ 4287:⟨ṭ⟩ 4253:⟨t⟩ 4236:⟨p⟩ 4220: 4198:⟨ṅ⟩ 4181:⟨ñ⟩ 4164:⟨ṇ⟩ 4147:⟨ṉ⟩ 4122:⟨n⟩ 4105:⟨m⟩ 3832:epenthentic vowel 3763: 3762: 3473:Kasargod district 3461:coastal Karnataka 3436: 3273:Nilgiris district 3238: 3237: 3111: 3110: 3026:, 'duck' 2966:, 'boat' 2671:Mappila Malayalam 2413:meaning 'fool'), 2087:Semitic languages 1918: 1917: 1769:Malayalam scripts 1635:. In addition to 1532:language include 1516:, are written in 1361: 1329:Kulasekhara Alvar 1279:(standard square 1111:Kingdom of Cochin 1095:The land of hills 992:Kerala Panineeyam 965:letters to adopt 955:Vatteluttu script 889:Malayali Diaspora 857:official language 737: 727: 726: 666: 665: 648:rendering support 644:phonetic symbols. 523:Regulated by 429:Malayalam Braille 338: 137: 125: 20396: 20335:India portal 20333: 20332: 20331: 20024:Cinema of Kerala 19931: 19930: 19894:Scheduled Tribes 19584:Battle of Quilon 19488: 19481: 19474: 19465: 19464: 19259:Attapady Kurumba 19182:Tribal languages 19176: 19112: 19105: 19098: 19089: 19088: 18992: 18991: 18932: 18931: 18831: 18830: 18786: 18785: 18479: 18478: 18462:Attapady Kurumba 18363:Maundadan Chetti 18341: 18340: 18332: 18331: 18325: 18324: 18305: 18298: 18291: 18282: 18281: 18265:Sanskrit revival 18255:Punjabi Movement 18220:Bengali movement 17995: 17994: 17362:Great Andamanese 17358: 17357: 17269: 17262: 17255: 17246: 17245: 16923: 16922: 16763:State-level only 16610: 16609: 16588: 16581: 16574: 16565: 16564: 16517:Malayalam cinema 16465:Venmani Movement 16354:Grantha alphabet 16082:Rajaratnavaliyam 16052:Lavanasuravadham 16037:Duryodhanavadham 15972:Narakasuravadham 15701:Mavaratham Pattu 15691:Bhadrakali Pattu 15686:Thekkan Pattukal 15629: 15628: 15404: 15403: 15357:Modern Malayalam 15345:Middle Malayalam 15299: 15298: 15281: 15274: 15267: 15258: 15257: 15252: 15244: 15243: 15242: 15235: 15227: 15226: 15225: 15218: 15210: 15209: 15208: 15201: 15193: 15192: 15191: 15184: 15176: 15175: 15174: 15167: 15159: 15158: 15157: 15147: 15084: 15081: 15075: 15072: 15060: 15058: 15052: 15046: 15039: 15033: 15030: 15024: 15021: 15005: 14989: 14969: 14967: 14965: 14935: 14917: 14885: 14869: 14850: 14841: 14824: 14808: 14795: 14777: 14745: 14716: 14714: 14712: 14677: 14662: 14646: 14617: 14595: 14576: 14551: 14533: 14531: 14529: 14523: 14512: 14497: 14469: 14445: 14424: 14403: 14379: 14361: 14360: 14358: 14356: 14337: 14331: 14330: 14328: 14326: 14307: 14301: 14300: 14298: 14296: 14274: 14268: 14267: 14242: 14236: 14230: 14224: 14207: 14201: 14200: 14195: 14193: 14165: 14159: 14146: 14140: 14127: 14121: 14120: 14118: 14116: 14111:on 27 March 2010 14095: 14089: 14088: 14083:. Archived from 14077: 14071: 14065: 14059: 14058: 14054:Leelavathi, M., 14051: 14045: 14044: 14042: 14040: 14034: 14027: 14019: 13998: 13997: 13989: 13983: 13982: 13980: 13978: 13973:on 17 March 2015 13969:. Archived from 13963: 13957: 13956: 13954: 13952: 13932: 13926: 13925: 13923: 13921: 13893: 13887: 13886: 13884: 13882: 13873:. Archived from 13867: 13861: 13860: 13858: 13856: 13836: 13830: 13829: 13827: 13825: 13805: 13799: 13798: 13796: 13794: 13779: 13770: 13769: 13767: 13765: 13754:Deccan Chronicle 13746: 13740: 13739: 13737: 13735: 13730:on 23 March 2006 13720: 13714: 13713: 13711: 13709: 13691: 13685: 13682: 13676: 13675: 13673: 13671: 13651: 13645: 13644: 13643:on 7 April 2019. 13639:. Archived from 13629: 13623: 13622: 13620: 13618: 13603: 13597: 13591: 13585: 13584: 13582: 13580: 13560: 13554: 13553: 13551: 13549: 13529: 13523: 13522: 13520: 13518: 13503: 13497: 13494: 13488: 13483: 13477: 13474: 13468: 13467: 13465: 13463: 13445: 13439: 13438: 13436: 13434: 13416: 13410: 13409: 13407: 13405: 13379: 13373: 13372: 13370: 13368: 13349: 13343: 13342: 13340: 13338: 13329:. Archived from 13319: 13313: 13312: 13310: 13308: 13287: 13281: 13278: 13269: 13262: 13256: 13255: 13253: 13251: 13236: 13230: 13211: 13205: 13204: 13202: 13200: 13185: 13176: 13175: 13173: 13171: 13156: 13147: 13144: 13138: 13137: 13135: 13133: 13118: 13112: 13111: 13109: 13107: 13087: 13078: 13077: 13075: 13073: 13058:"മലയാള അക്കങ്ങൾ" 13053: 13044: 13043: 13041: 13039: 13030:(in Malayalam). 13024:"മലയാള അക്കങ്ങൾ" 13019: 13013: 13012: 13010: 13008: 13002: 12991: 12983: 12977: 12976: 12974: 12972: 12963:. Archived from 12953: 12947: 12946: 12944: 12942: 12914: 12908: 12907: 12905: 12903: 12894:. Archived from 12888: 12882: 12881: 12879: 12877: 12859: 12853: 12840: 12829: 12828: 12815:Keralapanineeyam 12810: 12804: 12803: 12790:Keralapanineeyam 12785: 12779: 12778: 12776: 12774: 12768: 12762:. Archived from 12761: 12753: 12747: 12744: 12738: 12737: 12729: 12723: 12722: 12720: 12718: 12703: 12697: 12691: 12685: 12679: 12673: 12672: 12670: 12659: 12653: 12646: 12640: 12639: 12637: 12635: 12607: 12601: 12598: 12592: 12591: 12573: 12567: 12566: 12564: 12562: 12556: 12549: 12538: 12532: 12531: 12529: 12527: 12521: 12510: 12501: 12495: 12494: 12492: 12490: 12484: 12478:. Archived from 12470: 12461: 12436: 12435: 12433: 12431: 12413: 12396: 12387: 12381: 12380: 12378: 12376: 12361: 12355: 12343: 12337: 12336: 12334: 12332: 12317: 12311: 12310: 12308: 12306: 12287: 12278: 12277: 12275: 12273: 12258: 12252: 12245: 12239: 12220: 12214: 12211: 12205: 12199: 12193: 12192: 12190: 12188: 12167: 12161: 12160: 12158: 12156: 12141: 12135: 12122: 12109: 12096: 12083: 12071: 12065: 12052: 12046: 12031: 12025: 12012: 12006: 12005: 12003: 12001: 11973: 11964: 11963: 11961: 11959: 11931: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11917: 11889: 11880: 11867: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11856: 11843: 11834: 11833: 11831: 11829: 11801: 11792: 11791: 11789: 11787: 11770: 11761: 11760: 11758: 11756: 11739: 11730: 11729: 11727: 11725: 11697: 11688: 11687: 11685: 11683: 11664: 11658: 11657: 11655: 11653: 11634: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11623: 11604: 11598: 11595: 11586: 11579: 11570: 11569: 11567: 11565: 11537: 11528: 11527: 11520: 11511: 11510: 11500: 11403: 11402: 11400: 11398: 11370: 11364: 11363: 11355: 11349: 11348: 11346: 11344: 11296: 11290: 11289: 11287: 11285: 11267: 11261: 11260: 11259: 11257: 11239: 11233: 11232: 11230: 11228: 11222: 11215: 11207: 11201: 11200: 11184: 11175: 11174: 11172: 11170: 11150: 11144: 11138: 11129: 11128: 11118: 11112: 11111: 11109: 11107: 11079: 11062: 11052: 11046: 11043: 11037: 11036: 11021: 11012: 11006: 11000: 10994: 10988: 10987: 10985: 10983: 10968: 10962: 10961: 10959: 10957: 10929: 10923: 10922: 10920: 10918: 10890: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10879: 10873: 10862: 10853: 10847: 10846: 10825: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10814: 10786: 10777: 10774: 10768: 10767: 10765: 10763: 10740:Kerala Charitram 10733: 10686: 10685: 10683: 10681: 10666: 10653: 10637: 10631: 10630: 10628: 10626: 10603:Kerala Charitram 10596: 10590: 10574: 10568: 10561: 10555: 10554: 10544: 10538: 10537: 10513: 10507: 10506: 10501:. Archived from 10495: 10489: 10488: 10470: 10464: 10463: 10448: 10425: 10424: 10422: 10420: 10414: 10403: 10394: 10381: 10380: 10378: 10376: 10349:Venu Govindaraju 10345: 10339: 10338: 10336: 10334: 10306: 10287: 10286: 10284: 10282: 10261: 10255: 10254: 10222: 10216: 10215: 10195: 10186: 10180: 10171: 10170: 10160: 10154: 10153: 10151: 10149: 10138: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10127: 10112: 10106: 10105: 10103: 10101: 10092:. Archived from 10086: 10080: 10079: 10077: 10075: 10070:on 25 March 2015 10066:. Archived from 10060: 10054: 10053: 10051: 10049: 10030: 10024: 10023: 10021: 10019: 9998: 9992: 9985: 9979: 9978: 9977: 9975: 9958: 9952: 9939: 9933: 9921: 9915: 9914: 9913: 9896: 9887: 9886: 9884: 9882: 9867: 9823:Malayalam poetry 9808:Malayalam cinema 9772: 9770:Languages portal 9767: 9766: 9758: 9753: 9752: 9751: 9643:S. K. Pottekkatt 9623:S. K. Pottekkatt 9571:S. K. Pottekkatt 9567:G. Sankara Kurup 9469:Travancore Rupee 9417:. Malayalam and 9298:Thunchan Parambu 9279:Cheraman Perumal 9234:Kingdom of Tanur 9206:Modern Malayalam 9169:literally means 9151:Middle Malayalam 9129:Middle Malayalam 8970:Middle Malayalam 8946:Thekkan Pattukal 8778:Malayalam poetry 8772:Jnanapith awards 8691: 8685: 8679: 8675: 8563:Syriac Malayalam 8509: 8508: 8444: 8443: 8400:in the adjacent 8360: 8354: 8353: 8318: 8312: 8311: 8307: 8302: 8296: 8290: 8284: 8283: 8279: 8274: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8264: 8260: 8255: 8248: 8247: 8241: 8240: 8236: 8231: 8217: 8216: 8208: 8207: 8202: 8201: 8196: 8195: 8190: 8189: 8184: 8183: 8178: 8177: 8172: 8171: 8166: 8165: 8160: 8159: 8154: 8153: 8148: 8147: 8138: 8137: 8127: 8126: 8120: 8114: 8113: 8106: 8105: 8099: 8093: 8092: 8085: 8084: 8079:) : 1000 – 8078: 8072: 8071: 8064: 8063: 8057: 8051: 8050: 8042: 8036: 8035: 8025: 8024: 8018: 8017: 8011: 8010: 8004: 8003: 7997: 7996: 7990: 7989: 7963: 7962: 7900: 7899: 7895: 7889: 7888: 7884: 7878: 7877: 7873: 7828: 7827: 7824: 7823: 7818: 7817: 7813: 7788: 7787: 7773: 7772: 7756: 7755: 7743: 7737: 7736: 7705: 7690: 7689: 7680: 7679: 7663: 7662: 7657: 7650: 7645: 7644: 7630: 7629: 7624: 7617: 7612: 7611: 7597: 7596: 7591: 7584: 7579: 7578: 7569: 7568: 7558: 7557: 7552: 7545: 7540: 7539: 7530: 7529: 7520: 7519: 7514: 7507: 7502: 7501: 7492: 7491: 7482: 7481: 7476: 7469: 7464: 7463: 7455:(avar̠, "they") 7454: 7453: 7446: 7445: 7441: 7435: 7434: 7430: 7421: 7420: 7415: 7408: 7403: 7402: 7393: 7392: 7378: 7377: 7372: 7365: 7360: 7359: 7350: 7349: 7340: 7339: 7334: 7327: 7322: 7321: 7298: 7291: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7252: 7246: 7245: 7219:Richard Stallman 7167:Dakshina Kannada 7151:Malayalam script 7102:Malayalam script 7062:Malayalam script 6975:" → "Sīta" and " 6936: 6930: 6929: 6923: 6917: 6916: 6910: 6904: 6903: 6897: 6891: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6877: 6871: 6865: 6864: 6858: 6852: 6851: 6845: 6839: 6838: 6827: 6821: 6820: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6801: 6795: 6794: 6788: 6782: 6781: 6775: 6769: 6768: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6749: 6743: 6742: 6736: 6730: 6729: 6718: 6712: 6711: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6640: 6634: 6633: 6627: 6621: 6620: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6596: 6590: 6589: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6544: 6538: 6537: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6511: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6448: 6442: 6441: 6435: 6429: 6428: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6409: 6403: 6402: 6391: 6385: 6384: 6378: 6372: 6371: 6365: 6359: 6358: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6332: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6269: 6263: 6262: 6256: 6250: 6249: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6230: 6224: 6223: 6217: 6211: 6210: 6204: 6198: 6197: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6173: 6167: 6166: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6134: 6128: 6127: 6121: 6115: 6114: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6020: 6019: 5829: 5825: 5816: 5813: 5807: 5804: 5592: 5588: 5561:Malayalam script 5470: 5469: 5347: 5327: 5326:/q,x,ɣ,ħ,Cˤ,ʕ,ʔ/ 5323: 5319: 5213: 5209: 5203: 5199: 5196:The approximant 5192: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5180:/kaɭam/ 'cell', 5179: 5178: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5158: 5154: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5120: 5119: 5114: 5113: 5108: 5107: 5102: 5101: 5044: 5043: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5031: 5026: 5025: 5017: 5011: 5005: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4944: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4908: 4904: 4903: 4898: 4874: 4870: 4869: 4864: 4857: 4853: 4852: 4847: 4836: 4823: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4806: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4785: 4781: 4780: 4775: 4768: 4756: 4752: 4751: 4746: 4737: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4721: 4714: 4710: 4709: 4704: 4697: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4652: 4648: 4647: 4642: 4635: 4631: 4630: 4625: 4618: 4614: 4613: 4608: 4599: 4595: 4594: 4589: 4582: 4578: 4577: 4572: 4561: 4554: 4550: 4549: 4544: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4527: 4521: 4514: 4510: 4509: 4504: 4497: 4493: 4492: 4485: 4477: 4473: 4472: 4467: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4450: 4439: 4432: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4415: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4399: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4373: 4369: 4368: 4363: 4356: 4352: 4351: 4346: 4335: 4328: 4324: 4323: 4318: 4311: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4295: 4288: 4284: 4283: 4278: 4271: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4244: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4216: 4199: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4182: 4178: 4177: 4172: 4165: 4161: 4160: 4155: 4148: 4144: 4143: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4113: 4106: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4040: 4039: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3981: 3977: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3966: 3961: 3957: 3956: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3929: 3910: 3900: 3899: 3894: 3893: 3888: 3880: 3879: 3866: 3865: 3856: 3855: 3850: 3849: 3844: 3843: 3838: 3829: 3775: 3771: 3770: 3755: 3754: 3749: 3734: 3733: 3728: 3708: 3707: 3702: 3689: 3688: 3683: 3672: 3671: 3666: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3629: 3628: 3623: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3574: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3499: 3498: 3465:Dakshina Kannada 3439:Spoken Malayalam 3437: 3128: 3127: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3070: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2992: 2986: 2985: 2977: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2814: 2813: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2787: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2747:Classical Syriac 2742: 2736: 2735: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2688: 2684: 2481: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2442: 2436: 2431:'impurity', and 2430: 2424: 2418: 2412: 2337:Malabar District 2190:North Travancore 2043:S. K. Pottekkatt 2039:G. Sankara Kurup 1991:Cheraman Perumal 1949:Malayalam script 1925:Malayalam script 1772: 1724:Kingdom of Tanur 1694:Middle Malayalam 1688:Modern Malayalam 1649:Middle Malayalam 1633:Middle Malayalam 1601:literally means 1518:Middle Malayalam 1502:Tamil literature 1490:Middle Malayalam 1481:Middle Malayalam 1376: 1374:Paḻaya Malayāḷam 1360: 1293:Indian peninsula 1271:(Kufic script), 1176: 1170: 1164: 1158: 1152: 1146: 1140: 1134: 1078: 1068: 1058: 1052: 985:in the adjacent 959:Malayalam script 869:Dakshina Kannada 822: 821: 820: 814: 809: 805: 799: 798: 793: 792: 789: 788: 785: 782: 779: 776: 773: 770: 767: 764: 761: 758: 738: 693: 692: 682:non-Latin script 680:is written in a 674: 634: 625: 611: 595: 588: 579: 578: 570: 561: 560: 552: 512:Mahé, Puducherry 419:Malayalam script 412: 332: 293:Middle Malayalam 180: 131: 119: 88: 87: 86: 84: 76: 62:Malayalam script 55: 46: 40: 39: 28: 27: 20404: 20403: 20399: 20398: 20397: 20395: 20394: 20393: 20344: 20343: 20342: 20337: 20329: 20327: 20321: 20199: 20153: 20110: 20101:Judeo-Malayalam 20091:Arabi Malayalam 20069: 20028: 19977: 19920: 19811: 19807: 19799: 19785:Protected areas 19750:Flora and fauna 19706: 19673: 19626:Chief Ministers 19611: 19603: 19569:Arakkal kingdom 19549:Venad Swaroopam 19500: 19492: 19462: 19457: 19444: 19418: 19409:Judeo-Malayalam 19372: 19177: 19168: 19134:Arabi Malayalam 19122: 19116: 19086: 19081: 19067: 19055:Proto-Dravidian 19046:Proto-languages 19036: 19023: 18977: 18951: 18915: 18879: 18822: 18773: 18747: 18696: 18586:Judeo-Malayalam 18552: 18474: 18468: 18440: 18419: 18400: 18387: 18336: 18314: 18309: 18279: 18274: 18250:Nepali movement 18208: 18204:Sanskritisation 18172: 18171: 18161: 18145: 18127: 18059: 18040:Arabi Malayalam 18026: 17982: 17959: 17871: 17848: 17825: 17787: 17749: 17731: 17698: 17670: 17637: 17467: 17422: 17379: 17353: 17347: 17279: 17273: 17243: 17238: 17224:Multilingualism 17201: 17063: 17056: 16928: 16917: 16915: 16904: 16758: 16638: 16629: 16604: 16597: 16592: 16562: 16557: 16531: 16505: 16484: 16453: 16437:Transliteration 16432: 16416: 16399: 16393: 16374:Brahmic scripts 16333: 16329:Muhyadheen mala 16309:Cherupaithangal 16297: 16281: 16270:natural science 16269: 16268:Mathematics and 16263: 16237: 16205: 16199: 16171: 16126: 16123:Vishwadarshanam 16063: 16017:Subhadraharanam 16012:Santhanagopalam 15977:Poothanamoksham 15903: 15874:Srimahabharatam 15794:Thirunizhalmala 15775: 15751:Thamburan Pattu 15726:Thiyyattu Pattu 15706:Sasthanga Pattu 15645: 15618: 15573: 15552: 15543:Arabi Malayalam 15533:Judeo-Malayalam 15506: 15488: 15470: 15466:Pandy Malayalam 15389: 15361: 15323: 15309:Proto-Dravidian 15290: 15285: 15255: 15245: 15240: 15238: 15234:from Wikivoyage 15228: 15223: 15221: 15211: 15206: 15204: 15194: 15189: 15187: 15177: 15172: 15170: 15166:from Wiktionary 15160: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15146:sister projects 15143:at Knowledge's 15112: 15093: 15088: 15087: 15082: 15078: 15073: 15069: 15064: 15063: 15059:by some others. 15040: 15036: 15031: 15027: 15022: 15018: 15013: 15008: 14986:Sahitya Akademi 14963: 14961: 14914: 14774: 14764:Sahitya Akademi 14742: 14710: 14708: 14643: 14614:Sahitya Akademi 14573: 14538:Hermann Gundert 14527: 14525: 14521: 14510: 14502:Hermann Gundert 14476: 14474:Further reading 14466: 14442: 14421: 14400: 14370: 14365: 14364: 14354: 14352: 14339: 14338: 14334: 14324: 14322: 14309: 14308: 14304: 14294: 14292: 14275: 14271: 14256: 14248:. : Duc. 2012. 14244: 14243: 14239: 14231: 14227: 14217:Wayback Machine 14208: 14204: 14191: 14189: 14182: 14166: 14162: 14156:Wayback Machine 14147: 14143: 14137:Wayback Machine 14128: 14124: 14114: 14112: 14097: 14096: 14092: 14079: 14078: 14074: 14066: 14062: 14052: 14048: 14038: 14036: 14032: 14025: 14021: 14020: 14001: 13990: 13986: 13976: 13974: 13965: 13964: 13960: 13950: 13948: 13933: 13929: 13919: 13917: 13910: 13894: 13890: 13880: 13878: 13869: 13868: 13864: 13854: 13852: 13837: 13833: 13823: 13821: 13806: 13802: 13792: 13790: 13781: 13780: 13773: 13763: 13761: 13748: 13747: 13743: 13733: 13731: 13722: 13721: 13717: 13707: 13705: 13692: 13688: 13683: 13679: 13669: 13667: 13652: 13648: 13631: 13630: 13626: 13616: 13614: 13605: 13604: 13600: 13592: 13588: 13578: 13576: 13561: 13557: 13547: 13545: 13530: 13526: 13516: 13514: 13505: 13504: 13500: 13495: 13491: 13484: 13480: 13475: 13471: 13461: 13459: 13446: 13442: 13432: 13430: 13417: 13413: 13403: 13401: 13380: 13376: 13366: 13364: 13351: 13350: 13346: 13336: 13334: 13321: 13320: 13316: 13306: 13304: 13289: 13288: 13284: 13279: 13272: 13263: 13259: 13249: 13247: 13238: 13237: 13233: 13212: 13208: 13198: 13196: 13187: 13186: 13179: 13169: 13167: 13166:on 25 July 2011 13158: 13157: 13150: 13145: 13141: 13131: 13129: 13120: 13119: 13115: 13105: 13103: 13088: 13081: 13071: 13069: 13054: 13047: 13037: 13035: 13020: 13016: 13006: 13004: 13000: 12989: 12985: 12984: 12980: 12970: 12968: 12955: 12954: 12950: 12940: 12938: 12931: 12915: 12911: 12901: 12899: 12890: 12889: 12885: 12875: 12873: 12860: 12856: 12850:Wayback Machine 12841: 12832: 12825: 12811: 12807: 12800: 12786: 12782: 12772: 12770: 12769:on 31 July 2012 12766: 12759: 12755: 12754: 12750: 12745: 12741: 12730: 12726: 12716: 12714: 12705: 12704: 12700: 12692: 12688: 12680: 12676: 12671:. Reed College. 12668: 12660: 12656: 12647: 12643: 12633: 12631: 12624: 12608: 12604: 12599: 12595: 12574: 12570: 12560: 12558: 12554: 12547: 12539: 12535: 12525: 12523: 12519: 12508: 12502: 12498: 12488: 12486: 12482: 12475:Rice University 12468: 12462: 12439: 12429: 12427: 12414: 12399: 12388: 12384: 12374: 12372: 12363: 12362: 12358: 12352:Wayback Machine 12344: 12340: 12330: 12328: 12319: 12318: 12314: 12304: 12302: 12289: 12288: 12281: 12271: 12269: 12260: 12259: 12255: 12246: 12242: 12232:Wayback Machine 12221: 12217: 12212: 12208: 12200: 12196: 12186: 12184: 12169: 12168: 12164: 12154: 12152: 12143: 12142: 12138: 12132:Wayback Machine 12123: 12112: 12106:Wayback Machine 12097: 12086: 12081:Wayback Machine 12072: 12068: 12062:Wayback Machine 12053: 12049: 12044:censusindia.net 12040:Wayback Machine 12032: 12028: 12023:Wayback Machine 12013: 12009: 11999: 11997: 11990: 11974: 11967: 11957: 11955: 11948: 11932: 11925: 11915: 11913: 11906: 11890: 11883: 11877:Wayback Machine 11868: 11864: 11854: 11852: 11845: 11844: 11837: 11827: 11825: 11818: 11802: 11795: 11785: 11783: 11772: 11771: 11764: 11754: 11752: 11741: 11740: 11733: 11723: 11721: 11714: 11698: 11691: 11681: 11679: 11666: 11665: 11661: 11651: 11649: 11636: 11635: 11631: 11621: 11619: 11606: 11605: 11601: 11596: 11589: 11580: 11573: 11563: 11561: 11554: 11538: 11531: 11521: 11514: 11501: 11406: 11396: 11394: 11387: 11371: 11367: 11356: 11352: 11342: 11340: 11297: 11293: 11283: 11281: 11268: 11264: 11255: 11253: 11248:, p. 218, 11240: 11236: 11226: 11224: 11220: 11213: 11209: 11208: 11204: 11185: 11178: 11168: 11166: 11151: 11147: 11139: 11132: 11119: 11115: 11105: 11103: 11096: 11080: 11065: 11053: 11049: 11044: 11040: 11023: 11022: 11015: 11007: 11003: 10995: 10991: 10981: 10979: 10970: 10969: 10965: 10955: 10953: 10946: 10930: 10926: 10916: 10914: 10907: 10891: 10887: 10877: 10875: 10871: 10860: 10858:"PDF.js viewer" 10854: 10850: 10840: 10826: 10822: 10812: 10810: 10803: 10787: 10780: 10775: 10771: 10761: 10759: 10752: 10734: 10689: 10679: 10677: 10668: 10667: 10656: 10650:Wayback Machine 10638: 10634: 10624: 10622: 10615: 10597: 10593: 10586:Wayback Machine 10575: 10571: 10562: 10558: 10545: 10541: 10530: 10514: 10510: 10497: 10496: 10492: 10485: 10471: 10467: 10450: 10449: 10428: 10418: 10416: 10412: 10401: 10395: 10384: 10374: 10372: 10365: 10346: 10342: 10332: 10330: 10323: 10307: 10290: 10280: 10278: 10263: 10262: 10258: 10223: 10219: 10212: 10196: 10189: 10185:, p. xxiv. 10181: 10174: 10161: 10157: 10147: 10145: 10140: 10139: 10135: 10125: 10123: 10114: 10113: 10109: 10099: 10097: 10096:on 1 April 2015 10088: 10087: 10083: 10073: 10071: 10062: 10061: 10057: 10047: 10045: 10040:. 24 May 2013. 10032: 10031: 10027: 10017: 10015: 10000: 9999: 9995: 9986: 9982: 9973: 9971: 9960: 9959: 9955: 9950:Wayback Machine 9940: 9936: 9931:Wayback Machine 9922: 9918: 9908: 9897: 9890: 9880: 9878: 9869: 9868: 9861: 9856: 9788:Judeo-Malayalam 9778:Arabi Malayalam 9768: 9761: 9754: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9732: 9726:and Malayalam. 9619: 9559: 9501:Raja Ravi Varma 9486:O. Chandu Menon 9461: 9451: 9441:as language of 9407:Rajya Samacaram 9399:Hermann Gundert 9352:Hermann Gundert 9324: 9312:Kunchan Nambiar 9296:is situated at 9265:Arabi Malayalam 9208: 8983:Thirunizhalmala 8972: 8964:Main articles: 8962: 8944:region and the 8904: 8863:Arabi Malayalam 8851:Kunchan Nambiar 8793:Bhashakautalyam 8786:Vaishikatantram 8748:Arabi Malayalam 8740:Kunchan Nambiar 8660: 8654: 8644:by the migrant 8630:Arabi Malayalam 8606:Arabi Malayalam 8599: 8567:Syriac alphabet 8559:Syro-Malabarica 8528: 8472: 8466: 8437:Vaishikatantram 8386:Tigalari script 8331: 8325: 8309: 8305: 8304: 8281: 8277: 8276: 8271: 8267: 8266: 8262: 8258: 8257: 8238: 8234: 8233: 8224: 7897: 7893: 7892: 7886: 7882: 7881: 7875: 7871: 7870: 7815: 7811: 7810: 7803: 7797: 7727: 7693:Corresponds to 7678: 7648: 7615: 7582: 7543: 7505: 7467: 7406: 7363: 7325: 7235: 7155:Tigalari script 7147:Southern Brahmi 7104: 7068: 7060:Main articles: 7058: 6953: 6945: 6931: 6918: 6905: 6892: 6879: 6866: 6853: 6840: 6822: 6809: 6796: 6783: 6770: 6757: 6744: 6731: 6713: 6700: 6687: 6674: 6661: 6648: 6635: 6622: 6604: 6591: 6578: 6565: 6552: 6539: 6526: 6513: 6495: 6482: 6469: 6456: 6443: 6430: 6417: 6404: 6386: 6373: 6360: 6347: 6334: 6321: 6308: 6295: 6277: 6264: 6251: 6238: 6225: 6212: 6199: 6186: 6168: 6155: 6142: 6129: 6116: 6103: 6090: 6077: 6015: 5820: 5819: 5814: 5810: 5805: 5801: 5577: 5544: 5498: 5492: 5484: 5476: 5464: 5456: 5444: 4942: 4906: 4872: 4855: 4832: 4821: 4804: 4783: 4766: 4754: 4735: 4712: 4695: 4676: 4650: 4633: 4616: 4597: 4580: 4552: 4535: 4512: 4495: 4487: 4475: 4458: 4430: 4413: 4390: 4371: 4354: 4326: 4309: 4286: 4269: 4252: 4235: 4210: 4197: 4180: 4163: 4146: 4121: 4104: 4069: 4038: 3489: 3453:Tigalari script 3432: 3419: 3387:Canadian census 3305:Kodagu district 3285:Kodagu district 3126: 3116: 2691:Malayalam word 2615:(foreclosure), 2603:loanwords like 2534: 2514:Kodagu district 2448:Arabi Malayalam 2367:(Another), and 2282:Arabi Malayalam 2270:Arabi Malayalam 2226: 2119: 2001:Kunchan Nambiar 1965:Arabi Malayalam 1961:Tuluva Brahmins 1953:Tigalari script 1690: 1483: 1470:Thirunizhalmala 1366: 1317:Classical Tamil 1249: 1241:colonial period 1216:. According to 1188:of present-day 1045: 1013:Robert Caldwell 971:Tigalari script 816: 815: 807: 755: 751: 729: 691: 690: 689: 675: 646:Without proper 621: 607: 591: 584: 574: 573: 566: 556: 555: 548: 491: 484:Official status 413: 408: 399: 397:Judeo-Malayalam 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 343: 339: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 301: 273: 266: 181: 178:Language family 176: 166: 82: 79: 78: 64: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 20402: 20392: 20391: 20386: 20381: 20376: 20371: 20366: 20361: 20356: 20339: 20338: 20326: 20323: 20322: 20320: 20319: 20314: 20309: 20304: 20299: 20294: 20289: 20284: 20279: 20274: 20269: 20264: 20259: 20254: 20249: 20244: 20239: 20234: 20229: 20224: 20219: 20213: 20211: 20205: 20204: 20201: 20200: 20198: 20197: 20192: 20187: 20186: 20185: 20180: 20172: 20167: 20161: 20159: 20155: 20154: 20152: 20151: 20146: 20141: 20139:Panchari melam 20136: 20131: 20120: 20118: 20112: 20111: 20109: 20108: 20106:Irula language 20103: 20098: 20093: 20088: 20083: 20077: 20075: 20071: 20070: 20068: 20067: 20062: 20057: 20052: 20047: 20042: 20036: 20034: 20030: 20029: 20027: 20026: 20021: 20016: 20011: 20006: 20001: 19996: 19991: 19985: 19983: 19979: 19978: 19976: 19975: 19970: 19965: 19963:Sarpam Thullal 19960: 19955: 19953:Kalarippayattu 19950: 19945: 19940: 19934: 19928: 19922: 19921: 19919: 19918: 19917: 19916: 19906: 19901: 19896: 19891: 19886: 19881: 19876: 19871: 19866: 19861: 19856: 19851: 19848: 19843: 19838: 19833: 19828: 19823: 19817: 19815: 19801: 19800: 19798: 19797: 19792: 19787: 19782: 19777: 19772: 19767: 19762: 19757: 19752: 19747: 19742: 19737: 19732: 19727: 19725:Ashtamudi Lake 19722: 19716: 19714: 19708: 19707: 19705: 19704: 19699: 19694: 19689: 19683: 19681: 19675: 19674: 19672: 19671: 19666: 19661: 19656: 19651: 19646: 19638: 19633: 19628: 19623: 19617: 19615: 19605: 19604: 19602: 19601: 19596: 19591: 19586: 19581: 19576: 19571: 19566: 19561: 19556: 19551: 19546: 19541: 19536: 19531: 19526: 19521: 19516: 19510: 19508: 19502: 19501: 19491: 19490: 19483: 19476: 19468: 19459: 19458: 19456: 19455: 19449: 19446: 19445: 19443: 19442: 19437: 19432: 19426: 19424: 19423:Related topics 19420: 19419: 19417: 19416: 19411: 19406: 19401: 19396: 19391: 19386: 19380: 19378: 19374: 19373: 19371: 19370: 19365: 19363:Wayanad Chetti 19360: 19355: 19350: 19345: 19340: 19335: 19330: 19325: 19320: 19315: 19310: 19305: 19300: 19299: 19298: 19288: 19283: 19278: 19277: 19276: 19271: 19266: 19261: 19251: 19246: 19241: 19236: 19231: 19226: 19221: 19216: 19211: 19206: 19201: 19196: 19191: 19185: 19183: 19179: 19178: 19171: 19169: 19167: 19166: 19161: 19156: 19151: 19146: 19141: 19136: 19130: 19128: 19124: 19123: 19115: 19114: 19107: 19100: 19092: 19083: 19082: 19072: 19069: 19068: 19066: 19065: 19058: 19050: 19048: 19042: 19041: 19038: 19037: 19035: 19034: 19028: 19025: 19024: 19022: 19021: 19020: 19019: 19017:Sauria Paharia 19014: 19004: 18998: 18996: 18989: 18983: 18982: 18979: 18978: 18976: 18975: 18970: 18965: 18959: 18957: 18953: 18952: 18950: 18949: 18944: 18938: 18936: 18929: 18925: 18924: 18921: 18920: 18917: 18916: 18914: 18913: 18908: 18903: 18898: 18893: 18887: 18885: 18881: 18880: 18878: 18877: 18872: 18865: 18860: 18855: 18850: 18845: 18839: 18837: 18828: 18824: 18823: 18821: 18820: 18815: 18810: 18805: 18800: 18794: 18792: 18783: 18779: 18778: 18775: 18774: 18772: 18771: 18766: 18761: 18755: 18753: 18749: 18748: 18746: 18745: 18740: 18739: 18738: 18733: 18723: 18718: 18712: 18710: 18706: 18705: 18702: 18701: 18698: 18697: 18695: 18694: 18692:Wayanad Chetti 18689: 18684: 18677: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18652: 18647: 18640: 18635: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18610: 18605: 18600: 18595: 18594: 18593: 18588: 18583: 18578: 18573: 18562: 18560: 18554: 18553: 18551: 18550: 18545: 18540: 18535: 18530: 18525: 18520: 18515: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18499: 18498: 18487: 18485: 18476: 18470: 18469: 18467: 18466: 18465: 18464: 18454: 18448: 18446: 18442: 18441: 18439: 18438: 18433: 18427: 18425: 18421: 18420: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18406: 18402: 18401: 18399: 18398: 18392: 18389: 18388: 18386: 18385: 18380: 18375: 18370: 18365: 18360: 18355: 18349: 18347: 18338: 18329: 18322: 18316: 18315: 18308: 18307: 18300: 18293: 18285: 18276: 18275: 18273: 18272: 18267: 18262: 18257: 18252: 18247: 18245:Newar movement 18242: 18237: 18232: 18227: 18222: 18216: 18214: 18210: 18209: 18207: 18206: 18201: 18200: 18199: 18189: 18188: 18187: 18180:Englishisation 18176: 18174: 18167: 18166: 18163: 18162: 18160: 18159: 18153: 18151: 18147: 18146: 18144: 18143: 18137: 18135: 18129: 18128: 18126: 18125: 18120: 18115: 18110: 18105: 18100: 18095: 18090: 18085: 18080: 18075: 18069: 18067: 18061: 18060: 18058: 18057: 18052: 18047: 18042: 18036: 18034: 18028: 18027: 18025: 18024: 18019: 18018:(Undeciphered) 18013: 18008: 18001: 17999: 17992: 17988: 17987: 17984: 17983: 17981: 17980: 17975: 17969: 17967: 17961: 17960: 17958: 17957: 17952: 17947: 17942: 17937: 17932: 17927: 17922: 17917: 17912: 17907: 17902: 17897: 17892: 17887: 17881: 17879: 17873: 17872: 17870: 17869: 17864: 17858: 17856: 17850: 17849: 17847: 17846: 17841: 17835: 17833: 17827: 17826: 17824: 17823: 17818: 17813: 17808: 17803: 17797: 17795: 17789: 17788: 17786: 17785: 17780: 17775: 17770: 17765: 17759: 17757: 17751: 17750: 17748: 17747: 17741: 17739: 17733: 17732: 17730: 17729: 17724: 17719: 17714: 17708: 17706: 17700: 17699: 17697: 17696: 17691: 17686: 17680: 17678: 17672: 17671: 17669: 17668: 17663: 17658: 17653: 17647: 17645: 17639: 17638: 17636: 17635: 17630: 17625: 17620: 17615: 17610: 17605: 17600: 17595: 17590: 17585: 17580: 17575: 17570: 17565: 17560: 17555: 17550: 17545: 17544: 17543: 17538: 17533: 17523: 17518: 17513: 17508: 17503: 17498: 17493: 17488: 17483: 17477: 17475: 17469: 17468: 17466: 17465: 17464: 17463: 17458: 17453: 17448: 17443: 17432: 17430: 17424: 17423: 17421: 17420: 17415: 17410: 17405: 17400: 17395: 17389: 17387: 17381: 17380: 17378: 17377: 17372: 17366: 17364: 17355: 17349: 17348: 17346: 17345: 17340: 17335: 17330: 17325: 17324: 17323: 17318: 17313: 17303: 17298: 17293: 17287: 17285: 17281: 17280: 17272: 17271: 17264: 17257: 17249: 17240: 17239: 17237: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17210: 17207: 17206: 17203: 17202: 17200: 17199: 17194: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17154: 17149: 17144: 17139: 17134: 17129: 17124: 17119: 17114: 17109: 17104: 17099: 17094: 17089: 17084: 17079: 17074: 17068: 17066: 17058: 17057: 17055: 17054: 17049: 17044: 17039: 17034: 17029: 17024: 17019: 17014: 17009: 17004: 16999: 16994: 16989: 16984: 16979: 16974: 16969: 16964: 16959: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16939: 16933: 16931: 16927:Over 1 million 16920: 16910: 16909: 16906: 16905: 16903: 16902: 16897: 16892: 16887: 16882: 16877: 16872: 16867: 16862: 16857: 16852: 16847: 16842: 16837: 16832: 16827: 16822: 16817: 16812: 16807: 16802: 16797: 16792: 16787: 16782: 16777: 16772: 16766: 16764: 16760: 16759: 16757: 16756: 16751: 16746: 16741: 16736: 16731: 16726: 16721: 16716: 16711: 16706: 16700: 16695: 16690: 16685: 16680: 16675: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16655: 16650: 16644: 16642: 16631: 16630: 16628: 16627: 16622: 16616: 16614: 16607: 16599: 16598: 16591: 16590: 16583: 16576: 16568: 16559: 16558: 16556: 16555: 16550: 16545: 16539: 16537: 16533: 16532: 16530: 16529: 16524: 16519: 16513: 16511: 16507: 16506: 16504: 16503: 16498: 16492: 16490: 16486: 16485: 16483: 16482: 16477: 16472: 16467: 16461: 16459: 16455: 16454: 16452: 16451: 16446: 16440: 16438: 16434: 16433: 16431: 16430: 16424: 16422: 16418: 16417: 16415: 16414: 16409: 16403: 16401: 16395: 16394: 16392: 16391: 16386: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16366: 16361: 16356: 16351: 16345: 16343: 16339: 16338: 16335: 16334: 16332: 16331: 16326: 16321: 16316: 16311: 16305: 16303: 16299: 16298: 16296: 16295: 16289: 16287: 16283: 16282: 16280: 16279: 16273: 16271: 16265: 16264: 16262: 16261: 16259:Keralappazhama 16256: 16251: 16245: 16243: 16239: 16238: 16236: 16235: 16230: 16225: 16223:Sabdatharavali 16220: 16215: 16209: 16207: 16201: 16200: 16198: 16197: 16195:Marthandavarma 16192: 16187: 16181: 16179: 16173: 16172: 16170: 16169: 16167:Ramakathapattu 16164: 16159: 16158: 16157: 16152: 16147: 16136: 16134: 16128: 16127: 16125: 16124: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16106: 16105: 16104: 16094: 16089: 16084: 16079: 16073: 16071: 16065: 16064: 16062: 16061: 16060: 16059: 16054: 16049: 16044: 16039: 16034: 16029: 16024: 16019: 16014: 16009: 16004: 15999: 15994: 15989: 15984: 15979: 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15957:Keechakavadham 15954: 15952:Kalakeyavadham 15949: 15944: 15939: 15937:Kirmeeravadham 15934: 15929: 15924: 15913: 15911: 15905: 15904: 15902: 15901: 15896: 15891: 15886: 15881: 15876: 15871: 15866: 15861: 15856: 15851: 15846: 15841: 15836: 15831: 15826: 15821: 15816: 15811: 15806: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15785: 15783: 15777: 15776: 15774: 15773: 15768: 15763: 15758: 15753: 15748: 15743: 15738: 15733: 15731:Pulluvar Pattu 15728: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15703: 15698: 15693: 15688: 15683: 15676: 15671: 15666: 15664:Pulluvan Pattu 15661: 15655: 15653: 15647: 15646: 15644: 15643: 15637: 15635: 15626: 15620: 15619: 15617: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15601: 15596: 15591: 15585: 15583: 15579: 15578: 15575: 15574: 15572: 15571: 15566: 15560: 15558: 15554: 15553: 15551: 15550: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15528:Ezhava dialect 15525: 15520: 15514: 15512: 15508: 15507: 15505: 15504: 15498: 15496: 15490: 15489: 15487: 15486: 15480: 15478: 15472: 15471: 15469: 15468: 15463: 15458: 15453: 15448: 15443: 15438: 15433: 15428: 15423: 15418: 15412: 15410: 15401: 15395: 15394: 15391: 15390: 15388: 15387: 15382: 15377: 15371: 15369: 15363: 15362: 15360: 15359: 15354: 15353: 15352: 15342: 15337: 15331: 15329: 15325: 15324: 15322: 15321: 15316: 15311: 15305: 15303: 15296: 15292: 15291: 15284: 15283: 15276: 15269: 15261: 15254: 15253: 15236: 15219: 15217:from Wikibooks 15202: 15200:from Wikiquote 15185: 15168: 15139: 15137: 15136: 15131: 15120: 15092: 15091:External links 15089: 15086: 15085: 15076: 15066: 15065: 15062: 15061: 15034: 15025: 15015: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15006: 14990: 14970: 14936: 14924: 14923: 14919: 14918: 14912: 14886: 14870: 14855:K. M. Tharakan 14851: 14842: 14825: 14809: 14796: 14778: 14772: 14746: 14740: 14732:Orient Longman 14717: 14687:(PhD Thesis). 14678: 14663: 14647: 14641: 14618: 14596: 14592:Deccan College 14577: 14571: 14552: 14534: 14498: 14482: 14481: 14477: 14475: 14472: 14471: 14470: 14464: 14449: 14446: 14440: 14425: 14419: 14404: 14398: 14380: 14369: 14366: 14363: 14362: 14332: 14315:dhsprogram.com 14302: 14269: 14254: 14237: 14225: 14202: 14180: 14160: 14141: 14122: 14090: 14072: 14070:, p. 307. 14068:Mahapatra 1989 14060: 14046: 13999: 13984: 13958: 13927: 13908: 13888: 13877:on 4 July 2013 13862: 13831: 13800: 13771: 13741: 13715: 13686: 13677: 13646: 13624: 13598: 13586: 13555: 13524: 13498: 13489: 13478: 13469: 13440: 13429:on 27 May 2021 13411: 13374: 13359:. 9 May 2016. 13344: 13314: 13282: 13270: 13257: 13246:on 4 July 2013 13231: 13206: 13177: 13148: 13139: 13113: 13079: 13045: 13014: 12978: 12948: 12929: 12909: 12883: 12854: 12830: 12823: 12805: 12798: 12780: 12748: 12739: 12724: 12698: 12694:Steever (2015) 12686: 12684:, p. 167. 12674: 12654: 12641: 12622: 12602: 12593: 12568: 12533: 12496: 12437: 12397: 12382: 12367:. Sbs.com.au. 12356: 12338: 12312: 12279: 12253: 12240: 12215: 12206: 12194: 12162: 12147:. Ethnologue. 12136: 12110: 12084: 12066: 12047: 12026: 12007: 11988: 11965: 11947:978-8126900930 11946: 11923: 11905:978-8126018833 11904: 11881: 11862: 11835: 11816: 11793: 11762: 11731: 11713:978-8177552720 11712: 11689: 11672:poemhunter.com 11659: 11642:poemhunter.com 11629: 11612:poemhunter.com 11599: 11587: 11571: 11552: 11529: 11512: 11404: 11385: 11365: 11350: 11291: 11262: 11234: 11223:on 27 May 2015 11202: 11176: 11145: 11141:Karashima 2014 11130: 11113: 11094: 11063: 11047: 11038: 11013: 11001: 10997:Karashima 2014 10989: 10963: 10944: 10924: 10905: 10885: 10848: 10838: 10820: 10801: 10778: 10769: 10750: 10687: 10654: 10632: 10613: 10591: 10569: 10556: 10539: 10528: 10508: 10490: 10483: 10465: 10426: 10382: 10363: 10340: 10321: 10288: 10256: 10217: 10210: 10187: 10172: 10155: 10133: 10107: 10081: 10055: 10025: 9993: 9980: 9953: 9934: 9916: 9888: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9851: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9774: 9773: 9759: 9743: 9740: 9731: 9728: 9690:T. Padmanabhan 9618: 9615: 9583:O. N. V. Kurup 9558: 9555: 9519:Venmani School 9459:Venmani School 9450: 9447: 9427:Pathanamthitta 9330:Cover page of 9323: 9320: 9252:Mahabharatham 9207: 9204: 9137:Sandesha Kavya 8961: 8958: 8920:Pulluvan Pattu 8903: 8900: 8867:Bharathappuzha 8843:Unnayi Variyar 8841:-based poet), 8839:Perinthalmanna 8833:-based poet), 8736:Unnayi Variyar 8717: 8716: 8713: 8703: 8656:Main article: 8653: 8650: 8598: 8597:Ponnani script 8595: 8527: 8524: 8470:Grantha script 8465: 8462: 8447:Vaiśikatantram 8402:Malabar region 8324: 8321: 8223: 8220: 8130: 8129: 8108: 8100:) : 10 – 8087: 8066: 8027: 8026: 8019: 8012: 8005: 7998: 7991: 7983: 7982: 7979: 7976: 7973: 7970: 7967: 7952: 7951: 7948: 7945: 7942: 7939: 7936: 7933: 7930: 7927: 7924: 7921: 7918: 7915: 7912: 7909: 7906: 7902: 7901: 7890: 7879: 7868: 7865: 7862: 7859: 7856: 7853: 7850: 7847: 7844: 7841: 7838: 7835: 7832: 7799:Main article: 7796: 7793: 7790: 7789: 7782: 7778: 7777: 7774: 7767: 7761: 7760: 7757: 7750: 7746: 7745: 7691: 7684: 7677: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7651: 7646: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7618: 7613: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7585: 7580: 7572: 7571: 7563: 7560: 7546: 7541: 7533: 7532: 7531:(avaḷ, "she") 7524: 7522: 7508: 7503: 7495: 7494: 7493:(kāl, "foot") 7486: 7484: 7470: 7465: 7457: 7456: 7448: 7423: 7409: 7404: 7396: 7395: 7387: 7380: 7366: 7361: 7353: 7352: 7344: 7342: 7328: 7323: 7315: 7314: 7311: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7234: 7233:Chillu letters 7231: 7143:Grantha script 7103: 7100: 7057: 7056:Writing system 7054: 7053: 7052: 7040: 7033: 7022: 7003: 6996: 6985: 6969: 6952: 6949: 6944: 6941: 6938: 6937: 6924: 6911: 6898: 6885: 6872: 6859: 6846: 6833: 6829: 6828: 6815: 6802: 6789: 6776: 6763: 6750: 6737: 6724: 6720: 6719: 6706: 6693: 6680: 6667: 6654: 6641: 6628: 6615: 6611: 6610: 6597: 6584: 6571: 6558: 6545: 6532: 6519: 6506: 6502: 6501: 6488: 6475: 6462: 6449: 6436: 6423: 6410: 6397: 6393: 6392: 6379: 6366: 6353: 6340: 6327: 6314: 6301: 6288: 6284: 6283: 6270: 6257: 6244: 6231: 6218: 6205: 6192: 6179: 6175: 6174: 6161: 6148: 6135: 6122: 6109: 6096: 6083: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6044: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6027: 6024: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6007: 6004: 6001: 5998: 5995: 5986: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5973: 5964: 5963: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5942: 5941: 5938: 5935: 5932: 5929: 5920: 5919: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5898: 5897: 5894: 5891: 5888: 5885: 5876: 5875: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5863: 5856: 5855: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5822: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5808: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5780: 5777: 5768: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5755: 5752: 5743: 5742: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5718: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5693: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5658: 5655: 5652: 5643: 5642: 5639: 5636: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5620: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5609: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5599: 5576: 5573: 5543: 5540: 5494:Main article: 5491: 5488: 5483: 5480: 5475: 5472: 5463: 5460: 5455: 5452: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5438: 5424: 5389: 5332:, خَطّ‎ 5313: 5220:Around 75% of 5218: 5215: 5205: 5194: 5160: 5150: 5122: 5095: 5092: 5081: 5046: 5027:below another 5019: 4994:alveolar nasal 4990: 4967: 4964: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4858: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4807: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4769: 4764: 4758: 4757: 4740: 4738: 4715: 4698: 4681: 4679: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4636: 4619: 4602: 4600: 4583: 4566: 4558: 4557: 4555: 4538: 4515: 4498: 4478: 4461: 4444: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4416: 4393: 4376: 4374: 4357: 4340: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4312: 4289: 4272: 4255: 4238: 4221: 4214: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4183: 4166: 4149: 4124: 4107: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4037: 4034: 3917: 3916: 3906: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3720: 3718: 3712: 3711: 3694: 3692: 3675: 3658: 3656: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3615: 3613: 3596: 3579: 3566: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3507: 3502: 3488: 3485: 3481:Malabar region 3418: 3415: 3309:Yerava dialect 3236: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3217: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3108: 3091: 3072: 3071: 3060: 3045: 3044: 3027: 3012: 3011: 2994: 2979: 2978: 2967: 2952: 2951: 2934: 2919: 2918: 2901: 2882: 2881: 2864: 2849: 2848: 2831: 2816: 2815: 2804: 2789: 2788: 2777: 2762: 2761: 2744: 2729: 2728: 2711: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2683: 2682: 2667: 2638:abound in the 2624: 2597: 2580:Many medieval 2533: 2530: 2529: 2528: 2521: 2502: 2483: 2444: 2397:Pathanamthitta 2335:in the former 2272:, Pulaya, and 2225: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2188: 2179: 2174: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2138: 2121:Variations in 2118: 2115: 2055:O. N. V. Kurup 2009:Unnayi Variyar 1941:Grantha script 1916: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1778: 1775: 1759:Comparison of 1742:Mahabharatham 1689: 1686: 1641:Grantha script 1564:Edmund Spenser 1526:Sandesha Kavya 1482: 1479: 1477:found so far. 1365: 1362: 1273:Middle Persian 1248: 1245: 1235:Prior to this 1224:of India from 1218:Duarte Barbosa 1044: 1041: 987:Malabar region 963:Grantha script 957:. The current 725: 724: 721: 717: 716: 713: 709: 708: 705: 701: 700: 697: 676: 669: 668: 667: 664: 663: 650:, you may see 636: 635: 627: 626: 619: 613: 612: 605: 597: 596: 589: 581: 580: 571: 563: 562: 553: 545: 544: 543:Language codes 540: 539: 538: 537: 532: 525: 519: 518: 517: 516: 515: 514: 509: 504: 492: 489: 486: 485: 481: 480: 479: 478: 472: 467: 461: 455: 449: 443: 437: 431: 426: 414: 410:Writing system 407: 404: 403: 307: 303: 302: 300: 299: 298: 297: 296: 295: 276: 274: 271: 268: 267: 265: 264: 263: 262: 261: 260: 259: 258: 257: 256: 255: 254: 253: 252: 251: 250: 249: 248: 247: 246: 184: 182: 175: 172: 171: 160: 156: 155: 150: 146: 145: 144: 143: 138: 126: 114: 107:Southern India 104: 100: 99: 94: 93:Native to 90: 89: 70: 66: 65: 56: 48: 47: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20401: 20390: 20387: 20385: 20382: 20380: 20377: 20375: 20372: 20370: 20367: 20365: 20362: 20360: 20357: 20355: 20352: 20351: 20349: 20336: 20324: 20318: 20315: 20313: 20310: 20308: 20305: 20303: 20300: 20298: 20295: 20293: 20290: 20288: 20285: 20283: 20280: 20278: 20275: 20273: 20270: 20268: 20265: 20263: 20260: 20258: 20255: 20253: 20250: 20248: 20245: 20243: 20240: 20238: 20235: 20233: 20230: 20228: 20225: 20223: 20220: 20218: 20215: 20214: 20212: 20210: 20206: 20196: 20193: 20191: 20188: 20184: 20181: 20179: 20176: 20175: 20173: 20171: 20168: 20166: 20163: 20162: 20160: 20156: 20150: 20147: 20145: 20142: 20140: 20137: 20135: 20132: 20129: 20125: 20122: 20121: 20119: 20117: 20113: 20107: 20104: 20102: 20099: 20097: 20094: 20092: 20089: 20087: 20084: 20082: 20079: 20078: 20076: 20072: 20066: 20063: 20061: 20058: 20056: 20053: 20051: 20048: 20046: 20043: 20041: 20038: 20037: 20035: 20031: 20025: 20022: 20020: 20017: 20015: 20012: 20010: 20007: 20005: 20002: 20000: 19997: 19995: 19992: 19990: 19987: 19986: 19984: 19980: 19974: 19971: 19969: 19966: 19964: 19961: 19959: 19956: 19954: 19951: 19949: 19946: 19944: 19941: 19939: 19936: 19935: 19932: 19929: 19927: 19923: 19915: 19912: 19911: 19910: 19907: 19905: 19902: 19900: 19897: 19895: 19892: 19890: 19887: 19885: 19882: 19880: 19877: 19875: 19872: 19870: 19867: 19865: 19862: 19860: 19857: 19855: 19852: 19849: 19847: 19844: 19842: 19839: 19837: 19834: 19832: 19829: 19827: 19824: 19822: 19819: 19818: 19816: 19814: 19810: 19806: 19802: 19796: 19795:Vembanad Lake 19793: 19791: 19788: 19786: 19783: 19781: 19778: 19776: 19775:Nilgiri Hills 19773: 19771: 19768: 19766: 19763: 19761: 19758: 19756: 19755:Malabar Coast 19753: 19751: 19748: 19746: 19743: 19741: 19738: 19736: 19733: 19731: 19728: 19726: 19723: 19721: 19718: 19717: 19715: 19713: 19709: 19703: 19700: 19698: 19695: 19693: 19690: 19688: 19685: 19684: 19682: 19680: 19676: 19670: 19667: 19665: 19662: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19654:Aikya Munnani 19652: 19650: 19647: 19645: 19643: 19639: 19637: 19634: 19632: 19629: 19627: 19624: 19622: 19619: 19618: 19616: 19614: 19610: 19606: 19600: 19597: 19595: 19592: 19590: 19587: 19585: 19582: 19580: 19577: 19575: 19572: 19570: 19567: 19565: 19562: 19560: 19559:Kerala school 19557: 19555: 19552: 19550: 19547: 19545: 19542: 19540: 19537: 19535: 19532: 19530: 19527: 19525: 19522: 19520: 19519:Edakkal Caves 19517: 19515: 19514:Sangam period 19512: 19511: 19509: 19507: 19503: 19499: 19496: 19489: 19484: 19482: 19477: 19475: 19470: 19469: 19466: 19454: 19451: 19450: 19447: 19441: 19438: 19436: 19433: 19431: 19428: 19427: 19425: 19421: 19415: 19412: 19410: 19407: 19405: 19402: 19400: 19397: 19395: 19392: 19390: 19387: 19385: 19382: 19381: 19379: 19375: 19369: 19366: 19364: 19361: 19359: 19356: 19354: 19351: 19349: 19346: 19344: 19341: 19339: 19336: 19334: 19331: 19329: 19326: 19324: 19321: 19319: 19316: 19314: 19311: 19309: 19306: 19304: 19301: 19297: 19294: 19293: 19292: 19289: 19287: 19284: 19282: 19279: 19275: 19274:Mullu Kurumba 19272: 19270: 19269:Jennu Kurumba 19267: 19265: 19264:Betta Kurumba 19262: 19260: 19257: 19256: 19255: 19252: 19250: 19247: 19245: 19242: 19240: 19237: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19227: 19225: 19222: 19220: 19217: 19215: 19212: 19210: 19207: 19205: 19202: 19200: 19197: 19195: 19192: 19190: 19187: 19186: 19184: 19180: 19175: 19165: 19162: 19160: 19157: 19155: 19152: 19150: 19147: 19145: 19142: 19140: 19137: 19135: 19132: 19131: 19129: 19125: 19121: 19118:Languages of 19113: 19108: 19106: 19101: 19099: 19094: 19093: 19090: 19079: 19075: 19070: 19064: 19063: 19059: 19057: 19056: 19052: 19051: 19049: 19047: 19043: 19033: 19030: 19029: 19026: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19009: 19008: 19005: 19003: 19000: 18999: 18997: 18993: 18990: 18988: 18984: 18974: 18971: 18969: 18966: 18964: 18961: 18960: 18958: 18954: 18948: 18945: 18943: 18940: 18939: 18937: 18933: 18930: 18926: 18912: 18909: 18907: 18904: 18902: 18899: 18897: 18894: 18892: 18889: 18888: 18886: 18882: 18876: 18873: 18871: 18870: 18866: 18864: 18861: 18859: 18856: 18854: 18851: 18849: 18846: 18844: 18841: 18840: 18838: 18836: 18832: 18829: 18825: 18819: 18816: 18814: 18811: 18809: 18806: 18804: 18801: 18799: 18796: 18795: 18793: 18791: 18787: 18784: 18782:South-Central 18780: 18770: 18767: 18765: 18762: 18760: 18757: 18756: 18754: 18750: 18744: 18741: 18737: 18734: 18732: 18729: 18728: 18727: 18724: 18722: 18719: 18717: 18714: 18713: 18711: 18707: 18693: 18690: 18688: 18685: 18683: 18682: 18678: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18655:Mullu Kurumba 18653: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18645: 18641: 18639: 18636: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18604: 18601: 18599: 18596: 18592: 18589: 18587: 18584: 18582: 18579: 18577: 18574: 18572: 18569: 18568: 18567: 18564: 18563: 18561: 18559: 18555: 18549: 18546: 18544: 18541: 18539: 18536: 18534: 18531: 18529: 18526: 18524: 18521: 18519: 18516: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18497: 18494: 18493: 18492: 18489: 18488: 18486: 18484: 18480: 18477: 18471: 18463: 18460: 18459: 18458: 18455: 18453: 18450: 18449: 18447: 18443: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18428: 18426: 18422: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18403: 18397: 18394: 18393: 18384: 18383:Jennu Kurumba 18381: 18379: 18378:Betta Kurumba 18376: 18374: 18371: 18369: 18366: 18364: 18361: 18359: 18356: 18354: 18351: 18350: 18348: 18346: 18342: 18339: 18333: 18330: 18328:Tamil–Kannada 18326: 18323: 18321: 18317: 18313: 18306: 18301: 18299: 18294: 18292: 18287: 18286: 18283: 18271: 18270:Urdu movement 18268: 18266: 18263: 18261: 18258: 18256: 18253: 18251: 18248: 18246: 18243: 18241: 18238: 18236: 18233: 18231: 18228: 18226: 18223: 18221: 18218: 18217: 18215: 18211: 18205: 18202: 18198: 18195: 18194: 18193: 18190: 18186: 18183: 18182: 18181: 18178: 18177: 18175: 18168: 18158: 18155: 18154: 18152: 18148: 18142: 18139: 18138: 18136: 18134: 18130: 18124: 18121: 18119: 18116: 18114: 18111: 18109: 18106: 18104: 18101: 18099: 18096: 18094: 18091: 18089: 18086: 18084: 18081: 18079: 18076: 18074: 18071: 18070: 18068: 18066: 18062: 18056: 18053: 18051: 18048: 18046: 18043: 18041: 18038: 18037: 18035: 18033: 18029: 18023: 18020: 18017: 18014: 18012: 18009: 18006: 18003: 18002: 18000: 17996: 17993: 17989: 17979: 17976: 17974: 17971: 17970: 17968: 17966: 17962: 17956: 17953: 17951: 17948: 17946: 17943: 17941: 17938: 17936: 17933: 17931: 17928: 17926: 17923: 17921: 17918: 17916: 17913: 17911: 17908: 17906: 17903: 17901: 17898: 17896: 17893: 17891: 17888: 17886: 17883: 17882: 17880: 17878: 17874: 17868: 17865: 17863: 17860: 17859: 17857: 17855: 17851: 17845: 17842: 17840: 17837: 17836: 17834: 17832: 17828: 17822: 17819: 17817: 17814: 17812: 17809: 17807: 17804: 17802: 17799: 17798: 17796: 17794: 17790: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17776: 17774: 17771: 17769: 17766: 17764: 17761: 17760: 17758: 17756: 17752: 17746: 17743: 17742: 17740: 17738: 17737:Malay creoles 17734: 17728: 17725: 17723: 17720: 17718: 17715: 17713: 17710: 17709: 17707: 17705: 17701: 17695: 17692: 17690: 17687: 17685: 17682: 17681: 17679: 17677: 17673: 17667: 17664: 17662: 17659: 17657: 17654: 17652: 17649: 17648: 17646: 17644: 17640: 17634: 17631: 17629: 17626: 17624: 17621: 17619: 17616: 17614: 17611: 17609: 17606: 17604: 17601: 17599: 17596: 17594: 17591: 17589: 17586: 17584: 17581: 17579: 17576: 17574: 17571: 17569: 17566: 17564: 17561: 17559: 17556: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17542: 17539: 17537: 17534: 17532: 17529: 17528: 17527: 17524: 17522: 17519: 17517: 17514: 17512: 17509: 17507: 17504: 17502: 17499: 17497: 17494: 17492: 17489: 17487: 17484: 17482: 17479: 17478: 17476: 17474: 17470: 17462: 17459: 17457: 17454: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17438: 17437: 17434: 17433: 17431: 17429: 17425: 17419: 17416: 17414: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17404: 17401: 17399: 17396: 17394: 17391: 17390: 17388: 17386: 17382: 17376: 17373: 17371: 17368: 17367: 17365: 17363: 17359: 17356: 17350: 17344: 17341: 17339: 17336: 17334: 17331: 17329: 17326: 17322: 17319: 17317: 17314: 17312: 17309: 17308: 17307: 17304: 17302: 17299: 17297: 17294: 17292: 17289: 17288: 17286: 17282: 17278: 17270: 17265: 17263: 17258: 17256: 17251: 17250: 17247: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17211: 17208: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17113: 17110: 17108: 17105: 17103: 17100: 17098: 17095: 17093: 17090: 17088: 17085: 17083: 17080: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17069: 17067: 17065: 17059: 17053: 17050: 17048: 17045: 17043: 17040: 17038: 17035: 17033: 17030: 17028: 17025: 17023: 17020: 17018: 17015: 17013: 17010: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16973: 16970: 16968: 16965: 16963: 16960: 16958: 16955: 16953: 16950: 16948: 16945: 16943: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16934: 16932: 16930: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16911: 16901: 16898: 16896: 16893: 16891: 16888: 16886: 16883: 16881: 16878: 16876: 16873: 16871: 16868: 16866: 16863: 16861: 16858: 16856: 16853: 16851: 16848: 16846: 16843: 16841: 16838: 16836: 16833: 16831: 16828: 16826: 16823: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16813: 16811: 16808: 16806: 16803: 16801: 16798: 16796: 16793: 16791: 16788: 16786: 16783: 16781: 16780:Chhattisgarhi 16778: 16776: 16773: 16771: 16768: 16767: 16765: 16761: 16755: 16752: 16750: 16747: 16745: 16742: 16740: 16737: 16735: 16732: 16730: 16727: 16725: 16722: 16720: 16717: 16715: 16712: 16710: 16707: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16671: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16654: 16651: 16649: 16646: 16645: 16643: 16641: 16636: 16632: 16626: 16623: 16621: 16618: 16617: 16615: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16600: 16596: 16589: 16584: 16582: 16577: 16575: 16570: 16569: 16566: 16554: 16551: 16549: 16546: 16544: 16541: 16540: 16538: 16534: 16528: 16525: 16523: 16520: 16518: 16515: 16514: 16512: 16508: 16502: 16499: 16497: 16494: 16493: 16491: 16487: 16481: 16478: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16468: 16466: 16463: 16462: 16460: 16456: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16441: 16439: 16435: 16429: 16426: 16425: 16423: 16419: 16413: 16410: 16408: 16405: 16404: 16402: 16396: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16379:Modern script 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16352: 16350: 16347: 16346: 16344: 16340: 16330: 16327: 16325: 16324:Mappila songs 16322: 16320: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16310: 16307: 16306: 16304: 16300: 16294: 16291: 16290: 16288: 16284: 16278: 16275: 16274: 16272: 16266: 16260: 16257: 16255: 16252: 16250: 16247: 16246: 16244: 16240: 16234: 16231: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16210: 16208: 16202: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16182: 16180: 16178: 16174: 16168: 16165: 16163: 16160: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16142: 16141: 16138: 16137: 16135: 16133: 16129: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16103: 16100: 16099: 16098: 16095: 16093: 16092:Chandrotsavam 16090: 16088: 16087:Kodia Viraham 16085: 16083: 16080: 16078: 16075: 16074: 16072: 16070: 16066: 16058: 16057:Karnasapatham 16055: 16053: 16050: 16048: 16045: 16043: 16040: 16038: 16035: 16033: 16030: 16028: 16025: 16023: 16020: 16018: 16015: 16013: 16010: 16008: 16005: 16003: 16002:Nalacharitham 16000: 15998: 15997:Ravanolbhavam 15995: 15993: 15992:Ravanavijayam 15990: 15988: 15985: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15938: 15935: 15933: 15932:Thoranayudham 15930: 15928: 15925: 15923: 15920: 15919: 15918: 15915: 15914: 15912: 15910: 15906: 15900: 15897: 15895: 15894:Kumaraharanam 15892: 15890: 15887: 15885: 15882: 15880: 15877: 15875: 15872: 15870: 15867: 15865: 15862: 15860: 15857: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15847: 15845: 15842: 15840: 15837: 15835: 15832: 15830: 15827: 15825: 15822: 15820: 15817: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15786: 15784: 15782: 15778: 15772: 15769: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15721:Sastham Pattu 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15696:Thottam Pattu 15694: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15681: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15659:Pulayar Pattu 15657: 15656: 15654: 15652: 15648: 15642: 15639: 15638: 15636: 15634: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15621: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15590: 15587: 15586: 15584: 15580: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15564:Malanmkuravan 15562: 15561: 15559: 15555: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15515: 15513: 15509: 15503: 15500: 15499: 15497: 15495: 15491: 15485: 15482: 15481: 15479: 15477: 15473: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15457: 15456:Mullu Kurumba 15454: 15452: 15449: 15447: 15444: 15442: 15439: 15437: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15417: 15414: 15413: 15411: 15409: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15396: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15380:Second Sangam 15378: 15376: 15373: 15372: 15370: 15368: 15364: 15358: 15355: 15351: 15348: 15347: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15340:Old Malayalam 15338: 15336: 15333: 15332: 15330: 15326: 15320: 15317: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15306: 15304: 15300: 15297: 15293: 15289: 15282: 15277: 15275: 15270: 15268: 15263: 15262: 15259: 15250: 15249: 15237: 15233: 15232: 15220: 15216: 15215: 15203: 15199: 15198: 15186: 15182: 15181: 15169: 15165: 15164: 15152: 15151: 15148: 15142: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15129: 15124: 15121: 15119: 15115: 15110: 15106: 15105: 15100: 15095: 15094: 15080: 15071: 15067: 15057: 15051: 15045: 15038: 15029: 15020: 15016: 15003: 14999: 14995: 14991: 14987: 14983: 14979: 14975: 14971: 14959: 14955: 14951: 14947: 14946: 14941: 14937: 14933: 14932: 14926: 14925: 14921: 14920: 14915: 14909: 14905: 14901: 14897: 14896: 14891: 14887: 14883: 14879: 14875: 14871: 14868: 14864: 14860: 14856: 14852: 14848: 14843: 14839: 14835: 14831: 14826: 14822: 14818: 14814: 14810: 14806: 14802: 14797: 14793: 14789: 14788: 14783: 14779: 14775: 14773:9788126004133 14769: 14765: 14761: 14757: 14756: 14751: 14747: 14743: 14741:9788125004882 14737: 14733: 14729: 14725: 14724: 14718: 14706: 14702: 14698: 14694: 14690: 14686: 14685: 14679: 14675: 14671: 14670: 14664: 14660: 14656: 14652: 14648: 14644: 14642:9788126415786 14638: 14635: 14631: 14627: 14623: 14619: 14615: 14611: 14607: 14606: 14601: 14597: 14593: 14589: 14585: 14584: 14578: 14574: 14572:9788120606036 14568: 14564: 14560: 14559: 14553: 14549: 14545: 14544: 14539: 14535: 14520: 14516: 14509: 14508: 14503: 14499: 14495: 14491: 14490: 14484: 14483: 14479: 14478: 14467: 14461: 14458:. Routledge. 14457: 14456: 14450: 14447: 14443: 14437: 14433: 14432: 14426: 14422: 14416: 14412: 14411: 14405: 14401: 14395: 14391: 14390: 14385: 14381: 14377: 14372: 14371: 14350: 14346: 14342: 14336: 14320: 14316: 14312: 14306: 14290: 14286: 14285: 14280: 14273: 14265: 14261: 14257: 14251: 14247: 14241: 14234: 14229: 14222: 14218: 14214: 14211: 14206: 14199: 14187: 14183: 14177: 14173: 14172: 14164: 14157: 14153: 14150: 14145: 14138: 14134: 14131: 14126: 14110: 14106: 14105: 14100: 14094: 14086: 14082: 14076: 14069: 14064: 14057: 14050: 14031: 14024: 14018: 14016: 14014: 14012: 14010: 14008: 14006: 14004: 13995: 13988: 13972: 13968: 13962: 13946: 13942: 13938: 13931: 13915: 13911: 13905: 13901: 13900: 13892: 13876: 13872: 13866: 13850: 13846: 13842: 13835: 13819: 13815: 13811: 13804: 13788: 13784: 13778: 13776: 13759: 13755: 13751: 13745: 13729: 13725: 13719: 13703: 13699: 13698: 13690: 13681: 13665: 13661: 13657: 13650: 13642: 13638: 13634: 13628: 13612: 13608: 13602: 13595: 13590: 13574: 13570: 13566: 13559: 13543: 13539: 13535: 13528: 13512: 13508: 13502: 13493: 13487: 13482: 13473: 13457: 13453: 13452: 13444: 13428: 13424: 13423: 13415: 13399: 13395: 13391: 13387: 13386: 13378: 13362: 13358: 13354: 13348: 13332: 13328: 13324: 13318: 13302: 13298: 13297: 13292: 13286: 13277: 13275: 13267: 13261: 13245: 13241: 13235: 13228: 13227:81-85499-35-7 13224: 13220: 13216: 13210: 13194: 13190: 13184: 13182: 13165: 13161: 13155: 13153: 13143: 13127: 13123: 13117: 13101: 13097: 13093: 13086: 13084: 13067: 13063: 13059: 13052: 13050: 13033: 13029: 13025: 13018: 12999: 12995: 12988: 12982: 12966: 12962: 12961:kerala.gov.in 12958: 12952: 12936: 12932: 12926: 12922: 12921: 12913: 12897: 12893: 12887: 12871: 12867: 12866: 12858: 12851: 12847: 12844: 12839: 12837: 12835: 12826: 12820: 12816: 12809: 12801: 12795: 12791: 12784: 12765: 12758: 12752: 12743: 12736:. p. 40. 12735: 12728: 12712: 12709:. Wals.info. 12708: 12702: 12696:, p. 63. 12695: 12690: 12683: 12678: 12667: 12666: 12658: 12651: 12645: 12629: 12625: 12619: 12615: 12614: 12606: 12597: 12589: 12585: 12581: 12580: 12572: 12553: 12546: 12545: 12537: 12518: 12514: 12507: 12500: 12481: 12477: 12476: 12467: 12460: 12458: 12456: 12454: 12452: 12450: 12448: 12446: 12444: 12442: 12425: 12421: 12420: 12412: 12410: 12408: 12406: 12404: 12402: 12395: 12394:stats.govt.nz 12391: 12386: 12370: 12366: 12360: 12353: 12349: 12346: 12342: 12326: 12322: 12316: 12300: 12296: 12292: 12286: 12284: 12267: 12263: 12257: 12250: 12244: 12237: 12233: 12229: 12226: 12225: 12219: 12210: 12203: 12198: 12182: 12178: 12177: 12172: 12166: 12150: 12146: 12140: 12134:, India Today 12133: 12129: 12126: 12121: 12119: 12117: 12115: 12107: 12103: 12100: 12095: 12093: 12091: 12089: 12082: 12078: 12075: 12070: 12063: 12059: 12056: 12051: 12045: 12041: 12037: 12034: 12030: 12024: 12020: 12017: 12011: 11995: 11991: 11985: 11981: 11980: 11972: 11970: 11953: 11949: 11943: 11939: 11938: 11930: 11928: 11911: 11907: 11901: 11897: 11896: 11888: 11886: 11878: 11874: 11871: 11866: 11850: 11849: 11842: 11840: 11823: 11819: 11813: 11809: 11808: 11800: 11798: 11781: 11777: 11776: 11769: 11767: 11750: 11746: 11745: 11738: 11736: 11719: 11715: 11709: 11705: 11704: 11696: 11694: 11677: 11673: 11669: 11663: 11647: 11643: 11639: 11633: 11617: 11613: 11609: 11603: 11594: 11592: 11584: 11578: 11576: 11559: 11555: 11549: 11545: 11544: 11536: 11534: 11526: 11519: 11517: 11508: 11507: 11499: 11497: 11495: 11493: 11491: 11489: 11487: 11485: 11483: 11481: 11479: 11477: 11475: 11473: 11471: 11469: 11467: 11465: 11463: 11461: 11459: 11457: 11455: 11453: 11451: 11449: 11447: 11445: 11443: 11441: 11439: 11437: 11435: 11433: 11431: 11429: 11427: 11425: 11423: 11421: 11419: 11417: 11415: 11413: 11411: 11409: 11392: 11388: 11386:9788120606036 11382: 11378: 11377: 11369: 11361: 11354: 11338: 11334: 11330: 11326: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11310: 11306: 11302: 11295: 11279: 11275: 11274: 11266: 11251: 11247: 11246: 11238: 11219: 11212: 11206: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11183: 11181: 11164: 11160: 11156: 11149: 11142: 11137: 11135: 11126: 11125: 11117: 11101: 11097: 11095:9788188765072 11091: 11087: 11086: 11078: 11076: 11074: 11072: 11070: 11068: 11061: 11057: 11051: 11042: 11034: 11030: 11026: 11020: 11018: 11010: 11005: 10998: 10993: 10977: 10973: 10967: 10951: 10947: 10941: 10937: 10936: 10928: 10912: 10908: 10906:9788188765072 10902: 10898: 10897: 10889: 10870: 10866: 10859: 10852: 10845: 10841: 10839:9788120604513 10835: 10831: 10824: 10808: 10804: 10798: 10794: 10793: 10785: 10783: 10773: 10757: 10753: 10747: 10743: 10742: 10739: 10732: 10730: 10728: 10726: 10724: 10722: 10720: 10718: 10716: 10714: 10712: 10710: 10708: 10706: 10704: 10702: 10700: 10698: 10696: 10694: 10692: 10675: 10671: 10665: 10663: 10661: 10659: 10651: 10647: 10644: 10643: 10636: 10620: 10616: 10614:9788126415885 10610: 10606: 10605: 10602: 10595: 10588: 10587: 10583: 10580: 10573: 10566: 10560: 10552: 10551: 10543: 10536: 10531: 10525: 10521: 10520: 10512: 10504: 10500: 10494: 10486: 10480: 10476: 10469: 10461: 10457: 10453: 10447: 10445: 10443: 10441: 10439: 10437: 10435: 10433: 10431: 10411: 10407: 10400: 10393: 10391: 10389: 10387: 10370: 10366: 10360: 10356: 10355: 10350: 10344: 10328: 10324: 10318: 10314: 10313: 10305: 10303: 10301: 10299: 10297: 10295: 10293: 10276: 10272: 10271: 10266: 10260: 10252: 10248: 10244: 10240: 10236: 10232: 10228: 10221: 10213: 10207: 10203: 10202: 10194: 10192: 10184: 10179: 10177: 10168: 10167: 10159: 10143: 10137: 10121: 10117: 10111: 10095: 10091: 10085: 10069: 10065: 10059: 10043: 10039: 10035: 10029: 10013: 10009: 10008: 10003: 9997: 9990: 9984: 9969: 9965: 9964: 9957: 9951: 9947: 9944: 9938: 9932: 9928: 9925: 9920: 9912: 9906: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9893: 9876: 9872: 9866: 9864: 9859: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9775: 9771: 9765: 9760: 9757: 9746: 9739: 9737: 9727: 9725: 9721: 9717: 9713: 9711: 9707: 9703: 9699: 9698:O. V. Vijayan 9695: 9691: 9687: 9683: 9682: 9676: 9674: 9673: 9668: 9667: 9662: 9658: 9657: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9640: 9639: 9634: 9630: 9628: 9624: 9614: 9612: 9608: 9607:Arundhati Roy 9604: 9600: 9596: 9595:O. V. Vijayan 9592: 9588: 9584: 9580: 9576: 9572: 9568: 9564: 9554: 9552: 9548: 9544: 9540: 9536: 9533:(1821–1865), 9532: 9529:(1844–1893), 9528: 9525:(1817–1891), 9524: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9497: 9493: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9481: 9477: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9456: 9446: 9444: 9440: 9436: 9432: 9428: 9424: 9420: 9416: 9415:Basel Mission 9412: 9408: 9404: 9400: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9380: 9377:In 1821, the 9375: 9373: 9369: 9365: 9361: 9357: 9353: 9349: 9347: 9346: 9341: 9333: 9328: 9319: 9317: 9313: 9307: 9303: 9299: 9295: 9290: 9286: 9284: 9280: 9276: 9272: 9271: 9266: 9262: 9261: 9256: 9255: 9249: 9248: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9214: 9203: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9191: 9186: 9182: 9181: 9176: 9172: 9171:Diamond-Coral 9168: 9164: 9160: 9156: 9152: 9148: 9147: 9142: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9118: 9113: 9111: 9107: 9103: 9098: 9096: 9092: 9091:North Malabar 9088: 9087:Ramacharitham 9084: 9080: 9076: 9072: 9068: 9064: 9063:Ramacharitham 9061:mentioned in 9060: 9056: 9052: 9048: 9047:North Malabar 9044: 9041:), Chaaduka ( 9040: 9036: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9011: 9006: 9005:North Malabar 9002: 8998: 8997:North Malabar 8994: 8989: 8985: 8984: 8979: 8978: 8971: 8967: 8966:Old Malayalam 8957: 8955: 8954:Mappila songs 8951: 8947: 8943: 8942:North Malabar 8939: 8938: 8933: 8930:, etc. Other 8929: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8916:Pulayar Pattu 8913: 8909: 8899: 8897: 8893: 8892: 8887: 8883: 8879: 8874: 8872: 8871:River Ponnani 8868: 8864: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8808: 8804: 8803: 8798: 8794: 8789: 8787: 8783: 8779: 8775: 8773: 8769: 8765: 8761: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8737: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8721: 8714: 8711: 8710:Niranam poets 8707: 8704: 8702: 8698: 8697: 8696: 8693: 8690: 8684: 8674: 8669: 8665: 8659: 8649: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8631: 8627: 8624:with special 8623: 8622:Arabic script 8619: 8615: 8607: 8603: 8594: 8592: 8591:Malabar Coast 8588: 8584: 8580: 8576: 8572: 8568: 8564: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8545: 8541: 8537: 8532: 8523: 8521: 8517: 8513: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8494:Chola dynasty 8491: 8488:According to 8484: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8461: 8459: 8455: 8450: 8448: 8438: 8434: 8430: 8425: 8423: 8419: 8415: 8411: 8407: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8383: 8379: 8374: 8372: 8368: 8364: 8359: 8348: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8320: 8317: 8301: 8295: 8289: 8254: 8249: 8230: 8219: 8210: 8141: 8140: 8128: 8121:) : 3 – 8119: 8109: 8107: 8098: 8088: 8086: 8077: 8067: 8065: 8058:) : 2 – 8056: 8046: 8045: 8044: 8041: 8020: 8013: 8006: 7999: 7992: 7985: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7949: 7946: 7943: 7940: 7937: 7934: 7931: 7928: 7925: 7922: 7919: 7916: 7913: 7910: 7907: 7904: 7829: 7826: 7808: 7802: 7783: 7781:Double danda 7779: 7768: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7751: 7747: 7742: 7731: 7725: 7721: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7696: 7692: 7685: 7681: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7656: 7652: 7647: 7639: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7623: 7619: 7614: 7606: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7590: 7586: 7581: 7573: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7551: 7547: 7542: 7534: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7513: 7509: 7504: 7496: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7475: 7471: 7466: 7458: 7449: 7440: 7429: 7424: 7422: 7414: 7410: 7405: 7397: 7394:(avaṉ, "he") 7388: 7385: 7381: 7379: 7371: 7367: 7362: 7354: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7333: 7329: 7324: 7316: 7304:Unicode name 7299: 7295: 7290: 7288: 7284: 7280: 7276: 7272: 7267: 7256: 7255:chillaksharam 7251: 7240: 7230: 7228: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7212: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7191: 7189: 7185: 7179: 7176: 7172: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7159:Tulu language 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7108: 7099: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7067: 7063: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7038: 7034: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7020: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7004: 7001: 6997: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6967: 6963: 6960:nouns with a 6959: 6955: 6954: 6948: 6935: 6925: 6922: 6912: 6909: 6899: 6896: 6886: 6883: 6873: 6870: 6860: 6857: 6847: 6844: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6816: 6813: 6803: 6800: 6790: 6787: 6777: 6774: 6764: 6761: 6751: 6748: 6738: 6735: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6707: 6704: 6694: 6691: 6681: 6678: 6668: 6665: 6655: 6652: 6642: 6639: 6629: 6626: 6616: 6614:Instrumental 6612: 6608: 6598: 6595: 6585: 6582: 6572: 6569: 6559: 6556: 6546: 6543: 6533: 6530: 6520: 6517: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6489: 6486: 6476: 6473: 6463: 6460: 6450: 6447: 6437: 6434: 6424: 6421: 6411: 6408: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6380: 6377: 6367: 6364: 6354: 6351: 6341: 6338: 6328: 6325: 6315: 6312: 6302: 6299: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6271: 6268: 6258: 6255: 6245: 6242: 6232: 6229: 6219: 6216: 6206: 6203: 6193: 6190: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6162: 6159: 6149: 6146: 6136: 6133: 6123: 6120: 6110: 6107: 6097: 6094: 6084: 6081: 6071: 6067: 6038: 6021: 6018: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5939: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5917: 5914: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5900: 5899: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5883:പ്രതിഗ്രാഹിക 5881: 5878: 5877: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5858: 5857: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5835: 5830: 5812: 5803: 5799: 5794: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5740: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5690: 5687: 5684: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5650:പ്രതിഗ്രാഹിക 5648: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5637: 5634: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5622: 5621: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5610: 5598: 5593: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5572: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5549: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5532: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5497: 5487: 5479: 5471: 5459: 5451: 5449: 5436: 5432: 5430: 5425: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5314: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5282:ai, āy and ey 5279: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5216: 5206: 5195: 5161: 5151: 5123: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5020: 5016: 5010: 5004: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4941: 4933: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4905: 4897: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4871: 4863: 4859: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4820: 4812: 4808: 4803: 4795: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4782: 4774: 4770: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4745: 4741: 4739: 4734: 4726: 4720: 4716: 4711: 4703: 4699: 4694: 4686: 4682: 4680: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4649: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4624: 4620: 4615: 4607: 4603: 4601: 4596: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4560: 4559: 4556: 4551: 4543: 4539: 4534: 4526: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4449: 4445: 4442: 4438: 4437: 4434: 4429: 4421: 4417: 4412: 4404: 4398: 4394: 4389: 4381: 4377: 4375: 4370: 4362: 4358: 4353: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4333: 4330: 4325: 4317: 4313: 4308: 4300: 4294: 4290: 4285: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4243: 4239: 4234: 4226: 4222: 4219: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4196: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4162: 4154: 4150: 4145: 4137: 4129: 4125: 4120: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4041: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4009:"thickness", 4008: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3950: 3949:saṁvr̥tōkāram 3925: 3922: 3914: 3907: 3904: 3884: 3874: 3870: 3860: 3833: 3828: 3827:saṁvr̥tōkāram 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3765: 3764: 3759: 3756: 3747: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3726: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3700: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3681: 3676: 3673: 3664: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3645: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3621: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3602: 3597: 3594: 3585: 3580: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3564: 3555: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3493: 3484: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3457:Tulu language 3454: 3450: 3446: 3427: 3423: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3327: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3269:Gudalur taluk 3266: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3140: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3106: 3095: 3089: 3084: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3057: 3046: 3042: 3031: 3024: 3013: 3009: 2998: 2991: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2964: 2953: 2949: 2938: 2931: 2920: 2916: 2905: 2899: 2894: 2883: 2879: 2868: 2861: 2850: 2846: 2835: 2834:Ancient Greek 2828: 2817: 2808: 2801: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2774: 2763: 2759: 2748: 2741: 2730: 2726: 2715: 2708: 2697: 2689: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2642:, as well as 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2425:'impudence', 2423: 2417: 2411: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2311: 2310: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2296:is spoken in 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2171:South Malabar 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2147:North Malabar 2145: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2114: 2112: 2111:Malabar Coast 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2079:Arundhati Roy 2076: 2072: 2068: 2067:O. V. Vijayan 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2015: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1978: 1974: 1973:Arabic script 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1932: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1897: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1747: 1745: 1739: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1683: 1680:preserved at 1679: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1645:Old Malayalam 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1608: 1604: 1603:Diamond-Coral 1600: 1599:Mani-Pravalam 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1552:Niranam poets 1549: 1548:Rama Panikkar 1545: 1541: 1537: 1536: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1486:Old Malayalam 1478: 1476: 1475:Old Malayalam 1472: 1471: 1466: 1465: 1459: 1458:Old Malayalam 1456:characters). 1455: 1452:script (with 1451: 1447: 1446:Old Malayalam 1443: 1439: 1435: 1434:Old Malayalam 1431: 1427: 1423: 1422:Chera Perumal 1419: 1418:Old Malayalam 1414: 1412: 1411:Malabar Coast 1408: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1383:Old Malayalam 1380: 1375: 1370: 1369:Old Malayalam 1364:Old Malayalam 1359: 1357: 1356:Western Coast 1353: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1325:Ilango Adigal 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1297:Western Ghats 1294: 1290: 1289:Malabar Coast 1282: 1278: 1277:Judeo-Persian 1274: 1270: 1266: 1265:Old Malayalam 1262: 1261:Old Malayalam 1258: 1253: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1222:Malabar coast 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1198:Kerala Bhasha 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1175: 1174:Kerala Bhasha 1169: 1163: 1157: 1151: 1145: 1139: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1103:Chera dynasty 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1051: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1008: 1005:, written by 1004: 1003: 998: 994: 993: 988: 984: 980: 976: 975:Tulu language 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 951: 949: 945: 941: 940:Chera Perumal 937: 936:Old Malayalam 933: 929: 924: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 871:districts of 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 841:Mahé district 838: 834: 830: 826: 819: 813: 804: 791: 749: 743: 723:Malayāḷa Nāṭu 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 687: 683: 679: 673: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 643: 637: 633: 628: 624: 620: 618: 614: 610: 606: 604: 603: 598: 594: 590: 587: 582: 577: 572: 569: 564: 559: 554: 551: 546: 541: 536: 533: 531: 528: 527: 526: 524: 520: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 499: 498: 495: 494: 493: 487: 482: 476: 473: 471: 470:Hebrew script 468: 465: 462: 459: 456: 453: 450: 447: 444: 441: 438: 435: 432: 430: 427: 424: 420: 417: 416: 415: 411: 405: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 346: 342: 336: 335:South Malabar 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 314:North Malabar 311: 308: 304: 294: 291: 290: 289: 288:Old Malayalam 286: 285: 284: 281: 280: 279: 275: 269: 245: 242: 241: 240: 237: 236: 235: 231: 228: 227: 226: 222: 218: 217: 215: 214: 213: 209: 208: 207: 203: 202: 201: 197: 196: 195: 192: 191: 189: 188: 187: 183: 179: 173: 169: 164: 161: 157: 154: 151: 147: 142: 139: 135: 130: 127: 123: 118: 115: 113: 110: 109: 108: 105: 101: 98: 95: 91: 85: 83:pronunciation 75: 71: 69:Pronunciation 67: 63: 59: 54: 49: 45: 34: 29: 26: 22: 20237:Chembra Peak 20144:Panchavadyam 20080: 20014:Ottamthullal 20004:Mohiniyattam 19943:Architecture 19899:Kerala model 19859:Kerala Iyers 19826:Namboothiris 19805:Demographics 19780:Palakkad Gap 19641: 19296:Mala Malasar 19281:Malapandaram 19148: 19073: 19060: 19053: 18995:Kurukh-Malto 18956:Parji–Gadaba 18935:Kolami-Naiki 18867: 18759:Cholanaikkan 18731:Korra Koraga 18679: 18642: 18638:Malankuravan 18565: 18558:Malayalamoid 18523:Malapandaram 18513:Mala Malasar 17877:Sino-Tibetan 17506:Chittagonian 17402: 17352:Contemporary 17284:Languages of 16697: 16635:8th schedule 16489:Demographics 16258: 16254:Aithihyamala 16249:Keralolpathi 16213:Lilathilakam 16206:dictionaries 16204:Grammars and 16166: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16114:Makarakoythu 16097:Vanchippattu 16091: 16086: 16081: 16076: 16056: 16051: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16031: 16026: 16021: 16011: 16006: 15991: 15986: 15981: 15976: 15926: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15854:Krishnagatha 15843: 15838: 15833: 15828: 15823: 15818: 15813: 15808: 15789:Ramacharitam 15770: 15765: 15760: 15755: 15750: 15746:Krishi Pattu 15745: 15740: 15736:Mannar Pattu 15735: 15730: 15725: 15720: 15715: 15710: 15705: 15700: 15695: 15690: 15685: 15678: 15674:Koythu Pattu 15673: 15669:Njattu Pattu 15668: 15663: 15658: 15557:Unclassified 15523:Nair dialect 15436:Malapandaram 15385:Third Sangam 15375:First Sangam 15356: 15350:Manipravalam 15287: 15251:of Knowledge 15246: 15229: 15212: 15195: 15183:from Commons 15178: 15161: 15140: 15126: 15102: 15079: 15070: 15037: 15028: 15019: 14997: 14977: 14962:. Retrieved 14944: 14930: 14894: 14877: 14858: 14846: 14829: 14816: 14800: 14786: 14754: 14750:K. M. George 14722: 14709:. Retrieved 14701:10603/147356 14683: 14668: 14654: 14651:K. M. George 14625: 14604: 14582: 14557: 14542: 14526:. Retrieved 14506: 14488: 14454: 14430: 14409: 14388: 14375: 14353:. Retrieved 14344: 14335: 14323:. Retrieved 14314: 14305: 14293:. Retrieved 14282: 14272: 14245: 14240: 14228: 14220: 14205: 14197: 14190:. Retrieved 14170: 14163: 14144: 14125: 14113:. Retrieved 14109:the original 14102: 14093: 14085:the original 14075: 14063: 14055: 14049: 14037:. Retrieved 13993: 13987: 13975:. Retrieved 13971:the original 13961: 13949:. Retrieved 13940: 13930: 13918:. Retrieved 13898: 13891: 13879:. Retrieved 13875:the original 13865: 13853:. Retrieved 13844: 13834: 13822:. Retrieved 13813: 13803: 13793:15 September 13791:. Retrieved 13762:. Retrieved 13753: 13744: 13732:. Retrieved 13728:the original 13718: 13706:. Retrieved 13696: 13689: 13680: 13668:. Retrieved 13659: 13649: 13641:the original 13636: 13627: 13615:. Retrieved 13611:the original 13601: 13589: 13577:. Retrieved 13568: 13558: 13546:. Retrieved 13537: 13527: 13515:. Retrieved 13501: 13492: 13481: 13472: 13460:. Retrieved 13450: 13443: 13431:. Retrieved 13427:the original 13421: 13414: 13402:. Retrieved 13384: 13377: 13365:. Retrieved 13347: 13335:. Retrieved 13331:the original 13317: 13305:. Retrieved 13294: 13285: 13265: 13260: 13248:. Retrieved 13244:the original 13234: 13218: 13209: 13197:. Retrieved 13193:the original 13168:. Retrieved 13164:the original 13160:"The Script" 13142: 13130:. Retrieved 13126:the original 13116: 13104:. Retrieved 13095: 13070:. Retrieved 13061: 13036:. Retrieved 13027: 13017: 13005:. Retrieved 12993: 12981: 12969:. Retrieved 12965:the original 12960: 12951: 12939:. Retrieved 12919: 12912: 12900:. Retrieved 12896:the original 12886: 12874:. Retrieved 12864: 12857: 12814: 12808: 12789: 12783: 12771:. Retrieved 12764:the original 12751: 12742: 12733: 12727: 12715:. Retrieved 12701: 12689: 12677: 12664: 12657: 12649: 12644: 12632:. Retrieved 12612: 12605: 12596: 12578: 12571: 12559:. Retrieved 12543: 12536: 12526:10 September 12524:. Retrieved 12512: 12499: 12487:. Retrieved 12480:the original 12472: 12428:. Retrieved 12418: 12393: 12385: 12373:. Retrieved 12359: 12341: 12329:. Retrieved 12315: 12303:. Retrieved 12294: 12270:. Retrieved 12256: 12248: 12243: 12224:Manipravalam 12223: 12218: 12209: 12197: 12185:. Retrieved 12174: 12165: 12153:. Retrieved 12139: 12069: 12050: 12043: 12029: 12010: 11998:. Retrieved 11978: 11956:. Retrieved 11936: 11914:. Retrieved 11894: 11865: 11853:. Retrieved 11847: 11826:. Retrieved 11806: 11784:. Retrieved 11774: 11753:. Retrieved 11743: 11722:. Retrieved 11702: 11682:15 September 11680:. Retrieved 11671: 11662: 11652:15 September 11650:. Retrieved 11641: 11632: 11622:15 September 11620:. Retrieved 11611: 11602: 11582: 11562:. Retrieved 11542: 11524: 11505: 11395:. Retrieved 11375: 11368: 11359: 11353: 11341:. Retrieved 11311:(1): 13–31. 11308: 11304: 11294: 11282:. Retrieved 11272: 11265: 11254:, retrieved 11244: 11237: 11225:. Retrieved 11218:the original 11211:"Kollam Era" 11205: 11192: 11167:. Retrieved 11158: 11148: 11123: 11116: 11104:. Retrieved 11084: 11050: 11041: 11024: 11004: 10992: 10980:. Retrieved 10966: 10954:. Retrieved 10934: 10927: 10915:. Retrieved 10895: 10888: 10876:. Retrieved 10864: 10851: 10843: 10829: 10823: 10811:. Retrieved 10791: 10772: 10760:. Retrieved 10741: 10738: 10678:. Retrieved 10641: 10635: 10623:. Retrieved 10604: 10601: 10594: 10577: 10572: 10564: 10559: 10549: 10542: 10533: 10518: 10511: 10503:the original 10493: 10474: 10468: 10451: 10417:. Retrieved 10405: 10373:. Retrieved 10353: 10343: 10331:. Retrieved 10311: 10279:. Retrieved 10268: 10259: 10234: 10230: 10220: 10200: 10165: 10158: 10146:. Retrieved 10144:. Ethnologue 10136: 10124:. Retrieved 10110: 10098:. Retrieved 10094:the original 10084: 10072:. Retrieved 10068:the original 10058: 10046:. Retrieved 10037: 10028: 10016:. Retrieved 10005: 9996: 9988: 9983: 9972:, retrieved 9968:the original 9962: 9956: 9937: 9919: 9902: 9879:. Retrieved 9833:Manipravalam 9756:India portal 9733: 9714: 9702:E. Harikumar 9679: 9677: 9670: 9664: 9654: 9651:Vishakanyaka 9650: 9636: 9631: 9620: 9560: 9550: 9516: 9513: 9505:Kerala Varma 9489: 9484: 9474: 9406: 9376: 9363: 9359: 9355: 9350: 9343: 9337: 9331: 9315: 9310: 9270:Keralolpathi 9268: 9258: 9251: 9245: 9226:Krishnagatha 9225: 9213:Krishnagatha 9211: 9209: 9195: 9188: 9184: 9178: 9174: 9170: 9167:Manipravalam 9166: 9144: 9141:Manipravalam 9136: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9114: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9099: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9062: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9018: 9015:Ramacharitam 9014: 9010:Ramacharitam 9008: 8988:Cheeramakavi 8987: 8981: 8977:Ramacharitam 8975: 8973: 8945: 8935: 8928:Koythu Pattu 8927: 8924:Njattu Pattu 8923: 8919: 8915: 8911: 8905: 8889: 8875: 8802:Arthashastra 8800: 8792: 8790: 8785: 8782:Ramacharitam 8781: 8776: 8718: 8706:Manipravalam 8694: 8661: 8626:orthographic 8611: 8587:orthographic 8562: 8558: 8554: 8549: 8511: 8507:ആര്യ എഴുത്ത് 8487: 8451: 8446: 8442:വൈശികതന്ത്രം 8436: 8433:Manipravalam 8426: 8406:Tamil script 8394:South Canara 8375: 8363:Tamil-Brahmi 8345:Vatteluttu ( 8344: 8243: 8225: 8211: 8203:), thousand( 8191:" = hundred( 8179:), thousand( 8155:), thousand( 8149:" = hundred( 8142: 8133: 8131: 8122: 8101: 8080: 8059: 8030: 7955: 7804: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7658: 7625: 7592: 7553: 7515: 7477: 7416: 7383: 7373: 7335: 7293: 7286: 7282: 7254: 7238: 7236: 7192: 7180: 7132: 7086:was used by 7069: 6946: 6016: 5992: 5970: 5948: 5946:Instrumental 5926: 5904: 5882: 5860: 5833: 5811: 5802: 5774: 5749: 5724: 5722:Instrumental 5699: 5674: 5649: 5624: 5596: 5578: 5565:dental nasal 5548:declensional 5545: 5529: 5520:precede the 5499: 5485: 5477: 5465: 5457: 5445: 5428: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5309: 5308:, Malayalam 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5260:is spelt as 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5244:merged with 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5088: 5084: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5049: 4998:dental nasal 4935: 4899: 4865: 4848: 4814: 4797: 4776: 4747: 4728: 4705: 4688: 4669: 4643: 4626: 4609: 4590: 4573: 4545: 4528: 4505: 4488: 4468: 4451: 4423: 4406: 4383: 4364: 4347: 4319: 4302: 4279: 4262: 4245: 4228: 4190: 4173: 4156: 4139: 4131: 4114: 4097: 4066:Postalveolar 4031: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3994: 3918: 3902: 3873:chandrakkala 3868: 3858: 3824:. It is the 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3808:, Malayalam 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3750: 3729: 3703: 3684: 3667: 3648: 3624: 3605: 3588: 3575: 3558: 3459:, spoken in 3442: 3426:Monophthongs 3403:Persian Gulf 3328: 3323: 3319: 3317: 3281:South Canara 3262: 3239: 3232: 3227: 3220: 2620: 2619:(district), 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2590:Manipravalam 2535: 2401: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2314: 2307: 2302: 2227: 2131: 2127:phonological 2120: 2023:Kumaran Asan 2012: 2004: 1999: 1982:Keralolpathi 1980: 1944: 1934: 1928: 1919: 1749: 1741: 1735: 1716:Krishnagatha 1715: 1703:Krishnagatha 1701: 1697: 1691: 1675: 1636: 1626: 1620: 1616: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1587:Manipravalam 1578: 1571: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1533: 1530:Manipravalam 1525: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1493: 1484: 1468: 1464:Ramacharitam 1462: 1415: 1387:Middle Tamil 1367: 1341: 1337:Sangam works 1313:Middle Tamil 1286: 1234: 1228:in north to 1206:16th century 1197: 1194:12th century 1179: 1094: 1090: 1084: 1046: 1011: 1000: 990: 979:South Canara 952: 948:Ramacharitam 947: 928:Middle Tamil 925: 747: 746: 742:South Africa 677: 639: 617:Linguasphere 600: 475:Latin script 466:(historical) 454:(historical) 448:(historical) 442:(historical) 436:(historical) 283:Middle Tamil 243: 239:Malayalamoid 57: 25: 20312:Vallam kali 20060:Eid al-Adha 20055:Eid al-Fitr 19999:Koodiyattam 19973:Vallam kali 19869:Cochin Jews 19831:Ambalavasis 19669:Politicians 19574:Lakshadweep 19343:Thachanadan 18736:Mudu Koraga 18709:Tulu-Koraga 18675:Thachanadan 18373:Alu Kurumba 18225:Hela Havula 17935:Nepal Bhasa 17441:Bangladeshi 17291:Afghanistan 16613:Union-level 16470:Pink Decade 16119:Veena Poovu 15987:Balivijayam 15982:Kamsavadham 15967:Dakshayagam 15869:Narayaniyam 15814:Bharatamala 15741:Panar Pattu 15716:Sarpa Pattu 15494:Lakshadweep 15163:Definitions 15097:‹ The 14890:R. E. Asher 14550:: C. Stolz. 14345:rchiips.org 14295:11 November 14192:15 November 13394:10603/49524 13337:11 November 13250:20 November 13189:"Alphabets" 13170:20 November 13106:8 September 13062:ഗ്രന്ഥപ്പുര 13028:ഗ്രന്ഥപ്പുര 13007:8 September 12941:15 November 12876:15 November 12773:20 February 12717:20 February 12707:"Wals.info" 12430:22 December 12108:, The Hindu 12000:18 November 11958:18 November 11916:18 November 11855:18 November 11828:18 November 11786:18 November 11755:18 November 11724:18 November 11227:30 December 10680:20 February 10406:unicode.org 10375:15 November 10333:16 November 10237:: 184–191. 10142:"Malayalam" 10048:7 September 9881:26 December 9706:M. Mukundan 9669:(1955) and 9603:M. Mukundan 9409:in 1847 at 9275:Parashurama 9222:Kolathunadu 9216:written by 9180:Lilatilakam 9165:. The word 9001:Nileshwaram 8894:written by 8701:Nadan Pattu 8648:community. 8512:Ārya eḻuttŭ 8378:Vazhappally 8358:Vaṭṭezhuthŭ 8352:വട്ടെഴുത്ത് 8337:A medieval 8197:), hundred( 8173:), hundred( 7266:cillakṣaram 7217:license by 7203:text editor 7124:Lakshadweep 6934:paṭṭikaḷōḍŭ 6908:maṉuṣyarōḍŭ 6895:maṉuṣyaṉōḍŭ 6856:maraṅṅaḷōḍŭ 6607:paṭṭikaḷkkŭ 6601:പട്ടികൾക്ക് 6588:പട്ടിയ്ക്ക് 6581:maṉuṣyaṟkkŭ 6575:മനുഷ്യർക്ക് 6529:maraṅṅaḷkkŭ 6498:paṭṭikaḷuḍe 6472:maṉuṣyaruḍe 6459:maṉuṣyaṉd̠e 6420:maraṅṅaḷuḍe 6407:marattiṉd̠e 6287:Accusative 6069:Nominative 6029:"Elephant" 6013:Other nouns 5868:nām/ nammaḷ 5859:Nominative 5844:3rd person 5841:2nd person 5838:1st person 5623:Nominative 5601:1st person 5534:written by 5442:Sample text 5384:) and /ʃ/ ( 5304:e.g. Tamil 5280:Word final 5224:and 50% of 5208:/n,t,ɾ,l,ɻ/ 5153:/m,n,ɳ,l,ɭ/ 3788:and native 3371:Middle East 3355:Navi Mumbai 3265:Lakshadweep 3258:Maharashtra 3246:Arabian Sea 3242:Lakshadweep 3156:Lakshadweep 3147:32,413,213 3137:Proportion 2675:Beary bashe 2347:. Also the 2290:Lakshadweep 2278:Namboothiri 2212:Lakshadweep 2075:M. Mukundan 1987:Parashurama 1712:Kolathunadu 1706:written by 1612:Lilatilakam 1597:. The word 1426:upper-caste 1230:Kanyakumari 1119:Kolathunadu 1069:, meaning ' 1059:, meaning ' 1037:Arabian Sea 1033:Lakshadweep 1025:Kanyakumari 995:written by 877:Kanyakumari 833:Lakshadweep 707:Malayāḷikaḷ 654:instead of 507:Lakshadweep 373:Lakshadweep 272:Early forms 216:Tamil–Irula 141:Lakshadweep 20348:Categories 20128:Thayambaka 20009:Margamkali 19958:Literature 19884:Dravidians 19735:Backwaters 19609:Government 19219:Kanikkaran 18808:Mukha-Dora 18803:Manna-Dora 18633:Malamuthan 18618:Kanikkaran 18133:Old Italic 18073:Devanagari 17998:Historical 17867:Portuguese 17684:Burushaski 17603:Rajasthani 17526:Hindustani 17473:Indo-Aryan 17461:Sri Lankan 17296:Bangladesh 17229:Endangered 17032:Rajasthani 16916:unofficial 16875:Rajbangshi 16800:Kamatapuri 16705:(Manipuri) 16553:Aattakatha 16369:Vatteluttu 16364:Kolezhuthu 16286:Travelogue 16277:Yuktibhāṣā 16185:Kundalatha 16109:Odakkuzhal 16077:Naishadham 16042:Rajasooyam 15942:Bakavadham 15927:Balivadham 15917:Aattakatha 15864:Jnanappana 15829:Bhagavatam 15756:Pada Pattu 15651:Folk songs 15624:Literature 15511:Sociolects 15335:Karintamil 15231:Phrasebook 15197:Quotations 14964:5 February 14950:Trivandrum 14821:Trivandrum 14805:Trivandrum 14792:Trivandrum 14711:5 February 14689:Trivandrum 14528:5 February 13951:24 January 13764:20 October 13579:21 October 13307:28 October 13199:29 October 13132:31 October 12957:"Language" 12561:13 January 11169:27 October 11033:8182676444 10460:8182676444 9904:Ethnologue 9854:References 9838:Mulabhadra 9694:Kakkanadan 9480:Thalassery 9453:See also: 9431:Marthomite 9372:Thalassery 9368:Thalassery 9306:Malappuram 9260:Jnanappana 9254:Kilippattu 9175:Ruby-Coral 9133:Common Era 8902:Folk Songs 8752:Common Era 8652:Literature 8414:Kolezhuthu 8367:Tamil Nadu 8329:Vatteluttu 8253:pattil ēḻŭ 8246:പത്തിൽ ഏഴ് 7695:Devanagari 7683:Praślēṣam 7649:CHILLU LLL 7260:ചില്ലക്ഷരം 7145:, another 7135:Kolezhuthu 6956:Masculine 6928:പട്ടികളോട് 6902:മനുഷ്യരോട് 6889:മനുഷ്യനോട് 6832:Sociative 6825:paṭṭikaḷil 6799:maṉuṣyaril 6786:maṉuṣyaṉil 6747:maraṅṅaḷil 6716:paṭṭikaḷāl 6690:maṉuṣyarāl 6677:maṉuṣyaṉāl 6638:maraṅṅaḷāl 6523:മരങ്ങൾക്ക് 6492:പട്ടികളുടെ 6466:മനുഷ്യരുടെ 6453:മനുഷ്യൻ്റെ 6401:മരത്തിൻ്റെ 5949:പ്രായോജിക 5880:Accusative 5854:inclusive 5725:പ്രായോജിക 5647:Accusative 5584:nominative 5514:adjectives 5292:Malayalam 5276:Malayalam 5191:/n̪,ɲ,ŋ,t/ 5091:) 'Henry'. 4036:Consonants 4017:"tapped", 4013:"showed", 3936:, ai) and 3924:diphthongs 3883:Travancore 3851:⟩, thus, ⟨ 3816:, English 3307:speak the 3254:Tamil Nadu 3228:34,838,819 3208:Tamil Nadu 3182:Puducherry 3118:See also: 3063:Portuguese 2893:pañcāyattŭ 2887:പഞ്ചായത്ത് 2648:Portuguese 2582:liturgical 2566:Portuguese 2554:Hindustani 2333:Malappuram 2262:Namboodiri 2252:, Pulaya, 2230:Namboodiri 2207:Travancore 2201:Travancore 2167:Valluvanad 2123:intonation 2103:Portuguese 2097:including 2093:, and the 2089:including 1936:Kolezhuthu 1930:Vatteluttu 1751:Jnanappana 1744:Kilippattu 1637:Vatteluthu 1622:Kolezhuthu 1607:Ruby-Coral 1522:Common Era 1450:Vatteluttu 1309:Tamil Nadu 1303:spoken in 1283:) scripts. 1263:. Besides 1138:Malayalani 1127:Travancore 1123:Ay kingdom 967:Indo-Aryan 921:Hyderabad 903:including 881:Coimbatore 837:Puducherry 477:(informal) 434:Vatteluttu 369:Travancore 364:Travancore 354:Travancore 330:Valluvanad 194:Southern I 129:Puducherry 117:Tamil Nadu 20292:Peruvanam 20217:Alappuzha 20174:Samastha 20081:Malayalam 20074:Languages 20065:Christmas 20033:Festivals 19989:Kathakali 19909:Education 19836:Samanthas 19821:Malayalis 19740:Districts 19712:Geography 19679:Incidents 19644:elections 19642:Panchayat 19631:Governors 19303:Malavedan 19249:Kunduvadi 19199:Eravallan 19149:Malayalam 19076:indicate 18884:Konda-Kui 18869:Nagarchal 18827:Gondi-Kui 18650:Malavedan 18628:Kurichiya 18623:Kunduvadi 18566:Malayalam 18503:Eravallan 18475:Malayalam 18405:Toda-Kota 18345:Kannadoid 18173:influence 18093:Malayalam 18055:Shahmukhi 18022:Kharosthi 18007:(Abugida) 17940:Sikkimese 17793:Nicobaric 17456:Pakistani 17403:Malayalam 17385:Dravidian 17354:languages 17343:Sri Lanka 17321:classical 17316:scheduled 17219:Classical 17037:Surjapuri 16997:Khandeshi 16967:Dhundhari 16918:languages 16890:Sikkimese 16698:Malayalam 16605:languages 16421:Phonology 16398:Lexis and 16359:Malayanma 16190:Indulekha 15819:Ramayanam 15766:Onappattu 15476:Karnataka 15446:Malavedan 15288:Malayalam 15214:Textbooks 15141:Malayalam 15114:Malayalam 14982:New Delhi 14922:Malayalam 14904:Routledge 14895:Malayalam 14760:New Delhi 14728:New Delhi 14674:Bangalore 14610:New Delhi 14563:New Delhi 14548:Mangalore 14515:Cannanore 14431:Malayalam 14264:940373421 14221:The Hindu 14104:The Hindu 13941:The Hindu 13814:The Hindu 13660:The Hindu 13569:The Hindu 13548:28 August 13538:The Hindu 12489:8 January 11333:166060066 11325:2348-4489 10243:2249-1937 10007:The Hindu 9899:Malayalam 9663:with his 9599:Kamaladas 9490:Indulekha 9449:1850–1904 9411:Talasseri 9403:Stuttgart 9381:(CMS) at 9348:in 1789. 9240:from the 9232:from the 9210:The poem 9095:Kasaragod 9051:Kasaragod 8673:ī pazhama 8642:Singapore 8480:Chera era 8454:Malayanma 8347:Malayalam 8222:Fractions 7741:praślēṣam 7735:പ്രശ്ലേഷം 7730:Malayalam 7567:വാൿചാതുരി 7506:CHILLU LL 7407:CHILLU RR 7326:CHILLU NN 7313:Examples 7139:Malayanma 7128:Puduchery 7118:state of 7092:madrasahs 7030:Prajāpati 7015:Narasimha 6962:word stem 6921:paṭṭiyōḍŭ 6915:പട്ടിയോട് 6882:āṉakaḷōḍŭ 6850:മരങ്ങളോട് 6843:marattōḍŭ 6819:പട്ടികളിൽ 6793:മനുഷ്യരിൽ 6780:മനുഷ്യനിൽ 6723:Locative 6710:പട്ടികളാൽ 6684:മനുഷ്യരാൽ 6671:മനുഷ്യനാൽ 6594:paṭṭiykkŭ 6568:maṉuṣyaṉŭ 6555:āṉakaḷkkŭ 6549:ആനകൾക്ക് 6516:marattiṉŭ 6485:paṭṭiyuḍe 6479:പട്ടിയുടെ 6446:āṉagaḷuḍe 6414:മരങ്ങളുടെ 6396:Genitive 6389:paṭṭikaḷe 6363:maṉuṣyare 6350:maṉuṣyaṉe 6311:maraṅṅaḷe 6280:paṭṭikaḷē 6254:maṉuṣyarē 6202:maraṅṅaḷē 6178:Vocative 6061:Singular 6055:Singular 6049:Singular 6043:Singular 6003:niṅṅaḷōḍŭ 5997:ñaṅṅaḷōḍŭ 5990:Sociative 5940:avar̠kkŭ 5937:niṅṅaḷkkŭ 5931:ñaṅṅaḷkkŭ 5927:ഉദ്ദേശിക 5915:niṅṅaḷuḍe 5905:സംബന്ധിക 5850:exclusive 5772:Sociative 5700:ഉദ്ദേശിക 5675:സംബന്ധിക 5612:masculine 5590:Singular 5508:. A rare 5462:Malayalam 5346:/t̪,d̪,ʃ/ 5336:as ഖത്തർ 5318:/d͡ʒilaː/ 5018:(എന്നാൽ). 4987:d͡ʑʱ~d͡ʒʱ 4979:t͡ɕʰ~t͡ʃʰ 4660:Fricative 4623:d͡ʑʱ~d͡ʒʱ 4337:aspirated 4218:voiceless 4212:Affricate 4061:Retroflex 4025:"throw", 3875:is used ⟨ 3796:"water", 3449:ISO 15919 3417:Phonology 3347:Hyderabad 3343:Mangaluru 3339:Bengaluru 3301:Malayalis 3293:Malayalis 3289:Karnataka 3277:Mangalore 3250:Karnataka 3195:Karnataka 2990:pattēmāri 2984:പത്തേമാരി 2898:panchayat 2758:maʿmōdīṯā 2679:Tulu Nadu 2666:dialects. 2518:Karnataka 2491:phonology 2329:Kozhikode 2317:Kasaragod 2298:Tulu Nadu 2157:Kozhikode 2142:Kasaragod 2071:Kamaladas 1802:Malayalam 1730:from the 1722:from the 1628:Malayanma 1442:Tulu Nadu 1430:Nambudiri 1404:Nambudiri 1402:from the 1333:Keralites 1301:Old Tamil 1168:Mallealle 1091:Malayalam 1076:Malayalam 1050:Malayalam 1047:The word 1043:Etymology 1009:in 1785. 909:Bengaluru 873:Karnataka 843:) by the 803:Malayāḷam 748:Malayalam 715:Malayāḷam 688:standard. 686:ISO 15919 678:Malayalam 623:49-EBE-ba 602:Glottolog 586:ISO 639-3 568:ISO 639-2 550:ISO 639-1 446:Malayanma 440:Koleluttu 322:Kozhikode 310:Kasaragod 278:Old Tamil 244:Malayalam 234:Malayalam 186:Dravidian 170:: 710,000 149:Ethnicity 58:Malayalam 44:malayāḷaṁ 31:Malayalam 19889:Adivasis 19846:Mappilas 19813:Religion 19760:Marayoor 19621:Agencies 19613:Politics 19453:Category 19384:Aranadan 19368:Yerukala 19318:Muthuvan 19286:Malaryan 19244:Kumbaran 19214:Kalanadi 18968:Kondekor 18790:Teluguic 18769:Kumbaran 18687:Vishavan 18644:Malaryan 18613:Kalanadi 18603:Eranadan 18548:Yerukala 18533:Muthuvan 18496:Sankethi 18483:Tamiloid 18473:Tamil - 18337:- Badaga 18335:Kannada 18213:Activism 18185:Hinglish 18088:Gurmukhi 18083:Gujarati 18050:Nastaliq 17945:Tenyidie 17900:Dzongkha 17717:Lyngngam 17676:Isolates 17613:Sanskrit 17608:Rangpuri 17578:Maithili 17553:Kashmiri 17541:Hinglish 17521:Gujarati 17491:Bhojpuri 17486:Assamese 17451:Nepalese 17428:Germanic 17370:Aka-Jeru 17338:Pakistan 17328:Maldives 17192:Tangkhul 17064:speakers 16987:Haryanvi 16972:Garhwali 16929:speakers 16820:Kokborok 16775:Bhojpuri 16729:Sanskrit 16693:Maithili 16683:Kashmiri 16668:Gujarati 16648:Assamese 16603:Official 16543:Mygurudu 16032:Kiratham 15824:Bharatam 15538:Suriyani 15441:Malaryan 15416:Aranadan 15399:Dialects 15099:template 15023:Obsolete 15002:Kottayam 14996:(1966). 14976:(1956). 14958:Archived 14942:(1953). 14876:(1990). 14863:Kottayam 14857:(1990). 14815:(1977). 14784:(1977). 14752:(1972). 14705:Archived 14653:(1968). 14634:S.P.C.S. 14630:Kottayam 14624:(1967). 14602:(1967). 14540:(1872). 14519:Archived 14504:(1867). 14494:Cottayam 14386:(2014). 14349:Archived 14319:Archived 14289:Archived 14213:Archived 14186:Archived 14152:Archived 14133:Archived 14115:30 March 14030:Archived 13945:Archived 13920:18 March 13914:Archived 13881:19 March 13849:Archived 13818:Archived 13787:Archived 13758:Archived 13702:Archived 13664:Archived 13573:Archived 13542:Archived 13511:Archived 13456:Archived 13398:Archived 13361:Archived 13301:Archived 13299:. 2009. 13100:Archived 13096:Omniglot 13072:12 April 13066:Archived 13038:12 April 13032:Archived 12998:Archived 12935:Archived 12870:Archived 12846:Archived 12711:Archived 12628:Archived 12588:24650188 12552:Archived 12517:Archived 12424:Archived 12369:Archived 12348:Archived 12331:30 March 12325:Archived 12305:17 April 12299:Archived 12272:29 April 12266:Archived 12228:Archived 12181:Archived 12149:Archived 12145:"Ravula" 12128:Archived 12102:Archived 12077:Archived 12058:Archived 12036:Archived 12019:Archived 11994:Archived 11952:Archived 11910:Archived 11873:Archived 11822:Archived 11780:Archived 11749:Archived 11718:Archived 11676:Archived 11646:Archived 11616:Archived 11558:Archived 11391:Archived 11337:Archived 11278:Archived 11250:archived 11197:Archived 11163:Archived 11100:Archived 10976:Archived 10950:Archived 10911:Archived 10878:24 April 10869:Archived 10807:Archived 10756:Archived 10674:Archived 10646:Archived 10619:Archived 10582:Archived 10410:Archived 10369:Archived 10327:Archived 10281:21 March 10275:Archived 10251:27192872 10120:Archived 10042:Archived 10012:Archived 9946:Archived 9927:Archived 9875:Archived 9843:Mygurudu 9828:Malayali 9742:See also 9718:has the 9638:Chemmeen 9563:Jnanpith 9423:Kottayam 9419:Sanskrit 9395:Anglican 9391:Kottayam 9383:Kottayam 9281:king to 9155:Sanskrit 9083:Honoured 9017:such as 8855:Palakkad 8847:Thrissur 8797:Chanakya 8638:Malaysia 8583:Maḏnḥāyā 8555:Karshoni 8546:, India) 8540:Thrissur 8526:Karshoni 8502:Sanskrit 8498:Malayali 8398:Sanskrit 8339:Tigalari 8167:" = ten( 7795:Numerals 7703:avagraha 7698:avagraha 7616:CHILLU Y 7583:CHILLU M 7544:CHILLU K 7468:CHILLU L 7364:CHILLU N 7310:Remarks 7296:letters 7275:Anusvara 7253:), or a 7184:anusvāra 7048:tadbhava 7007:Rāmāyaṇa 6984:"woman". 6981:vocative 6958:Sanskrit 6876:ആനകളോട് 6837:മരത്തോട് 6812:paṭṭiyil 6806:പട്ടിയിൽ 6773:āṉakaḷil 6741:മരങ്ങളിൽ 6734:marattil 6703:paṭṭiyāl 6697:പട്ടിയാൽ 6664:āṉakaḷāl 6632:മരങ്ങളാൽ 6625:marattāl 6562:മനുഷ്യന് 6536:ആനയ്ക്ക് 6510:മരത്തിന് 6440:ആനകളുടെ 6383:പട്ടികളെ 6357:മനുഷ്യരെ 6344:മനുഷ്യനെ 6274:പട്ടികളേ 6248:മനുഷ്യരേ 6171:paṭṭigaḷ 6145:maṉuṣyaṟ 6132:maṉuṣyaṉ 6093:maraṅṅaḷ 6032:"Human" 6006:avarōḍŭ 5993:സംയോജിക 5981:niṅṅaḷil 5975:ñaṅṅaḷil 5968:Locative 5959:niṅṅaḷāl 5918:avaruḍe 5902:Genitive 5834:വിഭക്തി 5791:adinōḍŭ 5775:സംയോജിക 5747:Locative 5672:Genitive 5618:neutral 5615:feminine 5597:വിഭക്തി 5580:Vocative 5340:, കത്ത് 5212:/n̪,r,ɭ/ 5187:/kaɭɭam/ 5106:ഇരിക്കുക 5100:കിടക്കുക 5074:taṉṟēṭam 4056:Alveolar 3921:Sanskrit 3814:suhr̥ttŭ 3477:Sanskrit 3399:Malayali 3383:Malaysia 3324:Eranadan 3297:Virajpet 3212:957,705 3199:701,673 3094:Sanskrit 3008:patemārī 2942:𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚 2915:pañcāyat 2827:naṅkūraṁ 2752:ܡܥܡܘܕܝܬܐ 2740:māmōdīsa 2611:(bail), 2605:adālattŭ 2594:Sanskrit 2586:Sanskrit 2538:Sanskrit 2363:(Call), 2359:(Path), 2309:Eranadan 2258:Kasargod 2199:Central 2195:Vembanad 2182:Thrissur 2177:Palakkad 2134:dialects 2117:Dialects 2035:Jnanpith 1993:king to 1957:Sanskrit 1822:Tigalari 1765:Tigalari 1653:Sanskrit 1595:Sanskrit 1566:does in 1407:Brahmins 1396:Sanskrit 1319:such as 1212:and the 1202:language 1186:language 1182:literary 1150:Malabari 1144:Malayali 1109:and the 1107:Zamorins 1081:mountain 1061:mountain 983:Sanskrit 897:Malayali 885:Nilgiris 845:Malayali 712:Language 699:Malayāḷi 660:Help:IPA 609:mala1464 393:Suriyani 362:Central 359:Vembanad 345:Thrissur 341:Palakkad 306:Dialects 190:Southern 159:Speakers 153:Malayali 20317:Wayanad 20272:Kovalam 20209:Tourism 20149:Sopanam 20134:Kolkali 20019:Theyyam 19994:Kolkali 19948:Cuisine 19926:Culture 19904:Tourism 19879:Pulayar 19864:Ezhavas 19850:Thiyyas 19809:Economy 19506:History 19404:English 19353:Ullatan 19333:Pathiya 19323:Paliyan 19291:Malasar 19254:Kurumba 19194:Bellari 19144:Konkani 19139:Kannada 19074:Italics 18928:Central 18875:Pardhan 18848:Khirwar 18798:Chenchu 18764:Kakkala 18721:Bellari 18681:Ullatan 18665:Pathiya 18543:Pattapu 18538:Paliyan 18518:Malasar 18508:Kaikadi 18368:Sholaga 18353:Kannada 18113:Sinhala 18108:Ranjana 18098:Kannada 18078:Bengali 18065:Brahmic 17991:Scripts 17973:Turkmen 17955:Tripuri 17950:Tibetan 17915:Ladakhi 17854:Romance 17821:Teressa 17778:Santali 17773:Mundari 17694:Kusunda 17651:Balochi 17643:Iranian 17633:Sylheti 17628:Sinhala 17618:Saraiki 17598:Punjabi 17583:Marathi 17563:Kumaoni 17558:Konkani 17511:Dhivehi 17496:Bengali 17436:English 17398:Kannada 17147:Ladakhi 17052:Varhadi 17017:Marwari 17007:Lambadi 17002:Kumaoni 16982:Harauti 16962:Bundeli 16952:Bajjika 16942:Bagheli 16860:Mundari 16825:Kurmali 16815:Khortha 16734:Santali 16724:Punjabi 16709:Marathi 16688:Konkani 16678:Kannada 16653:Bengali 16625:English 16400:grammar 16342:Scripts 16242:History 15569:Kakkala 15548:Mappila 15461:Paliyan 15295:History 15101:below ( 14480:English 14368:Sources 14355:12 June 14325:12 June 13977:5 April 13855:12 June 13824:12 June 13734:2 March 13670:6 April 13617:5 April 12902:24 June 12634:25 June 12375:10 July 12187:16 July 12155:14 June 10762:19 July 10625:19 July 10419:28 June 10148:3 March 10126:5 April 10100:5 April 10074:5 April 9724:English 9666:Ummachu 9443:Liturgy 9316:Thullal 9185:Bhashya 9159:Prakrit 9110:Puranas 9043:Eriyuka 8932:Ballads 8678:transl. 8618:Ponnani 8464:Grantha 8418:Malabar 8410:Malabar 8369:and in 8349:: 8316:arakkāl 8308:⁄ 8280:⁄ 8270:⁄ 8261:⁄ 8237:⁄ 8215:൧൦൦൦൦൦൦ 7981:10,099 7896:⁄ 7885:⁄ 7874:⁄ 7814:⁄ 7732:: 7708:elision 7301:Letter 7279:visarga 7225:at the 7221:of the 7188:visarga 7044:tatsama 6993:Brahman 6869:āṉayōḍŭ 6767:ആനകളിൽ 6728:മരത്തിൽ 6658:ആനകളാൽ 6619:മരത്താൽ 6542:āṉaykkŭ 6505:Dative 6433:āṉayuḍe 6376:paṭṭiye 6370:പട്ടിയെ 6337:āṉakaḷe 6305:മരങ്ങളെ 6298:maratte 6241:maṉuṣyā 6235:മനുഷ്യാ 6228:āṉakaḷē 6196:മരങ്ങളേ 6165:പട്ടികൾ 6139:മനുഷ്യർ 6126:മനുഷ്യൻ 6087:മരങ്ങൾ 6064:Plural 6058:Plural 6052:Plural 6046:Plural 6026:"Tree" 6000:nammōḍŭ 5971:ആധാരിക 5962:avarāl 5912:nammuḍe 5893:niṅṅaḷe 5890:nammaḷe 5887:ñaṅṅaḷe 5861:സംബോധന 5827:Plural 5796:Notes: 5788:avaḷōḍŭ 5785:avaṉōḍŭ 5782:niṉṉōḍŭ 5750:ആധാരിക 5741:atiṉāl 5713:avaḷkkŭ 5707:niṉakkŭ 5691:atiṉte 5688:avaḷute 5625:സംബോധന 5490:Grammar 5454:English 5431:letters 5358:karaṇḍŭ 5338:khattaṟ 5284:became 5258:nan̠r̠i 5189:'lie'. 5147:/falam/ 5118:മത്തങ്ങ 5089:hen̠r̠i 5085:en̠r̠ōḷ 5060:became 4983:d͡ʑ~d͡ʒ 4975:t͡ɕ~t͡ʃ 4834:lateral 4767:central 4762:Approx. 4563:breathy 4207:Plosive 4081:Glottal 4071:Palatal 4029:"lots" 3915:script. 3913:abugida 3822:karaṇṭŭ 3818:current 3810:manassŭ 3535:Central 3520:Central 3391:Toronto 3335:Chennai 3313:Wayanad 3244:in the 3186:47,973 3173:27,475 3163:84.17% 3160:54,264 3150:97.03% 3096:: 3086:, ' 3065:: 3032:: 3030:Persian 3002:पतेमारी 2999:: 2997:Marathi 2975:*paʀaqu 2972:: 2939:: 2906:: 2896:, ' 2869:: 2860:miniyāṉ 2854:മിനിയാൻ 2836:: 2821:നങ്കൂരം 2809:: 2807:English 2785:de paal 2782:: 2749:: 2734:മാമോദീസ 2716:: 2694:Source 2644:English 2621:tālukkŭ 2570:Prakrit 2562:Persian 2495:English 2456:Persian 2440:sumbhan 2434:eebhyan 2419:'lie', 2353:Kannada 2345:Kannada 2341:Kannada 2325:Wayanad 2274:Nasrani 2254:Nasrani 2238:Mappila 2152:Wayanad 2005:Thullal 1899:Sinhala 1879:Kannada 1842:Grantha 1777:Letter 1761:Grantha 1657:Prakrit 1617:Bhashya 1550:of the 1409:of the 1400:Prakrit 1354:on the 1321:Paranar 1247:History 1162:Maliyad 1132:Alealum 1125:(later 1121:), and 1117:(later 1105:(later 1101:of the 1086:Malabar 1063:', and 1035:in the 913:Chennai 823:) is a 720:Country 656:Unicode 452:Grantha 423:Brahmic 318:Wayanad 200:Kannada 20282:Munnar 20247:Kollam 20124:Chenda 20050:Pooram 19498:topics 19495:Kerala 19338:Ravula 19328:Paniya 19313:Muduga 19308:Mannan 19239:Kudiya 19229:Koraga 19224:Kodava 19159:Telugu 19120:Kerala 19032:Brahui 19002:Kurukh 18973:Ollari 18963:Duruwa 18942:Kolami 18858:Madiya 18818:Waddar 18813:Telugu 18752:Others 18743:Kudiya 18726:Koraga 18670:Ravula 18660:Paniya 18571:Jeseri 18528:Mannan 18457:Muduga 18431:Kodava 18424:Kodagu 18396:Badaga 18358:Holiya 18157:Thaana 18123:Telugu 18032:Arabic 18005:Brahmi 17965:Turkic 17925:Meitei 17910:Hajong 17862:French 17844:Jarawa 17811:Chaura 17704:Khasic 17689:Nihali 17661:Pashto 17623:Sindhi 17588:Nepali 17568:Magahi 17548:Hindko 17501:Chakma 17481:Angika 17446:Indian 17413:Telugu 17393:Brahui 17375:Aka-Bo 17301:Bhutan 17275:Major 17197:Thadou 17162:Mising 17122:Konyak 17117:Kolami 17112:Kodava 17107:Khotta 17092:Dimasa 17087:Badaga 17077:Angami 17027:Nimadi 17022:Mewari 16992:Kangri 16937:Awadhi 16900:Tamang 16895:Sunwar 16885:Sherpa 16865:Newari 16845:Magahi 16835:Lepcha 16830:Kurukh 16805:Kharia 16790:Gurung 16770:Angika 16749:Telugu 16739:Sindhi 16714:Nepali 16703:Meitei 16637:to the 16536:Others 16458:Events 16302:Others 16069:Poetry 15804:Koothu 15781:Bhakti 15633:Sangam 15502:Jeseri 15451:Mannan 15426:Ravula 15421:Paniya 15408:Kerala 15367:Sangam 15328:Stages 15302:Family 15118:Curlie 15104:Curlie 14910: 14900:London 14882:Madras 14867:N.B.S. 14834:Madras 14770: 14738: 14659:Bombay 14639: 14569: 14462: 14438: 14417: 14396: 14262: 14252: 14178: 14039:8 June 13906: 13517:27 May 13462:27 May 13433:27 May 13404:27 May 13225: 12971:28 May 12927: 12821: 12796: 12620: 12586: 11986: 11944: 11902: 11814: 11710: 11564:18 May 11550: 11397:7 June 11383: 11343:7 June 11331: 11323: 11284:9 June 11256:9 June 11106:7 June 11092: 11058: 11031: 10982:22 May 10956:7 June 10942: 10917:7 June 10903: 10836: 10813:18 May 10799: 10748: 10611: 10526: 10481: 10458: 10361: 10319: 10249: 10241: 10208: 10018:25 May 9974:10 May 9783:Jeseri 9730:Poetry 9716:Kerala 9609:, and 9439:Syriac 9435:Syriac 9429:. The 9192:Kavyas 9190:Champu 9135:. The 9123:, and 9071:Kumbla 9055:Kannur 9031:Iniyum 8831:Kannur 8730:, and 8646:Muslim 8634:Kerala 8575:Kerala 8544:Kerala 8424:area. 8422:Cochin 8396:, and 8371:Kerala 8303:) and 8300:mukkāl 8112:മൂന്ന് 8076:āyiram 7436:, not 7294:Chillu 7287:chillu 7283:chillu 7271:virama 7244:ചില്ല് 7239:chillu 7211:Kerala 7199:glyphs 7120:Kerala 7116:Indian 7112:Kannur 7080:Arabic 7076:Syriac 7019:Ananta 7011:sandhi 6989:Brahmā 6977:Lakṣmī 6966:Kr̥ṣṇa 6863:ആനയോട് 6760:āṉayil 6651:āṉayāl 6427:ആനയുടെ 6331:ആനകളെ 6292:മരത്തെ 6222:ആനകളേ 6189:maramē 6119:āṉakaḷ 6035:"Dog" 5978:nammil 5956:nammāl 5924:Dative 5896:avare 5871:niṅṅaḷ 5865:ñaṅṅaḷ 5779:eṉṉōḍŭ 5763:avaḷil 5760:avaṉil 5757:niṉṉil 5738:avaḷāl 5735:avaṉāl 5732:niṉṉāl 5716:atiṉŭ 5704:eṉikkŭ 5697:Dative 5666:atiṉe 5557:nasals 5435:French 5429:chillu 5417:mukham 5409:kharam 5401:dhaṉam 5397:thaṉam 5393:dhaṉam 5374:fōs(ŭ) 5366:mer̠ūṇ 5362:mar̠ūṇ 5322:/zilʔ/ 5296:Final 5234:ṅṅ, ññ 4441:voiced 4051:Dental 4046:Labial 4001:kāryaṁ 3806:suhr̥t 3487:Vowels 3377:, and 3363:Mysuru 3351:Mumbai 3331:Malaya 3320:Yerava 3215:2.70% 3202:1.14% 3189:3.84% 3176:7.22% 3143:Kerala 3090:' 3083:lakṣam 3068:janela 3056:jaṉāla 2963:paṭakŭ 2930:acchaṉ 2909:पंचायत 2900:' 2878:minyán 2867:Hebrew 2845:ánkūra 2839:ἄγκῡρα 2794:ആപ്പിൾ 2767:തപാല്‍ 2714:Arabic 2664:Muslim 2660:Arabic 2654:, and 2652:Syriac 2636:Ladino 2634:, and 2632:Syriac 2628:Hebrew 2609:jāmyaṃ 2601:Arabic 2574:Syriac 2572:, and 2546:Arabic 2510:Ravula 2506:Ravula 2499:Syriac 2452:Arabic 2416:bhosku 2410:viddhi 2393:Kollam 2383:, and 2331:, and 2321:Kannur 2303:Yerava 2286:Jeseri 2256:, and 2250:Yerava 2246:Jeseri 2222:Ravula 2205:South 2162:Eranad 2091:Arabic 2081:, and 2057:, and 2007:, and 1969:Arabic 1939:, and 1782:Script 1767:, and 1672:stylus 1575:Kavyas 1573:Champu 1570:. The 1556:Ulloor 1524:. The 1512:, and 1379:Kerala 1335:. The 1305:Kerala 1281:Hebrew 1269:Arabic 1237:period 1226:Kumbla 1214:region 1210:script 1190:Kerala 1171:, and 1156:Malean 1071:region 1017:Kumbla 981:, and 905:Mumbai 875:, and 865:Kodagu 829:Kerala 797:മലയാളം 704:People 696:Person 502:Kerala 385:Jeseri 381:Ravula 367:South 352:North 326:Eranad 221:Kodava 219:Tamil– 210:Tamil– 204:Tamil– 198:Tamil– 112:Kerala 103:Region 38:മലയാളം 20232:Bekal 20116:Music 20040:Vishu 19841:Nairs 19539:Chera 19389:Beary 19358:Urali 19209:Kadar 19204:Irula 19189:Allar 19154:Tamil 19007:Malto 18987:North 18947:Naiki 18911:Pengo 18906:Manda 18891:Konda 18863:Muria 18843:Gondi 18835:Gondi 18608:Kadar 18598:Allar 18581:Byari 18491:Tamil 18452:Irula 18445:Irula 18436:Urali 18320:South 18150:Other 18141:Latin 18118:Tamil 18016:Indus 18011:Greek 17978:Uzbek 17920:Limbu 17890:Balti 17831:Ongan 17768:Korku 17755:Munda 17712:Khasi 17666:Wakhi 17573:Mahal 17531:Hindi 17516:Dogri 17408:Tamil 17333:Nepal 17306:India 17177:Rabha 17167:Nishi 17157:Malto 17152:Lotha 17127:Korku 17102:Karbi 17097:Halbi 17047:Wagdi 17012:Malvi 16977:Gondi 16957:Bhili 16947:Bagri 16914:Major 16880:Sadri 16850:Magar 16840:Limbu 16810:Khasi 16744:Tamil 16673:Hindi 16663:Dogri 16620:Hindi 16510:Media 16449:Mozhi 16177:Novel 16132:Prose 15909:Drama 15771:Kummi 15484:Beary 15431:Kadar 15180:Media 15011:Notes 14588:Poona 14522:(PDF) 14511:(PDF) 14033:(PDF) 14026:(PDF) 13708:1 May 13367:9 May 13001:(PDF) 12990:(PDF) 12767:(PDF) 12760:(PDF) 12669:(PDF) 12584:JSTOR 12555:(PDF) 12548:(PDF) 12520:(PDF) 12509:(PDF) 12483:(PDF) 12469:(PDF) 11329:S2CID 11221:(PDF) 11214:(PDF) 10872:(PDF) 10861:(PDF) 10413:(PDF) 10402:(PDF) 10247:JSTOR 9710:Anand 9617:Prose 9521:were 9401:from 9302:Tirur 9283:Mecca 9106:Campu 9102:Pattu 9079:Thiru 9039:Ninne 9035:Ninna 9027:Innum 9023:Mumbe 8912:Pattu 8819:Tirur 8579:India 8429:Tamil 8118:mūnnŭ 8097:pattŭ 8091:പത്ത് 8070:ആയിരം 8055:raṇḍŭ 8049:രണ്ട് 8023:൰൲൯൰൯ 7867:1000 7765:Danda 7722:, or 7307:Base 7250:cillŭ 7195:fonts 7171:Udupi 7072:Latin 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