2140:
232:. The Kota population is about 2500. The origin of the name Kota is derived from the Dravidian root word 'Ko' meaning Mountain. Traditionally Kota and Toda are seen as from a single branch Toda-Kota which separated from Tamil-Kota but recently Krishnamurti considers it to have diverged first from Tamil-Kota and later Toda as it doesn't have the centralized vowels characterized for Tamil-Toda.
224:. In the late 1800s, the native speaking population was about 1,100. In 1990, the population was only 930, out of an ethnic population of perhaps 1,400, despite the great increase in the population of the area. The language is 'critically endangered' due to the greater social status of neighbouring languages. The Kota language may have originated from
801:
1843:
2075:
1036:
1004:
642:
24:
781:
Caldwell, Robert. 1875. A Comparative
Grammar of the Dravidian Or South-Indian Family of Languages. London: Trübner & Company
2444:
1836:
867:
716:
809:
709:
2068:
1029:
842:
2439:
2042:
1829:
542:
407:
Kota notably doesn't have central vowels like the other
Nilgiri languages, Toda, the closest language also has it.
351:
344:
674:
593:
2449:
2418:
2061:
1022:
618:
369:
362:
188:
738:
734:
730:
2359:
535:
312:
305:
889:
1745:
1624:
687:
528:
514:
394:
387:
2224:
1993:
1720:
1195:
1096:
1053:
103:
2364:
1009:
586:
521:
330:
323:
2405:
2328:
2029:
1750:
1425:
579:
565:
549:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2024:
1934:
1639:
1388:
1116:
1111:
484:
445:
2261:
2246:
1795:
1492:
1464:
1371:
1256:
1246:
661:
649:
572:
468:
20:
832:
2308:
1629:
1469:
1408:
1106:
600:
8:
2395:
2184:
2014:
1998:
1929:
1541:
1536:
1366:
1351:
1291:
1045:
608:
475:
440:
221:
205:
95:
68:
2400:
2379:
2268:
2214:
2164:
2019:
1602:
1383:
1361:
1356:
1324:
1236:
980:
972:
943:
914:
493:
435:
180:
2349:
2333:
2283:
2251:
2209:
2179:
1701:
1502:
1420:
1377:
1346:
1336:
1281:
1266:
984:
863:
838:
698:
667:
558:
450:
58:
790:
Prema, S. n.d. "Status of
Dravidian Tribal Languages in Kerala" University of Kerala
2369:
2318:
2298:
2288:
2256:
2219:
2159:
2109:
1608:
1581:
1531:
1523:
1497:
1454:
1414:
1398:
1276:
1271:
1251:
1241:
1229:
1101:
1078:
964:
935:
906:
430:
425:
109:
2374:
2303:
2293:
2278:
2273:
2204:
2194:
2189:
2124:
2099:
1913:
1872:
1788:
1765:
1735:
1706:
1696:
1675:
1591:
1568:
1551:
1546:
1476:
1459:
1403:
1393:
1319:
1309:
1261:
1216:
1190:
1164:
1129:
1091:
462:
455:
87:
193:
2354:
2323:
2174:
2169:
2154:
2119:
1924:
1867:
1811:
1779:
1740:
1680:
1644:
1596:
1576:
1341:
1331:
1224:
1185:
1169:
999:
501:
137:
968:
760:
2433:
2313:
2129:
1972:
1634:
1586:
1449:
1314:
1144:
632:
507:
255:
229:
225:
209:
926:
Emeneau, M. B. (June 1969). "Onomatopoetics in the Indian
Linguistic Area".
144:
1821:
164:
250:
1853:
765:
299:
260:
213:
2053:
1014:
976:
947:
918:
2114:
1882:
1299:
416:
377:
338:
173:
157:
862:(null ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 53.
955:
Emeneau, M. B. (24 December 2009). "Proto-Dravidian *c-: Toda t-".
939:
910:
2104:
1877:
1086:
2085:
1304:
837:. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. p. 37.
217:
48:
2139:
897:
Emeneau, M. B. (April 2000). "Some
Origins of Kota -j(-)".
1000:
Olympic Song
Practice Session in Kota Language & Style
1814:(no surviving native speakers and no spoken descendant)
957:
Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African Studies
2431:
830:
2069:
1837:
1030:
1005:The hare in the moon and eclipses of the moon
1061:
857:
1851:
1728:
893:California: University of California Press.
2076:
2062:
1844:
1830:
1037:
1023:
1077:
899:Journal of the American Oriental Society
25:Kota language (Central African Republic)
2083:
1044:
954:
925:
896:
2432:
208:with about 900 native speakers in the
2057:
1825:
1018:
756:
754:
799:
220:. It is spoken mainly by the tribal
1310:Arabi Malayalam (Mappila Malayalam)
729:and occur in free variation with /
13:
880:
751:
14:
2461:
993:
858:Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003).
715:
708:
686:
673:
648:
641:
617:
599:
592:
585:
578:
571:
564:
548:
541:
534:
527:
520:
513:
492:
483:
474:
467:
393:
386:
368:
361:
350:
343:
329:
322:
311:
304:
2138:
737:/. occurs as an allophone of /
851:
824:
793:
784:
775:
1:
2445:Endangered languages of India
802:"The Kota Tribes of Nilgiris"
800:Raju, Jamuna (30 June 2012).
744:
410:
831:Narasimhacharya, R. (1990).
375:
336:
297:
235:
7:
2360:Cannanore Portuguese creole
2343:Other languages and creoles
1987:Other languages and creoles
834:History of Kannada Language
16:Dravidian language of India
10:
2466:
228:and is closely related to
18:
2414:
2388:
2342:
2147:
2136:
2092:
2038:
2007:
1986:
1891:
1860:
1805:
1778:
1761:
1719:
1689:
1668:
1661:
1617:
1567:
1560:
1522:
1515:
1485:
1442:
1290:
1215:
1206:
1178:
1157:
1138:
1068:
1052:
969:10.1017/S0041977X00087280
660:
631:
607:
500:
461:
422:
259:
254:
249:
247:
240:
187:
171:
155:
150:
134:
84:
74:
64:
54:
44:
37:
32:
2365:Cochin Portuguese creole
19:Not to be confused with
2440:Agglutinative languages
2406:Languages of South Asia
2030:Languages of South Asia
860:The Dravidian languages
771:(subscription required)
2025:Languages of Sri Lanka
1935:Betta Kurumba language
741:/ before retroflexes.
80:930 (2001 census)
1796:Proto-South Dravidian
204:is a language of the
21:Kota language (Gabon)
2093:Non-tribal languages
887:Emeneau, M.B. 1944.
2450:Dravidian languages
2396:Dravidian languages
2015:Dravidian languages
1930:Kanikkaran language
1046:Dravidian languages
419:
222:Kota people (India)
2401:Languages of India
2380:Suriyani Malayalam
2020:Languages of India
1325:Suriyani Malayalam
415:
2427:
2426:
2051:
2050:
1994:Thanjavur Marathi
1819:
1818:
1812:extinct languages
1774:
1773:
1746:Kumarbhag Paharia
1715:
1714:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1511:
1510:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1125:
1124:
1010:Kota Swadesh List
869:978-0-511-06037-3
769:(18th ed., 2015)
727:
726:
405:
404:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
199:
198:
2457:
2225:Attapady Kurumba
2148:Tribal languages
2142:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2055:
2054:
1892:Tribal languages
1846:
1839:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1726:
1725:
1666:
1665:
1565:
1564:
1520:
1519:
1213:
1212:
1196:Attapady Kurumba
1097:Maundadan Chetti
1075:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1016:
1015:
988:
951:
922:
874:
873:
855:
849:
848:
828:
822:
821:
819:
817:
808:. Archived from
797:
791:
788:
782:
779:
773:
772:
758:
740:
736:
732:
719:
712:
701:
690:
677:
670:
652:
645:
621:
603:
596:
589:
582:
575:
568:
561:
552:
545:
538:
531:
524:
517:
510:
496:
487:
478:
471:
420:
414:
397:
390:
372:
365:
354:
347:
333:
326:
315:
308:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
245:
244:
206:Dravidian family
183:
167:
160:
140:
90:
30:
29:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2410:
2384:
2375:Judeo-Malayalam
2338:
2143:
2134:
2100:Arabi Malayalam
2088:
2082:
2052:
2047:
2034:
2003:
1982:
1887:
1856:
1850:
1820:
1815:
1801:
1789:Proto-Dravidian
1780:Proto-languages
1770:
1757:
1711:
1685:
1649:
1613:
1556:
1507:
1481:
1430:
1320:Judeo-Malayalam
1286:
1208:
1202:
1174:
1153:
1134:
1121:
1070:
1048:
1043:
996:
991:
883:
881:Further reading
878:
877:
870:
856:
852:
845:
829:
825:
815:
813:
812:on 2 April 2019
798:
794:
789:
785:
780:
776:
770:
759:
752:
747:
697:
666:
557:
506:
449:
413:
243:
238:
179:
163:
156:
141:
136:
130:
91:
88:Language family
86:
77:
76:Native speakers
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2463:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2389:Related topics
2386:
2385:
2383:
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2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2329:Wayanad Chetti
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
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2254:
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2237:
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2017:
2011:
2009:
2008:Related topics
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1981:
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1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
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1895:
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1889:
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1861:Main languages
1858:
1857:
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1751:Sauria Paharia
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1426:Wayanad Chetti
1423:
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1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
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1369:
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1120:
1119:
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1081:
1072:
1063:
1056:
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1007:
1002:
995:
994:External links
992:
990:
989:
952:
940:10.2307/411660
934:(2): 274–299.
923:
911:10.2307/605026
905:(2): 231–233.
894:
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806:Breeks Chatter
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197:
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185:
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177:
169:
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153:
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151:Language codes
148:
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138:Writing system
135:
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120:
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92:
85:
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62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
46:
45:Native to
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2462:
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2300:
2297:
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2287:
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2277:
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2272:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2240:Mullu Kurumba
2238:
2236:
2235:Jennu Kurumba
2233:
2231:
2230:Betta Kurumba
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2084:Languages of
2079:
2074:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1978:Kota language
1976:
1974:
1973:Toda language
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1954:Mullu Kurumba
1953:
1951:Jennu Kurumba
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1852:Languages of
1847:
1842:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1790:
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1540:
1538:
1535:
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1516:South-Central
1514:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
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1488:
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1478:
1475:
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1407:
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1389:Mullu Kurumba
1387:
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1368:
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1137:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1118:
1117:Jennu Kurumba
1115:
1113:
1112:Betta Kurumba
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
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1080:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1062:Tamil–Kannada
1060:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1035:
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1028:
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1021:
1020:
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963:(1): 98–112.
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865:
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844:9788120605596
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291:
286:
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246:
233:
231:
230:Toda language
227:
226:Tamil-Kannada
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:Nilgiri hills
207:
203:
195:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
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107:
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102:
101:
99:
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93:
89:
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73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
59:Nilgiri Hills
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
26:
22:
2262:Mala Malasar
2247:Malapandaram
2199:
1977:
1807:
1794:
1787:
1729:Kurukh-Malto
1690:Parji–Gadaba
1669:Kolami-Naiki
1601:
1493:Cholanaikkan
1465:Korra Koraga
1413:
1376:
1372:Malankuravan
1292:Malayalamoid
1257:Malapandaram
1247:Mala Malasar
1149:
960:
956:
931:
927:
902:
898:
888:
859:
853:
833:
826:
814:. Retrieved
810:the original
805:
795:
786:
777:
764:
728:
406:
201:
200:
194:Kota (India)
172:
145:Tamil script
117:
38:
2309:Thachanadan
1963:Thachanadan
1470:Mudu Koraga
1443:Tulu-Koraga
1409:Thachanadan
1107:Alu Kurumba
2434:Categories
2185:Kanikkaran
1999:Saurashtra
1854:Tamil Nadu
1542:Mukha-Dora
1537:Manna-Dora
1367:Malamuthan
1352:Kanikkaran
890:Kota Texts
766:Ethnologue
745:References
417:Consonants
411:Consonants
214:Tamil Nadu
114:Tamil–Kota
104:Southern I
2269:Malavedan
2215:Kunduvadi
2165:Eravallan
2115:Malayalam
1921:Eravallan
1907:Malavedan
1883:Malayalam
1810:indicate
1618:Konda-Kui
1603:Nagarchal
1561:Gondi-Kui
1384:Malavedan
1362:Kurichiya
1357:Kunduvadi
1300:Malayalam
1237:Eravallan
1209:Malayalam
1139:Toda-Kota
1079:Kannadoid
985:123788248
609:Fricative
508:voiceless
446:Post-alv.
441:Retroflex
236:Phonology
174:Glottolog
158:ISO 639-3
96:Dravidian
65:Ethnicity
2419:Category
2350:Aranadan
2334:Yerukala
2284:Muthuvan
2252:Malaryan
2210:Kumbaran
2180:Kalanadi
2043:Category
1942:Yerukula
1939:Muthuvan
1904:Malaryan
1702:Kondekor
1524:Teluguic
1503:Kumbaran
1421:Vishavan
1378:Malaryan
1347:Kalanadi
1337:Eranadan
1282:Yerukala
1267:Muthuvan
1230:Sankethi
1217:Tamiloid
1207:Tamil -
1071:- Badaga
1069:Kannada
928:Language
816:28 March
436:Alveolar
181:kota1263
100:Southern
2370:English
2319:Ullatan
2299:Pathiya
2289:Paliyan
2257:Malasar
2220:Kurumba
2160:Bellari
2110:Konkani
2105:Kannada
1969:Pathiya
1966:Ullatan
1960:Malasar
1910:Paliyan
1878:Kannada
1808:Italics
1662:Central
1609:Pardhan
1582:Khirwar
1532:Chenchu
1498:Kakkala
1455:Bellari
1415:Ullatan
1399:Pathiya
1277:Pattapu
1272:Paliyan
1252:Malasar
1242:Kaikadi
1102:Sholaga
1087:Kannada
733:/ and /
699:lateral
668:central
662:Approx.
451:Palatal
256:Central
216:state,
110:Kannada
39:Kō mānt
2304:Ravula
2294:Paniya
2279:Muduga
2274:Mannan
2205:Kudiya
2195:Koraga
2190:Kodava
2125:Telugu
2086:Kerala
1948:Kodava
1945:Mannan
1918:Ravula
1914:Paniya
1898:Mannan
1873:Telugu
1766:Brahui
1736:Kurukh
1707:Ollari
1697:Duruwa
1676:Kolami
1592:Madiya
1552:Waddar
1547:Telugu
1486:Others
1477:Kudiya
1460:Koraga
1404:Ravula
1394:Paniya
1305:Jeseri
1262:Mannan
1191:Muduga
1165:Kodava
1158:Kodagu
1130:Badaga
1092:Holiya
983:
977:608887
975:
948:411660
946:
919:605026
917:
866:
841:
559:voiced
431:Dental
426:Labial
241:Vowels
108:Tamil–
55:Region
2355:Beary
2324:Urali
2175:Kadar
2170:Irula
2155:Allar
2120:Tamil
1957:Urali
1925:Irula
1901:Kadar
1868:Tamil
1741:Malto
1721:North
1681:Naiki
1645:Pengo
1640:Manda
1625:Konda
1597:Muria
1577:Gondi
1569:Gondi
1342:Kadar
1332:Allar
1315:Byari
1225:Tamil
1186:Irula
1179:Irula
1170:Urali
1054:South
981:S2CID
973:JSTOR
944:JSTOR
915:JSTOR
463:Nasal
456:Velar
288:short
278:short
268:short
251:Front
218:India
69:Kotas
49:India
2314:Toda
2200:Kota
2130:Tulu
1635:Kuvi
1587:Koya
1450:Tulu
1150:Kota
1145:Toda
864:ISBN
839:ISBN
818:2016
761:Kota
502:Stop
300:High
293:long
283:long
273:long
261:Back
202:Kota
118:Kota
33:Kota
1630:Kui
965:doi
936:doi
907:doi
903:120
763:at
735:d͡ʒ
731:t͡ʃ
633:Tap
594:d͡ʒ
543:t͡ʃ
378:Low
339:Mid
212:of
189:ELP
165:kfe
23:or
2436::
979:.
971:.
961:15
959:.
942:.
932:45
930:.
913:.
901:.
804:.
753:^
573:d̪
522:t̪
476:n̪
395:aː
370:oː
352:eː
331:uː
313:iː
2077:e
2070:t
2063:v
1845:e
1838:t
1831:v
1038:e
1031:t
1024:v
987:.
967::
950:.
938::
921:.
909::
872:.
847:.
820:.
739:s
717:ɭ
710:l
688:j
675:ʋ
650:ɽ
643:ɾ
619:s
601:ɡ
587:ɖ
580:d
566:b
550:k
536:ʈ
529:t
515:p
494:ŋ
485:ɳ
469:m
448:/
388:a
363:o
345:e
324:u
306:i
27:.
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