5350:, France's plan to spur investment and modernize the French economy after World War II, created an impetus for the Schuman Plan. Prewar, France had been the world's biggest importer of coal, and the Monnet Plan anticipated coal imports from Germany. In Germany, there were concerns that France aimed to import coal from Germany "as cheaply as possible" to promote French steel production. In France, the concern (which dated to the prewar period) was that coal would be available on more favourable terms to the German market and so provide an advantage to German industry. Schuman aimed to prevent coal and steel firms from acting as cartels which could restrict supply by national market. The Schuman Plan would mean the pooling of markets and the expansion of production. This was viewed as a force for peace in Europe, since the single market would make a war between France and Germany "materially impossible."
5420:
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framework of an organization open to the participation of other countries of Europe." The pooling of coal and steel production should allow for a common foundation for economic development and "will make it plain that any war between France and
Germany becomes not merely unthinkable, but materially impossible." Importantly, by pooling basic production and by instituting the new High Authority — whose decisions bind France, Germany and other member countries — "this proposal will lead to the realization of the first concrete foundation of a European federation indispensable to the preservation of peace."
503:
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The ECSC introduced a common market for steel and coal across the member countries, with freely set market prices, free movement of products, and without customs duties or taxes, subsidies, or restrictive practices. It set up a High
Authority to monitor compliance with competition rules and ensure
5388:
The
Schuman Declaration says "The coming together of the nations of Europe requires the elimination of the age-old opposition of France and Germany." The French government "proposes that Franco-German production of coal and steel as a whole be placed under a common High Authority, within the
34:
Video of an excerpt from
Schuman's speech where he says "In taking upon herself for more than 20 years the role of champion of a united Europe, France has always had as her essential aim the service of peace. A united Europe was not achieved and we had war. Europe will not be made all at once, or
5451:, Chancellor of West Germany, said "hat's our breakthrough" in regards to the Declaration. The legacy of this initiative was the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 18 April 1951 by six European countries (France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands). The Treaty established the
1446:
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Schuman promoted initiatives to unite Europe while he was the Prime
Minister of France (1947–48) and foreign minister from 1948–52. He spoke about the principles of sharing European resources in a supranational union at the signing of the
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countries. The ultimate goal was to pacify relations, especially between France and West
Germany, through gradual political integration to be achieved by creating common interests. Schuman said that "he
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The
Schuman proposal was agreed on after the French cabinet discussion on 9 May 1950. Earlier in the day, Schuman had been assured that it had the support of German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer.
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to offer production in coal and steel to the world without distinction or exception, with the aim of raising living standards and promoting international development, including in Africa.
5466:
Schuman was a proponent of further
European integration through an (ultimately unratified) European defence community. In 1958 he became the first President of the predecessor to the
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5265:... the solidarity in production thus established will make it plain that any war between France and Germany becomes not merely unthinkable, but materially impossible."
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The
Schuman Declaration marked the beginning of post-World War II Franco-German cooperation and the re-integration of West Germany into Western Europe.
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McDougall, Walter. "Political
Economy versus National Sovereignty: French Structures for German Economic Integration after Versailles."
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gives Schuman's pre-Declaration speeches and the full text of Declaration (including introduction) in English with analysis.
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aid was announced the only condition imposed was that the aid be used by the European countries in a coordinated fashion.
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according to a single plan. It will be built through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity."
5470:. When he left office, the Parliament bestowed on him the title "Father of Europe". May 9 has been designated "
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5378:, a consultant in international law to the French foreign ministry and Professor of Law at Aix-en-Provence; and
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5474:" to celebrate peace and unity in Europe because of the significance of the Schuman Declaration on 9 May 1950.
4889:
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Shore, Cris. "Inventing the 'People's Europe': Critical Approaches to European Community 'Cultural Policy.'"
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Hitchcock, William I. "France, the Western Alliance, and the Origins of the Schuman Plan, 1948–1950"
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Vernon, Raymond. "The Schuman Plan: Sovereign Powers of the European Coal and Steel Community."
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Lovett, A. W. "The United States and the Schuman Plan. a study in French diplomacy 1950–1952."
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5538:"Hegemonic Field Effects in World Politics: The United States and the Schuman Plan of 1950"
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Shore, Cris and Annabel Black. "The European Communities and the Construction of Europe."
8:
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6139:
5800:"Schuman Project, the origin, purpose and future of the supranational European Community"
5467:
5382:. (The draft documents of the Declaration were published by the Jean Monnet Foundation.)
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5770:"Statement at the signing of the Statute of the Council of Europe in London, 5 May 1949"
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The 9th may's declaration : which past for an inheritance?, on "EUROS DU VILLAGE"
5722:
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to revitalize the European economy as a whole starting with the coal and steel sectors
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World Wars, there was an inclination towards European co-operation. For example,
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2011:
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production of coal and steel under a single authority that later became the
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Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
695:
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5455:(ECSC), the first of three European Communities, and a predecessor of the
5371:
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5324:
5276:
5275:, responded positively to the Declaration, as did the governments of the
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3213:
3208:
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2735:
2241:
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1998:
1885:
381:
62:
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Birthmarks of Europe: the origins of the European Community reconsidered
5537:
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5245:
4302:
3711:
3189:
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2709:
2217:
2212:
1859:
1366:
538:
355:
5339:". The United States supported greater European cooperation, and when
5299:– Europe's first supranational community, which paved the way for the
5924:
The rule of law in European integration: The path of the Schuman Plan
4290:
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3177:
3172:
2696:
2300:
2205:
2200:
1846:
1042:
342:
5319:
split Europe between two spheres of influence on either side of the
5831:"Robert Schuman: the architect of the European integration project"
5605:"Robert Schuman: the architect of the European integration project"
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2800:
2787:
2761:
2540:
2341:
2277:
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2265:
2260:
2253:
2248:
2047:
1950:
1937:
1911:
1664:
651:
446:
433:
407:
160:
5280:
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4362:
4242:
4218:
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1447:
Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings
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2181:
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1963:
1872:
1820:
459:
368:
316:
5879:
The Schuman plan: a study in economic cooperation, 1950–1959
5323:. With the desire not to repeat the destruction seen in the
4524:
Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
5409:
agency in the coal and steel industries of member countries
1314:
Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
5973:
4576:
6073:
Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community
5291:. On 18 April 1951, the six founding members signed the
5252:
in Europe. The alliance would later be opened to other
5741:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5896:
Christian democracy and the origins of European Union
6299:
Treaty establishing the European Political Community
4841:
Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters
5728:
5700:
Jean Monnet: The First Statesman of Interdependence
6293:Treaty establishing the European Defence Community
16:1950 proposal for European industrial integration
6547:
5598:
5596:
1309:Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament
6061:Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
5828:
5663:The Reconstruction of Western Europe: 1945-1951
5489:History of the European Communities (1945–1957)
1486:European Institute of Innovation and Technology
588:Countries with suspended accession negotiations
5443:2000 stamp. 50 years of Schuman's declaration.
6305:Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
6013:
5593:
5273:Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany
5244:, on 9 May 1950 (now celebrated in the EU as
5205:
4667:
6039:(since 1993) and related political documents
5980:Video of the 9 May 1950 declaration (French)
5777:Historical Archives of the Council of Europe
5399:to make war between member states impossible
6116:Netherlands Antilles Association Convention
5725:Professor Dr. Hans Ritschl Der Spiegel 1951
3411:Political groups of the European Parliament
1482:Decentralised independent bodies of the EU
6020:
6006:
5602:
5259:coming together of the countries of Europe
5212:
5198:
4674:
4660:
6344:(European Coal and Steel Community, 1951)
5693:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5620:
5396:the birth of Europe as a political entity
1585:Publications Office of the European Union
5675:
5438:
5418:
5263:age-old opposition of France and Germany
4008:European System of Financial Supervision
1304:Internal Audit Service of the Commission
20:
5890:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7709.00090
5767:
5702:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
5697:
5665:. Taylor and Francis Group. p. 44.
5660:
5535:
5240:, made by the French foreign minister,
4514:United Kingdom–European Union relations
2439:Non Euro countries relationship to Euro
6548:
5748:"The Schuman Declaration – 9 May 1950"
5684:
5580:Official website of the European Union
5576:"The Schuman Declaration - 9 May 1950"
5250:anniversary of the end of World War II
4536:United States–European Union relations
1555:European Economic and Social Committee
6001:
5952:American Journal of International Law
5824:
5822:
5723:DER SCHUMANPLAN: DIE NEUE RUHRBEHÖRDE
5621:Churchill, Winston (17 August 1949).
5370:In drafting the Schuman Declaration,
5232:, was a proposal to place French and
4559:European Union and the United Nations
4091:Foreign relations of EU member states
5716:
5365:
4564:European Union Association Agreement
4499:Switzerland–European Union relations
3396:Elections to the European Parliament
6507:Agreement on a Unified Patent Court
4469:Kazakhstan–European Union relations
2020:Nuclear power in the European Union
1595:European Personnel Selection Office
1530:European Data Protection Supervisor
1491:European Public Prosecutor's Office
13:
6571:Declarations of the European Union
5969:EUROPA – Declaration of 9 May 1950
5846:
5819:
5745:
5542:Journal of Global Security Studies
5392:The Declaration had several aims:
4851:Common Foreign and Security Policy
4623:Convention on the Future of Europe
4554:Microstates and the European Union
4434:Australia–European Union relations
4424:Argentina–European Union relations
3372:
3368:Microstates and the European Union
2949:
2917:Non-Schengen area EU member states
2483:
2024:
657:Withdrawal from the European Union
14:
6602:
5962:
5933:28, no. 4. (Dec., 1993): 779–800.
5499:European Coal and Steel Community
5453:European Coal and Steel Community
5335:, called for the formation of a "
5297:European Coal and Steel Community
5238:European Coal and Steel Community
4784:European Coal and Steel Community
4601:European Coal and Steel Community
1565:European Union Military Committee
1550:European Committee of the Regions
1453:Decentralised agencies of the EU
1181:Member of the European Parliament
852:Abandoned treaties and agreements
6513:Single Resolution Fund Agreement
5356:Statute of the Council of Europe
5261:requires the elimination of the
5181:
4808:European Atomic Energy Community
4709:
4634:
4509:Ukraine–European Union relations
4484:Moldova–European Union relations
4464:Iceland–European Union relations
4459:Georgia–European Union relations
4429:Armenia–European Union relations
4409:
4397:
4385:
4373:
4361:
4349:
4337:
4325:
4313:
4301:
4289:
4277:
4265:
4253:
4241:
4229:
4217:
4205:
4193:
4181:
4169:
4157:
4145:
4133:
4121:
4109:
4097:
3818:
3806:
3794:
3782:
3770:
3758:
3746:
3734:
3722:
3710:
3698:
3686:
3674:
3662:
3650:
3638:
3626:
3614:
3602:
3590:
3578:
3566:
3554:
3542:
3530:
3518:
3506:
3337:
3324:
3311:
3291:
3279:
3267:
3255:
3243:
3231:
3219:
3207:
3195:
3183:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3135:
3123:
3111:
3099:
3087:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3039:
3027:
3014:
3002:
2990:
2978:
2936:
2923:
2910:Visa policy of the Schengen Area
2879:
2866:
2853:
2840:
2819:
2806:
2793:
2780:
2767:
2754:
2741:
2728:
2715:
2702:
2689:
2676:
2663:
2650:
2637:
2624:
2611:
2598:
2585:
2572:
2559:
2546:
2533:
2520:
2507:
2412:
2400:
2388:
2376:
2364:
2352:
2340:
2313:
2283:
2271:
2259:
2247:
2235:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2091:
2079:
2067:
2055:
2004:
1991:
1969:
1956:
1943:
1930:
1917:
1904:
1891:
1878:
1865:
1852:
1839:
1826:
1813:
1800:
1787:
1774:
1761:
1748:
1735:
1722:
1709:
1696:
1683:
1670:
1657:
1644:
1631:
1590:European External Action Service
1560:Political and Security Committee
1467:European Supervisory Authorities
997:
844:European Economic Area Agreement
617:
595:
573:
561:
549:
537:
525:
513:
501:
489:
465:
452:
439:
426:
413:
400:
387:
374:
361:
348:
335:
322:
309:
296:
283:
270:
257:
244:
231:
218:
205:
192:
179:
166:
153:
140:
127:
102:
6581:1950 in international relations
5870:
5840:
5810:
5792:
5783:
5768:Schuman, Robert (14 May 2013).
5761:
4504:Turkey–European Union relations
4494:Russia–European Union relations
4489:Norway–European Union relations
4479:Mexico–European Union relations
4444:Canada–European Union relations
4439:Brazil–European Union relations
3964:Passports of the European Union
2954:Schengen Area from January 2023
6269:United Kingdom (“Brexit” 2020)
6190:Renegotiation of UK membership
5940:8, no. 3. (Jun., 1992): 10–11.
5669:
5654:
5640:
5614:
5568:
5529:
5511:
5149:History of defence integration
4474:Japan–European Union relations
4449:China–European Union relations
1605:European Administrative School
1501:European Data Protection Board
1386:European Investment Bank Group
95:Politics of the European Union
1:
6465:Charter of Fundamental Rights
5910:The Journal of Modern History
5310:
4454:European Union–NATO relations
3500:Elections in EU member states
3431:Referendums related to the EU
1426:European University Institute
1420:European University Institute
647:Germany–Netherlands relations
6495:European Stability Mechanism
6376:London and Paris Conferences
5315:Following World War II, the
3991:European Banking Supervision
2029:Euratom since 1 January 2021
1476:Executive agencies of the EU
1413:European Stability Mechanism
1407:European Stability Mechanism
7:
6356:Related political documents
5888:(1997) 21#4: 603–630. DOI:
5477:
5301:European Economic Community
5248:), the day after the fifth
4796:European Economic Community
4606:European Economic Community
3996:Single Resolution Mechanism
3363:EEA National Identity cards
2900:Schengen Information System
2432:Enlargement of the eurozone
2041:Economic and Monetary Union
1497:Corporate bodies of the EU
1115:Council preparatory bodies
864:UK membership renegotiation
10:
6607:
5915:Mahant, Edelgard Elsbeth.
5698:Duchêne, François (1994).
5678:"The Marshall Plan Speech"
1579:Inter-institutional bodies
1324:Public Prosecutor's Office
1291:European Court of Auditors
1284:European Court of Auditors
1237:Court of Justice of the EU
6576:May 1950 events in Europe
6534:
6454:Schengen acquis of the EU
6355:
6314:
6285:
6256:
6210:
6203:
6182:
6096:
6089:
6082:
6053:
6044:
5919:(Gower Publishing, 2004).
5676:Marshall, George (1947).
5536:McCourt, David M (2021).
5434:
5188:European Union portal
4641:European Union portal
1244:European Court of Justice
671:Treaties and Declarations
637:Belgium–Germany relations
68:
54:
46:
41:
6586:France–Germany relations
6067:Treaty on European Union
5523:Encyclopaedia Britannica
5504:
5402:to encourage world peace
5116:Von der Leyen Commission
4831:Justice and Home Affairs
1524:Other independent bodies
969:Legislative institutions
942:College of Commissioners
922:Von der Leyen Commission
642:France–Germany relations
84:This article is part of
6501:European Fiscal Compact
6134:Second Budgetary Treaty
5991:24 January 2012 at the
5926:(Quid Pro Books, 2013).
5623:"The Council of Europe"
5429:French Foreign Ministry
5423:The speech was made at
2905:Visa Information System
2333:Other currencies in use
1124:Council Working Parties
6525:Versailles declaration
6448:Saint-Malo declaration
6442:Petersberg Declaration
6336:Western European Union
6128:First Budgetary Treaty
5954:47.2 (1953): 183–202.
5922:Scheingold, Stuart A.
5661:Milward, Alan (1987).
5444:
5431:
5157:History of enlargement
4862:Western European Union
4618:Western European Union
3986:European banking union
3922:European Single Market
3491:2024 (latest election)
3378:
3377:European Economic Area
2966:European Economic Area
2955:
2489:
2030:
1456:Single market agencies
877:Executive institutions
817:Treaties of succession
508:Bosnia and Herzegovina
36:
6537:European Union Portal
6315:Expired or terminated
6204:Changes in membership
6054:Consolidated versions
5905:39#2 (1996): 425–455.
5898:(Cambridge UP, 2007).
5829:European Commission.
5554:10.1093/jogss/ogaa035
5442:
5422:
5303:and subsequently the
4003:Capital Markets Union
3915:Free Trade Agreements
3376:
2953:
2487:
2028:
1337:European Central Bank
1298:Other auditory bodies
1278:Auditory institutions
1231:Judicial institutions
976:Legislative procedure
858:European Constitution
782:Treaties of accession
33:
6477:Seville Declarations
6374:Declarations at the
5627:WinstonChurchill.org
5463:price transparency.
4996:Hallstein Commission
4773:European Communities
4595:European Communities
4035:Enhanced cooperation
3406:European foundations
3023:(provisional member)
1572:EU/ESA Space Council
1439:Unified Patent Court
1433:Unified Patent Court
1219:National parliaments
1109:Directorates-general
74:European integration
6460:Bologna declaration
6436:Schengen Convention
6363:Schuman Declaration
6140:Single European Act
5853:European Parliament
5468:European Parliament
5226:Schuman Declaration
5144:History of the euro
5026:Mansholt Commission
5016:Malfatti Commission
4949:Treaty of Amsterdam
4929:Single European Act
4074:Ext. Action Service
4059:High Representative
4025:European Federation
3899:Policies and issues
3358:EEA Joint Committee
2488:Eurozone since 2015
1510:Joint undertakings
1134:European Parliament
915:European Commission
738:Treaty of Amsterdam
726:Single European Act
678:Schuman Declaration
632:Special territories
610:Applicant countries
482:Candidate countries
42:Schuman Declaration
6566:Politics of Europe
6489:Berlin Declaration
6430:Schengen Agreement
6418:Solemn Declaration
6382:Benelux memorandum
6369:Europe Declaration
6169:Protocol 36 (2011)
5982:European Navigator
5938:Anthropology Today
5912:51#1 (1979): 4–23.
5903:Historical Journal
5886:Diplomatic History
5877:Diebold, William.
5650:European NAvigator
5445:
5432:
5165:List of presidents
5106:Juncker Commission
5096:Barroso Commission
5046:Jenkins Commission
4820:European Community
4613:European Community
4544:Common Travel Area
4030:Multi-speed Europe
3887:Fundamental Rights
3438:European elections
3379:
2956:
2490:
2031:
1535:European Ombudsman
1012:July–December 2024
838:Schengen Agreement
750:Berlin Declaration
720:Solemn Declaration
690:Europe Declaration
37:
6543:
6542:
6519:Malta Declaration
6406:Copenhagen report
6351:
6350:
6332:Modified Brussels
6281:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6199:
6198:
6046:Founding treaties
6029:Founding treaties
5943:Schuman, Robert.
5894:Kaiser, Wolfram.
5849:"Treaty of Paris"
5647:The Zurich speech
5484:Council of Europe
5366:Aims and drafting
5337:Council of Europe
5333:Winston Churchill
5295:. It created the
5222:
5221:
5139:History of Europe
5124:
5123:
5076:Santer Commission
5066:Delors Commission
5036:Ortoli Commission
4977:
4976:
4939:Maastricht Treaty
4880:
4879:
4684:
4683:
4052:Foreign relations
1985:Associated states
1600:Anti-Fraud Office
1319:Anti-Fraud Office
1254:Advocates General
1100:Secretary-General
984:Council of the EU
952:Secretary-General
732:Maastricht Treaty
79:
78:
31:
6598:
6424:Rome Declaration
6264:Greenland (1984)
6208:
6207:
6094:
6093:
6087:
6086:
6051:
6050:
6035:(1951–1993) and
6031:of the European
6022:
6015:
6008:
5999:
5998:
5881:(Praeger, 1959).
5864:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5844:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5826:
5817:
5816:Judt (1994), 31.
5814:
5808:
5807:
5804:www.schuman.info
5796:
5790:
5787:
5781:
5780:
5774:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5743:
5726:
5720:
5714:
5713:
5695:
5682:
5681:
5673:
5667:
5666:
5658:
5652:
5644:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5603:European Union.
5600:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5533:
5527:
5526:
5515:
5405:to form an anti-
5214:
5207:
5200:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5170:List of founders
5086:Prodi Commission
5056:Thorn Commission
4992:
4991:
4969:Treaty of Lisbon
4895:
4894:
4769:
4768:
4713:
4686:
4685:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4414:
4413:
4402:
4401:
4390:
4389:
4378:
4377:
4366:
4365:
4354:
4353:
4342:
4341:
4330:
4329:
4318:
4317:
4306:
4305:
4294:
4293:
4282:
4281:
4270:
4269:
4258:
4257:
4246:
4245:
4234:
4233:
4222:
4221:
4210:
4209:
4198:
4197:
4186:
4185:
4174:
4173:
4162:
4161:
4150:
4149:
4138:
4137:
4126:
4125:
4114:
4113:
4102:
4101:
4020:Supranationalism
3927:Area of FS&J
3823:
3822:
3811:
3810:
3799:
3798:
3787:
3786:
3775:
3774:
3763:
3762:
3751:
3750:
3739:
3738:
3727:
3726:
3715:
3714:
3703:
3702:
3691:
3690:
3679:
3678:
3667:
3666:
3655:
3654:
3643:
3642:
3631:
3630:
3619:
3618:
3607:
3606:
3595:
3594:
3583:
3582:
3571:
3570:
3559:
3558:
3547:
3546:
3535:
3534:
3523:
3522:
3511:
3510:
3401:European parties
3342:
3341:
3340:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3296:
3295:
3284:
3283:
3272:
3271:
3260:
3259:
3248:
3247:
3236:
3235:
3224:
3223:
3212:
3211:
3200:
3199:
3188:
3187:
3176:
3175:
3164:
3163:
3152:
3151:
3140:
3139:
3128:
3127:
3116:
3115:
3104:
3103:
3092:
3091:
3080:
3079:
3068:
3067:
3056:
3055:
3044:
3043:
3032:
3031:
3019:
3018:
3007:
3006:
2995:
2994:
2983:
2982:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2417:
2416:
2405:
2404:
2393:
2392:
2383:Hungarian forint
2381:
2380:
2369:
2368:
2357:
2356:
2345:
2344:
2318:
2317:
2288:
2287:
2276:
2275:
2264:
2263:
2252:
2251:
2240:
2239:
2228:
2227:
2216:
2215:
2204:
2203:
2192:
2191:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2155:
2144:
2143:
2132:
2131:
2120:
2119:
2108:
2107:
2096:
2095:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2071:
2060:
2059:
2048:Eurozone members
2009:
2008:
2007:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1479:Euratom agencies
1104:Thérèse Blanchet
1002:
1001:
905:List of meetings
883:European Council
756:Treaty of Lisbon
622:
621:
600:
599:
578:
577:
566:
565:
554:
553:
542:
541:
530:
529:
518:
517:
506:
505:
494:
493:
470:
469:
468:
457:
456:
455:
444:
443:
442:
431:
430:
429:
418:
417:
416:
405:
404:
403:
392:
391:
390:
379:
378:
377:
366:
365:
364:
353:
352:
351:
340:
339:
338:
327:
326:
325:
314:
313:
312:
301:
300:
299:
288:
287:
286:
275:
274:
273:
262:
261:
260:
249:
248:
247:
236:
235:
234:
223:
222:
221:
210:
209:
208:
197:
196:
195:
184:
183:
182:
171:
170:
169:
158:
157:
156:
145:
144:
143:
132:
131:
130:
106:
81:
80:
39:
38:
32:
6606:
6605:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6595:
6546:
6545:
6544:
6539:
6530:
6483:Prüm Convention
6400:Davignon report
6347:
6310:
6273:
6252:
6195:
6178:
6078:
6040:
6026:
5993:Wayback Machine
5974:Schuman Project
5965:
5960:
5873:
5868:
5867:
5857:
5855:
5845:
5841:
5833:
5827:
5820:
5815:
5811:
5798:
5797:
5793:
5788:
5784:
5772:
5766:
5762:
5752:
5750:
5744:
5729:
5721:
5717:
5710:
5696:
5685:
5674:
5670:
5659:
5655:
5645:
5641:
5631:
5629:
5619:
5615:
5607:
5601:
5594:
5584:
5582:
5574:
5573:
5569:
5534:
5530:
5517:
5516:
5512:
5507:
5480:
5449:Konrad Adenauer
5437:
5374:had input from
5368:
5313:
5293:Treaty of Paris
5269:Konrad Adenauer
5218:
5182:
5180:
5175:
5174:
5161:
5134:
5126:
5125:
4989:
4979:
4978:
4899:Treaty of Paris
4892:
4882:
4881:
4766:
4758:
4757:
4723:
4702:
4695:
4680:
4651:
4647:Other countries
4635:
4633:
4628:
4627:
4590:
4582:
4581:
4568:
4540:
4420:
4408:
4396:
4384:
4372:
4360:
4348:
4336:
4324:
4312:
4300:
4288:
4276:
4264:
4252:
4240:
4228:
4216:
4204:
4192:
4180:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4120:
4108:
4096:
4093:
4088:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4044:
4043:
3974:Pro-Europeanism
3900:
3892:
3891:
3840:
3830:
3829:
3817:
3805:
3793:
3781:
3769:
3757:
3745:
3733:
3721:
3709:
3697:
3685:
3673:
3661:
3649:
3637:
3625:
3613:
3601:
3589:
3577:
3565:
3553:
3541:
3529:
3517:
3505:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3440:
3435:
3416:Spitzenkandidat
3391:
3381:
3380:
3354:
3349:
3338:
3336:
3325:
3323:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3302:
3290:
3278:
3266:
3254:
3242:
3230:
3218:
3206:
3194:
3182:
3170:
3158:
3146:
3134:
3122:
3110:
3098:
3086:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3038:
3026:
3013:
3001:
2989:
2977:
2974:
2968:
2958:
2957:
2937:
2935:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2914:
2895:Prüm Convention
2891:
2880:
2878:
2867:
2865:
2854:
2852:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2820:
2818:
2807:
2805:
2794:
2792:
2781:
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2016:
2005:
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1992:
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5963:External links
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5519:"Schuman Plan"
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5494:Robert Schuman
5491:
5486:
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5476:
5457:European Union
5436:
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5427:, home of the
5417:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5380:Etienne Hirsch
5367:
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5362:, 5 May 1949.
5312:
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5305:European Union
5242:Robert Schuman
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4813:(1958–present)
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4728:Pre-1948 ideas
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4703:European Union
4701:History of the
4697:
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4164:Czech Republic
4154:
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4089:
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4084:Defence Policy
4081:
4079:Foreign Policy
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3979:Euroscepticism
3976:
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3882:Recommendation
3879:
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3421:Constituencies
3418:
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3383:
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3305:Non-EU members
3303:
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3276:
3264:
3252:
3240:
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3216:
3204:
3192:
3180:
3168:
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3144:
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3046:Czech Republic
3036:
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3011:
2999:
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2790:
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2764:
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2712:
2699:
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2673:
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2100:
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2064:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2014:
2012:United Kingdom
2001:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1966:
1953:
1940:
1927:
1914:
1901:
1888:
1875:
1862:
1849:
1836:
1823:
1810:
1797:
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1704:Czech Republic
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1359:
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1340:
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1020:Configurations
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832:Other treaties
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744:Treaty of Nice
741:
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708:Euratom Treaty
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702:Treaty of Rome
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371:
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345:
332:
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306:
293:
280:
267:
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241:
228:
215:
202:
200:Czech Republic
189:
176:
163:
150:
137:
123:
122:
116:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:
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77:
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70:
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59:Robert Schuman
56:
52:
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48:
44:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6603:
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6412:London report
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6380:
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6364:
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6340:
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6326:Western Union
6323:
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5987:
5984:
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5978:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5947:(Paris 1963).
5946:
5945:Pour l'Europe
5942:
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5907:
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5789:Rieben (2000)
5786:
5778:
5771:
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5732:
5724:
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5711:
5709:0-393-03497-6
5705:
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5694:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5680:. Wikisource.
5679:
5672:
5664:
5657:
5651:
5648:
5643:
5628:
5624:
5617:
5606:
5599:
5597:
5581:
5577:
5571:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5532:
5525:. 2 May 2021.
5524:
5520:
5514:
5510:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
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5475:
5473:
5469:
5464:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5441:
5430:
5426:
5421:
5414:
5411:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5351:
5349:
5344:
5342:
5341:Marshall Plan
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5215:
5210:
5208:
5203:
5201:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5189:
5179:
5178:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4982:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4920:
4919:Merger Treaty
4917:
4916:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4885:
4875:
4873:
4872:Western Union
4870:
4869:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4780:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4762:
4761:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4687:
4677:
4672:
4670:
4665:
4663:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4632:
4631:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4066:Josep Borrell
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4053:
4048:
4047:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3910:Customs Union
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3854:ECJ Case 6/64
3851:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3426:Apportionment
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3346:
3335:
3333:
3332:Liechtenstein
3322:
3320:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2952:
2945:
2934:
2932:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2877:
2875:
2864:
2862:
2861:Liechtenstein
2851:
2849:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2828:
2817:
2815:
2804:
2802:
2791:
2789:
2778:
2776:
2765:
2763:
2752:
2750:
2739:
2737:
2726:
2724:
2713:
2711:
2700:
2698:
2687:
2685:
2674:
2672:
2661:
2659:
2648:
2646:
2635:
2633:
2622:
2620:
2609:
2607:
2596:
2594:
2583:
2581:
2570:
2568:
2557:
2555:
2544:
2542:
2531:
2529:
2518:
2516:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2500:Schengen Area
2496:
2495:
2486:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2419:Swedish krona
2415:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2347:Bulgarian lev
2343:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2328:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2002:
2000:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1967:
1965:
1954:
1952:
1941:
1939:
1928:
1926:
1915:
1913:
1902:
1900:
1889:
1887:
1876:
1874:
1863:
1861:
1850:
1848:
1837:
1835:
1824:
1822:
1811:
1809:
1798:
1796:
1785:
1783:
1772:
1770:
1759:
1757:
1746:
1744:
1733:
1731:
1720:
1718:
1707:
1705:
1694:
1692:
1681:
1679:
1668:
1666:
1655:
1653:
1642:
1640:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1462:AFSC agencies
1461:
1459:CFSP agencies
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1401:EIB Institute
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1378:
1377:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1266:General Court
1264:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1175:Iratxe García
1172:
1169:
1166:
1165:Manfred Weber
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1000:
993:
992:
986:
985:
977:
974:
973:
970:
965:
964:
957:
953:
950:
948:
947:Civil Service
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
932:
931:Von der Leyen
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
917:
916:
906:
903:
901:
898:
897:
895:
891:
888:
887:
885:
884:
874:
873:
865:
862:
859:
856:
855:
853:
845:
842:
839:
836:
835:
833:
827:
823:
818:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
783:
777:
768:
765:
763:
760:
759:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
714:Merger Treaty
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
675:
672:
667:
666:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
625:
620:
615:
614:
612:
611:
603:
598:
593:
592:
590:
589:
581:
576:
571:
569:
564:
559:
557:
552:
547:
545:
540:
535:
533:
528:
523:
521:
516:
511:
509:
504:
499:
497:
492:
487:
486:
484:
483:
474:
463:
461:
450:
448:
437:
435:
424:
422:
411:
409:
398:
396:
385:
383:
372:
370:
359:
357:
346:
344:
333:
331:
320:
318:
307:
305:
294:
292:
281:
279:
268:
266:
255:
253:
242:
240:
229:
227:
216:
214:
203:
201:
190:
188:
177:
175:
164:
162:
151:
149:
138:
136:
125:
124:
119:
118:Member states
114:
113:
110:
109:
105:
101:
100:
96:
92:
91:
87:
83:
82:
75:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
19:
6394:Fouchet Plan
6388:Spaak Report
6362:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5885:
5878:
5871:Bibliography
5856:. Retrieved
5852:
5842:
5812:
5803:
5794:
5785:
5776:
5763:
5751:. Retrieved
5718:
5699:
5671:
5662:
5656:
5642:
5630:. Retrieved
5626:
5616:
5583:. Retrieved
5579:
5570:
5545:
5541:
5531:
5522:
5513:
5465:
5461:
5446:
5425:Quai d'Orsay
5391:
5387:
5384:
5369:
5352:
5345:
5321:Iron Curtain
5314:
5271:, the first
5267:
5230:Schuman Plan
5229:
5225:
5223:
4818:
4806:
4794:
4782:
4765:Organisation
4753:2004–present
4597:(1958–1993)
4090:
4057:
3937:Agricultural
3860:Subsidiarity
3499:
3437:
3351:
3304:
2971:
2916:
2833:
2438:
2407:Romanian leu
2395:Polish złoty
2371:Danish krone
2359:Czech koruna
2331:
2326:
2307:
2299:
2294:
2046:
1984:
1623:
1578:
1541:
1523:
1445:
1432:
1419:
1406:
1385:
1381:Other bodies
1297:
1282:
1235:
1217:
1132:
1019:
1004:
989:
982:
913:
881:
851:
831:
816:
781:
696:Spaak Report
677:
608:
586:
480:
18:
6591:Jean Monnet
6173:Article 136
6033:Communities
5585:19 December
5376:Paul Reuter
5372:Jean Monnet
5348:Monnet Plan
5277:Netherlands
5234:West German
4987:Commissions
4876:(1948–1954)
4866:(1954–2011)
4856:(1993–2009)
4845:(2003–2009)
4835:(1993–2003)
4825:(1993–2009)
4801:(1958–1993)
4789:(1952–2002)
4777:(1958–2009)
4332:Netherlands
4015:Integration
3959:Citizenship
3741:Netherlands
3214:Netherlands
2972:EEA members
2887:Switzerland
2736:Netherlands
2242:Netherlands
1999:Switzerland
1886:Netherlands
1190:(2019–2024)
1188:9th session
1095:Secretariat
866:(2015–2016)
382:Netherlands
72:To propose
63:Jean Monnet
6550:Categories
6286:Unratified
6183:Unratified
6146:Maastricht
6083:Amendments
5472:Europe Day
5311:Background
5289:Luxembourg
5246:Europe Day
4308:Luxembourg
3867:Regulation
3717:Luxembourg
3190:Luxembourg
2710:Luxembourg
2218:Luxembourg
1860:Luxembourg
1471:SRM bodies
1367:Euro coins
1211:Conference
991:Presidency
767:Article 50
544:Montenegro
356:Luxembourg
50:9 May 1950
6257:Secession
6211:Accession
6152:Amsterdam
5610:. EUROPA.
5562:2057-3170
4748:1993–2004
4743:1973–1993
4738:1958–1972
4733:1948–1957
4296:Lithuania
3947:Fisheries
3933:Policies
3872:Directive
3705:Lithuania
3389:Elections
3178:Lithuania
2946:(Opt-out)
2697:Lithuania
2308:President
2301:Eurogroup
2206:Lithuania
1847:Lithuania
1513:of the EU
1344:President
1147:President
1043:Eurogroup
956:Juhansone
927:President
890:President
762:Article 7
343:Lithuania
55:Author(s)
47:Presented
6322:Brussels
6097:In force
5989:Archived
5956:in JSTOR
5847:EUROPA.
5746:EUROPA.
5478:See also
5317:Cold War
5254:European
4890:Treaties
4721:Timeline
4692:a series
4690:Part of
4392:Slovenia
4380:Slovakia
4356:Portugal
4128:Bulgaria
3969:Identity
3952:Regional
3877:Decision
3801:Slovenia
3789:Slovakia
3765:Portugal
3537:Bulgaria
3274:Slovenia
3262:Slovakia
3238:Portugal
3009:Bulgaria
2801:Slovenia
2788:Slovakia
2762:Portugal
2541:Bulgaria
2447:Bulgaria
2278:Slovenia
2266:Slovakia
2254:Portugal
1951:Slovenia
1938:Slovakia
1912:Portugal
1665:Bulgaria
1204:Quaestor
1050:AGRIFISH
776:Opt-outs
447:Slovenia
434:Slovakia
408:Portugal
161:Bulgaria
86:a series
6338:, 1954)
6328:, 1948)
6090:General
5281:Belgium
4548:Ireland
4518:History
4368:Romania
4260:Ireland
4248:Hungary
4224:Germany
4200:Finland
4188:Estonia
4176:Denmark
4140:Croatia
4116:Belgium
4104:Austria
3850:Primacy
3777:Romania
3669:Ireland
3657:Hungary
3633:Germany
3609:Finland
3597:Estonia
3585:Denmark
3549:Croatia
3525:Belgium
3513:Austria
3319:Iceland
3250:Romania
3142:Ireland
3130:Hungary
3106:Germany
3082:Finland
3070:Estonia
3058:Denmark
3021:Croatia
2997:Belgium
2985:Austria
2944:Ireland
2848:Iceland
2775:Romania
2658:Hungary
2632:Germany
2606:Finland
2593:Estonia
2580:Denmark
2554:Croatia
2528:Belgium
2515:Austria
2477:Romania
2462:Hungary
2457:Denmark
2452:Czechia
2170:Ireland
2146:Germany
2122:Finland
2110:Estonia
2086:Croatia
2074:Belgium
2062:Austria
1925:Romania
1808:Ireland
1795:Hungary
1769:Germany
1743:Finland
1730:Estonia
1717:Denmark
1678:Croatia
1652:Belgium
1639:Austria
1618:Euratom
1347:Lagarde
1259:Rulings
1249:Members
1171:S&D
1151:Metsola
1140:Members
1119:COREPER
1005:Hungary
900:Parties
896:(ALDE)
758:(2007)
580:Ukraine
532:Moldova
520:Georgia
496:Albania
421:Romania
304:Ireland
291:Hungary
265:Germany
239:Finland
226:Estonia
213:Denmark
174:Croatia
148:Belgium
135:Austria
69:Purpose
6527:(2022)
6521:(2017)
6515:(2014)
6509:(2013)
6503:(2012)
6497:(2012)
6491:(2007)
6485:(2005)
6479:(2002)
6473:(2002)
6467:(2000)
6456:(1999)
6450:(1998)
6444:(1992)
6438:(1990)
6432:(1985)
6426:(1984)
6420:(1983)
6414:(1981)
6408:(1973)
6402:(1970)
6396:(1961)
6390:(1956)
6384:(1955)
6378:(1954)
6371:(1951)
6365:(1950)
6307:(2004)
6301:(1952)
6295:(1952)
6192:(2016)
6175:(2011)
6166:(2007)
6164:Lisbon
6160:(2001)
6154:(1997)
6148:(1992)
6142:(1986)
6136:(1975)
6130:(1970)
6124:(1965)
6122:Merger
6118:(1962)
6112:(1957)
6106:(1954)
6075:(1957)
6069:(1992)
6063:(1957)
5858:31 May
5753:21 May
5706:
5632:27 May
5560:
5435:Legacy
5407:cartel
5360:London
5329:Second
5287:, and
5133:Topics
4853:pillar
4694:on the
4529:Brexit
4416:Sweden
4344:Poland
4284:Latvia
4236:Greece
4212:France
4152:Cyprus
3942:Energy
3905:Budget
3845:Acquis
3825:Sweden
3753:Poland
3693:Latvia
3645:Greece
3621:France
3561:Cyprus
3352:Topics
3345:Norway
3343:
3330:
3317:
3298:Sweden
3226:Poland
3166:Latvia
3118:Greece
3094:France
3034:Cyprus
2942:
2931:Cyprus
2929:
2885:
2874:Norway
2872:
2859:
2846:
2827:Sweden
2825:
2812:
2799:
2786:
2773:
2760:
2749:Poland
2747:
2734:
2721:
2708:
2695:
2684:Latvia
2682:
2669:
2656:
2645:Greece
2643:
2630:
2619:France
2617:
2604:
2591:
2578:
2565:
2552:
2539:
2526:
2513:
2472:Sweden
2467:Poland
2427:ERM II
2194:Latvia
2158:Greece
2134:France
2098:Cyprus
2010:
1997:
1977:Sweden
1975:
1962:
1949:
1936:
1923:
1910:
1899:Poland
1897:
1884:
1871:
1858:
1845:
1834:Latvia
1832:
1819:
1806:
1793:
1782:Greece
1780:
1767:
1756:France
1754:
1741:
1728:
1715:
1702:
1691:Cyprus
1689:
1676:
1663:
1650:
1637:
1194:Bureau
1090:Voting
1060:COMPET
1038:ECOFIN
894:Michel
860:(2004)
846:(1992)
840:(1985)
752:(2007)
746:(2001)
740:(1997)
734:(1992)
728:(1986)
722:(1983)
716:(1965)
710:(1957)
704:(1957)
698:(1956)
692:(1951)
686:(1951)
680:(1950)
624:Kosovo
602:Turkey
568:Serbia
473:Sweden
471:
458:
445:
432:
419:
406:
395:Poland
393:
380:
367:
354:
341:
330:Latvia
328:
315:
302:
289:
278:Greece
276:
263:
252:France
250:
237:
224:
211:
198:
187:Cyprus
185:
172:
159:
146:
133:
6342:Paris
6104:Paris
6037:Union
5834:(PDF)
5773:(PDF)
5608:(PDF)
5548:(3).
5505:Notes
5325:First
5285:Italy
5228:, or
4404:Spain
4320:Malta
4272:Italy
3813:Spain
3729:Malta
3681:Italy
3286:Spain
3202:Malta
3154:Italy
2814:Spain
2723:Malta
2671:Italy
2290:Spain
2230:Malta
2182:Italy
1964:Spain
1873:Malta
1821:Italy
1465:ESFS
1055:EPSCO
933:(EPP)
460:Spain
369:Malta
317:Italy
6248:2011
6243:2005
6238:2003
6233:1994
6228:1985
6223:1979
6218:1972
6158:Nice
6110:Rome
5860:2021
5755:2021
5704:ISBN
5634:2021
5587:2020
5558:ISSN
5346:The
5327:and
5224:The
5120:2019
5110:2014
5100:2004
5090:1999
5080:1994
5070:1985
5060:1981
5050:1977
5040:1973
5030:1972
5020:1970
5010:1967
5000:1958
4973:2007
4963:2001
4953:1997
4943:1992
4933:1986
4923:1965
4913:1957
4903:1951
3486:2019
3481:2014
3476:2009
3471:2004
3466:1999
3461:1994
3456:1989
3451:1984
3446:1979
1352:ESCB
1070:ENVI
826:2020
822:1984
811:2011
807:2005
803:2003
799:1994
795:1985
791:1979
787:1972
652:EU 3
120:(27)
5931:Man
5550:doi
5358:in
4577:G20
3838:Law
1357:EMU
1161:EPP
1080:EYC
1075:JHA
1065:TTE
1033:FAC
1028:GAC
6552::
5851:.
5821:^
5802:.
5775:.
5730:^
5686:^
5625:.
5595:^
5578:.
5556:.
5544:.
5540:.
5521:.
5459:.
5307:.
5283:,
5279:,
4572:G7
4520:)
1149::
1102::
1014:)
954::
929::
892::
824:,
809:,
805:,
801:,
797:,
793:,
789:,
88:on
61:,
6334:(
6324:(
6021:e
6014:t
6007:v
5862:.
5836:.
5806:.
5779:.
5757:.
5712:.
5636:.
5589:.
5564:.
5552::
5546:6
5213:e
5206:t
5199:v
4675:e
4668:t
4661:v
4550:)
4546:(
4516:(
3856:)
3852:(
1177:)
1173:(
1167:)
1163:(
1142:)
1138:(
1010:(
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