4521:
inexplicable unsuccess, as it seemed to many – was followed by equally baseless criticism and complaint. The truth is, that when
Brussilov and Sarrail had once failed to achieve their purpose, her chances of victory were gone. She had attempted a strategic problem which only a wild freak of fortune could have permitted her to solve. Her numbers from the start were too small, too indifferently trained, and too weakly supplied with guns. Nevertheless, once she stood with her back to the wall, this little people, inexpert in war, made a stalwart resistance. Let justice be done to the fortitude of the Rumanian retreat. Her generals were quick to grasp the elements of danger, and by their defence of the central passes prevented the swift and utter disaster of which her enemies dreamed. After months of fighting, during which his armies lost heavily, Falkenhayn gained Wallachia and the capital; but the plunder was not a tithe of what he had hoped for. The Rumanian expedition was, let it be remembered, a foraging expedition in part of its purpose, and the provender secured was small. The ten weeks of the retreat were marked by conspicuous instances of Rumanian quality in the field, and the battles of Hermannstadt and the Striu valley, the defence of the Predeal, Torzburg, and Rotherthurm Passes, the first battle of Targu Jiu, and
3045:"Cloșca" and "Crișan". The education given to the volunteers enrolled in the new units, emphasized the development of the Romanian national consciousness and the love for their country, which was to be Romania, a country that many knew only through the hostile propaganda of Austria-Hungary. Also, this education aimed to eliminate the distrust in the new Italian ally, as well as the difficulties of communication with other soldiers from the other Romanian historical regions. The only language used in military service was Romanian. Officers of Romanian origin had a complex training program, which included, among other things, the study of the Italian language. The equipment and endowment of the constituted units and subunits was made with Italian military equipment. The enlisted POWs received the corresponding rank in the Italian Royal Army. The sedentary part of the Romanian Legion, under the command of Colonel Camillo Ferraioli, was established at
835:
729:
498:
10881:
271:
4589:
3292:, but had to withdraw under the pressure of the enemy forces. Mackensen's success was favoured by the failure of the Allies to fulfill the obligation they had assumed through the military convention, by virtue of which they had to mount an offensive on the Macedonian front and the conditions in which the Russians deployed insufficient troops on the battlefront in the south-east of Romania. These factors meant that the Romanian forces became too strained to put up effective resistance against the enemy advance. Romania had to fight on two 1,600 km-long battlefronts, the longest front in Europe, with a varied configuration and diverse geographical elements (by comparison, the Russian front, stretching from the
3428:
921:
572:
4153:
3304:
2632:
912:
793:
784:
561:
374:
10773:
4231:
3938:. The re-organization pursued the reduction of the effectives of the "Operations Army" to parameters that suited the country's resources for waging a long campaign. The infantry divisions were ensured identical structure to make replacements and maneuvers easier on the battlefront and to have a fire power comparable with that of the enemy. The army corps became only a command body for tactical coordination. The cavalry divisions received more machine guns. The artillery material underwent a homogenization process, with two regiments (one cannon, the other howitzer) for each division, while the heavy artillery was organized as a distinct group.
199:
1000:
740:
894:
766:
539:
352:
340:
328:
932:
583:
173:
4494:
3488:
3866:
this period, they failed to achieve their fundamental political and strategic goal to defeat
Romania and knock it out of the war. Despite heavy casualties, some 250,000 men (almost one third of the manpower mobilized in August 1916) compared to 105,000 Central Power casualties (including 60,000 Germans), and losses of combat material, the Romanian army was still a force taken into consideration by allies and enemies alike and capable of offering resistance to further attacks. Part of the population moved to the free territory, together with the Romanian government, royal court and public authorities, which relocated to
10957:
885:
759:
528:
517:
317:
305:
293:
985:
826:
718:
487:
160:
10845:
253:
3037:
increased significantly, who have developed a good reputation and a good image among the civilian
Italian population. The ease with which Italian citizens were able to communicate with the Romanians in relation to Germans and Hungarians, as well as their spirit of sacrifice associated with the demonstration of being good workers, led to the respect of the Italian civilians towards Romanians. This went to the point where Italian civil solidarity and assistance committees were spontaneously created, reserved for Romanian citizens and their families left in the homeland.
4406:
3911:
branches to rebuild the evacuated factories and workshops, increase the production destined for the national defense and the productivity yielded by the exploitation of the few petroleum and coal resources in the free zones. Agriculture received special attention to help meet basic nutritional needs and ensure a minimal living standard to the population in the free part of the country, and also to assist the refugees who had left their houses in front of the enemy invasion, the
Romanian army and the Russian troops (who numbered about one million by early 1917).
54:
3087:
4601:
3733:
4422:
10927:
3879:
3539:
2760:
responded with a declaration of war on
Romania the next day (28 August). The dates of the Bulgarian and Ottoman declarations of war are disputed. Ian Beckett says that Bulgaria did not issue a declaration of war prior to its attack of 31 August. Other sources place the declaration on 30 August or 1 September. The Ottoman declaration took place either on 29 August, 30 August or 1 September. Within two days of her own declaration, according to one source, Romania found herself at war with all the Central Powers.
7958:
4450:
10906:
4470:
2764:
4246:
3930:(Army Group Prezan) were reshuffled inland, the Romanian Second Army, which had preserved its combat structures and force to a great extent, remained on the front in southern Moldavia, where, alongside Russian forces, it checked the enemy advance. The reorganization was initiated by King Ferdinand and the Romanian government. It was carried on under their leadership and control in the free national territory, in spite of Russian attempts to shift the Romanian army beyond the
11208:
10993:
10981:
10969:
10949:
903:
775:
550:
363:
3999:, which supervised the process and helped retrain Romanian troops. In early June 1917, the Romanian army's strength grew to about 700,000 men, organized in 207 infantry battalions plus 60 march battalions, 110 cavalry squadrons and 245 artillery batteries, divided among two armies and five corps. The results obtained in terms of re-organization and recovery impressed public opinion both at home and abroad and were to be confirmed in the great battles of the ensuing months.
4577:
4565:
3887:
4553:
4390:
4434:
3554:
949:
848:
808:
696:
685:
661:
649:
441:
430:
419:
408:
397:
386:
3484:, who was to enter the consciousness of all Romanians as the "Heroine of the Jiu". The operation for the defense of the Carpathians holds a prominent place in Romanian military history not only because it was one of the most difficult operations waged by the Romanian army until then, but also because it was one of the most important as regards the complexity of the actions carried on and the highly valuable lessons derived from their evolution.
11108:
10791:
7863:
186:
2778:
2880:
3424:, in the north of the country, retreated without much pressure from the Austro-Hungarian troops, so that by 25 October the Romanian army was back to its initial positions. The Central Powers succeeded in taking the strategic initiative in Transylvania by concentrating significant military forces rapidly brought in from the other theatres of operations in Europe and exploiting a quick shift of Romanian units to the battlefront in Dobruja.
11154:
214:
11328:
4176:
3025:
966:
857:
817:
596:
4064:
2832:
resources of a country which had scarcely one twentieth of the population of the two great states. Judging by the military situation, it was to be expected that
Rumania had only to advance where she wished to decide the world war in favor of those Powers which had been hurling themselves at us in vain for years. Thus everything seemed to depend on whether Rumania was ready to make any sort of use of her momentary advantage.
11179:
707:
673:
637:
621:
609:
475:
463:
452:
239:
227:
7815:
4168:
the
Romanian Command completely took over the command of the battle from the Russians. The confrontation reached its climax on 19 August, with the result that enemy's attempts to advance were completely thwarted. The third stage (20 August – 3 September) actually saw the last German attempt at least to improve their positions in view of a new offensive, this one also confounded by the Romanian response.
2728:
2342:
3522:, which included the 6th and 7th cavalry divisions. The German reserves consisted of the 115th infantry division and two brigades of cyclists. The total manpower of the Army Group amounted to 80,000 troops with 30,000 horses. The Romanian forces could not withstand the new German attack which started on 1 November 1916. The Romanians retreated and on 21 November 1916 the German cavalry entered
4292:
purposes and blocked any shipments intended for civilians back in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The result was that the officers lived well, as the civilians began to starve. Vienna even transferred training units to Serbia and Poland for the sole purpose of feeding them. In all, the Army obtained about 15 percent of its cereal needs from occupied territories.
2896:
whom up to 150,000 were killed in action. Approximately 16% of the pre-war Austro-Hungarian population consisted of ethnic
Romanians. Although most Transylvanian Romanians were loyal to the Empire, over time, their loyalty faded as the war progressed, especially after Romania joined the war. According to studies made by the army of the
3919:. The political life in unoccupied territory adopted a fundamental goal to achieve national consensus to find the means to conclude a successful liberation war. Within this framework, debates on some laws envisaging structural transformations (primarily the agrarian reform to re-allocate land to peasants and the introduction of
4109:
planned for the Focșani-Nămoloasa region. After the Mărăști operation had been discontinued, the
Central Powers tried to implement their offensive plan in the summer of 1917. They pursued to encircle and smash the Romanian and Russian forces through a blow dealt to the northwest in the direction of Focșani, Mărășești and
4105:. This marked the end of the Battle of Mărăști. It inflicted important losses upon the Austro-Hungarians and Germans, who relinquished a 35 km-wide and 20 km-deep area and sustained heavy casualties and losses in combat resources. The offensive potential of the Romanian army was confirmed through this victory.
2927:, where with Russian support the Romanian army managed to defeat an offensive by the Central Powers and even take back some territory. Romanian ethnics serving in the Austro-Hungarian forces were informed by the Allied aviation by launching leaflets on their positions, on the creation and existence of the
4545:
did not meet the expectation of
Romania's "guaranteed security" from Bulgaria. This proved to be a critical strain on Romania's ability to wage a successful offensive in Transylvania, as it needed to divert troops south to the defense of Dobruja. Furthermore, Russian reinforcements in Romania did not
4100:
decided unilaterally to stall any offensive as a result of the grave situation created on the front in Galicia and Bukovina following the failure of the Kerensky Offensive and the counter-attack of the Central Powers, the Romanian General Headquarters saw itself compelled to discontinue the offensive
4022:
Aware of the complex strategic situation, the Romanian Command lent its military policy a clear, realistic orientation of committing the entire population to battle, trying to act efficiently in keeping with the national goals and in harmony with the large-scale operations worked out at the coalition
4013:
capsized in rough seas off the mouth of the Danube with the loss of 18 of her crew, including 3 French naval officers present on board. This incident has been incorrectly attributed to Ottoman mines in several English language sources, possibly as a result of wartime propaganda by the Central Powers.
3865:
Romania entered the war at a time of strong crisis for the Entente, drawing upon itself numerous enemy forces, fighting on a very long battlefront and having to change its initial campaign plan permanently. But in spite of the human, material and military efforts made by the Central Powers throughout
3117:
For us the mountains and plains of Bukowina, where Stephen the Great has slept for centuries. In our moral energy and our valour lie the means of giving him back his birthright of a great and free Rumania from the Tisza to the Black Sea, and to prosper in peace in accordance with our customs and our
4167:
had three distinct stages. During the first stage (6–12 August), the troops of the Romanian First Army, together with Russian forces, managed to arrest the enemy advance and forced the Germans to change the direction of their attack toward the northwest gradually. In the second stage (13–19 August),
3941:
The re-organization also involved the other troops (combat engineers, air force, navy) and services, which underwent notable improvements. The directions, organization and methodology of the training of the command staff and the troops were considerably improved and special training centers were set
3796:
river, which had originally been fortified against the Russians and was facing the wrong direction, but nevertheless would end up proving invaluable, protected as it was by the impassable Danube Delta to the southeast and a flank in the Carpathians in the northwest. Fierce fighting took place in the
3762:
to lead it. The plan envisaged the checking of the advance of the German Ninth Army from the north and north-west, as well as the encirclement and annihilation of the German-Bulgarian-Turkish units deployed south-east of Bucharest. It was a bold undertaking, using the entire reserves of the Romanian
3749:
On 23 November, Mackensen's best troops crossed the Danube at two locations near Svishtov. This attack caught the Romanians by surprise and Mackensen's army was able to advance rapidly towards Bucharest against very weak resistance. Mackensen's attack threatened to cut off half the Romanian army. In
3208:
were reached. In areas populated with Romanians, the Romanian troops were warmly welcomed, and the locals provided them considerable assistance in terms of provisions, billeting and guiding. However, the rapid Romanian advance alarmed the Central Powers, and within weeks sizable reinforcements began
3124:
Animated by the holy duty imposed upon us, and determined to bear manfully all the sacrifices inseparable from an arduous war, we will march into battle with the irresistible élan of a people firmly confident in its destiny. The glorious fruits of victory shall be our reward. Forward, with the help
2674:
In return for entering the war on Allied side, Romania demanded support for its territorial claims to parts of Hungarian Transylvania, and especially those parts with a Romanian-speaking majority. The Romanians' greatest concerns in negotiations were the avoidance of a conflict that would have to be
4536:
We had beaten the Rumanian Army; to annihilate it had proved impossible. We had done all that was possible, but found ourselves obliged to leave forces in the Dobrudja and Wallachia which we had been able to use on the Eastern and Western fronts and in Macedonia before Rumania came into the war. In
4291:
Whereas the German army realized it needed close cooperation from the homefront, Habsburg officers saw themselves as entirely separate from the civilian world, and superior to it. When they occupied productive areas, such as southern Romania, they seized food stocks and other supplies for their own
4108:
The salient created by the Romanian troops in the enemy lines at the junction between the Austro-Hungarian First Army and the German Ninth Army made the High Command of the Central Powers bring forces from other sectors on the Moldavian front and change the main direction of the offensive initially
4047:
In early July 1917, on the Romanian front, one of the largest concentrations of combat forces and war material assembled during World War I: nine armies, 80 infantry divisions with 974 battalions, 19 cavalry divisions with 550 squadrons and 923 artillery batteries, whose effectives amounted to some
4043:
Armies had to precede those of the Romanian First Army. The German High Command, which had moved the center of gravity of its military operations to the Eastern Front in hopes of winning a victory there through the defeat of Romania and the conclusion of a peace with Russia, decided in June 1917 to
3910:
alignment in cooperation with Russian military forces, Romania embarked on the reconstruction and strengthening of its combat capability during the first half of 1917 through multiple national efforts under highly complex international circumstances. Considerable measures were taken in all economic
3040:
Diplomatic and political efforts to establish the Legion started in early July 1916. These efforts gained notable consistency in Italy after the "Congress of the Oppressed Nations in Austria-Hungary" was held in April 1918 in Rome, at a time when Italy became interested in further efforts to hasten
2895:
The ethnic Romanians in Austria-Hungary entered the war from the very beginning, with hundreds of thousands of Transylvanian and Bukovinian Romanians being mobilized throughout the war; between 1914 and 1918, an estimated 400,000 to 600,000 ethnic Romanians served with the Austro-Hungarian army, of
2831:
It is certain that so relatively small a state as Rumania had never before been given a role so important, and, indeed, so decisive for the history of the world at so favorable a moment. Never before had two great Powers like Germany and Austria found themselves so much at the mercy of the military
2719:
the same year, would have provided better chance for victory. According to some American military historians, Russia delayed approval of Romanian demands out of worries about Romanian territorial designs on Bessarabia, claimed by nationalist circles as a Romanian land. According to British military
2670:
Romania remained neutral when the war started, arguing that Austria-Hungary itself had started the war and, consequently, Romania was under no formal obligation to join it. At the same time, Germany started encouraging Austria-Hungary to make territorial concessions to Romania and Italy in order to
4803:
Bodart, Gaston: "Erforschung der Menschenverluste Österreich-Ungarns im Weltkriege 1914–1918", Austrian State Archive, War Archive Vienna, Manuscripts, History of the First World War, in general, A 91. Reports that 2% of Austro-Hungarian killed/wounded were incurred on the Eastern Front (including
4095:
in the Mărăști area. The next day, pursuing the offensive, the Romanian troops forced the enemy into an ever more disorderly retreat. This created favorable conditions for a deep penetration into the defensive disposition and the annihilation of the enemy group. However, under the circumstances in
3651:
Mountain Company in the capture of Mount Lescului. The offensive pushed the Romanian defenders back through the mountains and into the plains by 26 November. There was already snow covering the mountains and soon operations would have to halt for the winter. Advances by other parts of Falkenhayn's
2904:
of the same empire can compete with them for the last place in a ranking according to devotion to the state, per 100 soldiers. Also, in the first 3 years of fighting, out of about 300,000 Austro-Hungarian deserters, 150,000 were ethnic Romanians. Desertion and the transition to the enemy increased
4086:
in the sector of the Romanian Second and Russian Fourth Armies. Initiated by surprise with three divisions, the offensive succeeded in disrupting the well-organized enemy defenses and compelling the Austro-Hungarians and Germans to retreat. By the evening, the Romanian divisions had conquered the
3897:
In 1917, when both belligerent sides were making huge efforts to win the final victory, for Romania it was vitally important for Romanians to expel the occupying forces, since the existence of the Romanian state depended on it. After the Romanian troops had managed to bring the enemy to a halt at
4171:
Starting on 8 August 1917, the fighting on the Mărășești front combined with an Austro-Hungarian-German offensive at Oituz. Holding out against superior enemy forces, the Romanian troops by 30 August stemmed the advance of the Gerok Group. The definitive cessation of the general offensive on the
3032:
Although the first Romanian Transylvanian prisoners in Italy were documented as early as June 1915, it was not until 1916 that the percentage of Romanian prisoners of war from Austro-Hungarian troops became significant, and they were mainly concentrated in northern Italy. Along with prisoners of
3774:
rivers. Initially, the Romanians experienced success, taking a large number of prisoners, however Mackensen was able to shift forces to deal with the sudden assault and Falkenhayn's forces responded with attacks at every point. Faced with the overwhelming superiority of the invading forces, the
3044:
Following requests for enlistment to fight against Austria-Hungary, the Romanian volunteers were incorporated in July 1918 into the Italian Royal Army, to be enlisted in October of the same year in a large national unit. Between July and October 1918, three companies were formed, named "Horea",
4520:
Contemporary history is rarely just to failure. Only when the mists have cleared and the main issues have been decided can the belligerents afford to weigh each section of a campaign in a just scale. Rumania's entry into the war had awakened baseless hopes among her Allies; her unsuccess – her
3036:
Particularly in the province of L'Aquila, where a strong earthquake destroyed the roads and civil structures on January 13, 1915, the need for manpower led to the establishment in Avezzano of a camp with 15,000 prisoners. Over time, the component represented by prisoners of Romanian origin has
2700:
no later than August 1916, that Russia would send troops into Dobruja, and that the Romanian army would not be subordinated to Russian command. The Allies were to send 300 tons of provisions on a daily basis. According to the Romanian account, most of these clauses, with the exception of those
3949:
Considerable progress was achieved with the technical-material equipment of the army by means of its provisioning with armament, ammunition and other combat resources from inside the country, but even more importantly from abroad. The Allies supported the maintenance of the Romanian front by
2759:
The Romanian government signed a treaty with the Allies (France, Britain, Italy, and Russia) on 17 August 1916 that pledged to declare war on Austria-Hungary by 28 August. The Romanian ambassador in Vienna actually transmitted the declaration of war on 27 August. Germany, caught by surprise,
4172:
Romanian front by the Central Powers on 3 September 1917 marked a strategic defeat and a considerable weakening of their forces on the South-Eastern front. The response of the Romanian army in fact created the strongest blow to the Central Powers that was dealt in Eastern Europe in 1917.
3363:
14 kilometer-wide and 4 kilometer-deep. On the next day, this area was expanded, with 8 Bulgarian settlements ending up in Romanian hands. However, due to the deteriorating situation in Transylvania, the offensive was cancelled on 3 October. The Austro-Hungarian river monitors
3435:
In October 1916, the Romanian army mounted a wide-scale operation, the main target of which was the defense of the mountain passes in the Southern and Eastern Carpathians against the ever-stronger pressure of the German and Austro-Hungarian forces. Grim fights erupted in the
4804:
10,594 out of 521,146 fatalities). While the casualty records are incomplete (Bodart on the same page estimates the missing war losses and gets a total figure of 1,213,368 deaths rather than 521,146), the proportions are accurate. Two percent of Austro-Hungarian casualties
4129:). Pursuing the offensive, the German troops aimed at occupying the whole of Moldavia, thereby knocking Romania out of the war, and, together with an in-depth penetration of the Austro-Hungarian troops on the front in Bukovina, to push the Russian forces eastwards, beyond
3415:
passes. The latter, however, had been occupied by Bavarian mountain troops in a flanking movement, and the Battle of Turnu Roșu Pass ended with the Romanians retaking the pass at a cost of 3,000 men. On 17 October the Romanian Second Army attacked the Austro-Hungarians at
3113:
It is the day of the union of all branches of our nation. Today we are able to complete the task of our forefathers and to establish forever that which Michael the Great was only able to establish for a moment, namely, a Romanian union on both slopes of the Carpathians.
2683:
and one in Transylvania) and written guarantees of Romanian territorial gains after the war. They demanded an agreement not to make a separate peace with the Central Powers, equal status at the future peace conference, Russian military assistance against Bulgaria, an
8167:
3221:. The Austro-Hungarians also sent four divisions to reinforce their lines, and by the middle of September, the Romanian offensive was halted. A separate Romanian offensive, carried out by the 1st Infantry Division, was much more limited in its aims and it succeeded:
3854:, managed to prevent the Central Powers from advancing into the Danube Delta, keeping it under Romanian control until the end of the war. Fighting also ceased in the Carpathian passes, also owing to unfavorable weather. Mackensen's troops were able to capture
3990:
arrived from Western Europe. In parallel, efforts were made to meet the food and health care needs and special heed was paid to strengthening the soldiers' morale. A notable contribution to the reconstruction of the Romanian army was made by the 1,600-strong
2531:
from Bulgaria in the south. Despite initial successes in Transylvania, after German divisions started aiding Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria, the Romanian forces (aided by Russia) suffered massive setbacks, and by the end of 1916 out of the territory of the
2163:
3763:
army, but it needed the cooperation of Russian divisions to contain Mackensen's offensive while the Romanian reserve struck the gap between Mackensen and Falkenhayn. However, the Russian army would not endorse the plan and did not support the attack.
10756:
3678:) shot down into the sea one of the seaplanes, killing the commander of the German squadron. This reduced the German seaplane force at Constanța by a quarter, which only consisted of four aircraft in November 1916. The shot down seaplane was of the
3444:
was one of the major aims pursued by the Central Powers. Given their dramatic character, the clashes for the Predeal town and railway station were frequently compared with the heaviest fights on the Western Front. Similar fights took place in the
3109:
It has brought the day which has been awaited for centuries by the national conscience, by the founders of the Romanian State, by those who united the principalities in the war of independence, by those responsible for the national renaissance.
2662:
that stipulated Romania's obligation to go to war only if Austria-Hungary was attacked. While Carol wanted to enter World War I as an ally of the Central Powers, the Romanian public and the political parties were in favor of joining the
2756:, and Thomson signed a Military Convention with Romania on 13 August 1916. Within a few months, he had to alleviate the consequences of Romania's setbacks and supervise the destruction of the Romanian oil wells to deny them to Germany.
2905:
significantly in frequency on the Western Front in the last 2 years of the war, significantly affecting Austro-Hungarian military units in their structure and firepower. This has sometimes resulted in failures of entire front sectors.
3333:
arrived to halt Mackensen's army before it cut the rail line that linked Constanța with Bucharest. Fighting was furious, with attacks and counterattacks until 23 September. The Central Powers suffered a tactical defeat in the
4060:, represented a turning point in the war on the Eastern front. These battles were fought approximately on the front alignment stabilized in early 1917, which the conflicting sides had thoroughly consolidated for half a year.
4525:'s counter-stroke on the Argesh were achievements of which any army might be proud. And the staunch valor of the Roman legionaries still lived in the heroic band who, under Anastasiu, cut their way from Orsova to the Aluta.
2199:
2751:
to bring Romania into the war. Once there, he quickly formed the view that an unprepared and ill-armed Romania facing a war on two fronts would be a liability, not an asset, to the Allies. This view was brushed aside by
3530:
while the cavalry tried to slow the German advance in order to give it time to organize a defensive line along the Olt. Although the Romanian army made attempts to stop the advance of the German forces, such as in the
6427:"Soldați ai României Mari. Din prizonieratul rusesc în Corpul Voluntarilor transilvăneni și bucovineni [Soldiers of Greater Romania; from Russian captivity to the Transylvanian and Bucovina Volunteer Corps]"
4101:
throughout the entire territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Black Sea. In the Mărăști zone, however, the Romanian units continued the offensive until 30 July upon the request of their commander, General
3914:
With a view to achieving the unity of action of internal political forces that was indispensable to safeguarding the nation's interests, a government of national union was set up in Iași on 24 December 1916, led by
2337:
4405:
3510:. This Army Group included the 11th and 301st Bavarian infantry divisions, which had previously fought the Romanians on the Jiu, the 41st Prussian and the 109th infantry divisions which were transferred from the
8418:
3783:
Cavalry Regiment was almost wiped out), the Battle of the Argeș ended unfavourably for the Romanian army. Within three days, the attack had been shattered and the Romanians were retreating everywhere. Bucharest
4287:
and by the end of the war had pumped a million tons of oil. They also requisitioned two million tons of grain from Romanian farmers. These materials were vital in keeping Germany in the war to the end of 1918.
3775:
Romanian army, its ranks thinned from the previous actions, inferior in equipment and lacking Russian support, failed to check the enemy advance. Although it recorded numerous daring actions (among these the
2242:
2795:
was quite large, with over 650,000 men in 23 divisions, but it suffered from poor training and equipment, particularly when compared to its German counterparts. Meanwhile, the German Chief of Staff, General
1803:
11319:
7829:
3813:, and southern Moldavia, was now in the hands of the Central Powers. While retreating, the Romanians burnt stores of grain and destroyed oil wells to prevent them from being used by the Germans.
10751:
8071:
2855:. Grenades were also manufactured, with three factories producing 1.5 tons of explosives daily. The 332 gun carriages were produced in order to convert Romania's 53 mm and 57 mm
11314:
4505:. Despite this the Germans represented only 22% of the Central Power's forces that took part in the campaign compared to the Austro-Hungarian 46% and combined Bulgarian and Ottoman 32%.
7933:
2407:
favored Germany, while the nation's political elite favored the Entente. As such, the crown council decided to remain neutral. But after King Carol's death in 1914, his successor King
2393:
from 10 December 1917 to 7 May 1918, a non-combatant country between 7 May 1918 and 10 November 1918, and finally a belligerent country in the Entente between 10 and 11 November 1918.
3797:
Battle of Râmnicu Sărat between 22 and 26 December, with Mackensen's forces entering the town on 27 December. Around this time, the Russians began sending numerous reinforcements to
8150:
4588:
4035:. The decisive effort was to be made by the Romanian First Army. In order to increase the effect of the offensive and draw as many enemy troops as possible northwest of the town of
1441:
1155:
3472:. There, the Germans had massed large forces to beat their way south of the mountains. Faced with the enemy threat, the troops of the Romanian First Army, under command of General
10741:
9982:
8115:
2158:
4421:
2477:. Under the pressure of the ultimatum, the Romanian government agreed to enter the war on the side of the Entente, although the situation on the battle fronts was not favorable.
9997:
10181:
8410:
4330:
that knocked Bulgaria out of World War I in the autumn of 1918, Romania re-entered the war, again on the side of the Allies, on 10 November 1918. This happened the day before
1343:
4202:
struck a Romanian mine and sank near Brăila, the explosion killing the chief of staff of the Austro-Hungarian Danube Flotilla and a telegraphist and wounding 8 more sailors.
11500:
1659:
11495:
11470:
2439:, and Russia promised modern munitions. The Allies promised at least 200,000 soldiers to defend Romania against Bulgaria to the south, and help it invade Austria-Hungary.
2310:
1749:
4213:. These events effectively ended Russian involvement in the war and left Romania isolated and surrounded by the Central Powers. It had little choice but to negotiate the
3355:, but missed. The Romanian warship counterattacked, damaging the submarine's periscope and conning tower and forcing her to retreat. On 1 October, two Romanian divisions
1256:
11277:
8160:
4141:
were expected to leave their positions to reinforce the front in the north of Moldavia and be replaced by the divisions of the Romanian First Army (commanded by General
3682:
type, as these were the only German naval bombers on the Romanian front. In total, from 1916 to 1918, German seaplanes serving on the Romanian front were of four types:
2237:
6329:"Volantini di guerra: la lingua romena in Italia nella propaganda del primo conflitto mondiale [War leaflets: the Romanian language in Italy in WWI propaganda]"
3033:
other nationalities of Austria-Hungary, scattered throughout Italy, they contributed to a better understanding of the ethnic situation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
2182:
1559:
1333:
2151:
1569:
11460:
10079:
3704:
was sent on a minelaying mission off Sulina and never returned, being sunk by her own mines. This was probably caused by an encounter with the Romanian torpedo boat
2254:
1998:
1905:
7859:
4783:
3311:
On 15 September the Romanian War Council decided to suspend the Transylvania offensive and concentrate on the Mackensen army group instead. The plan (the so-called
3268:. At the same time, the Bulgarian Third Army with the 75th Turkish regiment, arrived on the last day of the battle, defeated a Romanian-Russian force including the
3217:
were at their height around this time and tied down significant German forces. Nevertheless, eight divisions and an Alpine Corps were deployed under the command of
2175:
9716:
9540:
8880:
8268:
7060:
2206:
1495:
491:
3396:(recently replaced as German Chief of Staff), who started his own counterattack on 18 September. The first attack was on the Romanian First Army near the town of
2385:
From the point of view of its belligerent status, Romania was a neutral country between 28 July 1914 and 27 August 1916, a belligerent country on the part of the
10158:
1564:
1261:
1042:
1353:
10186:
8693:
1944:
1693:
4469:
2715:
attributes the late decision to Romania's historical hostility towards the Russian Empire and purports that an earlier entry into the war, perhaps before the
10374:
10101:
9793:
8751:
8229:
3016:
and became the first Romanian war photographer. In total, up to 150,000 Romanians were killed in action while fighting as part of the Austro-Hungarian Army.
2688:
offensive in the direction of Bulgaria, and the regular shipment of Allied war supplies. The military convention they signed with the Allies stipulated that
2249:
2170:
2146:
1581:
1434:
1294:
1348:
10481:
8428:
4283:
became the new German-sponsored prime minister. King Ferdinand, however, refused to sign the treaty. The Germans were able to repair the oil fields around
4031:
sector with a view to completely pin down all enemy forces there, annihilate the main enemy groups operating there (the German Ninth Army) and support the
3106:
The war which for the last two years has been encircling our frontiers more and more closely has shaken the ancient foundations of Europe to their depths.
2322:
2054:
2037:
1876:
3839:, but suffered heavy casualties to Romanian defenders on the northern bank and stopped. The Romanian Land Forces, supported by the Danube Division of the
3610:. The Russian Army was now both demoralized and nearly out of supplies. Mackensen felt free to secretly pull a large number of troops back to the town of
1338:
10389:
10144:
5240:
4449:
2861:
fortress guns into field artillery. Some of the 57 mm guns were converted into anti-aircraft guns using a carriage designed by the Romanian General
2458:
linked to the secret treaty of alliance since 1883. However, both Italy and Romania refused to honor the treaty on the grounds that it was not a case of
1490:
6445:Șerban, Ioan I (1997). "Din activitatea desfășurată în Vechiul Regat de voluntarii și refugiații ardeleni și bucovineni în slujba idealului național ".
2211:
1574:
11465:
10384:
10074:
10025:
9940:
7090:
6995:
2436:
2218:
1922:
1881:
1688:
11480:
10616:
10228:
3053:
camp. Out of a total of 60,000 prisoners of war of Romanian origin, 36,712 soldiers and 525 officers requested to join the Romanian Legion in Italy (
2134:
1520:
1485:
4186:
As a result of these operations, the remaining Romanian territories remained unoccupied. Nearly 1,000,000 Central Powers troops were tied down, and
3656:
also pushed through the mountains; the Romanian army was being ground down by the constant battle and their supply situation was becoming critical.
11485:
11295:
8244:
7085:
2194:
1886:
1427:
4048:
800,000 men, with about one million in their immediate reserve. The three great battles, decisive for the Romanian nation's destiny, delivered at
10069:
9427:
7207:
6955:
6742:
5122:
4163:
For 29 days, until 3 September, this sector was the scene of the most important battle fought by the Romanian army during the 1917 campaign. The
3719:, whose systems most likely malfunctioned after being forced to submerge in the shallow waters, upon encountering the Romanian torpedo boat. Her
1727:
11475:
4839:Симеонов, Радослав, Величка Михайлова и Донка Василева. Добричката епопея. Историко-библиографски справочник, Добрич 2006, с. 181 (in Bulgarian
4023:
level. Its final form ready in late May 1917, the operations plan for the Romanian front called for the mounting of a general offensive in the
3992:
1622:
733:
8858:
3870:. Therefore, the Kingdom of Romania continued to exercise the attributes of an independent and sovereign state, allied to the Entente powers.
8920:
6930:
2305:
6157:
4375:
The Romanian occupation of Transylvania was widely resented by Hungarians. The Hungarian–Romanian War ended with the Romanian army entering
10129:
10059:
9698:
8910:
8821:
8100:
6985:
4389:
4262:
2112:
1392:
1076:
17:
3276:, despite the almost double superiority of the Entente. The Romanian Third Army made further attempts to withstand the enemy offensive at
2223:
10153:
9044:
8498:
8384:
3792:
was appointed as the "military governor" of the occupied territories of Romania. The Romanian Second Army made a fighting retreat to the
2781:
2428:
1035:
2800:, had correctly reasoned that Romania would side with the Allies, and had made plans accordingly. Thanks to the earlier conquest of the
2724:, before Romania entered the war, the Allies had secretly agreed not to honour the territorial expansion of Romania when the war ended.
2508:, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. Fighting took place from August 1916 to December 1917 across most of present-day Romania, including
10766:
8721:
6797:
5804:
2842:
5601:
General Stefan Toshev 1921 “The activity of the 3rd Army in Dobrudja in 1916”, p. 68; Действията на III армия в Добруджа 1916, стр. 68
9051:
3252:
front after the initial battles. This army attacked north from Bulgaria, starting on 1 September. It stayed on the south side of the
4705:Министерство на войната, Щаб на войската, Българската армия в Световната война 1915–1918, Vol. VIII, Държавна печатница, Sofia, 1939
4673:
4044:
mount a wide-scope offensive in the north and south of Moldavia, to which end it brought over reinforcements from the other fronts.
3979:
3926:
The Romanian army's reconstruction involved both re-organization and modernization. While the forces that had taken part in the big
11505:
8703:
7123:
3477:
10379:
11455:
10761:
10311:
10149:
10136:
10093:
10002:
9728:
9530:
9437:
9339:
9097:
8744:
8354:
8105:
7768:
4270:
3671:, the last Romanian-held sea port. On 7 November, Romanian anti-aircraft defenses at Sulina (including the old protected cruiser
2281:
1474:
1409:
3711:, whose captain surprised a German submarine near Sulina in November 1916, the latter reportedly never returning to her base at
10503:
10493:
10361:
8172:
2744:
1028:
130:
5716:
4541:
The failure of the Romanian front for the Entente was also the result of several factors beyond Romania's control. The failed
1321:
10609:
10275:
10209:
10046:
9925:
9598:
8617:
8473:
8155:
7923:
7851:
7242:
6965:
6904:
6548:
6401:
6382:
6191:
4992:
4892:
4617:
4576:
4564:
2865:. The Romanian army badly lacked arms and ammunitions during the war, due to the industrial underdevelopment of the country.
2748:
1468:
6559:
5660:
10450:
9870:
8655:
7475:
7419:
7015:
3480:, the town was defended by its inhabitants, men, women and children, young and old. There, a conspicuous figure was cut by
4780:
4552:
3057:). Of the officers, one was a colonel, 5 were majors, 32 captains, 97 lieutenants, 294 sublieutenants, and 96 applicants.
11207:
11113:
10992:
10980:
10968:
10948:
10796:
10221:
9545:
9173:
8678:
8288:
7407:
7355:
7264:
6772:
6735:
5610:Симеонов, Радослав, Величка Михайлова и Донка Василева. Добричката епопея. Историко-библиографски справочник, Добрич 2006
3606:, the defense of the unoccupied Dobruja was left only to the Russians, who were gradually pushed back towards the marshy
2888:
1712:
1593:
902:
774:
549:
362:
191:
10435:
4600:
10746:
10420:
9710:
9112:
8870:
8332:
8209:
7434:
6527:
4346:
4305:
3618:
3502:, the German army regrouped on 29 October 1916. The German High Command created the Army Group Kühne, headquartered in
3209:
arriving at the scene. The Entente incorrectly assumed that Germany would be unable to respond to the invasion, as the
2928:
2912:
2874:
2470:, as stipulated in the treaty of alliance. In August 1916, Romania received an ultimatum to decide whether to join the
1744:
1739:
1515:
1219:
976:
866:
625:
4727:
3594:
launched a new offensive on 19 October, after a month of careful preparations, and achieved a decisive victory in the
10295:
9989:
9805:
9077:
8548:
7540:
7515:
7050:
6592:
6569:
5818:
5282:
5248:
5067:
4959:
4920:
4006:
was sunk by German shore artillery, three sailors were killed. On 16 April, Easter Monday, the Romanian torpedo boat
2559:, Romania, almost completely surrounded by the Central Powers, was also forced to drop out of the war. It signed the
1864:
1251:
4537:
spite of our victory over the Rumanian Army, we were definitely weaker as regards the conduct of the war as a whole.
3862:
line on 19 January failed. Thus, the front stabilized and allowed for the Romanian army to be refitted and rebuilt.
10602:
9475:
8513:
8199:
7505:
7324:
7192:
6807:
4715:Българската армия в Световната война 1915–1918, Millions of mouths died in Romania during the Great War. vol. VIII
4622:
4266:
3380:
and one coal barge were damaged by Romanian coastal batteries and one large barge loaded with explosives was sunk.
3269:
722:
576:
6643:
3923:) responded to popular demands of the citizenry and contributed to the morale of the soldiers in the front lines.
3427:
3338:
on 19 September, forcing them to halt their advance until mid-October. On 30 September, near the Romanian port of
2378:
in May 1918, before reentering the war on 10 November 1918. It had the most significant oil fields in Europe, and
2266:
11490:
10708:
10546:
10351:
10331:
10118:
10054:
9877:
9746:
8650:
8570:
8508:
8122:
6909:
4195:
On 22 September, Romania achieved its greatest naval success of the war, when the Austro-Hungarian river monitor
3640:
3515:
3476:, offered strong resistance. The Romanian soldiers were supported everywhere by the civil population; during the
1283:
600:
9211:
3578:
2944:. Romanian troops fought on all European fronts of the Dual Monarchy, some of them being distinguished, such as
1765:
11067:
10727:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10326:
10020:
8665:
8640:
8538:
8204:
7500:
7279:
6874:
6869:
6728:
6454:Șerban, Ioan I (2000). "Constituirea celui de-al doilea corp al voluntarilor români din Rusia – august 1918 ".
4805:
4342:
4279:
with the Central Powers. It imposed harsh conditions on the country, but recognized its union with Bessarabia.
4134:
3626:
3465:
1611:
1239:
10897:
5517:
3831:
on 5 January 1917. Toward the end of the month, extreme frost gave the Bulgarians an opportunity to enter the
3188:, sinking one barge loaded with fuel and damaging the port's quay. Initially, the only opposing force was the
2603:
refused to sign it, hoping for an Allied victory on the western front. In October 1918, Romania renounced the
1111:
344:
11194:
10918:
10321:
10316:
10280:
10214:
10106:
9952:
9535:
9387:
8925:
8853:
8784:
8553:
8523:
8518:
8088:
7560:
7294:
7232:
7030:
7010:
6889:
5592:
Glenn E. Torrey, "The Battle of Turtucaia (Tutrakan) (2–6 September 1916): Romania's Grief, Bulgaria's Glory"
5155:
4870:"Military Casualties-World War-Estimated", Statistics Branch, GS, War Department, 25 February 1924; cited in
4433:
4331:
4164:
4088:
3005:
2608:
1374:
1214:
456:
3893:
53 mm gun removed from its turret and installed on a Romanian-built gun carriage (thus made an infantry gun)
1627:
1138:
1106:
10270:
9897:
9837:
9734:
9639:
9402:
9188:
8892:
8731:
8630:
8359:
8145:
7928:
7370:
7309:
7165:
7116:
6990:
6894:
6864:
6838:
6833:
6777:
5488:
Volantini di guerra: la lingua romena in Italia nella propaganda del primo conflitto mondiale, Damian, 2012
4152:
3321:, while the front-line Romanian and Russian forces were supposed to launch an offensive southwards towards
3303:
3189:
2939:
1177:
543:
4694:
3068:, Montello, Sisemolet, Piave, Cimone and Monte Grappa. After the end of the war, they participated in the
2847:
Between 1914 and 1916, 59 Romanian factories produced 400,000 artillery rounds, 70 million bullets, 1,500
2631:
1588:
11300:
10625:
10508:
9945:
9930:
9788:
9740:
9505:
9056:
8930:
8843:
8838:
8607:
8595:
8590:
7668:
7584:
7490:
7170:
7020:
6940:
6394:
Moldova: A Romanian Province Under Russian Rule: Diplomatic History from the Archives of the Great Powers
5009:
Moldova: A Romanian Province under Russian Rule. Diplomatic History from the Archives of the Great Powers
4092:
3951:
3519:
3420:, but the attack was repulsed and the counterattack forced the Romanians to retreat from there also. The
3061:
2680:
2485:
2259:
1847:
1605:
1599:
1451:
1091:
134:
41:
10872:
10772:
9117:
6540:
Romanians from Transylvania, Banat, Crișana, Sătmar and Maramureș in World War I. Investigation of ASTRA
4275:
On 7 May 1918, in light of the existing politico-military situation, Romania was forced to conclude the
4230:
1754:
1539:
1143:
11273:
10703:
10488:
10445:
9722:
9480:
9465:
9367:
9236:
8804:
8716:
8673:
8263:
8110:
7943:
7636:
7510:
7470:
7397:
7314:
7299:
7197:
7055:
7000:
6960:
6950:
6945:
6802:
6584:
4456:
4412:
4335:
4309:
4258:
4238:
4205:
The situation, however, once again took a turn for the worse for the Entente in November 1917 with the
3631:
3236:
While the Romanian Army was advancing in Transylvania, the first counterattack came from Field Marshal
3069:
3001:
2604:
2560:
2375:
2332:
1820:
1732:
1402:
1096:
532:
113:
5119:
3971:
3950:
continuing to deliver and supplement previously placed orders. 150,000 French 8 mm rifles, 1,760
3780:
3464:
Particular heed was paid to the actions carried on for the defense of the Carpathians' alignment, the
2900:, the dedication of the Romanian military to the interest of Austria-Hungary was reduced, only ethnic
1966:
1707:
1632:
1148:
11071:
10961:
10430:
10198:
9782:
9770:
9525:
9510:
9231:
9122:
8816:
8794:
8543:
8533:
8466:
7996:
7844:
7673:
7429:
7319:
7045:
6970:
6823:
6767:
4380:
4276:
4068:
4040:
3260:. Bulgarian troops (aided by the German-Bulgarian Detachment) surrounded and stormed the fortress of
3245:
3065:
2747:, a fluent speaker of French, was sent to Bucharest as British military attaché on the initiative of
2707:
2117:
1988:
1837:
1717:
1653:
1544:
677:
641:
629:
613:
565:
9377:
8083:
6318:
Cazacu, Gheorghe (2013). "Voluntarii români ardeleni din Rusia în timpul Primului Război Mondial ".
4427:
The extent of Romania's advance into Transylvania before the counteroffensive of the Central Powers.
4079:
4072:
3487:
1961:
1369:
11375:
11246:
10815:
10405:
9892:
9882:
9811:
9764:
9752:
9692:
9500:
9495:
9417:
8826:
8799:
8503:
8256:
8078:
8049:
7661:
7555:
7535:
7530:
7480:
7304:
7040:
6884:
6859:
5532:
5190:
3664:
3653:
3595:
3532:
2059:
1993:
1647:
1362:
1304:
1268:
1234:
1202:
1121:
1065:
521:
5498:
4493:
4349:
on 1 December 1918 by the National Assembly of Romanians of Transylvania and Hungary, gathered at
1637:
1480:
11350:
11335:
11265:
11242:
11238:
11091:
11083:
11063:
11039:
11023:
10693:
10476:
10468:
10410:
10170:
9865:
9628:
9455:
9450:
9382:
9241:
9226:
9221:
9201:
9082:
8959:
8298:
7631:
7601:
7380:
7360:
7227:
7109:
7068:
7064:
6980:
6782:
6150:
5274:
3996:
3987:
3720:
3356:
3335:
3313:
3147:
2655:
2505:
2443:
2327:
2232:
2025:
1830:
1815:
1617:
1197:
1165:
587:
11269:
9422:
4440:
4214:
1086:
108:
10997:
10985:
10243:
9967:
9902:
9758:
9485:
9412:
9362:
9347:
9329:
9302:
9216:
9183:
8809:
8789:
8493:
8182:
8054:
7972:
7616:
7460:
7385:
6975:
6935:
6925:
6787:
6720:
6328:
4460:
3687:
3622:
3162:
2945:
2767:
2659:
2600:
2527:) consisted in attacking Austria-Hungary in Transylvania, while defending Southern Dobruja and
2408:
2139:
1899:
1809:
1798:
1289:
1244:
1224:
1209:
1071:
390:
11019:
5268:
4982:
4943:
4906:
4415:, 10 days before Romania's entry to the war. The Entante's promises are highlighted in yellow.
3751:
3667:, the Central Powers set up a naval base which was used by German seaplanes for raids against
2823:
The German high command was seriously worried about the prospect of Romania entering the war,
2563:
with the Central Powers in May 1918. Under the terms of the treaty, Romania would lose all of
1671:
1326:
11355:
11290:
11212:
11142:
10973:
10833:
10233:
9887:
9776:
9552:
9515:
9445:
9392:
9314:
9282:
9256:
9206:
9137:
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8992:
8776:
8645:
8528:
8308:
8093:
7748:
7701:
7626:
7611:
7414:
7402:
7375:
7329:
7005:
6879:
6828:
5332:
Volantini di guerra: la lingua romena in Italia nella propaganda del primo conflitto mondiale
5234:
4280:
4234:
4126:
3983:
3840:
3683:
3679:
3241:
3143:
3091:
2731:
Sketch pleading for the entry of Romania into war against Austria-Hungary in order to create
2689:
2685:
2647:
2471:
2432:
2420:
2386:
2367:
2291:
2127:
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2042:
1983:
1934:
1793:
1700:
1379:
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834:
728:
689:
653:
554:
497:
276:
119:
10860:
7992:
6673:
3916:
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region. The Romanian occupation of the area lasted for over two months, until mid-November.
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1759:
11380:
11360:
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11136:
11087:
10583:
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9178:
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7202:
6683:
5425:
Erlikman, Vadim (2004). Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke : spravochnik. Moscow. p. 51
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4369:
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1771:
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700:
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479:
356:
332:
309:
297:
126:
9127:
8251:
5499:"Primary Documents – King Ferdinand's Proclamation to the Romanian People, 28 August 1916"
2423:
wanted Romania to join their side in order to cut rail communications between Germany and
1842:
1534:
1101:
8:
11250:
11230:
10565:
9704:
9568:
9520:
9397:
9357:
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9297:
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8875:
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2920:
2824:
2548:
2086:
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2015:
1683:
1500:
1311:
1187:
1116:
744:
467:
378:
59:
10864:
10518:
6648:
Vinogradov, V. N. "Romania in the First World War: The Years of Neutrality, 1914–1916",
5221:
War and Society in East Central Europe: Essays on War and Society in East Central Europe
3750:
response, the Romanian Command prepared a counter-offensive known under the name of the
2862:
2271:
2102:
1387:
11430:
11400:
11385:
11345:
11234:
11169:
11159:
11132:
11051:
11027:
10935:
10893:
10807:
10525:
10440:
9799:
9663:
9645:
9610:
9574:
9407:
9372:
9324:
9309:
9196:
9147:
8986:
8945:
8625:
8400:
8002:
7794:
7787:
7688:
7678:
7565:
7448:
7269:
7212:
7157:
7147:
7136:
6708:
6704:
6621:
Torrey, Glenn E. "Romania in the First World War: The Years of Engagement, 1916–1918",
6469:
6207:
5800:
5685:
4627:
4206:
4102:
4032:
3975:
3920:
3273:
3214:
3086:
3009:
2716:
2619:. The next day, the Treaty of Bucharest was nullified by the terms of the Armistice of
2592:
2556:
2493:
2451:
2416:
2404:
2359:
2276:
2189:
2081:
2020:
1950:
1642:
1192:
999:
948:
847:
807:
739:
695:
684:
660:
648:
440:
429:
418:
412:
407:
396:
385:
219:
87:
53:
7818:
6677:
6426:
4192:
was prompted to describe the Romanian front as "The only point of light in the East".
3492:
3412:
11165:
11043:
10850:
10698:
10558:
10552:
10513:
10415:
10248:
9831:
9686:
9669:
9470:
9292:
9272:
9107:
9092:
9022:
9010:
8711:
8688:
8635:
8325:
8239:
8177:
8140:
7938:
7711:
7641:
7465:
6854:
6588:
6565:
6544:
6397:
6378:
6361:
6187:
5814:
5278:
5244:
5063:
4988:
4955:
4916:
4888:
4650:
4522:
4480:
4365:(Kolozsvár), on 22 December 1918, where they reaffirmed their allegiance to Hungary.
4313:
4210:
4146:
3759:
3732:
3281:
3152:
2805:
2801:
2107:
2003:
1917:
1788:
1776:
1528:
1316:
1299:
1015:
330,000–430,000 Romanian civilians dead from war-related causes between 1914 and 1918
984:
825:
717:
486:
423:
401:
321:
258:
138:
6505:
Jelavich, Barbara. "Romania in the First World War: The Pre-War Crisis, 1912–1914",
4372:(Article 259) to renounce the benefits provided by the Treaty of Bucharest in 1918.
3643:
was launched on 10 November. One of the young officers was the future Field Marshal
2419:, which had around 2.8 milion Romanians, among approximately 5 milion other people.
11415:
11405:
11340:
11124:
11047:
11015:
10679:
10647:
10643:
9616:
9586:
9580:
9490:
9319:
9287:
9277:
9016:
8940:
8935:
8863:
8683:
8583:
8313:
7986:
7982:
7803:
7763:
7753:
7716:
7696:
7596:
7289:
7284:
7035:
5810:
5103:
4542:
4529:
4327:
4323:
4007:
3878:
3705:
3349:
3222:
2977:
2965:
2809:
2785:
2612:
2537:
2513:
2455:
2074:
1783:
1677:
1397:
1182:
1172:
244:
10868:
6688:
6611:
Torrey, Glenn E. "The Rumanian Campaign of 1916: Its Impact on the Belligerents",
6252:
A History of the Great War: From the Battle of Verdun to the Third Battle of Ypres
5106:, 2006), 29, quoting German soldier Piete Kuhr's diary entry for 1 September 1916.
4510:
A History of the Great War: From the Battle of Verdun to the Third Battle of Ypres
3767:
3317:) was to attack the Central Powers forces from the rear by crossing the Danube at
3170:
1910:
10889:
10425:
10265:
9604:
9157:
9132:
8831:
8739:
8578:
8423:
8394:
8320:
7976:
7905:
7738:
7728:
7222:
6712:
5126:
4912:
4787:
4476:
4301:
4250:
3712:
3538:
2908:
2897:
2732:
2651:
2572:
2401:
2069:
1971:
1956:
1892:
1871:
1825:
1126:
920:
893:
765:
571:
538:
502:
351:
339:
327:
178:
4118:
4113:, conjugated with another blow that had to start from the mountains through the
3507:
3498:
After the Romanian troops were initially able to stop the German advance on the
3446:
3197:
11425:
11390:
11370:
11184:
10856:
10827:
10823:
10811:
10258:
10238:
9909:
9622:
9460:
9251:
9142:
8998:
8902:
8885:
7808:
6495:
6151:"Serbian and Habsburg Military institutional legacies in Yugoslavia after 1918"
5264:
4646:
4501:
The 1916 counteroffensive was mainly led by the German generals Falkenhayn and
4317:
4083:
3943:
3776:
3437:
3226:
3201:
3192:, which was steadily pushed back toward Hungary. In a short time, the towns of
3185:
3046:
2935:
2813:
2697:
2693:
2664:
2588:
2580:
2528:
2501:
2497:
2459:
2447:
2390:
2371:
1857:
1554:
965:
911:
856:
816:
792:
783:
595:
560:
373:
231:
204:
100:
10594:
7957:
6365:
3648:
11449:
11420:
11410:
11365:
11128:
11120:
10956:
10803:
10369:
9657:
9651:
9087:
9004:
8915:
8007:
7721:
6124:
Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945
4245:
4196:
4137:, started on 6 August 1917, when the units of the Russian Fourth Army on the
3903:
3844:
3672:
3591:
3558:
3543:
3473:
3318:
3060:
Only the three companies formed prior to October 1918 actually fought on the
2989:
2884:
2379:
931:
884:
758:
582:
527:
516:
367:
316:
304:
292:
165:
4122:
3264:. The Romanian garrison surrendered on 6 September at the conclusion of the
9819:
9246:
8389:
8303:
8044:
7706:
7522:
4735:
4383:. The Romanians departed back to the demarcation lines only in early 1920.
3907:
3832:
3695:
3644:
3607:
3454:
3158:
3081:
2993:
2992:. Other notable Romanians who fought in the Austro-Hungarian Army included
2852:
2817:
2763:
2616:
2524:
2512:, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time, as well as in
2509:
2463:
2412:
1160:
711:
445:
4028:
3886:
3660:
3603:
3599:
3503:
3450:
3400:; the attack halted the Romanian advance. Eight days later, German troops
3257:
2620:
10914:
10665:
10030:
9935:
9633:
9061:
8482:
8379:
8017:
8012:
7867:
7187:
6752:
6515:
6485:
6353:
4513:
4396:
4362:
4138:
4114:
4087:
first defenses, the strongest and deepest of the defensive system of the
3859:
3793:
3766:
On 1 December, the Romanian army went ahead with the offensive along the
3636:
3527:
3491:
Romanian prisoners of war passing by an Austro-Hungarian howitzer at the
3408:
3407:, and on 29 September, the outnumbered Romanians began retreating to the
3166:
2953:
2721:
2712:
2611:, Romania re-entered the war after the successful Allied advances on the
2489:
2397:
2389:
from 27 August 1916 to 9 December 1917, in a state of armistice with the
2363:
434:
45:
8230:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region
5219:
Béla K. Király, Gunther Erich Rothenberg, Brooklyn College Press, 1987,
4341:
On 28 November 1918, the Romanian representatives of Bukovina voted for
4284:
11395:
10819:
4695:
https://archive.org/stream/kingscompletehi00kinggoog#page/n260/mode/2up
4645:
Former prisoners also set up the Romanian Legion which served with the
4497:
Percentage of military deaths during World War I for the Entente Powers
4350:
3890:
3801:
to prevent an invasion of southern Russia. Southern Romania, including
3691:
3499:
3360:
3293:
3184:
attacked the Austro-Hungarian Danube Flotilla at the Bulgarian port of
3064:
until the armistice of November 3, 1918. Taking part in the battles of
2915:
who were repatriated to Romania in 1917. Many fought in the battles of
2857:
2584:
1978:
1939:
5806:
Arms and the Man: Military History Essays in Honor of Dennis Showalter
5414:
Voluntarii români ardeleni din Rusia în timpul Primului Război Mondial
4361:(Medgyes). A similar gathering was held by the minority Hungarians in
4049:
4036:
4024:
3855:
3553:
2916:
2544:
9825:
9592:
7656:
6792:
5083:
4188:
3963:
3469:
3384:
took 12 hits and was disabled for the rest of the Romanian Campaign.
3326:
3289:
3095:
2969:
2879:
2777:
2753:
2032:
11327:
6538:
5651:, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, 1987, pp. 681–682
5062:
by Sir Peter G. Masefield, pp. 16–17 (1982, William Kimber, London)
4859:
Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
4358:
4175:
3828:
3417:
3193:
3024:
2727:
1020:
10085:
7101:
6678:
1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
5518:"Romania's Entry into the First World War: The Problem of Strategy"
5100:
Stolen Voices: Young People's War Diaries, From World War I to Iraq
4376:
3959:
3931:
3806:
3798:
3725:
3700:
3611:
3547:
3344:
3297:
3277:
3261:
3249:
3050:
2981:
2901:
2568:
2517:
6601:
Torrey, Glenn E. "The Entente and the Rumanian Campaign of 1916",
5886:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania,
4546:
materialize to the number of 200,000 soldiers initially demanded.
4063:
3824:
3602:(occupied by the Central Powers on 22 October). After the fall of
3458:
3431:
Romanian troops repelling an Austro-Hungarian attack, October 1916
3397:
2411:
favored the Entente. For Romania, the highest priority was taking
10757:
Military convention between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria
8293:
7862:
7132:
6684:
Video with the redrawing of the borders after the First World War
6473:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania
5673:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania
5560:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania
5195:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania
4819:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania
4769:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania
4516:
provides a comprehensive analysis of the Romanian 1916 Campaign:
3935:
3810:
3802:
3771:
3590:
Back on the coast, Field Marshal Mackensen and Bulgarian General
3523:
3441:
3322:
3285:
2676:
2636:
2596:
2576:
2564:
10742:
Negotiations of Bulgaria with the Central Powers and the Entente
6750:
5403:
Keith Hitchins, Clarendon Press, 1994, Rumania 1866–1947, p. 269
4693:. History Associates, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1922. p. 254.
3946:, the assimilation of new military technology and night combat.
3867:
1419:
6581:
The Russian Army in the Great War: The Eastern Front, 1914–1917
5637:
Amintiri despre o flota pierduta – vol. II – Voiaje neterminate
4874:, published by Britannica Educational Publishing (2010), p. 219
4130:
4097:
3851:
3836:
3668:
3339:
3253:
3240:
in command of a multi-national force composed of the Bulgarian
2957:
2540:
remained under the control of the Romanian and Russian armies.
2424:
8451:
5180:
trans. F.A. Holt (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1927), 243.
10253:
7182:
5236:
Recent Themes in Military History: Historians in Conversation
4532:
summarized the end of the 1916 Romanian campaign as follows:
4110:
4057:
3404:
3387:
3230:
3205:
3019:
2924:
2552:
8252:
Recovery attempt of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and Hertsa
6184:
Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria–Hungary at War, 1914–1918
4253:
in Bucharest marks Romania's victory in the First World War.
3820:
was sunk on the Danube by a mine and one sailor was killed.
3598:. The Romanians and Russians were forced to withdraw out of
3012:, a private in the Austro-Hungarian Army, reached as far as
3008:, who also wrote valuable memoirs about his war experience.
5719:[German Seaplanes in Dobruja (1916–1918) / PHOTO].
3614:
in Bulgaria with an eye towards crossing the Danube river.
3511:
3090:
A demonstration in favour of Romania's entry in WWI on the
3013:
5581:Българската армия в Световната война 1915–1918, vol. VIII
4984:
The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914–1918
4395:
The Carpatho-Danubian region in 1914, before the start of
4295:
2704:
The Allies accepted the terms late in the summer of 1916 (
5385:
5361:
5337:
3823:
The remaining Russo-Romanian forces in Dobruja abandoned
2934:
Many novels have been written on this subject, including
2868:
6692:
6561:
Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf: Architect of the Apocalypse
6239:
Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf: Architect of the Apocalypse
5373:
3835:. On 23 January, they attempted to cross the marshes at
5626:
România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2, p. 830
5571:
România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2, p. 829
4334:
in Western Europe, a day which marked the start of the
3723:
briefly remained without a minelaying submarine, until
3138:
On the night of 27 August 1916, three Romanian armies (
2382:
eagerly bought its petroleum, as well as food exports.
6122:
Mark Axworthy, Cornel I. Scafeș, Cristian Crăciunoiu,
5291:
4830:Министерство на войната (1939), pp. 677 (in Bulgarian)
3629:), Falkenhayn concentrated his best troops (the elite
3526:. The Romanian army continued its retreat towards the
2555:, with Russia's withdrawal from the war following the
5717:"Hidroscalele germane în Dobrogea (1916–1918) / FOTO"
5349:
5308:
5306:
5150:
Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz and James Cooper,
5120:"Preliminaries of Romania's Entering the World War I"
4594:
Operations in Dobruja, 19 October to 11 November 1916
4357:
approved the act on 9 January 1919 at an assembly in
3974:, 72 long and 20 short de Bange 120 mm guns, 28
3157:), deployed according to the Romanian campaign plan (
2812:), and having a territorial interest in Dobruja, the
2599:
in April 1918. The parliament signed the treaty, but
11501:
Military operations of World War I involving Germany
8429:
2018 unification declarations in Moldova and Romania
5747:
United States Naval Institute Proceedings, Volume 64
5661:
Torpilorul SMEUL – un simbol al eroismului românilor
4885:
Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke : spravochnik
4848:Министерство на войната (1943), pp. 390–395, 870–873
4582:
Operations in Romania, November 1916 to January 1917
4570:
Central Powers counterattack, September–October 1916
4488:
11496:
Military operations of World War I involving France
11471:
Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire
5974:, vol. II, Telegraf Advertising, 2011 (in Romanian)
5270:
Rumania 1866–1947 (Oxford History of Modern Europe)
4691:
King's Complete History of the World War: 1914–1918
4133:. The offensive of the German Ninth Army, from the
2696:should start an offensive against Bulgaria and the
6018:The Romanian army during the world war (1916–1918)
5799:
5303:
4674:"Voluntari sârbi pe frontul românesc din Dobrogea"
3744:
3075:
3041:the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian state.
5779:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
5060:To Ride the Storm: The Story of the Airship R.101
4558:Romanian invasion of Austria-Hungary, August 1916
4082:began on 24 July 1917 at dawn, and took place in
3647:. On 11 November, then-Lieutenant Rommel led the
2784:poster, welcoming Romania's decision to join the
2646:The Kingdom of Romania was ruled by kings of the
2338:Preliminary Ukrainian-Soviet peace treaty (1918)
11461:Battles of World War I involving Austria-Hungary
11447:
8245:Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania
6522:(1998), pp. 306–308. Alfred A. Knopf Press.
6072:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
6057:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
6045:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
6030:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
5930:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
5913:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
5901:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
5515:
5114:
5112:
4980:
4479:in 1924, after consolidating the borders of the
3348:launched a torpedo at the Romanian torpedo boat
2587:who had recently declared independence from the
2323:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)
10624:
9428:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
7929:Independence and annexation of Northern Dobruja
6263:Erich Ludendorff, Harper & Brothers, 1919,
5998:Conway's All the world Fighting Ships 1906–1921
5835:Conway's All the World Fighting Ships 1906–1921
5232:
4217:, signed by the combatants on 9 December 1917.
3816:On 3 December, the Romanian river torpedo boat
3788:on 6 December by Falkenhayn's cavalry. General
3758:) and designated the recently promoted General
3659:After conquering the main Romanian sea port of
2931:and on the content of the Darnița Declaration.
8419:Centenary of the Great Union Anniversary Medal
7871:
6480:The West Point Atlas of American Wars – Vol. 2
6218:
5263:
4017:
3133:Proclamation by King Ferdinand, 28 August 1916
2836:
10610:
8467:
7845:
7117:
6736:
6067:
6065:
6040:
6038:
6014:Armata română în războiul mondial (1916–1918)
5925:
5923:
5921:
5896:
5894:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5109:
3546:and Hilmi Paşa observing the fighting around
2804:and the ineffective Allied operations on the
2543:After several defensive victories in 1917 at
1435:
1036:
8101:Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia
5749:, United States Naval Institute, 1938, p. 73
4263:Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia
4002:In January 1917, the Romanian river gunboat
3882:Romanian-made Negrei Model 1916 heavy mortar
3619:tactical defeats in the Southern Carpathians
3244:, a German brigade and two divisions of the
2701:imposed on Romania, failed to be respected.
2607:and on 10 November 1918, one day before the
9918:
8385:Day of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania
6662:(1920) focus on prewar economy and society
5167:Vinogradov, "The Years of Neutrality", 460.
4944:"Chapter Fourteen: War Aims and Neutrality"
3843:and by the actions of the Romanian cruiser
2575:and would lease all of its oil reserves to
2500:allied with Britain and France against the
11104:
10787:
10617:
10603:
8474:
8460:
7852:
7838:
7124:
7110:
6743:
6729:
6062:
6035:
5918:
5891:
5765:
5613:
5146:
5144:
4974:
3858:on 8 January, but an attempt to break the
3388:The counteroffensive of the Central Powers
3020:The Legion of Romanian Volunteers in Italy
2843:Romanian military equipment of World War I
2820:were willing to help fight the Romanians.
1442:
1428:
1043:
1029:
182:
11466:Battles of World War I involving Bulgaria
11150:
5784:
5482:
5094:
5092:
4039:, the actions of the Romanian Second and
2427:, and to cut off Germany's oil supplies.
210:
156:
11481:Battles of World War I involving Romania
11175:
10841:
9717:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
6557:
6391:
6375:King of Battle: Artillery in World War I
6343:
6111:Austro-Hungarian Warships of World War I
5970:Constantin Cumpănă, Corina Apostoleanu,
5859:Spencer Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts,
5635:Constantin Cumpănă, Corina Apostoleanu,
5453:Le vicende della Legione Romena d’Italia
5433:
5431:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5297:
5098:Zlata Filipovic and Melanie Challenger,
4872:World War I: People, Politics, and Power
4492:
4244:
4229:
4174:
4151:
4062:
3885:
3877:
3731:
3552:
3537:
3486:
3426:
3302:
3169:. On that same night, the torpedo boats
3085:
3023:
2878:
2776:
2762:
2726:
2630:
267:
249:
11486:Battles of World War I involving Russia
10094:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
8355:1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia
6640:The Romanian Battlefront in World War I
6543:(in Romanian). Sibiu: Editura Armanis.
6525:
6416:Romania during the years of World War I
6412:România în anii primului război mondial
6083:Raymond Stănescu, Cristian Crăciunoiu,
5957:Raymond Stănescu, Cristian Crăciunoiu,
5702:Raymond Stănescu, Cristian Crăciunoiu,
5545:Raymond Stănescu, Cristian Crăciunoiu,
5509:
5465:Legiunea Voluntarilor Români din Italia
5448:
5446:
5141:
4756:România în războiul mondial (1916–1919)
4296:Romania reenters the war, November 1918
4271:Second Romanian campaign of World War I
3329:. Russian reinforcements under General
2362:was neutral for the first two years of
75:1st phase: 27 August 1916–December 1917
14:
11448:
6482:; maps 37–40. Frederick Praeger Press.
6453:
6444:
6424:
6418:) (Bucharest, 1987), Editura Militară.
6372:
6326:
6317:
6181:
6085:Marina română în primul război mondial
5959:Marina română în primul război mondial
5704:Marina română în primul război mondial
5547:Marina română în primul război mondial
5391:
5379:
5367:
5355:
5343:
5312:
5089:
4941:
4904:
4368:Germany agreed under the terms of the
4225:
3572:-class gunboats (four), training ship
3440:, where occupation of the locality of
2911:held by the Russian Empire formed the
2869:Romanians in the Austro-Hungarian Army
11476:Campaigns and theatres of World War I
10598:
10047:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
9383:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
8455:
8156:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia
7924:Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia
7833:
7105:
6724:
6578:
6352:
6163:from the original on 25 February 2019
5428:
5318:
3740:leading his forces across the Danube.
3307:Romanian troops in Transylvania, 1916
1423:
1050:
1024:
10451:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
8072:Central Powers occupation of Romania
7814:
7131:
6536:
5737:, Periscope Publishing, 2002, p. 135
5443:
5208:Rumanian Review, Vol. 51, Issues 1–9
4671:
4345:, followed by the proclamation of a
3873:
3729:was commissioned in early December.
3698:. In November, the German submarine
3635:) in the south for an attack on the
3248:, whose units began arriving on the
3204:were captured, and the outskirts of
2442:At the outbreak of hostilities, the
10380:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
9174:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
5996:Roger Chesneau, N. J. M. Campbell,
5132:Carol I National Defence University
4353:, while the representatives of the
4209:in Russia and the beginning of the
3535:, these were largely unsuccessful.
3514:front, as well as the newly formed
24:
11326:
11315:Bulgarian administration in Kosovo
10771:
9113:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
6526:Pollard, Albert Frederick (1928).
6463:
6346:Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke
6148:
5762:, Modelism Publishing, 2003, p. 24
5735:The German Submarine War 1914–1918
5733:R.H. Gibson, Maurice Prendergast,
4347:Union of Transylvania with Romania
4306:Union of Transylvania with Romania
2929:Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia
2875:Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia
2658:, signed a secret treaty with the
25:
11517:
10752:Secret Bulgarian–German agreement
6666:
6186:. Basic Books. pp. 396–397.
6020:), Bucharest, 1936, vol. 4, p. 31
5983:René Greger, Anthony John Watts,
5861:World War I: Encyclopedia, Vol. 1
5152:The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828–1923
4821:, pp. 55, 139, 216, 221, 222, 223
4618:Diplomatic history of World War I
4489:Military analysis of the campaign
4343:union with the Kingdom of Romania
4145:until 12 August, then by General
2626:
1449:
11206:
11177:
11152:
11106:
10991:
10979:
10967:
10955:
10947:
10925:
10904:
10879:
10843:
10789:
9476:Second Battle of the Piave River
9098:Russian invasion of East Prussia
7956:
7861:
7813:
6650:The International History Review
6623:The International History Review
6529:A Short History of the Great War
6507:The International History Review
6478:Esposito, Vincent (ed.) (1959).
6333:Orrizonti Culturali Italo-Romeni
6295:
6283:
6270:
6265:Ludendorff's Own Story, Volume 1
6257:
6244:
6231:
6200:
6175:
5972:Amintiri despre o flotă pierdută
5944:lt.-colonel Alexandru Ioanițiu,
5688:[The Robănești Charge].
5516:Torrie, Glenn E. (Spring 1978).
4987:. A&C Black. pp. 150–.
4623:Romanian Navy during World War I
4599:
4587:
4575:
4563:
4551:
4468:
4448:
4432:
4420:
4404:
4388:
4267:Union of Bessarabia with Romania
4159:decorating soldiers at the front
3376:, together with the patrol boat
3300:, was only 1,000 km long).
3270:First Serbian Volunteer Division
2583:recognized Romania's union with
998:
983:
964:
947:
930:
919:
910:
901:
892:
883:
855:
846:
833:
824:
815:
806:
791:
782:
773:
764:
757:
738:
727:
716:
705:
694:
683:
671:
659:
647:
635:
619:
607:
594:
581:
570:
559:
548:
537:
526:
515:
496:
485:
473:
461:
450:
439:
428:
417:
406:
395:
384:
372:
361:
350:
338:
326:
315:
303:
291:
269:
251:
237:
225:
212:
197:
184:
171:
158:
52:
11506:Naval battles involving Romania
10547:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
9747:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
8481:
8173:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
8151:Great Romanian National Council
8123:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia
7934:Romanian annexation of Silistra
6672:Heppner, Harald, Gräf, Rudolf:
6447:Annales Universitatis Apulensis
6311:
6142:
6129:
6116:
6103:
6090:
6077:
6050:
6023:
6003:
6000:, Mayflower Books, 1979, p. 421
5990:
5977:
5964:
5951:
5935:
5906:
5878:
5866:
5853:
5840:
5827:
5793:
5752:
5740:
5727:
5709:
5696:
5678:
5665:
5654:
5642:
5629:
5604:
5595:
5586:
5574:
5565:
5552:
5539:
5491:
5470:
5458:
5419:
5406:
5397:
5257:
5226:
5213:
5200:
5183:
5170:
5161:
5072:
5053:
5040:
5027:
5014:
5001:
4935:
4908:Brief Romanian Military History
4898:
4877:
4864:
4851:
4842:
4833:
4824:
4811:
4808:24,200 dead and 72,400 wounded.
4639:
4606:Romanian front, 12 January 1917
3745:Battles on the Wallachian Plain
3641:Second Battle of the Jiu Valley
3617:In mid-November, after several
3506:, under the command of General
3076:Course of the Romanian campaign
2571:, all the Carpathian passes to
11456:Austria-Hungary in World War I
10370:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
10229:Deportations from East Prussia
10026:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
8116:Romanian occupation of Hungary
6250:John Buchan, T. Nelson, 1922,
5873:Warship International, Vol. 21
5649:Revista de istorie, Volume 40
5525:Emporia State Research Studies
5440:, Grecu, p. 1 (nr. de ordine).
4797:
4774:
4761:
4749:
4720:
4708:
4699:
4684:
4665:
4459:, which was never ratified by
3582:-class river monitors (four),
3568:-class torpedo boats (three),
3392:Overall command was now under
3357:crossed the Danube at Flămânda
2366:, entering on the side of the
2159:Battle for Kamianets-Podilskyi
77:2nd phase: 10–11 November 1918
13:
1:
10281:Ukrainian Canadian internment
6693:Turkey in the First World War
6434:Romanian Army Academy Journal
6360:. New York: Capricorn Books.
6226:Atlas of American Wars, Vol 2
5946:Războiul României (1916–1919)
5035:Atlas of American Wars, Vol 2
4942:Becker, Jean-Jacques (2012).
4659:
3557:Romanian Navy main warships:
3518:under the command of General
2675:fought on two fronts (one in
2516:, which is currently part of
10762:Bulgarian–Ottoman convention
10436:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
9735:Estonian War of Independence
9403:Southern Palestine offensive
8360:National Museum of the Union
8146:General Congress of Bukovina
7939:Conquest of Southern Dobruja
6458:(in Romanian) (37): 153–164.
6449:(in Romanian) (37): 101–111.
6212:World War I Document Archive
5985:The Russian Fleet, 1914–1917
5948:, Bucharest, vol. II, p. 283
5639:, 2011, Telegraf Advertising
5118:Laurențiu-Cristian Dumitru,
4220:
3952:Hotchkiss M1914 machine guns
3028:The Romanian Legion in Italy
2743:In 1915, Lieutenant-Colonel
2523:The Romanian campaign plan (
18:Romanian Front (World War I)
7:
11301:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
10626:Bulgaria during World War I
10390:USA against Austria-Hungary
9789:Turkish War of Independence
9741:Latvian War of Independence
9466:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
9057:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
7944:Treaty of Bucharest of 1916
6558:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2000).
6237:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2000).
5760:Romanian Navy Torpedo Boats
4611:
4093:Austro-Hungarian First Army
4018:1917 campaign and armistice
3190:Austro-Hungarian First Army
3049:, and the base camp in the
2837:Romanian armaments industry
2579:for 99 years. However, the
10:
11522:
10728:Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance
10473:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
10021:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
9481:Second Battle of the Marne
9368:Second battle of the Aisne
9237:Second Battle of Champagne
9078:German invasion of Belgium
8264:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
7408:Chief of the General Staff
6658:Great Britain. Admiralty.
6585:University Press of Kansas
6348:(in Russian). Spravochnik.
6322:(in Romanian) (1): 89–115.
6290:Istoria României, Vol. IV,
6182:Watson, Alexander (2014).
5477:Legiunea Română din Italia
5438:Legiunea Română din Italia
4948:A Companion to World War I
4413:Treaty of Bucharest (1916)
4299:
4259:Treaty of Bucharest (1918)
4256:
4069:Model 1912 105 mm howitzer
3984:Schneider-Putilov 152.4 mm
3942:up. Priority was given to
3818:Căpitan Valter Mărăcineanu
3586:minelayer and armed liners
3516:58th Cavalry Corps (z.b.V)
3079:
3002:Constantin Isopescu-Grecul
2872:
2840:
2671:keep both states neutral.
2370:from 27 August 1916 until
2333:Treaty of Bucharest (1918)
11072:Second battle of Monastir
11044:Battle of Florina (Lerin)
10632:
10579:
10538:
10459:
10398:
10360:
10304:
10293:
10254:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
10197:
10169:
10117:
10039:
10013:
9965:
9858:
9851:
9783:Irish War of Independence
9679:
9561:
9526:Armistice of Villa Giusti
9511:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
9436:
9338:
9265:
9166:
9123:First Battle of the Marne
9070:
9032:
8967:
8958:
8901:
8775:
8764:
8730:
8702:
8664:
8616:
8569:
8562:
8489:
8409:
8372:
8368:
8350:
8343:
8284:
8277:
8222:
8192:
8161:Declaration of Alba Iulia
8131:
8033:
8026:
7965:
7954:
7916:
7888:
7881:
7781:
7687:
7592:
7583:
7456:
7447:
7351:
7342:
7260:
7251:
7156:
7143:
7078:
6918:
6847:
6816:
6760:
6492:(1960), pp. 228–230.
6392:Mitrasca, Marcel (2007).
4981:Holger H. Herwig (2014).
4381:Hungarian Soviet Republic
3986:howitzers and 130 French
3976:Coventry 127 mm howitzers
3898:Moldavia's Gates, on the
3256:river and headed towards
2708:Treaty of Bucharest, 1916
2595:and voted for union with
2437:military training mission
2238:Assault on Chongar Bridge
2118:Battle of Bobruysk (1918)
1989:Second Brusilov offensive
1459:
1062:
1014:
1009:Total: 595,000 casualties
941:Total: 338,000 casualties
876:
750:
508:
284:
150:
66:
51:
39:
34:
11376:Georgi Todorov (general)
11320:Anti-military propaganda
11024:Kosovo offensive (1915)
10898:Louis Franchet d'Espèrey
10709:Treaty of Constantinople
10406:Constantinople Agreement
9699:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
9562:Co-belligerent conflicts
9531:Second Romanian campaign
9501:Third Transjordan attack
9212:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
9118:Battle of Grand Couronné
8333:Unification with Romania
8257:Transnistria Governorate
8106:Second Romanian campaign
7435:Unification with Moldova
7356:Administrative divisions
6373:Marble, Sanders (2018).
6344:Erlikman, Vadim (2004).
6303:Romania and World War I,
5533:Emporia State University
5233:Marcel Mitrasca (2007).
5191:Indiana University Press
5178:Out of My Life, Vol. I,
5080:The Great War: 1914–1918
4946:. In Horne, John (ed.).
4883:Erlikman, Vadim (2004).
4633:
3665:Second Battle of Cobadin
3596:Second Battle of Cobadin
3006:Octavian Codru Tăslăuanu
2950:Lieutenant field marshal
2913:Romanian Volunteer Corps
2739:magazine, November 1915)
2650:from 1866. In 1883, the
2282:Romanian Campaign (1918)
2060:Romanian Campaign (1917)
1994:Romanian campaign (1916)
1766:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
927:1 river monitor disabled
122:victory (November 1918)
11351:Aleksandar Stamboliyski
11266:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
11084:Battle of Skra-di-Legen
11064:Second battle of Doiran
10747:Bulgarian–German treaty
10469:Modus vivendi of Acroma
10421:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
9729:Greater Poland Uprising
9629:National Protection War
9506:Meuse–Argonne offensive
9456:German spring offensive
9451:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
9227:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
9202:Second Battle of Artois
9083:Battle of the Frontiers
8397:(Romanian national day)
8269:Moscow Protocol of 1948
8210:Union with Transylvania
8045:First Romanian war plan
6644:excerpt and text search
6633:Romania and World War I
6327:Damian, Stefan (2012).
6278:Romania and World War I
6098:Gunboats of World War I
5846:Frederick Thomas Jane,
5686:"Șarja de la Robănești"
5275:Oxford University Press
3997:Henri Mathias Berthelot
3993:French military mission
3342:, the German submarine
3336:First Battle of Cobadin
3055:Legione Romena d'Italia
3000:) and Imperial Adviser
2898:Austro-Hungarian Empire
2656:Carol I of Hohenzollern
2462:because the attacks on
2444:Austro-Hungarian Empire
2328:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
1521:East Prussia war crimes
1410:Romania rejoins the war
588:Constantinople Flotilla
103:victory (December 1917)
11491:Romania in World War I
11331:
11092:Third battle of Doiran
11040:First battle of Doiran
10776:
10494:Paris Peace Conference
10482:Ukraine–Central Powers
10276:Massacres of Albanians
10244:Late Ottoman genocides
10051:Bulgarian occupations
9759:Third Anglo-Afghan War
9723:Hungarian–Romanian War
9541:Naval Victory Bulletin
9536:Armistice with Germany
9486:Hundred Days Offensive
9413:Battle of La Malmaison
9363:Second battle of Arras
9330:Battle of Transylvania
9184:Second Battle of Ypres
9052:Sarajevo assassination
8941:South African Republic
8111:Hungarian–Romanian War
8079:1917 Romanian Campaign
8055:Battle of Transylvania
8050:1916 Romanian Campaign
7973:Ferdinand I of Romania
7872:
7541:Science and technology
6660:A Handbook of Roumania
6087:, p. 215 (in Romanian)
5961:, p. 196 (in Romanian)
5706:, p. 199 (in Romanian)
5206:Europolis Pub., 1996,
4905:Hentea, Călin (2007).
4728:"Campaigns: Macedonia"
4649:in Siberia during the
4539:
4527:
4498:
4336:Hungarian–Romanian War
4310:Hungarian–Romanian War
4254:
4242:
4183:
4160:
4075:
3894:
3883:
3827:on 4 January 1917 and
3741:
3688:Hansa-Brandenburg W.12
3587:
3550:
3495:
3432:
3308:
3163:Battle of Transylvania
3130:
3098:
3070:Hungarian–Romanian War
3029:
2946:Feldmarschall-leutnant
2892:
2834:
2788:
2774:
2740:
2643:
2374:occupation led to the
1087:Petroșani (offensive)
345:A. A. von Straußenburg
285:Commanders and leaders
127:Treaties of Versailles
35:Romania in World War I
27:Role of Romania in WWI
11356:Aleksandar Protogerov
11330:
11291:Armistice of Salonica
10775:
10504:Treaty of St. Germain
10477:Russia–Central Powers
10431:Sykes–Picot Agreement
10259:Pontic Greek genocide
10234:Destruction of Kalisz
10210:Eastern Mediterranean
9771:Polish–Lithuanian War
9553:Armistice of Belgrade
9516:Armistice of Salonica
9446:Operation Faustschlag
9393:Third Battle of Oituz
9315:Baranovichi offensive
9283:Lake Naroch offensive
9257:Battle of Robat Karim
9232:Vistula–Bug offensive
9207:Battles of the Isonzo
9138:First Battle of Ypres
8309:Transnistria conflict
8200:Union with Bessarabia
8094:Third Battle of Oituz
7325:Territorial evolution
7208:United Principalities
6755:by region and country
6579:Stone, David (2015).
6425:Părean, Ioan (2002).
6396:. Algora Publishing.
5848:Jane's Fighting Ships
5758:Cristian Crăciunoiu,
5690:Enciclopedia României
5549:, p. 73 (in Romanian)
5503:www.firstworldwar.com
5176:Paul von Hindenburg,
5156:Naval Institute Press
5082:, 2nd ed. (New York:
4857:Erickson, Edward J.
4534:
4518:
4496:
4322:After the successful
4281:Alexandru Marghiloman
4257:Further information:
4248:
4235:Alexandru Marghiloman
4233:
4178:
4155:
4127:Third Battle of Oituz
4066:
3889:
3881:
3850:at the mouths of the
3735:
3715:. This could only be
3684:Friedrichshafen FF.33
3680:Friedrichshafen FF.33
3556:
3541:
3490:
3430:
3306:
3246:Ottoman VI Army Corps
3225:the west bank of the
3101:
3089:
3027:
2882:
2829:
2780:
2766:
2730:
2648:House of Hohenzollern
2634:
1984:Baranovichi offensive
1565:Halich-Lviv offensive
877:Casualties and losses
11361:August von Mackensen
11270:Armistice of Focșani
11191:Andrei Zayonchkovski
11088:Battle of Dobro Pole
10499:Treaty of Versailles
10215:Mount Lebanon famine
10130:in the United States
10098:Russian occupations
9812:Turkish–Armenian War
9753:Polish–Ukrainian War
9693:Ukrainian–Soviet War
9640:Central Asian Revolt
9423:Armistice of Focșani
9153:Battle of Sarikamish
9103:Battle of Tannenberg
8499:Military engagements
8062:The Romanian Debacle
7901:Romanian irredentism
7896:Romanian nationalism
7769:World Heritage Sites
6655:, 3 (1992): 452–461.
6628:, 3 (1992): 462–479.
6512:, 3 (1992): 441–451.
6475:(Indiana U.P., 2013)
6354:Falls, Cyril Bentham
6208:"Articles 248 – 263"
5987:, Allan, 1972, p. 61
5884:Michael B. Barrett,
5790:Baldwin 1962, p. 85.
5675:(Indiana U.P., 2013)
5671:Michael B. Barrett,
5558:Michael B. Barrett,
5467:, Bușe, 2007, p. 12.
5189:Michael B. Barrett,
4952:Blackwell Publishing
4817:Michael B. Barrett,
4767:Michael B. Barrett,
4441:Armistice of Focșani
4379:and the fall of the
4370:Treaty of Versailles
4355:Transylvanian Saxons
4143:Constantin Cristescu
4135:Army Group Mackensen
4098:Russian High Command
3956:Vickers machine guns
3790:August von Mackensen
3453:area, especially at
3422:Romanian Fourth Army
3394:Erich von Falkenhayn
3331:Andrei Zaionchkovsky
3238:August von Mackensen
3219:Erich von Falkenhayn
2941:Forest of the Hanged
2798:Erich von Falkenhayn
2534:Romanian Old Kingdom
2287:Anti-Hetman Uprising
1772:Gorlice breakthrough
1276:The Romanian Debacle
1220:Southern Carpathians
1004:2 torpedo boats sunk
938:1 aircraft destroyed
925:1 river monitor sunk
723:1st Serbian Division
480:Andrei Zayonchkovski
357:Franz Rohr von Denta
310:August von Mackensen
298:Erich von Falkenhayn
109:Armistice of Focșani
62:battlefield in 1917.
11274:Treaty of Bucharest
11251:Battle of Bucharest
11231:Battle of Turtucaia
11020:Ovče Pole Offensive
10873:Pavle Jurišić Šturm
10704:Treaty of Bucharest
10655:• Outcome • Others
10641:South-western front
10566:They shall not pass
10489:Treaty of Bucharest
10446:Treaty of Bucharest
10385:USA against Germany
10362:Declarations of war
10066:German occupations
9979:British casualties
9838:Soviet–Georgian War
9765:Egyptian Revolution
9705:Armeno-Georgian War
9569:Somaliland campaign
9521:Armistice of Mudros
9398:Battle of Caporetto
9388:Battle of Mărășești
9358:Zimmermann telegram
9353:February Revolution
9298:Battle of the Somme
9222:Bug-Narew Offensive
9197:Battle of Gallipoli
9189:Sinking of the RMS
8981:Scramble for Africa
8975:Franco-Prussian War
8631:Sinai and Palestine
8294:Republic of Moldova
8235:Second Vienna Award
8205:Union with Bukovina
8089:Battle of Mărășești
8067:Battle of Bucharest
7178:Prehistoric Romania
6608:(1976–79): 174–191.
6537:Popa, Ioan (2019).
6520:The First World War
6502:(Oxford UP, (1994).
6470:Barrett, Michael B.
5394:, pp. 343–349.
5370:, pp. 153–164.
5346:, pp. 101–111.
5078:Ian F. W. Beckett,
5048:The First World War
4672:Căplescu, Romulus.
4457:Treaty of Bucharest
4277:Treaty of Bucharest
4239:Treaty of Bucharest
4226:Treaty of Bucharest
4165:Battle of Mărășești
3988:58mm trench mortars
3928:Battle of Bucharest
3900:Eastern Carpathians
3779:, in which the 2nd
3756:Battle of Bucharest
3752:Battle of the Argeș
3533:Battle of Robănești
3482:Ecaterina Teodoroiu
3478:Battle of Târgu Jiu
3266:Battle of Turtucaia
3211:Battle of the Somme
2825:Paul von Hindenburg
2745:Christopher Thomson
2605:Treaty of Bucharest
2561:Treaty of Bucharest
2376:Treaty of Bucharest
2171:The Battle of Irpin
2147:Battle of Berdychiv
2016:February Revolution
1865:Dniestr–Zolota Lypa
1403:Treaty of Bucharest
1252:Eastern Carpathians
468:Dmitry Shcherbachev
379:Mustafa Hilmi Pasha
114:Treaty of Bucharest
58:Romanian troops at
11431:Todor Kantardzhiev
11401:Konstantin Zhostov
11386:Kliment Boyadzhiev
11346:Aleksandar Malinov
11332:
11278:Protocol of Berlin
11243:Flămânda Offensive
11235:Battle of Bazargic
11170:Alexandru Averescu
11133:Todor Kantardzhiev
11052:Monastir offensive
11028:Battle of Krivolak
10936:Panagiotis Danglis
10894:Adolphe Guillaumat
10808:Kliment Boyadzhiev
10777:
10658:Important persons
10526:Treaty of Lausanne
10441:Paris Economy Pact
10375:UK against Germany
10305:Entry into the war
10271:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
9990:Ottoman casualties
9800:Franco-Turkish War
9680:Post-War conflicts
9664:Russian Revolution
9646:Invasion of Darfur
9611:Kelantan rebellion
9599:Kurdish rebellions
9575:Mexican Revolution
9408:October Revolution
9373:Kerensky offensive
9348:Capture of Baghdad
9325:Monastir offensive
9310:Brusilov offensive
9148:Battle of Kolubara
8987:Russo-Japanese War
8401:Trianon Treaty Day
8003:Alexandru Averescu
7993:Ion I. C. Brătianu
7561:Telecommunications
7476:Foreign investment
7295:Historical regions
6709:History of Romania
6705:Kingdom of Romania
6618:, 1 (1980): 27–43.
6410:Multiple authors.
6224:Vincent Esposito,
6012:Dabija, Gheorghe,
5801:Michael S. Neiberg
5412:Cazacu, Gheorghe;
5382:, pp. 89–115.
5125:2020-10-29 at the
5033:Vincent Esposito,
4786:2017-02-27 at the
4628:Romanian Air Corps
4543:Salonika Offensive
4508:In his 1922 book,
4499:
4255:
4243:
4207:October Revolution
4184:
4161:
4103:Alexandru Averescu
4076:
4033:Kerensky Offensive
3980:St. Chamond 155 mm
3921:universal suffrage
3917:Ion I. C. Brătianu
3895:
3884:
3742:
3588:
3551:
3520:Egon von Schmettow
3496:
3433:
3314:Flămânda Offensive
3309:
3274:Battle of Bazargic
3215:Brusilov Offensive
3118:hopes and dreams.
3099:
3030:
2893:
2810:Salonica campaigns
2789:
2775:
2741:
2717:Brusilov offensive
2644:
2593:October Revolution
2557:October Revolution
2405:Carol I of Romania
2360:Kingdom of Romania
2082:October Revolution
2038:Tarnopol-Offensive
2021:Kerensky offensive
1951:Brusilov offensive
1713:2nd Masurian Lakes
1582:Galicia war crimes
1516:1st Masurian Lakes
1322:Pitești–Târgoviște
1173:Orșova (offensive)
413:Alexandru Averescu
11443:
11442:
11438:
11437:
11195:Vladimir Sakharov
11166:Constantin Prezan
10932:Kingdom of Greece
10699:Second Balkan War
10592:
10591:
10575:
10574:
10559:The Golden Virgin
10553:Mutilated victory
10534:
10533:
10514:Treaty of Trianon
10509:Treaty of Neuilly
10416:Damascus Protocol
10289:
10288:
10249:Armenian genocide
10206:Allied blockades
10178:Belgian refugees
9961:
9960:
9871:Strategic bombing
9847:
9846:
9832:Franco-Syrian War
9806:Greco-Turkish War
9794:Anglo-Turkish War
9777:Polish–Soviet War
9711:German Revolution
9687:Russian Civil War
9670:Finnish Civil War
9496:Battle of Megiddo
9471:Battle of Goychay
9418:Battle of Cambrai
9378:Battle of Mărăști
9293:Battle of Jutland
9273:Erzurum offensive
9128:Siege of Przemyśl
9108:Siege of Tsingtao
9093:Battle of Galicia
9023:Second Balkan War
9011:Italo-Turkish War
8968:Pre-War conflicts
8954:
8953:
8844:Portuguese Empire
8760:
8759:
8722:German New Guinea
8704:Asian and Pacific
8449:
8448:
8445:
8444:
8441:
8440:
8437:
8436:
8326:Gagauzia conflict
8240:Treaty of Craiova
8218:
8217:
8178:Treaty of Trianon
8168:Directing Council
8084:Battle of Mărăști
7952:
7951:
7827:
7826:
7777:
7776:
7579:
7578:
7443:
7442:
7420:Political parties
7371:Foreign relations
7338:
7337:
7233:Communist Romania
7193:Early Middle Ages
7099:
7098:
6808:Southern Rhodesia
6803:South West Africa
6638:Torrey, Glenn E.
6631:Torrey, Glenn E.
6550:978-606-9006-60-3
6500:Rumania 1866–1947
6403:978-0-87586-184-5
6384:978-90-04-30524-3
6228:, text for map 40
6193:978-0-4650-9488-2
5833:Robert Gardiner,
5241:Algora Publishing
5037:, text for map 37
5007:Marcel Mitrasca,
4994:978-1-4725-1081-5
4893:978-5-93165-107-1
4651:Russian Civil War
4481:Treaty of Trianon
4314:Treaty of Trianon
4215:Focșani Armistice
4211:Russian Civil War
4147:Eremia Grigorescu
4080:Battle of Mărăști
4073:Battle of Mărăști
3972:Puteaux 75mm guns
3874:Romanian recovery
3760:Constantin Prezan
3621:(Bran-Câmpulung,
3584:Alexandru cel Bun
2889:Medal for Bravery
2802:Kingdom of Serbia
2482:Romanian campaign
2353:
2352:
2004:Christmas Battles
1740:2nd Vistula River
1606:Laski and Anielin
1600:1st Vistula River
1417:
1416:
1082:Sibiu (offensive)
1054:Romanian Campaign
1019:
1018:
492:Milenko Milićević
457:Vladimir Sakharov
424:Eremia Grigorescu
402:Constantin Prezan
322:Johannes von Eben
146:
145:
16:(Redirected from
11513:
11416:Panteley Kiselov
11406:Krastyu Zlatarev
11341:Vasil Radoslavov
11211:
11210:
11187:
11183:
11181:
11180:
11162:
11158:
11156:
11155:
11125:Panteley Kiselov
11116:
11112:
11110:
11109:
11048:Struma operation
11016:Morava Offensive
10996:
10995:
10984:
10983:
10972:
10971:
10960:
10959:
10952:
10951:
10931:
10929:
10928:
10910:
10908:
10907:
10885:
10883:
10882:
10865:Stepa Stepanović
10853:
10849:
10847:
10846:
10799:
10795:
10793:
10792:
10694:Treaty of London
10680:First Balkan War
10648:Macedonian front
10644:Serbian campaign
10635:
10634:
10619:
10612:
10605:
10596:
10595:
10519:Treaty of Sèvres
10411:Treaty of London
10302:
10301:
10080:Northeast France
10011:
10010:
9983:Parliamentarians
9916:
9915:
9878:Chemical weapons
9856:
9855:
9617:Senussi campaign
9587:Muscat rebellion
9581:Maritz rebellion
9549:
9491:Vardar offensive
9320:Battle of Romani
9288:Battle of Asiago
9278:Battle of Verdun
9242:Kosovo offensive
9017:First Balkan War
8965:
8964:
8864:Russian Republic
8773:
8772:
8567:
8566:
8509:Economic history
8476:
8469:
8462:
8453:
8452:
8370:
8369:
8348:
8347:
8314:Transnistria War
8282:
8281:
8223:Disestablishment
8132:Institutions and
8031:
8030:
7983:Marie of Romania
7960:
7886:
7885:
7875:
7866:
7865:
7854:
7847:
7840:
7831:
7830:
7817:
7816:
7797:
7790:
7669:Social structure
7590:
7589:
7526:
7491:Great Depression
7454:
7453:
7349:
7348:
7258:
7257:
7203:Early Modern Era
7126:
7119:
7112:
7103:
7102:
6745:
6738:
6731:
6722:
6721:
6603:Rumanian Studies
6598:
6575:
6554:
6533:
6459:
6450:
6441:
6431:
6421:
6407:
6388:
6369:
6349:
6340:
6323:
6306:
6299:
6293:
6287:
6281:
6274:
6268:
6261:
6255:
6248:
6242:
6235:
6229:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6204:
6198:
6197:
6179:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6168:
6162:
6155:
6146:
6140:
6133:
6127:
6120:
6114:
6107:
6101:
6094:
6088:
6081:
6075:
6069:
6060:
6054:
6048:
6042:
6033:
6027:
6021:
6011:
6007:
6001:
5994:
5988:
5981:
5975:
5968:
5962:
5955:
5949:
5943:
5939:
5933:
5927:
5916:
5910:
5904:
5898:
5889:
5882:
5876:
5870:
5864:
5857:
5851:
5844:
5838:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5811:Brill Publishers
5797:
5791:
5788:
5782:
5776:
5763:
5756:
5750:
5744:
5738:
5731:
5725:
5724:
5713:
5707:
5700:
5694:
5693:
5682:
5676:
5669:
5663:
5658:
5652:
5646:
5640:
5633:
5627:
5624:
5611:
5608:
5602:
5599:
5593:
5590:
5584:
5578:
5572:
5569:
5563:
5556:
5550:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5522:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5495:
5489:
5486:
5480:
5474:
5468:
5462:
5456:
5450:
5441:
5435:
5426:
5423:
5417:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5395:
5389:
5383:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5353:
5347:
5341:
5335:
5329:
5316:
5310:
5301:
5295:
5289:
5288:
5261:
5255:
5254:
5230:
5224:
5217:
5211:
5204:
5198:
5187:
5181:
5174:
5168:
5165:
5159:
5148:
5139:
5130:Bulletin of the
5116:
5107:
5104:Doubleday Canada
5096:
5087:
5076:
5070:
5057:
5051:
5044:
5038:
5031:
5025:
5018:
5012:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4902:
4896:
4881:
4875:
4868:
4862:
4855:
4849:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4822:
4815:
4809:
4801:
4795:
4781:Unde nu se trece
4778:
4772:
4765:
4759:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4734:. Archived from
4724:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4703:
4697:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4669:
4654:
4643:
4603:
4591:
4579:
4567:
4555:
4530:Erich Ludendorff
4472:
4461:King Ferdinand I
4452:
4436:
4424:
4408:
4392:
4328:Macedonian front
4324:Vardar Offensive
4121:valleys towards
3161:), launched the
3156:
3134:
2998:Locotenent-Major
2978:Gheorghe Flondor
2909:Prisoners of war
2887:was awarded the
2863:Ștefan Burileanu
2615:and advanced in
2613:Macedonian front
2609:German armistice
2538:Western Moldavia
2514:Southern Dobruja
2484:was part of the
2396:At the start of
2346:
2246:
2227:
2219:Battle for Izyum
2215:
2203:
2179:
2167:
2155:
2143:
2103:Battle of Galați
2046:
1914:
1882:Strypa offensive
1697:
1689:Kozevo offensive
1623:2nd East Prussia
1578:
1475:1st East Prussia
1454:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1421:
1420:
1398:Treaty of Buftea
1057:
1055:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1003:
1002:
988:
987:
969:
968:
952:
951:
936:1 submarine sunk
935:
934:
924:
923:
915:
914:
906:
905:
897:
896:
888:
887:
870:
860:
859:
851:
850:
838:
837:
829:
828:
820:
819:
811:
810:
796:
795:
787:
786:
778:
777:
769:
768:
762:
761:
743:
742:
732:
731:
721:
720:
710:
709:
708:
699:
698:
688:
687:
676:
675:
674:
664:
663:
652:
651:
640:
639:
638:
624:
623:
622:
612:
611:
610:
599:
598:
586:
585:
575:
574:
564:
563:
553:
552:
542:
541:
531:
530:
520:
519:
501:
500:
490:
489:
482:
478:
477:
476:
466:
465:
464:
455:
454:
453:
444:
443:
433:
432:
422:
421:
411:
410:
400:
399:
389:
388:
377:
376:
366:
365:
355:
354:
347:
343:
342:
331:
330:
320:
319:
312:
308:
307:
296:
295:
280:
279:
275:
273:
272:
261:
257:
255:
254:
245:Russian Republic
243:
241:
240:
230:
229:
228:
222:
218:
216:
215:
203:
201:
200:
194:
190:
188:
187:
177:
175:
174:
168:
164:
162:
161:
104:
78:
68:
67:
56:
32:
31:
21:
11521:
11520:
11516:
11515:
11514:
11512:
11511:
11510:
11446:
11445:
11444:
11439:
11258:
11221:
11205:
11202:
11178:
11176:
11173:
11153:
11151:
11107:
11105:
11101:
11006:
10990:
10978:
10966:
10954:
10946:
10943:
10926:
10924:
10922:
10905:
10903:
10901:
10890:Maurice Sarrail
10880:
10878:
10876:
10844:
10842:
10790:
10788:
10784:
10717:
10669:
10642:
10628:
10623:
10593:
10588:
10571:
10530:
10462:
10455:
10426:Treaty of Darin
10394:
10356:
10312:Austria-Hungary
10298:
10285:
10266:Rape of Belgium
10193:
10165:
10113:
10107:Western Armenia
10102:Eastern Galicia
10035:
10009:
9973:
9972:Civilian impact
9971:
9957:
9914:
9843:
9675:
9605:Ovambo Uprising
9557:
9543:
9432:
9334:
9261:
9179:Battle of Łomża
9162:
9158:Christmas truce
9133:Race to the Sea
9066:
9028:
8950:
8921:Austria-Hungary
8897:
8832:Empire of Japan
8769:
8767:
8756:
8740:U-boat campaign
8726:
8698:
8660:
8612:
8558:
8539:Popular culture
8485:
8480:
8450:
8433:
8424:Centenary March
8405:
8395:Great Union Day
8364:
8339:
8321:Gagauz Republic
8273:
8214:
8188:
8183:Treaty of Paris
8133:
8127:
8036:
8022:
7961:
7948:
7912:
7906:Greater Romania
7877:
7860:
7858:
7828:
7823:
7800:
7793:
7786:
7773:
7683:
7637:Public holidays
7575:
7536:Property bubble
7524:
7439:
7398:Law enforcement
7334:
7315:Protected areas
7247:
7223:Greater Romania
7152:
7139:
7130:
7100:
7095:
7074:
6931:Austria-Hungary
6914:
6843:
6812:
6756:
6749:
6719:
6713:Greater Romania
6699:
6669:
6595:
6572:
6551:
6496:Hitchins, Keith
6466:
6464:Further reading
6436:(in Romanian).
6429:
6419:
6404:
6385:
6320:Astra Salvensis
6314:
6309:
6300:
6296:
6288:
6284:
6275:
6271:
6262:
6258:
6249:
6245:
6236:
6232:
6223:
6219:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6194:
6180:
6176:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6153:
6147:
6143:
6134:
6130:
6121:
6117:
6108:
6104:
6096:Angus Konstam,
6095:
6091:
6082:
6078:
6070:
6063:
6055:
6051:
6043:
6036:
6028:
6024:
6009:
6008:
6004:
5995:
5991:
5982:
5978:
5969:
5965:
5956:
5952:
5941:
5940:
5936:
5928:
5919:
5911:
5907:
5899:
5892:
5883:
5879:
5871:
5867:
5858:
5854:
5845:
5841:
5832:
5828:
5821:
5813:. p. 156.
5798:
5794:
5789:
5785:
5777:
5766:
5757:
5753:
5745:
5741:
5732:
5728:
5715:
5714:
5710:
5701:
5697:
5684:
5683:
5679:
5670:
5666:
5659:
5655:
5647:
5643:
5634:
5630:
5625:
5614:
5609:
5605:
5600:
5596:
5591:
5587:
5579:
5575:
5570:
5566:
5557:
5553:
5544:
5540:
5520:
5514:
5510:
5497:
5496:
5492:
5487:
5483:
5475:
5471:
5463:
5459:
5455:, Baratto, 2011
5451:
5444:
5436:
5429:
5424:
5420:
5411:
5407:
5402:
5398:
5390:
5386:
5378:
5374:
5366:
5362:
5358:, pp. 1–5.
5354:
5350:
5342:
5338:
5330:
5319:
5311:
5304:
5296:
5292:
5285:
5277:. p. 265.
5262:
5258:
5251:
5231:
5227:
5218:
5214:
5205:
5201:
5188:
5184:
5175:
5171:
5166:
5162:
5149:
5142:
5127:Wayback Machine
5117:
5110:
5097:
5090:
5077:
5073:
5058:
5054:
5045:
5041:
5032:
5028:
5019:
5015:
5006:
5002:
4995:
4979:
4975:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4954:. p. 208.
4940:
4936:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4915:. p. 102.
4913:Scarecrow Press
4903:
4899:
4882:
4878:
4869:
4865:
4856:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4838:
4834:
4829:
4825:
4816:
4812:
4802:
4798:
4788:Wayback Machine
4779:
4775:
4766:
4762:
4758:, vol. I, p. 58
4754:
4750:
4741:
4739:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4713:
4709:
4704:
4700:
4689:
4685:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4657:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4614:
4607:
4604:
4595:
4592:
4583:
4580:
4571:
4568:
4559:
4556:
4491:
4484:
4477:Greater Romania
4473:
4464:
4453:
4444:
4437:
4428:
4425:
4416:
4409:
4400:
4393:
4320:
4302:Greater Romania
4300:Main articles:
4298:
4273:
4251:Arcul de Triumf
4228:
4223:
4125:and Adjud (the
4020:
3995:led by General
3876:
3747:
3493:Turnu Roșu Pass
3390:
3150:
3136:
3132:
3084:
3078:
3066:Vittorio Veneto
3022:
2877:
2871:
2845:
2839:
2733:Greater Romania
2660:Triple Alliance
2652:King of Romania
2629:
2573:Austria-Hungary
2506:Austria-Hungary
2356:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2340:
2240:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2173:
2161:
2149:
2137:
2070:Kornilov affair
2040:
1908:
1691:
1572:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1384:
1178:Băile Herculane
1058:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1007:
1005:
997:
996:
994:
992:
982:
963:
962:
961:80,000 captured
960:
959:120,000 wounded
958:
956:
946:
939:
937:
929:
928:
926:
918:
917:
909:
908:
900:
899:
891:
890:
882:
865:
854:
853:
845:
844:
840:
832:
831:
823:
822:
814:
813:
805:
804:
790:
789:
781:
780:
772:
771:
763:
756:
737:
736:
726:
725:
715:
714:
706:
704:
703:
693:
692:
682:
672:
670:
658:
646:
636:
634:
620:
618:
608:
606:
593:
580:
579:
577:Danube Flotilla
569:
568:
558:
557:
547:
546:
536:
535:
525:
524:
514:
503:Henri Berthelot
495:
494:
484:
483:
474:
472:
471:
470:
462:
460:
459:
451:
449:
448:
438:
437:
427:
426:
416:
415:
405:
404:
394:
393:
383:
371:
370:
360:
359:
349:
348:
337:
336:
335:
325:
324:
314:
313:
302:
301:
300:
290:
270:
268:
266:
262:
252:
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238:
236:
235:
226:
224:
223:
213:
211:
209:
198:
196:
195:
185:
183:
181:
179:Austria-Hungary
172:
170:
169:
159:
157:
99:
90:
76:
74:
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11519:
11509:
11508:
11503:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11478:
11473:
11468:
11463:
11458:
11441:
11440:
11436:
11435:
11434:
11433:
11428:
11426:Stefan Nerezov
11423:
11418:
11413:
11408:
11403:
11398:
11393:
11391:Dimitar Geshov
11388:
11383:
11378:
11373:
11371:Vladimir Vazov
11368:
11363:
11358:
11353:
11348:
11343:
11338:
11324:
11323:
11322:
11317:
11304:
11303:
11298:
11296:Vladaya revolt
11293:
11254:
11247:Second Cobadin
11217:
11216:
11215:
11198:
11097:
11095:
11002:
11001:
11000:
10988:
10976:
10964:
10939:
10911:United Kingdom
10857:Radomir Putnik
10828:Vladimir Vazov
10824:Stefan Nerezov
10816:Georgi Todorov
10812:Dimitar Geshov
10780:
10778:
10770:
10769:
10764:
10759:
10754:
10749:
10744:
10731:
10730:
10713:
10712:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10696:
10683:
10682:
10663:
10660:
10659:
10656:
10653:Romanian front
10650:
10639:
10633:
10630:
10629:
10622:
10621:
10614:
10607:
10599:
10590:
10589:
10587:
10586:
10580:
10577:
10576:
10573:
10572:
10570:
10569:
10562:
10555:
10550:
10542:
10540:
10536:
10535:
10532:
10531:
10529:
10528:
10523:
10522:
10521:
10516:
10511:
10506:
10501:
10491:
10486:
10485:
10484:
10479:
10471:
10465:
10463:
10461:Peace treaties
10460:
10457:
10456:
10454:
10453:
10448:
10443:
10438:
10433:
10428:
10423:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10402:
10400:
10396:
10395:
10393:
10392:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10366:
10364:
10358:
10357:
10355:
10354:
10349:
10347:United Kingdom
10344:
10339:
10337:Ottoman Empire
10334:
10329:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10308:
10306:
10299:
10294:
10291:
10290:
10287:
10286:
10284:
10283:
10278:
10273:
10268:
10263:
10262:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10241:
10239:Sack of Dinant
10236:
10231:
10226:
10225:
10224:
10219:
10218:
10217:
10203:
10201:
10195:
10194:
10192:
10191:
10190:
10189:
10187:United Kingdom
10184:
10175:
10173:
10167:
10166:
10164:
10163:
10162:
10161:
10156:
10147:
10141:POW locations
10139:
10134:
10133:
10132:
10123:
10121:
10115:
10114:
10112:
10111:
10110:
10109:
10104:
10096:
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10077:
10072:
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10063:
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10057:
10049:
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10037:
10036:
10034:
10033:
10028:
10023:
10017:
10015:
10008:
10007:
10006:
10005:
10000:
9992:
9987:
9986:
9985:
9976:
9974:
9966:
9963:
9962:
9959:
9958:
9956:
9955:
9950:
9949:
9948:
9941:United Kingdom
9938:
9936:Ottoman Empire
9933:
9928:
9922:
9920:
9913:
9912:
9910:Trench warfare
9907:
9906:
9905:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9874:
9873:
9862:
9860:
9853:
9849:
9848:
9845:
9844:
9842:
9841:
9835:
9829:
9823:
9817:
9816:
9815:
9809:
9803:
9797:
9786:
9780:
9774:
9768:
9762:
9756:
9750:
9744:
9738:
9732:
9726:
9720:
9714:
9708:
9702:
9696:
9690:
9683:
9681:
9677:
9676:
9674:
9673:
9667:
9661:
9655:
9649:
9643:
9637:
9631:
9626:
9623:Volta-Bani War
9620:
9614:
9608:
9602:
9596:
9590:
9584:
9578:
9572:
9565:
9563:
9559:
9558:
9556:
9555:
9550:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9461:Zeebrugge Raid
9458:
9453:
9448:
9442:
9440:
9434:
9433:
9431:
9430:
9425:
9420:
9415:
9410:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9344:
9342:
9336:
9335:
9333:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9307:
9306:
9305:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9269:
9267:
9263:
9262:
9260:
9259:
9254:
9252:Battle of Loos
9249:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9170:
9168:
9164:
9163:
9161:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9143:Black Sea raid
9140:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9074:
9072:
9068:
9067:
9065:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9048:
9047:
9045:Historiography
9036:
9034:
9030:
9029:
9027:
9026:
9020:
9014:
9008:
9002:
8999:Bosnian Crisis
8996:
8993:Tangier Crisis
8990:
8984:
8978:
8971:
8969:
8962:
8956:
8955:
8952:
8951:
8949:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8926:Ottoman Empire
8923:
8918:
8913:
8907:
8905:
8903:Central Powers
8899:
8898:
8896:
8895:
8890:
8889:
8888:
8886:British Empire
8881:United Kingdom
8878:
8873:
8868:
8867:
8866:
8861:
8859:Russian Empire
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8835:
8834:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8813:
8812:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8781:
8779:
8777:Entente Powers
8770:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8758:
8757:
8755:
8754:
8749:
8748:
8747:
8745:North Atlantic
8736:
8734:
8728:
8727:
8725:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8708:
8706:
8700:
8699:
8697:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8670:
8668:
8662:
8661:
8659:
8658:
8656:Central Arabia
8653:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8622:
8620:
8618:Middle Eastern
8614:
8613:
8611:
8610:
8605:
8604:
8603:
8593:
8588:
8587:
8586:
8575:
8573:
8564:
8560:
8559:
8557:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8519:Historiography
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8490:
8487:
8486:
8479:
8478:
8471:
8464:
8456:
8447:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8439:
8438:
8435:
8434:
8432:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8415:
8413:
8407:
8406:
8404:
8403:
8398:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8376:
8374:
8366:
8365:
8363:
8362:
8357:
8351:
8345:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8337:
8336:
8335:
8330:
8329:
8328:
8318:
8317:
8316:
8311:
8301:
8291:
8285:
8279:
8275:
8274:
8272:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8260:
8259:
8249:
8248:
8247:
8237:
8232:
8226:
8224:
8220:
8219:
8216:
8215:
8213:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8196:
8194:
8190:
8189:
8187:
8186:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8164:
8163:
8158:
8148:
8143:
8137:
8135:
8129:
8128:
8126:
8125:
8120:
8119:
8118:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8097:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8076:
8075:
8074:
8069:
8059:
8058:
8057:
8047:
8041:
8039:
8028:
8027:Accomplishment
8024:
8023:
8021:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7997:Prime Minister
7990:
7980:
7969:
7967:
7963:
7962:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7920:
7918:
7914:
7913:
7911:
7910:
7909:
7908:
7898:
7892:
7890:
7883:
7879:
7878:
7857:
7856:
7849:
7842:
7834:
7825:
7824:
7822:
7821:
7811:
7806:
7799:
7798:
7791:
7783:
7782:
7779:
7778:
7775:
7774:
7772:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7693:
7691:
7685:
7684:
7682:
7681:
7676:
7674:Urban planning
7671:
7666:
7665:
7664:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7593:
7587:
7581:
7580:
7577:
7576:
7574:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7556:Stock Exchange
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7520:
7519:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7457:
7451:
7445:
7444:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7432:
7430:Prime Minister
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7411:
7410:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7389:
7388:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7352:
7346:
7340:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7333:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7261:
7255:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7174:
7173:
7162:
7160:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7129:
7128:
7121:
7114:
7106:
7097:
7096:
7094:
7093:
7088:
7082:
7080:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7061:United Kingdom
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7011:Ottoman Empire
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6922:
6920:
6916:
6915:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6890:Ottoman Empire
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6851:
6849:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6841:
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6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6764:
6762:
6758:
6757:
6748:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6725:
6718:
6700:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6686:
6681:
6668:
6667:External links
6665:
6664:
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6656:
6646:
6636:
6629:
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6609:
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6576:
6570:
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6460:
6451:
6442:
6422:
6408:
6402:
6389:
6383:
6370:
6350:
6341:
6335:(in Italian).
6324:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6307:
6294:
6282:
6269:
6267:, pp. 358–359
6256:
6254:, pp. 253–254
6243:
6230:
6217:
6199:
6192:
6174:
6149:Newman, John.
6141:
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5865:
5852:
5839:
5826:
5819:
5792:
5783:
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5739:
5726:
5723:(in Romanian).
5708:
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5692:(in Romanian).
5677:
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5603:
5594:
5585:
5573:
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5538:
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5490:
5481:
5479:, Grecu. p. 3.
5469:
5457:
5442:
5427:
5418:
5405:
5396:
5384:
5372:
5360:
5348:
5336:
5334:, Damian, 2012
5317:
5302:
5290:
5283:
5265:Keith Hitchins
5256:
5249:
5243:. p. 57.
5225:
5212:
5199:
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5108:
5088:
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4823:
4810:
4796:
4773:
4760:
4748:
4732:turkeyswar.com
4719:
4707:
4698:
4683:
4680:(in Romanian).
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4647:White movement
4637:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4613:
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4609:
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4605:
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4467:
4465:
4455:Map after the
4454:
4447:
4445:
4439:Map after the
4438:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4419:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4318:Little Entente
4297:
4294:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4157:King Ferdinand
4084:Vrancea County
4041:Russian Fourth
4019:
4016:
3966:, 1.3 million
3944:trench warfare
3875:
3872:
3777:Prunaru Charge
3746:
3743:
3623:Prahova Valley
3438:Prahova Valley
3389:
3386:
3359:and created a
3202:Miercurea Ciuc
3100:
3077:
3074:
3047:Albano Laziale
3021:
3018:
2936:Liviu Rebreanu
2870:
2867:
2841:Main article:
2838:
2835:
2814:Bulgarian Army
2772:Atelierele CFR
2749:Lord Kitchener
2698:Ottoman Empire
2665:Triple Entente
2641:Atelierele CFR
2628:
2627:Before the war
2625:
2601:King Ferdinand
2591:following the
2589:Russian Empire
2581:Central Powers
2502:Central Powers
2475:"now or never"
2460:casus foederis
2448:casus foederis
2391:Central Powers
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2317:Peace treaties
2314:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2204:
2195:Lozova station
2192:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2168:
2156:
2144:
2125:
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2115:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2098:
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2084:
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2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1831:Novogeorgievsk
1828:
1823:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1284:2nd Jiu Valley
1272:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1240:1st Jiu Valley
1237:
1232:
1227:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1077:Northern front
1063:
1060:
1059:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1006:1 gunboat sunk
981:
980:
977:Romanian Corps
943:
879:
878:
874:
873:
872:
871:
867:Romanian Corps
798:
779:143,049 (1916)
753:
752:
748:
747:
734:French Mission
681:
680:
668:
656:
644:
632:
616:
601:Romanian Front
590:
511:
510:
509:Units involved
506:
505:
381:
287:
286:
282:
281:
232:Russian Empire
207:
205:Ottoman Empire
153:
152:
148:
147:
144:
143:
142:
141:
117:
116:
111:
101:Central Powers
96:
92:
91:
86:
84:
80:
79:
72:
64:
63:
49:
48:
37:
36:
30:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11518:
11507:
11504:
11502:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11489:
11487:
11484:
11482:
11479:
11477:
11474:
11472:
11469:
11467:
11464:
11462:
11459:
11457:
11454:
11453:
11451:
11432:
11429:
11427:
11424:
11422:
11421:Stefan Toshev
11419:
11417:
11414:
11412:
11411:Nikola Zhekov
11409:
11407:
11404:
11402:
11399:
11397:
11394:
11392:
11389:
11387:
11384:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11374:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11366:Boris Drangov
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11333:
11329:
11325:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11312:
11311:
11310:
11309:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11288:
11287:
11286:
11285:
11280:
11279:
11275:
11271:
11267:
11264:
11263:
11257:
11253:
11252:
11248:
11244:
11240:
11239:First Cobadin
11236:
11232:
11228:
11227:
11226:
11220:
11214:
11209:
11204:
11203:
11201:
11197:
11196:
11192:
11188:
11186:
11171:
11167:
11163:
11161:
11147:
11145:
11144:
11139:
11138:
11134:
11130:
11129:Stefan Toshev
11126:
11122:
11121:Nikola Zhekov
11118:
11117:
11115:
11100:
11096:
11094:
11093:
11089:
11085:
11081:
11080:
11079:
11074:
11073:
11069:
11068:2nd Crna Bend
11065:
11061:
11060:
11059:
11054:
11053:
11049:
11045:
11041:
11037:
11036:
11035:
11030:
11029:
11025:
11021:
11017:
11013:
11012:
11011:
11005:
10999:
10994:
10989:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10975:
10970:
10965:
10963:
10962:Eleventh Army
10958:
10950:
10945:
10944:
10942:
10938:
10937:
10933:
10920:
10916:
10912:
10899:
10895:
10891:
10887:
10874:
10870:
10869:Petar Bojović
10866:
10862:
10861:Živojin Mišić
10858:
10854:
10852:
10838:
10836:
10835:
10830:
10829:
10825:
10821:
10817:
10813:
10809:
10805:
10804:Nikola Zhekov
10801:
10800:
10798:
10783:
10779:
10774:
10768:
10765:
10763:
10760:
10758:
10755:
10753:
10750:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10739:
10738:
10737:
10736:
10729:
10726:
10725:
10724:
10723:
10722:
10716:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10691:
10690:
10689:
10688:
10681:
10678:
10677:
10676:
10675:
10674:
10668:
10667:
10662:
10661:
10657:
10654:
10651:
10649:
10645:
10640:
10637:
10636:
10631:
10627:
10620:
10615:
10613:
10608:
10606:
10601:
10600:
10597:
10585:
10582:
10581:
10578:
10568:
10567:
10563:
10561:
10560:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10548:
10544:
10543:
10541:
10537:
10527:
10524:
10520:
10517:
10515:
10512:
10510:
10507:
10505:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10496:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10487:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10474:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10466:
10464:
10458:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10424:
10422:
10419:
10417:
10414:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10403:
10401:
10397:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10367:
10365:
10363:
10359:
10353:
10352:United States
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10309:
10307:
10303:
10300:
10297:
10292:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10274:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10246:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10223:
10220:
10216:
10213:
10212:
10211:
10208:
10207:
10205:
10204:
10202:
10200:
10196:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10179:
10177:
10176:
10174:
10172:
10168:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10142:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10131:
10128:
10127:
10125:
10124:
10122:
10120:
10116:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10099:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10088:
10087:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10067:
10065:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10052:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10044:
10042:
10038:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10018:
10016:
10012:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9995:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9984:
9981:
9980:
9978:
9977:
9975:
9969:
9964:
9954:
9953:United States
9951:
9947:
9944:
9943:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9923:
9921:
9917:
9911:
9908:
9904:
9903:Convoy system
9901:
9900:
9899:
9898:Naval warfare
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9872:
9869:
9868:
9867:
9864:
9863:
9861:
9857:
9854:
9850:
9839:
9836:
9833:
9830:
9827:
9824:
9821:
9818:
9813:
9810:
9807:
9804:
9801:
9798:
9795:
9792:
9791:
9790:
9787:
9784:
9781:
9778:
9775:
9772:
9769:
9766:
9763:
9760:
9757:
9754:
9751:
9748:
9745:
9742:
9739:
9736:
9733:
9730:
9727:
9724:
9721:
9718:
9715:
9712:
9709:
9706:
9703:
9700:
9697:
9694:
9691:
9688:
9685:
9684:
9682:
9678:
9671:
9668:
9665:
9662:
9659:
9658:Kaocen revolt
9656:
9653:
9652:Easter Rising
9650:
9647:
9644:
9641:
9638:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9624:
9621:
9618:
9615:
9612:
9609:
9606:
9603:
9600:
9597:
9594:
9591:
9588:
9585:
9582:
9579:
9576:
9573:
9570:
9567:
9566:
9564:
9560:
9554:
9551:
9547:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9443:
9441:
9439:
9435:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9345:
9343:
9341:
9337:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9308:
9304:
9301:
9300:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9270:
9268:
9264:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9217:Great Retreat
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9192:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9171:
9169:
9165:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9088:Battle of Cer
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9075:
9073:
9069:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9046:
9043:
9042:
9041:
9038:
9037:
9035:
9031:
9024:
9021:
9018:
9015:
9012:
9009:
9006:
9005:Agadir Crisis
9003:
9000:
8997:
8994:
8991:
8988:
8985:
8982:
8979:
8976:
8973:
8972:
8970:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8957:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8908:
8906:
8904:
8900:
8894:
8893:United States
8891:
8887:
8884:
8883:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8856:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8833:
8830:
8829:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8811:
8810:French Empire
8808:
8807:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8782:
8780:
8778:
8774:
8771:
8763:
8753:
8752:Mediterranean
8750:
8746:
8743:
8742:
8741:
8738:
8737:
8735:
8733:
8732:Naval warfare
8729:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8709:
8707:
8705:
8701:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8671:
8669:
8667:
8663:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8623:
8621:
8619:
8615:
8609:
8608:Italian Front
8606:
8602:
8599:
8598:
8597:
8596:Eastern Front
8594:
8592:
8591:Western Front
8589:
8585:
8582:
8581:
8580:
8577:
8576:
8574:
8572:
8568:
8565:
8561:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8549:Puppet states
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8491:
8488:
8484:
8477:
8472:
8470:
8465:
8463:
8458:
8457:
8454:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8416:
8414:
8412:
8408:
8402:
8399:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8377:
8375:
8371:
8367:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8352:
8349:
8346:
8344:Commemoration
8342:
8334:
8331:
8327:
8324:
8323:
8322:
8319:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8306:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8296:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8289:Moldavian SSR
8287:
8286:
8283:
8280:
8276:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8258:
8255:
8254:
8253:
8250:
8246:
8243:
8242:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8227:
8225:
8221:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8197:
8195:
8191:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8153:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8138:
8136:
8130:
8124:
8121:
8117:
8114:
8113:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8081:
8080:
8077:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8064:
8063:
8060:
8056:
8053:
8052:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8042:
8040:
8038:
8032:
8029:
8025:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8008:Iancu Flondor
8006:
8004:
8001:
7998:
7994:
7991:
7988:
7984:
7981:
7978:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7964:
7959:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7915:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7893:
7891:
7887:
7884:
7880:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7855:
7850:
7848:
7843:
7841:
7836:
7835:
7832:
7820:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7801:
7796:
7792:
7789:
7785:
7784:
7780:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7723:
7720:
7719:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7694:
7692:
7690:
7686:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7663:
7660:
7659:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7594:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7582:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7531:National Bank
7529:
7527:
7521:
7517:
7516:petrochemical
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7481:Foreign trade
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7458:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7446:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7409:
7406:
7405:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7341:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7262:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7250:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7172:
7169:
7168:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7159:
7155:
7149:
7146:
7145:
7142:
7138:
7134:
7127:
7122:
7120:
7115:
7113:
7108:
7107:
7104:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7077:
7070:
7066:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6991:Liechtenstein
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6917:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6846:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6834:United States
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6815:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6759:
6754:
6746:
6741:
6739:
6734:
6732:
6727:
6726:
6723:
6717:
6715:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6694:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6679:
6675:
6671:
6670:
6661:
6657:
6654:
6651:
6647:
6645:
6641:
6637:
6634:
6630:
6627:
6624:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6613:Slavic Review
6610:
6607:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6594:9780700620951
6590:
6586:
6582:
6577:
6573:
6571:0-391-04097-9
6567:
6563:
6562:
6556:
6552:
6546:
6542:
6541:
6535:
6531:
6530:
6524:
6521:
6517:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6504:
6501:
6497:
6494:
6491:
6490:The Great War
6487:
6484:
6481:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6457:
6452:
6448:
6443:
6440:(27–28): 1–5.
6439:
6435:
6428:
6423:
6420:(in Romanian)
6417:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6399:
6395:
6390:
6386:
6380:
6376:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6358:The Great War
6355:
6351:
6347:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6325:
6321:
6316:
6315:
6304:
6298:
6291:
6286:
6279:
6273:
6266:
6260:
6253:
6247:
6240:
6234:
6227:
6221:
6213:
6209:
6203:
6195:
6189:
6185:
6178:
6159:
6152:
6145:
6138:
6135:John Keegan,
6132:
6125:
6119:
6112:
6109:René Greger,
6106:
6099:
6093:
6086:
6080:
6073:
6068:
6066:
6058:
6053:
6046:
6041:
6039:
6031:
6026:
6019:
6015:
6010:(in Romanian)
6006:
5999:
5993:
5986:
5980:
5973:
5967:
5960:
5954:
5947:
5942:(in Romanian)
5938:
5931:
5926:
5924:
5922:
5914:
5909:
5902:
5897:
5895:
5887:
5881:
5874:
5869:
5862:
5856:
5849:
5843:
5836:
5830:
5822:
5820:9789004206946
5816:
5812:
5808:
5807:
5802:
5796:
5787:
5780:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5761:
5755:
5748:
5743:
5736:
5730:
5722:
5718:
5712:
5705:
5699:
5691:
5687:
5681:
5674:
5668:
5662:
5657:
5650:
5645:
5638:
5632:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5607:
5598:
5589:
5583:, pp. 282–283
5582:
5577:
5568:
5561:
5555:
5548:
5542:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5519:
5512:
5504:
5500:
5494:
5485:
5478:
5473:
5466:
5461:
5454:
5449:
5447:
5439:
5434:
5432:
5422:
5415:
5409:
5400:
5393:
5388:
5381:
5376:
5369:
5364:
5357:
5352:
5345:
5340:
5333:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5314:
5309:
5307:
5300:, p. 51.
5299:
5298:Erlikman 2004
5294:
5286:
5284:9780198221265
5280:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5252:
5250:9780875861845
5246:
5242:
5238:
5237:
5229:
5222:
5216:
5209:
5203:
5196:
5192:
5186:
5179:
5173:
5164:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5145:
5138:
5136:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5115:
5113:
5105:
5101:
5095:
5093:
5086:, 2013), 109.
5085:
5081:
5075:
5069:
5068:0-7183-0068-8
5065:
5061:
5056:
5049:
5046:John Keegan,
5043:
5036:
5030:
5023:
5022:The Great War
5020:Cyril Falls,
5017:
5010:
5004:
4996:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4977:
4963:
4961:9781405123860
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4938:
4924:
4922:9780810858206
4918:
4914:
4910:
4909:
4901:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4880:
4873:
4867:
4860:
4854:
4845:
4836:
4827:
4820:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4777:
4770:
4764:
4757:
4752:
4738:on 2013-12-02
4737:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4716:
4711:
4702:
4696:
4692:
4687:
4679:
4675:
4668:
4664:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4638:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4602:
4597:
4590:
4585:
4578:
4573:
4566:
4561:
4554:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4538:
4533:
4531:
4526:
4524:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4506:
4504:
4495:
4482:
4478:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4451:
4446:
4442:
4435:
4430:
4423:
4418:
4414:
4407:
4402:
4398:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4373:
4371:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4332:the war ended
4329:
4325:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4252:
4247:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4182:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4005:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3892:
3888:
3880:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3842:
3841:Romanian Navy
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3821:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:(part of the
3753:
3739:
3738:von Mackensen
3736:Fieldmarshal
3734:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3655:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3592:Stefan Toshev
3585:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3544:Stefan Toshev
3540:
3536:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3474:Ion Dragalina
3471:
3467:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3149:
3148:Northern Army
3145:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3062:Italian front
3058:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3026:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3010:Samoilă Mârza
3007:
3004:, as well as
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2990:Emil Rebreanu
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2890:
2886:
2885:Emil Rebreanu
2881:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2853:gun carriages
2850:
2844:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2793:Romanian Army
2787:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2738:
2737:Ilustraţiunea
2734:
2729:
2725:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:Eastern Front
2483:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2372:Central Power
2369:
2368:Allied powers
2365:
2361:
2344:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2300:Naval warfare
2299:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:Hetman's coup
2265:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1967:Kostiuchnówka
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1848:Riga-Schaulen
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1821:2nd Przasnysz
1819:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1810:Great Retreat
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1718:1st Przasnysz
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1708:Humin-Bolimów
1706:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:Lupovsky Pass
1658:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
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1558:
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1553:
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1546:
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1538:
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1533:
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1531:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1452:Eastern Front
1445:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:1917 Campaign
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1344:Râmnicu Sărat
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:3rd Petroșani
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Mount Cindrel
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:2nd Petroșani
1110:
1108:
1107:1st Petroșani
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:1916 Campaign
1061:
1056:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1013:
1010:
1001:
995:6,000 wounded
991:
986:
978:
975:
974:
973:
972:
967:
955:
950:
944:
942:
933:
922:
913:
904:
895:
886:
881:
880:
875:
868:
864:
863:
862:
858:
849:
843:
836:
827:
818:
809:
803:
799:
797:39,000 (1917)
794:
788:20,000 (1916)
785:
776:
767:
760:
755:
754:
749:
746:
745:Romanian Navy
741:
735:
730:
724:
719:
713:
702:
697:
691:
686:
679:
669:
667:
662:
657:
655:
650:
645:
643:
633:
631:
627:
617:
615:
605:
604:
603:
602:
597:
591:
589:
584:
578:
573:
567:
562:
556:
551:
545:
540:
534:
529:
523:
518:
513:
512:
507:
504:
499:
493:
488:
481:
469:
458:
447:
442:
436:
431:
425:
420:
414:
409:
403:
398:
392:
387:
382:
380:
375:
369:
368:Stefan Toshev
364:
358:
353:
346:
341:
334:
333:Archduke Karl
329:
323:
318:
311:
306:
299:
294:
289:
288:
283:
278:
265:
264:Supported by:
260:
246:
233:
221:
208:
206:
193:
180:
167:
155:
154:
149:
140:
136:
132:
131:Saint-Germain
128:
125:
124:
123:
121:
115:
112:
110:
107:
106:
105:
102:
97:
94:
93:
89:
85:
82:
81:
73:
70:
69:
65:
61:
55:
50:
47:
43:
42:Eastern Front
38:
33:
19:
11307:
11306:
11305:
11283:
11282:
11281:
11261:
11260:
11259:
11255:
11229:
11224:
11223:
11222:
11218:
11200:Field Armies
11199:
11174:
11149:
11148:
11141:
11140:
11119:
11103:
11102:
11098:
11082:
11077:
11076:
11075:
11062:
11057:
11056:
11055:
11038:
11033:
11032:
11031:
11014:
11009:
11008:
11007:
11003:
10941:Field Armies
10940:
10923:
10919:George Milne
10902:
10877:
10840:
10839:
10832:
10831:
10802:
10786:
10785:
10781:
10767:Mobilization
10734:
10733:
10732:
10720:
10719:
10718:
10714:
10686:
10685:
10684:
10672:
10671:
10670:
10664:
10652:
10564:
10557:
10545:
10152: /
10084:
9919:Conscription
9883:Cryptography
9820:Iraqi Revolt
9247:Siege of Kut
9190:
8848:
8768:participants
8717:German Samoa
8651:South Arabia
8600:
8390:Bukovina Day
8304:Transnistria
8299:Independence
8193:Unifications
8185:(unenforced)
8141:Sfatul Țării
8034:
7702:Architecture
7632:Prostitution
7602:Demographics
7506:construction
7381:Human rights
7361:Constitution
7228:World War II
7217:
7025:
6798:South Africa
6703:
6701:
6659:
6652:
6649:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6622:
6615:
6612:
6605:
6602:
6583:. Lawrence:
6580:
6560:
6539:
6528:
6519:
6516:Keegan, John
6509:
6506:
6499:
6489:
6486:Falls, Cyril
6479:
6472:
6455:
6446:
6437:
6433:
6415:
6411:
6393:
6374:
6357:
6345:
6336:
6332:
6319:
6312:Bibliography
6302:
6297:
6289:
6285:
6277:
6272:
6264:
6259:
6251:
6246:
6238:
6233:
6225:
6220:
6211:
6202:
6183:
6177:
6165:. Retrieved
6144:
6136:
6131:
6123:
6118:
6110:
6105:
6097:
6092:
6084:
6079:
6071:
6056:
6052:
6044:
6029:
6025:
6017:
6013:
6005:
5997:
5992:
5984:
5979:
5971:
5966:
5958:
5953:
5945:
5937:
5929:
5912:
5908:
5900:
5885:
5880:
5872:
5868:
5860:
5855:
5847:
5842:
5834:
5829:
5805:
5795:
5786:
5778:
5759:
5754:
5746:
5742:
5734:
5729:
5720:
5711:
5703:
5698:
5689:
5680:
5672:
5667:
5656:
5648:
5644:
5636:
5631:
5606:
5597:
5588:
5580:
5576:
5567:
5559:
5554:
5546:
5541:
5528:
5524:
5511:
5502:
5493:
5484:
5476:
5472:
5464:
5460:
5452:
5437:
5421:
5413:
5408:
5399:
5387:
5375:
5363:
5351:
5339:
5331:
5293:
5269:
5259:
5235:
5228:
5220:
5215:
5207:
5202:
5194:
5185:
5177:
5172:
5163:
5158:, 1995), 51.
5154:(Annapolis:
5151:
5137:(2012): 168.
5134:
5133:
5129:
5099:
5079:
5074:
5059:
5055:
5047:
5042:
5034:
5029:
5021:
5016:
5008:
5003:
4983:
4976:
4965:. Retrieved
4947:
4937:
4926:. Retrieved
4907:
4900:
4884:
4879:
4871:
4866:
4858:
4853:
4844:
4835:
4826:
4818:
4813:
4799:
4791:
4776:
4768:
4763:
4755:
4751:
4740:. Retrieved
4736:the original
4731:
4722:
4714:
4710:
4701:
4690:
4686:
4677:
4667:
4641:
4540:
4535:
4528:
4519:
4509:
4507:
4500:
4374:
4367:
4340:
4321:
4290:
4274:
4237:signing the
4204:
4198:
4194:
4187:
4185:
4180:
4170:
4162:
4107:
4077:
4046:
4021:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3948:
3940:
3925:
3913:
3908:Danube Delta
3896:
3864:
3846:
3833:Danube Delta
3822:
3817:
3815:
3786:was captured
3765:
3748:
3724:
3716:
3707:
3699:
3696:Albatros W.4
3674:
3658:
3645:Erwin Rommel
3630:
3616:
3608:Danube Delta
3589:
3583:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3560:
3508:Viktor Kühne
3497:
3463:
3455:Dragoslavele
3434:
3391:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3351:
3343:
3312:
3310:
3235:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3165:through the
3159:Hypothesis Z
3137:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3082:Raid on Ruse
3059:
3054:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
2997:
2994:Oberleutnant
2985:
2973:
2961:
2949:
2940:
2933:
2907:
2894:
2856:
2846:
2830:
2822:
2818:Ottoman Army
2808:border (the
2790:
2771:
2758:
2742:
2736:
2705:
2703:
2673:
2669:
2645:
2640:
2617:Transylvania
2542:
2525:Hypothesis Z
2522:
2510:Transylvania
2504:of Germany,
2481:
2479:
2474:
2468:"unprovoked"
2467:
2441:
2431:made loans,
2413:Transylvania
2395:
2384:
2357:
2128:
2075:
1949:
1906:Death Island
1898:
1891:
1808:
1764:
1750:1st Courland
1676:
1652:
1610:
1598:
1527:
1496:Gross-Bresau
1473:
1408:
1361:
1360:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1245:Dragoslavele
1215:Cinghinarele
1131:
1072:Transylvania
1064:
1052:
1008:
989:
970:
957:335,706 dead
953:
945:
940:
841:
801:
800:
712:Dobruja Army
592:
446:Mihail Aslan
263:
234:(until 1917)
151:Belligerents
118:
98:
40:Part of the
10998:Fourth Army
10986:Second Army
10915:Bryan Mahon
10666:Balkan Wars
10182:Netherlands
10159:Switzerland
10040:Occupations
10031:Spanish flu
9808:(1919–1922)
9802:(1918–1921)
9796:(1918–1923)
9785:(1919–1921)
9779:(1919–1921)
9773:(1919–1920)
9749:(1918–1920)
9743:(1918–1920)
9737:(1918–1920)
9719:(1918–1920)
9701:(1918–1920)
9695:(1917–1921)
9689:(1917–1921)
9636:(1916-1918)
9634:Arab Revolt
9625:(1915–1917)
9619:(1915–1917)
9607:(1914-1917)
9601:(1914–1917)
9595:(1914–1921)
9589:(1913–1920)
9577:(1910–1920)
9571:(1900–1920)
9544: [
9062:July Crisis
8983:(1880–1914)
8646:Mesopotamia
8524:Home fronts
8483:World War I
8380:Dobruja Day
8037:World War I
8018:Iuliu Maniu
8013:Pan Halippa
7873:Marea Unire
7868:Great Union
7617:Immigration
7461:Agriculture
7280:Earthquakes
7218:World War I
7198:Middle Ages
7188:Roman Dacia
7091:New Zealand
7051:Switzerland
7001:Netherlands
6773:East Africa
6753:World War I
6751:History of
6167:24 February
6137:World War I
6059:pp. 834–835
6032:pp. 833–834
5915:pp. 832–833
5721:historia.ro
5392:Marble 2018
5380:Cazacu 2013
5368:Șerban 2000
5356:Părean 2002
5344:Șerban 1997
5313:Damian 2012
4514:John Buchan
4411:Map of the
4397:World War I
4139:Siret River
4089:Gerok Group
4071:during the
3968:F1 grenades
3904:Siret River
3860:Siret River
3663:during the
3649:Württemberg
3637:Vulcan Pass
3229:within the
3227:Cerna River
3167:Carpathians
3151: [
3121:Romanians!
3103:Romanians!
2966:Dănilă Papp
2954:Ioan Boeriu
2768:Armored car
2722:John Keegan
2713:Cyril Falls
2490:World War I
2409:Ferdinand I
2398:World War I
2364:World War I
2341: [
2292:Motovilivka
2241: [
2222: [
2210: [
2198: [
2174: [
2162: [
2150: [
2138: [
2129:Faustschlag
2041: [
1935:Lake Naroch
1909: [
1838:Vistula-Bug
1804:Kraupishken
1799:3rd Osowiec
1755:2nd Bolimów
1745:2nd Osowiec
1692: [
1678:Carpathians
1654:Bzura-Rawka
1638:Krzywopłoty
1594:1st Osowiec
1573: [
1570:Jarosławice
1545:Zolota Lypa
1535:1st Kraśnik
1511:Abschwangen
1481:Stallupönen
1203:2nd Cobadin
1198:1st Cobadin
533:Danube Army
435:Ioan Culcer
391:Ferdinand I
46:World War I
11450:Categories
11396:Ivan Lukov
11381:Ivan Kolev
11213:Third Army
11137:Ivan Kolev
11099:Commanders
10974:First Army
10820:Ivan Lukov
10782:Commanders
10715:Neutrality
10399:Agreements
10199:War crimes
10075:Luxembourg
9968:Casualties
8839:Montenegro
8674:South West
8554:Technology
8544:Propaganda
8534:Opposition
8035:Romania in
7882:Background
7759:Philosophy
7744:Literature
7627:Minorities
7612:Healthcare
7525:(currency)
7501:automotive
7415:Parliament
7376:Government
7330:Topography
7243:Since 1989
7238:Revolution
6996:Luxembourg
6366:1088102671
4967:2014-03-02
4928:2014-03-02
4887:. Moscow.
4806:equates to
4742:2015-05-19
4660:References
4351:Alba Iulia
4123:Târgu Ocna
4096:which the
3982:and seven
3964:Lewis guns
3891:Fahrpanzer
3692:Rumpler 6B
3654:Ninth Army
3632:Alpenkorps
3627:Jiu Valley
3500:Jiu Valley
3413:Turnu Roșu
3361:bridgehead
3294:Baltic Sea
3242:Third Army
3128:FERDINAND
3080:See also:
2986:Locotenent
2873:See also:
2858:Fahrpanzer
2851:, and 332
2720:historian
2585:Bessarabia
2446:invoked a
2421:The Allies
2306:Baltic Sea
2260:Sevastopol
2113:Bessarabia
1979:2nd Kekava
1945:Stolovichy
1940:1st Kekava
1550:Gnila Lipa
1506:Tannenberg
1469:Wierzbołów
1393:Bessarabia
1269:Olt Valley
1210:1st Orșova
993:3,000 dead
861:1,000,000
11336:Ferdinand
10673:1912–1913
10296:Diplomacy
10003:Olympians
9926:Australia
9893:Logistics
9826:Vlora War
9755:(1918–19)
9731:(1918–19)
9725:(1918–19)
9713:(1918–19)
9660:(1916–17)
9642:(1916–17)
9593:Zaian War
9583:(1914–15)
9303:first day
9191:Lusitania
9019:(1912–13)
9013:(1911–12)
9001:(1908–09)
8995:(1905–06)
8977:(1870–71)
8766:Principal
8626:Gallipoli
8529:Memorials
8514:Geography
8504:Aftermath
8411:Centenary
8278:Aftermath
8134:documents
7657:Romanians
7622:Languages
7607:Education
7571:Transport
7551:Squatting
7425:President
7393:Judiciary
7366:Elections
7310:Mountains
7253:Geography
7086:Australia
6895:Palestine
6865:Hong Kong
6839:Venezuela
6564:. Brill.
6377:. Brill.
5084:Routledge
4503:Mackensen
4221:Aftermath
4189:The Times
4067:Romanian
4054:Mărășești
4029:Nămoloasa
4008:NMS
3960:Chauchats
3934:, inside
3847:Elisabeta
3845:NMS
3706:NMS
3675:Elisabeta
3673:NMS
3661:Constanța
3604:Cernavodă
3600:Constanța
3564:cruiser,
3561:Elisabeta
3559:NMS
3528:Olt River
3504:Petroșani
3470:Jiu River
3451:Câmpulung
3350:NMS
3327:Kurtbunar
3290:Topraisar
3262:Turtucaia
3258:Constanța
3223:capturing
3178:Bujorescu
3173:Rândunica
3171:NMS
3096:Bucharest
2970:Hauptmann
2921:Mărășești
2883:Leutnant
2827:writing:
2770:built at
2754:Whitehall
2639:built at
2621:Compiègne
2549:Mărășești
2466:were not
2311:Black Sea
2255:Salt Lake
2087:Zhmerynka
2050:Krechowce
2033:July Days
1999:Schmarden
1962:Mamornița
1877:Grubeshov
1816:Bug-Narew
1733:Kalvarija
1684:Rafajlowa
1672:Cârlibaba
1648:Łowczówek
1612:San River
1501:Gumbinnen
1380:3rd Oituz
1375:Mărășești
1312:Bucharest
1305:Robănești
1290:2nd Oituz
1257:Úz Valley
1235:Sălătrucu
1230:1st Oituz
1188:Turtucaia
60:Mărășești
11114:Bulgaria
10797:Bulgaria
10638:Prelude
10584:Category
10171:Refugees
10137:Italians
10126:Germans
10086:Ober Ost
9866:Aviation
8960:Timeline
8931:Bulgaria
8712:Tsingtao
8689:Togoland
8636:Caucasus
8571:European
8563:Theatres
8373:Holidays
7889:Ideology
7804:Category
7734:Folklore
7652:Religion
7647:Refugees
7546:Services
7496:Industry
7486:Forestry
7403:Military
7344:Politics
7275:Counties
7166:Timeline
7137:articles
7021:Portugal
6941:Bulgaria
6855:Caucasus
6817:Americas
6783:Ethiopia
6356:(1961).
6301:Torrey,
6276:Torrey,
6158:Archived
6139:, p. 308
6126:, p. 327
6113:, p. 142
5875:, p. 166
5863:, p. 999
5850:, p. 485
5837:, p. 422
5803:(2011).
5267:(1994).
5223:, p. 272
5193:, 2013,
5123:Archived
5050:, p. 306
4895:. p. 51.
4861:, p. 147
4792:Romanian
4784:Archived
4771:, p. 295
4717:, p. 283
4678:Historia
4612:See also
4377:Budapest
4285:Ploiești
3958:, 2,628
3932:Dniester
3906:and the
3807:Muntenia
3799:Moldavia
3721:Flotilla
3612:Svishtov
3579:Brătianu
3548:Medgidia
3542:General
3402:attacked
3319:Flămânda
3298:Bukovina
3278:Silistra
3250:Dobrudja
3213:and the
3125:of God!
3051:Avezzano
2982:Leutnant
2902:Italians
2849:caissons
2816:and the
2681:Bulgaria
2569:Bulgaria
2518:Bulgaria
2277:Dibrivka
2190:Bakhmach
2123:Rarańcza
2065:2nd Riga
1853:1st Riga
1760:Pakosław
1643:Limanowa
1618:Mołotków
1589:Augustów
1295:Zimnicea
1193:Bazargic
1166:Flămânda
1156:Bulgaria
1092:Șelimbăr
869:: 1,000+
751:Strength
701:3rd Army
690:4th Army
678:8th Army
666:1st Army
654:2nd Army
642:9th Army
630:6th Army
614:4th Army
566:VI Corps
555:3rd Army
544:1st Army
522:9th Army
192:Bulgaria
83:Location
11284:Outcome
11256:Outcome
11219:Battles
11160:Romania
11143:Entente
11004:Battles
10834:Entente
10322:Germany
10222:Germany
10150:Germany
10070:Belgium
10055:Albania
10014:Disease
9994:Sports
9946:Ireland
9859:Warfare
9852:Aspects
9040:Origins
9033:Prelude
8936:Senussi
8916:Germany
8911:Leaders
8849:Romania
8790:Belgium
8785:Leaders
8684:Kamerun
8666:African
8601:Romania
8579:Balkans
8494:Outline
7966:Figures
7819:Commons
7788:Outline
7717:Cuisine
7697:Academy
7689:Culture
7679:Welfare
7662:Gypsies
7585:Society
7566:Tourism
7471:Exports
7449:Economy
7300:Islands
7270:Climate
7213:Kingdom
7171:ancient
7158:History
7133:Romania
7079:Oceania
7069:Ireland
7056:Ukraine
7026:Romania
6981:Ireland
6976:Hungary
6966:Germany
6956:Estonia
6951:Denmark
6946:Croatia
6936:Belgium
6926:Albania
6905:Vietnam
6793:Morocco
6788:Liberia
6689:Romania
6674:Romania
6642:(2012)
6280:, p. 27
6100:, p. 29
5210:, p. 20
5197:, p. 19
5011:, p. 56
4475:Map of
4326:on the
4241:in 1918
4091:of the
4050:Mărăști
4037:Focșani
4025:Focșani
4004:Smârdan
3936:Ukraine
3856:Focșani
3811:Dobruja
3803:Oltenia
3781:Roșiori
3772:Neajlov
3570:Siretul
3524:Craiova
3468:on the
3442:Predeal
3323:Cobadin
3286:Amzacea
3282:Dobrich
3272:at the
3198:Făgăraș
3182:Catinca
3092:Entente
2974:Căpitan
2962:Colonel
2917:Mărăști
2891:in gold
2786:Entente
2782:British
2694:Britain
2677:Dobruja
2637:mantlet
2597:Romania
2577:Germany
2565:Dobruja
2545:Mărăști
2529:Giurgiu
2494:Romania
2492:, with
2472:Entente
2464:Austria
2452:Romania
2435:sent a
2429:Britain
2417:Hungary
2387:Entente
2380:Germany
2108:Finland
1918:Smorgon
1843:Jastków
1789:Rokitna
1777:Syniava
1701:Makivka
1560:Gorodek
1540:Komarow
1529:Galicia
1491:Kaushen
1370:Mărăști
1354:Focșani
1334:Retreat
1317:Prunaru
1300:Slatina
1225:Predeal
1183:Dobruja
1097:Livadia
954:535,700
907:30,250+
889:191,000
852:400,000
812:658,088
770:750,000
220:Romania
166:Germany
139:Trianon
135:Neuilly
88:Romania
11308:Others
11185:Russia
11182:
11157:
11111:
10930:
10909:
10886:France
10884:
10851:Serbia
10848:
10794:
10342:Russia
10317:France
10145:Canada
10060:Serbia
9931:Canada
9888:Horses
9840:(1921)
9834:(1920)
9828:(1920)
9822:(1920)
9814:(1920)
9767:(1919)
9761:(1919)
9707:(1918)
9672:(1918)
9666:(1917)
9654:(1916)
9648:(1916)
9613:(1915)
9025:(1913)
9007:(1911)
8989:(1905)
8946:Darfur
8871:Serbia
8854:Russia
8817:Greece
8805:France
8795:Brazil
8641:Persia
8584:Serbia
7917:Events
7809:Portal
7739:Humour
7712:Cinema
7642:Racism
7511:mining
7466:Energy
7320:Rivers
7265:Cities
7148:Topics
7135:
7046:Sweden
7036:Serbia
7031:Russia
7016:Poland
7006:Norway
6971:Greece
6961:France
6919:Europe
6829:Canada
6824:Brazil
6768:Angola
6761:Africa
6691:, in:
6676:, in:
6635:(1998)
6591:
6568:
6547:
6456:Apulum
6400:
6381:
6364:
6292:p. 366
6190:
6074:p. 835
6047:p. 834
5932:p. 833
5903:p. 832
5888:p. 295
5817:
5781:p. 831
5562:, p. 6
5535:: 7–8.
5281:
5247:
5066:
5024:p. 228
4991:
4958:
4919:
4891:
4523:Presan
4359:Mediaș
4316:, and
4269:, and
4131:Odessa
4119:Trotuș
3962:, 108
3954:, 197
3902:, the
3852:Danube
3837:Tulcea
3829:Brăila
3669:Sulina
3639:. The
3574:Mircea
3566:Năluca
3466:fights
3418:Brașov
3409:Vulcan
3378:Barsch
3374:Szamos
3366:Bodrog
3340:Sulina
3288:, and
3254:Danube
3200:, and
3194:Brașov
3144:Second
3094:side,
2958:Oberst
2690:France
2686:Allied
2551:, and
2498:Russia
2433:France
2425:Turkey
2272:Kaniów
2250:Sivash
2233:Crimea
2207:Donbas
2076:Albion
2026:Zboriv
1923:Zurnvo
1794:Tarłów
1784:Konary
1633:Kraków
1388:Galați
1349:Brăila
1262:Ghimeș
1149:Brașov
1144:Bărcuț
971:50,000
916:20,000
898:96,600
830:20,000
821:30,000
626:Danube
277:France
274:
259:Serbia
256:
247:(1917)
242:
217:
202:
189:
176:
163:
137:, and
120:Allied
95:Result
10539:Other
10332:Japan
10327:Italy
10154:camps
9998:Rugby
9548:]
8827:Japan
8822:Italy
8800:China
8694:North
7987:Queen
7795:Index
7764:Sport
7754:Music
7749:Media
7597:Crime
7305:Lakes
7290:Flora
7285:Fauna
7183:Dacia
7065:Wales
7041:Spain
6986:Italy
6910:Yemen
6885:Japan
6870:India
6860:China
6778:Egypt
6716:>
6702:<
6430:(PDF)
6305:p. 65
6241:p.192
6161:(PDF)
6154:(PDF)
5531:(4).
5521:(PDF)
4634:Notes
4115:Oituz
4111:Adjud
4058:Oituz
4010:Smeul
3978:, 14
3970:, 84
3825:Măcin
3794:Siret
3768:Argeș
3726:UC-23
3717:UC-15
3713:Varna
3708:Smeul
3701:UC-15
3459:Racoș
3405:Sibiu
3398:Hațeg
3382:Körös
3370:Körös
3352:Smeul
3345:UB-42
3231:Banat
3206:Sibiu
3155:]
3140:First
2925:Oituz
2806:Greek
2679:with
2553:Oituz
2536:only
2456:Italy
2415:from
2345:]
2245:]
2226:]
2214:]
2202:]
2183:Narva
2178:]
2166:]
2154:]
2142:]
2135:Keila
2055:Krevo
2045:]
1972:Kowel
1957:Lutsk
1913:]
1900:Vilno
1893:Rovno
1872:Rasna
1858:Kovno
1826:Narew
1728:Memel
1723:Łomża
1696:]
1577:]
1486:Orlau
1339:Buzău
1327:Argeș
1133:Sibiu
1127:Colun
1117:Roșia
990:9,000
979:: 500
842:1917:
839:1,600
802:1916:
11262:1918
11225:1916
11078:1918
11058:1917
11034:1916
11010:1915
10735:1915
10721:1914
10687:1913
10119:POWs
9438:1918
9340:1917
9266:1916
9167:1915
9071:1914
8876:Siam
8679:East
7977:King
7729:Flag
7722:Wine
7523:Leu
7386:LGBT
6900:Siam
6880:Iraq
6875:Iran
6848:Asia
6589:ISBN
6566:ISBN
6545:ISBN
6398:ISBN
6379:ISBN
6362:OCLC
6188:ISBN
6169:2019
5815:ISBN
5279:ISBN
5245:ISBN
5064:ISBN
4989:ISBN
4956:ISBN
4917:ISBN
4889:ISBN
4483:.
4363:Cluj
4249:The
4197:SMS
4179:SMS
4117:and
4078:The
4056:and
3868:Iași
3770:and
3694:and
3512:Riga
3457:and
3447:Bran
3411:and
3372:and
3325:and
3186:Ruse
3180:and
3146:and
3014:Riga
2980:and
2923:and
2791:The
2706:see
2692:and
2635:Gun
2496:and
2480:The
2454:and
2402:King
2358:The
2097:1918
2010:1917
1929:1916
1887:Prut
1666:1915
1628:Łódź
1555:Rawa
1463:1914
1161:Ruse
1102:Baru
71:Date
11086:•
7707:Art
6438:3–4
4199:Inn
4181:Inn
4149:).
3296:to
2938:'s
2711:);
2567:to
2488:of
2450:on
44:of
11452::
11276:•
11272:•
11268:•
11249:•
11245:•
11241:•
11237:•
11233:•
11193:•
11189::
11172:;
11168:•
11164::
11146::
11135:•
11131:•
11127:•
11123:•
11090:•
11070:•
11066:•
11050:•
11046:•
11042:•
11026:•
11022:•
11018:•
10934::
10921:;
10917:•
10913::
10900:;
10896:•
10892:•
10888::
10875:;
10871:•
10867:•
10863:•
10859:•
10855::
10837::
10826:•
10822:•
10818:•
10814:•
10810:•
10806:•
10646:,
9546:It
7067:,
6711:|
6707:|
6653:14
6626:14
6616:39
6587:.
6518:.
6510:14
6498:.
6488:.
6432:.
6331:.
6210:.
6156:.
6064:^
6037:^
5920:^
5893:^
5809:.
5767:^
5615:^
5529:26
5527:.
5523:.
5501:.
5445:^
5430:^
5320:^
5305:^
5273:.
5239:.
5143:^
5111:^
5091:^
4950:.
4911:.
4730:.
4676:.
4512:,
4338:.
4312:,
4308:,
4304:,
4265:,
4261:,
4052:,
3809:,
3805:,
3690:,
3686:,
3625:,
3576:,
3461:.
3368:,
3284:,
3280:,
3196:,
3176:,
3153:ro
3142:,
3072:.
2988:)
2976:)
2968:,
2964:)
2956:,
2952:)
2919:,
2667:.
2654:,
2623:.
2547:,
2520:.
2400:,
2343:uk
2243:ru
2224:uk
2212:uk
2200:uk
2176:uk
2164:uk
2152:uk
2140:et
2043:de
1911:lv
1694:ru
1575:ru
133:,
129:,
10953:+
10618:e
10611:t
10604:v
9970:/
8475:e
8468:t
8461:v
7999:)
7995:(
7989:)
7985:(
7979:)
7975:(
7876:)
7870:(
7853:e
7846:t
7839:v
7125:e
7118:t
7111:v
7071:)
7063:(
6744:e
6737:t
6730:v
6695:.
6680:.
6606:4
6597:.
6574:.
6553:.
6532:.
6414:(
6406:.
6387:.
6368:.
6339:.
6337:1
6214:.
6196:.
6171:.
6016:(
5823:.
5505:.
5416:.
5315:.
5287:.
5253:.
5135:1
5102:(
4997:.
4970:.
4931:.
4794:)
4790:(
4745:.
4653:,
4463:.
4443:.
4399:.
4027:-
3449:-
2996:(
2984:(
2972:(
2960:(
2948:(
2735:(
1443:e
1436:t
1429:v
1044:e
1037:t
1030:v
628:/
20:)
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