Treaty of Trianon - Knowledge

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people, seeing the stronger overcome, wish and insist that she shall be reduced to impotence. Nothing, in fact, can justify the measures of violence and the depredations committed in Magyar territory. What was the Rumanian occupation of Hungary: a systematic rapine and the systematic destruction for a long time hidden, and the stern reproach which Lloyd George addressed in London to the Premier of Rumania was perfectly justified. After the War everyone wanted some sacrifice from Hungary, and no one dared to say a word of peace or goodwill for her. When I tried it was too late. The victors hated Hungary for her proud defence. The adherents of Socialism do not love her because she had to resist, under more than difficult conditions, internal and external Bolshevism. The international financiers hate her because of the violences committed against the Jews. So Hungary suffers all the injustices without defence, all the miseries without help, and all the intrigues without resistance. Before the War Hungary had an area almost equal to that of Italy, 282,870 square kilometres, with a population of 18,264,533 inhabitants. The Treaty of Trianon reduced her territory to 91,114 kilometres – that is, 32.3% – and the population to 7,481,954, or 41%. It was not sufficient to cut off from Hungary the populations which were not ethnically Magyar. Without any reason 1,084,447 Magyars have been handed over to Czeko-Slovakia, 457,597 to Jugo-Slavia, 1,704,851 to Rumania. Also other nuclei of population have been detached without reason.

3484:; however, the newly defined borders of Hungary were nearly concluded without the presence of the Hungarians. During prior negotiations, the Hungarian party, along with the Austrian, advocated the American principle of self-determination: that the population of disputed territories should decide by free plebiscite to which country they wished to belong. This view did not prevail for long, as it was disregarded by the decisive French and British delegates. According to some opinions, the Allies drafted the outline of the new frontiers with little or no regard to the historical, cultural, ethnic, geographic, economic and strategic aspects of the region. The Allies assigned territories that were mostly populated by non-Hungarian ethnicities to successor states, but also allowed these states to absorb sizeable territories that were mainly inhabited by Hungarian-speaking populations. For instance, Romania gained all of Transylvania, which was home to 2,800,000 Romanians, but also contained a significant minority of 1,600,000 Hungarians and about 250,000 Germans. The intent of the Allies was principally to strengthen these successor states at the expense of Hungary. Although the countries that were the main beneficiaries of the treaty partially noted the issues, the Hungarian delegates tried to draw attention to them. Their views were disregarded by the Allied representatives. 34: 2469: 2414: 2368:"...Today it is possible to say that Hungarian or Magyar imperialism will be broken. Although we risk angering Hungarian patriots, whose propaganda reaches as far as Switzerland, we do not hesitate to declare that this strictness appears to us to be justified, since the former frontiers of Hungary gave the Hungarian or Magyar minority of 9 million headed by the nobility the position... to exploit 12 million people of other nationalities. The French Government did not always speak to the Hungarians in the language they deserved, and the English aristocracy agreed with the Hungarian oligarchy even in the course of the war. However, it appears that the Hungarian nobility went too far: by evoking Bolshevism and installing a white terror, they destroyed the good will of their sympathizers in London and Paris. We hope that the Hungarians or Magyars will be satisfied with a national, non-imperial state, and that they will give up their almost Asiatic institutions and accept new principles." -Swiss newspaper 4315:, and they therefore decided that her allies in the region should be "contained" by a ring of states friendly to the Allies, each of which would be bigger than either Austria or Hungary. Compared to the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, post-Trianon Hungary had 60% less population, and its political and economic footprint in the region was significantly reduced. Hungary lost connection to strategic military and economic infrastructure because of the concentric layout of the railway and road network, which the borders bisected. In addition, the structure of its economy collapsed because it had relied on other parts of the pre-war kingdom. The country lost access to the Mediterranean and to the important sea port of Rijeka (Fiume) and became landlocked, which had a negative effect on sea trading and strategic naval operations. Many trading routes that went through the newly defined borders from various parts of the pre-war kingdom were abandoned. 102: 2118:, the Hungarian nationalists and patriots soon realized that the new communist government had no intentions to recapture the lost territories, only to spread communist ideology and establish other communist states in Europe, thus sacrificing Hungarian national interests. The Hungarian patriots and professional military officers in the Red Army saw the establishment of the Slovak Soviet Republic as a betrayal, and their support for the government began to erode. Despite a series of military victories against the Czechoslovak army, the Hungarian Red Army started to disintegrate due to tension between nationalists and communists during the establishment of the Slovak Soviet Republic. The concession eroded support of the communist government among professional military officers and nationalists in the Hungarian Red Army; even the 4605:

industrial plants, and 67% of credit and banking institutions of the former Kingdom of Hungary lay within the territory of Hungary's neighbours. These statistics correspond to post-Trianon Hungary retaining only around a third of the kingdom's territory before the war and around 60% of its population. The new borders also bisected transport links – in the Kingdom of Hungary the road and railway network had a radial structure, with Budapest in the centre. Many roads and railways, running along the newly defined borders and interlinking radial transport lines, ended up in different, highly introvert countries. Hence, much of the rail cargo traffic of the emergent states was virtually paralysed. These factors all combined created some imbalances in the now separated economic regions of the former monarchy.

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farmers the communist government proclaimed the nationalization of the estates. But having no skilled people to manage the estates, the communists had no choice but to leave the existing estate managers in place. These, while formally accepting their new government bosses, in practice retained their loyalty to the deposed aristocratic owners. The peasants felt that the revolution had no real effect on their lives and thus had no reason to support it. The communist party and communist policies only had real popular support among the proletarian masses of large industrial centers—especially in Budapest—where the working class represented a high proportion of the inhabitants. The communist government followed the Soviet model: the party established its terror groups (like the infamous

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decided to recall all of the troops, who were conscripted from the territory of Kingdom of Hungary, which was a major blow for the Habsburg's armies. Károlyi's new government insisted on preserving the historic borders of Hungary, but it was in no position to comply with the urgent demands for forcible intervention, demanded by military commanders. Károlyi intended to conclude an armistice independently in the name of Hungary, without regard for its German and Austrian allies. By this, alongside his pacifist views, he sought to distance Hungary from those mainly responsible for the war, and convince the victorious Entente that his government already represented a democratic country, and so should not be punished for the warlike actions of preceding governments, as Slovak historian

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text. His demand to talk directly with the leading representatives of the Entente before officially receiving the text further irritated the Supreme Council and was declined. It would have meant preferential treatment for the Hungarians, as no other delegation from a defeated state had been given the same advantage. On 15 January, Apponyi received the text of the proposed Peace Treaty in the "Red Hall", and the next day Apponyi made his prepared speech to the Supreme Council. He called for the right of self-determination of Hungarians, denied that other nations were oppressed in the old Kingdom of Hungary, claimed that Hungary had a historic mission, emphasized the geographical and economic unity of the country, condemned that many Hungarians were now living under the

1168: 2510: 4213: 1241: 3631: 2383: 4585: 218: 4236: 1925:, that would preserve the territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Hungary. Jászi immediately offered democratic referendums about the disputed borders for minorities; however, the political leaders of those minorities refused the very idea of democratic referendums regarding disputed territories at the Paris peace conference. In spite of this, Hungarian government still possessed forces strong enough to resist the encroaching Entente troops, and on 13 November declared the mobilization of the five youngest year groups (1896–1900). This was presaged by Károlyi's proclamation, in which he declared the entrance of Czechoslovak troops a 2408:

to 3 million tonnes in 1919, but the most drastic blow came from the cessation of imports of 5 million tonnes of rich Silesian bituminous coal. The stoppage of coal imports was mainly due to the blockade imposed by the Czechoslovak government over Hungary at the end of 1918. In fact, Czechs gained control over a significant part of the Silesian mines, such as in Teschen, and over the transit railways from Silesia to Vienna and Budapest. From November-December 1918, Prague made the resumption of coal supplies to Vienna and Budapest conditional on the acceptance of its territorial claims to former Austrian and Hungarian territories.

2405: 342: 1689:. The Hungarian government agreed to begin negotiations with the nationalities, promise them some minor concessions and if these were not accepted, they would hold a plebiscite and make sure its resolution was favorable to Hungarians and the integrity of Hungary. They would inform President Wilson of the results and the conditions for peace would be fulfilled. Only a minority of Hungarian politicians, led by Mihály Károlyi, sought preservation in the democratisation of the semi-feudal kingdom, which still lacked universal suffrage. (Similar to Hungary, the most Western European countries did not have 232: 2305:, deputy first secretary of the Hungarian delegation. According to Hronský, it turned out to be a mistake on Hungary's part when it appointed Apponyi to lead the Hungarian delegation. Count Apponyi, though popular in Hungary, had a negative reputation in the neighboring countries. His education acts (1907), his pro-German policy during the war and negative relations with the non-Hungarian nationalities of Hungary made him an easy target for the international press. Štefan Osuský, the Czechoslovak ambassador in Paris, did not bother to hide his glee at Hungary choosing Apponyi of all people. 2267:

principle of mutual balance of minorities in the two states, since, as they claimed, creating a clean and precise ethnic border was impossible. The Supreme Council rejected the maximum demands of the Czechoslovak side, nor did it apply a purely geographical or ethnic principle, but combined them with economical, historical, transportation, military strategical, and other geopolitical factors. The Supreme Council accepted Czechoslovak arguments that showed that post-war Hungary was self-sufficient in coal, crude oil, grain, cattle and other areas of agriculture, railways and transport.

175: 4634:, the economic growth and outlook in the region sharply declined, ultimately culminating in a deep recession. It proved to be immensely challenging for the successor states to successfully transform their economies to adapt to the new circumstances. All the formal districts of Austria-Hungary used to rely on each other's exports for growth and welfare; by contrast, 5 years after the treaty, traffic of goods between the countries dropped to less than 5% of its former value. This could be attributed to the introduction of aggressive nationalistic policies by local political leaders. 1206: 272: 3715: 2272:"The Hungarian reply showed us our neighbors in a true light... Hungarian cunning and hypocrisy, their slithering smarminess towards the stronger, their brutal imperiousness towards the weak, and inflated scorn for those they consider inferior. The greatest source of their shortcomings and errors is blind and uncritical self-love. These vices, in which they excelled during the war, are still the leading principles of their politics and their whole life. We have a vital interest in carefully following all their movements, but especially in avoiding similar errors." — Ing. 2205:

them. Hungarian representatives also claimed credit for ending the war, when they laid down arms after Wilson promulgated his Fourteen Points, only to be rewarded with occupation and robbery of its territory by the Entente. The Bolshevik revolution in Hungary was also blamed on the Entente. The French representatives countered that the Hungarian parliament was in a political alliance with the Prussians since 1867 and continuously supported German imperialism. Apponyi was reminded of how he himself notoriously welcomed the proclamation of the war against Serbia by shouting

130: 145: 4546: 2450:– would be freed from the occupying Czech and Serbian troops and remain inside Hungary. The great powers understood that Hungary's desperate need for coal and trade with neighbouring countries, particularly Czechoslovakia, would force Budapest to accept the heavy territorial losses in favour of Prague. After the ratification of the Trianon Treaty by the Hungarian Parliament in November 1920, Hungary started receiving increasing quantities of coal via Czechoslovakia. During the 1920s, Czechoslovakia became the most important trading partner of Hungary. 2249:"In the name of the great principle so happily phrased by President Wilson, namely that no group of people, no population, may be transferred from one State to the other without being first consulted – as though they were a herd of cattle with no will of their own – in the name of this great principle, an axiom of good sense and public morals, we request and demand a plebiscite in those parts of Hungary which are now on the point of being severed from us. I declare that we are willing to bow to the decision of a plebiscite, whatever it should be". 1422:. But it also led to international recognition of Hungary and of its sovereignty. The treaty canceled the Belgrade armistice, which gave right to the Allied powers to occupy Hungary. The treaty also granted Hungarian citizens abroad right of protection of their property from nationalization. Most importantly, it guaranteed the free trade between Hungary, Austria, and Czechoslovakia (for 5 years), and obliged Czechoslovakia and Poland to supply coal to Hungary in "reasonable quantity". One of the main elements of the treaty was the doctrine of " 1934:"The Czechoslovak state was recognized by the Allies, and the Allies recognized the Czechoslovak army as Allied. The Czechoslovak state is entitled to occupy the territory of Slovakia, already because the Czechoslovak state as an Allied participant in the war, is participating in the armistice, in which the former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was included. As a result of this, I am authorized to call on the Hungarian government to withdraw its army from the territory of Slovakia without delay..." — Supreme Commander of the Allied Armies Marshal 4154: 3622:

authority of arbitration" while at the same time making a call for putting an end to "the existing unbearable domination of one nation over the other" and making it possible "for nations to organize their relations to each other on the basis of equal rights and free conventions". Furthermore, they believed the treaty would help toward a new era of dependence on international law, the fraternity of nations, equal rights, and human liberty as well as aid civilisation in the effort to free humanity from international violence.

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self-disarmament made the occupation of Hungary directly possible for the relatively small armies of Romania, the Franco-Serbian army, and the armed forces of the newly established Czechoslovakia. Nevertheless, small Hungarian troops were still able to resist the advancement of the Czech army in the North. Only in early December the Budapest government ordered their withdrawal following a political arrangement with Prague which established the first demarcation line between Hungary and Czechoslovakia.

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Hungary, were dangerously high, and industrial output dropped by 65%. What happened to Austria in industry happened to Hungary in agriculture where production of grain declined by more than 70%. Austria, especially the imperial capital Vienna, was a leading investor of development projects throughout the empire with more than 2.2 billion crown capital. This sum sunk to a mere 8.6 million crowns after the treaty took effect and resulted in a starving of capital in other regions of the former empire.

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energy would be in the hands of "less cultured nations", unable to use it. The alleged cultural inferiority of Romanians, Slovaks and Yugoslavs would not only lead to economic decline, but would also have a destructive effect on spiritual and moral life, on science, arts, literature, religion (especially European Catholicism), social development and political organization. This is why these nations did not deserve self-realization and should remain under the leadership of Hungarians

4307:, which voted in favour of Hungary. The Allies were indifferent as to the exact line of the newly defined border between Austria and Hungary. Furthermore, ethnically diverse Transylvania, with an overall Romanian majority (53.8% – 1910 census data or 57.1% – 1919 census data or 57.3% – 1920 census data), was treated as a single entity at the peace negotiations and was assigned in its entirety to Romania. The option of partition along ethnic lines as an alternative was rejected. 3594: 4125: 1172: 245: 2138: 4348: 1170: 1176: 1174: 1169: 14303: 2187:

out any contradiction. Apponyi's claims on the question of education were likewise pointed out to be contradictory to what he claimed and what he passed while in office as Minister of Education (1906–1910), which the Czechoslovak side exploited with great effect. The lack of unity and contradictions of the Hungarian Memoirs was because they failed to consistently pursue a single fact. Instead, they argued in favor of four different positions:

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kingdom there were territories with ethnically mixed populations where people spoke two or even three languages natively. For example, in the territory what is today Slovakia (then part of Upper Hungary) 18% of the Slovaks, 33% of the Hungarians and 65% of the Germans were bilingual. In addition, 21% of the Germans spoke both Slovak and Hungarian beside German. These reasons are ground for debate about the accuracy of the census.

421: 1173: 1224: 4652: 1469:, dated 6 May 1920, stated that the Entente Powers and their allies determined new borders of Hungary without plebiscites due to their belief that "a popular consultation ... would not produce significantly different results". The letter appealed to "a basic historical truth – namely, that for many years the whole effort of Magyar policy had been directed at ignoring ethnic minorities". (Before 4376:

punitive dismemberment (as was seen by the Hungarians). The Hungarians did not see it this way because the newly defined borders did not fully respect territorial distribution of ethnic groups, with areas where there were Hungarian majorities outside the new borders. The French sided with their allies the Romanians who had a long policy of cultural ties to France since the country broke from the

1335:(which just declared its independence on 28 October 1918), Romania, and Yugoslavia put Hungary under an economic blockade. They deprived Hungary of importing food, fuel (coal and petrol) and other important goods. In an attempt to alleviate the economic crisis, succeeding Hungarian governments pleaded with the Entente to lift the blockade and restore regional trade. First peace talks led to an 1948:

divisions. Demarcation lines defining the territory to remain under Hungarian control were made. The lines would apply until definitive borders could be established. The Entente was allowed to occupy strategically important places and its forces were allowed free movement inside Hungary. Under the terms of the armistice, Serbian and French troops advanced from the south, taking control of the

1819:, which assured the functioning of most of transport, industry and heating in cities. By 5 November, Károlyi learnt that the national coal stocks would be empty in 2 days. The energy crisis in Hungary, caused by a shortage of coal, weakened the Budapest government to such an extent that it felt compelled to seek a compromise with Czechoslovakia, which was blocking the coal road to Silesia. 6929: 6160: 2103:, which would increase his domestic support by making good on his promise to restore Hungary's borders. The Hungarian Red Army recruited men between 19 and 25 years of age. Industrial workers from Budapest volunteered. Many former Austro-Hungarian officers re-enlisted for patriotic reasons. The Hungarian Red Army moved its 1st and 5th artillery divisions—40 battalions—to Upper Hungary. 1964:, and by the war's end his troops had penetrated well into Hungary. In mid-November 1918, the Czechoslovak troops advanced into the northern parts of the collapsing kingdom (i.e. future Slovakia), but on 14 November Károlyi ordered the Hungarian forces to repulse the "Czech invasion" back. After King Charles IV's withdrawal from government on 16 November 1918, Károlyi proclaimed the 12237: 2167:, knowing that the Hungarian delegation to Paris would be eventually headed by Apponyi, proposed to compile statistics on Hungarian education, where it would be emphasized that it was precisely Apponyi, who in his role as Minister for Education, suppressed the education of minorities in their native languages. The Czechoslovak delegation would be headed by the Slovak ambassador 1374:. The new cabinet was invited to attend the Paris Peace Conference. In January 1920, it received the Allied proposal for a peace treaty. The treaty stipulated the legalization of the demarcation lines of 13 June 1919 as the new borders and guaranteed the end of the blockade and the restoration of free trade between the former Habsburg lands and the import of coal into Hungary. 4577:

Austria-Hungary. This shows that the various parts of the former monarchy were economically interdependent. As a further illustration of this issue, post-Trianon Hungary produced 5 times more agricultural goods than it needed for itself, and mills around Budapest (some of the largest ones in Europe at the time) operated at 20% capacity. As a consequence of the treaty, all the

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Hungarian government began negotiations with Czechoslovakia and the Entente powers to alleviate the coal crisis. Hungary's desperate need for coal influenced its diplomatic strategy and led it to make concessions. Hungary also sought help from the Entente, recognising that cooperation with its neighbours and the victorious powers was essential for economic recovery.

2240:, only three European countries declared ethnic minority rights, and enacted minority-protecting laws: the first was Hungary (1849 and 1868), the second was Austria (1867), and the third was Belgium (1898). In contrast, the legal systems of other pre-WW1 era European countries did not allow the use of European minority languages in primary schools, in 1473:, only three European countries declared ethnic minority rights, and enacted minority-protecting laws: the first was Hungary (1849 and 1868), the second was Austria (1867), and the third was Belgium (1898). In contrast, the legal systems of other pre-WW1 era European countries did not allow the use of European minority languages in primary schools, in 2252:"Gentlemen! From the point of view of the great interests of humanity I think the fact of national hegemony falling into the hands of races who, while offering the best hopes for the future, are yet today on a low level of civilisation, can be looked upon neither with indifference nor with satisfaction." — Details from the closing speech of Count 4150:. Other important factors were the Hungarian migration from the neighbouring states to Hungary or to some western countries as well as decreased birth rate of Hungarian populations. According to the National Office for Refugees, the number of Hungarians who immigrated to Hungary from neighbouring countries was about 350,000 between 1918 and 1924. 1211: 3445:) to acknowledge the new Romanian territorial gains by a new line set along the Tisza river. Unable to reject these terms and unwilling to accept them, the leaders of the Hungarian Democratic Republic resigned and the Communists seized power. In spite of the country being under Allied blockade, the Hungarian Soviet Republic was formed and the 4533:'s newly formed government liberalized the nationality law by statute. Although Orbán depicted the new law as redressing Trianon, many commentators speculated about an additional political motivation; the law granted voting rights to extraterritorial Hungarians, who were seen as a reliable base of support for Orbán's national-conservative 4204:. Under the forced exchange of population between Czechoslovakia and Hungary, approximately 73,000 Slovaks left Hungary and according to different estimations 120,500 or 45,000 Hungarians moved to present day Hungarian territory from Czechoslovakia. After these population movements, Hungary became a nearly ethnically homogeneous country. 2040:. During these talks with Smuts, Kun insisted that his government would abide by the Belgrade ceasefire and recognise the right to self-determination of the various ethnic groups living in Hungary. In return, Kun urged an end to the Allied trade blockade, particularly by the Czechs, and to allow fuel and food to be imported into Hungary. 3791:

last census are too big. It is also argued that there were different results in previous censuses in the Kingdom of Hungary and subsequent censuses in the new states. Considering the size of discrepancies, some demographers are on the opinion that these censuses were somewhat biased in the favour of the respective ruling nation.

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of their own (Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia). However, these new or enlarged countries also absorbed large slices of territory with a majority of ethnic Hungarians or Hungarian speaking population. As a result, as many as a third of Hungarian language-speakers found themselves outside the borders of the post-Trianon Hungary.

1187: 1193: 1191: 1186: 3349:, a temporary demarcation line that left between 650,000 and 886,000 Hungarians in the newly formed Czechoslovakia and between 142,000 and 399,000 Slovaks in the remainder of Hungary (the discrepancy was caused by the different way census was collected in Hungary and Czechoslovakia). That was signed on 6 December 1918. 1192: 6785: 2430:. Despite the withdrawal of Hungarian troops from the Upper Hungarian territories claimed by Prague (Slovakia in December 1918-January 1919 and Subcarpathian Ruthenia in April-July 1919), Czechoslovakia maintained a blockade on coal exports to Hungary until the signing of the Trianon Peace Treaty in June 1920. 1215: 4883:

Gulyás, László; Anka, László; Arday, Lajos; Csüllög, Gábor; Gecse, Géza; Hajdú, Zoltán; Hamerli, Petra; Heka, László; Jeszenszky, Géza; Kaposi, Zoltán; Kolontári, Attila; Köő, Artúr; Kurdi, Krisztina; Ligeti, Dávid; Majoros, István; Maruzsa, Zoltán; Miklós, Péter; Nánay, Mihály; Olasz, Lajos; Ördögh,

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that autonomy for the nationalities was no longer enough. Accordingly, the Allies assumed without question that the minority ethnic groups of the pre-war kingdom wanted to leave Hungary. The Romanians joined their ethnic brethren in Romania, while the Slovaks, Serbs and Croats helped establish states

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After the treaty, the percentage and the absolute number of all Hungarian populations outside of Hungary decreased in the next decades (although, some of these populations also recorded temporary increase of the absolute population number). There are several reasons for this population decrease, some

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Some predominantly Hungarian settlements, consisting of more than two million people, were situated in a typically 20–50 km (12–31 mi) wide strip along the new borders in foreign territory. More concentrated groups were found in Czechoslovakia (parts of southern Slovakia), Yugoslavia (parts

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and declared that the torso of the historic Hungarian kingdom could not live without the lost regions, without its mineral wealth, water energy and labor force. Hungary would never accept these borders and would follow a policy aimed at its revision. The lengthy negotiation process was recorded on a

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led a small but very active pacifist anti-war maverick faction in the Hungarian parliament. He even organized covert contacts with British and French diplomats in Switzerland. On 25 October 1918 Károlyi had formed the Hungarian National Council. The Austro-Hungarian monarchy politically collapsed and

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and the Hungarian Parliament (opened in February 1920) accepted the peace terms. While it welcomed the restoration of peace and trade, it still formally protested against the cession of their former territories without plebiscites. The Peace Treaty was signed on 4 June 1920, ratified by Hungary on 16

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moved their armies further into Hungary in April 1919, provoking a renewal of hostilities between these three countries. In June 1919, the Entente powers ordered Budapest, Prague, and Bucharest to cease fights and accept new demarcation lines that would be guaranteed as the future borders of Hungary.

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The disintegration of the multinational state conversely impacted neighbouring countries, too: In Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Bulgaria a fifth to a third of the rural population could find no work, and industry was in no position to absorb them. In comparison, by 1921 the new Czechoslovak state

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as a serious potential aftermath of the treaty. This opinion was not taken into account during the negotiations. Thus, the resulting uneasiness and despondency of one part of the concerned population was later one of the main antecedents of World War II. Unemployment levels in Austria, as well as in

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present throughout the empire: that is, in the Austrian part of the monarchy manufacturing industries were highly advanced, while in the Kingdom of Hungary an agro-industrial economy had emerged. By the late 19th century, economic growth of the eastern regions consistently surpassed that of western,

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ended in 1989. For example, Hungary attracted international media attention in 1999 for passing the "status law" concerning estimated three-million ethnic Hungarian minorities in neighbouring Romania, Slovakia, Serbia and Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia and Ukraine. The law aimed to provide education,

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Another reason why the victorious Allies decided to dissolve the Austria-Hungary was to prevent Germany from acquiring substantial influence in the future, since Austria-Hungary was a strong German supporter and fast developing region. The Western powers' main priority was to prevent a resurgence of

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While several demographers (David W. Paul, Peter Hanak, László Katus) state that the outcome of the census is reasonably accurate (assuming that it is also properly interpreted), others believe that the 1910 census was manipulated by exaggerating the percentage of the speakers of Hungarian, pointing

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While coal production in the Habsburg Monarchy had been declining after 1914, the disappearance of imperial unity at the end of 1918 halted the distribution of coal from the Silesian mines to various consuming regions, including Hungary. Coal production in Hungary fell from 10 million tonnes in 1913

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Romania, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia had to assume part of the financial obligations of the former Kingdom of Hungary on account of the parts of its former territory that were assigned under their sovereignty. Some conditions of the treaty were similar to those imposed on Germany by the Treaty of

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The drastic shift in economic climate forced the countries to re-evaluate their situation and to promote industries where they had fallen short. Austria and Czechoslovakia subsidised the mill, sugar and brewing industries, while Hungary attempted to increase the efficiency of iron, steel, glass and

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Post-Trianon Hungary possessed 90% of the engineering and printing industry of the pre-war kingdom, while only 11% of timber and 16% of iron was retained. In addition, 61% of arable land, 74% of public roads, 65% of canals, 62% of railroads, 64% of hard surface roads, 83% of pig iron output, 55% of

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For Hungarian public opinion, the fact that almost three-fourths of the pre-war kingdom's territory and a significant number of ethnic Hungarians were assigned to neighbouring countries triggered considerable bitterness. Most Hungarians preferred to maintain the territorial integrity of the pre-war

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The territories of the former Hungarian Kingdom that were ceded by the treaty to neighbouring countries in total (and each of them separately) had a majority of non-Hungarian nationals; however, the Hungarian ethnic area was much larger than the newly established territory of Hungary, therefore 30%

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parliament, an autonomous kingdom within Transleithania, terminated the union with the Kingdom of Hungary and on 30 October 1918 the Hungarian diet adopted a motion declaring that the constitutional relations between the two states had ended. Croatia-Slavonia was included in a newly formed State of

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The Treaty of Trianon not only redrew Hungary's borders but also laid down rules for the restoration of economic relations between Hungary and foreign countries, including its neighbors - the Entente allies: Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia. The peace treaty de facto ended the Allied blockade

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at the Hungarian Parliament in 1914, and how he proceeded to make territorial demands against Serbia. The Hungarian delegation claimed that a diminished Hungary would not be capable of independent economic life and would only be a burden to the Entente. What's worse, all the lost natural wealth and

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In late May, after the Entente military representative demanded more territorial concessions from Hungary, Kun attempted to "fulfill" his promise to adhere to Hungary's historical borders. The men of the Hungarian Red Army were recruited mainly from the volunteers of the Budapest proletariat. On 20

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dispatched Pavel Fábry to Budapest on an official mission to discuss public security and police order in their respective areas. Fábry reported back that the Károlyi government considered the fight against Yugoslavs and Romanians to be lost, and instead aimed to send all of their military forces to

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While the territories that were now outside Hungary's borders had non-Hungarian majorities overall, there also existed some sizeable areas with a majority of Hungarians, largely near the newly defined borders. Over the last century, concerns have been raised frequently about the treatment of these

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In the Kingdom of Hungary, the 1910 census was based on mother tongue. According to the census, 54.4% of the inhabitants of Hungary were recorded to speak Hungarian as their native language. This number included the Jewish ethnic group (around 5% of the population according to a separate census on

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The last census before the Treaty of Trianon was held in 1910. This census recorded population by language and religion but not by ethnicity. On the other hand, in pre-WW1 era Europe, there were only language censuses in a few countries, but the first ethnic censuses were not implemented in Europe

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The acute coal shortage had a profound effect on Hungary's economy and infrastructure. Industrial production and transport were severely hampered. The shortage led to desperate diplomatic efforts by the government in Budapest to secure coal supplies and stabilise the economy. In November 1918, the

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The Hungarian representatives placed the blame for the Great War on the former Austrian government. The war was directed centrally from Vienna and Hungarians took no responsibility for its origin or continuation. Hungarians committed no sin other than fighting bravely in the war that was forced on

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intended to present a harmonious life of the nations and nationalities inside the Kingdom of Hungary while denying their oppression, marginalization and systematic assimilation. But its massive size also turned to be its greatest weakness, as it made it easy for the Paris peace commission to point

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Documents diplomatiques français. 1920-1932. 1920, Tome I, 10 janvier-18 mai / Ministère des affaires étrangères, Commission de publication des documents diplomatiques français ; [réd. Par Anne Hogenhuis-Seliverstoff, Corine Defrance, Traian Sandu] ; [sous la dir. De Jacques

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By the time the victorious Allies arrived in France, the treaty was already settled, which made the outcome inevitable. At the heart of the dispute lay fundamentally different views on the nature of the Hungarian presence in the disputed territories. For Hungarians, the outer territories were not

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Romania was promised Transylvania and some other territories to the east of river Tisza, provided that she attacked Austria-Hungary from the south-east, where defences were weak. However, after the Central Powers had noticed the military manoeuvre, the attempt was quickly choked off and Bucharest

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With regard to the ethnic issues, the Western powers were aware of the problem posed by the presence of so many Hungarians (and Germans) living outside the newly formed states of Hungary and Austria. The Romanian delegation to Versailles feared in 1919 that the Allies were beginning to favour the

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The percentage and the absolute number of all non-Hungarian nationalities decreased in the next decades, although the total population of the country increased. Bilingualism was also disappearing. The main reasons of this process were both spontaneous assimilation and the deliberate Magyarization

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Hungary lost 72% of its territory, its sea access, half of its 10 biggest cities and all of its precious metal mines; 3,425,000 ethnic Hungarians found themselves separated from their motherland. Based on the 1910 Hungarian census with the Administrative Kingdom of Hungary in green and autonomous

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and Julius Mesaros) dispute the result of every pre-war census. Owen Johnson, an American historian, accepts the numbers of the earlier censuses up to the one in 1900, according to which the proportion of the Hungarians was 51.4%, but he neglects the 1910 census as he thinks the changes since the

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The census of 1910 classified the residents of the Kingdom of Hungary by their native languages and religions, so it presents the preferred language of the individual, which may or may not correspond to the individual's ethnic identity. To make the situation even more complex, in the multilingual

1824:

The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian army on the Italian front also affected the rear units in Hungary. By the beginning of November 1918, the collapsing statehood was experiencing "disturbances" or "looting". On the 1st of November, the pacifist and pro-Entente Károlyi's new Hungarian government

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monarchy). The kingdom had a population of 7.6 million, 36% compared to the pre-war kingdom's population of 20.9 million. Though the areas that were allocated to neighbouring countries had a majority of non-Hungarians, in them lived 3.3 million Hungarians – 31% of the Hungarians – who then became

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The treaty's perceived disproportion has had a lasting impact on Hungarian politics and culture, with some commentators even likening it to a "collective pathology" that places Trianon into a much larger narrative of Hungarian victimhood at the hands of foreign powers. Within Hungary, Trianon is

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Hungary has undergone the greatest occupation of her territories and her wealth. This poor great country, which saved both civilization and Christianity, has been treated with a bitterness which nothing can explain except the desire of greed of those surrounding her, and the fact that the weaker

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The Hungarian delegation, led by Count Apponyi, arrived in Paris on 7 January 1920 and was informed that the peace conditions would be submitted to him on 15 January. On 14 January, Apponyi publicly protested in the press against the conditions for peace, despite still not knowing their official

2043:

The communists remained bitterly unpopular in the Hungarian countryside, where the authority of that government was often nonexistent. Rather than divide the big estates among the peasants – which might have gained their support for the government, but would have created a class of small-holding

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The Kingdom of Hungary was the main supplier of wheat, rye, barley and other various goods in the empire, and these comprised a large portion of the empire's exports. Meanwhile, the territory of present-day Czech Republic (Kingdom of Bohemia) owned 75% of the whole industrial capacity of former

4255:

The minority ethnic groups of the pre-war kingdom were the major beneficiaries. The Allies had explicitly committed themselves to the causes of the minority peoples of Austria-Hungary late in World War I. For all intents and purposes, the death knell of the Austro-Hungarian empire sounded on 14

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regarded the treaty of Trianon for being an act of historical righteousness because a better future for their nations was "to be founded and durably assured on the firm basis of world democracy, real and sovereign government by the people, and a universal alliance of the nations vested with the

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declared union of this region with Serbia on 25 November 1918. The ceasefire line had the character of a temporary international border until the treaty. The central parts of Banat were later assigned to Romania, respecting the wishes of Romanians from this area, which, on 1 December 1918, were

1641:

responded that although Károlyi was right that the war was lost, Hungary did not need further democratisation during wartime. The only important task was to preserve the territorial integrity of Hungary, which Tisza claimed did not go against Wilson's points. (Tisza was bitterly unpopular among

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and army were disbanded. The army of post-Trianon Hungary was to be restricted to 35,000 men, and there was to be no conscription. Heavy artillery, tanks and air force were prohibited. No railway was to be built with more than one track, because at that time railways held substantial strategic

2266:

mixed them all in a confusing way. Hungary also demanded plebiscites as a means to restore the former multi-national Kingdom of Hungary, and not to create a majority Hungarian nation state. The Supreme Council of the Peace Conference, when drawing the Czechoslovak–Hungarian border, applied the

1989:

informed Budapest of a new demarcation line, and the Hungarian government agreed to extend the Czechoslovak zone of occupation to Pozsony (Bratislava), Komárom (Komárno), Kassa (Košice) and Ungvár (Užhhorod). By late January 1919, the Czechoslovak troops advanced into these areas. The Budapest

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saw the Hungarians as colonial-style rulers who had oppressed the Slavs and Romanians since 1848, when they introduced laws that the language used in education and in local offices was to be Hungarian. For non-Hungarians from the Pannonian Basin it was a process of decolonisation instead of a

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Czechoslovakia and the Entente powers strategically used coal supplies as leverage to force Hungary to make territorial and political concessions. The negotiated peace treaty project included passages, which stipulated the obligation of Czechoslovakia and Poland to provide coal to Hungary in

1231: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1947:

with the Allied nations, in order that a Treaty of Peace might be concluded. The terms of the armistice were harsh and without compromise. The Hungarian government had to withdraw its troops behind a line deep into Hungary. The army had to disarm, except for its six infantry and two cavalry

1668:

On 18 October Woodrow Wilson responded to the peace offer of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, burying the hope that federalization would preserve its territorial integrity. Wilson emphasized that since his Fourteen Points on 8 January the situation has changed, that the USA has recognized the

8616:

Vide for the controversy of the role of the state: Berend, Iván T. and Ranki, G. (1978) "Az allam szerepe az europai 'periferia' XIX. szazadi gazdasagi fejlodesben." The Role of the State in the 19th Century Economic Development of the European "periphery." Valosag 21, no.3. Budapest, pp.

1629:, agreed to the proposal to discuss peace on the basis of Wilson's Fourteen Points. At the same time, it declared that the problem of non-Hungarian nations in Hungary was an internal matter for the state. Wekerle refused to publicly admit that the war was lost. Responding to that, Count 1232: 1852:

on 2 November 1918 On the request of the Austro-Hungarian government, an armistice was granted to Austria-Hungary on 3 November 1918 by the Allies. Disarmament of its army meant that Hungary was to remain without a national defence at a time of particular vulnerability. The unilateral

4251:

Officially the treaty was intended to be a confirmation of the right of self-determination for nations and of the concept of nation-states replacing the old multinational Austro-Hungarian empire. Although the treaty addressed some nationality issues, it also sparked some new ones.

1916:

to become Minister without portfolio for nationality questions. Jászi wanted to indicate that the old Hungarian policy towards non-Hungarian nations and nationalities was over and a new democratic course was to begin. According to Jászi, the main aim of his nationality policy was

1363:

Despite temporary military successes against the Czechs, Budapest accepted the offer and withdrew its army behind the demarcation line. Bucharest, however, ignored the Entente order and continued its offensive. In early August 1919, the Romanian army entered Budapest and a

4400:

kingdom. The Hungarian politicians claimed that they were ready to give the non-Hungarian ethnicities a great deal of autonomy. Most Hungarians regarded the treaty as an insult to the nation's honour. The Hungarian political attitude towards Trianon was summed up in the phrases

3460:

After a Hungarian-Czechoslovak cease-fire signed on 1 July 1919, the Hungarian Red Army left parts of Slovakia by 4 July, as the Entente powers promised to invite a Hungarian delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference. In the end, this particular invitation was not issued.

1990:

approval for the Czechoslovak advancement was largely explained by the Hungarian desire to reopen trade with Czech lands and to obtain crucially needed coal amidst an energy crisis. As a result, by 4 February 1919, the Czechoslovak Ministry moved its headquarters from Zsolna (

1814:

erupted and Charles IV King of Hungary appointed the liberal Károlyi as prime minister. The revolution in Budapest occurred in parallel to the disintegration of the Austria-Hungary trade network. The heaviest blow to the government was caused by the stop of coal imports from

3799:

The number of non-Hungarian and Hungarian communities in the different areas based on the census data of 1910 (in this, people were not directly asked about their ethnicity, but about their native language). The present day location of each area is given in parentheses.

1171: 3638:

map of the Hungary proper publicised by the Hungarian delegation. Regions with population density below 20 persons/km (51.8 persons/sq. mi.) are left blank and the corresponding population is represented in the nearest region with population density above that limit.

1441:

are for the most part the same as those defined by the Treaty of Trianon. Minor modifications occurred in 1921-1924 on the Hungarian-Austrian border and the transfer of three villages to Czechoslovakia in 1947. However, the actual borders of Hungary stem out from the

14607: 1617:

to guarantee the political independence and territorial integrity of all states. It called for a just and democratic peace uncompromised by territorial annexation. Point ten announced Wilson's "wish" that the peoples of Austria-Hungary be given autonomy—a point that

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Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs (which also included some other South Slavic territories, formerly administered by Austria-Hungary) on 29 October 1918. This state and the Kingdom of Serbia formed the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) on 1 December 1918.

1973:

the northern front, in order to at least retain "Upper Hungary". Fábry entered talks with Károlyi and Jászi, agreeing to nothing while stalling for time, until the Entente could act. On 6 December, following a note from 3 December sent to Budapest by French Marshal

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Trianon's legacy is similarly implicated in the question of whether to grant extraterritorial ethnic Hungarians citizenship, an important issue in contemporary Hungarian politics. In 2004, a majority of voters approved extending citizenship to ethnic Hungarians in

4642:

fields evaporated. The lack of specialisation adversely affected the whole Danube-Carpathian region and caused a distinct setback of growth and development compared to western and northern European regions as well as high financial vulnerability and instability.

2064:. The Romanian Army attacked the Hungarian flank with troops from the 16th Infantry Division and the Second Vânători Division, aiming to maintain contact with the Czechoslovak Army. Hungarian troops prevailed, and the Romanian Army retreated to its bridgehead at 2129:, Kun withdrew from Czechoslovakia his remaining military units who had remained loyal after the political fiasco with the Slovak Soviet Republic. Kun then unsuccessfully tried to turn the remaining units of the demoralized Hungarian Red Army on the Romanians. 1588:

On 6 April 1917, the United States entered the war against Germany and in December 1917 against Austria-Hungary. The American war aim was to end aggressive militarism as shown by Berlin and Vienna; the United States never formally joined the Allies. President

1229: 2149:

entered Budapest, taking over the running of the country for a long time and thus bringing to an end the period of unstable Hungarian governments. By December 1919, text of the proposed Peace Treaty with Hungary was fully prepared in Paris. Thereafter, the

12309: 12289: 1998:(formerly Pozsony). During the rule of Károlyi's pacifist cabinet, Hungary rapidly lost control over approximately 75% of its former pre-WWI territories (325,411 km (125,642 sq mi)) without a fight and was subject to foreign occupation. 12299: 4671:

Articles 54–60 of the treaty required Hungary to recognise various rights of national minorities within its borders. Articles 61–66 state that all former citizens of the Kingdom of Hungary living outside the newly defined frontiers of Hungary were to

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might offer its mediation to rectify the new borders amicably if suggested by the delimitation commission. The Hungarian diplomacy later appealed to the Millerand letter as a Great Powers promise of future territorial revisions in favour of Hungary.

2328:

The treaty of peace in its final form was submitted to the Hungarians on 6 May and signed by them in Grand Trianon on 4 June 1920, entering into force on 26 July 1921. An extensive accompanying letter, written by the Chairman of the Peace Conference

12242: 1433:

The treaty was dictated by the Allies rather than negotiated, and the Hungarians faced an option to accept or reject its terms in full. The Hungarian delegation signed the treaty under protest, and agitation for its revision began immediately.

3394: 12247: 4247:. The inscription says: "To the King Peter I, gratious people, to its liberator". Separation from the Kingdom of Hungary and unification with the Kingdom of Serbia was seen as an act of national liberation by the Vojvodinian Serbs. 1208: 2036:. When the Republic of Councils in Hungary was established, it controlled only approximately 23% of Hungary's historic territory. After the Communist takeover, the Allies sent a new diplomatic mission to Budapest, led by General 1505:

launched a series of attacks to oust the Austrian forces that entered the area. During the Sopron plebiscite in late 1921, the polling stations were supervised by British, French, and Italian army officers of the Allied Powers.

2162:

with collecting and preparing all the material necessary for the peace conference. Nevertheless it was Apponyi who took over the conceptual leadership of all the works connected with the peace talk. The Czechoslovak President

1768:. The launch of an offensive by 51 Entente divisions along the whole Italian front on 24 October 1918 lead to the destruction of the Austro-Hungarian army. The troops of Austria-Hungary started a chaotic withdrawal during the 2391:

of Hungary and de jure ordered the resumption of regional trade and the supply of coal to Hungary from Czechoslovakia and Poland. Together with other international agreements signed at the Paris Peace Conference, such as the

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often referred to as a "diktat", "tragedy", and "trauma". According to a study, two-thirds of Hungarians agreed in 2020 that parts of neighbouring countries should belong to them, the highest percentage in any NATO country.

2311:"In the former Kingdom of Hungary, he embodied the spirit of disregard and oppression of the Slovaks, and as such I would grant to him that he should be the one to sign the sentence of condemnation not only of his life..." 8626:

Lengyel, L. (1978) "Kolcsonos tarsadalmi fuggoseg a XIX szazadi europai gazdasagi fejlodesben." (Socio-Economic Interdependence in the European Economic Development of the 19th Century.) Valosag 21, no. 9. Budapest. pp.

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chemical industries. The stated objective was that all countries should become self-sufficient. This tendency, however, led to uniform economies and competitive economic advantage of long well-established industries and

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lose their Hungarian citizenship in one year. Under articles 79 to 101 Hungary renounced all privileges of the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy in territories outside Europe, including Morocco, Egypt, Siam and China.

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Miller, Vol. IV, 209. Document 246. "Outline of Tentative Report and Recommendations Prepared by the Intelligence Section, in Accordance with Instructions, for the President and the Plenipotentiaries 21 January

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religion and about 23% of Budapest's citizenry) who were overwhelmingly Hungarian-speaking (the Jews tending to declare German as mother tongue due to the immigration of Jews of Yiddish/German mother tongue).

2068:. There, between 25 and 30 May, Romanian forces were required to defend their position against Hungarian attacks. On 3 June, Romania was forced into further retreat but extended its line of defence along the 2178:: a huge amount of written material containing 346 memoirs supplemented with 4000 pages of large office format with 100 maps and many other statistical and graphical supplements. Copies of the basic set of 1188: 2399:, it provided the legal framework for overcoming the economic chaos in Central Europe caused by the First World War and exacerbated by the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian common market in late 1918. 1646:

drew most of his votes from ethnic minorities during the parliamentary elections.) The non-Hungarian ethnic groups of Hungary would receive only small concession. The sole Slovak member of the parliament,

12893: 2145:

After the fall of the communist regime of Béla Kun, the instability of the Hungarian state delayed the sending of a Hungarian delegation to the Peace conference in Paris. On 16 November 1919, Admiral

12273: 7703: 6881:] (in Hungarian). Budapest, MTA: MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézet (Historical Sciences Institute, Social Sciences Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences). 1227: 14269: 6479:

Aliaksandr Piahanau, 'Each Wagon of Coal Should Be Paid for with Territorial concessions.' Hungary, Czechoslovakia,and the Coal Shortage in 1918–21, Diplomacy & Statecraft 34/1 (2023): 86-116

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government, which received the international recognition of the Entente, was invited to participate in the Paris Peace Conference on 2 December. The notable pre-WW1 politician and diplomat Count

7080:[The Annexation of Međimurje to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes: From the unsuccessful attempt on 13 November to the successful occupation of Međimurje on 24 December 1918]. 14511: 3759:, who were included in speakers of the Hungarian language. The population of the autonomous Croatia-Slavonia was mostly composed of Croats and Serbs (who together counted 87% of population). 3263:

temporary borders of independent Hungary were defined by the ceasefire lines in November–December 1918. Compared with the pre-war Kingdom of Hungary, these temporary borders did not include:

4581:

industries of the former empire were compelled to close doors, as great capacity was met by negligible demand owing to economic barriers presented in the form of the newly defined borders.

3776:

in the late 19th century. For example, the 1921 census in Czechoslovakia (only one year after the Treaty of Trianon) shows 21% Hungarians in Slovakia, compared to 30% based on 1910 census.

33: 3735:) and 54% of the population of the territory referred to as "Hungary proper", i.e. excluding Croatia. Within the borders of "Hungary proper" numerous ethnic minorities were present: 16.1% 2339:"territorial clauses in the peace conditions would not be changed at all, because any change of the frontiers which the Hungarian delegation demanded would have very unfortunate results" 14373: 7771:[V. Population and Society – Demographic Characteristics and Processes – Hungary's Population – Development of Mother Tongue and Nationality]. In István, Kollega Tarsoly (ed.). 4408:("Return everything!" or "Everything back!"). The perceived humiliation of the treaty became a dominant theme in inter-war Hungarian politics, analogous with the German reaction to the 2404:

The critical element of the economic paralysis in Hungary and other Danubian countries was the shortage of coal, which had been aggravating since 1914, but became critical in 1918-1920.

1662:

had the right to represent Slovaks at the peace conference and demanded the right to self-determination for all nations of Hungary. The Hungarian parliament erupted in anger, shouting

11929: 2468: 1779:, Croatia, where the 79th Infantry regiment rebelled and occupied the town. Fearing the spread of revolution from Croatia to Hungary, Prime Minister Wekerle resigned under pressure. 1764:

were proclaimed, and troops started deserting, disobeying orders and retreating. Many Czechoslovak troops, in fact, started working for the Allied cause, and in September 1918, five

1748:

out of the war. That collapse of the Southern (Italian) Front was one of several developments that effectively triggered the November 1918 armistice. By the end of October 1918, the

14590: 14555: 11066: 2095:, now claimed by the newly forming Czechoslovak state. The Hungarian Red Army achieved some military success early on: under the leadership of Colonel Aurél Stromfeld, it ousted 11081: 3618: 3570:, which were under Serb-Croat-Slovene administration after November 1918, were assigned to Hungary. An arbitration committee in 1920 assigned small northern parts of the former 13935: 5235:, p. 1183: "Virtually the entire population of what remained of Hungary regarded the Treaty of Trianon as manifestly unfair, and agitation for revision began immediately." 14850: 11265: 4884:

Tibor; Pelles, Márton; Popély, Gyula; Sokcsevits, Dénes; Suba, János; Szávai, Ferenc; Tefner, Zoltán; Tóth, Andrej; Tóth, Imre; Vincze, Gábor; Vizi, László Tamás (2019–2020).

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to the discrepancy between an improbably high growth of the Hungarian-speaking population and the decrease of percentual participation of speakers of other languages through

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grew by 1.46%. This level of growth compared very favourably to that of other European states such as Britain (1.00%), France (1.06%), and Germany (1.51%). There was also a

2347:"that it would be better to not change the historic borders: The continuation of a situation, even if it is a thousand years old, is not justified if it is against justice." 2335:"could not ignore the partial responsibility which falls on Hungary for the outbreak of the World War and in general for the imperialist policy pursued by the Dual Monarchy" 1331:

declared independence of Hungary from Austria and immediately began peace talks with the Allies. Despite the end of hostilities, the Entente Allies – Hungary's neighbours –

1868:

On 7 November, Hungarian Prime Minister Mihály Károlyi meets General Louis Franchet d'Espèrey in Belgrade. d'Espèrey bluntly informed Károlyi that the Hungarian government

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in Romania) decided in question of Transylvania to choose clear neutrality, without committing themselves either to the Hungarian or the Romanian side on 25 November 1918.

3499:

The final borders of Hungary were defined by the Treaty of Trianon signed on 4 June 1920. Beside exclusion of the previously mentioned territories, they did not include:

15051: 14600: 12921: 2351:"the basic historic fact was that for many years all the efforts of the Hungarian political elite were directed towards silencing the voices of the national minorities." 13925: 5949:[A Country Without an Army (1918)]. In Kollega Tarsoly, István; Bekény, István; Dányi, Dezső; Hernádi, László Mihály; Illésfalvi, Péter; Károly, István (eds.). 15081: 2345:

and thus the Great Powers were forced to leave some populations under the sovereignty of other states. In spite of this, the Great Powers rejected the Hungarian claim

2313:

The Czechoslovak, Romanian and Yugoslavian delegation decided on a joint approach when replying to the Hungarian memorandums. On 26 February, the Hungarian newspaper

15056: 11163: 1609:

was assumed. It called for a negotiated end to the war, international disarmament, the withdrawal of the Central Powers from occupied territories, the creation of a

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reached 75% of its pre-war production owing to their favourable position among the victors and greater associated access to international rehabilitation resources.

14708: 10800: 10624: 9964: 1553:

resulting in Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia, followed quickly by the entry of most European powers into the First World War. Two alliances faced off, the

1154: 864: 688: 15091: 12931: 12268: 11700: 11242: 7423:

Menyhért, Anna (2016). "The Image of the "Maimed Hungary" in 20th-Century Cultural Memory and the 21st Century Consequences of an Unresolved Collective Trauma".

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that included 93,073 square kilometres (35,936 sq mi), 28% of the 325,411 square kilometres (125,642 sq mi) that had constituted the pre-war

7078:"Pripojenje Međimurja Kraljevstvu Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca: Od neuspjeloga pokušaja 13. studenog do uspješnoga zaposjedanja Međimurja 24. prosinca 1918. godine" 2273: 11270: 9777: 9285:

Piahanau, Aliaksandr (2023). "'Each Wagon of Coal Should Be Paid for with Territorial concessions.' Hungary, Czechoslovakia,and the Coal Shortage in 1918–21".

1922: 12392: 8339:

Born to rule: granddaughters of Victoria, queens of Europe: Maud of Norway, Sophie of Greece, Alexandra of Russia, Marie of Romania, Victoria Eugenie of Spain

2413: 2229:, which the Hungarian state blamed on their inferior languages. The Slovaks, Romanians and Jews "willingly" magyarized themselves, because they realized that 1712:

between August and November 1918 and was in negotiation of armistice with Allied Powers from the beginning of October 1918. Between 15 and 29 September 1918,

14669: 11458: 11185: 10877: 9835: 9340:

Romsics, Ignác (2000). "The Trianon Peace Treaty in Hungarian Historiography and Political Thinking". In Hupchick, Dennis P.; Weisberger, R. William (eds.).

8477: 8050: 14868: 12858: 12080: 11565: 2333:, was sent along with the Peace Treaty to Hungary. The letter emphasized that the Great Powers studied the notes provided by the Hungarian delegation, but 8980: 5513: 2295: 2158:

was appointed to lead the Hungarian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference to represent the Hungarian interests. Simultaneously, Horthy entrusted Count

13351: 12864: 12092: 11473: 11228: 5774: 2262:

The arguments used by Hungary concentrated on proving the historical, geographical, economic and spiritual unity of the old Kingdom of Hungary. Yet, the

1961: 15076: 12937: 11994: 11468: 11158: 11109: 11024: 5009:"Text of the Treaty, Treaty of Peace Between The Allied and Associated Powers and Hungary And Protocol and Declaration, Signed at Trianon June 4, 1920" 1648: 7669: 4573:

thus discrepancies eventually began to diminish. The key success of fast development was specialisation of each region in fields that they were best.

13950: 11312: 3780: 9433: 3731:. According to the census, speakers of the Hungarian language included approximately 48% of the population of the kingdom (including the autonomous 14684: 13834: 9209:

Bihari, Peter (2006). "Images of defeat: Hungary after the lost war, the revolutions and the Peace Treaty of Trianon". In Stradling, Robert (ed.).

8175: 5592: 2529: 8969: 15136: 15086: 13955: 13945: 11153: 10511: 4719: 2739: 906: 15071: 15041: 7840: 9942: 4388:. President Wilson initially supported the outline of a border that would have more respect to ethnic distribution of population based on the 4335:

terms, Romanian troops had considerably fewer casualties than either Britain or France, however. The underlying reason for the decision was a

2343:"the nationality situation in Central Europe is such that it is not possible to ensure that political borders fully agree with ethnic borders" 14986: 13930: 12365: 10004: 6319: 3259:

The Hungarian government terminated its union with Austria on 31 October 1918, officially dissolving the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy. The

1897:

On 11 November Germany signed an armistice with Allies, under which they had to immediately withdraw all German troops in Romania and in the

9349:

Romsics, Ignác (2013). "Hungarian Revisionism in Thought and Action, 1920–1941: Plans, Expectations, Reality". In Cattaruzza, Marina (ed.).

15001: 14991: 14956: 14540: 13536: 13039: 12730: 11213: 11143: 10782: 9994: 9905: 3246: 2994: 2834: 2759: 1147: 681: 7855:"1910. ÉVI NÉPSZÁMLÁLÁS 1. A népesség főbb adatai községek és népesebb puszták, telepek szerint (1912) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana" 6131: 3469:

on 20 July 1919. After fierce fighting that lasted some five days, the Hungarian Red Army collapsed. The Royal Romanian Army marched into

1035: 15061: 14824: 13827: 12087: 11953: 11693: 11237: 10128: 9582: 4790: 2341:. Examination of Hungarian counter-proposals only confirmed to them that the borders should remain as they were drafted in 1919, because 8907: 8602: 1658:, opened his speech by denying the right of the Hungarian parliament to speak or act in the name of the Slovaks, declared that only the 15046: 9805: 7390: 4526: 2599: 5957:

Hungary in the XX. century - Volume I: Politics and Society, Military history, Legislation - II. National Defense and Military Affairs

5142: 15121: 15116: 11946: 10135: 8409: 2119: 1542: 1478: 912: 900: 9486: 9210: 7562: 5861:

Dismantling of Historic Hungary: The Peace Treaty of Trianon, 1920 Issue 3 of CHSP Hungarian authors series East European monographs

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since 22 May. Hungary then controlled the territory almost to its old borders; regained control of industrial areas around Miskolc,

1312:. The treaty is mostly famous due to the territorial changes induced on Hungary and recognizing its new international borders after 918: 15036: 13314: 12971: 11960: 9787: 4521:

health benefits and employment rights to these minorities as a means of providing reparations for Trianon's negative consequences.

1101: 1077: 965: 11463: 6556: 6039: 4331:

casualty rate in the war than either Britain or France so it was considered that the Western powers had a moral debt to repay. In

1465:, which accompanied the text of the Peace Treaty with Hungary. The letter, signed by the President of the Paris Peace Conference, 15126: 14794: 14545: 14093: 13768: 12474: 11770: 11395: 11233: 11220: 11177: 11086: 10812: 10614: 10521: 10423: 10181: 9828: 6277:"'Each Wagon of Coal Should be Paid for with Territorial concessions.' Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and the Coal Shortage in 1918–21" 5058:"'Each Wagon of Coal Should be Paid for with Territorial concessions.' Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and the Coal Shortage in 1918–21" 2974: 2032:. Days later the communists purged the social democrats from the government. The Hungarian Soviet Republic was a small communist 1140: 674: 484: 15131: 14612: 14194: 13889: 13869: 12899: 12128: 12115: 11987: 11914: 11838: 11730: 11709: 11686: 11587: 11577: 11445: 7928: 5287: 4750: 2644: 2392: 2182:

were sent to Paris in January 1920, and further supplements, protest notes and demands were added in the following months. The

1461:, the Allies refused to organise plebiscites in Hungary to draw its new borders. The Allies explained this decision in a cover 1293: 953: 724: 650: 544: 442: 412: 8509:

Chmel, Rudolf (2002). "Syndrom of Trianon in Hungarian Foreign Policy and Act on Hungarians Living in Neighboring Countries".

14941: 14595: 14363: 14291: 13044: 12616: 11735: 11359: 11293: 11130: 11009: 10682: 9701: 9557: 9421: 9393: 9358: 9330: 9220: 9125: 9104: 9085: 9066: 9028: 8958: 8761: 8645: 8536: 8458: 8384: 8346: 8303: 8277: 8159: 7911: 7736: 7713: 7679: 7657: 7545: 6635: 6608: 6583: 6536: 6505: 6463: 6435: 6409: 6385: 6362: 6198: 6079: 5909: 5868: 5843: 5788: 5754: 5723: 5631: 5606: 5332: 4926: 4897: 4827: 4228: 3313: 2824: 2709: 1694: 1664:"Where is this council!? Where is the Slovak nation!? What county does it live in!? Who is this really!? Stop him speaking!!" 447: 7769:"V. Népesség és társadalom – Demográfiai jellemzők és folyamatok – Magyarország népessége – Anyanyelv, nemzetiség alakulása" 4231:(1 December 1918) – Union of Transylvania with Romania, seen as an act of national liberation by the Transylvanian Romanians 2386:

Coal exports from Silesia to neighboring regions in 1913. The map was produced by the Czechoslovak map-makers in early 1919.

2283:, Slovak archeologist, historian and publicist, speaking after the conclusion of the 1920 Paris Peace conference at Trianon 14223: 13358: 12771: 12548: 12207: 12172: 12027: 11534: 10954: 9739: 9497: 7988: 4197:

policy of the state. Minorities made up 8% of the total population in 1930 and 7% in 1941 (on the post-Trianon territory).

2431: 1610: 322: 8495: 7777:

Hungary in the 20th century – II. Volume: Natural Environment, Population and Society, Churches and Denominations, Economy

4167:

On the other hand, a considerable number of other nationalities remained within the frontiers of the independent Hungary:

1347:) until a peace treaty was signed. In December 1918, Budapest allowed the Czechoslovak troops to occupy northern Hungary ( 15016: 14996: 14961: 14728: 14100: 13976: 13253: 13205: 13195: 12785: 12252: 11305: 10629: 10257: 9762: 7773:

Magyarország a XX. században – II. Kötet: Természeti környezet, népesség és társadalom, egyházak és felekezetek, gazdaság

7313: 4355:

is pointing onto the former territories of the pre-war Kingdom of Hungary that were not assigned to post-Trianon Hungary.

3602: 3353: 3330:

in Romania), the most important Hungarian town in Transylvania, reaffirms the loyalty of Hungarians from Transylvania to

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of peoples", and it was an attempt to give the non-Hungarians their own national states. In addition, Hungary had to pay

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Despite promises for the restoration of the former borders of Hungary, the communists declared the establishment of the

14971: 14946: 14772: 14649: 14145: 14062: 14057: 13382: 13112: 13074: 13034: 13024: 13019: 11504: 10794: 10196: 9954: 9184: 4396:, a Harvard professor, but later gave in because of changing international politics and as a courtesy to other allies. 3539: 3399: 3316: 3163: 2954: 2934: 2799: 2674: 2634: 1498: 1355: 1065: 1011: 521: 347: 8076: 7013: 4844: 2012:

The Károlyi government failed to manage both domestic and military issues and lost popular support. On 20 March 1919,

1399:

ceased to exist. These decisions and their consequences have been the cause of deep resentment in Hungary ever since.

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From Trianon to the First Vienna Arbitral Award: The Hungarian Minority in the First Czechoslovak Republic, 1918–1938

9230:

Hanák, Peter (1992). "Hungary on a fixed course: An outline of Hungarian history, 1918–1945". In Held, Joseph (ed.).

9047: 7784: 7631: 7297: 7226: 5981: 5964: 5952:

Magyarország a XX. században - I. Kötet: Politika és társadalom, hadtörténet, jogalkotás - II. Honvédelem és hadügyek

5656: 5400: 5217: 947: 437: 7314:"Prague Congress of Oppressed nations, Details that Austrian censor suppressed – Text of revolutionary proclamation" 5348: 2442:

necessary quantities, but also assured that the two important coal-mining centers of Hungary – surrounding towns of

2427:

recalled about the Hungarian-Czech coal talks, "every wagon of coal should be paid for with territorial concessions"

2300: 1339:

on 13 November 1918: Hungary undertook to demobilise its army and granted the Allies the right to occupy the south (

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ethnic Hungarian communities in the neighbouring states. Areas with significant Hungarian populations included the

4257: 3454: 3239: 2664: 1673:. In his last political speech to the Hungarian parliament, Tisza bitterly complained about how the Entente powers 1671:"oppressed nations of Austria-Hungary will themselves assess what will satisfy their aspirations and their rights". 1219:

Protest of the Transylvanian National Council against the occupation of Transylvania by Romania on 22 December 1918

193: 8020: 6552: 4371:

seen as colonial territories but rather part of the core national territory. The non-Hungarians that lived in the

3727:. However, it is generally accepted that the largest ethnic group in the Kingdom of Hungary in this time were the 3410:

was occupied by the Italian nationalists group. Its affiliation was a matter of international dispute between the

14916: 14562: 14243: 12498: 12462: 12332: 12182: 11866: 11790: 11630: 11435: 11415: 11202: 11138: 10961: 10830: 9734: 9654: 9592: 9199: 8901: 6558:

Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis de Rolando Eötvös Nominatae, Sectio philosophica et sociologica

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Hungarian economic consequences due to the Treaty of Trianon. "A New World Was Born" permanent exhibition in the

3143: 2360: 1524: 882: 605: 499: 10295: 3426: 1477:, in offices of public administration and at the legal courts.) At the same time, the lettre suggested that the 15066: 15021: 14644: 14238: 13850: 13127: 13089: 11919: 11822: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11410: 11104: 9749: 9724: 9622: 7929:"The Czechoslovak government policy and population exchange (A csehszlovák kormánypolitika és a lakosságcsere)" 6455: 5510: 3756: 3706:—the demand for reunification of Hungarian peoples—became a central theme of Hungarian politics and diplomacy. 3198: 3158: 3039: 2904: 2100: 2016:, who had been imprisoned in the Markó Street prison, was released. On 21 March, he led a successful communist 1772:, and Austria-Hungary began to negotiate a truce on 28 October, which they signed at Padua on 3 November 1918. 1359: 1328: 846: 655: 526: 8778: 3828: 1887: 1370:

However, the Entente pressed the Romanians to leave Budapest in November 1919 and orchestrated formation of a

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Peoples on the Move: Population Transfers and Ethnic Cleansing Policies during World War II and its Aftermath

7705:

Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, and Analysis

4513:

had promised to intervene on Hungary's behalf to restore majority-ethnic Hungarian lands lost after Trianon.

4170:

According to the 1920 census 10.4% of the population spoke one of the minority languages as mother language:

3108: 2789: 2589: 2099:

from the north and planned to march against the Romanian Army in the east. Kun ordered the preparation of an

1582: 1323:, had been involved in the First World War since August 1914. After its allies – Bulgaria and later Turkey – 1180:

President Mihály Károlyi's speech after the proclamation of the First Hungarian Republic on 16 November, 1918

769: 5320:

War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia

2349:

The belated Hungarian offers for Slovak autonomy within Hungary were dismissed as a diplomatic trick, since

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Pastor, Peter (1 September 2014). "The United States' Role in the Shaping of the Peace Treaty of Trianon".

4689: 3453:, due to covert food and arms aid from Italy. This made it possible for Hungary to reach nearly the former 3049: 2854: 1765: 1240: 1201:'s pacifist speech for military officers, and declaration of Hungarian self-disarmament on 2 November 1918. 930: 13215: 9201:

Trianon and the Predestination of Hungarian Politics: A Historiography of Hungarian Revisionism, 1918–1944

9144: 7854: 5353:. Irredentist and National Questions in Central Europe, 1913–1939 Seeds of conflict. Vol. 5, Part 1. 4943: 4264: 4200:

After World War II approximately 200,000 Germans were deported to Germany, according to the decree of the

1981:, who led a delegation of the Slovak National Council in Budapest. Hodža stipulated that the line he drew 1861:

Military and political events changed rapidly and drastically after the Hungarian unilateral disarmament:

43: 15026: 14901: 14228: 14125: 14014: 13763: 13753: 13708: 13503: 13346: 13220: 13122: 12820: 12635: 12515: 12133: 11888: 11871: 11843: 11800: 11745: 11592: 11029: 11014: 10872: 10824: 10589: 10140: 10014: 9927: 9922: 9691: 9679: 9674: 9448: 9434:"The Impact of Trianon upon Hungary and the Hungarian Mind: The Nature of Interwar Hungarian Irredentism" 9351:

Territorial Revisionism and the Allies of Germany in the Second World War: Goals, Expectations, Practices

9164: 6320:"Trianon volt az utolsó csepp – A Magyar Királyság sorsa már jóval a békeszerződés aláírása előtt eldőlt" 6001:"Trianon volt az utolsó csepp - A Magyar Királyság sorsa már jóval a békeszerződés aláírása előtt eldőlt" 4597: 4557: 3966: 3732: 3630: 3610: 3481: 3365: 3232: 3168: 3153: 2509: 2489: 1807: 1757: 1570: 1407: 1332: 1296:

and was signed on the one side by Hungary and, on the other, by the Entente and Associated Powers in the

1119: 1095: 627: 610: 562: 509: 457: 208: 14083: 10201: 8179: 7041: 4212: 3480:

into power in November 1919. On 1 December 1919, the Hungarian delegation was officially invited to the

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was installed in Hungary. This marked the end of hostilities between the Hungarians and the Romanians.

14906: 14703: 14550: 14383: 14233: 14009: 14004: 13986: 13894: 13640: 13633: 13599: 13324: 13263: 13231: 13142: 13029: 12926: 12870: 12674: 12630: 12050: 12045: 11572: 11529: 10806: 10564: 10549: 10451: 10320: 9888: 9800: 9757: 9186:

An Undiplomatic Diary by the American Member of the Inter-Allied Military Mission to Hungary: 1919–1920

7932: 7881: 5922: 5598: 4448: 4340: 4293: 3466: 3465:, leader of the Hungarian Soviet Republic, then turned the Hungarian Red Army on the Romanian Army and 3393:) came under military control by the Kingdom of Serbia and political control by local South Slavs. The 3138: 2684: 1919:"to defend the plebiscite principle, and so where possible make conditions more favorable for Hungary." 1443: 941: 9475: 8478:"Trianon trauma: Why is the peace treaty signed 100 years ago seen as a national tragedy for Hungary?" 5594:

A Sociology of Constitutions.Constitutions and State Legitimacy in Historical-Sociological Perspective

3309:

in Marosvásárhely reaffirms their support to the territorial integrity of Hungary on 25 November 1918.

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during its golden age and therefore achieved rapid growth, especially in the early 20th century when

4478:

between 1919 and 1920. Italy was a member of the Entente and participated in the treaty, he wrote in

3507:, which together with some additional parts of the pre-war Kingdom of Hungary became part of Romania; 3029: 2924: 2729: 2719: 2534: 2451: 2437: 2409: 2225:. All the non-Hungarian nations and nationalities (with the exception of the Germans and Saxons) had 2029: 2007: 1943:

The Armistice of 3 November was completed as regards Hungary on 13 November, when Károlyi signed the

1865:

On 5 November 1918, the Serbian army, with the help of the French army, crossed the southern borders.

1820: 1788: 1769: 870: 852: 736: 622: 464: 292: 14523: 10461: 9413: 6276: 4435:, then was continued with the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1939 (annexation of the remainder of 1842: 1637:

and called for a democratic Hungary to conclude the most advantageous peace with the Entente. Count

1375: 397: 15111: 15106: 14936: 14926: 14921: 14911: 14696: 14518: 14489: 14253: 14218: 14047: 13743: 13678: 13544: 13515: 13417: 13412: 13329: 13238: 13064: 12533: 12413: 12232: 12167: 11489: 10976: 10966: 10895: 10848: 10836: 10776: 10584: 10579: 10501: 9910: 9883: 9587: 9273: 9261: 7578:

Seton-Watson, Robert William (1933). "The Problem of Treaty Revision and the Hungarian Frontiers".

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on 24 December 1918, this region declared separation from Hungary and entry into Yugoslavia at the

3188: 3069: 2914: 1965: 1796: 1071: 989: 801: 763: 9385: 6327: 6213:

Breit, J. (1929) "Hungarian Revolutionary Movements of 1918–19 and the History of the Red War" in

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The complete integrity and indivisibility of the historic Kingdom of Hungary, without a plebiscite

1713: 14738: 14120: 14031: 13748: 13627: 13594: 13525: 13489: 13459: 13423: 13319: 13309: 13294: 13169: 13079: 13014: 12957: 12847: 12826: 12640: 12591: 12217: 12197: 12177: 12075: 12062: 12037: 11775: 11560: 11552: 11494: 11254: 10949: 10712: 10539: 10534: 10466: 10325: 10310: 10305: 10285: 10166: 10043: 7156:

Politics and Diplomacy of Peacemaking. Containment and Counterrevolution at Versailles, 1918–1919

6000: 5780: 5127: 4612: 4578: 4502: 4475: 4471: 4424: 4393: 3899: 3514: 3378: 3178: 3118: 3004: 2624: 2418:

Coal Production (up; blue rhombus) and Coal Import (down; red square) in Hungary in million tons

1969: 1659: 1566: 1494: 1419: 1113: 489: 13449: 12852: 12709: 10506: 9212:

Crossroads of European histories: multiple outlooks on five key moments in the history of Europe

8707: 8596: 8077:"Trianon and its aftermath: British geography and the 'dismemberment' of Hungary, c.1915-c.1922" 6401:

Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes]

4319:

partition of Transylvania along ethnic lines to reduce the potential exodus, and Prime Minister

3532:

held in December 1921, the only place where a plebiscite was held and factored in the decision);

3441:

After the Romanian Army advanced beyond this cease-fire line, the Entente powers asked Hungary (

2396: 2200:

Cultural, economical, transportation and ecclesiastical concessions in the separated territories

14622: 14494: 14474: 14412: 14140: 14110: 14019: 13589: 13059: 12836: 12703: 12192: 11909: 11817: 11327: 11051: 10986: 10842: 10569: 10496: 10446: 10431: 10413: 10386: 10300: 10267: 9932: 9893: 9873: 9684: 9577: 5886:

Defeat and Disarmament, Allied Diplomacy and Politics of Military Affairs in Austria, 1918–1922

5709: 4444: 4276:

in eastern Transylvania, the area along the newly defined Romanian-Hungarian border (cities of

3579: 2894: 2428: 2125:

When the French promised the Hungarian government that Romanian forces would withdraw from the

2115: 2107: 1709: 1705: 1643: 1597:

was accepted by Germany as a basis for the armistice of November 1918. It outlined a policy of

1578: 1486: 924: 787: 277: 12573: 12468: 7994:. Congress of the United States, Committee on Foreign affairs. 17 October 2007. Archived from 7647: 6625: 6573: 6491: 6425: 6399: 6375: 6349: 5899: 5829: 5318: 5207: 5167:"History, Nationalism and Democracy: Myth and Narrative in Viktor Orbán's 'Illiberal Hungary'" 3524:, which became part of Austria, also pursuant to the Treaty of Saint-Germain (the district of 14748: 14533: 14135: 13920: 13758: 13698: 13574: 13554: 13289: 13147: 12668: 12510: 11780: 11317: 10971: 10860: 10636: 10599: 10529: 10476: 10398: 10366: 10340: 10290: 10221: 10123: 10076: 9860: 9729: 9612: 9507: 6449: 5884: 4714: 4584: 4565: 4498: 4447:. This territorial expansion was short-lived, since the post-war Hungarian boundaries in the 3422: 3352:

South Slavic lands, which, after the war, were organised into two political formations – the

3133: 2241: 2081: 1983:"would be valid only until new instructions concerning the demarcation line come from Paris." 1944: 1749: 1574: 1474: 1411: 1396: 1336: 1324: 1305: 1029: 1023: 936: 730: 237: 107: 92: 14432: 5740: 4320: 3970: 3382: 2072:

River and reinforced its position with the 8th Division, which had been moving forward from

14501: 14340: 14335: 14277: 14078: 14024: 13864: 13723: 13584: 13530: 13484: 13363: 13299: 13225: 13183: 13004: 12831: 12814: 12756: 12645: 12212: 12123: 11762: 11667: 11582: 10262: 10236: 10186: 9543: 8091: 6904: 5300: 4862:"Chopping Hungary Up by the 1920 Peace Dictate of Trianon. Causes, Events and Consequences" 4409: 3714: 3287: 3183: 2844: 2524: 2049: 2025: 718: 477: 70: 14691: 14258: 12597: 12187: 10211: 7339: 1300:

château in Versailles on 4 June 1920. It formally terminated the state of war issued from

8: 14674: 14506: 13981: 13604: 13464: 13277: 13200: 12744: 12662: 12057: 11876: 11649: 10788: 10652: 10604: 10481: 10441: 10436: 10381: 10064: 10058: 9959: 8203: 7027: 5930: 4440: 4436: 3939: 3510: 3450: 3338: 3203: 2984: 2654: 2569: 2369: 2330: 2001: 1826: 1802: 1745: 1653: 1630: 1546: 1466: 971: 858: 615: 12143: 11858: 11602: 8900: 8427: 8095: 7062: 4545: 3617:

Representatives of small nations living in the former Austria-Hungary and active in the

3535: 3418: 3360:, which both came under control of South Slavs, according to the ceasefire agreement of 2355:"The conditions for peace, which were presented to you today, are, however, definitive." 2048:) to "overcome the obstacles" in the Hungarian countryside. This was later known as the 1908:

On 13 November, the Romanian army crossed the eastern borders of the Kingdom of Hungary.

1364: 598: 14840: 14442: 14248: 13787: 13718: 13685: 13619: 13569: 13474: 13400: 13210: 13159: 13132: 12992: 12715: 12680: 12657: 12404: 12227: 11893: 11609: 11524: 10883: 10747: 10729: 10694: 10658: 10491: 10456: 10408: 10393: 10280: 10231: 10070: 10029: 9709: 9531:

Kelet felé (to the East) Hungarian propaganda documentary about the Second Vienna Award

9526:Észak felé (to the North) Hungarian propaganda documentary about the First Vienna Award 9364: 9319: 8244: 8221: 8115: 8021:"U.S. lawmaker blames Slovak government for ethnically motivated attacks on Hungarians" 7834: 7595: 7270: 7262: 7107: 5464: 5456: 5188: 5147: 5038: 4729: 4593: 4569: 4432: 4381: 4201: 3785: 3645: 3606: 3457:(Polish) border, thus separating the Czechoslovak and Romanian troops from each other. 3446: 3320: 3148: 3128: 3123: 3113: 2964: 2779: 2498: 2400: 2168: 2164: 2151: 1816: 1741: 1690: 1606: 1490: 1423: 1403: 1383: 1371: 1309: 1261: 1125: 1047: 995: 632: 307: 179: 174: 12651: 12504: 9502: 9490: 9479: 9010:

Hungary at the Paris Peace Conference: The Diplomatic History of the Treaty of Trianon

7954:

Metaphor and National Identity: Alternative conceptualization of the Treaty of Trianon

4769:

The Habsburg Monarchy 1809–1918 – A History of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary

4385: 3824: 3395:

Great People's Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs in Banat, Bačka and Baranja

3386: 2215:"who represented a highly developed and state-forming element in the Carpathian basin" 2057: 1244:

Demographics of pre-WW1 Austrian Empire (red) and Kingdom of Hungary (green) in Europe

14765: 14679: 14580: 14378: 14188: 14105: 13899: 13658: 13653: 13549: 13436: 13152: 12697: 12553: 12486: 12430: 12425: 12419: 12032: 11740: 11717: 11678: 11642: 11636: 11499: 11332: 10915: 10770: 10753: 10554: 10376: 10356: 10191: 10176: 10106: 10094: 9795: 9772: 9719: 9417: 9389: 9354: 9326: 9216: 9121: 9100: 9081: 9062: 9043: 9024: 8954: 8757: 8641: 8532: 8380: 8342: 8299: 8273: 8155: 8148: 8119: 7907: 7780: 7732: 7709: 7675: 7653: 7627: 7541: 7293: 7274: 7245:

Pastor, Peter (2019). "Hungarian And Soviet Efforts To Possess Ruthenia, 1938–1945".

7222: 7111: 7099: 6975:"1918-1919 az erdélyi szász elit politikai diskurzusában - a Transindex.ro portálról" 6631: 6604: 6579: 6532: 6501: 6459: 6431: 6405: 6381: 6358: 6194: 6075: 5960: 5905: 5864: 5839: 5784: 5750: 5719: 5652: 5627: 5602: 5468: 5396: 5328: 5213: 5192: 5102: 5008: 4922: 4893: 4823: 4704: 4380:(partly because of the relative ease at which Romanians could learn French) although 4082: 4035: 3984: 3911: 3838: 3681: 3059: 2477: 2096: 1913: 1845:

still had more than 1,400,000 soldiers when Károlyi was announced as prime minister.

1614: 1277: 983: 959: 894: 452: 430: 223: 51: 39: 8697:

Iván T. Berend and Gyorgy Ranki, Magyarorszag gazdasaga 1919–1929 (Budapest, 1965).

8673:

An Economic Background to Munich International Business and Czechoslovakia 1918–1938

7768: 4153: 3341:

and accepted by the Entente on 25 November 1918). Afterwards, the Slovak politician

2017: 1683:"only if they first give up on the idea of turning Hungary into Eastern Switzerland" 1626: 1327:, the political elite in Budapest opted to end the war as well. On 31 October 1918, 14753: 14426: 14422: 14213: 14155: 13803: 13733: 13728: 13609: 13520: 13441: 12521: 12067: 11807: 10700: 10670: 10664: 10574: 10403: 10371: 10361: 10100: 10024: 10019: 9947: 9767: 9667: 9409: 9381: 9294: 8548: 8107: 8099: 7587: 7432: 7254: 7089: 6288: 5715: 5448: 5178: 5069: 4724: 4694: 4420: 4324: 4101: 4045: 4039: 4023: 3996: 3974: 3915: 3905: 3690: 3434: 3430: 3411: 3298: 3103: 2769: 2447: 2077: 2021: 1811: 1792: 1775:

The Hungarian Parliament dissolved on 23 October after learning of a revolution in

1737: 1462: 1269: 1041: 977: 825: 813: 585: 516: 380: 376: 135: 9298: 8657: 8443: 8103: 7391:"Browse Hungary's detailed ethnographic map made for the Treaty of Trianon online" 6292: 5950: 5073: 3919: 3477: 3272: 2146: 1977:, the Hungarian government agreed to retreat behind temporary boundaries drawn by 1953: 1502: 1395:

minorities. The treaty limited Hungary's army to 35,000 officers and men, and the

14863: 14834: 14760: 14416: 14345: 14130: 13819: 13738: 13693: 13671: 13164: 13137: 13054: 12579: 12557: 12492: 12453: 12327: 12097: 11509: 11349: 10688: 10241: 10216: 9915: 9823: 9662: 9519: 9115: 9018: 8751: 8364: 8293: 7901: 7816: 7726: 7535: 6522: 6069: 5770: 5517: 5290:, The Regional and Ecclesiastic Autonomy of the Minorities and Nationality Groups 4608: 4372: 4364: 4143: 4110: 4073: 4051: 4002: 3958: 3931: 3874: 3865: 3847: 3724: 3663: 3654: 3173: 2874: 2864: 2749: 2579: 1594: 1534: 1528: 1427: 1391: 1320: 1253: 372: 150: 9266:

Hungary and Her Successors: The Treaty of Trianon and Its Consequences 1919–1937

7995: 5124:

Hungary and her successors: The Treaty of Trianon and Its Consequences 1919–1937

4530: 4516:

Hungarian bitterness at Trianon was also a source of regional tension after the

4359: 4273: 3302: 1638: 1351:) as well. In exchange, Budapest hoped to reopen foreign trade and supply coal. 14115: 14088: 13971: 13808: 13664: 12841: 12808: 12797:

Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Austria-Hungary and Japan

12480: 12222: 11342: 11322: 10993: 10706: 10544: 10335: 10226: 10082: 9986: 9969: 8413: 7966: 7801: 7728:

State and Nation in Multi-ethnic Societies: The Breakup of Multinational States

7368: 5946: 5494: 5183: 5166: 5023: 4709: 4377: 4289: 4260: 4147: 3949: 3222: 2464:

Drafted borders of Austria-Hungary in the treaties of Trianon and Saint Germain

2320: 2253: 2155: 2126: 1986: 1974: 1935: 1902: 1898: 1729: 1613:, the redrawing of Europe's borders along ethnic lines, and the formation of a 1590: 1562: 1554: 1458: 876: 781: 332: 121: 14397: 9368: 8444:"Peaceless Europe by Francesco Saverio Nitti – Full Text Free Book (Part 3/5)" 5264: 5246: 4223: 3794: 3342: 2424: 2359:

The United States did not ratify the Treaty of Trianon. Instead it negotiated

1978: 1849: 1669:

Czechoslovak National Council in Paris as a de facto government, and that the

1198: 14895: 14447: 13648: 12612: 12585: 12435: 12202: 11453: 10741: 10735: 10171: 10088: 9999: 9530: 9525: 9512: 8896: 8591: 8295:

Nationalism and Territory: Constructing Group Identity in Southeastern Europe

7103: 6933: 6164: 5354: 4631: 4336: 4277: 4139: 3882: 3855: 3773: 3563: 3489: 3346: 2473: 2222: 2217:. This racially colored mentality of a "ruling nation" was used thorough the 2092: 1968:, with himself as provisional president of the republic. On the same day the 1721: 1602: 1558: 1450:. The Paris treaty of 1947 de-facto restored the Trianon borders of Hungary. 1297: 1107: 1083: 775: 47: 9190: 7436: 7094: 6067: 4809: 2159: 14829: 14743: 14484: 11812: 10903: 10330: 7005: 6974: 6601:

Revolutions and Interventions in Hungary and Its Neighbor States, 1918–1919

6354: 5901:

The Versailles Settlement: Peacemaking after the First World War, 1919–1923

4980:

The Major International Treaties 1914–1973. A history and guides with texts

4510: 4428: 4416: 4312: 3820: 3635: 3598: 3504: 3493: 3390: 3268: 2171:, who was given the task to monitor and study Hungarian counter-proposals. 1921:

The ultimate goal was the creation of a confederative state system, called

1447: 1344: 888: 7762: 7760: 3567: 2091:

In June, the Hungarian Red Army invaded the eastern part of the so-called

14819: 14457: 14452: 14307: 12776: 12003: 11924: 11114: 11019: 10717: 10145: 9566: 8948: 6528: 4589: 4550: 4506: 3703: 3337:

Slovakia was proclaimed as part of Czechoslovakia (status quo set by the

3327: 2237: 2221:

submitted by the Hungarian representatives, and was also used to justify

1870:"Only represents the Magyar people, and not the other nations of Hungary" 1550: 1520: 1470: 1454: 1313: 1301: 660: 420: 14670:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region

8708:"Buda Castle, Várkert Bazár. Permanent exhibition: A New World Was Born" 8606:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 899. 5460: 5393:

The Western Front 1917–1918: From Vimy Ridge to Amiens and the Armistice

5350:

Irredentist and National Questions in Central Europe, 1913–1939: Hungary

4656: 4327:

to France to strengthen their case. The Romanians had suffered a higher

4138:

of which were spontaneous assimilation and certain state policies, like

3593: 3476:

The Hungarian state was restored by the Entente powers, helping Admiral

3462: 3306: 3279:

River, which came under the control of Romania (cease-fire agreement of

3193: 2132: 2013: 13564: 11972: 11795: 11785: 9061:. Geographical Research Institute, Research Centre and Earth Sciences. 8911:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 123. 8595: 8270:

Peace or Partition, The Habsburg Monarchy and British Policy, 1914–1918

7757: 7599: 7266: 7258: 6623: 6451:

Tangible Belonging: Negotiating Germanness in Twentieth-Century Hungary

5452: 5042: 4674: 4300: 4124: 4063: 3748: 3728: 3718:

Ethnographic map of the Kingdom of Hungary according to the 1910 census

3672: 3529: 3521: 2045: 2033: 1995: 1856: 1698: 1598: 1415: 1017: 819: 807: 794: 504: 494: 401: 12343: 9321:

The Dismantling of Historic Hungary: The Peace Treaty of Trianon, 1920

8568: 4808:

Dobó, Attila; Kollár, Ferenc; Zsoldos, Sándor; Kohári, Nándor (2021).

4791:"Hungarian President János Áder's Speech on the Day of National Unity" 4347: 4285: 4284:), the area north of the newly defined Czechoslovak–Hungarian border ( 4239:

A statue of King Peter I, Karađorđević of Serbia at Freedom Square in

3578:

counties of the Kingdom of Hungary with Polish majority population to

2174:

The result of the common work of Apponyi and Teleki was the so-called

2137: 2002:

Fall of the liberal First Hungarian Republic and communist coup d'état

1905:

back to German territory and Allies to have access to these countries.

1841:

by ordering the unilateral self-disarmament of the Hungarian army.The

1693:

before the end of WW1. The UK introduced universal suffrage after WWI

10909: 10676: 7488: 7486: 6497: 5835: 4240: 4091: 3886: 3736: 3547: 2037: 1832: 1753: 1697:). All feudal privileges of the Hungarian nobility was erased by the 1340: 1005: 250: 9342:

Hungary's Historical Legacies. Studies in Honor of Steven Béla Várdy

9307: 9059:

Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin

7883:

The Changing Ethnic Patterns on the Present-Day Territory Of Hungary

7591: 4460: 4352: 3559: 2460: 2231:"the Magyar race was the bearer of a thousand years of civilization" 2111: 2085: 1991: 1782: 27:

Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Hungary

14181: 13940: 13009: 12949: 11169: 9491:

1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War

9480:

1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War

9239:

Jeszenszky, Géza (2006). "The Afterlife of the Treaty of Trianon".

7471: 5324: 4639: 4517: 4095: 3859: 3470: 3449:

was rapidly set up. This army was initially successful against the

3442: 3398:

present in the National Assembly of Romanians in Alba Iulia, which

3361: 3280: 2197:

Adjustments of the borders in favor of Hungary without a plebiscite

2073: 1838: 1733: 1635:"We have lost the war. Now the main thing is not to lose the peace" 1348: 7745: 7612:

Slovenský náučný slovník, I. zväzok, Bratislava-Český Těšín, 1932.

7483: 4501:

was one of the main contributing factors to Hungary's decision to

3550:), which became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. 3276: 1883:

On 8 November, the Czechoslovak army crossed the northern borders.

1810:. On 31 October 1918, in the midst of armistice negotiations, the 1685:. Wekerle promised the parliament that they will tell Wilson that 14733: 14302: 12980: 12383: 9406:

The triumph of the dark: European international history 1933–1939

9378:

The lights that failed: European international history, 1919–1933

9145:"Peacebuilding in an Era of State-Nations: The Europe of Trianon" 9020:

Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture

7808: 7533: 6932:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

6163:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

4561: 4456: 4452: 4217: 4067: 4017: 3978: 3943: 3832: 3744: 3740: 3331: 3079: 2061: 1514: 1438: 167: 8749: 7626:. New York: Gordon and Bleach, Science Publishers. p. 226. 6993:

The Remote Borderland: Transylvania in the Hungarian Imagination

6377:

World War I: the Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection

6351:

Dreamland: Europeans and Jews in the Aftermath of the Great War.

3571: 3555: 3364:

signed on 13 November 1918. Previously, on 29 October 1918, the

2443: 2377: 1957: 8846:

Povojnova hospodarska kriza v rokoch 1912–1923 v Ceskoslovensku

7077: 5361: 4822:(in Hungarian) (2nd ed.). Magyar Kultúra Emlékívek Kiadó. 4618:

The disseminating economic problems had been also noted in the

4534: 4304: 4281: 4244: 4119: 3890: 3587: 3575: 3525: 3407: 2559: 2244:, in offices of public administration and at the legal courts. 1891: 1776: 1717: 1619: 263: 9535: 9254:

Trianon and East Central Europe: Antecedents and Repercussions

8686:

Prehled gospodursveho vyvoje Ceskoslovehska v letech 1918–1945

6524:

Budapest 1900: A Historical Portrait of a City and Its Culture

6427:

A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price We Pay Today.

4861: 4651: 4451:

were nearly identical to those of 1920 (with three villages –

2353:

At the end, Millerand's letter categorically emphasized, that

1952:

and Croatia. Romanian forces were permitted to advance to the

1565:(led by Britain, France and Russia). In 1918 Germany tried to 11337: 8287: 8285: 7009: 5373: 5226: 4846:

Trianoni kiskáté – 101 kérdés és 101 válasz a békediktátumról

4013: 3755:

and 8% others. 5% of the population of "Hungary proper" were

3752: 3291: 2069: 2065: 1949: 14692:

Recovery attempt of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and Hertsa

7240: 7238: 7028:"Constitution of Union between Croatia-Slavonia and Hungary" 5959:] (in Hungarian). Vol. 1. Szekszárd: Babits Kiadó. 5707: 5405: 4890:

The history of the Peace Dictate of Trianon in seven volumes

4439:

and a small strip from eastern Slovakia), afterwards by the

3326:

In response, a Hungarian General Assembly in Kolozsvár (now

1985:

On 24 December 1918, the French Minister of Foreign Affairs

1489:) to settle disputed borders on the former territory of the 9232:

Columbia history of Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century

9042:. VEDA Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. 8753:

The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia

8659:

La Hongrie au XXe siècle : étude économique et sociale

4882: 3795:

Distribution of the non-Hungarian and Hungarian populations

2539: 1725: 8282: 7899: 7684: 6944: 6942: 6844: 6842: 4445:

annexations of territories after the breakup of Yugoslavia

3586:, which pre-war Hungary formerly had directly through the 3377:(which included most of the pre-war Hungarian counties of 3305:

in Transylvania. On the same day the National Assembly of

1752:

was so fatigued that its commanders were forced to seek a

1457:, despite the "self-determination of peoples" idea of the 9278:

October Fifteenth – A History of Modern Hungary 1929–1945

8573: 8553: 8365:

Ethnic map of Kingdom of Hungary without Croatia-Slavonia

7873: 7448: 7446: 7235: 6911: 6697: 6695: 6068:

Severin, Adrian; Gherman, Sabin; Lipcsey, Ildiko (2006).

4892:] (in Hungarian). Egyesület Közép-Európa Kutatására. 3583: 2363:

that did not contradict the terms of the Trianon treaty.

2114:(Eperjes) on 16 June 1919. After the proclamation of the 1687:"we know of no Czechoslovak union, only of a Czech union" 1354:

In order to extend their zones of occupation in Hungary,

7505: 7503: 7501: 6603:. Vol. 20. Social Science Monographs. p. 441. 6551: 6151: 5986:

Rubicon (Hungarian Historical Information Dissemination)

5982:"A belgrádi fegyverszünet megkötése - 1918. november 13" 4529:, which nonetheless failed due to low turnout. In 2011, 4303:

in the disputed areas with the exception of the city of

4292:), southern parts of Subcarpathia and northern parts of 2227:"a much less developed civilization than the Hungarians" 1960:. General Franchet d'Espèrey followed up the victory by 1872:. When the Hungarian side declared the acceptance of an 7534:

Teich, Mikuláš; Kováč, Dušan; Brown, Martin D. (2011).

6954: 6939: 6885: 6854: 6839: 6827: 6815: 6803: 6791: 6767: 6755: 6743: 5288:"Autonomies in Hungary and Europe, A Comparative Study" 4807: 4134:

of the ethnic Hungarians were under foreign authority.

3513:, which became part of Czechoslovakia, pursuant to the 1912:

Károlyi appointed the liberal progressive and pacifist

1681:. Wekerle responded that they will negotiate with them 1677:

which meant that now he was forced to enter talks with

11708: 8397:

The Inquiry; American Preparation for Peace, 1917–1919

7861: 7802:"Series of Ethnic Maps of the Carpatho-Pannonian Area" 7649:

The Hidden Europe: What Eastern Europeans Can Teach Us

7443: 7175: 7173: 6731: 6719: 6707: 6692: 6680: 6668: 6656: 6644: 6299: 6256: 6244: 6232: 6220: 6170: 6112: 6100: 6088: 6049: 6011: 5511:

Nationalities and the Hungarian Parliament (1867–1918)

4950:

The history and consequences of the Dictate of Trianon

4663:

Versailles. After the war, the Austro-Hungarian navy,

2256:, head of the Hungarian delegation on 16 January 1920 2194:

A plebiscite on the territories separated from Hungary

1894:

River and was poised to enter the Hungarian heartland.

1766:

Czechoslovak Regiments were formed in the Italian Army

1485:

Only one plebiscite was permitted (later known as the

12114: 9400:– Trianon in relation to powers and nearby countries. 9189:. New York: Columbia University Press. Archived from 8807:

Die Wirtschaftliche Zusammenbruch Oesterreich Ungarns

8375:

Variously mentioned throughout Glenny, Misha (2012).

7793: 7515: 7498: 7088:(2). Zagreb: Croatian Institute of History: 520–527. 5984:[The Belgrade Armistice - 13 November 1918]. 5809: 5797: 5738: 5689: 5677: 5665: 5572: 5560: 5548: 5536: 5524: 5475: 5205: 5080: 4162: 2133:

Treaty preparation and Conference at Trianon in Paris

1848:

This happened under the direction of Minister of War

1493:, settling a smaller territorial dispute between the 14869:

2018 unification declarations in Moldova and Romania

8787: 7008:[History of parliamentarism] (in Croatian). 6624:

Sugar, Peter F.; Hanák, Péter; Frank, Tibor (1994).

1857:

International reactions to the Hungarian disarmament

1708:

in World War I, suffered numerous losses during the

9463:. Montreal: Institute of Comparative Civilizations. 9056: 9040:

The Struggle for Slovakia and the Treaty of Trianon

8851: 8820:

Austria's Economic Development Between the Two Wars

8549:"New Hungary citizenship law fuels passport demand" 7818:

Népszámlálások Erdély területén 1850 és 1910 között

7751: 7492: 7477: 7170: 6397: 3590:coastline and indirectly through Croatia-Slavonia. 1675:"negotiated with the internal enemies of the state" 1379:November 1920 and came into force on 26 July 1921. 13849: 9508:Map of Hungarian borders in November–December 1918 9318: 8569:"Slovaks retaliate over Hungarian citizenship law" 8199: 8197: 8147: 7527: 6571: 6124: 5206:van den Heuvel, Martin P.; Siccama, J. G. (1992). 3345:discussed with the Hungarian Minister of Defence, 2530:The Carpathian Basin before the Hungarian conquest 2372:, reacting to the signing of the Treat of Trianon 1833:Unilaterial self-disarmament of the Hungarian army 1585:that resembled a surrender by the Central Powers. 9252:Király, Béla K.; Veszprémy, László, eds. (1995). 9114:Tucker, Spencer; Roberts, Priscilla Mary (2005). 8733:Kosáry, Domokos G. and Várdy, Steven Béla (1969) 8336: 8112:20.500.11820/322504e5-4f63-43ff-a5d7-f6528ba87a39 5915: 5889:. Associated University Presses 1986. p. 34. 4866:Polgári Szemle: Gazdasági És Társadalmi Folyóirat 4427:towards neighbouring countries before and during 4216:Bordermark on the Hungarian-Romanian border near 3582:. After 1918, Hungary did not have access to the 2020:; Károlyi was deposed and arrested. Kun formed a 1837:Károlyi yielded to President Wilson's demand for 1783:Aster Revolution and the First Hungarian Republic 919:Soviet–Czechoslovakia Treaty of Mutual Assistance 14893: 14685:Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania 9309:Hungary's Policy Towards Czechoslovakia, 1918–36 8476:Sandford, Alasdair; Magyar, Ádám (4 June 2020). 7989:"Official Letter from Tom Lantos to Robert Fico" 7724: 6493:Eastern Europe 1740–1985: Feudalism to Communism 6447: 1642:ethnic Hungarian voters and therefore his party 1625:The Hungarian Parliament, led by Prime Minister 199: 14369:Independence and annexation of Northern Dobruja 10512:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 9487:The Paris Peace Conference and its Consequences 9251: 9165:"Peaceful Revision: The Diplomatic Road to War" 8194: 7779:] (in Hungarian). Szekszárd: Babits Kiadó. 6156:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 187. 5827: 5769: 5742:Hungary in World War II: Caught in the Cauldron 5590: 5316: 4945:A Trianoni diktátum története és következményei 3762: 3297:The Romanian Army occupied Marosvásárhely (now 2122:Aurél Stromfeld, resigned his post in protest. 15052:Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946) 14859:Centenary of the Great Union Anniversary Medal 14311: 12922:Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1922–1946) 9057:Kocsis, Károly; Kocsis-Hodosi, Eszter (1998). 8992:Wikisource: Hungarian Interests outside Europe 8722:Flood-light on Europe: a guide to the next war 8475: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8075:Győri, Róbert; Withers, Charles W. J. (2019). 8051:"Kosovo's Actions Hearten a Hungarian Enclave" 7823:Censuses in Transylvania between 1850 and 1910 5858: 5143:"East on the Danube: Hungary's Tragic Century" 4886:A trianoni békediktátum története hét kötetben 3698: Regions with fewer than 20 persons/sq km 2307:"The choice of Apponyi was very welcome to me" 1605:, and democracy. While the term was not used, 1515:First World War and Austro-Hungarian Armistice 16:1920 peace treaty on Hungary after World War I 15082:Treaties of the Republic of China (1912–1949) 14285: 13835: 12965: 12359: 12015: 11988: 11694: 9551: 9344:. Columbia University Press. pp. 89–105. 9113: 8923:Growth and Stagnation in the European Economy 8508: 8298:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 67–109. 8150:Paris 1919: Six Months that Changed the World 6598: 6418: 5411: 5379: 5367: 5232: 4913:Bank, Barbara; Kovács, Attila Zoltán (2022). 3240: 2378:Coal Shortage in Hungary and the Peace-Making 2060:attacked and routed Czechoslovak troops from 1806:disintegrated as a result of a defeat in the 1148: 682: 15057:Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) 14541:Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia 9496:Czechoslovak-Hungarian Border Conflict, in: 9325:. Boulder, CO: Eastern European Monographs. 8074: 7731:. Manchester University Press. p. 106. 7577: 6897: 6520: 6391: 6071:Romania and Transylvania in the 20th Century 5024:"The Belgrade Armistice of 13 November 1918" 4120:Hungarians outside the newly defined borders 1679:"the phantasmagoria of a Czechoslovak state" 14825:Day of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania 12932:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic 11954:The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors 11002: 9414:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199676095.001.0001 8936:Economic Development of East Central Europe 8902:"Bohemia § Manufactures and Commerce" 8884:Economic Nationalism of the Danubian States 8750:Tucker, Spencer C.; Wood, Laura M. (1996). 8586: 8584: 8399:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 332. 8332: 8330: 8209: 7766: 6966: 6905:"Grand Trianon in Versailles Palace. Facts" 6561:. Vol. 13–15. Universita. p. 141. 6489: 6368: 6342: 5626:. Cambridge University Press. p. 416. 5247:"AZ ŐRVIDÉKI (BURGENLANDI) MAGYARSÁG SORSA" 5115: 5097: 5095: 4986: 4971: 4491: 4263:informed Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister 3625: 3421:remained under Hungarian control after the 2317:ridiculed this cooperation as some kind of 1956:. However, on 14 November, Serbia occupied 1533:On 28 June 1914, the heir to the throne of 907:German–Polish declaration of non-aggression 15092:Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922) 14292: 14278: 13842: 13828: 12972: 12958: 12366: 12352: 11995: 11981: 11701: 11687: 9558: 9544: 9238: 8950:The Rise of Rail-Power in War and Conquest 8780:A Dictionary of Contemporary World History 8745: 8743: 8640:. University of California Press. p. 239. 8496:"NATO Seen Favorably Across Member States" 8360: 8358: 8126: 7839:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7696: 7567:. New York: Twayne Publishers. p. 20. 7418: 7416: 7221:] (in Hungarian). Cartographia. 1998. 7190: 7188: 6207: 6145: 5944: 5892: 5877: 5199: 5001: 4912: 4630:With the creation of customs barriers and 3247: 3233: 1155: 1141: 689: 675: 283: 15077:Treaties of the Portuguese First Republic 12938:Treaties of the Third Republic of Hungary 9386:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198221142.001.0001 9272: 9260: 9182: 8527:Nohlen, Dieter and Stöver, Philip (2010) 8145: 7879: 7847: 7624:Europe's Population in the Interwar Years 7371:(in Hungarian). Babits Publishing Company 7150: 7148: 7146: 7138:"Die italienisch-ungarische Freundschaft" 7093: 6630:. Indiana University Press. p. 308. 6575:The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions 6193:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 1824. 5863:. Social Science Monographs. p. 62. 5282: 5280: 5278: 5182: 5160: 5158: 5140: 5121: 4992: 4977: 4749:The United States ended the war with the 4207: 3417:Croatian-populated territories in modern 1716:, in command of a relative small army of 1102:Soviet–British–French Moscow negotiations 913:Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance 338: 298: 12002: 11961:To the Unknown British Soldier in France 10801:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 9458: 9305: 9284: 9204:(Thesis). University of Central Florida. 9152:Romanian Journal of Sociological Studies 9094: 8895: 8831:Layton, Walter T., Rist, Charles (1925) 8638:The Economic Rise of the Habsburg Empire 8590: 8581: 8327: 7564:Franz Joseph I of Austria and his Empire 7422: 7340:"Teleki Pál – egy ellentmondásos életút" 7287: 6674: 6326:. Mediaworks Hungary Zrt. Archived from 6274: 5904:. Palgrave Macmillan 2008. p. 156. 5621: 5092: 5055: 4668:importance economically and militarily. 4650: 4607: 4583: 4544: 4540: 4358: 4346: 4339:between The Entente and Romania. In the 4234: 4222: 4211: 4152: 4123: 3858:(restricted to the territory of today's 3713: 3629: 3592: 3554:By the Treaty of Trianon, the cities of 3301:in Romania), the most important town of 2467: 2459: 2412: 2381: 2136: 1343:and Croatia) and east of Hungary (south 1239: 1222: 1204: 1183: 1166: 1078:Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War 268: 214: 98: 14795:1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia 14094:Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic 12373: 12274:Abolition of the Capitulations in Egypt 11178:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 9403: 9375: 9348: 9339: 9316: 9215:. Council of Europe. pp. 165–171. 9142: 9099:. Aston Park, Florida: Danubian Press. 9037: 8740: 8684:Olsovsky, R.; Prucha, V. et al. (1961) 8459:"Hungary's 500-Year-Old Victim Complex" 8355: 8044: 8042: 7413: 7185: 6972: 6960: 6948: 6891: 6879:Diary of the Hungarian Peace Delegation 6872: 6860: 6848: 6833: 6821: 6809: 6797: 6773: 6761: 6749: 6737: 6725: 6713: 6701: 6686: 6662: 6650: 6305: 6262: 6250: 6238: 6226: 6188: 6176: 6118: 6106: 6094: 6055: 6017: 5815: 5803: 5708:Paxton, Robert; Hessler, Julie (2011). 5695: 5683: 5671: 5578: 5566: 5554: 5542: 5530: 5481: 5021: 4967:. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 4941: 4795:Consulate General of Hungary Manchester 4720:Serbian–Hungarian Baranya–Baja Republic 3528:opted to remain within Hungary after a 2291:"hegemony of races with lower cultures" 1874:"Independent Czech and Yugoslav states" 1593:acted as an independent force, and his 141: 126: 15087:Treaties of the Second Polish Republic 14894: 14195:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin 11947:A Peace Conference at the Quai d'Orsay 11915:American Commission to Negotiate Peace 11818:Possible cause of the Second World War 9208: 9197: 9162: 9016: 8318: 8048: 7920: 7867: 7690: 7674:. Cambridge University Press. p. 262. 7452: 7244: 7143: 6317: 5998: 5646: 5438: 5275: 5244: 5164: 5155: 5086: 4956: 4921:] (in Hungarian). Erdélyi Szalon. 4859: 4842: 4766: 2423:As the Hungarian revolutionary leader 1901:, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the 1448:aggrandizement of Hungary in 1938–1941 1236:Newsreel about Treaty of Trianon, 1920 1060:Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine 651:American Commission to Negotiate Peace 313: 184: 93:Principal Allied and Associated Powers 15072:Treaties of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia 15042:Treaties of the French Third Republic 14596:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia 14364:Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia 14273: 13823: 12953: 12414:Personal union of Hungary and Croatia 12347: 11976: 11682: 11131:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 10467:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 9539: 9431: 9428:– continuation of Steiner's 2007 work 9229: 9075: 8934:Berend, Iván T. and Ranki, G. (1974) 8456: 8425: 8291: 8178:. Genealogy.about.com. Archived from 7967:"Assaults on Minorities in Vojvodina" 7926: 7900:Corni, Gustavo; Stark, Tamás (2008). 7814: 7560: 7521: 7509: 6074:. Corvinus Publications. p. 24. 5979: 5495:Kormány a mérlegen – a múlt században 5434: 5432: 5031:The Slavonic and East European Review 4962: 4952:] (in Hungarian). Trianon Museum. 4646: 4229:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia 3314:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia 2455: 1695:Representation of the People Act 1918 1412:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 1402:The principal beneficiaries were the 238:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 14987:Peace treaties of the United Kingdom 14512:Central Powers occupation of Romania 14224:Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia 12979: 12859:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Ukraine 12238:Austro-Hungarian reparation payments 11535:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 9007: 8970:Wikisource: Protection of minorities 8857: 8793: 8529:Elections in Europe: A data handbook 8498:. pewresearch.org. 10 February 2020. 8039: 7956:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 7621: 7179: 6973:Ciobanu, Vasile (11 December 2010). 6132:"Military arrangements with Hungary" 5624:World War One: The Global Revolution 5141:Bernstein, Richard (9 August 2003). 2480:, after the treaty was signed, 1920. 15002:Treaties entered into force in 1921 14992:Peace treaties of the United States 14957:Military history of Austria-Hungary 13977:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 12786:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 11464:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 10258:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 9513:Map of Europe and Treaty of Trianon 9353:. Berghahn Books. pp. 92–101. 8521: 7571: 7410:. Editura Militara, Bucuresti. 1992 7075: 6191:World War I: A Student Encyclopedia 5776:November 1918 The German Revolution 4915:Trianon - A diktátum teljes szövege 3603:Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen 3354:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 1762:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 1549:. This caused a rapidly escalating 1539:Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria 1501:, because some months earlier, the 1054:German occupation of Czechoslovakia 13: 15137:Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920) 15062:Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania 14146:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic 12900:U.S.–Hungarian Peace Treaty (1921) 11710:Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920) 10197:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 9432:Várdy, Steven Béla (Spring 1983). 9312:(PhD thesis). Toulouse University. 9136: 8805:Gratz, G. and Schuller, R. (1930) 8242: 7799: 7124:"Die Ereignisse in der Slovakei", 7016:from the original on 10 June 2007. 6919:"The Paris Peace Conference, 1919" 6038:, 11 November 1918, archived from 6023: 6005:VEOL - Veszprém Vármegye Hírportál 5429: 4919:Trianon – Full text of the dictate 4751:U.S.–Hungarian Peace Treaty (1921) 4463:– transferred to Czechoslovakia). 4163:Minorities in post-Trianon Hungary 3779:Some Slovak demographers (such as 2393:Saint-Germain Peace Treaty of 1919 1736:(1 division), staged a successful 1446:, which cancelled the territorial 1372:new Hungarian coalition government 1325:signed armistices with the Entente 1036:Undeclared German–Czechoslovak War 14: 15153: 15047:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece 12905:Covenant of the League of Nations 11726:Covenant of the League of Nations 9468: 8833:The Economic Situation of Austria 8426:Nitti, Francesco Saverio (1922). 8395:Gelfand, Laurence Emerson (1963) 8272:. New York: St. Martin's. p. 37. 8049:Kulish, Nicholas (7 April 2008). 7408:Spatiul istoric si etnic romanesc 6152:Naval War College (U.S.) (1922). 2885:Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen 2472:The Hungarian delegation leaving 948:Remilitarization of the Rhineland 438:Covenant of the League of Nations 15122:Territorial evolution of Romania 15117:Territorial evolution of Hungary 14396: 14301: 14101:West Ukrainian People's Republic 12687:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) 10560:Second Battle of the Piave River 10182:Russian invasion of East Prussia 9503:Trianon Treaty text (in English) 8985: 8974: 8963: 8941: 8928: 8915: 8889: 8876: 8863: 8838: 8825: 8812: 8799: 8783:. Oxford Reference. 4 June 1920. 8770: 8727: 8714: 8700: 8691: 8678: 8665: 8650: 8630: 8620: 8610: 8561: 8541: 8502: 8488: 8469: 8457:Traub, James (28 October 2015). 8450: 8436: 8419: 8402: 8389: 8369: 8312: 8262: 8236: 8168: 8139: 8132:Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste (1968) 8068: 8013: 7981: 7959: 7946: 7893: 7880:Kocsis, Károly; Bottlik, Zsolt. 7718: 7662: 7640: 7615: 7606: 7554: 7458: 7401: 7383: 7361: 7349:(in Hungarian). 18 February 2004 7332: 7306: 7281: 7207: 7198: 7167:David Hunter Miller, XVIII, 496. 7161: 7131: 7118: 7069: 7055: 7034: 7020: 6998: 6985: 6927: 6866: 6779: 6158: 5923:"Armistice with Austria-Hungary" 5209:The Disintegration of Yugoslavia 4942:Raffay, Ernő; Szabó, Pál Csaba. 4556:The Austro-Hungarian Empire was 4299:The Allies rejected the idea of 4258:United States Secretary of State 4186:23,228 Bunjevac and Šokac (0.3%) 3216: 2508: 2101:offensive against Czechoslovakia 2056:May 1919, a force under Colonel 1479:Council of the League of Nations 1292:in Hungary, was prepared at the 419: 392: 340: 315: 300: 285: 270: 256: 243: 230: 216: 201: 186: 173: 160: 143: 128: 114: 100: 38:Arrival of the two signatories, 32: 15037:Treaties of the Empire of Japan 14613:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 14591:Great Romanian National Council 14563:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia 14374:Romanian annexation of Silistra 14244:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia 13870:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 12499:Peace Treaty of Wiener Neustadt 12333:Partition of the Ottoman Empire 11867:Partition of the Ottoman Empire 11839:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 11791:Hague conference on reparations 11631:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 10831:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 9565: 9097:Revolutionary Hungary 1918–1921 9000: 8735:History of the Hungarian Nation 8204:Present Day Romania census 1912 7752:Kocsis & Kocsis-Hodosi 1998 7652:. Thomson Press India. p. 221. 7493:Kocsis & Kocsis-Hodosi 1998 7478:Kocsis & Kocsis-Hodosi 1998 7466:The Habsburg Monarchy 1809–1918 7292:(in Slovak). Bratislava: Veda. 7128:(morning edition), 4 June 1919. 6875:A Magyar Békeküldöttség naplója 6617: 6592: 6565: 6545: 6514: 6483: 6472: 6441: 6311: 6268: 6182: 6061: 5992: 5973: 5947:"Ország hadsereg nélkül (1918)" 5938: 5852: 5821: 5763: 5732: 5711:Europe in the Twentieth Century 5701: 5640: 5615: 5584: 5502: 5487: 5417: 5385: 5341: 5310: 5293: 5257: 5238: 5134: 5049: 5015: 4995:Europe in the Twentieth Century 4632:fragmented protective economies 3425:of 13 November 1918. After the 2397:Teschen Settlement of July 1920 2309:, wrote Osuský back to Prague, 1962:overrunning much of the Balkans 1927:"Czech invasion and occupation" 1876:, the French general responded 1525:American entry into World War I 1382:The post-1920 Hungary became a 883:Nazis' rise to power in Germany 725:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 606:Partition of the Ottoman Empire 545:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 539:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 500:Hague conference on reparations 15127:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary 14556:Romanian occupation of Hungary 14150:(Russian Civil War spill over) 13851:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary 11920:Commission of Responsibilities 11823:International Opium Convention 11454:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 11313:Deportations from East Prussia 11110:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 7540:. Cambridge University Press. 6456:University of Pittsburgh Press 6215:Main Events of the Károlyi Era 5739:Cornelius, Deborah S. (2011). 4935: 4906: 4876: 4853: 4836: 4801: 4783: 4743: 3709: 3402:with the Kingdom of Romania. 847:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 704:Events leading to World War II 656:Commission of Responsibilities 527:International Opium Convention 522:Possible cause of World War II 1: 12791:Croatian–Hungarian Settlement 11365:Ukrainian Canadian internment 9306:Piahanau, Aliaksandr (2018). 9299:10.1080/09592296.2023.2188795 9280:. Edinburgh University Press. 9183:Bandholtz, Hary Hill (1933). 8871:European Economic Nationalism 8511:Slovak Foreign Policy Affairs 8323:. Műszaki Kiadó. p. 132. 8136:. Harper & Row Torchbooks 8104:10.1080/14702541.2019.1668049 8084:Scottish Geographical Journal 7082:Časopis za suvremenu povijest 6318:Agárdy, Csaba (6 June 2016). 6293:10.1080/09592296.2023.2188795 6275:Piahanau, Aliaksandr (2023). 6217:. Budapest. pp. 115–116. 5999:Agárdy, Csaba (6 June 2016). 5074:10.1080/09592296.2023.2188795 5056:Piahanau, Aliaksandr (2023). 4776: 3619:Congress of Oppressed Nations 2825:Rákóczi's War of Independence 2790:Principality of Upper Hungary 2590:Hungarian invasions of Europe 1706:major ally of Austria-Hungary 1583:Armistice of 11 November 1918 1509: 1066:German ultimatum to Lithuania 1012:Polish ultimatum to Lithuania 14942:20th century in Transylvania 14800:National Museum of the Union 14586:General Congress of Bukovina 14379:Conquest of Southern Dobruja 13040:Principality of Transylvania 12803:League of the Three Emperors 12731:Principality of Transylvania 12420:Hungarian–Byzantine Treaties 11520:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 10819:Estonian War of Independence 10487:Southern Palestine offensive 9256:. Columbia University Press. 8835:. League of Nations. Geneva. 8756:. Garland Pub. p. 698. 8724:. C. Scribner's sons. p. 114 8249:International Herald Tribune 8206:– population of Transylvania 8146:Macmillan, Margaret (2003). 8025:International Herald Tribune 7767:Kocsis, Károly (1996–2000). 7708:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 290–299. 7671:A Concise History of Hungary 6430:John Wiley and Sons. p. 193 6398:Dowling, Timothy C. (2014). 5395:. Amber. pp. 126, 168, 200. 5245:Botlik, József (June 2008). 4978:Grenville, J. A. S. (1974). 4816:The Peace Dictate of Trianon 4690:Union of Hungary and Romania 4443:in 1940, and finally by the 3763:Criticism of the 1910 census 3613:according to the 1880 census 3283:signed on 13 November 1918). 2835:Principality of Transylvania 2760:Principality of Transylvania 966:Italo-German "Axis" protocol 931:Anglo-German Naval Agreement 7: 14384:Treaty of Bucharest of 1916 14184:and Transylvania to Romania 13075:Interwar Kingdom of Hungary 12821:Budapest Convention of 1877 12636:Treaty of Adrianople (1568) 12475:Hungarian–Neapolitan Treaty 12469:Hungarian–Lithuanian Treaty 12243:Italian reparation payments 11889:Turkish War of Independence 11872:Conference of London (1920) 11844:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine 11746:Little Treaty of Versailles 11474:USA against Austria-Hungary 10873:Turkish War of Independence 10825:Latvian War of Independence 10550:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 10141:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 9408:. Oxford University Press. 9380:. Oxford University Press. 9117:Encyclopedia of World War I 9078:Ethnic Groups and the State 9017:Frucht, Richard C. (2004). 8953:. Project Gutenberg. p. X. 8408:Dent, Peter (26 May 2010). 7288:Michálek, Slavomír (1999). 6572:Goldstone, Jack A. (2015). 5651:. Hutchinson. p. 442. 5622:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2011). 4682: 4598:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 4323:even summoned British-born 4104:– 74,199 (80.4%) – in 1921 3967:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 3482:Versailles Peace Conference 3467:attacked at the Tisza river 3366:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 3286:The General Council of the 3040:Hungarian People's Republic 2975:Governorate of Subcarpathia 2915:Hungarian People's Republic 2645:Personal union with Croatia 2337:It also mentioned that the 1843:Hungarian Royal Honvéd army 1579:successful counteroffensive 1390:(the Hungarian half of the 1365:new pro-Romanian government 1284:) often referred to as the 1096:Italian invasion of Albania 1090:British guarantee to Poland 628:Turkish War of Independence 611:Conference of London (1920) 563:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine 557:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine 458:Little Treaty of Versailles 10: 15158: 15017:Treaties of Czechoslovakia 14997:Treaties concluded in 1920 14962:Modern history of Slovenia 14704:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 14239:Hungarian–Czechoslovak War 14005:Republic of German-Austria 13987:Italian Regency of Carnaro 13936:Berthelot-Apáthy Agreement 13895:1920 Carinthian plebiscite 12927:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 12871:Treaty of Bucharest (1918) 12631:Truce of Adrianople (1547) 12452:1302–1526 (Middle ages to 11557:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 11105:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 10565:Second Battle of the Marne 10452:Second battle of the Aisne 10321:Second Battle of Champagne 10162:German invasion of Belgium 9459:Wojatsek, Charles (1980). 9447:(1): 21–42. Archived from 9287:Diplomacy & Statecraft 8597:"Hungary § Commerce" 8337:Gelardi, Julia P. (2006). 7933:Slovak Academy of Sciences 6578:. Routledge. p. 227. 6281:Diplomacy & Statecraft 5945:Szijj, Jolán (1996–2000). 5599:Cambridge University Press 5269:Szlovákiai Magyar Adatbank 5184:10.1177/2336825x1802600110 5062:Diplomacy & Statecraft 4771:. London: Hamish Hamilton. 4760: 4449:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 4341:Treaty of Bucharest (1916) 2665:Mongol invasion of Hungary 2120:chief of the general staff 2005: 1786: 1518: 1444:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 1437:The current boundaries of 1376:The government in Budapest 942:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 15132:Hungary–Romania relations 14972:Peace treaties of Hungary 14947:20th century in Vojvodina 14849: 14812: 14808: 14790: 14783: 14724: 14717: 14662: 14632: 14601:Declaration of Alba Iulia 14571: 14473: 14466: 14405: 14394: 14356: 14328: 14321: 14204: 14168: 14071: 14053:Hungarian Soviet Republic 14040: 13997: 13964: 13916:Armistice of Villa Giusti 13908: 13857: 13781: 13618: 13537:Universities and colleges 13511: 13502: 13408: 13399: 13285: 13276: 13191: 13182: 13108: 13000: 12991: 12914: 12876:Armistice of Villa Giusti 12770: 12740: 12725: 12692:First Partition of Poland 12626: 12607: 12568:Franco-Hungarian alliance 12543: 12451: 12402: 12393:Legend of the white horse 12381: 12322: 12282: 12261: 12163: 12156: 12110: 12011: 11938: 11902: 11884:Turkish National Movement 11857: 11831: 11761: 11716: 11663: 11622: 11543: 11482: 11444: 11388: 11377: 11338:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 11281: 11253: 11201: 11123: 11097: 11049: 10942: 10935: 10867:Irish War of Independence 10763: 10645: 10610:Armistice of Villa Giusti 10595:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 10520: 10422: 10349: 10250: 10207:First Battle of the Marne 10154: 10116: 10051: 10042: 9985: 9859: 9848: 9814: 9786: 9748: 9700: 9653: 9646: 9573: 9404:Steiner, Zara S. (2011). 9376:Steiner, Zara S. (2007). 9274:Macartney, Carlile Aylmer 9262:Macartney, Carlile Aylmer 9095:Szilassy, Sándor (1971). 8292:White, George W. (2000). 7468:. Univ of Chicago Press. 7425:Environment, Space, Place 7369:"A kartográfia története" 7158:. New York: Knopf. p. 369 7042:"Wide anarchy in Austria" 6925:. US Department of State. 6448:Swanson, John C. (2017). 6404:. ABC-CLIO. p. 447. 6154:International Law Studies 5412:Tucker & Roberts 2005 5380:Tucker & Roberts 2005 5368:Tucker & Roberts 2005 5233:Tucker & Roberts 2005 5122:Macartney, C. A. (1937). 5108:The Columbia Encyclopedia 4466: 4113:– 2,540 (2.8%) – in 1921 4107:14,065 (15.2%) – in 1921 3492:), and Romania (parts of 3030:Second Hungarian Republic 2925:Hungarian Soviet Republic 2875:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 2730:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 2030:Hungarian Soviet Republic 2008:Hungarian Soviet Republic 1878:"Let us say Czechoslovak" 1789:Armistice of Villa Giusti 1770:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 871:Defense of the Great Wall 853:Pacification of Manchukuo 623:Turkish National Movement 391: 386: 368: 360: 85: 77: 66: 58: 31: 26: 14967:Peace treaties of France 14952:Interwar-period treaties 14773:Unification with Romania 14697:Transnistria Governorate 14546:Second Romanian campaign 14254:Uprising in West Hungary 14126:Slovak People's Republic 14084:Banat, Bačka and Baranja 14048:First Hungarian Republic 13516:Anti-Hungarian sentiment 13196:Administrative divisions 12534:First Congress of Vienna 12253:U.S.–German Peace Treaty 12248:Sino-German Peace Treaty 11490:Constantinople Agreement 10783:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 10646:Co-belligerent conflicts 10615:Second Romanian campaign 10585:Third Transjordan attack 10296:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 10202:Battle of Grand Couronné 9441:Hungarian Studies Review 9172:Hungarian Studies Review 9120:(1 ed.). ABC-CLIO. 9080:. Taylor & Francis. 9038:Hronský, Marián (2001). 8737:. Danubian Press. p. 222 8319:Száray, Miklós. (2006). 8222:"World War I casualties" 8134:From Wilson to Roosevelt 7815:Árpád, Varga E. (1999). 7702:Eberhardt, Piotr (2003) 7464:Taylor, A. J. P. (1976) 7140:, Bohemia, 29 June 1919. 6873:Zeidler, Miklós (2018). 6786:Speech of Albert Apponyi 6553:Eötvös Loránd University 5828:Kitchen, Martin (2014). 5747:Fordham University Press 5591:Chris Thornhill (2011). 5317:Richard C. Hall (2014). 5165:Toomey, Michael (2018). 5022:Krizman, Bogdan (1970). 4736: 4700:Aftermath of World War I 4562:autarkic characteristics 4492:In modern historiography 4129:Croatia-Slavonia in grey 3626:Results and consequences 3375:Banat, Bačka and Baranja 3358:Banat, Bačka and Baranja 3312:On 1 December 1918, the 3070:Third Hungarian Republic 1966:First Hungarian Republic 1797:First Hungarian Republic 1573:but failed. Instead the 1319:Hungary, as part of the 1286:Peace Dictate of Trianon 990:Second Sino-Japanese War 954:Arab revolt in Palestine 901:Inner Mongolian Campaign 802:Second Italo-Senussi War 46:, on 4 June 1920 at the 14982:Peace treaties of Japan 14977:Peace treaties of Italy 14837:(Romanian national day) 14709:Moscow Protocol of 1948 14650:Union with Transylvania 14485:First Romanian war plan 14229:Polish–Czechoslovak War 14121:Republic of Heinzenland 14032:First Austrian Republic 13424:Hungarian National Bank 13055:Austro-Hungarian Empire 12865:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 12848:Treaty of London (1913) 12827:Treaty of Berlin (1878) 12641:Treaty of Vienna (1606) 12586:Confessio Pentapolitana 12382:9–10th century (age of 11553:Modus vivendi of Acroma 11505:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 10813:Greater Poland Uprising 10713:National Protection War 10590:Meuse–Argonne offensive 10540:German spring offensive 10535:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 10311:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 10286:Second Battle of Artois 10167:Battle of the Frontiers 9317:Romsics, Ignác (2002). 9241:The Hungarian Quarterly 9163:Balogh, Eva S. (1983). 9076:Brass, Paul R. (1985). 8981:Wikisource: Nationality 8947:Pratt, Edwin A. (2013) 8908:Encyclopædia Britannica 8671:Teichova, Alice (1978) 8603:Encyclopædia Britannica 7437:10.5840/esplace20168211 7154:Mayer, Arno J. (1967). 7095:10.22586/csp.v51i2.8927 6923:Office of the Historian 6424:Andelman, D. A. (2009) 6380:ABC-CLIO 2014. p. 867. 6189:Roberts, P. M. (1929). 5859:Romsics, Ignác (2002). 5831:Europe Between the Wars 5781:Oxford University Press 5212:. Rodopi. p. 126. 5128:Oxford University Press 4843:Gulyás, László (2021). 4811:A trianoni békediktátum 4767:Taylor, A.J.P. (1948). 4613:Archibald Cary Coolidge 4476:Prime Minister of Italy 4472:Francesco Saverio Nitti 4415:By the arbitrations of 4404:("No, no, never!") and 4394:Archibald Cary Coolidge 4344:fell in the same year. 3515:Treaty of Saint-Germain 3119:History of Transylvania 2625:Principality of Hungary 2361:a separate peace treaty 1970:Slovak National Council 1660:Slovak National Council 1495:First Austrian Republic 1420:First Austrian Republic 1329:the Budapest government 1321:Austro-Hungarian Empire 1120:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 1114:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 14917:1920 in Czechoslovakia 14551:Hungarian–Romanian War 14519:1917 Romanian Campaign 14495:Battle of Transylvania 14490:1916 Romanian Campaign 14413:Ferdinand I of Romania 14312: 14234:Hungarian–Romanian War 14141:Slovak Soviet Republic 14111:Republic of Tarnobrzeg 14020:Bohemian Forest Region 13926:Hodža-Bartha Agreement 13900:1921 Sopron plebiscite 13890:Paris Peace Conference 13580:International rankings 13455:Science and technology 13335:Chief of General Staff 13030:Ottoman–Hungarian wars 12888:Armistice with Romania 12837:Triple Alliance (1882) 12704:Treaty of Campo Formio 12116:Paris Peace Conference 11578:Paris Peace Conference 11566:Ukraine–Central Powers 11360:Massacres of Albanians 11328:Late Ottoman genocides 11135:Bulgarian occupations 10843:Third Anglo-Afghan War 10807:Hungarian–Romanian War 10625:Naval Victory Bulletin 10620:Armistice with Germany 10570:Hundred Days Offensive 10497:Battle of La Malmaison 10447:Second battle of Arras 10414:Battle of Transylvania 10268:Second Battle of Ypres 10136:Sarajevo assassination 10025:South African Republic 9198:Bartha, Dezso (2006). 9143:Badescu, Ilie (2018). 9008:Deak, Francis (1942). 8921:Svennilson, I. (1954) 8720:Wittmer, Felix (1937) 8268:Fest, Wilfried (1978) 7927:Šutaj, Štefan (2007). 7668:Molnar, Miklós (2001) 7646:Tapon, Francis (2012) 7561:Murad, Anatol (1968). 7290:Diplomat Štefan Osuský 7219:World Atlas of History 7215:Történelmi világatlasz 7204:Miller. IV. 234., 245. 7006:"Povijest saborovanja" 6599:Pastor, Peter (1988). 5424:Fourteen Points Speech 4993:Lichtheim, G. (1974). 4659: 4615: 4601: 4553: 4489: 4431:. This started by the 4367: 4356: 4248: 4232: 4220: 4208:Political consequences 4183:23,760 Romanian (0.3%) 4180:36,858 Croatian (0.5%) 4159: 4130: 3719: 3700: 3614: 3427:Međimurje was occupied 2481: 2465: 2420: 2387: 2374: 2285: 2258: 2142: 2116:Slovak Soviet Republic 2108:Slovak Soviet Republic 1940: 1801:During the war, Count 1710:Hundred Days Offensive 1644:National Party of Work 1294:Paris Peace Conference 1282:Tratatul de la Trianon 1281: 1273: 1266:Trianoni békeszerződés 1265: 1257: 1245: 1237: 1220: 1202: 1181: 788:Occupation of the Ruhr 770:Franco-Polish alliance 413:Paris Peace Conference 15067:Great Union (Romania) 15022:Treaties of Nicaragua 14749:Transnistria conflict 14640:Union with Bessarabia 14534:Third Battle of Oituz 14136:Republic of Prekmurje 13921:Armistice of Belgrade 13025:Late Medieval Kingdom 13020:High Medieval Kingdom 12669:Treaty of Passarowitz 12511:Treaty of Brno (1478) 12269:Regime of the Straits 12129:Saint-Germain-en-Laye 12028:St.-Jean-de-Maurienne 11781:Reparation Commission 11588:Treaty of St. Germain 11561:Russia–Central Powers 11515:Sykes–Picot Agreement 11343:Pontic Greek genocide 11318:Destruction of Kalisz 11294:Eastern Mediterranean 10855:Polish–Lithuanian War 10637:Armistice of Belgrade 10600:Armistice of Salonica 10530:Operation Faustschlag 10477:Third Battle of Oituz 10399:Baranovichi offensive 10367:Lake Naroch offensive 10341:Battle of Robat Karim 10316:Vistula–Bug offensive 10291:Battles of the Isonzo 10222:First Battle of Ypres 9518:16 March 2015 at the 8882:Pasvolsky, L. (1929) 8818:Rotschild, K. (1946) 8777:"Treaty of Trianon". 8243:Clarey, Christopher. 8176:"Britain census 1911" 7952:Putz, Orsolya (2019) 7725:Ra'anan, Uri (1991). 7622:Kirk, Dudley (1969). 7580:International Affairs 6991:Kurti, Laszlo (2014) 6907:. Paris Digest. 2019. 6521:Lukacs, John (1990). 6348:Sachar, H. M. (2007) 5647:Keegan, John (1998). 5516:25 April 2019 at the 5391:Wiest, Andrew (2012) 5286:Józsa Hévizi (2004): 4963:Craig, G. A. (1966). 4860:Makkai, Béla (2019). 4715:Republic of Prekmurje 4654: 4611: 4587: 4548: 4541:Economic consequences 4484: 4362: 4351:The Trianon cross at 4350: 4238: 4226: 4215: 4192:7,000 Slovene (0.08%) 4189:17,131 Serbian (0.2%) 4177:141,882 Slovak (1.8%) 4174:551,212 German (6.9%) 4156: 4127: 3809:Main spoken language 3717: 3633: 3596: 3423:Armistice of Belgrade 3144:Transylvanian Princes 2995:Revisions of Délvidék 2780:Wesselényi conspiracy 2560:Kingdom of the Gepids 2471: 2463: 2416: 2385: 2366: 2270: 2247: 2242:cultural institutions 2140: 2050:Red Terror in Hungary 1945:Armistice of Belgrade 1932: 1750:Austro-Hungarian Army 1744:that ended by taking 1475:cultural institutions 1408:Czechoslovak Republic 1397:Austro-Hungarian Navy 1337:armistice in Belgrade 1306:Allies of World War I 1243: 1235: 1218: 1196: 1179: 1024:Battle of Lake Khasan 937:December 9th Movement 737:Polish–Lithuanian War 15142:Partition (politics) 15097:World War I treaties 15032:Treaties of Thailand 14502:The Romanian Debacle 14341:Romanian irredentism 14336:Romanian nationalism 14219:Polish–Ukrainian War 14079:Republic of Zakopane 14025:German South Moravia 13865:Treaty of Versailles 13769:World Heritage Sites 13641:Palaces and mansions 13005:Hungarian prehistory 12894:Bill of dethronement 12853:Armistice of Focșani 12832:Dual Alliance (1879) 12815:Reichstadt Agreement 12710:Treaty of Schönbrunn 12646:Peace of Zsitvatorok 11930:List of participants 11763:Treaty of Versailles 11583:Treaty of Versailles 11299:Mount Lebanon famine 11214:in the United States 11182:Russian occupations 10896:Turkish–Armenian War 10837:Polish–Ukrainian War 10777:Ukrainian–Soviet War 10724:Central Asian Revolt 10507:Armistice of Focșani 10237:Battle of Sarikamish 10187:Battle of Tannenberg 9583:Military engagements 8636:Good, David (1984). 8410:Trianon tribulations 8245:"France census 1911" 7969:. Human Rights Watch 7906:. Berg. p. 83. 7395:dailynewshungary.com 6627:A History of Hungary 6490:Okey, Robin (2003). 5508:András Gerő (2014). 5103:"Trianon, Treaty of" 4997:. New York: Praeger. 4425:expanded its borders 4410:Treaty of Versailles 4384:personally detested 3987:– 1,638,350 (62.3%) 3868:– 1,688,413 (57.9%) 3451:Czechoslovak Legions 3339:Czechoslovak legions 3334:on 22 December 1918. 2845:Hungarian Reform Era 2525:Hungarian prehistory 2084:(Banská Štiavnica), 2026:coalition government 1923:Danube Confederation 1567:overwhelm the Allies 1430:to its neighbours. 1304:between most of the 1274:Trattato del Trianon 1072:Slovak–Hungarian War 719:Treaty of Versailles 478:Treaty of Versailles 44:Alfréd Drasche-Lázár 15007:Treaties of Belgium 14734:Republic of Moldova 14675:Second Vienna Award 14645:Union with Bukovina 14529:Battle of Mărășești 14507:Battle of Bucharest 13982:Free State of Fiume 12751:Treaty of Pressburg 12745:Peace of Nikolsburg 12663:Treaty of Karlowitz 12574:Treaty of Nagyvárad 12528:Treaty of Pressburg 12442:Treaty of Pressburg 12375:Treaties of Hungary 12058:Act of 5th November 11877:San Remo conference 11832:Subsequent treaties 11801:Lausanne Conference 11650:They shall not pass 11573:Treaty of Bucharest 11530:Treaty of Bucharest 11469:USA against Germany 11446:Declarations of war 11150:German occupations 11063:British casualties 10922:Soviet–Georgian War 10849:Egyptian Revolution 10789:Armeno-Georgian War 10653:Somaliland campaign 10605:Armistice of Mudros 10482:Battle of Caporetto 10472:Battle of Mărășești 10442:Zimmermann telegram 10437:February Revolution 10382:Battle of the Somme 10306:Bug-Narew Offensive 10281:Battle of Gallipoli 10273:Sinking of the RMS 10065:Scramble for Africa 10059:Franco-Prussian War 9715:Sinai and Palestine 9234:. pp. 164–204. 8656:Gonnard, R. (1908) 8096:2019ScGJ..135...68G 7693:, pp. 359–360. 7537:Slovakia in History 7345:National Geographic 6139:Library of Congress 6045:on 23 November 2018 5931:Library of Congress 5649:The First World War 5357:. 1973. p. 69. 4441:Second Vienna Award 4437:Carpathian Ruthenia 4256:October 1918, when 3812:Hungarian language 3538:and the 2/3 of the 3511:Carpathian Ruthenia 3373:The territories of 3290:in Nagyszeben (now 2985:Second Vienna Award 2570:Ostrogothic Kingdom 2370:Gazette de Lausanne 2331:Alexandre Millerand 2097:Czechoslovak troops 2028:and proclaimed the 1994:) to newly renamed 1954:River Mureș (Maros) 1547:Serbian nationalist 1467:Alexander Millerand 1459:US President Wilson 1314:the First World War 1104:Apr.–Aug. 1939 1086:Mar.–Aug. 1939 1080:Mar.–Apr. 1939 1026:July–Aug. 1938 972:Anti-Comintern Pact 859:January 28 incident 616:San Remo conference 510:Lausanne Conference 156:Other Allied powers 23: 15027:Treaties of Panama 14902:Borders of Hungary 14841:Trianon Treaty Day 14443:Alexandru Averescu 14433:Ion I. C. Brătianu 14249:Silesian Uprisings 14063:Kingdom of Hungary 14058:Hungarian Republic 13719:Hungarian language 13570:Hungarian diaspora 13470:Telecommunications 13095:Revolution of 1956 13050:Revolution of 1848 12915:Modern age (1922–) 12757:Treaty of Nymwegen 12716:Congress of Vienna 12681:Treaty of Belgrade 12675:Pragmatic Sanction 12658:Holy League (1684) 12549:Ottoman vassalship 12516:Treaty of Piotrków 11894:Treaty of Lausanne 11771:"War guilt" clause 11610:Treaty of Lausanne 11525:Paris Economy Pact 11459:UK against Germany 11389:Entry into the war 11355:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 11074:Ottoman casualties 10884:Franco-Turkish War 10764:Post-War conflicts 10748:Russian Revolution 10730:Invasion of Darfur 10695:Kelantan rebellion 10683:Kurdish rebellions 10659:Mexican Revolution 10492:October Revolution 10457:Kerensky offensive 10432:Capture of Baghdad 10409:Monastir offensive 10394:Brusilov offensive 10232:Battle of Kolubara 10071:Russo-Japanese War 8844:Faltus, T. (1966) 8055:The New York Times 8027:. 5 September 2006 7318:The New York Times 7259:10.1111/hisn.13198 7076:Vuk, Ivan (2019). 7051:. 1 November 1918. 7049:The New York Times 5980:Tarján M., Tamás. 5453:10.1111/hisn.12047 5370:, pp. xxv, 9. 5148:The New York Times 4982:. London: Methnen. 4730:Trianon Treaty Day 4660: 4647:Other consequences 4616: 4602: 4594:Kingdom of Hungary 4570:division of labour 4554: 4549:Trianon memorial, 4503:enter World War II 4433:First Vienna Award 4368: 4363:Trianon memorial, 4357: 4321:Ion I. C. Brătianu 4249: 4233: 4221: 4202:Potsdam Conference 4160: 4131: 4076:– 217,072 (74.4%) 3952:– 330,010 (54.5%) 3934:– 324,017 (21.4%) 3850:– 550,964 (10.5%) 3844:1,658,045 (31.7%) 3841:– 2,819,467 (54%) 3720: 3701: 3615: 3607:Kingdom of Hungary 3473:on 4 August 1919. 3447:Hungarian Red Army 3437:of 9 January 1919. 3321:Kingdom of Romania 3223:Hungary portal 3124:Hungarian language 3114:History of Hungary 3050:Revolution of 1956 2965:First Vienna Award 2955:Kingdom of Hungary 2935:Hungarian Republic 2855:Revolution of 1848 2800:Kingdom of Hungary 2675:Kingdom of Hungary 2635:Kingdom of Hungary 2600:Hungarian conquest 2482: 2466: 2456:Borders of Hungary 2421: 2388: 2143: 1938:, 3 December 1918 1732:(4 divisions) and 1714:Franchet d'Espèrey 1691:universal suffrage 1607:self-determination 1499:Kingdom of Hungary 1491:Kingdom of Hungary 1424:self-determination 1404:Kingdom of Romania 1388:Kingdom of Hungary 1310:Kingdom of Hungary 1290:Dictate of Trianon 1246: 1238: 1221: 1203: 1182: 1126:Invasion of Poland 1116:May–Sep. 1939 1048:First Vienna Award 925:He–Umezu Agreement 633:Treaty of Lausanne 485:"War Guilt" clause 21: 14907:Boundary treaties 14889: 14888: 14885: 14884: 14881: 14880: 14877: 14876: 14766:Gagauzia conflict 14680:Treaty of Craiova 14658: 14657: 14618:Treaty of Trianon 14608:Directing Council 14524:Battle of Mărăști 14392: 14391: 14267: 14266: 14259:Battle of Budaörs 14189:Austrian Littoral 14164: 14163: 14106:Komancza Republic 13880:Treaty of Trianon 13817: 13816: 13777: 13776: 13560:Human trafficking 13498: 13497: 13395: 13394: 13359:Political parties 13305:Foreign relations 13272: 13271: 13178: 13177: 13090:People's Republic 13070:Treaty of Trianon 12947: 12946: 12882:Treaty of Trianon 12766: 12765: 12698:Treaty of Sistova 12598:Treaty of Szatmár 12487:Treaty of Lubowla 12431:Concordat of 1169 12426:Concordat of 1161 12341: 12340: 12318: 12317: 12152: 12151: 12134:Neuilly-sur-Seine 12106: 12105: 11970: 11969: 11849:Treaty of Trianon 11741:Minority Treaties 11718:League of Nations 11676: 11675: 11659: 11658: 11643:The Golden Virgin 11637:Mutilated victory 11618: 11617: 11598:Treaty of Trianon 11593:Treaty of Neuilly 11500:Damascus Protocol 11373: 11372: 11333:Armenian genocide 11290:Allied blockades 11262:Belgian refugees 11045: 11044: 10955:Strategic bombing 10931: 10930: 10916:Franco-Syrian War 10890:Greco-Turkish War 10878:Anglo-Turkish War 10861:Polish–Soviet War 10795:German Revolution 10771:Russian Civil War 10754:Finnish Civil War 10580:Battle of Megiddo 10555:Battle of Goychay 10502:Battle of Cambrai 10462:Battle of Mărăști 10377:Battle of Jutland 10357:Erzurum offensive 10212:Siege of Przemyśl 10192:Siege of Tsingtao 10177:Battle of Galicia 10107:Second Balkan War 10095:Italo-Turkish War 10052:Pre-War conflicts 10038: 10037: 9928:Portuguese Empire 9844: 9843: 9806:German New Guinea 9788:Asian and Pacific 9476:Treaty of Trianon 9474:Zeidler, Miklós: 9423:978-0-19-967609-5 9395:978-0-19-822114-2 9360:978-0-85745-738-7 9332:978-0-88033-505-8 9222:978-92-871-6031-7 9127:978-1-85109-420-2 9106:978-08-79-34005-6 9087:978-0-7099-3272-7 9068:978-963-7395-84-0 9030:978-1-57607-800-6 8959:978-1-4992-8645-8 8869:Basch, A. (1943) 8763:978-0-8153-0399-2 8646:978-0-520-05094-5 8537:978-3-8329-5609-7 8385:978-0-14-242256-4 8379:. Penguin Books. 8348:978-0-7553-1392-1 8305:978-0-8476-9809-7 8278:978-0-86043-107-7 8161:978-0-375-50826-4 7913:978-1-84520-480-8 7738:978-0-7190-3711-5 7714:978-0-7656-1833-7 7680:978-0-521-66736-4 7658:978-0-9765812-2-2 7547:978-0-521-80253-6 6637:978-0-253-20867-5 6610:978-0-88033-137-1 6585:978-1-135-93758-4 6538:978-0-8021-3250-5 6507:978-1-134-88687-6 6465:978-0-8229-8199-2 6436:978-0-470-56472-1 6411:978-1-59884-948-6 6386:978-1-85109-965-8 6363:978-0-307-42567-6 6200:978-1-85109-879-8 6081:978-1-882785-15-5 5910:978-1-137-06968-9 5870:978-0-88033-505-8 5845:978-1-317-86753-1 5790:978-0-19-260633-4 5756:978-0-8232-3343-4 5725:978-0-495-91319-1 5633:978-0-521-73626-8 5608:978-1-139-49580-6 5334:978-1-61069-031-7 4965:Europe since 1914 4928:978-615-6502-24-7 4899:978-615-80462-9-9 4829:978-615-81078-9-1 4705:Minority Treaties 4558:one economic unit 4117: 4116: 4026:– 24,212 (48.6%) 3999:– 644,955 (24.6%) 3961:– 64,257 (10.6%) 3908:– 510,754 (33.8%) 3902:– 601,770 (39.8%) 3877:– 198,405 (6.8%) 3429:by forces led by 3257: 3256: 3088: 3087: 3060:Goulash Communism 3013: 3012: 2945:Treaty of Trianon 2808: 2807: 2693: 2692: 2608: 2607: 2141:Treaty of Trianon 2022:social democratic 1890:army crossed the 1615:League of Nations 1487:Sopron plebiscite 1258:Traité de Trianon 1250:Treaty of Trianon 1233: 1216: 1194: 1177: 1165: 1164: 960:Spanish Civil War 895:Italo-Soviet Pact 865:Geneva Conference 764:Treaty of Rapallo 758:Treaty of Trianon 731:Polish–Soviet War 699: 698: 581:Treaty of Trianon 575:Treaty of Trianon 453:Minority Treaties 431:League of Nations 407: 406: 398:Treaty of Trianon 364:French Government 22:Treaty of Trianon 15149: 15102:Yugoslav Croatia 15012:Treaties of Cuba 14932:1920 in Slovakia 14810: 14809: 14788: 14787: 14754:Transnistria War 14722: 14721: 14663:Disestablishment 14572:Institutions and 14471: 14470: 14423:Marie of Romania 14400: 14326: 14325: 14315: 14306: 14305: 14294: 14287: 14280: 14271: 14270: 14214:Aster Revolution 14205:Post World War I 14187:South Tyrol and 14152: 14151: 13995: 13994: 13965:Successor states 13886: 13885: 13876: 13875: 13844: 13837: 13830: 13821: 13820: 13797: 13790: 13688: 13681: 13674: 13667: 13643: 13636: 13539: 13509: 13508: 13446: 13426: 13406: 13405: 13385: 13371: 13283: 13282: 13248: 13241: 13234: 13206:Cities and towns 13189: 13188: 13035:Habsburg Kingdom 12998: 12997: 12974: 12967: 12960: 12951: 12950: 12605: 12604: 12592:Treaty of Speyer 12522:Peace of Olomouc 12368: 12361: 12354: 12345: 12344: 12161: 12160: 12112: 12111: 12013: 12012: 11997: 11990: 11983: 11974: 11973: 11859:Treaty of Sèvres 11703: 11696: 11689: 11680: 11679: 11603:Treaty of Sèvres 11495:Treaty of London 11386: 11385: 11164:Northeast France 11095: 11094: 11067:Parliamentarians 11000: 10999: 10962:Chemical weapons 10940: 10939: 10701:Senussi campaign 10671:Muscat rebellion 10665:Maritz rebellion 10633: 10575:Vardar offensive 10404:Battle of Romani 10372:Battle of Asiago 10362:Battle of Verdun 10326:Kosovo offensive 10101:First Balkan War 10049: 10048: 9948:Russian Republic 9857: 9856: 9651: 9650: 9593:Economic history 9560: 9553: 9546: 9537: 9536: 9522:at omniatlas.com 9464: 9455: 9453: 9438: 9427: 9399: 9372: 9345: 9336: 9324: 9313: 9302: 9281: 9269: 9257: 9248: 9235: 9226: 9205: 9194: 9193:on 24 June 2020. 9179: 9169: 9159: 9149: 9131: 9110: 9091: 9072: 9053: 9034: 9013: 9012:. Howard Fertig. 8994: 8989: 8983: 8978: 8972: 8967: 8961: 8945: 8939: 8932: 8926: 8919: 8913: 8912: 8904: 8893: 8887: 8880: 8874: 8867: 8861: 8855: 8849: 8842: 8836: 8829: 8823: 8816: 8810: 8803: 8797: 8791: 8785: 8784: 8774: 8768: 8767: 8747: 8738: 8731: 8725: 8718: 8712: 8711: 8704: 8698: 8695: 8689: 8682: 8676: 8669: 8663: 8654: 8648: 8634: 8628: 8624: 8618: 8614: 8608: 8607: 8599: 8588: 8579: 8578: 8565: 8559: 8558: 8545: 8539: 8525: 8519: 8518: 8506: 8500: 8499: 8492: 8486: 8485: 8473: 8467: 8466: 8454: 8448: 8447: 8440: 8434: 8433: 8429:Peaceless Europe 8423: 8417: 8406: 8400: 8393: 8387: 8373: 8367: 8362: 8353: 8352: 8334: 8325: 8324: 8316: 8310: 8309: 8289: 8280: 8266: 8260: 8259: 8257: 8255: 8240: 8234: 8233: 8231: 8229: 8218: 8207: 8201: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8187: 8182:on 12 April 2014 8172: 8166: 8165: 8154:. Random House. 8153: 8143: 8137: 8130: 8124: 8123: 8081: 8072: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8046: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8017: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8006: 8000: 7993: 7985: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7963: 7957: 7950: 7944: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7924: 7918: 7917: 7897: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7877: 7871: 7865: 7859: 7858: 7851: 7845: 7844: 7838: 7830: 7828: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7800:Kocsis, Károly. 7797: 7791: 7790: 7764: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7722: 7716: 7700: 7694: 7688: 7682: 7666: 7660: 7644: 7638: 7637: 7619: 7613: 7610: 7604: 7603: 7575: 7569: 7568: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7531: 7525: 7519: 7513: 7507: 7496: 7490: 7481: 7475: 7469: 7462: 7456: 7450: 7441: 7440: 7420: 7411: 7405: 7399: 7398: 7387: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7376: 7365: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7354: 7336: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7325: 7320:. 23 August 1918 7310: 7304: 7303: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7242: 7233: 7232: 7211: 7205: 7202: 7196: 7192: 7183: 7177: 7168: 7165: 7159: 7152: 7141: 7135: 7129: 7122: 7116: 7115: 7097: 7073: 7067: 7066: 7063:"Hrvatski sabor" 7059: 7053: 7052: 7046: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7024: 7018: 7017: 7002: 6996: 6989: 6983: 6982: 6970: 6964: 6958: 6952: 6946: 6937: 6931: 6930: 6926: 6915: 6909: 6908: 6901: 6895: 6889: 6883: 6882: 6870: 6864: 6858: 6852: 6846: 6837: 6831: 6825: 6819: 6813: 6807: 6801: 6795: 6789: 6783: 6777: 6771: 6765: 6759: 6753: 6747: 6741: 6735: 6729: 6723: 6717: 6711: 6705: 6699: 6690: 6684: 6678: 6672: 6666: 6660: 6654: 6648: 6642: 6641: 6621: 6615: 6614: 6596: 6590: 6589: 6569: 6563: 6562: 6549: 6543: 6542: 6531:. p. 2012. 6518: 6512: 6511: 6487: 6481: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6445: 6439: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6395: 6389: 6372: 6366: 6346: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6315: 6309: 6303: 6297: 6296: 6272: 6266: 6260: 6254: 6248: 6242: 6236: 6230: 6224: 6218: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6186: 6180: 6174: 6168: 6162: 6161: 6157: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6136: 6128: 6122: 6116: 6110: 6104: 6098: 6092: 6086: 6085: 6065: 6059: 6053: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6037: 6027: 6021: 6015: 6009: 6008: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5977: 5971: 5970: 5942: 5936: 5935: 5927: 5919: 5913: 5896: 5890: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5767: 5761: 5760: 5736: 5730: 5729: 5716:CEngage Learning 5705: 5699: 5693: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5588: 5582: 5576: 5570: 5564: 5558: 5552: 5546: 5540: 5534: 5528: 5522: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5491: 5485: 5479: 5473: 5472: 5436: 5427: 5421: 5415: 5409: 5403: 5389: 5383: 5377: 5371: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5297: 5291: 5284: 5273: 5272: 5265:"Pozsonyi hídfő" 5261: 5255: 5254: 5242: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5186: 5171:New Perspectives 5162: 5153: 5152: 5138: 5132: 5131: 5119: 5113: 5112: 5099: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5028: 5019: 5013: 5012: 5005: 4999: 4998: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4939: 4933: 4932: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4872:(Spec): 204–225. 4857: 4851: 4850: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4821: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4787: 4772: 4754: 4747: 4725:Trianon Syndrome 4695:Millerand letter 4499:Such irredentism 4480:Peaceless Europe 4390:Coolidge Report, 4042:– 13,351 (26.8%) 4005:– 134,078 (5.1%) 3955:185,433 (30.6%) 3928:425,672 (28.1%) 3871:881,320 (30.2%) 3815:Other languages 3803: 3802: 3789: 3733:Croatia-Slavonia 3697: 3688: 3679: 3670: 3661: 3652: 3643: 3634:The Red Map, an 3611:Croatia-Slavonia 3435:popular assembly 3431:Slavko Kvaternik 3412:Kingdom of Italy 3275:and east of the 3249: 3242: 3235: 3221: 3220: 3219: 3026: 3025: 2821: 2820: 2770:Bocskai uprising 2706: 2705: 2621: 2620: 2556: 2555: 2512: 2502: 2484: 2483: 2304: 2282: 1812:Aster Revolution 1793:Aster Revolution 1742:Vardar Macedonia 1738:Vardar offensive 1657: 1649:Ferdinand Juriga 1392:Austro-Hungarian 1384:landlocked state 1234: 1217: 1195: 1178: 1157: 1150: 1143: 1042:Munich Agreement 978:Suiyuan campaign 826:Great Depression 814:Locarno Treaties 701: 700: 691: 684: 677: 599:Treaty of Sèvres 586:Millerand letter 517:Locarno Treaties 423: 409: 408: 396: 395: 350: 346: 344: 343: 325: 321: 319: 318: 310: 306: 304: 303: 295: 291: 289: 288: 280: 276: 274: 273: 262: 260: 259: 249: 247: 246: 236: 234: 233: 226: 222: 220: 219: 211: 207: 205: 204: 196: 192: 190: 189: 178: 177: 166: 164: 163: 153: 149: 147: 146: 138: 134: 132: 131: 120: 118: 117: 110: 106: 104: 103: 36: 24: 20: 15157: 15156: 15152: 15151: 15150: 15148: 15147: 15146: 15112:Greater Romania 15107:Yugoslav Serbia 14937:1920 in Ukraine 14927:1920 in Romania 14922:1920 in Hungary 14912:1920 in Austria 14892: 14891: 14890: 14873: 14864:Centenary March 14845: 14835:Great Union Day 14804: 14779: 14761:Gagauz Republic 14713: 14654: 14628: 14623:Treaty of Paris 14573: 14567: 14476: 14462: 14401: 14388: 14352: 14346:Greater Romania 14317: 14300: 14298: 14268: 14263: 14207:armed conflicts 14206: 14200: 14160: 14149: 14148: 14131:Hutsul Republic 14067: 14036: 13993: 13960: 13951:Clemenceau Note 13904: 13883: 13882: 13873: 13872: 13853: 13848: 13818: 13813: 13800: 13793: 13786: 13773: 13684: 13677: 13670: 13663: 13639: 13632: 13614: 13600:Public holidays 13535: 13494: 13444: 13422: 13391: 13383: 13369: 13325:Law enforcement 13268: 13244: 13237: 13230: 13174: 13104: 13085:Second Republic 12987: 12978: 12948: 12943: 12910: 12774: 12772:Austria-Hungary 12762: 12736: 12721: 12652:Peace of Vasvár 12622: 12603: 12580:Treaty of Gyalu 12560: 12558:Napoleonic Wars 12552: 12539: 12505:Treaty of Ófalu 12493:Peace of Szeged 12447: 12398: 12377: 12372: 12342: 12337: 12328:Fourteen Points 12314: 12278: 12257: 12148: 12102: 12007: 12001: 11971: 11966: 11934: 11898: 11853: 11827: 11757: 11712: 11707: 11677: 11672: 11655: 11614: 11546: 11539: 11510:Treaty of Darin 11478: 11440: 11396:Austria-Hungary 11382: 11369: 11350:Rape of Belgium 11277: 11249: 11197: 11191:Western Armenia 11186:Eastern Galicia 11119: 11093: 11057: 11056:Civilian impact 11055: 11041: 10998: 10927: 10759: 10689:Ovambo Uprising 10641: 10627: 10516: 10418: 10345: 10263:Battle of Łomża 10246: 10242:Christmas truce 10217:Race to the Sea 10150: 10112: 10034: 10005:Austria-Hungary 9981: 9916:Empire of Japan 9853: 9851: 9840: 9824:U-boat campaign 9810: 9782: 9744: 9696: 9642: 9623:Popular culture 9569: 9564: 9520:Wayback Machine 9471: 9454:on 3 June 2020. 9451: 9436: 9424: 9396: 9361: 9333: 9223: 9167: 9147: 9139: 9137:Further reading 9134: 9128: 9107: 9088: 9069: 9050: 9031: 9003: 8998: 8997: 8990: 8986: 8979: 8975: 8968: 8964: 8946: 8942: 8933: 8929: 8920: 8916: 8894: 8890: 8881: 8877: 8868: 8864: 8856: 8852: 8843: 8839: 8830: 8826: 8817: 8813: 8804: 8800: 8792: 8788: 8776: 8775: 8771: 8764: 8748: 8741: 8732: 8728: 8719: 8715: 8706: 8705: 8701: 8696: 8692: 8683: 8679: 8670: 8666: 8662:. Paris. p. 72. 8655: 8651: 8635: 8631: 8625: 8621: 8615: 8611: 8589: 8582: 8567: 8566: 8562: 8547: 8546: 8542: 8526: 8522: 8507: 8503: 8494: 8493: 8489: 8474: 8470: 8455: 8451: 8442: 8441: 8437: 8424: 8420: 8407: 8403: 8394: 8390: 8374: 8370: 8363: 8356: 8349: 8335: 8328: 8317: 8313: 8306: 8290: 8283: 8267: 8263: 8253: 8251: 8241: 8237: 8227: 8225: 8224:. Kilidavid.com 8220: 8219: 8210: 8202: 8195: 8185: 8183: 8174: 8173: 8169: 8162: 8144: 8140: 8131: 8127: 8079: 8073: 8069: 8059: 8057: 8047: 8040: 8030: 8028: 8019: 8018: 8014: 8004: 8002: 8001:on 9 April 2008 7998: 7991: 7987: 7986: 7982: 7972: 7970: 7965: 7964: 7960: 7951: 7947: 7937: 7935: 7925: 7921: 7914: 7898: 7894: 7886: 7878: 7874: 7866: 7862: 7853: 7852: 7848: 7832: 7831: 7826: 7813: 7809: 7798: 7794: 7787: 7765: 7758: 7750: 7746: 7739: 7723: 7719: 7701: 7697: 7689: 7685: 7667: 7663: 7645: 7641: 7634: 7620: 7616: 7611: 7607: 7592:10.2307/2603603 7576: 7572: 7559: 7555: 7548: 7532: 7528: 7520: 7516: 7508: 7499: 7491: 7484: 7476: 7472: 7463: 7459: 7451: 7444: 7421: 7414: 7406: 7402: 7389: 7388: 7384: 7374: 7372: 7367: 7366: 7362: 7352: 7350: 7338: 7337: 7333: 7323: 7321: 7312: 7311: 7307: 7300: 7286: 7282: 7243: 7236: 7229: 7213: 7212: 7208: 7203: 7199: 7193: 7186: 7178: 7171: 7166: 7162: 7153: 7144: 7136: 7132: 7123: 7119: 7084:(in Croatian). 7074: 7070: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7044: 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5916: 5897: 5893: 5882: 5878: 5871: 5857: 5853: 5846: 5838:. p. 190. 5826: 5822: 5814: 5810: 5802: 5798: 5791: 5771:Robert Gerwarth 5768: 5764: 5757: 5737: 5733: 5726: 5718:. p. 129. 5706: 5702: 5694: 5690: 5682: 5678: 5670: 5666: 5659: 5645: 5641: 5634: 5620: 5616: 5609: 5601:. p. 245. 5589: 5585: 5577: 5573: 5565: 5561: 5553: 5549: 5541: 5537: 5529: 5525: 5518:Wayback Machine 5507: 5503: 5497: 5493:Cieger András. 5492: 5488: 5480: 5476: 5437: 5430: 5422: 5418: 5410: 5406: 5390: 5386: 5382:, p. 1078. 5378: 5374: 5366: 5362: 5347: 5346: 5342: 5335: 5327:. p. 309. 5315: 5311: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5285: 5276: 5263: 5262: 5258: 5243: 5239: 5231: 5227: 5220: 5204: 5200: 5163: 5156: 5139: 5135: 5120: 5116: 5101: 5100: 5093: 5085: 5081: 5054: 5050: 5026: 5020: 5016: 5007: 5006: 5002: 4991: 4987: 4976: 4972: 4961: 4957: 4940: 4936: 4929: 4911: 4907: 4900: 4881: 4877: 4858: 4854: 4849:(in Hungarian). 4841: 4837: 4830: 4819: 4806: 4802: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4779: 4763: 4758: 4757: 4748: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4685: 4649: 4620:Coolidge Report 4543: 4494: 4469: 4406:Mindent vissza! 4402:Nem, nem, soha! 4373:Pannonian Basin 4210: 4165: 4144:Romanianization 4122: 4085:– 43,633 (15%) 4057: 4008: 3990:121,000 (3.5%) 3925: 3797: 3783: 3765: 3725:interwar period 3712: 3699: 3695: 3693: 3686: 3684: 3677: 3675: 3668: 3666: 3659: 3657: 3650: 3648: 3641: 3628: 3414:and Yugoslavia. 3400:voted for union 3253: 3217: 3215: 3210: 3209: 3208: 3139:Hungarian Kings 3098: 3090: 3089: 3074:1989–2012 3064:1956–1989 3044:1949–1989 3034:1946–1949 3023: 3015: 3014: 3009:1941–1945 2979:1939–1945 2959:1920–1946 2939:1919–1920 2919:1918–1919 2909:1918–1941 2905:Interwar period 2899:1914–1918 2889:1867–1918 2879:1867–1918 2865:Hungarian State 2859:1848–1849 2849:1825–1848 2839:1711–1867 2829:1703–1711 2818: 2810: 2809: 2804:1699–1867 2794:1682–1685 2784:1664–1671 2774:1604–1606 2764:1570–1711 2754:1541–1699 2750:Ottoman Hungary 2744:1526–1699 2734:1526–1570 2724:1526–1699 2703: 2695: 2694: 2689:1366–1526 2679:1301–1526 2669:1241–1242 2649:1102–1918 2639:1000–1301 2618: 2610: 2609: 2553: 2545: 2544: 2520: 2500: 2493: 2458: 2380: 2375: 2298: 2296:János Wettstein 2294:daily basis by 2286: 2276: 2261: 2259: 2251: 2250: 2135: 2058:Aurél Stromfeld 2010: 2004: 1941: 1886:On 10 November 1859: 1835: 1799: 1787:Main articles: 1785: 1728:(6 divisions), 1724:(6 divisions), 1720:(9 divisions), 1651: 1603:open agreements 1595:Fourteen Points 1581:and forced the 1535:Austria-Hungary 1531: 1529:Fourteen Points 1519:Main articles: 1517: 1512: 1428:war reparations 1223: 1205: 1184: 1167: 1161: 1132: 1131: 992: 1937–1945 962: 1936–1939 956: 1936–1939 944: 1935–1936 903: 1933–1936 867: 1932–1934 855: 1931–1942 842: 841: 832: 831: 804: 1923–1932 790: 1923–1925 753: 752: 743: 742: 739: 1919–1920 733: 1919–1920 714: 713: 695: 666: 665: 646: 638: 637: 601: 591: 590: 576: 568: 567: 558: 550: 549: 540: 532: 531: 480: 470: 469: 433: 393: 356: 353: 341: 339: 329: 328: 316: 314: 301: 299: 286: 284: 271: 269: 257: 255: 244: 242: 231: 229: 217: 215: 202: 200: 187: 185: 172: 161: 159: 144: 142: 129: 127: 115: 113: 101: 99: 54: 17: 12: 11: 5: 15155: 15145: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15109: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15089: 15084: 15079: 15074: 15069: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14989: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14887: 14886: 14883: 14882: 14879: 14878: 14875: 14874: 14872: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14855: 14853: 14847: 14846: 14844: 14843: 14838: 14832: 14827: 14822: 14816: 14814: 14806: 14805: 14803: 14802: 14797: 14791: 14785: 14781: 14780: 14778: 14777: 14776: 14775: 14770: 14769: 14768: 14758: 14757: 14756: 14751: 14741: 14731: 14725: 14719: 14715: 14714: 14712: 14711: 14706: 14701: 14700: 14699: 14689: 14688: 14687: 14677: 14672: 14666: 14664: 14660: 14659: 14656: 14655: 14653: 14652: 14647: 14642: 14636: 14634: 14630: 14629: 14627: 14626: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14605: 14604: 14603: 14598: 14588: 14583: 14577: 14575: 14569: 14568: 14566: 14565: 14560: 14559: 14558: 14548: 14543: 14538: 14537: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14516: 14515: 14514: 14509: 14499: 14498: 14497: 14487: 14481: 14479: 14468: 14467:Accomplishment 14464: 14463: 14461: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14437:Prime Minister 14430: 14420: 14409: 14407: 14403: 14402: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14389: 14387: 14386: 14381: 14376: 14371: 14366: 14360: 14358: 14354: 14353: 14351: 14350: 14349: 14348: 14338: 14332: 14330: 14323: 14319: 14318: 14297: 14296: 14289: 14282: 14274: 14265: 14264: 14262: 14261: 14256: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14231: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14210: 14208: 14202: 14201: 14199: 14198: 14192: 14185: 14179: 14172: 14170: 14166: 14165: 14162: 14161: 14159: 14158: 14153: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14128: 14123: 14118: 14116:Lemko Republic 14113: 14108: 14103: 14098: 14097: 14096: 14091: 14089:Banat Republic 14081: 14075: 14073: 14069: 14068: 14066: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14044: 14042: 14038: 14037: 14035: 14034: 14029: 14028: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14010:German Bohemia 14001: 13999: 13992: 13991: 13990: 13989: 13979: 13974: 13972:Czechoslovakia 13968: 13966: 13962: 13961: 13959: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13912: 13910: 13906: 13905: 13903: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13877: 13867: 13861: 13859: 13855: 13854: 13847: 13846: 13839: 13832: 13824: 13815: 13814: 13812: 13811: 13806: 13799: 13798: 13791: 13783: 13782: 13779: 13778: 13775: 13774: 13772: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13736: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13690: 13689: 13682: 13675: 13668: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13645: 13644: 13637: 13624: 13622: 13616: 13615: 13613: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13582: 13577: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13552: 13547: 13542: 13541: 13540: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13512: 13506: 13500: 13499: 13496: 13495: 13493: 13492: 13487: 13482: 13477: 13472: 13467: 13462: 13460:Stock exchange 13457: 13452: 13447: 13439: 13434: 13429: 13428: 13427: 13415: 13409: 13403: 13397: 13396: 13393: 13392: 13390: 13389: 13388: 13387: 13378:Prime Minister 13375: 13374: 13373: 13361: 13356: 13355: 13354: 13344: 13339: 13338: 13337: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13292: 13286: 13280: 13274: 13273: 13270: 13269: 13267: 13266: 13261: 13259:National parks 13256: 13251: 13250: 13249: 13242: 13235: 13223: 13218: 13216:Extreme points 13213: 13208: 13203: 13198: 13192: 13186: 13180: 13179: 13176: 13175: 13173: 13172: 13167: 13162: 13157: 13156: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13109: 13106: 13105: 13103: 13102: 13100:Third Republic 13097: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13065:First Republic 13062: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13001: 12995: 12989: 12988: 12977: 12976: 12969: 12962: 12954: 12945: 12944: 12942: 12941: 12935: 12929: 12924: 12918: 12916: 12912: 12911: 12909: 12908: 12902: 12897: 12891: 12885: 12879: 12873: 12868: 12862: 12856: 12850: 12845: 12842:Boxer Protocol 12839: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12818: 12812: 12809:Treaty of Bern 12806: 12800: 12794: 12788: 12782: 12780: 12775:to the end of 12768: 12767: 12764: 12763: 12761: 12760: 12754: 12748: 12741: 12738: 12737: 12735: 12734: 12726: 12723: 12722: 12720: 12719: 12713: 12707: 12701: 12695: 12689: 12684: 12678: 12672: 12666: 12660: 12655: 12649: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12627: 12624: 12623: 12621: 12620: 12608: 12602: 12601: 12595: 12589: 12583: 12577: 12571: 12564: 12562: 12541: 12540: 12538: 12537: 12531: 12525: 12519: 12513: 12508: 12502: 12496: 12490: 12484: 12481:Treaty of Zara 12478: 12472: 12466: 12463:Treaty of Enns 12459: 12457: 12449: 12448: 12446: 12445: 12439: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12417: 12410: 12408: 12400: 12399: 12397: 12396: 12389: 12387: 12379: 12378: 12371: 12370: 12363: 12356: 12348: 12339: 12338: 12336: 12335: 12330: 12323: 12320: 12319: 12316: 12315: 12313: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12286: 12284: 12280: 12279: 12277: 12276: 12271: 12265: 12263: 12259: 12258: 12256: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12233:Rapallo (1922) 12230: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12168:Rapallo (1920) 12164: 12158: 12154: 12153: 12150: 12149: 12147: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12120: 12118: 12108: 12107: 12104: 12103: 12101: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12084: 12083: 12078: 12072:Brest-Litovsk 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12054: 12053: 12048: 12040: 12035: 12030: 12025: 12019: 12017: 12016:During the war 12009: 12008: 12000: 11999: 11992: 11985: 11977: 11968: 11967: 11965: 11964: 11957: 11950: 11942: 11940: 11936: 11935: 11933: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11906: 11904: 11900: 11899: 11897: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11880: 11879: 11874: 11863: 11861: 11855: 11854: 11852: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11835: 11833: 11829: 11828: 11826: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11804: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11778: 11773: 11767: 11765: 11759: 11758: 11756: 11755: 11750: 11749: 11748: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11722: 11720: 11714: 11713: 11706: 11705: 11698: 11691: 11683: 11674: 11673: 11671: 11670: 11664: 11661: 11660: 11657: 11656: 11654: 11653: 11646: 11639: 11634: 11626: 11624: 11620: 11619: 11616: 11615: 11613: 11612: 11607: 11606: 11605: 11600: 11595: 11590: 11585: 11575: 11570: 11569: 11568: 11563: 11555: 11549: 11547: 11545:Peace treaties 11544: 11541: 11540: 11538: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11486: 11484: 11480: 11479: 11477: 11476: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11450: 11448: 11442: 11441: 11439: 11438: 11433: 11431:United Kingdom 11428: 11423: 11421:Ottoman Empire 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11392: 11390: 11383: 11378: 11375: 11374: 11371: 11370: 11368: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11346: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11325: 11323:Sack of Dinant 11320: 11315: 11310: 11309: 11308: 11303: 11302: 11301: 11287: 11285: 11279: 11278: 11276: 11275: 11274: 11273: 11271:United Kingdom 11268: 11259: 11257: 11251: 11250: 11248: 11247: 11246: 11245: 11240: 11231: 11225:POW locations 11223: 11218: 11217: 11216: 11207: 11205: 11199: 11198: 11196: 11195: 11194: 11193: 11188: 11180: 11175: 11174: 11173: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11148: 11147: 11146: 11141: 11133: 11127: 11125: 11121: 11120: 11118: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11101: 11099: 11092: 11091: 11090: 11089: 11084: 11076: 11071: 11070: 11069: 11060: 11058: 11050: 11047: 11046: 11043: 11042: 11040: 11039: 11034: 11033: 11032: 11025:United Kingdom 11022: 11020:Ottoman Empire 11017: 11012: 11006: 11004: 10997: 10996: 10994:Trench warfare 10991: 10990: 10989: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10958: 10957: 10946: 10944: 10937: 10933: 10932: 10929: 10928: 10926: 10925: 10919: 10913: 10907: 10901: 10900: 10899: 10893: 10887: 10881: 10870: 10864: 10858: 10852: 10846: 10840: 10834: 10828: 10822: 10816: 10810: 10804: 10798: 10792: 10786: 10780: 10774: 10767: 10765: 10761: 10760: 10758: 10757: 10751: 10745: 10739: 10733: 10727: 10721: 10715: 10710: 10707:Volta-Bani War 10704: 10698: 10692: 10686: 10680: 10674: 10668: 10662: 10656: 10649: 10647: 10643: 10642: 10640: 10639: 10634: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10545:Zeebrugge Raid 10542: 10537: 10532: 10526: 10524: 10518: 10517: 10515: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10428: 10426: 10420: 10419: 10417: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10390: 10389: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10353: 10351: 10347: 10346: 10344: 10343: 10338: 10336:Battle of Loos 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10254: 10252: 10248: 10247: 10245: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10227:Black Sea raid 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10158: 10156: 10152: 10151: 10149: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10132: 10131: 10129:Historiography 10120: 10118: 10114: 10113: 10111: 10110: 10104: 10098: 10092: 10086: 10083:Bosnian Crisis 10080: 10077:Tangier Crisis 10074: 10068: 10062: 10055: 10053: 10046: 10040: 10039: 10036: 10035: 10033: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10010:Ottoman Empire 10007: 10002: 9997: 9991: 9989: 9987:Central Powers 9983: 9982: 9980: 9979: 9974: 9973: 9972: 9970:British Empire 9965:United Kingdom 9962: 9957: 9952: 9951: 9950: 9945: 9943:Russian Empire 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9919: 9918: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9897: 9896: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9865: 9863: 9861:Entente Powers 9854: 9849: 9846: 9845: 9842: 9841: 9839: 9838: 9833: 9832: 9831: 9829:North Atlantic 9820: 9818: 9812: 9811: 9809: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9792: 9790: 9784: 9783: 9781: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9754: 9752: 9746: 9745: 9743: 9742: 9740:Central Arabia 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9706: 9704: 9702:Middle Eastern 9698: 9697: 9695: 9694: 9689: 9688: 9687: 9677: 9672: 9671: 9670: 9659: 9657: 9648: 9644: 9643: 9641: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9603:Historiography 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9574: 9571: 9570: 9563: 9562: 9555: 9548: 9540: 9534: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9494: 9483: 9470: 9469:External links 9467: 9466: 9465: 9456: 9429: 9422: 9401: 9394: 9373: 9369:j.ctt9qcwmw.11 9359: 9346: 9337: 9331: 9314: 9303: 9282: 9270: 9258: 9249: 9236: 9227: 9221: 9206: 9195: 9180: 9160: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9132: 9126: 9111: 9105: 9092: 9086: 9073: 9067: 9054: 9048: 9035: 9029: 9014: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8996: 8995: 8984: 8973: 8962: 8940: 8927: 8914: 8899:, ed. (1911). 8897:Chisholm, Hugh 8888: 8875: 8862: 8850: 8837: 8824: 8811: 8798: 8796:, p. 436. 8786: 8769: 8762: 8739: 8726: 8713: 8699: 8690: 8677: 8664: 8649: 8629: 8619: 8609: 8594:, ed. (1911). 8592:Chisholm, Hugh 8580: 8560: 8540: 8520: 8501: 8487: 8468: 8463:Foreign Policy 8449: 8435: 8418: 8414:Budapest Times 8401: 8388: 8368: 8354: 8347: 8326: 8321:Történelem III 8311: 8304: 8281: 8261: 8235: 8208: 8193: 8167: 8160: 8138: 8125: 8090:(1–2): 68–97. 8067: 8038: 8012: 7980: 7958: 7945: 7919: 7912: 7892: 7872: 7870:, p. 268. 7860: 7846: 7807: 7792: 7785: 7756: 7744: 7737: 7717: 7695: 7683: 7661: 7639: 7632: 7614: 7605: 7586:(4): 481–503. 7570: 7553: 7546: 7526: 7524:, p. 132. 7514: 7512:, p. 156. 7497: 7482: 7480:, p. 116. 7470: 7457: 7455:, p. 356. 7442: 7412: 7400: 7382: 7360: 7331: 7305: 7298: 7280: 7253:(3): 398–425. 7234: 7227: 7206: 7197: 7184: 7169: 7160: 7142: 7130: 7117: 7068: 7054: 7033: 7019: 6997: 6984: 6965: 6963:, p. 321. 6953: 6951:, p. 320. 6938: 6910: 6896: 6894:, p. 311. 6884: 6865: 6863:, p. 308. 6853: 6851:, p. 307. 6838: 6836:, p. 306. 6826: 6824:, p. 301. 6814: 6812:, p. 300. 6802: 6800:, p. 299. 6790: 6778: 6776:, p. 298. 6766: 6764:, p. 296. 6754: 6752:, p. 294. 6742: 6740:, p. 293. 6730: 6728:, p. 287. 6718: 6716:, p. 286. 6706: 6704:, p. 291. 6691: 6689:, p. 290. 6679: 6667: 6665:, p. 278. 6655: 6653:, p. 289. 6643: 6636: 6616: 6609: 6591: 6584: 6564: 6544: 6537: 6513: 6506: 6482: 6471: 6464: 6458:. p. 80. 6440: 6417: 6410: 6390: 6367: 6341: 6310: 6308:, p. 152. 6298: 6267: 6265:, p. 130. 6255: 6253:, p. 128. 6243: 6241:, p. 112. 6231: 6229:, p. 104. 6219: 6206: 6199: 6181: 6179:, p. 101. 6169: 6144: 6141:. US Congress. 6123: 6121:, p. 127. 6111: 6109:, p. 107. 6099: 6097:, p. 105. 6087: 6080: 6060: 6058:, p. 110. 6048: 6022: 6020:, p. 100. 6010: 5991: 5972: 5965: 5937: 5934:. US Congress. 5914: 5891: 5876: 5869: 5851: 5844: 5820: 5808: 5796: 5789: 5783:. p. 65. 5762: 5755: 5731: 5724: 5700: 5688: 5676: 5664: 5657: 5639: 5632: 5614: 5607: 5583: 5571: 5559: 5547: 5535: 5523: 5501: 5498:(in Hungarian) 5486: 5474: 5447:(3): 550–566. 5428: 5416: 5414:, p. 429. 5404: 5384: 5372: 5360: 5340: 5333: 5309: 5292: 5274: 5256: 5253:. VASI SZEMLE. 5237: 5225: 5218: 5198: 5154: 5133: 5114: 5091: 5089:, p. 360. 5079: 5048: 5037:(110): 67–87. 5014: 5000: 4985: 4970: 4955: 4934: 4927: 4905: 4898: 4875: 4852: 4835: 4828: 4800: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4773: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4710:Banat Republic 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4648: 4645: 4542: 4539: 4493: 4490: 4468: 4465: 4378:Ottoman Empire 4261:Robert Lansing 4209: 4206: 4194: 4193: 4190: 4187: 4184: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4164: 4161: 4148:Serbianisation 4121: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4108: 4105: 4099: 4087: 4086: 4080: 4077: 4071: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4055: 4054:– 2,315 (4.6%) 4049: 4048:– 2,336 (4.7%) 4043: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4021: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4006: 4000: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3982: 3963: 3962: 3956: 3953: 3947: 3936: 3935: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3923: 3909: 3903: 3900:Serbo-Croatian 3896: 3894: 3879: 3878: 3872: 3869: 3863: 3852: 3851: 3845: 3842: 3836: 3817: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3796: 3793: 3764: 3761: 3711: 3708: 3694: 3685: 3676: 3667: 3658: 3649: 3640: 3627: 3624: 3552: 3551: 3533: 3518: 3508: 3439: 3438: 3415: 3371: 3370: 3350: 3335: 3324: 3317:declared union 3310: 3295: 3284: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3251: 3244: 3237: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3086: 3085: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3032: 3024: 3021: 3020: 3017: 3016: 3011: 3010: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2981: 2980: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2827: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2806: 2805: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2732: 2726: 2725: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2712: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2629:895–1000 2627: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2612: 2611: 2606: 2605: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2594:~800–970 2592: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2580:Avar Khaganate 2576: 2575: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2554: 2552:Early medieval 2551: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2543: 2542: 2537: 2535:Roman Pannonia 2532: 2527: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2505: 2504: 2495: 2494: 2487: 2457: 2454: 2379: 2376: 2365: 2321:Little Entente 2269: 2254:Albert Apponyi 2246: 2202: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2156:Albert Apponyi 2134: 2131: 2006:Main article: 2003: 2000: 1987:Stephen Pichon 1975:Ferdinand Foch 1936:Ferdinand Foch 1931: 1910: 1909: 1906: 1903:Russian Empire 1899:Ottoman Empire 1895: 1884: 1881: 1866: 1858: 1855: 1834: 1831: 1827:Marián Hronský 1803:Mihály Károlyi 1784: 1781: 1758:Czechoslovakia 1631:Mihály Károlyi 1627:Sándor Wekerle 1591:Woodrow Wilson 1563:Triple Entente 1555:Central Powers 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1360:Czechoslovakia 1333:Czechoslovakia 1163: 1162: 1160: 1159: 1152: 1145: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1128:Sep. 1939 1123: 1122:Aug. 1939 1117: 1111: 1105: 1099: 1098:Apr. 1939 1093: 1092:Mar. 1939 1087: 1081: 1075: 1074:Mar. 1939 1069: 1068:Mar. 1939 1063: 1062:Mar. 1939 1057: 1056:Mar. 1939 1051: 1050:Nov. 1938 1045: 1044:Sep. 1938 1039: 1038:Sep. 1938 1033: 1032:Aug. 1938 1030:Bled Agreement 1027: 1021: 1015: 1014:Mar. 1938 1009: 1008:Mar. 1938 1003: 993: 987: 984:Xi'an Incident 981: 975: 969: 963: 957: 951: 945: 939: 934: 928: 922: 916: 910: 904: 898: 892: 886: 880: 877:Battle of Rehe 874: 868: 862: 856: 850: 843: 839: 838: 837: 834: 833: 830: 829: 823: 817: 811: 805: 799: 791: 785: 782:Corfu incident 779: 773: 767: 761: 754: 750: 749: 748: 745: 744: 741: 740: 734: 728: 722: 715: 711: 710: 709: 706: 705: 697: 696: 694: 693: 686: 679: 671: 668: 667: 664: 663: 658: 653: 647: 644: 643: 640: 639: 636: 635: 630: 625: 620: 619: 618: 613: 602: 597: 596: 593: 592: 589: 588: 583: 577: 574: 573: 570: 569: 566: 565: 559: 556: 555: 552: 551: 548: 547: 541: 538: 537: 534: 533: 530: 529: 524: 519: 514: 513: 512: 507: 502: 497: 487: 481: 476: 475: 472: 471: 468: 467: 462: 461: 460: 450: 445: 440: 434: 429: 428: 425: 424: 416: 415: 405: 404: 389: 388: 384: 383: 370: 366: 365: 362: 358: 357: 355: 354: 352: 351: 335: 333:Central Powers 330: 327: 326: 311: 296: 281: 266: 253: 240: 227: 212: 209:Czechoslovakia 197: 182: 170: 157: 154: 139: 124: 122:United Kingdom 111: 95: 89: 87: 83: 82: 79: 75: 74: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 37: 29: 28: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15154: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15113: 15110: 15108: 15105: 15103: 15100: 15098: 15095: 15093: 15090: 15088: 15085: 15083: 15080: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15045: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14899: 14897: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14856: 14854: 14852: 14848: 14842: 14839: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14821: 14818: 14817: 14815: 14811: 14807: 14801: 14798: 14796: 14793: 14792: 14789: 14786: 14784:Commemoration 14782: 14774: 14771: 14767: 14764: 14763: 14762: 14759: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14746: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14736: 14735: 14732: 14730: 14729:Moldavian SSR 14727: 14726: 14723: 14720: 14716: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14698: 14695: 14694: 14693: 14690: 14686: 14683: 14682: 14681: 14678: 14676: 14673: 14671: 14668: 14667: 14665: 14661: 14651: 14648: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14638: 14637: 14635: 14631: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14593: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14578: 14576: 14570: 14564: 14561: 14557: 14554: 14553: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14521: 14520: 14517: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14504: 14503: 14500: 14496: 14493: 14492: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14482: 14480: 14478: 14472: 14469: 14465: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14448:Iancu Flondor 14446: 14444: 14441: 14438: 14434: 14431: 14428: 14424: 14421: 14418: 14414: 14411: 14410: 14408: 14404: 14399: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14377: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14367: 14365: 14362: 14361: 14359: 14355: 14347: 14344: 14343: 14342: 14339: 14337: 14334: 14333: 14331: 14327: 14324: 14320: 14314: 14309: 14304: 14295: 14290: 14288: 14283: 14281: 14276: 14275: 14272: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14211: 14209: 14203: 14196: 14193: 14190: 14186: 14183: 14180: 14177: 14174: 14173: 14171: 14167: 14157: 14154: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14104: 14102: 14099: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14086: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14076: 14074: 14070: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14045: 14043: 14039: 14033: 14030: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14007: 14006: 14003: 14002: 14000: 13996: 13988: 13985: 13984: 13983: 13980: 13978: 13975: 13973: 13970: 13969: 13967: 13963: 13957: 13956:Clerk Mission 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13946:Smuts Mission 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13913: 13911: 13907: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13888: 13884:(for Hungary) 13881: 13878: 13874:(for Austria) 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13862: 13860: 13856: 13852: 13845: 13840: 13838: 13833: 13831: 13826: 13825: 13822: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13801: 13796: 13792: 13789: 13785: 13784: 13780: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13687: 13683: 13680: 13676: 13673: 13669: 13666: 13662: 13661: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13642: 13638: 13635: 13631: 13630: 13629: 13626: 13625: 13623: 13621: 13617: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13545:Family policy 13543: 13538: 13534: 13533: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13513: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13501: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13478: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13443: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13425: 13421: 13420: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13410: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13398: 13386: 13381: 13380: 13379: 13376: 13372: 13367: 13366: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13353: 13350: 13349: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13336: 13333: 13332: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13287: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13275: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13247: 13243: 13240: 13236: 13233: 13229: 13228: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13217: 13214: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13193: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13181: 13171: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13140: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13133:Árpád dynasty 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13110: 13107: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13045:Rákóczi's War 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13002: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12990: 12986: 12982: 12975: 12970: 12968: 12963: 12961: 12956: 12955: 12952: 12939: 12936: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12919: 12917: 12913: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12895: 12892: 12889: 12886: 12883: 12880: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12866: 12863: 12860: 12857: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12822: 12819: 12816: 12813: 12810: 12807: 12804: 12801: 12798: 12795: 12792: 12789: 12787: 12784: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12773: 12769: 12758: 12755: 12752: 12749: 12746: 12743: 12742: 12739: 12732: 12728: 12727: 12724: 12717: 12714: 12711: 12708: 12705: 12702: 12699: 12696: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12682: 12679: 12676: 12673: 12670: 12667: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12653: 12650: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12628: 12625: 12618: 12614: 12613:Royal Hungary 12610: 12609: 12606: 12599: 12596: 12593: 12590: 12587: 12584: 12581: 12578: 12575: 12572: 12569: 12566: 12565: 12563: 12559: 12555: 12550: 12546: 12542: 12535: 12532: 12529: 12526: 12523: 12520: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12506: 12503: 12500: 12497: 12494: 12491: 12488: 12485: 12482: 12479: 12476: 12473: 12470: 12467: 12464: 12461: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12450: 12443: 12440: 12437: 12436:Oath of Bereg 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12421: 12418: 12415: 12412: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12405:Árpád dynasty 12401: 12394: 12391: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12380: 12376: 12369: 12364: 12362: 12357: 12355: 12350: 12349: 12346: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12325: 12324: 12321: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12287: 12285: 12281: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12266: 12264: 12260: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12165: 12162: 12159: 12155: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12121: 12119: 12117: 12113: 12109: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12073: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12043: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12026: 12024: 12021: 12020: 12018: 12014: 12010: 12005: 11998: 11993: 11991: 11986: 11984: 11979: 11978: 11975: 11963: 11962: 11958: 11956: 11955: 11951: 11949: 11948: 11944: 11943: 11941: 11937: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11907: 11905: 11901: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11869: 11868: 11865: 11864: 11862: 11860: 11856: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11836: 11834: 11830: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11783: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11768: 11766: 11764: 11760: 11754: 11751: 11747: 11744: 11743: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11723: 11721: 11719: 11715: 11711: 11704: 11699: 11697: 11692: 11690: 11685: 11684: 11681: 11669: 11666: 11665: 11662: 11652: 11651: 11647: 11645: 11644: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11632: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11621: 11611: 11608: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11580: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11558: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11550: 11548: 11542: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11487: 11485: 11481: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11451: 11449: 11447: 11443: 11437: 11436:United States 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11393: 11391: 11387: 11384: 11381: 11376: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11330: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11307: 11304: 11300: 11297: 11296: 11295: 11292: 11291: 11289: 11288: 11286: 11284: 11280: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11263: 11261: 11260: 11258: 11256: 11252: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11226: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11215: 11212: 11211: 11209: 11208: 11206: 11204: 11200: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11183: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11172: 11171: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11151: 11149: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11136: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11128: 11126: 11122: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11102: 11100: 11096: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11079: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11068: 11065: 11064: 11062: 11061: 11059: 11053: 11048: 11038: 11037:United States 11035: 11031: 11028: 11027: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11007: 11005: 11001: 10995: 10992: 10988: 10987:Convoy system 10985: 10984: 10983: 10982:Naval warfare 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10956: 10953: 10952: 10951: 10948: 10947: 10945: 10941: 10938: 10934: 10923: 10920: 10917: 10914: 10911: 10908: 10905: 10902: 10897: 10894: 10891: 10888: 10885: 10882: 10879: 10876: 10875: 10874: 10871: 10868: 10865: 10862: 10859: 10856: 10853: 10850: 10847: 10844: 10841: 10838: 10835: 10832: 10829: 10826: 10823: 10820: 10817: 10814: 10811: 10808: 10805: 10802: 10799: 10796: 10793: 10790: 10787: 10784: 10781: 10778: 10775: 10772: 10769: 10768: 10766: 10762: 10755: 10752: 10749: 10746: 10743: 10742:Kaocen revolt 10740: 10737: 10736:Easter Rising 10734: 10731: 10728: 10725: 10722: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10708: 10705: 10702: 10699: 10696: 10693: 10690: 10687: 10684: 10681: 10678: 10675: 10672: 10669: 10666: 10663: 10660: 10657: 10654: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10644: 10638: 10635: 10631: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10527: 10525: 10523: 10519: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10429: 10427: 10425: 10421: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10388: 10385: 10384: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10354: 10352: 10348: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10301:Great Retreat 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10276: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10255: 10253: 10249: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10172:Battle of Cer 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10159: 10157: 10153: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10130: 10127: 10126: 10125: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10115: 10108: 10105: 10102: 10099: 10096: 10093: 10090: 10089:Agadir Crisis 10087: 10084: 10081: 10078: 10075: 10072: 10069: 10066: 10063: 10060: 10057: 10056: 10054: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10041: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9992: 9990: 9988: 9984: 9978: 9977:United States 9975: 9971: 9968: 9967: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9940: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9917: 9914: 9913: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9895: 9894:French Empire 9892: 9891: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9866: 9864: 9862: 9858: 9855: 9847: 9837: 9836:Mediterranean 9834: 9830: 9827: 9826: 9825: 9822: 9821: 9819: 9817: 9816:Naval warfare 9813: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9785: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9755: 9753: 9751: 9747: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9707: 9705: 9703: 9699: 9693: 9692:Italian Front 9690: 9686: 9683: 9682: 9681: 9680:Eastern Front 9678: 9676: 9675:Western Front 9673: 9669: 9666: 9665: 9664: 9661: 9660: 9658: 9656: 9652: 9649: 9645: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9633:Puppet states 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9575: 9572: 9568: 9561: 9556: 9554: 9549: 9547: 9542: 9541: 9538: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9521: 9517: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9498: 9495: 9492: 9488: 9485:Sharp, Alan: 9484: 9481: 9477: 9473: 9472: 9462: 9457: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9419: 9415: 9411: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9391: 9387: 9383: 9379: 9374: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9356: 9352: 9347: 9343: 9338: 9334: 9328: 9323: 9322: 9315: 9311: 9310: 9304: 9300: 9296: 9293:(1): 86–116. 9292: 9288: 9283: 9279: 9275: 9271: 9267: 9263: 9259: 9255: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9237: 9233: 9228: 9224: 9218: 9214: 9213: 9207: 9203: 9202: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9187: 9181: 9177: 9173: 9166: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9146: 9141: 9140: 9129: 9123: 9119: 9118: 9112: 9108: 9102: 9098: 9093: 9089: 9083: 9079: 9074: 9070: 9064: 9060: 9055: 9051: 9049:80-224-0677-5 9045: 9041: 9036: 9032: 9026: 9022: 9021: 9015: 9011: 9006: 9005: 8993: 8988: 8982: 8977: 8971: 8966: 8960: 8956: 8952: 8951: 8944: 8937: 8931: 8924: 8918: 8910: 8909: 8903: 8898: 8892: 8885: 8879: 8872: 8866: 8860:, p. 16. 8859: 8854: 8848:. Bratislava. 8847: 8841: 8834: 8828: 8821: 8815: 8808: 8802: 8795: 8790: 8782: 8781: 8773: 8765: 8759: 8755: 8754: 8746: 8744: 8736: 8730: 8723: 8717: 8709: 8703: 8694: 8687: 8681: 8674: 8668: 8661: 8660: 8653: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8633: 8623: 8613: 8605: 8604: 8598: 8593: 8587: 8585: 8576: 8575: 8570: 8564: 8556: 8555: 8550: 8544: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8524: 8516: 8512: 8505: 8497: 8491: 8483: 8479: 8472: 8464: 8460: 8453: 8445: 8439: 8431: 8430: 8422: 8415: 8411: 8405: 8398: 8392: 8386: 8382: 8378: 8372: 8366: 8361: 8359: 8350: 8344: 8340: 8333: 8331: 8322: 8315: 8307: 8301: 8297: 8296: 8288: 8286: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8265: 8250: 8246: 8239: 8223: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8205: 8200: 8198: 8181: 8177: 8171: 8163: 8157: 8152: 8151: 8142: 8135: 8129: 8121: 8117: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8089: 8085: 8078: 8071: 8056: 8052: 8045: 8043: 8026: 8022: 8016: 7997: 7990: 7984: 7968: 7962: 7955: 7949: 7934: 7930: 7923: 7915: 7909: 7905: 7904: 7896: 7885: 7884: 7876: 7869: 7864: 7856: 7850: 7842: 7836: 7824: 7820: 7819: 7811: 7803: 7796: 7788: 7786:963-9015-08-3 7782: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7763: 7761: 7754:, p. 19. 7753: 7748: 7740: 7734: 7730: 7729: 7721: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7706: 7699: 7692: 7687: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7672: 7665: 7659: 7655: 7651: 7650: 7643: 7635: 7633:0-677-01560-7 7629: 7625: 7618: 7609: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7574: 7566: 7565: 7557: 7549: 7543: 7539: 7538: 7530: 7523: 7518: 7511: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7495:, p. 57. 7494: 7489: 7487: 7479: 7474: 7467: 7461: 7454: 7449: 7447: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7419: 7417: 7409: 7404: 7397:. 9 May 2017. 7396: 7392: 7386: 7370: 7364: 7348: 7346: 7341: 7335: 7319: 7315: 7309: 7301: 7299:80-224-0565-5 7295: 7291: 7284: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7247:The Historian 7241: 7239: 7230: 7228:963-352-519-5 7224: 7220: 7216: 7210: 7201: 7191: 7189: 7182:, p. 45. 7181: 7176: 7174: 7164: 7157: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7139: 7134: 7127: 7121: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7072: 7064: 7058: 7050: 7043: 7037: 7029: 7023: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7001: 6995:. SUNY Press. 6994: 6988: 6981:. Transindex. 6980: 6979:transindex.ro 6976: 6969: 6962: 6957: 6950: 6945: 6943: 6935: 6934:public domain 6924: 6920: 6914: 6906: 6900: 6893: 6888: 6880: 6876: 6869: 6862: 6857: 6850: 6845: 6843: 6835: 6830: 6823: 6818: 6811: 6806: 6799: 6794: 6787: 6782: 6775: 6770: 6763: 6758: 6751: 6746: 6739: 6734: 6727: 6722: 6715: 6710: 6703: 6698: 6696: 6688: 6683: 6677:, p. 70. 6676: 6675:Szilassy 1971 6671: 6664: 6659: 6652: 6647: 6639: 6633: 6629: 6628: 6620: 6612: 6606: 6602: 6595: 6587: 6581: 6577: 6576: 6568: 6560: 6559: 6554: 6548: 6540: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6525: 6517: 6509: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6494: 6486: 6480: 6475: 6467: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6452: 6444: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6428: 6421: 6413: 6407: 6403: 6402: 6394: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6378: 6371: 6364: 6360: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6345: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6314: 6307: 6302: 6294: 6290: 6287:(1): 86–116. 6286: 6282: 6278: 6271: 6264: 6259: 6252: 6247: 6240: 6235: 6228: 6223: 6216: 6210: 6202: 6196: 6192: 6185: 6178: 6173: 6166: 6165:public domain 6155: 6148: 6140: 6133: 6127: 6120: 6115: 6108: 6103: 6096: 6091: 6083: 6077: 6073: 6072: 6064: 6057: 6052: 6041: 6034: 6033: 6026: 6019: 6014: 6006: 6002: 5995: 5987: 5983: 5976: 5968: 5966:963-9015-08-3 5962: 5958: 5954: 5953: 5948: 5941: 5933: 5932: 5924: 5918: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5895: 5888: 5887: 5880: 5872: 5866: 5862: 5855: 5847: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5832: 5824: 5818:, p. 99. 5817: 5812: 5806:, p. 61. 5805: 5800: 5792: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5777: 5772: 5766: 5758: 5752: 5749:. p. 9. 5748: 5744: 5743: 5735: 5727: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5712: 5704: 5698:, p. 32. 5697: 5692: 5686:, p. 65. 5685: 5680: 5674:, p. 64. 5673: 5668: 5660: 5658:0-09-180178-8 5654: 5650: 5643: 5635: 5629: 5625: 5618: 5610: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5595: 5587: 5581:, p. 31. 5580: 5575: 5569:, p. 29. 5568: 5563: 5557:, p. 28. 5556: 5551: 5545:, p. 27. 5544: 5539: 5533:, p. 26. 5532: 5527: 5520: 5519: 5515: 5512: 5505: 5496: 5490: 5484:, p. 25. 5483: 5478: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5441:The Historian 5435: 5433: 5426:. Wikisource. 5425: 5420: 5413: 5408: 5402: 5401:1-906626-13-8 5398: 5394: 5388: 5381: 5376: 5369: 5364: 5356: 5355:Kraus Reprint 5352: 5351: 5344: 5336: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5321: 5313: 5305: 5304: 5296: 5289: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5270: 5266: 5260: 5252: 5251:vasiszemle.hu 5248: 5241: 5234: 5229: 5221: 5219:90-5183-349-0 5215: 5211: 5210: 5202: 5194: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5177:(1): 87–108. 5176: 5172: 5168: 5161: 5159: 5150: 5149: 5144: 5137: 5129: 5125: 5118: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5098: 5096: 5088: 5083: 5075: 5071: 5068:(1): 86–116. 5067: 5063: 5059: 5052: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5025: 5018: 5010: 5004: 4996: 4989: 4981: 4974: 4966: 4959: 4951: 4947: 4946: 4938: 4930: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4909: 4901: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4879: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4856: 4848: 4847: 4839: 4831: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4812: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4786: 4782: 4770: 4765: 4764: 4752: 4746: 4742: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4680: 4677: 4676: 4669: 4666: 4658: 4653: 4644: 4641: 4635: 4633: 4628: 4624: 4621: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4586: 4582: 4580: 4574: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4552: 4547: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4488: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4464: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4453:Horvátjárfalu 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4374: 4366: 4361: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4316: 4314: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4266: 4265:István Burián 4262: 4259: 4253: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4230: 4225: 4219: 4214: 4205: 4203: 4198: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4172: 4171: 4168: 4155: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4140:Slovakization 4135: 4126: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4060: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4019: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3965: 3964: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3941: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3922:– 91,016 (6%) 3921: 3917: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3857: 3856:Upper Hungary 3854: 3853: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3823:and parts of 3822: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3804: 3801: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3775: 3774:Magyarization 3769: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3716: 3707: 3705: 3692: 3683: 3674: 3665: 3656: 3647: 3637: 3632: 3623: 3620: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3595: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3540:Slovene March 3537: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3483: 3479: 3474: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3348: 3347:Albert Bartha 3344: 3340: 3336: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3311: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3271:south of the 3270: 3266: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3250: 3245: 3243: 3238: 3236: 3231: 3230: 3228: 3227: 3224: 3214: 3213: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3129:Árpád dynasty 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3094: 3093: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3019: 3018: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2922: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2912: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2814: 2813: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2741: 2740:Royal Hungary 2738: 2737: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2699: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2614: 2613: 2604:862–895 2603: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2584:567–822 2583: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2574:469–553 2573: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2564:454–567 2563: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2549: 2548: 2541: 2540:Hunnic Empire 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2519:Early history 2516: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2485: 2479: 2475: 2474:Grand Trianon 2470: 2462: 2453: 2452: 2449: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2401: 2398: 2394: 2384: 2373: 2371: 2364: 2362: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2274:Štefan Janšák 2268: 2265: 2257: 2255: 2245: 2243: 2239: 2234: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2223:Magyarization 2220: 2216: 2211: 2208: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2188: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2170: 2169:Štefan Osuský 2166: 2165:Tomáš Masaryk 2161: 2157: 2153: 2152:Károly Huszár 2148: 2147:Miklós Horthy 2139: 2130: 2128: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2093:Upper Hungary 2089: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2053: 2051: 2047: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2009: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1939: 1937: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1915: 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New York. 8886:. New York. 8675:. Cambridge 8377:The Balkans 7868:Taylor 1948 7691:Frucht 2004 7453:Frucht 2004 7065:. Sabor.hr. 6529:Grove Press 5087:Frucht 2004 4590:Buda Castle 4579:competitive 4551:Kiskunhalas 4337:secret pact 4325:Queen Marie 4301:plebiscites 4090:Muravidék ( 3784: [ 3710:1910 census 3704:Irredentism 3601:map of the 3383:Bács-Bodrog 3343:Milan Hodža 3299:Târgu Mureș 3273:Mureș River 2895:World War I 2817:Late modern 2710:Reformation 2655:Golden Bull 2499:History of 2448:Salgótarján 2425:Vilmos Böhm 2299: [ 2277: [ 2238:World War I 2082:Selmecbánya 2078:Salgótarján 2018:coup d'état 1979:Milan Hodža 1888:d'Espérey's 1850:Béla Linder 1652: [ 1551:July Crisis 1521:World War I 1471:World War I 1455:World War I 1418:), and the 1302:World War I 1199:Béla Linder 840: 1930s 751: 1920s 712: 1910s 661:The Inquiry 490:Reparations 62:4 June 1920 14896:Categories 14475:Romania in 14322:Background 13759:Television 13724:Literature 13714:Inventions 13565:Hungarians 13555:Healthcare 13445:(currency) 13347:Parliament 13148:Holy Crown 12554:reconquest 12545:Dual reign 12326:See also: 12124:Versailles 12042:Bucharest 11796:Young Plan 11786:Dawes Plan 11483:Agreements 11283:War crimes 11159:Luxembourg 11052:Casualties 9923:Montenegro 9758:South West 9638:Technology 9628:Propaganda 9618:Opposition 9247:: 101–111. 7938:10 January 7522:Brass 1985 7510:Brass 1985 7375:30 January 7353:30 January 6374:Tucker S. 6357:. p. 409. 6032:Convention 4777:References 4675:ipso facto 4507:Axis power 4474:served as 4423:, Hungary 4382:Clemenceau 4365:Békéscsaba 4064:Burgenland 3940:Kárpátalja 3781:Ján Svetoň 3749:Ruthenians 3729:Hungarians 3723:until the 3673:Ruthenians 3530:plebiscite 3522:Burgenland 3184:Literature 3134:Holy Crown 3104:Hungarians 3084:since 2012 2478:Versailles 2476:Palace at 2160:Pál Teleki 2088:(Košice). 2046:Lenin Boys 2034:rump state 1996:Bratislava 1699:April Laws 1633:said that 1622:rejected. 1599:free trade 1561:) and the 1510:Background 1416:Yugoslavia 1018:May Crisis 1002: 1937 986: 1936 980: 1936 974: 1936 968: 1936 950: 1936 933: 1935 927: 1935 921: 1935 915: 1935 909: 1934 897: 1933 891: 1933 885: 1933 879: 1933 873: 1933 861: 1932 849: 1931 828: 1929 822: 1929 820:Young Plan 816: 1925 810: 1924 808:Dawes Plan 798: 1925 795:Mein Kampf 784: 1923 778: 1922 772: 1921 766: 1920 760: 1920 727: 1919 721: 1919 505:Young Plan 495:Dawes Plan 402:Wikisource 361:Depositary 71:Versailles 52:Versailles 14851:Centenary 14718:Aftermath 14574:documents 14178:to Poland 13909:Diplomacy 13704:Festivals 13585:Languages 13531:Education 13485:Transport 13432:Companies 13364:President 13300:Elections 13254:Mountains 13226:Hydrology 13184:Geography 12934:(1949–89) 12157:Aftermath 11939:Paintings 11380:Diplomacy 11087:Olympians 11010:Australia 10977:Logistics 10910:Vlora War 10839:(1918–19) 10815:(1918–19) 10809:(1918–19) 10797:(1918–19) 10744:(1916–17) 10726:(1916–17) 10677:Zaian War 10667:(1914–15) 10387:first day 10275:Lusitania 10103:(1912–13) 10097:(1911–12) 10085:(1908–09) 10079:(1905–06) 10061:(1870–71) 9850:Principal 9710:Gallipoli 9613:Memorials 9598:Geography 9588:Aftermath 9158:: 87–100. 8858:Deak 1942 8822:. London. 8809:. Vienna. 8794:Deak 1942 8688:. Prague. 8531:. p. 899 8120:204263956 7835:cite book 7275:203058531 7180:Deak 1942 7112:204456373 7104:0590-9597 6498:Routledge 5898:Sharp A. 5836:Routledge 5469:143278311 5193:158970490 4665:air force 4294:Vojvodina 4290:Csallóköz 4241:Zrenjanin 4092:Prekmurje 4062:Őrvidék ( 3950:Ruthenian 3887:Vojvodina 3737:Romanians 3646:Hungarian 3568:Szigetvár 3548:Prekmurje 3544:Vendvidék 3536:Međimurje 3419:Međimurje 3319:with the 2127:Tiszántúl 2038:Jan Smuts 1754:ceasefire 1701:of 1848. 1341:Vojvodina 1262:Hungarian 1006:Anschluss 387:Full text 369:Languages 251:Nicaragua 78:Effective 14813:Holidays 14329:Ideology 14197:to China 14191:to Italy 14182:Bukovina 14169:Cessions 13941:Vix Note 13858:Treaties 13804:Category 13709:Folklore 13686:Sausages 13605:Religion 13465:Taxation 13450:Industry 13330:Military 13278:Politics 13201:Counties 13160:Nobility 13143:Monarchs 13123:Military 13118:Economic 13010:Pannonia 12985:articles 12310:Portugal 12262:Montreux 12228:Lausanne 12033:Damascus 12006:treaties 11910:Big Four 11753:Mandates 11668:Category 11255:Refugees 11221:Italians 11210:Germans 11170:Ober Ost 10950:Aviation 10044:Timeline 10015:Bulgaria 9796:Tsingtao 9773:Togoland 9720:Caucasus 9655:European 9647:Theatres 9516:Archived 9276:(1956). 9264:(1937). 8925:. 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