Nicaragua - Knowledge

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was the pension reforms, the uprisings that spread across the country reflected many grievances about the government's time in office, and that the fight is for President Ortega and his vice president, his wife, to step down. April 24, 2018 marked the day of the greatest march in opposition of the Sandinista party. On May 2, 2018, university-student leaders made a public announcement giving the government seven days to set a date and time for a dialogue that was promised to the people due to the recent events of repression. The students also scheduled another peaceful protest march on that same day. As of May 2018, estimates of the death toll were as high as 63, many of them student protesters, and the wounded totalled more than 400. Following a working visit from May 17 to 21, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights adopted precautionary measures aimed at protecting members of the student movement and their families after testimonies indicated the majority of them had suffered acts of violence and death threats for their participation. In the last week of May, thousands who accuse Mr. Ortega and his wife of acting like dictators joined in resuming anti-government rallies after attempted peace talks have remained unresolved. Open suppression of political dissent and more militarized policing began in April 2018, but the onset of repression was gradual.

1615: 1548: 2301:, the "hot land" of tropical Spanish America at elevations under 610 metres (2,000 ft). Temperatures remain virtually constant throughout the year, with highs ranging between 29.4 and 32.2 °C (85 and 90 °F). After a dry season lasting from November to April, rains begin in May and continue to October, giving the Pacific lowlands 1,016 to 1,524 millimetres (40 to 60 in) of precipitation. Good soils and a favourable climate combine to make western Nicaragua the country's economic and demographic centre. The southwestern shore of Lake Nicaragua lies within 24 kilometres (15 mi) of the Pacific Ocean. Thus the lake and the San Juan River were often proposed in the 19th century as the longest part of a canal route across the Central American isthmus. Canal proposals were periodically revived in the 20th and 21st centuries. Roughly a century after the opening of the 2242: 1240: 3746:

market stall operators. Some work alone, but others labor in the small talleres (workshops/factories) that are responsible for a large share of the country's industrial production. Because informal sector earnings are generally very low, few families can subsist on one income. Like most Latin American nations Nicaragua is also characterized by a very small upper-class, roughly 2% of the population, that is very wealthy and wields the political and economic power in the country that is not in the hands of foreign corporations and private industries. These families are oligarchical in nature and have ruled Nicaragua for generations and their wealth is politically and economically horizontally and vertically integrated.

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Tobacco, grown in the same northern highlands region as coffee, has become an increasingly important cash crop since the 1990s, with annual exports of leaf and cigars in the neighborhood of $ 200 million per year. Soil erosion and pollution from the heavy use of pesticides have become serious concerns in the cotton district. Yields and exports have both been declining since 1985. Today most of Nicaragua's bananas are grown in the northwestern part of the country near the port of Corinto; sugarcane is also grown in the same district.

2511: 2701: 4463: 5567: 3240: 104: 2113: 3401: 16665: 3624:(PPP) in 2008 was estimated at US$ 17.37 billion. Agriculture represents 15.5% of GDP, the highest percentage in Central America. Remittances account for over 15% of the Nicaraguan GDP. Close to one billion dollars are sent to the country by Nicaraguans living abroad. The economy grew at a rate of about 4% in 2011. By 2019, given restrictive taxes and a civil conflict, it recorded a negative growth of - 3.9%; the International Monetary Fund forecast for 2020 is a further decline of 6% due to COVID-19. 4490: 15072: 1398: 1734: 3085: 3209: 3116: 3054: 5395: 90: 189: 5079: 3339: 3147: 3432: 3023: 2351:, or "temperate land", at elevations between 610 and 1,524 metres (2,000 and 5,000 ft), the highlands enjoy mild temperatures with daily highs of 23.9 to 26.7 °C (75 to 80 °F). This region has a longer, wetter rainy season than the Pacific lowlands, making erosion a problem on its steep slopes. Rugged terrain, poor soils, and low population density characterize the area as a whole, but the northwestern valleys are fertile and well settled. 14880: 5694: 3819: 1595: 3305: 5143: 3800: 3730: 4500: 3370: 3271: 10390:

Caribbean....England established a protectorate over the local Miskito Indians, who the region is named after, and the area was a British dependency from 1740 to 1786. In Nicaragua the British founded the principal Miskito coast city of Bluefields... There are about 30,000 native speakers of English in this area of Nicaragua who look to Bluefields as their centre... The English of the anglophone Corn Islands is also typically Caribbean.

2604: 2057:. As a result, Nicaragua is one of five countries in the world where abortion is illegal with no exceptions. Legislative and presidential elections took place on November 5, 2006. Ortega returned to the presidency with 37.99% of the vote. This percentage was enough to win the presidency outright, because of a change in electoral law which lowered the percentage requiring a runoff election from 45% to 35% (with a 5% margin of victory). 2325: 3851: 4310: 4093: 14199: 796: 753: 734: 701: 682: 1530:, to resign for fear he was leading an insurrection. Mena fled Managua with his brother, the chief of police of Managua, to start an insurrection. After Mena's troops captured steam boats of an American company, the U.S. delegation asked President Díaz to ensure the safety of American citizens and property during the insurrection. He replied he could not, and asked the U.S. to intervene in the conflict. 3578: 3833: 4801:. In many communities, a rich lore has grown up around the celebrations of patron saints, such as Managua's Saint Dominic (Santo Domingo), honored in August with two colorful, often riotous, day-long processions through the city. The high point of Nicaragua's religious calendar for the masses is neither Christmas nor Easter, but La Purísima, a week of festivities in early December dedicated to the 1519:, Nicaragua's potential to destabilize the region, and Zelaya's attempts to regulate foreign access to Nicaraguan natural resources. On November 18, 1909, U.S. warships were sent to the area after 500 revolutionaries (including two Americans) were executed by order of Zelaya. The U.S. justified the intervention by claiming to protect U.S. lives and property. Zelaya resigned later that year. 14068: 5384: 1845:, citing the brutality and numerous human rights violations of the Contras, alleging that health centers, schools, and cooperatives were destroyed by rebels, and that murder, rape, and torture occurred on a large scale in Contra-dominated areas. The U.S. also carried out a campaign of economic sabotage, and disrupted shipping by planting underwater mines in Nicaragua's port of 4997:

government in 1980 was an extensive and successful literacy campaign, using secondary school students, university students and teachers as volunteer teachers: it reduced the overall illiteracy rate from 50.3% to 12.9% within only five months. This was one of a number of large-scale programs which received international recognition for their gains in

1294:" or "Nicaragua". The tribe's capital was Quauhcapolca. González Dávila conversed with Macuilmiquiztli thanks to two indigenous interpreters who had learned Spanish, whom he had brought along. After exploring and gathering gold in the fertile western valleys, González Dávila and his men were attacked and driven off by the Chorotega, led by chief 4033:

Atlantic) which contain volcanoes, tropical rainforests, and agricultural land. The majority of the eco-lodges and other environmentally-focused touristic destinations are found on Ometepe Island, located in the middle of Lake Nicaragua just an hour's boat ride from Granada. While some are foreign-owned, others are owned by local families.

8835:"...Finds that the United States of America, by producing in 1983 a manual entitled "Operaciones sicológicas en guerra de guerrillas", and disseminating it to Contra forces, has encouraged the commission by them of acts contrary to general principles of humanitarian law." As seen at: International Court of Justice 1986, (9) 1943: 8844:"In the case of shooting "a citizen who was trying to leave the town or city in which the guerrillas are carrying out armed propaganda or political proselytism," the manual suggests that the Contras "...explain that if that citizen had managed to escape, he would have alerted the enemy." As seen at: Sklar 1988, p. 179 4221:. Although many Creoles supported Somoza because of his close association with the United States, they rallied to the Sandinista cause in July 1979, only to reject the revolution soon afterwards in response to a new phase of "westernization" and imposition of central rule from Managua. There is a smaller number of 6193: 1298:. The Spanish tried to convert the tribes to Christianity; Macuilmiquiztli's tribe was baptized, but Diriangén was openly hostile to the Spaniards. Western Nicaragua, at the Pacific Coast, became a port and shipbuilding facility for the Galleons plying the waters between Manila, Philippines and Acapulco, Mexico. 5270: 1923: 2950:

National Police work separately and have a different established set of norms than the nation's military. According to a recent US Department of State report, corruption is endemic, especially within law enforcement and the judiciary, and arbitrary arrests, torture, and harsh prison conditions are the norm.

4735:. Catholic bishops are expected to lend their authority to important state occasions, and their pronouncements on national issues are closely followed. They can be called upon to mediate between contending parties at moments of political crisis. In 1979, Miguel D'Escoto Brockman, a priest who had embraced 2179:. Nicaragua initially chose not to join the Paris Climate Accord because it felt that "much more action is required" by individual countries on restricting global temperature rise. However, in October 2017, Nicaragua made the decision to join the agreement. It ratified this agreement on November 22, 2017. 13660: 3745:

Nicaragua's informal sector workers include tinsmiths, mattress makers, seamstresses, bakers, shoemakers, and carpenters; people who take in laundry and ironing or prepare food for sale in the streets; and thousands of peddlers, owners of small businesses (often operating out of their own homes), and

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in the 1980s, much of the country's infrastructure was damaged or destroyed. Transportation throughout the nation is often inadequate. For example, it was until recently impossible to travel all the way by highway from Managua to the Caribbean coast. A new road between Nueva Guinea and Bluefields was

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due to the number of lagoons and lakes, and the chain of volcanoes that runs from the north to the south along the country's Pacific side. Today, only 7 of the 50 volcanoes in Nicaragua are considered active. Many of these volcanoes offer some great possibilities for tourists with activities such as

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sector slowed in the first decade of the 21st century with rising competition from Asian markets, particularly China. Land is the traditional basis of wealth in Nicaragua, with great fortunes coming from the export of staples such as coffee, cotton, beef, and sugar. Almost all of the upper class and

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In December 1974, a group of the FSLN, in an attempt to kidnap U.S. ambassador Turner Shelton, held some Managuan partygoers hostage after killing the party's host, former agriculture minister Jose Maria Castillo, until the Somoza government met their demands for a large ransom and free transport to

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in the 16th century. Nicaragua gained independence from Spain in 1821. The Mosquito Coast followed a different historical path, being colonized by the English in the 17th century and later coming under British rule. It became an autonomous territory of Nicaragua in 1860 and its northernmost part was

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In 2009, a Special Ombudsman for Sexual Diversity position was created within its Office of the Human Rights Ombudsman. And, in 2014, the Health Ministry in 2014 banned discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation. Nevertheless, discrimination against LGBTQ individuals is common,

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for its citizens. However, limitations of current delivery models and unequal distribution of resources and medical personnel contribute to the persistent lack of quality care in more remote areas of Nicaragua, especially among rural communities in the Central and Atlantic region. To respond to the

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The diaspora has seen Nicaraguans settling around in smaller communities in other parts of the world, particularly Western Europe. Small communities of Nicaraguans are found in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Communities also exist in Australia and New Zealand.

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The eruptions of western Nicaragua's 40 volcanoes, many of which are still active, have sometimes devastated settlements but also have enriched the land with layers of fertile ash. The geologic activity that produces vulcanism also breeds powerful earthquakes. Tremors occur regularly throughout the

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were held to oppose a decree increasing taxes and reducing benefits in the country's pension system. Local independent press organizations had documented at least 19 dead and over 100 missing in the ensuing conflict. A reporter from NPR spoke to protestors who explained that while the initial issue

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and a fear of armed opposition from Sandino, Somoza García ordered his assassination. Sacasa invited Sandino for dinner and to sign a peace treaty at the Presidential House on the night of February 21, 1934. After leaving the Presidential House, Sandino's car was stopped by National Guard soldiers

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formed the cosmogenic view of the world of the indigenous people. Some of these stories are still known in Nicaragua. Like many Latin American countries, the Spanish conquerors have had the most effect on both the culture and the literature. Nicaraguan literature has historically been an important

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A 1985 government study classified 69.4 percent of the population as poor on the basis that they were unable to satisfy one or more of their basic needs in housing, sanitary services (water, sewage, and garbage collection), education, and employment. The defining standards for this study were very

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The clashes among Spanish forces did not impede their destruction of the indigenous people and their culture. The series of battles came to be known as the "War of the Captains". Pedro Arias Dávila was a winner; although he lost control of Panama, he moved to Nicaragua and established his base in

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Relative to its population, Nicaragua has not experienced large waves of immigration. The number of immigrants in Nicaragua, from other Latin American countries or other countries, never surpassed 1% of its total population before 1995. The 2005 census showed the foreign-born population at 1.2%,

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aims to be ecologically and socially conscious; it focuses on local culture, wilderness, and adventure. Nicaragua's ecotourism is growing with every passing year. It boasts a number of ecotourist tours and perfect places for adventurers. Nicaragua has three eco-regions (the Pacific, Central, and

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Mining is becoming a major industry in Nicaragua, contributing less than 1% of gross domestic product (GDP). Restrictions are being placed on lumbering due to increased environmental concerns about destruction of the rain forests. But lumbering continues despite these obstacles; indeed, a single

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Force (in Spanish: La Policía Nacional Nicaragüense) is the national police of Nicaragua. The force is in charge of regular police functions and, at times, works in conjunction with the Nicaraguan military, making it an indirect and rather subtle version of a gendarmerie. However, the Nicaraguan

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Nicaragua is home to a rich variety of plants and animals. Nicaragua is located in the middle of the Americas and this privileged location has enabled the country to serve as host to a great biodiversity. This factor, along with the weather and light altitudinal variations, allows the country to

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Baseball was introduced to Nicaragua during the 19th century. In the Caribbean coast, locals from Bluefields were taught how to play baseball in 1888 by Albert Addlesberg, a retailer from the United States. Baseball did not catch on in the Pacific coast until 1891 when a group of mostly college

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By 2006, tourism became the second-largest industry in Nicaragua. Previously, tourism had grown about 70% nationwide during a period of 7 years, with rates of 10%–16% annually. The increase and growth led to the income from tourism to rise more than 300% over a period of 10 years. The growth in

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Nicaragua is primarily an agricultural country; agriculture constitutes 60% of its total exports which annually yield approximately US$ 300 million. Nearly two-thirds of the coffee crop comes from the northern part of the central highlands, in the area north and east of the town of Estelí.

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in 1986, found, "the United States of America was under an obligation to make reparation to the Republic of Nicaragua for all injury caused to Nicaragua by certain breaches of obligations under customary international law and treaty-law committed by the United States of America". During the war

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Nicaragua is considering construction of a canal linking the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, which President Daniel Ortega has said will give Nicaragua its "economic independence". Scientists have raised concerns about environmental impacts, but the government has maintained that the canal will

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Every year about 60,000 U.S. citizens visit Nicaragua, primarily business people, tourists, and those visiting relatives. Some 5,300 people from the U.S. reside in Nicaragua. The majority of tourists who visit Nicaragua are from the U.S., Central or South America, and Europe. According to the

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The urban lower class is characterized by the informal sector of the economy. The informal sector consists of small-scale enterprises that utilize traditional technologies and operate outside the legal regime of labor protections and taxation. Workers in the informal sector are self-employed,

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The restrictive tax measures put in place in 2019 and a political crisis over social security negatively affected the country's weak public spending and investor confidence in sovereign debt. According to the update IMF forecasts from 14 April 2020, due to the COVID-19 outbreak, GDP growth is

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Nicaragua's tropical east coast is very different from the rest of the country. The climate is predominantly tropical, with high temperature and high humidity. Around the area's principal city of Bluefields, English is widely spoken along with the official Spanish. The population more closely

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The Sandinistas forcefully took power in July 1979, ousting Somoza, and prompting the exodus of the majority of Nicaragua's middle class, wealthy landowners, and professionals, many of whom settled in the United States. The Carter administration decided to work with the new government, while

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Primary education is free in Nicaragua. A system of private schools exists, many of which are religiously affiliated and often have more robust English programs. As of 1979, the educational system was one of the poorest in Latin America. One of the first acts of the newly elected Sandinista

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Rural workers are dependent on agricultural wage labor, especially in coffee and cotton. Only a small fraction hold permanent jobs. Most are migrants who follow crops during the harvest period and find other work during the off-season. The "lower" peasants are typically smallholders without

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English-speaking protestants formed the majority of the population until about 1900...indigenous anglophones still form about 85 per cent of the population, which also includes non-anglophone Black Caribs...At least at the level of arolectal Whites, the accent is rhotic though obviously

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The Somoza family was among a few families or groups of influential firms which reaped most of the benefits of the country's growth from the 1950s to the 1970s. When Somoza was deposed by the Sandinistas in 1979, the family's worth was estimated to be between $ 500 million and $

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sufficient land to sustain a family; they also join the harvest labor force. The "upper" peasants have sufficient resources to be economically independent. They produce enough surplus, beyond their personal needs, to allow them to participate in the national and world markets.

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is a mixture of Spanish food and dishes of a pre-Columbian origin. Traditional cuisine changes from the Pacific to the Caribbean coast. The Pacific coast's main staple revolves around local fruits and corn, the Caribbean coast cuisine makes use of seafood and the coconut.

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Dance in Nicaragua varies depending upon the region. Rural areas tend to have a stronger focus on movement of the hips and turns. The dance style in cities focuses primarily on more sophisticated footwork in addition to movement and turns. Combinations of styles from the

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reached an agreement that Sandino would cease his guerrilla activities in return for amnesty, a land grant for an agricultural colony, and retention of an armed band of 100 men for a year. However, due to a growing hostility between Sandino and National Guard director

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after conducting a farcical election in 1856; his presidency lasted less than a year. Military forces from Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua itself united to drive Walker out of Nicaragua in 1857, bringing three decades of Conservative rule.

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has stated his intention to use tourism to combat poverty throughout the country. The results for Nicaragua's tourism-driven economy have been significant, with the nation welcoming one million tourists in a calendar year for the first time in its history in 2010.

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in 11%. A Japanese research of "Genomic Components in America's demography" demonstrated that, on average, the ancestry of Nicaraguans is 58–62% European, 28% Native American, and 14% African, with a very small Near Eastern contribution. Non-genetic data from the

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The majority of the Nicaraguan population is composed of mestizos, roughly 69%, while 17% of Nicaragua's population is white, with the majority of them being of Spanish descent, while others are of German, Italian, English, Turkish, Danish or French ancestry.

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was created by the eruption of the Apoyo Volcano about 23,000 years ago, which left a huge 7 km-wide crater that gradually filled with water. It is surrounded by the old crater wall. The rim of the lagoon is lined with restaurants, many of which have

1688:, the eldest son of the late president, was appointed president by the congress and officially took charge of the country. He is remembered by some as moderate, but after only a few years in power died of a heart attack. His successor as president was 5352:

and Spanish. It's regarded as one of Latin America's most distinctive colonial-era expressions and as Nicaragua's signature folkloric masterpiece. El Güegüense is a work of resistance to Spanish colonialism that combined music, dance and theatre. The

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Nicaragua occupies a landmass of 130,967 km (50,567 sq mi), which makes it slightly larger than England. Nicaragua has three distinct geographical regions: the Pacific lowlands – fertile valleys which the Spanish colonists settled, the

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and disseminating it to the Contras. The manual, among other things, advised on how to rationalize killings of civilians. The U.S. also sought to place economic pressure on the Sandinistas, and the Reagan administration imposed a full trade embargo.

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In the 19th century, Nicaragua experienced modest waves of immigration from Europe. In particular, families from Germany, Italy, Spain, France and Belgium immigrated to Nicaragua, particularly the departments in the Central and Pacific region.

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Fue elevada a ciudad en 1846 y salomónicamente declarada capital de la República en 1852, para dirimir el viejo conflicto entre las urbes coloniales de León (occidente) y Granada (oriente) que rivalizaban por ejercer la hegemonía política de

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emerged in the 1970s and 1980s among deaf children as the first special education schools brought them together, and its emergence became of particular interest to linguists as an opportunity to directly observe the creation of a language.

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The Civil War forced many Nicaraguans to start lives outside of their country. Many people emigrated during the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century due to the lack of employment opportunities and poverty. The majority of the

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and Nicaragua signed an agreement to write off 30.6 million dollars, which was borrowed by the Nicaraguan government in the 1980s. Inflation reduced from 33,500% in 1988 to 9.45% in 2006, and the foreign debt was cut in half.

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on the Atlantic side of Nicaragua but did not encounter any indigenous people. 20 years later, the Spaniards returned to Nicaragua, this time to its southwestern part. The first attempt to conquer Nicaragua was by the conquistador

10813: 3673:, a root crop somewhat similar to the potato, is an important food in tropical regions. Cassava is also the main ingredient in tapioca pudding. Nicaragua's agricultural sector has benefited because of the country's strong ties to 5514:", a thick tortilla with soft cheese and cream, "tajadas" (deep-fried plantain chips), "maduros" (a sautéed ripe plantain), and "fresco" (fresh juices such as hibiscus and tamarind commonly served in a plastic bag with a straw). 3677:. It is estimated that Venezuela will import approximately $ 200 million in agricultural goods. In the 1990s, the government initiated efforts to diversify agriculture. Some of the new export-oriented crops were peanuts, 1637:

to replace the marines who had long reigned in the country. Somoza García slowly eliminated officers in the national guard who might have stood in his way, and then deposed Sacasa and became president on January 1, 1937, in a

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region is irrigated by several large rivers and is sparsely populated. The area has 57% of the territory of the nation and most of its mineral resources. It has been heavily exploited, but much natural diversity remains. The

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has become extremely popular in Managua's nightclubs. With various influences, the form of salsa dancing varies in Nicaragua. New York style and Cuban Salsa (Salsa Casino) elements have gained popularity across the country.

5043:. When it came to global rankings regarding gender equality, the World Economic Forum ranked Nicaragua at number twelve in 2015, and in its 2020 report Nicaragua ranked number five, behind only northern European countries. 4758:(LDS Church) has been growing rapidly since the 1990s. There is a significant LDS missionary effort in Nicaragua. There are two missions and 95,768 members of the LDS Church (1.54% of the population). There are also strong 9937: 4200:

and mainly resides on the country's Caribbean (or Atlantic) coast. The black population is mostly composed of black English-speaking Creoles who are the descendants of escaped or shipwrecked slaves; many carry the name of

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in the Central highlands has been expanded, and other hydroelectric projects have been undertaken to help provide electricity to the nation's newer industries. Nicaragua has long been considered as a possible site for a

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in the north. The Nicaraguan jungles, which represent about 9,700 square kilometres (2.4 million acres), are considered the lungs of Central America and comprise the second largest-sized rainforest of the Americas.

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but also including Native American sounds and flavors. Nicaraguan culture can further be defined in several distinct strands. The Pacific coast has strong folklore, music and religious traditions, deeply influenced by

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Fishing boats on the Caribbean side bring shrimp as well as lobsters into processing plants at Puerto Cabezas, Bluefields, and Laguna de Perlas. A turtle fishery thrived on the Caribbean coast before it collapsed from

5109:. It was colonized by Spain and has a similar culture to other Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. The indigenous groups that historically inhabited the Pacific coast have largely been assimilated into the 2765:

Between 2007 and 2009, Nicaragua's major political parties discussed the possibility of going from a presidential system to a parliamentary system. Their reason: there would be a clear differentiation between the

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is the largest river in Central America; it forms the border with Honduras. The Caribbean coastline is much more sinuous than its generally straight Pacific counterpart; lagoons and deltas make it very irregular.

2171:. Nicaragua has made efforts to become less dependent on fossil fuels, and it expects to acquire 90% of its energy from renewable resources by 2020. Nicaragua was one of the few countries that did not enter an 172: 8226:"SOMOZA'S NATION CALLED HIS FIEF; Rule of Nicaraguan General, Beginning With 1935 Coup, Was Seldom Challenged PRESIDENT FIRST IN '37 Graduate of Business School in U.S., He Acquired Great Wealth During Regime" 5862: 2782:; both elections were tainted by credible reports of large-scale fraud, voter intimidation, and politically motivated arrests of opposition party leaders. Independent observers were barred from the polls. The 13904: 13778: 11697: 5844: 13817: 12568: 1042:(Spanish for 'water'), to reference the fact that there are two large lakes and several other bodies of water within the country. However, as of 2002, it was determined that the cacique's real name was 5251:

is popular in Nicaragua. A considerable amount of Bachata dancing influence comes from Nicaraguans living abroad, in cities that include Miami, Los Angeles and, to a much lesser extent, New York City.

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Northern Nicaragua is the most diversified region producing coffee, cattle, milk products, vegetables, wood, gold, and flowers. Its extensive forests, rivers and geography are suited for ecotourism.

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have been in open conflict. The latter has been accused of using the police to harass clergy (including bishops), closing down Catholic media outlets, and arresting members of the clergy (including

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resulted in the re-election of Ortega, with a landslide 62.46% of the vote. In 2014 the National Assembly approved changes to the constitution allowing Ortega to run for a third successive term.

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is the biggest city, with an estimated population of 1,042,641 in 2016. In 2005, over 5 million people lived in the Pacific, Central and North regions, and 700,000 in the Caribbean region.

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benefit the country by creating new jobs and potentially increasing its annual growth to an average of 8% per year. The project was scheduled to begin construction in December 2014, however the

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provided $ 60 million in aid to Nicaragua under the Sandinistas, but the aid was suspended when the administration obtained evidence of Nicaraguan shipment of arms to El Salvadoran rebels.

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They engaged in a systematic campaign of terror among rural Nicaraguans to disrupt the social reform projects of the Sandinistas. Several historians have criticized the Contra campaign and the

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destroyed nearly 90% of Managua, including much of its infrastructure. Instead of helping to rebuild the city, Somoza siphoned off relief money. The mishandling of relief money also prompted

2987:(municipalities). The two autonomous regions are the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region and South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, often referred to as RACCN and RACCS, respectively. 946:, with a population of 1,055,247 as of 2020. Nicaragua's multiethnic population includes people of mestizo, indigenous, European, and African heritage. The country's most spoken language is 15403: 1586:

and they kidnapped him. Later that night, Sandino was assassinated by National Guard soldiers. Later, hundreds of men, women, and children from Sandino's agricultural colony were murdered.

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Popular religion revolves around the saints, who are perceived as intercessors between human beings and God. Most localities, from the capital of Managua to small rural communities, honor

1673:(19 December). Only Romania reciprocated, declaring war on Nicaragua on the same day (19 December 1941). No soldiers were sent to the war, but Somoza García confiscated properties held by 1350:, compounded by neglect by the Spaniards, who controlled their subsistence. Many other indigenous peoples were captured and transported as slaves to Panama and Peru between 1526 and 1540. 7389:

Citing Andre Gschaedler, "Mexico and the Pacific, 1540 - 1565: The Voyage of Villabos and Legazpi and the Preparations Made for Them," (Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1954), 40.

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is the most popular sport in Nicaragua. Although some professional Nicaraguan baseball teams have recently folded, the country still enjoys a strong tradition of American-style baseball.

2457:, in the Caribbean lowlands. Bonanza still contains an active gold mine owned by HEMCO. Siuna and Rosita do not have active mines but panning for gold is still very common in the region. 8815: 2015:, and corruption; liberal and Sandinista parliament members combined to strip the presidential powers of President Bolaños and his ministers, calling for his resignation and threatening 15620: 12967: 10472: 4401:

during the British colonial period and European, Chinese, Arab, and British West Indian immigrants, also speak Miskito Coast Creole as their first language and Spanish as their second.

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According to the World Bank, Nicaragua ranked as the 123rd out of 190 best economy for starting a business. In 2007, Nicaragua's economy was labelled "62.7% free" by the conservative

13125: 9608: 10805: 9873: 9286: 1882:, which were judged by at least one visiting 30-person delegation of NGO representatives to have been free and fair, the Sandinistas won the parliamentary election and their leader 1769:(FSLN). After the 1972 earthquake and Somoza's apparent corruption, the ranks of the Sandinistas were flooded with young disaffected Nicaraguans who no longer had anything to lose. 13283: 11675: 5128:, etc. Unlike on the west coast, the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean coast have maintained distinct identities, and some still speak their native languages as first languages. 981:

The mixture of cultural traditions has generated substantial diversity in folklore, cuisine, music, and literature, including contributions by Nicaraguan poets and writers such as

14167: 9927: 9103:"Case concerning military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), International Court of Justice, Order of 26 september 1991" 10581: 4360:

as a first language and some other indigenous and Afro-descendants people as a second, third, or fourth language, is the most commonly spoken indigenous language. The indigenous

13159:

Angel-Urdinola D, Cortez R, Tanabe K. (2008). Equity, Access to Health Care Services and Expenditures on Health in Nicaragua. Health, Nutrition and Population of the World Bank.

1984:(from below). Chamorro came to office with an economy in ruins, primarily because of the financial and social costs of the Contra War with the Sandinista-led government. In the 1340:

Without women in their parties, the Spanish conquerors took Nahua and Chorotega wives and partners, beginning the multiethnic mix of indigenous and European stock now known as "

5525:. Tapirs, iguanas, turtle eggs, armadillos and boas are also sometimes eaten, but because of extinction threats to these wild creatures, there are efforts to curb this custom. 4241:– consisting of the eastern half of the country – into two autonomous regions and granted the black and indigenous people of this region limited self-rule within the republic. 3713:

Nicaragua's minimum wage is among the lowest in the Americas and in the world. Remittances are equivalent to roughly 15% of the country's gross domestic product. Growth in the

1633:, who ruled for 43 nonconsecutive years during the 20th century. The Somoza family came to power as part of a U.S.-engineered pact in 1927 that stipulated the formation of the 11757: 11637: 8988: 6056: 1777:. Somoza granted the demand, and then subsequently sent his national guard out into the countryside to look for the kidnappers, who were described by opponents as terrorists. 6308: 9467: 8167: 5161:

and others common across Central America. The marimba of Nicaragua is played by a sitting performer holding the instrument on his knees. He is usually accompanied by a bass

13177:

Birn AE, Zimmerman S, Garfield R. (2000). To decentralize or not to decentralize, is that the question? Nicaraguan health policy under structural adjustment in the 1990s. I

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For most Nicaraguans radio and TV are the main sources of news. There are more than 100 radio stations and several TV networks. Cable TV is available in most urban areas.

4397:. The majority speak Miskito Coast Creole as their first language and Spanish as their second. The Creole or Kriol people, descendants of enslaved Africans brought to the 3757:, for use among its members. In essence, this means that the Nicaraguan córdoba will be replaced with the Sucre. Other nations that will follow a similar pattern include: 2354:

The area has a cooler climate than the Pacific lowlands. About a quarter of the country's agriculture takes place in this region, with coffee grown on the higher slopes.

1765:

looked back to the historical figure of Sandino, and along with two other people, one of whom was believed to be Casimiro Sotelo, who was later assassinated, founded the

1614: 9904: 9346: 4336:

when speaking. Although Spanish is spoken throughout, the country has great variety: vocabulary, accents and colloquial language can vary between towns and departments.

10441: 9049: 8519: 2312:

In addition to its beach and resort communities, the Pacific lowlands contains most of Nicaragua's Spanish colonial architecture and artifacts. Cities such as León and

6260: 4390:, descendants of indigenous and Afro-descendant people who came to Nicaragua from Honduras in the early twentieth century, have recently attempted to revitalize their 2431: 2347:

The central highlands are a significantly less populated and economically developed area in the north, between Lake Nicaragua and the Caribbean. Forming the country's

1715:

in an airplane accident. Even the economic elite were reluctant to support Somoza, as he had acquired monopolies in industries that were key to rebuilding the nation.

1302: 13060: 12080: 6616: 2549:

There are currently 78 protected areas in Nicaragua, covering more than 22,000 square kilometres (8,500 sq mi), or about 17% of its landmass. These include

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Although Nicaragua's health outcomes have improved over the past few decades with the efficient utilization of resources relative to other Central American nations,

1794:

attaching a provision for aid forfeiture if it was found to be assisting insurgencies in neighboring countries. Somoza fled the country, and eventually ended up in

13912: 13770: 11378: 11271: 9018: 7800: 7511: 7469: 4739:, served in the government as foreign minister when the Sandinistas came to power. The largest denomination, and traditionally the religion of the majority, is the 12173: 12144: 11705: 9379: 8338: 2027:" was averted partially by pressure from the Central American presidents, who vowed not to recognize any movement that removed Bolaños; the U.S., the OAS, and the 1790:

and ardent opponent of Somoza, was assassinated. It is alleged that the planners and perpetrators of the murder were at the highest echelons of the Somoza regime.

1497:

Throughout the late 19th-century, the United States and several European powers considered various schemes to link the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic by building a

649: 7382: 6344: 1540:

was signed, giving the U.S. control over a proposed canal through Nicaragua, as well as leases for potential canal defenses. After the U.S. Marines left, another

15745: 15740: 15735: 15730: 15725: 15720: 15715: 15710: 15705: 15700: 15695: 15690: 15685: 13986: 12307: 10835: 8581: 8057: 910:, comprising 130,370 km (50,340 sq mi). With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America after 14041: 6825: 3722:

low; housing was considered substandard if it was constructed of discarded materials with dirt floors or if it was occupied by more than four persons per room.

1897:

In 1983 the U.S. Congress prohibited federal funding of the Contras, but the Reagan administration illegally continued to back them by covertly selling arms to

12560: 9786: 5679: 3635:, 48% of the population of Nicaragua live below the poverty line, 79.9% of the population live with less than $ 2 per day, According to UN figures, 80% of the 8658: 6761: 5452:, is made with white rice and small red beans that are cooked individually and then fried together. The dish has several variations including the addition of 4137:

There is a growing expatriate community, the majority of whom move for business, investment or retirement from across the world, such as from the US, Canada,

2217:. On 9 June 2021, Nicaragua launched a new volcanic supersite research in strengthening the monitoring and surveillance of the country's 21 active volcanoes. 13313: 12943: 9809: 8683: 5116:

The Caribbean coast of Nicaragua was once a British protectorate. English is still predominant in this region and spoken domestically along with Spanish and

989:, the second-largest rainforest of the Americas. The biological diversity, warm tropical climate and active volcanoes make Nicaragua an increasingly popular 13494: 10887: 9581: 6437: 15389: 12522: 9133: 7607: 5938: 2284:. Lake Nicaragua is the largest freshwater lake in Central America (20th largest in the world), and is home to some of the world's rare freshwater sharks ( 943: 12028: 5584:

students from the United States formed "La Sociedad de Recreo" (Society of Recreation) where they played various sports, baseball being the most popular.

1169:

At the end of the 15th century, western Nicaragua was inhabited by several indigenous peoples related by culture to the Mesoamerican civilizations of the

16774: 16769: 13682: 13601: 10773: 9843: 8686: 6375: 13194: 12432: 11858: 10608: 1838:

with funding, weapons, and training. The Contras operated from camps in the neighboring countries of Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south.

15515: 14857: 14011: 2801:

require membership in the FSLN. Opposition media has been repressed through arrests of journalists and seizure of broadcasting and printing materials.

1842: 1002: 13847: 11080: 3935:

news program, the main attractions in Nicaragua for tourists are the beaches, the scenic routes, the architecture of cities such as León and Granada,

3493: 9202: 6406: 4291:. In the 19th century, there was a substantial indigenous minority, but this group was largely assimilated culturally into the mestizo majority. The 1290:

of Nicaragua. There he encountered an indigenous Nahua tribe led by chief Macuilmiquiztli, whose name has sometimes been erroneously referred to as "

8256: 8233: 6673: 15765: 9520: 5150:

costume, which is a traditional costume worn to dance the Mestizaje dance. The costume demonstrates the Spanish influence upon Nicaraguan clothing.

4975:

dynamic needs of localities, the government has adopted a decentralized model that emphasizes community-based preventive and primary medical care.

2080:(FAD), having promoted boycotts of the elections, claimed that 70% of voters had abstained (while election officials claimed 65.8% participation). 1006: 635: 14210: 13260: 12913: 11818: 11491: 9229: 8630: 8550: 8399: 7358: 7041: 6704: 15952: 15006: 11294: 10943: 4755: 10865: 9147: 7860: 970:

in 1960. Since its independence, Nicaragua has undergone periods of political unrest, dictatorship, occupation and fiscal crisis, including the

15630: 13472: 12879: 12339: 12300: 11348: 8812: 8364: 1447:

rose to undisputed preeminence as the nation's capital in 1852 to allay the rivalry between the two feuding cities. Following the start of the

14184: 13935:"Baseball's Perfect Games: Dennis Martinez, Montreal Expos|. Also, Everth Cabrera who MLB debut was in 2009 season with San Diego Padres" 13716: 13221: 12964: 10751: 10464: 3524: 2522:

harbor 248 species of amphibians and reptiles, 183 species of mammals, 705 bird species, 640 fish species, and about 5,796 species of plants.

1490:, President of Nicaragua from 1893 to 1909, negotiated the integration of the Mosquito Coast into Nicaragua. In his honor, the region became " 16739: 15538: 15103: 13339: 12407: 12248: 11323: 11135: 10688: 8090: 6803: 6650: 4263:(also known as Maribios or Hokan Xiu). The central region and the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua were inhabited by indigenous peoples who were 2264:

In the west of the country, these lowlands consist of a broad, hot, fertile plain. Punctuating this plain are several large volcanoes of the

1859: 757: 11968: 11933: 11185: 10921: 10554: 9255: 16759: 13135: 12743: 11998: 11419: 10634: 10351: 9604: 6227: 6086: 3867:

tourism has also positively affected the agricultural, commercial, and finance industries, as well as the construction industry. President

2918: 2172: 2132:

The low plains of the Atlantic Coast are 97 km (60 mi) wide in areas. They have long been exploited for their natural resources.

1547: 807: 14236: 13934: 12598: 12484: 11237: 9865: 9639: 9278: 2580:, where it is often referred to as the "Nicaragua shark". Nicaragua has recently banned freshwater fishing of the Nicaragua shark and the 16327: 13291: 11667: 10520: 10082: 9669: 7585: 5022: 1993: 1835: 1573:(national guard), a combined military and police force trained and equipped by the Americans and designed to be loyal to U.S. interests. 15381: 14146: 14117: 12627: 11731: 10577: 10494: 8781: 8484: 7890: 6121: 1515:

In 1909, the United States supported the forces rebelling against President Zelaya. U.S. motives included differences over the proposed

14609: 14303: 1973:, the widow of Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, defeated the Sandinistas. The defeat shocked the Sandinistas, who had expected to win. 1891: 604: 13373: 8316: 8200: 5914: 4383:

and the vast majority speaking Spanish. Linguists have attempted to document and revitalize the language over the past three decades.

2907:. The other elements and manpower that were not devoted to the national police were sent over to cultivate the new Army of Nicaragua. 2820: 15574: 11645: 10666: 8980: 8008: 1868: 705: 13092: 11765: 11614: 11580: 8421: 6047: 5093:'s most distinctive colonial-era expressions and as Nicaragua's signature folkloric masterpiece combining music, dance, and theatre. 4328:

has many indigenous influences and several distinguishing characteristics. For example, some Nicaraguans have a tendency to replace

15625: 15558: 14694: 12680:"Aqui Nicaragua Documentary, Program by Carlos Fernando Chamorro. Programa Inaugural de Aqui Nicaragua, Idiosincracia Nicaragüense" 12488: 12278: 9756: 9463: 7268: 1432:, a country later known as the Federal Republic of Central America. Nicaragua definitively became an independent republic in 1838. 12462: 10282: 10186: 9987:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material" 9699: 9550: 8171: 7956: 7229: 6300: 1459:

and Lake Nicaragua. Invited by the Liberals in 1855 to join their struggle against the Conservatives, the American adventurer and

16647: 15927: 14973: 14968: 14457: 11795: 11432: 9402: 9168: 8958: 5656: 4663: 3533: 3502: 2793:'s election in 2006, liberal democratic norms and individual rights in practice have deteriorated. Parties other than the ruling 2534: 2530: 2454: 208: 16695: 14269: 13626: 13038: 13013: 12985: 12848: 8282: 7913: 6557: 4364:

of Mayangna and Ulwa are spoken by the respective peoples of the same names. Many Miskito, Mayangna, and Sumo people also speak

3710:

that could supplement the Panama Canal, connecting the Caribbean Sea (and therefore the Atlantic Ocean) with the Pacific Ocean.

2076:

was announced in October. Ortega was reported by Nicaraguan election officials as having received 72% of the vote. However, the

1221:

around 1200 CE. Additionally, there were trade-related colonies in Nicaragua set up by the Aztecs starting in the 14th century.

15635: 15610: 15508: 14850: 14535: 11446: 8714: 7822: 7380:

Making the First Global Trade Route: The Southeast Asian Foundations of the Acapulco–Manila Galleon Trade, 1519-1650 (Page 163)

5013:. The Sandinistas also added a leftist ideological content to the curriculum, which was removed after 1990. In September 1980, 3462: 1482:

since 1655, delegated the area to Honduras in 1859 before transferring it to Nicaragua in 1860. The Mosquito Coast remained an

1413: 1346:", which constitutes the great majority of the population in western Nicaragua. Many indigenous people were killed by European 11884: 11215: 9963: 9896: 9338: 8035: 5064:

in 2017. It reflects gender-based inequalities in three dimensions - reproductive health, empowerment, and economic activity.

2068:(his fourth overall). International monitoring of the elections was initially prohibited, and as a result the validity of the 1321:. Córdoba soon built defenses for the cities and fought against incursions by other conquistadors. Córdoba was later publicly 16744: 14357: 13410: 13168:

Sequeira M, Espinoza H, Amador JJ, Domingo G, Quintanilla M, and de los Santos T. (2011). The Nicaraguan Health System. PATH.

12657: 11529: 10433: 10325: 9316: 9102: 9086: 9041: 8614: 8511: 8465: 7794: 7736: 7579: 7505: 7463: 7334: 7307: 7185: 7080: 6866: 5172:

The marimba is made with hardwood plates placed over bamboo or metal tubes of varying lengths. It is played with two or four

3901: 1510: 15483: 13439: 12713: 6249: 2241: 1036:

during his entry into southwestern Nicaragua in 1522. This theory holds that the name Nicaragua was formed from Nicarao and

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who is regarded as the most important literary figure in Nicaragua. He is called the "Father of Modernism" for leading the

5186:

which is popular throughout the country. It is especially loud and celebrated during the Palo de Mayo festival in May. The

3750: 3697: 3632: 2976: 2794: 1766: 1230: 14380: 12544:

Baracco, L (2005). "From Acquiescence to Ethnic Militancy: Costeno Responses to Sandinista Anti-Imperialist Nationalism".

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https://search-ebscohost-com.lpclibrary.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=282331&site=ehost-live

6737:

Sánchez, Edwin (16 September 2002). "No hubo Nicarao, todo es invento" [There was no Nicarao, it's all invented].

6608: 4907:

population is estimated at 12,000. The Chinese arrived in the late 19th century but were unsubstantiated until the 1920s.

1576:

After the U.S. Marines withdrew from Nicaragua in January 1933, Sandino and the newly elected administration of President

1337:

León. In 1527, León became the capital of the colony. Through diplomacy, Arias Dávila became the colony's first governor.

16749: 16442: 15645: 14999: 14777: 14674: 14347: 14316: 13964: 11370: 11263: 10997: 9010: 5731: 5650: 5542:

The Nicaraguan print media are varied and partisan, representing pro and anti-government positions. Publications include

4725: 1429: 1428:. In July 1823, after the overthrow of the Mexican monarchy in March of the same year, Nicaragua joined the newly formed 553: 506: 9369: 7054:, interpretation of statement: "the native peoples were linguistically and culturally similar to the Aztec and the Maya" 6335: 5646: 5570: 4934:

Canada, Brazil and Argentina host small groups of these communities. In Asia, Japan hosts a small Nicaraguan community.

3400: 2797:

have been repressed through arbitrary arrest and detention of opposition candidates and activists. Most government jobs

2668: 1357:

volcano erupted, destroying the city of León. The city was rebuilt northwest of the original, which is now known as the

16565: 14508: 14342: 13990: 13547: 11402: 8892: 7697: 7379: 7014: 6920: 6583: 5319:, Alberto Cuadra Mejia, Manolo Cuadra, Pablo Alberto Cuadra Arguello, Orlando Cuadra Downing, Alfredo Alegría Rosales, 4105: 3177: 2954: 1666: 1541: 1421: 1123: 738: 339: 320: 10839: 10159: 8573: 8064: 6938: 5369:

as "a patrimony of humanity". After centuries of popular performance, the play was first published in a book in 1942.

4167:: 17.7 per 1,000 as of 2017. The death rate was 4.7 per 1,000 during the same period according to the United Nations. 2640: 1886:

won the presidential election. The Reagan administration criticized the elections as a "sham" based on the claim that

1781: 15987: 15501: 15096: 14843: 14550: 14083: 14031: 13811: 13317: 11129: 10382: 8912: 8745: 8155: 7213: 6833: 5960:

The Latin American Socio-Religious Studies Program / Programa Latinoamericano de Estudios Sociorreligiosos (PROLADES)

3822: 2816: 2687: 2561:. There are more than 1,400 animal species classified thus far in Nicaragua. Some 12,000 species of plants have been 2084: 1958: 1879: 1857:

as illegal. The court also found that the U.S. encouraged acts contrary to humanitarian law by producing the manual

1798:, where he was assassinated in September 1980, allegedly by members of the Argentinian Revolutionary Workers' Party. 1527: 11054: 9778: 8655: 8342: 7641: 5649:

has served as a venue for both baseball and football. The first ever national football-only stadium in Managua, the

1980:

was achieved with a 55% majority. Chamorro was the first woman president of Nicaragua. Ortega vowed he would govern

1867:

The Sandinistas were also accused of human rights abuses including torture, disappearances and mass executions. The

16754: 16317: 15650: 15468: 15351: 15321: 15226: 14407: 12383: 11295:"Nicaragua Plans to Sell Over $ 200 Million to Venezuela – CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 9728: 9722:

European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y Del Caribe

9440: 8862: 7410: 6769: 5460:

on the Caribbean coast. Most Nicaraguans begin their day with gallo pinto. Gallo pinto is most usually served with

5390:, a Nicaraguan dish served with boiled yuca and chicharrones (fried pork with skin) and topped with a cabbage salad 4892: 4823: 4251:

The remaining 5% of Nicaraguans are indigenous, the descendants of the country's original inhabitants. Nicaragua's

2779: 2775: 2187: 2065: 2058: 2046: 2000: 1985: 1966: 1385: 12935: 12167:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 12058: 10216: 3084: 2538: 1239: 14619: 14604: 14432: 14412: 14141: 13502: 12592:"¿La Costa Pacífica de América Central y América del sur Como Zona de Difusión Lexical?: Primeras Aproximaciones" 12514: 10971: 10895: 10888:"Field Listing :: GDP - composition, by sector of origin — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency" 9573: 6527: 6429: 5930: 4721: 3649:, with high levels of fiscal, government, labor, investment, financial, and trade freedom. It ranked as the 61st 3239: 2783: 2647: 2329: 2073: 1745: 1436: 1286:, who had arrived in Panama in January 1520. In 1522, González Dávila ventured to the area that later became the 380: 12020: 11504:

CITATION: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. The Country Studies Series. Published 1988–1999.

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people in Nicaragua. This community numbers about 30,000. There is an East Asian community mostly consisting of

2892: 16417: 15827: 14992: 14498: 14452: 14296: 13747: 8823: 7978: 7173: 4349: 3983:

available. Besides exploring the forest around it, many water sports are practiced in the lagoon, most notably

3115: 2983:) and two self-governing regions (autonomous communities) based on the Spanish model. The departments are then 2810: 2755: 2625: 2050: 1906: 1854: 1629:

Nicaragua has experienced several military dictatorships, the longest being the hereditary dictatorship of the

1440: 1417: 1370: 858: 686: 13686: 13593: 11934:"Foreign investment Increases by 79.1% in Nicaragua – CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 10780: 9839: 6367: 3208: 103: 16525: 16492: 16447: 14742: 14643: 14614: 14599: 14530: 14337: 14259: 13198: 12424: 11479: 10604: 5219:. Cumbia dancing has grown popular with the introduction of Nicaraguan artists, including Gustavo Leyton, on 4127:

and other races. This fluctuates with changes in migration patterns. The population is 58% urban as of 2013.

3804: 2883:. There are roughly 14,000 active duty personnel, which is much less compared to the numbers seen during the 2214: 1692:, whom most Nicaraguans viewed "as nothing more than a puppet of the Somozas". Somoza García's youngest son, 1234: 1201:

dialect and also came from Chiapas, around 1200 CE. Prior to that, the Nicaraos had been associated with the

882: 486: 14223: 13801: 4690: 4295:

are also present, mainly on the Caribbean Coast. They are a people of mixed African and Indigenous descent.

3053: 16452: 16027: 15346: 15089: 14747: 14737: 14520: 14442: 14422: 13839: 12110: 11088: 8260: 5034: 3975: 3836: 2946: 2939: 2930: 2654: 2183: 2007:

succeeding him as president. However, Alemán was convicted and sentenced in 2003 to 20 years in prison for

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von Humboldt, Alexander; Poynter, J. Ryan; Altamirano Rayo, Giorleny D; Kraft, Tobias (25 January 2013).

6189: 6153: 5660: 5638: 4444: 4422: 4333: 4329: 2984: 2839: 2572:

is a species of shark that can survive for an extended period of time in fresh water. It can be found in

1831: 1827: 1463: 1206: 961:

Originally inhabited by various indigenous cultures since ancient times, the region was conquered by the

466: 391: 9516: 8225: 7753: 4104:, European ancestry predominates in 69% of Nicaraguans, followed by African ancestry in 20%, and lastly 3431: 3022: 2525:

The region of great forests is located on the eastern side of the country. Rainforests are found in the

1273:

became the first European known to have reached what is now Nicaragua as he sailed southeast toward the

975: 34: 16595: 16362: 16297: 16257: 15553: 15276: 14207: 14202: 13708: 13252: 12905: 12546:

Nicaragua: The Imagining of a Nation. From Nineteenth-Century Liberals to Twentieth-Century Sandinistas

9668:(in Spanish). Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. 25 May 2018. 9225: 8634: 8542: 8395: 7668: 7350: 7033: 6712: 5721: 2888: 2887:. Although the army has had a rough military history, a portion of its forces, which were known as the 2828: 2621: 2577: 2316:

abound in colonial architecture; founded in 1524, Granada is the oldest colonial city in the Americas.

1969:, a coalition of anti-Sandinista parties from both the left and right of the political spectrum led by 1910: 1850: 1802: 1689: 1681: 1569: 1533: 1456: 1374: 1362: 1178: 834: 55: 14963: 12818: 11906: 10948: 7852: 5962: 4156:, particularly in Costa Rica, the United States, Spain, Canada, and other Central American countries. 3701:

completed in 2019 and allows regular bus service to the capital. The Centroamérica power plant on the

3471: 3270: 2636: 2537:. This biome groups together the greatest biodiversity in the country and is largely protected by the 2526: 1599: 1582: 15326: 14784: 14664: 14586: 14488: 14289: 13938: 11517: 10861: 9720:

Dammert, Lucía, and Mary Fran T. Malone. “From Community Policing to Political Police in Nicaragua.”

5726: 4701: 4046: 3944: 3650: 2846: 2786:, United States, and European Union all described the 2021 election as a "sham" due to these issues. 2562: 2077: 1700: 1537: 1536:

occupied Nicaragua from 1912 to 1933, except for a nine-month period beginning in 1925. In 1914, the

622: 327: 316: 109: 30: 13627:"Showcasing Nicaragua's Folkloric Masterpiece – El Gueguense – and Other Performing and Visual Arts" 13579: 13464: 13195:"National adult literacy rates (15+), youth literacy rates (15–24) and elderly literacy rates (65+)" 12871: 12350: 12311: 11566: 11340: 11163: 8372: 7177:

Views of the Cordilleras and Monuments of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas: A Critical Edition

5120:. Its culture is similar to that of Caribbean nations that were or are British possessions, such as 4429: 4159:

Nicaragua has a population growth rate of 1.5% as of 2013. This is the result of one of the highest

16152: 16052: 15615: 15524: 14953: 14866: 14717: 14576: 14513: 14483: 14181: 13229: 10747: 5301:

source of poetry in the Spanish-speaking world, with internationally renowned contributors such as

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is small, numbering less than 200 people in 2017. Of these, 112 were recent converts who claimed

4743:. It came to Nicaragua in the 16th century with the Spanish conquest and remained, until 1939, the 4700:

Religion plays a significant role in Nicaraguan culture and is afforded special protections in its

4449: 4337: 4264: 3998:. Both dormant and active volcanoes can be climbed. Some of the most visited volcanoes include the 3593: 3409: 2966: 2727: 1693: 1618: 1443:

elite of Granada, which often degenerated into civil war, particularly during the 1840s and 1850s.

1283: 1143: 1033: 13343: 12404: 12244: 11320: 11111: 10972:"Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo – Noticias – La pobreza se arraiga en el país" 8110: 1677:

residents. In 1945, Nicaragua was among the first countries to ratify the United Nations Charter.

1560: 1552: 16367: 16352: 16337: 16177: 15892: 15548: 14732: 14659: 14525: 14503: 12679: 11990: 11960: 11177: 10917: 10546: 9251: 5612: 5289: 5264: 5061: 4967: 4960: 4954: 3654: 3646: 3621: 2868: 2862: 2614: 2265: 785: 663: 188: 12735: 11826: 10630: 10347: 6215: 6078: 5979: 5336: 4462: 4023: 2953:

Nicaragua has one of the lowest intentional homicide rates in Central America, according to the

2288:). The Pacific lowlands region is the most populous, with over half of the nation's population. 2230: 16382: 16322: 16237: 16122: 16002: 15967: 15807: 15675: 15579: 15166: 14679: 14669: 14629: 14545: 14493: 14390: 14233: 12591: 12492: 11264:"Tobacco Sector Exceeds Expectations – CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 11241: 9631: 7299: 6907:

Pérez-Brignoli, Héctor; translated by Sawrey A., Ricardo B.; Sawrey, Susana Stettri de (1989).

5555: 5320: 5117: 4984: 4806: 4787: 4751: 4304: 3570: 2914:

is not imminent. As of 2006, the military budget was roughly 0.7% of Nicaragua's expenditures.

2747: 2731: 2292:

Pacific zone, and earthquakes have nearly destroyed the capital city, Managua, more than once.

2107: 2097: 2069: 1902: 1467: 1451:

in 1848, Nicaragua provided a route for travelers from the eastern United States to journey to

1214: 713: 657: 591: 449: 14114: 10524: 10090: 9078: 9072: 8457: 8451: 7882: 7569: 7324: 6117: 89: 16585: 16387: 16347: 16222: 16212: 16187: 16162: 16132: 16112: 16022: 15962: 15922: 15852: 15781: 15458: 15420: 15216: 15071: 14903: 14722: 14689: 14540: 14471: 14244: 13566: 12623: 12561:"Vestiges of Ancient Indigenous Language Still Found Today in Matagalpa's Northern Highlands" 11727: 10498: 9661: 8788: 8488: 7784: 7495: 7453: 7175: 7070: 6856: 6143: 5608: 5588: 5312: 4884: 4802: 4740: 4681: 4591: 3943:

particularly in northern Nicaragua. As a result of increased tourism, Nicaragua has seen its

3479: 3093: 2935: 2884: 2593: 2054: 1750: 1728: 1564: 1460: 1139: 971: 431: 425: 155: 14591: 10998:"Human Development Report 2009 – Countries' shares of total stock of migrants in Africa (%)" 5756: 3604:, and exported worldwide through North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. 1487: 1326: 1055:

The second theory is that the country's name comes from any of the following Nahuatl words:

818: 16580: 16462: 16372: 16357: 16242: 16192: 16087: 16072: 16042: 15842: 15832: 14948: 14908: 14770: 14704: 14624: 14581: 14564: 14324: 13366: 9998: 8308: 8193: 8004: 7233: 5911: 5736: 5713: 5642: 5629:

is the second most popular sport in Nicaragua. The country has had world champions such as

5316: 5097: 5073: 4942: 4937:

Due to extreme poverty at home, many Nicaraguans are now living and working in neighboring

4555: 4365: 4361: 4267:

groups that had migrated to and from South America in ancient times, primarily what is now

4120: 3921: 3794: 3560: 3378: 3124: 2880: 2850: 2225: 2168: 2122: 2101: 1954: 1577: 1448: 1425: 1270: 1090: 998: 540: 279: 14913: 13130: 12405:

Migration Information Source – El Salvador: Despite End to Civil War, Emigration Continues

11606: 10656: 8706: 8543:"Families Struggle to Maintain Life Style : Sandinista Rule Not Easy on Middle Class" 7096:

Fowler, WR Jr. (1985). "Ethnohistoric Sources on the Pipil Nicarao: A Critical Analysis".

5600: 5442:

as well as sweets and desserts. In addition to corn, rice and beans are eaten very often.

4645: 4489: 3742:

unsalaried family workers or employees of small-enterprises, and they are generally poor.

3565: 3304: 3155: 1365:, Central America was subject to conflict between Britain and Spain. British navy admiral 1301:

The first Spanish permanent settlements were founded in 1524. That year, the conquistador

1250: 8: 16620: 16615: 16605: 16510: 16482: 16402: 16397: 16377: 16287: 16272: 16207: 16172: 16067: 16007: 15982: 15977: 15947: 15912: 15907: 15877: 15857: 15761: 15655: 15428: 15231: 15126: 14923: 14684: 13102: 12111:"Ometepe Island Information – Everything About Traveling To Ometepe Island In One Place!" 11584: 11521: 10290: 9932: 9374: 9134:

The PRIO Battle Deaths Dataset, 1946–2008, Version 3.0: Documentation of Coding Decisions

8425: 7260: 5620: 5543: 5357:

play was written by an anonymous author in the 16th century, making it one of the oldest

4923: 4916: 4736: 4709: 4705: 4694: 4609: 4197: 4153: 4124: 3855: 3774: 3217: 2724: 2434:

forest – almost 7% of the country's area – making it the largest rainforest north of the

2382: 2135:

On the Pacific side of Nicaragua are the two largest freshwater lakes in Central America—

1905:, for which several members of the Reagan administration were convicted of felonies. The 1786: 1685: 1662: 1021:

came to be. The first is that the name was coined by Spanish colonists based on the name

990: 15316: 14172: 12270: 11420:

Sewing Discontent in Nicaragua: The Harsh Regime of Asian Garment Companies in Nicaragua

10145: 10002: 9748: 9691: 9632:"In Nicaragua, the political battle is moving from the streets to the negotiating table" 9542: 7948: 7728: 7720: 7686:"California Filibusters: A History of their Expeditions into Hispanic America (excerpt)" 5332: 5046:

Nicaragua was among the many countries in Latin America and the Caribbean to ratify the

2824: 1100: 16764: 16734: 16610: 16560: 16550: 16540: 16535: 16530: 16515: 16505: 16500: 16467: 16457: 16437: 16422: 16342: 16252: 16227: 16217: 16202: 16147: 16142: 16097: 16077: 16037: 15992: 15902: 15897: 15872: 15847: 15837: 15817: 15812: 15281: 14938: 14918: 14793: 14727: 14712: 14427: 14417: 14126: 13539: 12791: 12766: 12454: 12221: 12196: 11554: 11151: 10740: 10434:"In Latin America's Second Largest Rainforest, an Indigenous Tribe Fights for Its Land" 10294: 10194: 10029: 9986: 7550: 7292: 7156: 7121: 6519: 6148: 5668: 5534: 5405: 5378: 5362: 5358: 5244: 5237: 5154: 5137: 4904: 4850: 4834: 4627: 4622: 4573: 4480: 4391: 4373: 4325: 4314: 4206: 4164: 4142: 4111: 3881: 3636: 3313: 3194: 3186: 2767: 2743: 2739: 2661: 2505: 2450: 2313: 2254: 2159:

of the central highlands. Nicaragua's abundance of biologically significant and unique

2126: 2039: 1846: 1704: 1670: 1603: 1567:, whom he fought for over five years. When the Americans left in 1933, they set up the 1347: 1306: 1255: 243: 76: 15771: 14928: 13010: 9928:"Being outside the Paris climate deal: Something now only the U.S. and Syria agree on" 9172: 8954: 5630: 5604: 4519: 4514: 4467: 3995: 3877: 3256: 3248: 2186:

like national parks, nature reserves, and biological reserves. The country had a 2019

2019:. The Sandinistas said they no longer supported Bolaños after U.S. Secretary of State 2004: 1314: 1244: 16630: 16600: 16575: 16555: 16545: 16520: 16477: 16432: 16427: 16392: 16312: 16307: 16277: 16262: 16197: 16167: 16127: 16107: 16092: 16057: 16047: 15917: 15887: 15882: 15862: 15822: 15589: 15413:

Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America - Peoples’ Trade Treaty (ALBA-TCP)

15236: 14943: 14933: 14898: 14332: 13807: 13634: 13543: 13030: 12840: 12796: 12226: 11535: 11525: 11511: 11125: 10689:"Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons" 10378: 10034: 10016: 9082: 8908: 8888: 8763: 8741: 8610: 8604: 8461: 8151: 7917: 7790: 7732: 7575: 7501: 7459: 7330: 7303: 7209: 7181: 7129: 7113: 7076: 7010: 6916: 6862: 6549: 6511: 6027: 5344: 5106: 5101: 5082: 4686: 4537: 4499: 4394: 4238: 4202: 3601: 3347: 3279: 3062: 2709: 2700: 2510: 2446: 2435: 2337: 1674: 1491: 1291: 1274: 1210: 1127: 1119: 1022: 840: 285: 95: 12782: 12212: 8286: 7830: 5566: 5089:, was the first literary work of post-Columbian Nicaragua and is regarded as one of 4963:

still confronts challenges responding to its populations' diverse healthcare needs.

1989: 16625: 16590: 16570: 16472: 16412: 16332: 16302: 16247: 16232: 16157: 16117: 16102: 16082: 16062: 16032: 16017: 15997: 15942: 15937: 15867: 15584: 14958: 14893: 14885: 14798: 13531: 12786: 12778: 12216: 12208: 11880: 11207: 11117: 10024: 10006: 9959: 8447: 8102: 8031: 7571:

Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture

7542: 7105: 6909: 6503: 6017: 5875: 5855: 5770: 5699: 5675: 5349: 5324: 5302: 5273: 5157:

is a mixture of indigenous and Spanish influences. Musical instruments include the

4766:

communities on the Caribbean coast in what once constituted the sparsely populated

4353: 4318: 4276: 4255:

population consisted of many indigenous groups. In the western region, the Nahuas (

4210: 4180: 4146: 3893: 3889: 3811: 3754: 3686: 3448: 3440: 3031: 2398: 2386: 2012: 1970: 1931: 1708: 1658: 1646: 1544:

between Liberals and Conservatives in 1926 resulted in the return of U.S. Marines.

1377:, the latter of which had temporary success before being abandoned due to disease. 1287: 1159: 1118:

first inhabited what is now known as Nicaragua as far back as 12,000 BCE. In later

982: 955: 947: 765: 435: 263: 258: 130: 13402: 12649: 10317: 9308: 9109: 7326:

Locating Health: Historical and Anthropological Investigations of Place and Health

4368:, and a large majority also speak Spanish. Fewer than three dozen of nearly 2,000 16407: 16292: 16267: 16182: 16137: 16012: 15972: 15932: 15640: 15023: 15015: 14276: 14263: 14240: 14227: 14214: 14188: 14162: 14121: 14018: 13432: 13097: 13017: 12971: 12705: 12411: 11698:"Four Years Later, China-Backed Nicaragua Canal Struggles to Take Off the Ground" 11406: 11327: 10661: 10255: 9732: 8819: 8690: 8662: 8606:

Exiting the Whirlpool: U.S. Foreign Policy Toward Latin America and the Caribbean

8194:"Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice" 7386: 6942: 5966: 5918: 5634: 5596: 5547: 5465: 5311:

literary movement at the end of the 19th century. Other literary figures include

5297: 5248: 5200: 5187: 4842: 4783: 4763: 4750:

The number of practicing Roman Catholics has been declining, while membership of

4713: 4387: 4380: 4222: 4214: 3782: 3707: 2876: 2872: 2712: 2550: 2461:

resembles that found in many typical Caribbean ports than the rest of Nicaragua.

2348: 2297: 2277: 2195: 2148: 1947: 1650: 1639: 1607: 1516: 1498: 1483: 1263: 1185:

ethnic groups who had arrived in Nicaragua from what is now the Mexican state of

1182: 1062: 907: 903: 472: 333: 290: 139: 16664: 11581:"Primera prueba del sucre en enero – LA PRENSA — EL Diario de los Nicaragüenses" 10259: 10052: 6460: 6006:"Authoritarian Populism and Patriarchal Logics: Nicaragua's Engendered Politics" 5348:

was the first literary work of post-Columbian Nicaragua. It was written in both

2112: 1822:

In response to the Sandinistas, various rebel groups collectively known as the "

16654: 15786: 15543: 15336: 14352: 10011: 6611:[Why do Latin American countries call themselves as they are called?]. 5616: 5592: 5328: 5220: 5204: 5125: 4775: 4767: 4744: 4732: 4658: 4398: 4357: 4280: 4256: 3999: 3968: 3905: 3859: 3290: 2573: 2554: 2514: 2281: 2202: 2140: 2028: 1872: 1762: 1475: 1406: 1390: 1366: 1310: 1278: 1259: 1198: 1190: 1163: 1147: 1109: 994: 962: 951: 273: 14021:

Michael Pavitt (insidethegames.biz), 7 December 2017. Accessed 14 August 2020.

13960: 12683: 11001: 10657:"A New U.N. Vote Shows Russia Isn't as Isolated as the West May Like to Think" 10138: 9195:"El Sandinista Daniel Ortega se convierte de nuevo en presidente de Nicaragua" 8257:"Against all odds: U.S. policy and the 1963 Central America Summit Conference" 8005:"History of U.S. Violence Across the Globe: Washington's War Crimes (1912–33)" 1934:

became the first woman president democratically elected in the history of the

1733: 1523: 1397: 16728: 16710: 16697: 15331: 15112: 14362: 14157: 11399: 10020: 8106: 7206:

American Indian languages : the historical linguistics of Native America

7117: 6515: 6285:

https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/NIC/nicaragua/population

6031: 5664: 5504: 5449: 5293: 5277: 5252: 5224: 5192: 5090: 5040: 4827: 4771: 4717: 4376: 4252: 4115:

establish that from Nicaragua's 2016 population of 5,966,798, around 69% are

3868: 2972: 2790: 2771: 2735: 2705: 2426:

is in the Atlantic lowlands, part of which is located in the municipality of

2199: 1977: 1883: 1871:

investigated abuses by Sandinista forces, including an execution of 35 to 40

1630: 1622: 1115: 927: 919: 875: 456: 374: 268: 223: 210: 14809: 13881: 11539: 7685: 7133: 6579: 5471:

Many of Nicaragua's dishes include indigenous fruits and vegetables such as

5255:

has also surfaced recently in cultural cities and ballroom dance occasions.

4259:) were present along with other groups such as the Chorotega people and the 3862:, which are home to 76 bird species and are a growing ecotourism destination 1942: 1358: 1330: 985:. Known as the "land of lakes and volcanoes", Nicaragua is also home to the 16669: 15665: 15594: 15493: 15368: 15341: 14835: 13524: 12965:

Con Todo el Poder de la Informmación – El Nuevo Diario – Managua, Nicaragua

12800: 12230: 11032: 10547:"Nicaragua bans freshwater shark fishing amid dwindling population numbers" 10163: 10038: 6935: 6906: 5551: 5453: 5212: 5182: 5169:). This music is played at social functions as a sort of background music. 5018: 4794: 4230: 4226: 3913: 3826: 2911: 2565:

thus far in Nicaragua, with an estimated 5,000 species not yet classified.

2375: 2302: 2152: 2136: 2020: 2008: 1654: 1479: 1322: 1318: 1174: 1030: 493: 362: 300: 11457: 7533:

Smith, RS (1963). "Financing the Central American federation, 1821–1838".

7434:

Hernando de Soto – A Savage Quest in the Americas – Book II: Consolidation

5394: 5176:. The Caribbean coast of Nicaragua is known for a lively, sensual form of 5100:

has strong folklore, music and religious traditions, deeply influenced by

5048:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

4011: 1435:

The early years of independence were characterized by rivalry between the

15791: 15776: 15463: 15311: 15221: 15171: 15131: 15041: 14077: 13535: 13403:"An investigation into the reported closing of the Nicaraguan gender gap" 11058: 10578:"'Rigged': Criticism mounts of Nicaragua's 'sham' elections under Ortega" 7645: 6022: 6005: 5445: 5430: 5417: 5398: 5208: 5177: 5078: 5010: 5006: 4971: 4938: 4900: 4846: 4779: 4759: 4369: 4288: 4284: 4042: 3991: 3940: 3897: 3807: 2903: 2897: 2751: 2453:, known as the "Mining Triangle", are located in the region known as the 2390: 2371: 2206: 2191: 2164: 2144: 2016: 1988:, Daniel Ortega and the Sandinistas of the FSLN lost again, this time to 1887: 1151: 1131: 931: 412: 12375: 11121: 9725: 9432: 8854: 7402: 7147:

Brinton, Daniel G. (1887). "Were the Toltecs an Historic Nationality?".

5269: 4833:

As of 2007, approximately 1,200 to 1,500 Nicaraguan residents practiced

1922: 15306: 15301: 15296: 15151: 15036: 12428: 12274: 12197:"Interethnic admixture and the evolution of Latin American populations" 12050: 10318:"Pittsburghers find once war-ravaged country is a good place to invest" 10224: 10223:(in Spanish). Managua: Empresa Portuaria Nacional. 2009. Archived from 9897:"Only U.S. and Syria Now Oppose Paris Climate Deal, as Nicaragua Joins" 9866:"Nicaragua to join Paris climate accord, leaving US and Syria isolated" 9491:"As Nicaragua's Election Draws Near, Concerns Grow Over Abuse of Power" 7786:

The Banana Wars: United States Intervention in the Caribbean, 1898-1934

7554: 6223: 5554:, Hoy, and Mercurio. Online news publications include Confidencial and 5518: 5307: 5281: 5190:

community (Afro-Native American) is known for its popular music called

4927: 4586: 4160: 4029: 3936: 3917: 3818: 3702: 3696:

During the war between the US-backed Contras and the government of the

3643: 3541: 3101: 2628: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2569: 2415: 2410: 2285: 2210: 2190:

mean score of 3.63/10, ranking it 146th globally out of 172 countries.

1594: 1452: 1142:. Nicaragua's central region and its Caribbean coast were inhabited by 1105: 923: 15286: 10975: 8285:. Vanderbilt Television News Archive. 16 December 1972. Archived from 7160: 7125: 6523: 6491: 5425: 5387: 5142: 3799: 3729: 3653:, and 14th (of 29) in the Americas. Nicaragua was ranked 115th in the 1563:

led a sustained guerrilla war against the regime and then against the

15473: 15291: 15181: 15046: 14281: 14012:

Panama win men's basketball gold at Central American Games in Managua

13093:"El Salvador inicia plan para regularizar a nicaragüenses residentes" 11178:"Poland forgives nearly 31 million dollars of debt owed by Nicaragua" 10918:"Migration Information Source – Remittance Trends in Central America" 7455:

Rascally Signs in Sacred Places: The Politics of Culture in Nicaragua

6936:

Gloria Helena Rey, "The Chibcha Culture – Forgotten, But Still Alive"

6010:

Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society

5496: 5435: 5421: 5215:

have gained prominence in cultural centres such as Managua, Leon and

5147: 5002: 4888: 4712:

are officially promoted by the government, but, in recent years, the

4550: 4504: 4345: 4272: 4003: 3916:

among other locations are the main tourist attractions. In addition,

3825:, called "Huellas de Acahualinca" and preserved in volcanic mud near 3758: 3753:, also known as ALBA. ALBA has proposed creating a new currency, the 3674: 3609: 3597: 3386: 2901:. The National Police of Nicaragua are rarely, if ever, labeled as a 2759: 2558: 2273: 2229:

Nicaragua is known as "the land of lakes and volcanoes"; pictured is

2160: 2143:. Surrounding these lakes and extending to their northwest along the 2125:(North-central highlands), and the Mosquito Coast (Atlantic lowlands/ 1354: 1295: 911: 14822: 13743: 12194: 7982: 7546: 6676:[From Macuilmiquiztli to Güegüence through Fernando Silva]. 6182:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Nicaragua)" 5615:, and the 13th in the major league history, when he played with the 4640: 3605: 3369: 3163: 2603: 1914:

between the Contras and the Sandinistas, 30,000 people were killed.

15443: 15256: 15191: 15161: 15136: 15051: 14192: 13525:"Human development indices and indicators: 2018 statistical update" 11487: 11025:"NICARAGUA: Name and Identity for Thousands of Indigenous Children" 7109: 6507: 5577: 5511: 5484: 5166: 4998: 4990: 4812: 4770:

colony. It was under British influence for nearly three centuries.

4604: 4568: 4292: 4268: 4260: 4007: 3984: 3960: 3909: 3770: 3617: 3585: 3225: 3132: 3070: 2485: 2473: 2324: 2306: 2269: 2253:

in northeastern Nicaragua, is the second-largest rainforest in the

2250: 2035: 1935: 1795: 1218: 967: 935: 915: 870: 822: 14984: 14256: 4790:

were introduced to the rest of Nicaragua during the 19th century.

3639:(who make up 5% of the population) live on less than $ 1 per day. 1875:

in December 1981, and an execution of 75 people in November 1984.

1696:, often referred to simply as "Somoza", became president in 1967. 1205:

civilization. Both Chorotegas and Nicaraos originated in Mexico's

15448: 15433: 15271: 15266: 15196: 15176: 14370: 14220: 12765:

Kocab, Annemarie; Senghas, Ann; Snedeker, Jesse (November 2016).

12140: 12118: 9605:"Nicaragua Withdraws Social Security Changes That Sparked Unrest" 6609:"¿Por qué los países de América Latina se llaman como se llaman?" 6301:"Sense of wonder: Discover the turbulent past of Central America" 5500: 5492: 5488: 5457: 5354: 5216: 5158: 5121: 5110: 4896: 4475: 4309: 4218: 4131: 4116: 4096:

Nicaraguan high school students at the American Nicaraguan School

4092: 4019: 4015: 3964: 3925: 3876:

Ministry of Tourism of Nicaragua (INTUR), the colonial cities of

3850: 3844: 3762: 3734: 3718:

nearly a quarter of the middle class are substantial landowners.

3670: 3324: 2957:, with a homicide rate of 11 per 100,000 inhabitants as of 2021. 2581: 2234: 2156: 1927: 1823: 1817: 1754: 1738: 1444: 1342: 1186: 1155: 1049: 1026: 939: 404: 312: 202: 16648:

Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China

15081: 12872:"Nicaragua bishop on hunger strike to protest police harassment" 12767:"The emergence of temporal language in Nicaraguan Sign Language" 10372: 9808:

Nussbaum, Alex; Krukowska, Ewa; Carr, Mathew (8 December 2015).

8925:"OAS Study Says Miskito Indians Suffered Abuse From Sandinistas" 7322: 4141:, and European countries; the majority have settled in Managua, 2003:, the PLC again defeated the FSLN, with Alemán's Vice President 1069:

came this far", or "those who come from Anahuac came this far";

938:

to the east. The country's largest city and national capital is

15211: 15201: 15146: 15141: 15061: 15031: 14176: 13020:(Released October 2007, covers period of June 2006 to May 2007) 9517:"OAS Mission in Nicaragua Recommends Integral Electoral Reform" 8134:

Lying for Empire: How to Commit War Crimes With a Straight Face

5830: 5626: 5480: 5472: 5439: 5420:

and is used in many of the widely consumed dishes, such as the

5366: 5173: 5162: 5014: 4883:

Also present is a small Middle Eastern-Nicaraguan community of

4838: 4532: 4494: 4234: 4138: 3980: 3956: 3885: 3840: 3678: 3661: 3589: 3581: 3417: 3355: 2835: 2716: 2481: 2469: 2333: 2258: 1711:

to personally fly to Managua on December 31, 1972, but he died

1202: 1194: 1170: 1066: 502: 16655:

Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu

10402: 8735: 5607:, who was the first baseball player from Nicaragua to play in 3832: 3577: 2480:. Other animal life in the area includes different species of 15261: 15186: 14230:: Official information of the Honorary Consulate of Nicaragua 6332: 5794: 5476: 5413: 5086: 4854: 4175: 3510: 3039: 2493: 2477: 2465: 2442: 2427: 2176: 1135: 863: 498: 11788:"A Dynamic Economy: Dynamic Sectors of the Economy; Tourism" 8957:. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. 12 March 1993. 8259:. Journal of Third World Studies. p. 11. Archived from 7727:(4th ed.). New York: Avalon Travel Publishing. p. 6798:[Clash of languages or the mixing of our language]. 6674:"De Macuilmiquiztli al Güegüence pasando por Fernando Silva" 6368:"12 largest rainforests in the world and where to find them" 6048:"U.S. Imposes Sanctions on Nicaragua's Authoritarian Regime" 4930:. Today one in six Nicaraguans live in these two countries. 2975:

republic. For administrative purposes it is divided into 15

1329:. Córdoba's tomb and remains were discovered in 2000 in the 1081:, which meant "here by the water" or "surrounded by water". 15438: 15412: 15156: 14036: 12814: 11910: 11853: 11668:"Nicaragua, Chinese tycoon say canal work to start in 2014" 9779:"Nicaragua: a renewable energy paradise in Central America" 8199:. San Francisco: United Nations. 26 June 1945. p. 49. 5959: 5833: 5803: 5785: 5510:

Traditional street food snacks found in Nicaragua include "

4858: 4819: 3766: 2584:

in response to the declining populations of these animals.

2489: 2430:; it protects 7,300 square kilometres (1,800,000 acres) of 2367: 2363: 2359: 1976:

Exit polls of Nicaraguans reported Chamorro's victory over

1898: 1774: 12986:"Tiny Nicaraguan Community Doubles in Size as 112 Convert" 11849:"Nicaragua exceeds one mn foreign tourists for first time" 11638:"Nicaraguan Canal Could Wreck Environment, Scientists Say" 11607:"Nicaragua canal construction 'will not begin until 2015'" 8782:"Mines and Underwater IEDs in U.S. Ports and Waterways..." 7644:. Ministerio de Educación. 9 December 2012. Archived from 7497:

Geomorphology of Central America: A Syngenetic Perspective

6915:(2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. 5659:

had some recent success as it won the silver medal at the

5383: 5039:

Nicaragua's gender equality ranks high among countries in

4861:

or natural-born Nicaraguan descendants of the two groups.

4822:

have been living in Nicaragua since the 18th century, the

3884:

are the preferred spots for tourists. Also, the cities of

3584:

is one of the Nicaragua's largest exports. It is grown in

2871:

consist of various military contingents. Nicaragua has an

2827:

and with Costa Rica over a boundary dispute involving the

2023:

told Bolaños to distance from the FSLN. This "slow motion

1680:

On September 29, 1956, Somoza García was shot to death by

1380: 1029:

of a powerful indigenous tribe encountered by the Spanish

16650:, participating as "Hong Kong, China" and "Macao, China". 5827: 5824: 5818: 5815: 5797: 5779: 5247:

and the United States can be found throughout Nicaragua.

4797:, selected from the Roman Catholic calendar, with annual 2394: 2355: 2151:

are fertile lowland plains, with soil highly enriched by

1807:

Most people sided with Nicaragua against the Sandinistas.

887: 12974:. Archivo.elnuevodiario.com.ni. Retrieved on 2011-04-29. 12174:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

12145:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

10748:"Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people) - Nicaragua" 9984: 9810:"Carbon Markets Are Making a Slow, But Steady, Comeback" 7758:. Westminster, England: Archibald Constable and Company. 5997: 5401:, a traditional Nicaraguan dish made with rice and beans 2381:

Bird life in the forests of the central region includes

12682:(in Spanish). YouTube. 27 February 2008. Archived from 7009:(1st ed.). Norman : University of Oklahoma Press. 5054:

particularly in housing, education, and the workplace.

4287:, as well as Mayangnas and Ulwas who are also known as 2834:

On 12 October 2022, Nicaragua voted against condemning

2280:

to Nicaragua's Pacific border with Costa Rica south of

1504: 1076: 1070: 1056: 1043: 10280: 9662:"CIDH condena nuevos hechos de violencia en Nicaragua" 9574:"Los muertos de la represión que Daniel Ortega oculta" 9433:"Bolaños Will Move To The National Assembly After All" 6764:[Encounter of the cacique and the conqueror]. 6071: 4989:

The adult literacy rate in 2005 was 78.0%, the lowest

4237:

descent. In the mid-1980s, the government divided the

4100:

According to a 2014 research published in the journal

3839:, a nature reserve located between the departments of 2723:

Politics of Nicaragua takes place in a framework of a

918:. Nicaragua is bordered by Honduras to the north, the 15641:

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

13874:"LA HISTORIA DEL BÉISBOL EN LATINOAMERICA: Nicaragua" 12656:. Minority Rights Group International. 19 June 2015. 11371:"Nicaragua completes Bluefields-Nueva Guinea highway" 10605:"New Sanctions Following Sham Elections in Nicaragua" 10248:"Empresas de seis países interesadas en Monkey Point" 9807: 9077:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 8676:

The New Americans : A Guide to Immigration Since 1965

8063:. University of Pittsburgh. p. 1. Archived from 7323:

Dyck, Erika; Fletcher, Christopher (6 October 2015).

7289: 6079:"Nicaragua: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report" 5800: 5782: 5776: 5773: 1722: 14875: 13594:"Traditional Nicaraguan Costumes: Mestizaje Costume" 12764: 12654:

World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples

12414:. Migrationinformation.org. Retrieved on 2011-04-29. 11472: 9519:. Organization of American States. 7 November 2016. 9279:"Old Foe of U.S. Trying for a Comeback in Nicaragua" 9169:"Was February 25 a 'triumph'? National Review v. 42" 8341:. The National Baseball Hall of Fame. Archived from 7883:"General Augusto C. Sandino: The Constitutional War" 6796:"Choque de lenguas o el mestizaje de nuestro idioma" 6490:

Vanden, Harry E.; Morales, Waltraud Queiser (1985).

5812: 5791: 5689: 5611:. He became the first Latin-born pitcher to throw a 16653:

Officially the Republic of China, participates as "

9978: 9339:"Spanish defense minister: No more troops for Iraq" 9074:

The United States since 1980 (The World Since 1980)

8446: 6643:"El origen de "Nicarao-agua": la Traición y la Paz" 6492:"Nicaraguan Relations with the Nonaligned Movement" 5809: 5788: 4815:has increased with a steady influx of immigration. 4778:mainly by British and German colonists in forms of 3990:Sand skiing has become a popular attraction at the 2464:A great variety of birds can be observed including 11758:"Turismo en Nicaragua: aportes y desafios parte I" 10947: 10193:. Granada, Nicaragua: Tierramérica. Archived from 9464:"Nicaragua's Revolution Heads Toward Dictatorship" 8762: 8740:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 141–205. 8512:"Nicaraguan Exiles Find A Place In The Sun: Miami" 7291: 6908: 6496:Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 6461:"Research Guides: UN Membership: Founding Members" 6334: 6046: 5680:2018–2020 NORCECA Beach Volleyball Continental Cup 2116:A map of Nicaragua's Köppen climate classification 1901:and channeling the proceeds to the Contras in the 1138:cultural regions, and within the influence of the 1017:There are two prevailing theories on how the name 1003:Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America 13499:Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights 13438:. Geneva: World Economic Forum. 2020. p. 9. 13222:"Nicaragua's new gov't to enforce free education" 13197:. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from 10691:. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017. 10495:"National Parks and Protected Areas of Nicaragua" 10373:Trudgill, Peter; Watts, Richard J., eds. (2002). 10217:"Proyecto "Construcción del Puerto Monkey Point"" 7149:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 6333:Wallace, Will; Wallace, Camilla (10 April 2010). 5434:. Maize is also an ingredient for drinks such as 5060:ranked Nicaragua 106 out of 160 countries in the 3693:hardwood tree may be worth thousands of dollars. 3616:Nicaragua is one of the poorest countries in the 2815:Nicaragua pursues an independent foreign policy. 2066:Ortega was elected for his third consecutive term 16726: 13744:"Try the culinary delights of Nicaragua cuisine" 12172:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 10245: 9042:"KEY AIDES DISPUTE U.S. ROLE IN NICARAGUAN VOTE" 8485:"History of Nicaragua: The Beginning of the End" 8396:"Nicaragua: Diversification and Growth, 1945–77" 7458:. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 30–32. 6038: 5199:Nicaragua has international influence in music. 5165:, guitar and guitarrilla (a small guitar like a 1826:" were formed to oppose the new government. The 1007:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States 14348:Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1838) 13987:"Building for tomorrow in Belize and Nicaragua" 12195:Mauro Salzano, Francisco; Sans, Mónica (2014). 11583:. Laprensa.com.ni. 16 June 2010. Archived from 8981:"NICARAGUAN VOTE:'FREE, FAIR, HOTLY CONTESTED'" 7823:"US violence for a century: Nicaragua: 1912–33" 7447: 7445: 7443: 7199: 7197: 7064: 7062: 7060: 4756:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2910:The age to serve in the armed forces is 17 and 2182:Nearly one fifth of Nicaragua is designated as 1843:Reagan administration's support for the Contras 1209:valley, and migrated south. A third group, the 9331: 8887:. University Publications of America. p. 143. 8855:"US Policy: Economic Embargo: The War Goes On" 6861:. Twenty-First Century Books. pp. 66–67. 2517:("ravine-guard") is Nicaragua's national bird. 1217:people who migrated from the Mexican state of 603:130,375 km (50,338 sq mi) ( 16491: 15509: 15397: 15097: 15000: 14851: 14814: 14297: 11644:. National Geographic Society. Archived from 11445:Dean, ANU College of Asia & the Pacific. 10712: 10710: 9749:"Why isn't Nicaragua in the Paris agreement?" 8050: 7283: 6794:Solórzano, Carla Torres (18 September 2010). 6489: 6016:(2). Oxford University Press (OUP): 701–723. 5937:. Central Intelligence Agency. 19 June 2023. 1860:Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare 1589: 1037: 153: 122: 70: 15523: 15373: 14865: 12245:"Genomic Components in America's demography" 12159: 11116:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 10184: 9692:"Nicaraguan protesters call on Ortega to go" 8738:The Undermining of the Sandinista Revolution 8487:. American Nicaraguan School. Archived from 8414: 8170:(in Spanish). 6 January 2005. Archived from 7440: 7194: 7057: 6832:(in Spanish). 10 August 2004. Archived from 6828:[The Nahuatl root of our language]. 6756: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6170: 5682:in both the women's and the men's sections. 2919:treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 2042:, a military contingent of mixed personnel. 1749:Celebrations of the 10th anniversary of the 1522:In August 1912, the President of Nicaragua, 12310:. February 2016. p. 52. Archived from 12021:"Activities in and around the Apoyo Lagoon" 10465:"10 reasons why you should visit Nicaragua" 8903:Miranda, Roger and Ratliff, William (1993) 8838: 7755:The key of the Pacific: the Nicaragua canal 7489: 7487: 7180:. University of Chicago Press. p. 92. 6294: 6292: 5667:for the first time when Nicaragua hosts in 5412:As in many other Latin American countries, 4708:(which has been guaranteed since 1939) and 2960: 15: 16775:States and territories established in 1821 16770:Spanish-speaking countries and territories 15516: 15502: 15404: 15390: 15104: 15090: 15007: 14993: 14858: 14844: 14304: 14290: 13340:"Nicaragua Pre-election Delegation Report" 13187: 13123: 12349:(in Spanish). October 2005. Archived from 12347:Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos 12340:"VIII Censo de Poblacion y IV de Vivienda" 11961:"Can Nicaragua deliver on huge potential?" 11952: 11422:. Multinational Monitor. September 1, 1997 11238:"General Information – Nicaragua: Economy" 11113:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 10707: 9960:"Paris Agreement – Status of Ratification" 9148:"Ortega's Comeback Schemes Roil Nicaragua" 9011:"1984: Sandinistas claim election victory" 8707:"Nicaragua: Growth of Opposition, 1981–83" 8509: 7614:(in Spanish). 9 March 2006. Archived from 7294:Archaeology of the Rivas Region, Nicaragua 7000: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6768:(in Spanish). 4 April 2009. Archived from 6732: 6730: 6328: 6326: 2776:reelected to a third term in November 2016 2319: 2276:near León. The lowland area runs from the 2072:has been disputed, but observation by the 1526:, requested the secretary of war, General 1224: 187: 16: 13961:"Salon de la Fama: Deportes en Nicaragua" 13685:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from 12790: 12736:"Evolution: Library: Birth of a Language" 12220: 11819:"Ortega banks on tourism to beat poverty" 10028: 10010: 9543:"Nicaragua's Ortega re-elected president" 9370:"Nicaraguan President Signs Abortion Ban" 8736:LaRamee, Pierre; Polakoff, Erica (1999). 8540: 8453:A Nation of Enemies: Chile Under Pinochet 7751: 7567: 7493: 7230:"Letter of Columbus on the Fourth Voyage" 6992: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6976: 6974: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6793: 6789: 6787: 6762:"Encuentro del cacique y el conquistador" 6745: 6636: 6634: 6167: 6021: 5972: 5050:, which aimed to promote women's rights. 4809:are constructed in homes and workplaces. 4379:fluently, with nearly all Ramas speaking 2891:, became integrated with what is now the 2762:makes up the third branch of government. 2754:is vested in both the government and the 2688:Learn how and when to remove this message 2047:the general elections on November 5, 2006 1869:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1684:, a 27-year-old Liberal Nicaraguan poet. 14166:) is being considered for deletion. See 14032:"Continental Cup Finals start in Africa" 13799: 13738: 13736: 13734: 13179:nternational Journal of Health Services, 12977: 12899: 12897: 11931: 11636:Howard, Brian Clark (22 February 2014). 10920:. Migrationinformation.org. April 2006. 10523:. The Nature Conservancy. Archived from 10134: 10132: 10130: 10128: 9403:"Nicaragua refuses to lift abortion ban" 9276: 9095: 7484: 7451: 7316: 7203: 7068: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6848: 6603: 6601: 6298: 6289: 6003: 5565: 5393: 5382: 5268: 5141: 5077: 4685: 4308: 4246: 4174: 4091: 3849: 3831: 3817: 3798: 3728: 3576: 3564: 2934: 2699: 2509: 2323: 2240: 2224: 2111: 2091: 1953: 1941: 1921: 1744: 1732: 1613: 1593: 1546: 1396: 1384: 1305:founded two of Nicaragua's main cities: 1249: 1238: 1099: 1095: 1075:, which meant "here are the Nahuas"; or 24:This is an accepted version of this page 14974:South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region 14969:North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region 14234:Key Development Forecasts for Nicaragua 13937:. The BASEBALL Page.com. Archived from 13768: 13396: 13394: 12983: 12543: 12485:"Crude death rate – the United Nations" 12133: 11991:"Volcanoes in Nicaragua: Apoyo Volcano" 11816: 11509: 11292: 10774:"Background and socio-economic context" 10126: 10124: 10122: 10120: 10118: 10116: 10114: 10112: 10110: 10108: 9743: 9741: 9400: 9367: 9145: 9039: 8760: 8254: 8088: 7782: 7673:. New York: S.H. Goetzel & Company. 7568:Cybriwsky, Roman Adrian (23 May 2013). 7561: 7535:The Hispanic American Historical Review 7298:. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 7146: 7028: 7026: 6736: 6727: 6671: 6640: 6323: 6208: 6044: 5969:PROLADES Religion in America by country 4876:having risen a mere 0.06% in 10 years. 4805:, during which elaborate altars to the 4313:A sign in Bluefields in English (top), 4275:. These groups include the present-day 3749:Nicaragua is currently a member of the 3534:South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region 3503:North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region 2821:Archipelago de San Andrés y Providencia 2455:North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region 1917: 1784:, the editor of the national newspaper 1381:Independent Nicaragua from 1821 to 1909 14: 16727: 15611:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 14311: 13967:from the original on 26 September 2007 13867: 13865: 13621: 13619: 13155: 13153: 13061:"The Nicaragua case_M Orozco2 REV.doc" 12558: 12334: 12332: 11958: 11751: 11749: 11635: 11081:"Index Of Economic Freedom: Nicaragua" 10631:"Freedom in the World 2024: Nicaragua" 10462: 10431: 10281:Álvarez Hidalgo, Wendy (7 July 2010). 9629: 9461: 9258:from the original on 18 September 2006 9232:from the original on 22 September 2008 9223: 8602: 8574:"In The Nation; The Sandinista Puzzle" 8571: 8456:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 7916:. The Advocacy Project. 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Its gross domestic product (GDP) in 2034:Nicaragua briefly participated in the 1420:in September 1821, and Nicaragua soon 1414:Act of Independence of Central America 944:fourth-largest city in Central America 15497: 15385: 15372: 15085: 14988: 14839: 14827: 14826: 14813: 14285: 14268:The State of the World's Midwifery – 14060: 13731: 13719:from the original on 21 February 2021 13663:from the original on 25 February 2016 13553:from the original on 21 November 2022 13495:"Nicaragua's rainbow revolutionaries" 13475:from the original on 29 November 2018 13445:from the original on 17 December 2019 13400: 13316:. Stanford University. 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Central American University – UCA. 8701: 8699: 8633:. Stanford University. Archived from 8479: 8477: 8393: 8148:Wars and Peace Treaties: 1816 to 1991 8131: 8089:Colburn, Forrest D. (26 March 2012). 8011:from the original on 14 November 2006 7943: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7935: 7863:from the original on 27 February 2008 7718: 7634: 7532: 7409:. Central American University – UCA. 7397: 7395: 7208:. New York: Oxford University Press. 7075:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 10–12. 7007:Indian survival in colonial Nicaragua 6875: 6826:"La raíz nahuatl de nuestro lenguaje" 6702: 6619:from the original on 25 February 2021 6598: 6427: 6405:. 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CIA World Factbook. 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Elsevier Science. pp. 68–69. 7472:from the original on 5 February 2024 7403:"Nicaragua Briefs: An Historic Find" 7023: 6855:Dall, Christopher (1 October 2005). 6854: 6257:United Nations Development Programme 6250:"Human Development Report 2023/2024" 6196:from the original on 31 October 2023 6045:Córdoba, José de (25 October 2022). 6004:Awadalla, Cristina (23 March 2023). 5657:Nicaragua's national basketball team 3928:attract many tourists to Nicaragua. 3769:, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 3751:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas 3633:United Nations Development Programme 2817:Nicaragua is in territorial disputes 2804: 2626:adding citations to reliable sources 2597: 2205:underlying Central America, and the 1880:Nicaraguan general elections of 1984 1767:Sandinista National Liberation Front 1505:United States occupation (1909–1933) 1231:Spanish colonization of the Americas 16760:Member states of the United Nations 15621:Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 15014: 13862: 13616: 13263:from the original on 2 January 2020 13250: 13244: 13219: 13162: 13150: 12916:from the original on 2 January 2020 12869: 12425:"Population growth (annual %)" 12329: 12081:"Nicaragua Travel Guide – Overview" 12031:from the original on 22 August 2007 11746: 11617:from the original on 5 January 2014 11516:. Country Studies. Washington, DC: 11435:. wakeupwalmart.com. April 15, 2005 11338: 11000:. Hdrstats.undp.org. Archived from 10862:"Social indicators: Per capita GDP" 10816:from the original on 3 October 2014 10669:from the original on 11 August 2023 10602: 9820:from the original on 2 October 2017 9724:, no. 110, 2020, pp. 79–99. JSTOR, 9345:. Associated Press. 29 April 2004. 9309:"Nicaragua 'creeping coup' warning" 9171:. Tulane University. Archived from 9040:Taubman, Philip (21 October 1984). 8371:. 11 September 1978. Archived from 8032:"Nicaragua: From Sandino to Chavez" 7893:from the original on 22 August 2007 7248: 7038:Library of Congress Country Studies 5732:Index of Nicaragua-related articles 5651:Nicaragua National Football Stadium 5517:Nicaraguans have been known to eat 4430:Anuario Estadístico 2015, pp. 50–53 2220: 2209:. Since Central America is a major 1430:United Provinces of Central America 1262:, one of the most visited sites in 1048:, which meant "Five Deaths" in the 554:Federal Republic of Central America 507:Federal Republic of Central America 48: 14103:Chief of State and Cabinet Members 14044:from the original on 7 August 2021 13905:"'El Presidente' happy in new job" 13769:Gleeson, Bridget (15 April 2016). 13657:"Nicaragua, Eternal Land of Poets" 13501:. 18 December 2018. 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Global Exchange. Archived from 12946:from the original on 28 June 2019 12746:from the original on 7 April 2023 12624:"Indigenous peoples in Nicaragua" 12589: 12465:from the original on 7 April 2022 12435:from the original on 19 June 2016 12386:from the original on 14 July 2007 12281:from the original on 2 March 2017 12251:from the original on 7 March 2021 12141:"World Population Prospects 2022" 12061:from the original on 16 July 2007 11734:from the original on 14 June 2010 11728:"Travel And Tourism in Nicaragua" 11409:. (PDF). Retrieved on 2012-05-02. 11381:from the original on 7 April 2022 11022: 10722:United States Department of State 10637:from the original on 19 June 2024 10576:Sesin, Carmen (8 November 2021). 10187:"An 'Eco-Canal' across Nicaragua" 9642:from the original on 14 June 2018 9488: 9462:Gibney, James (30 January 2014). 9382:from the original on 18 July 2021 9021:from the original on 29 June 2019 8885:The Secret War in Central America 8865:from the original on 21 June 2007 8402:from the original on 7 April 2023 8319:from the original on 8 March 2022 8038:from the original on 5 April 2007 7959:from the original on 19 June 2008 7413:from the original on 12 July 2017 7271:from the original on 10 June 2008 7072:The Pipil Language of El Salvador 7069:Campbell, Lyle (1 January 1985). 6703:Silva, Fernando (15 March 2003). 6672:Sánchez, Edwin (3 October 2016). 6586:from the original on 11 July 2022 6560:from the original on 26 June 2022 6530:from the original on 26 June 2022 6430:"Nicaragua: The next Costa Rica?" 6347:from the original on 18 June 2022 6311:from the original on 18 June 2022 6299:Brierley, Jan (15 October 2017). 4404: 3952:"the land of lakes and volcanoes" 3628:expected to fall to -6% in 2020. 2917:In 2017, Nicaragua signed the UN 2529:and in the autonomous regions of 2194:, Nicaragua is surrounded by the 2059:Nicaragua's 2011 general election 1890:, the candidate nominated by the 1559:From 1927 to 1933, rebel general 930:and shared maritime borders with 16663: 15953:Democratic Republic of the Congo 15482: 15469:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15227:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15070: 14878: 14197: 14071: This article incorporates 14066: 14024: 14005: 13979: 13953: 13927: 13896: 13850:from the original on 3 June 2010 13832: 13793: 13781:from the original on 29 May 2018 13762: 13701: 13675: 13649: 13586: 13517: 13487: 13457: 13425: 13358: 13332: 13306: 13213: 13171: 13117: 13085: 13053: 13023: 13004: 12958: 12928: 12863: 12833: 12807: 12758: 12728: 12698: 12672: 12642: 12616: 12583: 12552: 12537: 12515:"Nicaragua – People and Society" 12507: 12477: 12447: 12417: 12398: 12368: 12293: 12263: 12237: 12188: 12103: 12073: 12043: 12013: 11983: 11940:from the original on 11 May 2011 11925: 11899: 11873: 11841: 11817:Carroll, Rory (7 January 2007). 11780: 11720: 11690: 11660: 11629: 11599: 11573: 11444: 11438: 11425: 11412: 11393: 11363: 11332: 11313: 11301:from the original on 11 May 2011 11286: 11256: 11230: 11200: 11170: 11103: 11073: 11047: 11016: 10990: 10964: 10936: 10910: 10880: 10854: 10828: 10798: 10766: 10754:from the original on 22 May 2024 10681: 10649: 10623: 10611:from the original on 23 May 2022 10596: 10584:from the original on 12 May 2023 10569: 10539: 10513: 10487: 10463:Connor, Liz (17 November 2016). 10456: 10425: 10395: 10375:Alternative Histories of English 10366: 10354:from the original on 11 May 2011 10340: 10328:from the original on 16 May 2007 10309: 10274: 10239: 10209: 10178: 10152: 10075: 10045: 9952: 9919: 9888: 9858: 9832: 9801: 9771: 9714: 9702:from the original on 27 May 2018 9684: 9672:from the original on 28 May 2018 9654: 9623: 9611:from the original on 6 June 2018 9596: 9565: 9535: 9509: 9482: 9455: 9425: 9394: 9368:Frazier, JB (18 November 2006). 9361: 9301: 9270: 9244: 9226:"Social conditions of Nicaragua" 9217: 9187: 9161: 9139: 9127: 9064: 9052:from the original on 31 May 2023 9033: 9003: 8991:from the original on 1 July 2017 8987:. 16 November 1984. p. 30. 8973: 8947: 8917: 8897: 8877: 8847: 8829: 8806: 8510:Nordheimer, Jon (29 July 1987). 8283:"Headline: Nicaragua Earthquake" 7290:Healy, Paul; Pohl, Mary (1980). 6471:from the original on 4 July 2019 6440:from the original on 11 May 2011 6409:from the original on 10 May 2011 6378:from the original on 3 June 2021 6230:from the original on 22 May 2020 5769: 5706: 5692: 5647:Dennis Martínez National Stadium 5571:Dennis Martínez National Stadium 4498: 4488: 4461: 4191: 4170: 3523: 3492: 3461: 3430: 3399: 3368: 3337: 3303: 3269: 3238: 3207: 3176: 3145: 3114: 3083: 3052: 3021: 2750:is exercised by the government. 2602: 2188:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 1967:1990 Nicaraguan general election 1325:for having defied his superior, 902:, is the geographically largest 795: 794: 752: 751: 733: 732: 700: 699: 681: 680: 170: 102: 88: 14142:Business Anti-Corruption Portal 14096: 13284:"Nicaragua's Literacy Campaign" 12783:10.1016/j.cognition.2016.08.005 12521:. Central Intelligence Agency. 12271:"Urban population (% of total)" 12213:10.1590/s1415-47572014000200003 9926:Noack, Rick (24 October 2017). 9895:Stack, Liam (24 October 2017). 9201:(in Spanish). 8 November 2006. 8773: 8754: 8729: 8668: 8649: 8623: 8596: 8565: 8534: 8503: 8440: 8387: 8357: 8331: 8301: 8275: 8248: 8218: 8186: 8160: 8140: 8125: 8082: 8023: 7997: 7971: 7905: 7875: 7845: 7815: 7776: 7762: 7745: 7712: 7677: 7660: 7600: 7526: 7425: 7373: 7343: 7222: 7167: 7140: 7089: 7034:"Nicaragua: Precolonial Period" 6956: 6929: 6818: 6696: 6665: 6572: 6542: 6483: 6452: 6421: 6390: 6359: 6278: 6242: 6136: 5869: 5762: 5587:Nicaragua has had its share of 5365:. In 2005 it was recognized by 4036: 3823:2,100-year-old human footprints 2613:needs additional citations for 2330:Somoto Canyon National Monument 2305:, the prospect of a Nicaraguan 1946:Flooding in Lake Managua after 1782:Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal 1269:In 1502, on his fourth voyage, 1052:language, rather than Nicarao. 974:of the 1960s and 1970s and the 16328:St. Vincent and the Grenadines 14381:Post-Sandinista period (1990–) 13771:"How to eat like a Nicaraguan" 13683:"Native Theatre: El Gueguense" 12548:. New York: Algora Publishing. 12201:Genetics and Molecular Biology 11959:Parker, Nick (1 August 2012). 10946:. Nordea. 2020. Archived from 10348:"Bosawas Bioreserve Nicaragua" 10162:. american.edu. Archived from 10144:. Grolier Online. (200-11-20) 9603:Kahn, Carrie (23 April 2018). 9572:Cerda, Arlen (22 April 2018). 9252:"Nicaragua: Political profile" 8824:International Court of Justice 8769:. Boston, MA: South End Press. 8665:, New York Times, 2 April 1981 8313:National Baseball Hall of Fame 6951:Inter Press Service (IPS) News 6399:"The Rediscovery of Nicaragua" 6336:"Traveller's Guide: Nicaragua" 5953: 5923: 5905: 5749: 5361:theatrical/dance works of the 4864: 4352:, and Spanish are spoken. The 4102:Genetics and Molecular Biology 2985:subdivided into 153 municipios 2811:Foreign relations of Nicaragua 1907:International Court of Justice 1855:International Court of Justice 1418:Captaincy General of Guatemala 1371:Battle of San Fernando de Omoa 1303:Francisco Hernández de Córdoba 954:speak their own languages and 648:51/km (132.1/sq mi) ( 417:Pinolero/Pinolera (colloquial) 13: 1: 14376:Sandinista period (1979–1990) 14155: 13800:Gritzner, Charles F. (2010). 13124:Lazo, Flor (28 August 2011). 13101:. 18 May 2011. Archived from 11730:. Euromonitor International. 11613:. bbc.co.uk. 4 January 2014. 10974:. Pnud.org.ni. Archived from 10944:"Nicaragua: Economic Outline" 8450:; Valenzuela, Arturo (1991). 8365:"A Battle Ends, a War Begins" 7436:. New York: Crown Publishers. 6580:"CELAC | CELAC INTERNATIONAL" 6397:Dicum, G (17 December 2006). 5898: 5591:players, including shortstop 5258: 5146:Nicaraguan women wearing the 5062:Gender Inequality Index (GII) 4948: 4348:coast, indigenous languages, 4123:, 5% Native American, and 9% 2587: 2557:that shelter a wide range of 2539:Indio Maíz Biological Reserve 2309:remains a topic of interest. 2215:Central American Volcanic Arc 1621:(center) with U.S. president 1235:Spanish conquest of Nicaragua 16745:Countries in Central America 15352:United States Virgin Islands 14203:Wikimedia Atlas of Nicaragua 14138:Nicaragua Corruption Profile 13880:(in Spanish). Archived from 13840:"Country profile: Nicaragua" 13709:"El Güegüense o Macho Ratón" 13465:"Americas and the Caribbean" 11764:(in Spanish). Archived from 11704:. 8 May 2017. Archived from 11293:Sánchez, E (29 March 2010). 11057:. World Bank. Archived from 10316:White, RL (24 August 2004). 9630:Garvin, Glenn (2 May 2018). 9277:Thompson, G (5 April 2005). 8572:Wicker, Tom (29 July 1983). 7432:Duncan, David Ewing (1995). 7104:(1). Columbus, Ohio: 37–62. 6802:(in Spanish). Archived from 6711:(in Spanish). Archived from 6649:(in Spanish). Archived from 6615:(in Spanish). 29 July 2015. 5058:The Human Development Report 5035:Gender equality in Nicaragua 4978: 4298: 3976:Apoyo Lagoon Natural Reserve 3950:Nicaragua is referred to as 3837:Apoyo Lagoon Natural Reserve 2947:National Police of Nicaragua 2940:National Police of Nicaragua 2931:Law enforcement in Nicaragua 2893:National Police of Nicaragua 2295:Most of the Pacific zone is 1994:Constitutional Liberal Party 1649:, Nicaragua declared war on 1189:sometime around 800 CE. The 1012: 997:and is also a member of the 7: 15626:Technical Barriers to Trade 14695:Water supply and sanitation 14132:Central Intelligence Agency 13401:Piper, Alan T. (May 2018). 11341:"The Nicaraguan Resistance" 11321:"Mining In Central America" 10806:"Nicaragua - Country Brief" 10779:. p. 9. Archived from 10432:Rogers, Tim (15 May 2013). 10283:"Harán puerto Monkey Point" 9401:Boseley, S (11 June 2010). 9228:. The Library of Congress. 9224:Dennis, G (December 1993). 8787:. p. 4. Archived from 8398:. The Library of Congress. 8230:New York Times TimesMachine 7783:Langley, Lester D. (2002). 6428:Davis, LS (22 April 2009). 6190:International Monetary Fund 6154:Central Intelligence Agency 5685: 5661:2017 Central American Games 5645:has gained popularity. The 5623:at Dodger Stadium in 1991. 5025:for the literacy campaign. 4910: 4675: 2856: 2245:Peñas Blancas, part of the 1909:, in regard to the case of 1065:reached this far", or "the 1025:, who was the chieftain or 993:. Nicaragua co-founded the 10: 16791: 16750:Countries in North America 15554:International Trade Centre 13433:"Global Gender Gap Report" 13220:Liu, D (6 December 2006). 13031:"Nicaragua: People groups" 12376:"Expatriates of Nicaragua" 11932:Acan-Efe (27 March 2009). 11268:www.centralamericadata.com 10053:"Large Lakes of the World" 10012:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 8905:The Civil War in Nicaragua 8883:Moore, John Norton (1987) 8030:Solo, T (7 October 2005). 7725:Moon Handbooks: Costa Rica 7642:"Gobernantes de Nicaragua" 7329:. Routledge. p. 107. 6366:Peter (16 February 2019). 5912:Banco Central de Nicaragua 5722:Nicaraguan nationality law 5603:, but the most notable is 5532: 5376: 5372: 5292:can arguably be traced to 5262: 5235: 5135: 5071: 5067: 5032: 5001:, health care, education, 4982: 4970:guarantees universal free 4952: 4914: 4868: 4731:Nicaragua has no official 4679: 4487: 4460: 4412: 4302: 4040: 3792: 3788: 3558: 3554: 2991: 2964: 2928: 2860: 2808: 2591: 2503: 2272:just outside Granada, and 2268:mountain range, including 2105: 2095: 1911:Nicaragua v. United States 1830:ultimately authorized the 1815: 1811: 1726: 1590:Somoza dynasty (1927–1979) 1508: 1363:American Revolutionary War 1228: 1179:Mesoamerican language area 1146:ethnic groups such as the 1088: 1084: 56:Nicaragua (disambiguation) 53: 51:Country in Central America 16643: 15800: 15754: 15674: 15603: 15567: 15531: 15480: 15419: 15379: 15327:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 15245: 15119: 15068: 15022: 14873: 14833: 14820: 14815:Links to related articles 14764: 14703: 14655: 14651: 14642: 14572: 14563: 14479: 14470: 14398: 14389: 14363:Somoza Family (1936–1979) 14323: 14270:Nicaragua Country Profile 14262:28 September 2007 at the 11883:. U.S. State Department. 11518:Federal Research Division 11326:January 16, 2013, at the 11110:WIPO (12 December 2023). 10403:"Nicaraguan Animal Guide" 10377:. Routledge. p. 35. 9071:Baker, D (5 March 2007). 8955:"Annual Report 1992–1993" 7721:"The William Walker Saga" 7574:. ABC-CLIO. p. 177. 7005:Newson, Linda A. (1987). 6963:"Nicaragua: VI History". 5980:"CENSO DE POBLACIÓN 2005" 5917:24 September 2010 at the 5727:Bibliography of Nicaragua 5653:, was completed in 2011. 5561: 5464:, a salad, fried cheese, 4993:rate in Central America. 4941:, a country that has the 4053: 4047:Demographics of Nicaragua 3945:foreign direct investment 3810:docked near the beach at 2847:human rights in Nicaragua 2770:(prime minister) and the 2728:representative democratic 2543:Bosawás Biosphere Reserve 2424:Bosawás Biosphere Reserve 2249:and located northeast of 2247:Bosawás Biosphere Reserve 2078:Broad Front for Democracy 2031:also opposed the action. 1177:, and by language to the 987:Bosawás Biosphere Reserve 881: 869: 857: 847: 829: 814: 784: 764: 745: 726: 712: 693: 674: 656: 642: 628: 621: 611: 597: 590: 586: 573: 563: 550: 537: 527: 517: 513: 492: 482: 478: 463: 446: 442: 424: 403: 348: 299: 249: 239: 195: 186: 166:"Hail to Thee, Nicaragua" 148: 118: 84: 65: 15928:Central African Republic 15559:Chronology of key events 15539:Accession and membership 15525:World Trade Organization 15374:International membership 15347:Turks and Caicos Islands 14867:Departments of Nicaragua 14484:Administrative divisions 14343:Mexican rule (1822–1823) 14250: 14239:16 December 2012 at the 14168:templates for discussion 12841:"Languages of Nicaragua" 12410:15 February 2014 at the 12301:Anuario Estadístico 2015 11825:. London. Archived from 9735:. Accessed 25 Nov. 2023. 9731:25 November 2023 at the 8339:"Roberto Clemente – Bio" 8107:10.1177/0740277512443806 7385:17 November 2021 at the 5742: 5528: 5231: 5131: 5023:Nadezhda Krupskaya award 4871:Immigration to Nicaragua 4338:Nicaraguan Sign Language 2967:Departments of Nicaragua 2961:Administrative divisions 1694:Anastasio Somoza Debayle 1619:Anastasio Somoza Debayle 1277:. Columbus explored the 31:latest accepted revision 16755:Former Spanish colonies 15549:Dispute Settlement Body 14226:7 November 2014 at the 14213:28 October 2008 at the 13806:. Infobase Publishing. 13367:"Literacy in Nicaragua" 13259:. Library of Congress. 12912:. Library of Congress. 12051:"Nicaraguan Ecotourism" 11909:. INTUR. Archived from 11347:. Library of Congress. 10289:(in Spanish). Managua: 10254:(in Spanish). Managua: 10148:(subscription required) 8907:. Transaction. p. 193. 8689:5 February 2024 at the 8674:Mary C. Waters, et al. 8661:24 October 2023 at the 8603:Pastor, Robert (2001). 8146:Goldstein, Erik (2005) 8136:. Common Courage Press. 8101:(Spring 2012): 91–100. 7953:Encyclopædia Britannica 7857:Encyclopædia Britannica 7853:"Bryan–Chamorro Treaty" 7265:Encyclopædia Britannica 7204:Campbell, Lyle (1997). 5965:12 January 2018 at the 5759:(bank notes and coins). 5265:Literature of Nicaragua 4961:healthcare in Nicaragua 4955:Healthcare in Nicaragua 4788:Christian denominations 4265:Macro-Chibchan language 4154:Nicaraguans live abroad 3785:has yet to be started. 3655:Global Innovation Index 3622:purchasing power parity 3573:per capita in Nicaragua 2869:Nicaraguan Armed Forces 2863:Nicaraguan Armed Forces 2840:its invasion of Ukraine 2819:with Colombia over the 2527:Río San Juan Department 2320:North central highlands 2266:Cordillera Los Maribios 2038:in 2004 as part of the 1600:Anastasio Somoza García 1583:Anastasio Somoza García 1369:led expeditions in the 1225:Spanish era (1523–1821) 1144:Macro-Chibchan language 1077: 1071: 1057: 1044: 240:Official languages 15651:Information Technology 15646:Government Procurement 15580:Doha Development Round 15277:British Virgin Islands 14073:public domain material 13989:. FIFA. Archived from 13574:Cite journal requires 13253:"Nicaragua: Education" 12207:(1 (suppl)): 151–170. 11936:. CentralAmericaData. 11486:. Menlo Park, CA, US: 11400:PBS Now Politics CAFTA 11297:. CentralAmericaData. 10142:Encyclopedia Americana 8761:Chomsky, Noam (1985). 7752:Colquhoun, AR (1895). 7351:"The Spanish Conquest" 6120:. CIA World Factbook. 5885:República de Nicaragua 5879: 5574: 5556:The Nicaragua Dispatch 5402: 5391: 5321:Sergio Ramirez Mercado 5285: 5151: 5094: 5017:awarded Nicaragua the 4985:Education in Nicaragua 4752:evangelical Protestant 4722:Bishop Rolando Alvarez 4716:and the regime led by 4697: 4322: 4305:Languages of Nicaragua 4184: 4097: 3863: 3858:, tropical islands in 3847: 3829: 3815: 3738: 3681:, melons, and onions. 3613: 3612:buy Nicaraguan coffee. 3574: 2942: 2732:President of Nicaragua 2730:republic, whereby the 2720: 2518: 2441:The municipalities of 2341: 2261: 2238: 2117: 2108:Volcanoes of Nicaragua 2098:Geography of Nicaragua 1962: 1951: 1939: 1836:help the Contra rebels 1758: 1742: 1626: 1611: 1556: 1499:canal across Nicaragua 1468:President of Nicaragua 1439:elite of León and the 1409: 1394: 1375:San Juan River in 1780 1266: 1247: 1181:. The Chorotegas were 1112: 1038: 926:to the south, and the 737:$ 17.353 billion ( 685:$ 51.022 billion ( 154: 123: 72:República de Nicaragua 71: 15958:Republic of the Congo 15782:Supachai Panitchpakdi 15459:Saint Kitts and Nevis 15217:Saint Kitts and Nevis 14245:International Futures 14151:UCB Libraries GovPubs 14120:20 March 2021 at the 14017:21 March 2022 at the 13909:Major League Baseball 13530:. 19 September 2018. 12906:"Nicaragua: Religion" 12176:, Population Division 12147:, Population Division 12115:ometepeislandinfo.com 11510:Merrill, Tim (1994). 11480:"Nicaragua – SOCIETY" 11212:U.S. State Department 11182:People's Daily Online 10185:Muñoz, Néfer (2001). 9991:Nature Communications 9315:. 30 September 2005. 8631:"Timeline: Nicaragua" 8232:. 30 September 1956. 8150:. Routledge. p. 218. 8132:Model, David (2005). 7914:"A Disaster Foretold" 7772:. 1912. p. 1032. 6858:Nicaragua in Pictures 6436:. MNN Holdings, LLC. 6434:Mother Nature Network 5678:that competed at the 5609:Major League Baseball 5569: 5397: 5386: 5313:Carlos Martinez Rivas 5296:times. The myths and 5290:Nicaraguan literature 5272: 5236:Further information: 5145: 5081: 4968:Nicaraguan government 4803:Immaculate Conception 4741:Roman Catholic Church 4693:, one of Nicaragua's 4689: 4682:Religion in Nicaragua 4350:English-based creoles 4312: 4247:Indigenous population 4178: 4095: 3853: 3835: 3821: 3814:in southern Nicaragua 3802: 3732: 3580: 3568: 2938: 2885:Nicaraguan Revolution 2704:Nicaraguan president 2703: 2594:Politics of Nicaragua 2541:in the south and the 2513: 2340:in northern Nicaragua 2327: 2244: 2228: 2115: 2092:Geography and climate 2055:abortion in Nicaragua 1986:1996 general election 1957: 1945: 1925: 1828:Reagan administration 1803:Carter administration 1780:On January 10, 1978, 1751:Nicaraguan Revolution 1748: 1736: 1729:Nicaraguan Revolution 1690:René Schick Gutiérrez 1682:Rigoberto López Pérez 1617: 1597: 1561:Augusto César Sandino 1555:(center) in June 1929 1553:Augusto César Sandino 1550: 1538:Bryan–Chamorro Treaty 1403:Battle of San Jacinto 1400: 1388: 1254:The colonial city of 1253: 1243:The Colonial city of 1242: 1229:Further information: 1140:Isthmo-Colombian Area 1103: 1096:Pre-Columbian history 972:Nicaraguan Revolution 900:Republic of Nicaragua 613:• Water (%) 432:presidential republic 156:Salve a ti, Nicaragua 67:Republic of Nicaragua 16443:United Arab Emirates 14551:Territorial disputes 13846:. 2 September 2009. 13536:10.18356/9a42b856-en 13346:on 30 September 2006 13016:24 July 2008 at the 11798:on 27 September 2007 11405:8 March 2013 at the 11035:on 11 September 2008 10252:elnuevodiario.com.ni 9698:. BBC. 27 May 2018. 9115:on 24 September 2015 8813:Summary of the Order 8375:on 30 September 2007 8255:Leonard, TM (2003). 8095:World Policy Journal 8091:"Nicaragua, Forlorn" 8058:"The Somoza Dynasty" 8007:. 16 December 2001. 7979:"Biographical Notes" 7833:on 27 September 2007 7670:The War in Nicaragua 7261:"Nicaragua: History" 6647:El Pueblo Presidente 6582:. 16 February 2018. 5856:[nikaˈɾaɣwa] 5737:Outline of Nicaragua 5714:Latin America portal 5495:, and herbs such as 5342:The satirical drama 5337:José Coronel Urtecho 5317:Pablo Antonio Cuadra 5118:indigenous languages 5074:Culture of Nicaragua 4847:naturalized citizens 4726:Diocese of Matagalpa 4695:World Heritage Sites 4366:Miskito Coast Creole 4362:Misumalpan languages 4225:, a people of mixed 3795:Tourism in Nicaragua 3561:Economy of Nicaragua 2622:improve this article 2383:resplendent quetzals 2374:are abundant in the 2169:biodiversity hotspot 2167:'s designation as a 2123:Amerrisque Mountains 2102:Climate of Nicaragua 1918:Post-war (1990–2018) 1645:In 1941, during the 1578:Juan Bautista Sacasa 1449:California Gold Rush 1426:First Mexican Empire 1271:Christopher Columbus 1091:History of Nicaragua 999:Non-Aligned Movement 630:• 2023 estimate 577:Current constitution 541:First Mexican Empire 280:Miskito Coast Creole 54:For other uses, see 16707: / 16418:Trinidad and Tobago 16318:St. Kitts and Nevis 15828:Antigua and Barbuda 15762:Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala 15656:Marrakesh Agreement 15429:Antigua and Barbuda 15232:Trinidad and Tobago 15127:Antigua and Barbuda 14275:12 May 2013 at the 14217:from WorldAtlas.com 14187:3 June 2010 at the 14109:General information 13941:on 13 November 2006 13637:on 16 December 2007 13232:on 28 December 2006 12988:. Times of Israel. 12870:ACN (24 May 2022). 12317:on 15 December 2017 11674:. 13 January 2014. 11642:National Geographic 11522:Library of Congress 11208:"Nicaragua:Economy" 11122:10.34667/tind.46596 11061:on 10 December 2020 11004:on 21 February 2009 10898:on 11 November 2020 10665:. 13 October 2022. 10551:UnderwaterTimes.com 10003:2020NatCo..11.5978G 9933:The Washington Post 9872:. 23 October 2017. 9785:. 25 October 2013. 9549:. 7 November 2016. 9375:The Washington Post 9175:on 1 September 2006 9017:. 5 November 1984. 8929:The Washington Post 8070:on 10 November 2006 8034:. Dissident Voice. 7985:on 31 December 2006 7618:on 11 November 2013 7355:Library of Congress 6192:. 10 October 2023. 4924:Nicaraguan Diaspora 4917:Nicaraguan diaspora 4774:was brought to the 4737:Liberation Theology 4710:religious tolerance 4106:indigenous ancestry 3856:Solentiname Islands 3775:Antigua and Barbuda 3647:Heritage Foundation 1959:Nicaraguan protests 1926:In 1990, after the 1737:The U.S.–supported 1686:Luis Somoza Debayle 1373:in 1779 and on the 1359:ruins of León Viejo 1348:infectious diseases 1331:ruins of León Viejo 1284:Gil González Dávila 1122:times, Nicaragua's 1034:Gil González Dávila 991:tourist destination 220: / 21:Page version status 15988:Dominican Republic 15167:Dominican Republic 14620:Telecommunications 14127:The World Factbook 14061:Additional sources 13915:on 12 October 2007 13689:on 6 December 2007 13201:on 29 October 2013 12970:2011-05-13 at the 12686:on 28 October 2021 12519:The World Factbook 12459:www.indexmundi.com 12085:World Travel Guide 11861:on 17 October 2018 11823:Guardian Unlimited 11587:on 16 January 2010 11418:Raphaelidis, Leia 11091:on 26 October 2007 10864:. United Nations. 10786:on 15 October 2006 10603:Blinken, Anthony. 10166:on 11 January 2012 9962:. United Nations. 9901:The New York Times 9283:The New York Times 9046:The New York Times 8985:The New York Times 8818:2007-11-07 at the 8609:. Westview Press. 8578:The New York Times 8516:The New York Times 8428:on 6 February 2007 8309:"Roberto Clemente" 8174:on 12 October 2007 7949:"The Somoza years" 7719:Baker, CP (2001). 7696:(4): 3–6, 15, 19. 7667:Walker, W (1860). 6941:2012-02-20 at the 6554:Americas Quarterly 6220:data.worldbank.org 6149:The World Factbook 6023:10.1093/sp/jxad006 5935:The World Factbook 5575: 5535:Media of Nicaragua 5487:, pipian, banana, 5406:Nicaraguan cuisine 5403: 5392: 5379:Nicaraguan cuisine 5363:Western Hemisphere 5286: 5245:Dominican Republic 5238:Dance in Nicaragua 5152: 5138:Music of Nicaragua 5098:Nicaraguan culture 5095: 4905:Chinese Nicaraguan 4893:Jewish Nicaraguans 4698: 4432:(2016 projections) 4326:Nicaraguan Spanish 4323: 4315:Nicaraguan Spanish 4185: 4165:Western Hemisphere 4112:CIA World Factbook 4098: 3864: 3848: 3830: 3816: 3739: 3614: 3575: 2943: 2768:head of government 2744:multi-party system 2740:head of government 2721: 2519: 2506:Fauna of Nicaragua 2405:Caribbean lowlands 2342: 2262: 2255:Western Hemisphere 2239: 2231:Concepción volcano 2127:Caribbean lowlands 2118: 2064:In November 2016, 2040:Plus Ultra Brigade 2001:the 2001 elections 1963: 1952: 1940: 1903:Iran–Contra affair 1759: 1743: 1719:1.5 billion. 1705:Pittsburgh Pirates 1701:earthquake in 1972 1669:(19 December) and 1627: 1612: 1557: 1488:José Santos Zelaya 1466:set himself up as 1410: 1401:A portrait of the 1395: 1327:Pedro Arias Dávila 1267: 1248: 1113: 722:2023 estimate 670:2023 estimate 565:• Revolution 529:• Recognized 301:Ethnic groups 27: 16711:13.133°N 85.117°W 16690: 16689: 16684: 16683: 16678: 16677: 16639: 16638: 15636:Trade in Services 15590:Quota Elimination 15491: 15490: 15366: 15365: 15360: 15359: 15249:other territories 15079: 15078: 14982: 14981: 14828:Geographic locale 14807: 14806: 14760: 14759: 14756: 14755: 14638: 14637: 14559: 14558: 14536:Political parties 14531:National Assembly 14499:Foreign relations 14466: 14465: 14182:Nicaragua profile 13746:. Nicaragua.com. 13659:. Elcomercio.pe. 13131:La Prensa Gráfica 12876:ACN International 12590:Urban, Matthias. 12356:on 24 August 2007 11708:on 23 August 2017 11531:978-0-8444-0831-6 11508:Original source: 11244:on 28 August 2011 11184:. 21 March 2007. 10810:web.worldbank.org 10633:. Freedom House. 10297:on 13 August 2011 9136:by Bethany Lacina 9088:978-0-521-86017-8 8616:978-0-8133-3811-8 8547:Los Angeles Times 8467:978-0-393-30985-0 8448:Constable, Pamela 8394:Annis, B (1993). 7796:978-0-8420-5047-0 7738:978-1-56691-608-0 7648:on 9 October 2012 7581:978-1-61069-248-9 7507:978-0-12-803185-8 7465:978-0-8078-6626-9 7336:978-1-317-32278-8 7309:978-0-88920-094-4 7187:978-0-226-86509-6 7082:978-3-11-088199-8 6868:978-0-8225-2671-1 6836:on 12 August 2017 6705:"Macuilmiquiztli" 6550:"A Guide to ALBA" 6372:Atlas & Boots 6259:. 13 March 2024. 6152:(2024 ed.). 5601:Jonathan Loáisiga 5284:literary movement 4945:as its currency. 4830:Jewish ancestry. 4824:Jewish population 4745:established faith 4706:Religious freedom 4672: 4671: 4239:Zelaya Department 4203:Scottish settlers 4090: 4089: 3971:in crater lakes. 3931:According to the 3912:volcano, and the 3892:and the likes of 3733:The capital city 3637:indigenous people 3631:According to the 3552: 3551: 3548: 3547: 2805:Foreign relations 2756:national assembly 2752:Legislative power 2710:Russian President 2698: 2697: 2690: 2672: 2338:Madriz Department 2051:National Assembly 1675:German Nicaraguan 1492:Zelaya Department 1275:Isthmus of Panama 1193:were a branch of 1128:Intermediate Area 1126:were part of the 1124:indigenous people 898:, officially the 893: 892: 747:• Per capita 695:• Per capita 523:15 September 1821 487:National Assembly 224:12.100°N 86.233°W 179: 124:En Dios confiamos 39:19 September 2024 18: 16782: 16722: 16721: 16719: 16718: 16717: 16712: 16708: 16705: 16704: 16703: 16700: 16670:World portal 16668: 16667: 16489: 16488: 16283:Papua New Guinea 15766:Director-General 15661:Doha Declaration 15585:Singapore issues 15518: 15511: 15504: 15495: 15494: 15486: 15406: 15399: 15392: 15383: 15382: 15370: 15369: 15317:Saint Barthélemy 15247:Dependencies and 15120:Sovereign states 15106: 15099: 15092: 15083: 15082: 15074: 15024:Sovereign states 15016:Central America 15009: 15002: 14995: 14986: 14985: 14888: 14886:Nicaragua portal 14883: 14882: 14881: 14860: 14853: 14846: 14837: 14836: 14824: 14823: 14811: 14810: 14787: 14780: 14773: 14743:National symbols 14653: 14652: 14649: 14648: 14600:Economic history 14595: 14570: 14569: 14477: 14476: 14396: 14395: 14338:Spanish conquest 14306: 14299: 14292: 14283: 14282: 14201: 14200: 14087: 14070: 14069: 14054: 14053: 14051: 14049: 14040:. 22 June 2021. 14028: 14022: 14009: 14003: 14002: 14000: 13998: 13983: 13977: 13976: 13974: 13972: 13957: 13951: 13950: 13948: 13946: 13931: 13925: 13924: 13922: 13920: 13911:. Archived from 13900: 13894: 13893: 13891: 13889: 13869: 13860: 13859: 13857: 13855: 13836: 13830: 13829: 13827: 13825: 13797: 13791: 13790: 13788: 13786: 13766: 13760: 13759: 13757: 13755: 13740: 13729: 13728: 13726: 13724: 13705: 13699: 13698: 13696: 13694: 13679: 13673: 13672: 13670: 13668: 13653: 13647: 13646: 13644: 13642: 13633:. Archived from 13631:Encyclopedia.com 13623: 13614: 13613: 13611: 13609: 13590: 13584: 13583: 13577: 13572: 13570: 13562: 13560: 13558: 13552: 13529: 13521: 13515: 13514: 13512: 13510: 13491: 13485: 13484: 13482: 13480: 13461: 13455: 13454: 13452: 13450: 13444: 13437: 13429: 13423: 13422: 13420: 13418: 13398: 13389: 13388: 13386: 13384: 13378: 13371: 13362: 13356: 13355: 13353: 13351: 13336: 13330: 13329: 13327: 13325: 13320:on 22 April 2017 13310: 13304: 13303: 13301: 13299: 13290:. Archived from 13279: 13273: 13272: 13270: 13268: 13248: 13242: 13241: 13239: 13237: 13228:. Archived from 13217: 13211: 13210: 13208: 13206: 13191: 13185: 13175: 13169: 13166: 13160: 13157: 13148: 13147: 13145: 13143: 13138:on 27 April 2014 13134:. Archived from 13121: 13115: 13114: 13112: 13110: 13089: 13083: 13082: 13080: 13078: 13072: 13066:. Archived from 13065: 13057: 13051: 13050: 13048: 13046: 13027: 13021: 13008: 13002: 13001: 12999: 12997: 12981: 12975: 12962: 12956: 12955: 12953: 12951: 12932: 12926: 12925: 12923: 12921: 12901: 12892: 12891: 12889: 12887: 12867: 12861: 12860: 12858: 12856: 12837: 12831: 12830: 12828: 12826: 12811: 12805: 12804: 12794: 12762: 12756: 12755: 12753: 12751: 12732: 12726: 12725: 12723: 12721: 12710:www.columbia.edu 12706:"LADR About NSL" 12702: 12696: 12695: 12693: 12691: 12676: 12670: 12669: 12667: 12665: 12646: 12640: 12639: 12637: 12635: 12620: 12614: 12613: 12611: 12609: 12603: 12596: 12587: 12581: 12580: 12578: 12576: 12556: 12550: 12549: 12541: 12535: 12534: 12532: 12530: 12511: 12505: 12504: 12502: 12500: 12491:. Archived from 12481: 12475: 12474: 12472: 12470: 12451: 12445: 12444: 12442: 12440: 12421: 12415: 12402: 12396: 12395: 12393: 12391: 12372: 12366: 12365: 12363: 12361: 12355: 12344: 12336: 12327: 12326: 12324: 12322: 12316: 12305: 12297: 12291: 12290: 12288: 12286: 12267: 12261: 12260: 12258: 12256: 12241: 12235: 12234: 12224: 12192: 12186: 12185: 12183: 12181: 12171: 12163: 12157: 12156: 12154: 12152: 12137: 12131: 12130: 12128: 12126: 12117:. Archived from 12107: 12101: 12100: 12098: 12096: 12091:on 7 August 2007 12087:. Archived from 12077: 12071: 12070: 12068: 12066: 12047: 12041: 12040: 12038: 12036: 12017: 12011: 12010: 12008: 12006: 11987: 11981: 11980: 11978: 11976: 11956: 11950: 11949: 11947: 11945: 11929: 11923: 11922: 11920: 11918: 11903: 11897: 11896: 11894: 11892: 11877: 11871: 11870: 11868: 11866: 11857:. Archived from 11845: 11839: 11838: 11836: 11834: 11814: 11808: 11807: 11805: 11803: 11794:. Archived from 11784: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11773: 11753: 11744: 11743: 11741: 11739: 11724: 11718: 11717: 11715: 11713: 11694: 11688: 11687: 11685: 11683: 11664: 11658: 11657: 11655: 11653: 11633: 11627: 11626: 11624: 11622: 11603: 11597: 11596: 11594: 11592: 11577: 11571: 11570: 11564: 11560: 11558: 11550: 11548: 11546: 11506: 11501: 11499: 11476: 11470: 11469: 11467: 11465: 11456:. Archived from 11451: 11442: 11436: 11429: 11423: 11416: 11410: 11397: 11391: 11390: 11388: 11386: 11367: 11361: 11360: 11358: 11356: 11336: 11330: 11317: 11311: 11310: 11308: 11306: 11290: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11279: 11260: 11254: 11253: 11251: 11249: 11240:. Archived from 11234: 11228: 11227: 11225: 11223: 11204: 11198: 11197: 11195: 11193: 11174: 11168: 11167: 11161: 11157: 11155: 11147: 11145: 11143: 11107: 11101: 11100: 11098: 11096: 11087:. Archived from 11077: 11071: 11070: 11068: 11066: 11051: 11045: 11044: 11042: 11040: 11031:. Archived from 11020: 11014: 11013: 11011: 11009: 10994: 10988: 10987: 10985: 10983: 10968: 10962: 10961: 10959: 10957: 10951: 10940: 10934: 10933: 10931: 10929: 10914: 10908: 10907: 10905: 10903: 10894:. Archived from 10884: 10878: 10877: 10875: 10873: 10858: 10852: 10851: 10849: 10847: 10842:on 24 April 2013 10832: 10826: 10825: 10823: 10821: 10802: 10796: 10795: 10793: 10791: 10785: 10778: 10770: 10764: 10763: 10761: 10759: 10744: 10738: 10737: 10735: 10733: 10714: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10700: 10685: 10679: 10678: 10676: 10674: 10653: 10647: 10646: 10644: 10642: 10627: 10621: 10620: 10618: 10616: 10600: 10594: 10593: 10591: 10589: 10573: 10567: 10566: 10564: 10562: 10543: 10537: 10536: 10534: 10532: 10517: 10511: 10510: 10508: 10506: 10501:on 2 August 2017 10497:. Archived from 10491: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10480: 10469:Evening Standard 10460: 10454: 10453: 10451: 10449: 10429: 10423: 10422: 10420: 10418: 10399: 10393: 10392: 10370: 10364: 10363: 10361: 10359: 10344: 10338: 10337: 10335: 10333: 10313: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10302: 10293:. Archived from 10278: 10272: 10271: 10269: 10267: 10258:. Archived from 10243: 10237: 10236: 10234: 10232: 10213: 10207: 10206: 10204: 10202: 10182: 10176: 10175: 10173: 10171: 10156: 10150: 10149: 10136: 10103: 10102: 10100: 10098: 10089:. Archived from 10079: 10073: 10072: 10070: 10068: 10049: 10043: 10042: 10032: 10014: 9982: 9976: 9975: 9973: 9971: 9956: 9950: 9949: 9947: 9945: 9923: 9917: 9916: 9914: 9912: 9892: 9886: 9885: 9883: 9881: 9862: 9856: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9836: 9830: 9829: 9827: 9825: 9805: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9794: 9775: 9769: 9768: 9766: 9764: 9745: 9736: 9718: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9707: 9688: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9677: 9658: 9652: 9651: 9649: 9647: 9627: 9621: 9620: 9618: 9616: 9600: 9594: 9593: 9591: 9589: 9569: 9563: 9562: 9560: 9558: 9539: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9513: 9507: 9506: 9504: 9502: 9486: 9480: 9479: 9477: 9475: 9459: 9453: 9452: 9450: 9448: 9429: 9423: 9422: 9420: 9418: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9365: 9359: 9358: 9356: 9354: 9335: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9324: 9305: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9294: 9274: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9248: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9221: 9215: 9214: 9212: 9210: 9191: 9185: 9184: 9182: 9180: 9165: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9154: 9143: 9137: 9131: 9125: 9124: 9122: 9120: 9114: 9108:. Archived from 9107: 9099: 9093: 9092: 9068: 9062: 9061: 9059: 9057: 9037: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9007: 9001: 9000: 8998: 8996: 8977: 8971: 8970: 8968: 8966: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8940: 8921: 8915: 8901: 8895: 8881: 8875: 8874: 8872: 8870: 8851: 8845: 8842: 8836: 8833: 8827: 8810: 8804: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8794:on 28 April 2008 8793: 8786: 8777: 8771: 8770: 8768: 8765:Turning the Tide 8758: 8752: 8751: 8733: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8722: 8703: 8694: 8672: 8666: 8653: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8642: 8637:on 26 April 2006 8627: 8621: 8620: 8600: 8594: 8593: 8591: 8589: 8569: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8558: 8538: 8532: 8531: 8529: 8527: 8507: 8501: 8500: 8498: 8496: 8481: 8472: 8471: 8444: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8433: 8418: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8391: 8385: 8384: 8382: 8380: 8361: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8345:on 27 April 2007 8335: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8324: 8305: 8299: 8298: 8296: 8294: 8279: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8268: 8252: 8246: 8245: 8243: 8241: 8222: 8216: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8205: 8198: 8190: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8164: 8158: 8144: 8138: 8137: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8109:. Archived from 8086: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8069: 8062: 8054: 8048: 8047: 8045: 8043: 8027: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8001: 7995: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7981:. Archived from 7975: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7945: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7909: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7879: 7873: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7849: 7843: 7842: 7840: 7838: 7829:. Archived from 7827:Socialist Worker 7819: 7813: 7812: 7810: 7808: 7780: 7774: 7773: 7766: 7760: 7759: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7716: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7705: 7690:The Grizzly Bear 7684:Juda, F (1919). 7681: 7675: 7674: 7664: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7625: 7623: 7604: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7565: 7559: 7558: 7530: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7491: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7449: 7438: 7437: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7399: 7390: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7347: 7341: 7340: 7320: 7314: 7313: 7297: 7287: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7257: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7226: 7220: 7219: 7201: 7192: 7191: 7171: 7165: 7164: 7155:(126): 229–230. 7144: 7138: 7137: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7066: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7030: 7021: 7020: 7002: 6969: 6968: 6960: 6954: 6933: 6927: 6926: 6914: 6904: 6873: 6872: 6852: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6806:on 12 April 2017 6791: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6758: 6743: 6742: 6734: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6715:on 12 April 2017 6700: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6658: 6653:on 1 August 2017 6638: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6605: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6425: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6338: 6330: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6296: 6287: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6265: 6254: 6246: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6178: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6114: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6075: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6050: 6042: 6036: 6035: 6025: 6001: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5990: 5984: 5976: 5970: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5927: 5921: 5909: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5865: 5864: 5858: 5853: 5849: 5848: 5847: 5846: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5821: 5820: 5817: 5814: 5811: 5806: 5805: 5802: 5799: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5766: 5760: 5755:As shown on the 5753: 5716: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5702: 5700:Nicaragua portal 5697: 5696: 5695: 5676:beach volleyball 5339:, among others. 5333:Claribel Alegría 5325:Ernesto Cardenal 5223:and in Managua. 5155:Nicaraguan music 5102:European culture 4502: 4492: 4465: 4426: 4410: 4409: 4356:, spoken by the 4354:Miskito language 4147:San Juan del Sur 4051: 4050: 3894:San Juan del Sur 3812:San Juan del Sur 3687:overexploitation 3544: 3536: 3530: 3527: 3513: 3505: 3499: 3496: 3482: 3474: 3468: 3465: 3451: 3443: 3437: 3434: 3420: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3389: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3358: 3350: 3344: 3341: 3327: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3293: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3259: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3228: 3220: 3214: 3211: 3197: 3189: 3183: 3180: 3166: 3158: 3152: 3149: 3135: 3127: 3121: 3118: 3104: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3073: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3042: 3034: 3028: 3025: 3011: 3001: 2994: 2993: 2990: 2989: 2849:have been rated 2825:Quita Sueño Bank 2780:a fourth in 2021 2693: 2686: 2682: 2679: 2673: 2671: 2630: 2606: 2598: 2551:wildlife refuges 2286:Nicaraguan shark 2221:Pacific lowlands 2013:money laundering 1971:Violeta Chamorro 1932:Violeta Chamorro 1808: 1709:Roberto Clemente 1647:Second World War 1635:Guardia Nacional 1570:Guardia Nacional 1542:violent conflict 1455:by sea, via the 1288:Rivas Department 1080: 1074: 1060: 1047: 1041: 934:to the west and 838: 805: 804: 798: 797: 791: 780: 779: 771: 755: 754: 736: 735: 719: 703: 702: 684: 683: 667: 578: 552:• from the 539:• from the 519:• Declared 509: 459: 282: 252: 235: 234: 232: 231: 230: 225: 221: 218: 217: 216: 213: 198:and largest city 191: 181: 180: 167: 163: 159: 144: 143: 134: 126: 106: 92: 74: 63: 62: 16790: 16789: 16785: 16784: 16783: 16781: 16780: 16779: 16725: 16724: 16716:13.133; -85.117 16715: 16713: 16709: 16706: 16701: 16698: 16696: 16694: 16693: 16691: 16686: 16685: 16680: 16679: 16674: 16662: 16635: 16487: 16363:Solomon Islands 16258:North Macedonia 15796: 15772:Roberto Azevêdo 15750: 15677: 15670: 15599: 15563: 15527: 15522: 15492: 15487: 15478: 15415: 15410: 15375: 15367: 15362: 15361: 15356: 15250: 15248: 15241: 15115: 15110: 15080: 15075: 15066: 15018: 15013: 14983: 14978: 14884: 14879: 14877: 14869: 14864: 14829: 14816: 14808: 14803: 14790: 14783: 14776: 14769: 14752: 14748:Public holidays 14699: 14634: 14610:Nicaragua Canal 14593: 14555: 14521:Law enforcement 14462: 14458:Water resources 14443:Protected areas 14385: 14319: 14310: 14277:Wayback Machine 14264:Wayback Machine 14257:Visit Nicaragua 14253: 14241:Wayback Machine 14228:Wayback Machine 14221:Nicaraguaportal 14215:Wayback Machine 14198: 14189:Wayback Machine 14171: 14122:Wayback Machine 14099: 14094: 14076: 14067: 14063: 14058: 14057: 14047: 14045: 14030: 14029: 14025: 14019:Wayback Machine 14010: 14006: 13996: 13994: 13993:on 24 June 2011 13985: 13984: 13980: 13970: 13968: 13959: 13958: 13954: 13944: 13942: 13933: 13932: 13928: 13918: 13916: 13901: 13897: 13887: 13885: 13878:Latino Baseball 13870: 13863: 13853: 13851: 13838: 13837: 13833: 13823: 13821: 13814: 13798: 13794: 13784: 13782: 13767: 13763: 13753: 13751: 13742: 13741: 13732: 13722: 13720: 13707: 13706: 13702: 13692: 13690: 13681: 13680: 13676: 13666: 13664: 13655: 13654: 13650: 13640: 13638: 13625: 13624: 13617: 13607: 13605: 13592: 13591: 13587: 13575: 13573: 13564: 13563: 13556: 13554: 13550: 13527: 13523: 13522: 13518: 13508: 13506: 13505:on 26 June 2020 13493: 13492: 13488: 13478: 13476: 13463: 13462: 13458: 13448: 13446: 13442: 13435: 13431: 13430: 13426: 13416: 13414: 13399: 13392: 13382: 13380: 13376: 13369: 13363: 13359: 13349: 13347: 13338: 13337: 13333: 13323: 13321: 13312: 13311: 13307: 13297: 13295: 13280: 13276: 13266: 13264: 13257:Country Studies 13249: 13245: 13235: 13233: 13218: 13214: 13204: 13202: 13193: 13192: 13188: 13176: 13172: 13167: 13163: 13158: 13151: 13141: 13139: 13122: 13118: 13108: 13106: 13098:El Nuevo Diario 13091: 13090: 13086: 13076: 13074: 13070: 13063: 13059: 13058: 13054: 13044: 13042: 13029: 13028: 13024: 13018:Wayback Machine 13009: 13005: 12995: 12993: 12982: 12978: 12972:Wayback Machine 12963: 12959: 12949: 12947: 12940:Mormon Newsroom 12934: 12933: 12929: 12919: 12917: 12910:Country Studies 12902: 12895: 12885: 12883: 12868: 12864: 12854: 12852: 12839: 12838: 12834: 12824: 12822: 12813: 12812: 12808: 12763: 12759: 12749: 12747: 12734: 12733: 12729: 12719: 12717: 12704: 12703: 12699: 12689: 12687: 12678: 12677: 12673: 12663: 12661: 12648: 12647: 12643: 12633: 12631: 12622: 12621: 12617: 12607: 12605: 12601: 12594: 12588: 12584: 12574: 12572: 12557: 12553: 12542: 12538: 12528: 12526: 12513: 12512: 12508: 12498: 12496: 12495:on 27 June 2015 12483: 12482: 12478: 12468: 12466: 12453: 12452: 12448: 12438: 12436: 12423: 12422: 12418: 12412:Wayback Machine 12403: 12399: 12389: 12387: 12374: 12373: 12369: 12359: 12357: 12353: 12342: 12338: 12337: 12330: 12320: 12318: 12314: 12303: 12299: 12298: 12294: 12284: 12282: 12269: 12268: 12264: 12254: 12252: 12243: 12242: 12238: 12193: 12189: 12179: 12177: 12169: 12165: 12164: 12160: 12150: 12148: 12139: 12138: 12134: 12124: 12122: 12121:on 6 March 2017 12109: 12108: 12104: 12094: 12092: 12079: 12078: 12074: 12064: 12062: 12049: 12048: 12044: 12034: 12032: 12019: 12018: 12014: 12004: 12002: 11989: 11988: 11984: 11974: 11972: 11957: 11953: 11943: 11941: 11930: 11926: 11916: 11914: 11905: 11904: 11900: 11890: 11888: 11879: 11878: 11874: 11864: 11862: 11847: 11846: 11842: 11832: 11830: 11815: 11811: 11801: 11799: 11786: 11785: 11781: 11771: 11769: 11768:on 17 July 2007 11754: 11747: 11737: 11735: 11726: 11725: 11721: 11711: 11709: 11696: 11695: 11691: 11681: 11679: 11666: 11665: 11661: 11651: 11649: 11648:on 2 March 2014 11634: 11630: 11620: 11618: 11605: 11604: 11600: 11590: 11588: 11579: 11578: 11574: 11562: 11561: 11552: 11551: 11544: 11542: 11532: 11507: 11497: 11495: 11478: 11477: 11473: 11463: 11461: 11449: 11443: 11439: 11433:Walmart Pay Gap 11431:Sarah Anderson 11430: 11426: 11417: 11413: 11407:Wayback Machine 11398: 11394: 11384: 11382: 11369: 11368: 11364: 11354: 11352: 11345:Country Studies 11337: 11333: 11328:Wayback Machine 11318: 11314: 11304: 11302: 11291: 11287: 11277: 11275: 11262: 11261: 11257: 11247: 11245: 11236: 11235: 11231: 11221: 11219: 11206: 11205: 11201: 11191: 11189: 11176: 11175: 11171: 11159: 11158: 11149: 11148: 11141: 11139: 11132: 11108: 11104: 11094: 11092: 11079: 11078: 11074: 11064: 11062: 11053: 11052: 11048: 11038: 11036: 11021: 11017: 11007: 11005: 10996: 10995: 10991: 10981: 10979: 10970: 10969: 10965: 10955: 10953: 10952:on 25 June 2020 10942: 10941: 10937: 10927: 10925: 10916: 10915: 10911: 10901: 10899: 10886: 10885: 10881: 10871: 10869: 10860: 10859: 10855: 10845: 10843: 10834: 10833: 10829: 10819: 10817: 10804: 10803: 10799: 10789: 10787: 10783: 10776: 10772: 10771: 10767: 10757: 10755: 10746: 10745: 10741: 10731: 10729: 10716: 10715: 10708: 10698: 10696: 10687: 10686: 10682: 10672: 10670: 10655: 10654: 10650: 10640: 10638: 10629: 10628: 10624: 10614: 10612: 10607:. White House. 10601: 10597: 10587: 10585: 10574: 10570: 10560: 10558: 10545: 10544: 10540: 10530: 10528: 10527:on 5 April 2007 10519: 10518: 10514: 10504: 10502: 10493: 10492: 10488: 10478: 10476: 10461: 10457: 10447: 10445: 10430: 10426: 10416: 10414: 10401: 10400: 10396: 10385: 10371: 10367: 10357: 10355: 10346: 10345: 10341: 10331: 10329: 10314: 10310: 10300: 10298: 10279: 10275: 10265: 10263: 10262:on 13 July 2010 10256:El Nuevo Diario 10244: 10240: 10230: 10228: 10215: 10214: 10210: 10200: 10198: 10183: 10179: 10169: 10167: 10158: 10157: 10153: 10147: 10137: 10106: 10096: 10094: 10093:on 5 April 2007 10081: 10080: 10076: 10066: 10064: 10057:factmonster.com 10051: 10050: 10046: 9983: 9979: 9969: 9967: 9958: 9957: 9953: 9943: 9941: 9924: 9920: 9910: 9908: 9893: 9889: 9879: 9877: 9864: 9863: 9859: 9849: 9847: 9838: 9837: 9833: 9823: 9821: 9806: 9802: 9792: 9790: 9777: 9776: 9772: 9762: 9760: 9755:. 3 June 2017. 9747: 9746: 9739: 9733:Wayback Machine 9719: 9715: 9705: 9703: 9690: 9689: 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8650: 8640: 8638: 8629: 8628: 8624: 8617: 8601: 8597: 8587: 8585: 8570: 8566: 8556: 8554: 8539: 8535: 8525: 8523: 8508: 8504: 8494: 8492: 8483: 8482: 8475: 8468: 8445: 8441: 8431: 8429: 8420: 8419: 8415: 8405: 8403: 8392: 8388: 8378: 8376: 8363: 8362: 8358: 8348: 8346: 8337: 8336: 8332: 8322: 8320: 8307: 8306: 8302: 8292: 8290: 8281: 8280: 8276: 8266: 8264: 8263:on 28 June 2009 8253: 8249: 8239: 8237: 8224: 8223: 8219: 8209: 8207: 8203: 8196: 8192: 8191: 8187: 8177: 8175: 8166: 8165: 8161: 8145: 8141: 8130: 8126: 8116: 8114: 8087: 8083: 8073: 8071: 8067: 8060: 8056: 8055: 8051: 8041: 8039: 8028: 8024: 8014: 8012: 8003: 8002: 7998: 7988: 7986: 7977: 7976: 7972: 7962: 7960: 7947: 7946: 7933: 7923: 7921: 7920:on 3 April 2007 7910: 7906: 7896: 7894: 7881: 7880: 7876: 7866: 7864: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7836: 7834: 7821: 7820: 7816: 7806: 7804: 7797: 7781: 7777: 7768: 7767: 7763: 7750: 7746: 7739: 7717: 7713: 7703: 7701: 7682: 7678: 7665: 7661: 7651: 7649: 7640: 7639: 7635: 7621: 7619: 7606: 7605: 7601: 7591: 7589: 7582: 7566: 7562: 7547:10.2307/2509898 7531: 7527: 7517: 7515: 7508: 7492: 7485: 7475: 7473: 7466: 7450: 7441: 7430: 7426: 7416: 7414: 7401: 7400: 7393: 7387:Wayback Machine 7378: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7349: 7348: 7344: 7337: 7321: 7317: 7310: 7288: 7284: 7274: 7272: 7259: 7258: 7249: 7239: 7237: 7236:on 3 April 2007 7228: 7227: 7223: 7216: 7202: 7195: 7188: 7172: 7168: 7145: 7141: 7094: 7090: 7083: 7067: 7058: 7047: 7045: 7032: 7031: 7024: 7017: 7003: 6972: 6967:. 13 June 2007. 6962: 6961: 6957: 6943:Wayback Machine 6934: 6930: 6923: 6905: 6876: 6869: 6853: 6849: 6839: 6837: 6830:El Nuevo Diario 6824: 6823: 6819: 6809: 6807: 6792: 6785: 6775: 6773: 6766:El Nuevo Diario 6760: 6759: 6746: 6739:El Nuevo Diario 6735: 6728: 6718: 6716: 6709:El Nuevo Diario 6701: 6697: 6687: 6685: 6670: 6666: 6656: 6654: 6639: 6632: 6622: 6620: 6607: 6606: 6599: 6589: 6587: 6578: 6577: 6573: 6563: 6561: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6533: 6531: 6488: 6484: 6474: 6472: 6465:research.un.org 6459:Kurtas, Susan. 6457: 6453: 6443: 6441: 6426: 6422: 6412: 6410: 6395: 6391: 6381: 6379: 6364: 6360: 6350: 6348: 6341:The Independent 6331: 6324: 6314: 6312: 6297: 6290: 6283: 6279: 6269: 6267: 6263: 6252: 6248: 6247: 6243: 6233: 6231: 6214: 6213: 6209: 6199: 6197: 6180: 6179: 6168: 6158: 6156: 6142: 6141: 6137: 6127: 6125: 6116: 6115: 6102: 6092: 6090: 6085:. 30 May 2019. 6077: 6076: 6072: 6062: 6060: 6043: 6039: 6002: 5998: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5977: 5973: 5967:Wayback Machine 5958: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5929: 5928: 5924: 5919:Wayback Machine 5910: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5895: 5884: 5881: 5880: 5874: 5870: 5860: 5859: 5851: 5842: 5841: 5823: 5808: 5772: 5768: 5767: 5763: 5754: 5750: 5745: 5712: 5707: 5705: 5698: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5635:Ricardo Mayorga 5631:Alexis Argüello 5605:Dennis Martínez 5597:Vicente Padilla 5564: 5548:El Nuevo Diario 5537: 5531: 5381: 5375: 5298:oral literature 5267: 5261: 5249:Bachata dancing 5240: 5234: 5140: 5134: 5076: 5070: 5037: 5031: 5029:Gender equality 4987: 4981: 4957: 4951: 4919: 4913: 4873: 4867: 4843:resident aliens 4837:, most of them 4784:Moravian Church 4714:Catholic Church 4684: 4678: 4673: 4503: 4497: 4493: 4466: 4434: 4433: 4427: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4407: 4388:Garifuna people 4381:Rama Cay Creole 4307: 4301: 4249: 4194: 4181:Afro-Nicaraguan 4173: 4049: 4041:Main articles: 4039: 3805:Royal Caribbean 3797: 3791: 3783:Nicaragua Canal 3660:In March 2007, 3563: 3557: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3478: 3470: 3466: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3416: 3408: 3404: 3385: 3377: 3373: 3354: 3346: 3342: 3323: 3318: 3312: 3308: 3289: 3284: 3278: 3274: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3224: 3216: 3212: 3193: 3185: 3181: 3162: 3154: 3150: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3100: 3092: 3088: 3069: 3061: 3057: 3038: 3030: 3026: 3007: 2999: 2971:Nicaragua is a 2969: 2963: 2933: 2927: 2925:Law enforcement 2865: 2859: 2813: 2807: 2748:Executive power 2713:Dmitry Medvedev 2694: 2683: 2677: 2674: 2631: 2629: 2619: 2607: 2596: 2590: 2555:nature reserves 2508: 2502: 2500:Flora and fauna 2488:, white-tailed 2407: 2378:of the region. 2349:tierra templada 2322: 2298:tierra caliente 2278:Gulf of Fonseca 2235:Maderas volcano 2223: 2196:Caribbean Plate 2184:protected areas 2149:Gulf of Fonseca 2110: 2104: 2096:Main articles: 2094: 2083:In April 2018, 2005:Enrique Bolaños 1948:Hurricane Mitch 1920: 1820: 1814: 1806: 1731: 1725: 1665:(19 December), 1661:(11 December), 1657:(11 December), 1640:rigged election 1608:Rafael Trujillo 1592: 1517:Nicaragua Canal 1513: 1507: 1484:autonomous area 1383: 1264:Central America 1237: 1227: 1183:Mangue language 1098: 1093: 1087: 1061:, which meant " 1045:Macuilmiquiztli 1015: 966:transferred to 908:Central America 833: 802: 801: 800: 789: 778:high inequality 777: 776: 775: 769: 748: 729: 717: 696: 677: 661: 645: 634:6,359,689 ( 631: 614: 600: 579: 576: 566: 556: 543: 530: 520: 496: 473:Rosario Murillo 469: 455: 452: 420: 399: 387: 352: 344: 305: 295: 291:Rama Cay Creole 278: 250: 229:12.100; -86.233 228: 226: 222: 219: 214: 211: 209: 207: 206: 205: 199: 182: 171: 168: 165: 164: 161: 140:In God We Trust 137: 136: 135: 128: 114: 113: 112: 107: 99: 98: 93: 80: 68: 59: 52: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 26: 12: 11: 5: 16788: 16778: 16777: 16772: 16767: 16762: 16757: 16752: 16747: 16742: 16737: 16688: 16687: 16682: 16681: 16676: 16675: 16659: 16658: 16651: 16644: 16641: 16640: 16637: 16636: 16634: 16633: 16628: 16623: 16618: 16613: 16608: 16603: 16598: 16593: 16588: 16583: 16578: 16573: 16568: 16563: 16558: 16553: 16548: 16543: 16538: 16533: 16528: 16526:Czech Republic 16523: 16518: 16513: 16508: 16503: 16497: 16495: 16493:European Union 16486: 16485: 16480: 16475: 16470: 16465: 16460: 16455: 16450: 16448:United Kingdom 16445: 16440: 16435: 16430: 16425: 16420: 16415: 16410: 16405: 16400: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16360: 16355: 16350: 16345: 16340: 16335: 16330: 16325: 16320: 16315: 16310: 16305: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16285: 16280: 16275: 16270: 16265: 16260: 16255: 16250: 16245: 16240: 16235: 16230: 16225: 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15569: 15565: 15564: 15562: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15544:Appellate Body 15541: 15535: 15533: 15529: 15528: 15521: 15520: 15513: 15506: 15498: 15489: 15488: 15481: 15479: 15477: 15476: 15471: 15466: 15461: 15456: 15451: 15446: 15441: 15436: 15431: 15425: 15423: 15417: 15416: 15409: 15408: 15401: 15394: 15386: 15380: 15377: 15376: 15364: 15363: 15358: 15357: 15355: 15354: 15349: 15344: 15339: 15337:Sint Eustatius 15334: 15329: 15324: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15282:Cayman Islands 15279: 15274: 15269: 15264: 15259: 15253: 15251: 15246: 15243: 15242: 15240: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15159: 15154: 15149: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15129: 15123: 15121: 15117: 15116: 15113:North America 15109: 15108: 15101: 15094: 15086: 15077: 15076: 15069: 15067: 15065: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15028: 15026: 15020: 15019: 15012: 15011: 15004: 14997: 14989: 14980: 14979: 14977: 14976: 14971: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14951: 14946: 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14916: 14911: 14906: 14901: 14896: 14890: 14889: 14874: 14871: 14870: 14863: 14862: 14855: 14848: 14840: 14834: 14831: 14830: 14821: 14818: 14817: 14805: 14804: 14802: 14801: 14796: 14789: 14788: 14781: 14774: 14766: 14765: 14762: 14761: 14758: 14757: 14754: 14753: 14751: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14735: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14715: 14709: 14707: 14701: 14700: 14698: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14682: 14677: 14672: 14667: 14662: 14656: 14646: 14640: 14639: 14636: 14635: 14633: 14632: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14615:Stock Exchange 14612: 14607: 14602: 14597: 14589: 14584: 14579: 14573: 14567: 14561: 14560: 14557: 14556: 14554: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14538: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14517: 14516: 14506: 14501: 14496: 14491: 14486: 14480: 14474: 14468: 14467: 14464: 14463: 14461: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14438:Municipalities 14435: 14430: 14425: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14405: 14403:Climate change 14399: 14393: 14387: 14386: 14384: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14353:Mosquito Coast 14350: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14329: 14327: 14321: 14320: 14309: 14308: 14301: 14294: 14286: 14280: 14279: 14266: 14252: 14249: 14248: 14247: 14231: 14218: 14205: 14195: 14179: 14153: 14144: 14135: 14111: 14110: 14106: 14105: 14098: 14095: 14093: 14092:External links 14090: 14089: 14088: 14062: 14059: 14056: 14055: 14023: 14004: 13978: 13963:(in Spanish). 13952: 13926: 13895: 13884:on 2 July 2007 13861: 13831: 13812: 13792: 13761: 13730: 13700: 13674: 13648: 13615: 13585: 13576:|journal= 13516: 13486: 13456: 13424: 13390: 13357: 13331: 13305: 13294:on 3 July 2007 13274: 13243: 13212: 13186: 13170: 13161: 13149: 13116: 13105:on 6 July 2012 13084: 13073:on 11 May 2011 13052: 13035:Joshua Project 13022: 13003: 12976: 12957: 12927: 12893: 12862: 12832: 12806: 12757: 12727: 12697: 12671: 12641: 12615: 12597:. ALFAL 2014. 12582: 12565:The Tico Times 12551: 12536: 12506: 12476: 12446: 12416: 12397: 12367: 12328: 12292: 12262: 12236: 12187: 12158: 12132: 12102: 12072: 12042: 12012: 11982: 11951: 11924: 11913:on 13 May 2007 11898: 11872: 11840: 11829:on 7 June 2007 11809: 11779: 11745: 11719: 11689: 11659: 11628: 11598: 11572: 11563:|website= 11530: 11471: 11460:on 5 July 2010 11437: 11424: 11411: 11392: 11377:. 2 May 2019. 11362: 11331: 11312: 11285: 11255: 11229: 11199: 11169: 11160:|website= 11130: 11102: 11072: 11046: 11015: 10989: 10978:on 11 May 2011 10963: 10935: 10909: 10879: 10853: 10827: 10797: 10765: 10739: 10706: 10680: 10648: 10622: 10595: 10568: 10538: 10512: 10486: 10455: 10424: 10394: 10383: 10365: 10339: 10308: 10287:laprensa.co.ni 10273: 10238: 10227:on 11 May 2011 10208: 10197:on 10 May 2011 10177: 10151: 10104: 10074: 10044: 9977: 9951: 9918: 9887: 9857: 9842:. unfccc.int. 9831: 9800: 9770: 9737: 9713: 9683: 9653: 9622: 9595: 9580:(in Spanish). 9564: 9534: 9508: 9489:Geoff, Thale. 9481: 9454: 9437:Envío Magazine 9424: 9393: 9360: 9330: 9300: 9269: 9243: 9216: 9186: 9160: 9138: 9126: 9094: 9087: 9063: 9048:. p. 12. 9032: 9002: 8972: 8946: 8916: 8896: 8893:978-0890939611 8876: 8846: 8837: 8828: 8826:of 10 May 1984 8805: 8772: 8753: 8746: 8728: 8695: 8667: 8648: 8622: 8615: 8595: 8564: 8533: 8502: 8491:on 20 May 2006 8473: 8466: 8439: 8413: 8386: 8356: 8330: 8300: 8289:on 10 May 2011 8274: 8247: 8217: 8185: 8159: 8139: 8124: 8081: 8049: 8022: 7996: 7970: 7931: 7904: 7874: 7844: 7814: 7795: 7775: 7761: 7744: 7737: 7711: 7676: 7659: 7633: 7599: 7580: 7560: 7541:(4): 483–510. 7525: 7506: 7483: 7464: 7439: 7424: 7391: 7372: 7342: 7335: 7315: 7308: 7282: 7247: 7221: 7214: 7193: 7186: 7166: 7139: 7110:10.2307/482092 7088: 7081: 7056: 7022: 7016:978-0806120089 7015: 6970: 6955: 6928: 6922:978-0520060494 6921: 6874: 6867: 6847: 6817: 6783: 6744: 6726: 6695: 6680:(in Spanish). 6664: 6630: 6597: 6571: 6541: 6508:10.2307/165603 6502:(3): 141–161. 6482: 6451: 6420: 6403:Travel Section 6389: 6358: 6322: 6288: 6277: 6241: 6207: 6166: 6135: 6100: 6070: 6037: 5996: 5971: 5952: 5922: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5868: 5761: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5718: 5717: 5703: 5687: 5684: 5639:Román González 5617:Montreal Expos 5599:, and pitcher 5593:Everth Cabrera 5563: 5560: 5533:Main article: 5530: 5527: 5448:, Nicaragua's 5377:Main article: 5374: 5371: 5329:Gioconda Belli 5288:The origin of 5263:Main article: 5260: 5257: 5233: 5230: 5221:Ometepe Island 5136:Main article: 5133: 5130: 5126:Cayman Islands 5124:, Belize, the 5072:Main article: 5069: 5066: 5033:Main article: 5030: 5027: 4983:Main article: 4980: 4977: 4953:Main article: 4950: 4947: 4915:Main article: 4912: 4909: 4869:Main article: 4866: 4863: 4776:Mosquito Coast 4768:Mosquito Coast 4733:state religion 4691:León Cathedral 4680:Main article: 4677: 4674: 4670: 4669: 4666: 4661: 4659:Puerto Cabezas 4656: 4652: 4651: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4616: 4615: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4598: 4597: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4561: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4543: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4526: 4525: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4508: 4507: 4486: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4470: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4435: 4428: 4423:municipalities 4419: 4416: 4413: 4408: 4406: 4405:Largest cities 4403: 4399:Mosquito Coast 4358:Miskito people 4317:(middle), and 4303:Main article: 4300: 4297: 4257:Nicarao people 4248: 4245: 4193: 4190: 4172: 4169: 4088: 4087: 4084: 4080: 4079: 4076: 4072: 4071: 4068: 4064: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4055: 4038: 4035: 4000:Masaya Volcano 3906:Ometepe Island 3860:Lake Nicaragua 3793:Main article: 3790: 3787: 3651:freest economy 3559:Main article: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3549: 3546: 3545: 3538: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3507: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3476: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3445: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3414: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3383: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3352: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3321: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3287: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3253: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3222: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3191: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3160: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3129: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3098: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3067: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3036: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3005: 2997: 2965:Main article: 2962: 2959: 2929:Main article: 2926: 2923: 2889:national guard 2861:Main article: 2858: 2855: 2829:San Juan River 2809:Main article: 2806: 2803: 2696: 2695: 2678:September 2017 2610: 2608: 2601: 2592:Main article: 2589: 2586: 2578:San Juan River 2574:Lake Nicaragua 2515:Guardabarranco 2504:Main article: 2501: 2498: 2406: 2403: 2321: 2318: 2282:Lake Nicaragua 2222: 2219: 2203:tectonic plate 2163:contribute to 2141:Lake Nicaragua 2093: 2090: 2085:demonstrations 2029:European Union 1990:Arnoldo Alemán 1919: 1916: 1816:Main article: 1813: 1810: 1763:Carlos Fonseca 1741:rebels in 1987 1727:Main article: 1724: 1721: 1653:(8 December), 1591: 1588: 1506: 1503: 1476:Mosquito Coast 1464:William Walker 1457:San Juan River 1416:dissolved the 1407:Filibuster War 1391:Mosquito Coast 1382: 1379: 1367:Horatio Nelson 1311:Lake Nicaragua 1279:Mosquito Coast 1260:Lake Nicaragua 1226: 1223: 1197:who spoke the 1191:Nicarao people 1164:slash-and-burn 1130:, between the 1110:Ometepe Island 1097: 1094: 1089:Main article: 1086: 1083: 1078:nic-atl-nahuac 1014: 1011: 995:United Nations 978:of the 1980s. 963:Spanish Empire 952:Mosquito Coast 891: 890: 885: 879: 878: 873: 867: 866: 861: 855: 854: 851: 845: 844: 831: 827: 826: 816: 812: 811: 792: 782: 781: 772: 762: 761: 749: 746: 743: 742: 730: 727: 724: 723: 720: 710: 709: 697: 694: 691: 690: 678: 675: 672: 671: 668: 654: 653: 646: 644:• Density 643: 640: 639: 632: 629: 626: 625: 619: 618: 615: 612: 609: 608: 601: 598: 595: 594: 588: 587: 584: 583: 582:9 January 1987 580: 574: 571: 570: 567: 564: 561: 560: 557: 551: 548: 547: 544: 538: 535: 534: 531: 528: 525: 524: 521: 518: 515: 514: 511: 510: 490: 489: 484: 480: 479: 476: 475: 470: 467:Vice President 464: 461: 460: 453: 447: 444: 443: 440: 439: 428: 422: 421: 419: 418: 415: 409: 407: 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16481: 16479: 16476: 16474: 16471: 16469: 16466: 16464: 16461: 16459: 16456: 16454: 16453:United States 16451: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16431: 16429: 16426: 16424: 16421: 16419: 16416: 16414: 16411: 16409: 16406: 16404: 16401: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16326: 16324: 16321: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16284: 16281: 16279: 16276: 16274: 16271: 16269: 16266: 16264: 16261: 16259: 16256: 16254: 16251: 16249: 16246: 16244: 16241: 16239: 16236: 16234: 16231: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16196: 16194: 16191: 16189: 16186: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16174: 16171: 16169: 16166: 16164: 16161: 16159: 16156: 16154: 16153:Liechtenstein 16151: 16149: 16146: 16144: 16141: 16139: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16129: 16126: 16124: 16121: 16119: 16116: 16114: 16111: 16109: 16106: 16104: 16101: 16099: 16096: 16094: 16091: 16089: 16086: 16084: 16081: 16079: 16076: 16074: 16071: 16069: 16066: 16064: 16061: 16059: 16056: 16054: 16053:Guinea-Bissau 16051: 16049: 16046: 16044: 16041: 16039: 16036: 16034: 16031: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 15999: 15996: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15939: 15936: 15934: 15931: 15929: 15926: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15916: 15914: 15911: 15909: 15906: 15904: 15901: 15899: 15896: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15861: 15859: 15856: 15854: 15851: 15849: 15846: 15844: 15841: 15839: 15836: 15834: 15831: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15805: 15803: 15799: 15793: 15790: 15788: 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15371: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15255: 15254: 15252: 15244: 15238: 15237:United States 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15124: 15122: 15118: 15114: 15107: 15102: 15100: 15095: 15093: 15088: 15087: 15084: 15073: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15045: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15029: 15027: 15025: 15021: 15017: 15010: 15005: 15003: 14998: 14996: 14991: 14990: 14987: 14975: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14954:Nueva Segovia 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14905: 14902: 14900: 14897: 14895: 14892: 14891: 14887: 14876: 14872: 14868: 14861: 14856: 14854: 14849: 14847: 14842: 14841: 14838: 14832: 14825: 14819: 14812: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14791: 14786: 14782: 14779: 14775: 14772: 14768: 14767: 14763: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14710: 14708: 14706: 14702: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14676: 14675:Ethnic groups 14673: 14671: 14668: 14666: 14663: 14661: 14658: 14657: 14654: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14641: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14590: 14588: 14585: 14583: 14580: 14578: 14575: 14574: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14562: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 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12076: 12060: 12056: 12055:Nicaragua.com 12052: 12046: 12030: 12026: 12022: 12016: 12000: 11996: 11992: 11986: 11970: 11966: 11962: 11955: 11939: 11935: 11928: 11912: 11908: 11902: 11886: 11882: 11876: 11860: 11856: 11855: 11850: 11844: 11828: 11824: 11820: 11813: 11797: 11793: 11789: 11783: 11767: 11763: 11759: 11752: 11750: 11733: 11729: 11723: 11707: 11703: 11699: 11693: 11677: 11673: 11669: 11663: 11647: 11643: 11639: 11632: 11616: 11612: 11608: 11602: 11586: 11582: 11576: 11568: 11556: 11541: 11537: 11533: 11527: 11523: 11519: 11515: 11514: 11505: 11493: 11489: 11485: 11481: 11475: 11459: 11455: 11448: 11441: 11434: 11428: 11421: 11415: 11408: 11404: 11401: 11396: 11380: 11376: 11372: 11366: 11350: 11346: 11342: 11339:Tartter, JR. 11335: 11329: 11325: 11322: 11316: 11300: 11296: 11289: 11273: 11269: 11265: 11259: 11243: 11239: 11233: 11217: 11213: 11209: 11203: 11187: 11183: 11179: 11173: 11165: 11153: 11137: 11133: 11131:9789280534320 11127: 11123: 11119: 11115: 11114: 11106: 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5478: 5474: 5469: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5450:national dish 5447: 5443: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5432: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5410: 5407: 5400: 5396: 5389: 5385: 5380: 5370: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5351: 5347: 5346: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5295: 5294:pre-Columbian 5291: 5283: 5279: 5278:Latin America 5276:, founder of 5275: 5271: 5266: 5256: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5239: 5229: 5226: 5225:Salsa dancing 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5197: 5195: 5194: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5175: 5170: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5129: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5103: 5099: 5092: 5091:Latin America 5088: 5084: 5080: 5075: 5065: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5049: 5044: 5042: 5041:Latin America 5036: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4994: 4992: 4986: 4976: 4973: 4969: 4964: 4962: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4935: 4931: 4929: 4925: 4918: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4881: 4877: 4872: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4831: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4795:patron saints 4791: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4772:Protestantism 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4748: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4718:Daniel Ortega 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4437: 4431: 4424: 4411: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4393: 4389: 4384: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4342: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4320: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4296: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4253:pre-Columbian 4244: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4192:Black Creoles 4189: 4182: 4177: 4171:Ethnic groups 4168: 4166: 4162: 4157: 4155: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4135: 4133: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4113: 4107: 4103: 4094: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4034: 4031: 4027: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3988: 3986: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3927: 3923: 3922:sport fishing 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3869:Daniel Ortega 3861: 3857: 3852: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3813: 3809: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3778: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3743: 3736: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3716: 3711: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3690: 3688: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3663: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3645: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3594:Nueva Segovia 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3543: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3526: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3495: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3464: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3433: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3410:Nueva Segovia 3402: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3371: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3340: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3315: 3306: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3281: 3272: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3241: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3210: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3179: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3148: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3117: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3086: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3055: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3024: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3004: 2998: 2996: 2995: 2992: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2981:departamentos 2978: 2974: 2968: 2958: 2956: 2951: 2948: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2922: 2920: 2915: 2913: 2908: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2864: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2812: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2791:Daniel Ortega 2787: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2772:head of state 2769: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2736:head of state 2733: 2729: 2726: 2718: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2706:Daniel Ortega 2702: 2692: 2689: 2681: 2670: 2667: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2639: – 2638: 2634: 2633:Find sources: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2611:This section 2609: 2605: 2600: 2599: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2417: 2412: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2377: 2376:cloud forests 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2350: 2345: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2317: 2315: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2299: 2293: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2192:Geophysically 2189: 2185: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2114: 2109: 2103: 2099: 2089: 2086: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1960: 1956: 1949: 1944: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1884:Daniel Ortega 1881: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1819: 1809: 1804: 1801:In 1980, the 1799: 1797: 1791: 1789: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1720: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1636: 1632: 1631:Somoza family 1624: 1623:Richard Nixon 1620: 1616: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1587: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1562: 1554: 1551:Rebel leader 1549: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1518: 1512: 1502: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1392: 1387: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1361:. During the 1360: 1356: 1353:In 1610, the 1351: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1338: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1232: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1166:agriculture. 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1120:pre-Columbian 1117: 1116:Paleo-Indians 1111: 1107: 1102: 1092: 1082: 1079: 1073: 1068: 1064: 1059: 1053: 1051: 1046: 1040: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 979: 977: 973: 969: 964: 959: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 928:Pacific Ocean 925: 922:to the east, 921: 920:Caribbean Sea 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 889: 886: 884: 880: 877: 874: 872: 871:ISO 3166 code 868: 865: 862: 860: 856: 852: 850: 846: 842: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 817: 813: 809: 793: 787: 783: 773: 767: 763: 759: 756:$ 2,599 ( 750: 744: 740: 731: 725: 721: 715: 711: 707: 704:$ 7,642 ( 698: 692: 688: 679: 673: 669: 665: 659: 655: 651: 647: 641: 637: 633: 627: 624: 620: 616: 610: 606: 602: 596: 593: 589: 585: 581: 572: 568: 562: 558: 555: 549: 545: 542: 536: 532: 526: 522: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 495: 491: 488: 485: 481: 477: 474: 471: 468: 462: 458: 457:Daniel Ortega 454: 451: 445: 441: 437: 436:authoritarian 433: 429: 427: 423: 416: 414: 411: 410: 408: 406: 402: 395: 393: 389: 382: 378: 376: 375:Protestantism 372: 370: 366: 365: 364: 360: 359: 357: 356: 354: 347: 341: 337: 335: 331: 329: 325: 322: 318: 314: 310: 309: 307: 302: 298: 292: 289: 287: 284: 281: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 256: 254: 248: 245: 242: 238: 233: 204: 201: 194: 190: 185: 158: 157: 151: 147: 141: 132: 125: 121: 117: 111: 105: 97: 91: 83: 78: 73: 64: 61: 57: 40: 36: 32: 25: 20: 16692: 16661: 16660: 16368:South Africa 16353:Sierra Leone 16338:Saudi Arabia 15893:Burkina Faso 15666:Bali Package 15595:Peace Clause 15453: 15342:Sint Maarten 15322:Saint Martin 15206: 15056: 14964:Río San Juan 14785:Bibliography 14665:Demographics 14587:Central Bank 14526:Armed Forces 14509:Human rights 14489:Constitution 14312: 14161: 14150: 14125: 14078: 14046:. 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