Austria-Hungary - Knowledge

4544:. Since the Poles were at first unyielding, Ruthenian demonstrations and strikes of students arose, and the Ruthenians were no longer content with the reversion of a few separate professorial chairs, and with parallel courses of lectures. By a pact concluded on 28 January 1914 the Poles promised a Ruthenian university; but owing to the war the question lapsed. The Italians could hardly claim a university of their own on grounds of population (in 1910 they numbered 783,000), but they claimed it all the more on grounds of their ancient culture. All parties were agreed that an Italian faculty of laws should be created; the difficulty lay in the choice of the place. The Italians demanded Trieste; but the Government was afraid to let this Adriatic port become the centre of an irredenta; moreover the Southern Slavs of the city wished it kept free from an Italian educational establishment. Bienerth in 1910 brought about a compromise; namely, that it should be founded at once, the situation to be provisionally in Vienna, and to be transferred within four years to Italian national territory. The German National Union (Nationalverband) agreed to extend temporary hospitality to the Italian university in Vienna, but the Southern Slav Hochschule Club demanded a guarantee that a later transfer to the coast provinces should not be contemplated, together with the simultaneous foundation of Slovene professorial chairs in Prague and Cracow, and preliminary steps towards the foundation of a Southern Slav university in Laibach. But in spite of the constant renewal of negotiations for a compromise it was impossible to arrive at any agreement, until the outbreak of war left all the projects for a Ruthenian university at Lemberg, a Slovene one in Laibach, and a second Czech one in Moravia, unrealized. 4572:

after a half millennium in 1912. They had four faculties: theology, law, philosophy and medicine (the university at Zagreb was without a faculty of medicine). There were in addition ten high schools of law, called academies, which in 1900 were attended by 1,569 pupils. The Polytechnicum in Budapest, founded in 1844, which contained four faculties and was attended in 1900 by 1,772 pupils, was also considered a high school. There were in Hungary in 1900 forty-nine theological colleges, twenty-nine Catholic, five Greek Uniat, four Greek Orthodox, ten Protestant and one Jewish. Among special schools the principal mining schools were at Selmeczbánya, Nagyág and Felsőbánya; the principal agricultural colleges at Debreczen and Kolozsvár; and there was a school of forestry at Selmeczbánya, military colleges at Budapest, Kassa, Déva and Zagreb, and a naval school at Fiume. There were in addition a number of training institutes for teachers and a large number of schools of commerce, several art schools – for design, painting, sculpture, and music.

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Meanwhile, economic conditions on the homefront deteriorated rapidly. The Empire depended on agriculture, and agriculture depended on the heavy labor of millions of men who were now in the Army. Food production fell, the transportation system became overcrowded, and industrial production could not successfully handle the overwhelming need for munitions. Germany provided a great deal of help, but it was not enough. Furthermore, the political instability of the multiple ethnic groups of Empire now ripped apart any hope for national consensus in support of the war. Increasingly there was a demand for breaking up the Empire and setting up autonomous national states based on historic language-based cultures. The new Emperor sought peace terms from the Allies, but his initiatives were vetoed by Italy.

4709:(Bank of issue) was founded as Austrian National Bank in 1816. In 1878, it transformed into Austro-Hungarian National Bank with principal offices in both Vienna and Budapest. The central bank was governed by alternating Austrian or Hungarian governors and vice-governors. Austria-Hungary also became the world's third-largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, electric industrial appliances, and power generation apparatus for power plants, after the United States and the German Empire, and it constructed Europe's second-largest railway network, after the German Empire. In 2000, a study estimated that GDP in constant national prices in 1913 was 19,140.8 million for Cisleithania and 10,971.6 million for Transleithania, a combined 30,112.4 million 4729:

considerably, as sustained modernization had begun much later. Like the German Empire, that of Austria–Hungary frequently employed liberal economic policies and practices. In 1873, the old Hungarian capital Buda and Óbuda (Ancient Buda) were officially merged with the third city, Pest, thus creating the new metropolis of Budapest. The dynamic Pest grew into Hungary's administrative, political, economic, trade and cultural hub. Many of the state institutions and the modern administrative system of Hungary were established during this period. Economic growth centered on Vienna and Budapest, the Austrian lands (areas of modern Austria), the Alpine region and the Bohemian lands. In the later years of the 19th century, rapid economic growth spread to the central

4365:. Jews accounted for 54% of commercial business owners, 85% of financial institution directors and owners in banking, and 62% of all employees in commerce, 20% of all general grammar school students, and 37% of all commercial scientific grammar school students, 31.9% of all engineering students, and 34.1% of all students in human faculties of the universities. Jews accounted for 48.5% of all physicians, and 49.4% of all lawyers/jurists in Hungary. Note: The numbers of Jews were reconstructed from religious censuses. They did not include the people of Jewish origin who had converted to Christianity, or the number of atheists. Among many Hungarian parliament members of Jewish origin, the most famous Jewish members in Hungarian political life were 5206: 4361:. Of the pre-World War I military forces of the major European powers, the Austro-Hungarian army was almost alone in its regular promotion of Jews to positions of command. While the Jewish population of the lands of the Dual Monarchy was about 5%, Jews made up nearly 18% of the reserve officer corps. Thanks to the modernity of the constitution and to the benevolence of emperor Franz Joseph, the Austrian Jews came to regard the era of Austria–Hungary as a golden era of their history. By 1910 about 900,000 religious Jews made up approximately 5% of the population of Hungary and about 23% of Budapest's citizenry. In the Austro-Hungarian Empire the generally fiercely patriotic Hungarian Jews were securing the tenuous Hungarian majority in the 3260: 4881:. In 1890 most large Hungarian private railway companies were nationalized as a consequence of the poor management of private companies, except the strong Austrian-owned Kaschau-Oderberg Railway (KsOd) and the Austrian-Hungarian Southern Railway (SB/DV). They also joined the zone tariff system of the MÁV (Hungarian State Railways). By 1910, the total length of the rail networks of Hungarian Kingdom reached 22,869 kilometres (14,210 miles), the Hungarian network linked more than 1,490 settlements. Nearly half (52%) of the empire's railways were built in Hungary, thus the railroad density there became higher than that of Cisleithania. This has ranked Hungarian railways the 6th most dense in the world (ahead of Germany and France). 5099: 2039: 3170: 3967: 4818:

widespread in post offices and railway stations. Austria–Hungary had 568 million telephone calls in 1913; only two Western European countries had more phone calls: the German Empire and the United Kingdom. The Austro-Hungarian Empire was followed by France with 396 million telephone calls and Italy with 230 million phone calls. In 1916, there were 366 million telephone calls in Cisleithania, among them 8.4 million long distant calls. All telephone exchanges of the cities, towns and larger villages in Transleithania were linked until 1893. By 1914, more than 2000 settlements had telephone exchange in Kingdom of Hungary.

4568:. None of these medieval universities survived the Ottoman wars. Nagyszombat University was founded in 1635 and moved to Buda in 1777 and it is called Eötvös Loránd University today. The world's first institute of technology was founded in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary (since 1920 Banská Štiavnica, now Slovakia) in 1735. Its legal successor is the University of Miskolc in Hungary. The Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) is considered the oldest institute of technology in the world with university rank and structure. Its legal predecessor the Institutum Geometrico-Hydrotechnicum was founded in 1782 by Emperor Joseph II. 4827: 82: 3706: 13279: 3375: 995: 5273:

on by the Austrian and Hungarian parliaments and was generally determined on the basis of the population, according to the last census returns. It amounted in 1905 to 103,100 men, of which Austria furnished 59,211 men, and Hungary 43,889. Besides 10,000 men were annually allotted to the Austrian Landwehr, and 12,500 to the Hungarian Honved. The term of service was two years (three years in the cavalry) with the colours, seven or eight in the reserve and two in the Landwehr; in the case of men not drafted to the active army the same total period of service was spent in various special reserves.

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the army had become commonplace. As the war went on, the ethnic unity declined; the Allies encouraged breakaway demands from minorities and the Empire faced disintegration. With apparent Allied victory approaching, nationalist movements seized ethnic resentment to erode social unity. The military breakdown of the Italian front marked the start of the rebellion for the numerous ethnicities who made up the multiethnic Empire, as they refused to keep on fighting for a cause that now appeared senseless. The Emperor had lost much of his power to rule, as his realm disintegrated.

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prompted the development of the Austrian merchant marine. By 1913, the commercial marine of Austria, comprised 16,764 vessels with a tonnage of 471,252, and crews number-ing 45,567. Of the total (1913) 394 of 422,368 tons were steamers, and 16,370 of 48,884 tons were sailing vessels The Austrian Lloyd was one of the biggest ocean shipping companies of the time. Prior to the beginning of World War I, the company owned 65 middle-sized and large steamers. The Austro-Americana owned one third of this number, including the biggest Austrian passenger ship, the SS

4278: 3810: 4297: 1560: 4553: 864: 13288: 5453: 3787:, concluded that Karl's position was untenable. Lammasch persuaded Karl that the best course was to relinquish, at least temporarily, his right to exercise sovereign authority. On 11 November, Karl issued a carefully worded proclamation in which he recognized the Austrian people's right to determine the form of the state and "relinquish(ed) every participation" in Austrian state affairs. On the day after he announced his withdrawal from Austrian politics, the German-Austrian National Council proclaimed the 4857: 4670: 3818: 1202: 5670: 3348:. The invasion of Serbia in 1914 was a disaster: by the end of the year, the Austro-Hungarian Army had taken no territory, but had lost 227,000 out of a total force of 450,000 men. However, in the autumn of 1915, the Serbian Army was defeated by the Central Powers, which led to the occupation of Serbia. Near the end of 1915, in a massive rescue operation involving more than 1,000 trips made by Italian, French and British steamers, 260,000 Serb surviving soldiers were transported to 5194: 3975: 2998:

Bosnia and Herzegovina, a predominantly Slavic area. Austria occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina as a way of gaining power in the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania became fully independent. Nonetheless, the Balkans remained a site of political unrest with teeming ambition for independence and great power rivalries. At the Congress of Berlin in 1878 Gyula Andrássy (Minister of Foreign Affairs) managed to force Russia to retreat from further demands in the Balkans. As a result,

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removed the pro-German officials and opened peace overtures to the Allies, whereby the entire war could be ended by compromise, or perhaps Austria would make a separate peace from Germany. The main effort was vetoed by Italy, which had been promised large slices of Austria for joining the Allies in 1915. Austria was only willing to turn over the Trentino region but nothing more. Karl was seen as a defeatist, which weakened his standing at home and with both the Allies and

3182: 2942: 13296: 3495: 5303: 2747: 1972: 10239: 3983: 1009: 953: 5437: 4399: 3414:, recognizing the numerical inferiority of the Austro-Hungarian army. By the end of September 1916, Austria–Hungary mobilized and concentrated new divisions, and the successful Russian advance was halted and slowly repelled; but the Austrian armies took heavy losses (about 1 million men) and never recovered. Nevertheless, the huge losses in men and material inflicted on the Russians during the offensive contributed greatly to the 3081:

Bulgarians, who turned instead to Russia and Serbia. Although Austria had no intention to embark on additional expansion to the south, Aehrenthal encouraged speculation to that effect, expecting that it would paralyze the Balkan states. Instead, it incited them to feverish activity to create a defensive block to stop Austria. A series of grave miscalculations at the highest level thus significantly strengthened Austria's enemies.

8414:"The kingdom of Hungary desired equal status with the Austrian empire, which was weakened by its defeat in the German (Austro-Prussian) War of 1866. The Austrian emperor Francis Joseph gave Hungary full internal autonomy, together with a responsible ministry, and in return it agreed that the empire should still be a single great state for purposes of war and foreign affairs, thus maintaining its dynastic prestige abroad." 2873: 3356:, where they waited for the chance of the victory of Allied Powers to reclaim their country. Corfu hosted the Serbian government in exile after the collapse of Serbia and served as a supply base to the Greek front. In April 1916 a large number of Serbian troops were transported in British and French naval vessels from Corfu to mainland Greece. The contingent numbering over 120,000 relieved a much smaller army at the 4062: 1119:. Following the 1867 reforms, the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power. The two countries conducted unified diplomatic and defence policies. For these purposes, "common" ministries of foreign affairs and defence were maintained under the monarch's direct authority, as was a third finance ministry responsible only for financing the two "common" portfolios. A third component of the union was the 4658: 2919:

Slavs and Orthodox Christians. Austria envisioned a multi-ethnic, religiously diverse empire under Vienna's control. Count Gyula Andrássy, a Hungarian who was Foreign Minister (1871–1879), made the centerpiece of his policy one of opposition to Russian expansion in the Balkans and blocking Serbian ambitions to dominate a new South Slav federation. He wanted Germany to ally with Austria, not Russia.]

5351:(between the victors and Hungary) regulated the new borders of Austria and Hungary, reducing them to small-sized and landlocked states. In regard to areas without a decisive national majority, the Entente powers ruled in many cases in favour of the newly emancipated independent nation-states, enabling them to claim vast territories containing sizeable German- and Hungarian-speaking populations. The 4258:, a small ethnic group composed by around 2,600 people in the 1880s, suffered severe discrimination. The Croats of the region, who formed the majority, tried to assimilate them, while the Italian minority supported them in their requests for self-determination. In 1888, the possibility of opening the first school for the Istro-Romanians teaching in the Romanian language was discussed in the 11057: 3330:" of army deserters formed armed bands in the hills of Croatia-Slavonia and civil authority disintegrated. By late October violence and massive looting erupted and there were efforts to form peasant republics. However, the Croatian political leadership was focused on creating a new state (Yugoslavia) and worked with the advancing Serbian army to impose control and end the uprisings. 3679:, had decisive influence over the internal and external affairs of the monarchy. By late 1916, food supply from Hungary became intermittent and the government sought an armistice with the Entente powers. However, this failed as Britain and France no longer had any regard for the integrity of the monarchy because of Austro-Hungarian support for Germany. 4034:

deputies demanded it). Beginning with the 1879 Primary Education Act and the 1883 Secondary Education Act, the Hungarian state made more efforts to reduce the use of non-Magyar languages, in strong violation of the 1868 Nationalities Law. After 1875, all Slovak language schools higher than elementary were closed, including the only three high schools

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Bohemia and Moravia a separation into German and Czech ones. Thus Germans, Czechs and Poles were provided for. But now the smaller nations also made their voices heard: the Ruthenians, Slovenes and Italians. The Ruthenians demanded at first, in view of the predominantly Ruthenian character of rural East Galicia, a national partition of the Polish

5113:(originally the "Franz Joseph Underground Electric Railway Company") is the second oldest underground railway in the world (the first being the London Underground's Metropolitan Line and the third being Glasgow), and the first on the European mainland. It was built from 1894 to 1896 and opened on 2 May 1896. In 2002, it was listed as a 149: 5231:, today part of Croatia), where the Hungarian shipping companies, such as the Adria, operated. The commercial marine of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1913 comprised 545 vessels of 144,433 tons, and crews numbering 3,217. Of the total number of vessels 134,000 of 142,539 tons were steamers, and 411 of 1,894 tons were sailing vessels. 3917:

of 1867, in which common expenditures were allocated 70% to Austria and 30% to Hungary. This division had to be renegotiated every ten years. There was political turmoil during the build-up to each renewal of the agreement. By 1907, the Hungarian share had risen to 36.4%. The disputes culminated in the early 1900s in a prolonged

5224:. In comparison to the Austrian Lloyd, the Austro-American concentrated on destinations in North and South America. The Austro-Hungarian Navy became much more significant than previously, as industrialization provided sufficient revenues to develop it. Pola (Pula, today part of Croatia) was especially significant for the navy. 3998:

the Habsburg Dynasty in 1867, one of the first acts of its restored Parliament was to pass a Law on Nationalities (Act Number XLIV of 1868). It was a liberal piece of legislation and offered extensive language and cultural rights. It did not recognize non-Hungarians to have rights to form states with any territorial autonomy.

148: 4838:(Telephone Herald) news and entertainment service was introduced in Budapest in 1893. Two decades before the introduction of radio broadcasting, people could listen to political, economic and sports news, cabaret, music and opera in Budapest daily. It operated over a special type of telephone exchange system. 152: 151: 150: 153: 4147:, the Austrians responded to Hungarian support of Czechs by supporting the Croatian national movement in Zagreb. In recognition that he reigned in a multi-ethnic country, Emperor Franz Joseph spoke (and used) German, Hungarian and Czech fluently, and Croatian, Serbian, Polish and Italian to some degree. 3003:

Mediterranean Entente, with Britain and Italy in 1887 and concluded mutual defence pacts with Germany in 1879 and Romania in 1883 against a possible Russian attack. Following the Congress of Berlin the European powers attempted to guarantee stability through a complex series of alliances and treaties.

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The common minister of war was the head for the administration of all military affairs, except those of the Austrian Landwehr and of the Hungarian Honved, which were committed to the ministries for national defence of the two respective states. But the supreme command of the army was nominally vested

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or levy-en masse. As stated above, the common army stood under the administration of the joint minister of war, while the special armies were under the administration of the respective ministries of national defence. The yearly contingent of recruits for the army was fixed by the military bills voted

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The implementation of this principle led to several disputes, as it was not clear which languages could be regarded as "customary". The Germans, the traditional bureaucratic, capitalist and cultural elite, demanded the recognition of their language as a customary language in every part of the empire.

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During the Italian battles, the Czechoslovaks and Southern Slavs declared their independence. With defeat in the war imminent after the Italian offensive in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto on 24 October, Czech politicians peacefully took over command in Prague on 28 October (later declared the birth of

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The setbacks that the Austrian army suffered in 1914 and 1915 can be attributed to a large extent by the incompetence of the Austrian high command. After attacking Serbia, its forces soon had to be withdrawn to protect its eastern frontier against Russia's invasion, while German units were engaged in

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started as a minor German offensive to relieve the pressure of the Russian numerical superiority on the Austro-Hungarians, but the cooperation of the Central Powers resulted in huge Russian losses and the total collapse of the Russian lines and their 100 km (62 mi) long retreat into Russia.

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On the home front, food grew scarcer and scarcer, as did heating fuel. Hungary, with its heavy agricultural base, was somewhat better fed. The Army conquered productive agricultural areas in Romania and elsewhere, but refused to allow food shipments to civilians back home. Morale fell every year, and

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referred to the violence as the "Sarajevo frenzy of hate." Violent actions against ethnic Serbs were organized not only in Sarajevo but also in many other larger Austro-Hungarian cities in modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Austro-Hungarian authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina imprisoned

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A proclamation issued on the occasion of its annexation to the Habsburg monarchy in October 1908 promised these lands constitutional institutions, which should secure to their inhabitants full civil rights and a share in the management of their own affairs by means of a local representative assembly.

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of 1526, the Habsburg Empire became more involved in the Kingdom of Hungary, and subsequently assumed the Hungarian throne. However, as the Ottomans expanded further into Hungary, the Habsburgs came to control only a small north-western portion of the former kingdom's territory. Eventually, following

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only Germany had more extended railway network (63,378 km, 39,381 mi); the Austro-Hungarian Empire was followed by France (40,770 km, 25,330 mi), the United Kingdom (32,623 km, 20,271 mi), Italy (18,873 km, 11,727 mi) and Spain (15,088 km, 9,375 mi).

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After being forced out of Germany and Italy, the Dual Monarchy turned to the Balkans, which were in tumult as nationalistic movements were gaining strength and demanding independence. Both Russia and Austria–Hungary saw an opportunity to expand in this region. Russia took on the role of protector of

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The most important seaport was Trieste (today part of Italy), where the Austrian merchant marine was based. Two major shipping companies (Austrian Lloyd and Austro-Americana) and several shipyards were located there. From 1815 to 1866, Venice had been part of the Habsburg empire. The loss of Venice

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was opened in Zagreb (8 January 1881), the second was in Budapest (1 May 1881), and the third was opened in Vienna (3 June 1881). Initially telephony was available in the homes of individual subscribers, companies and offices. Public telephone stations appeared in the 1890s, and they quickly became

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per capita grew roughly 1.76% per year from 1870 to 1913. That level of growth compared very favorably to that of other European nations such as Britain (1%), France (1.06%), and Germany (1.51%). However, in a comparison with Germany and Britain, the Austro-Hungarian economy as a whole still lagged

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The high schools included the universities, of which Hungary possessed five, all maintained by the state: at Budapest (founded in 1635), at Kolozsvár (founded in 1872), and at Zagreb (founded in 1874). Newer universities were established in Debrecen in 1912, and Pozsony university was reestablished

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had lived primarily in Bohemia since the 6th century and German immigrants had begun settling the Bohemian periphery in the 13th century. The constitution of 1627 made the German language a second official language and equal to Czech. German speakers lost their majority in the Bohemian Diet in 1880

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In July 1849, the Hungarian Revolutionary Parliament proclaimed and enacted ethnic and minority rights (the next such laws were in Switzerland), but these were overturned after the Russian and Austrian armies crushed the Hungarian Revolution. After the Kingdom of Hungary reached the Compromise with

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Relations during the half-century after 1867 between the two parts of the dual monarchy featured repeated disputes over shared external tariff arrangements and over the financial contribution of each government to the common treasury. These matters were determined by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise

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favorably; on the other hand, by 1916 the general belief in Germany was that Germany, in its alliance with Austria–Hungary, was "shackled to a corpse". The operational capability of the Austro-Hungarian army was seriously affected by supply shortages, low morale and a high casualty rate, and by the

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organizations sent aid to the Balkan rebels and so pressured the tsar's government to declare war on the Ottoman Empire in 1877 in the name of protecting Orthodox Christians. Unable to mediate between the Ottoman Empire and Russia over the control of Serbia, Austria–Hungary declared neutrality when

5253:(1817–1895), an old-fashioned bureaucrat who opposed modernization. The military system of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy was similar in both states, and rested since 1868 upon the principle of the universal and personal obligation of the citizen to bear arms. Its military force was composed of the 5184:

After several small-scale attempts, István Széchenyi organised the "regulation of the Tisza" (Hungarian: a Tisza szabályozása) which started on 27 August 1846, and substantially ended in 1880. The new length of the river in Hungary was 966 km (600 mi) (1,358 km (844 mi) total),

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The higher educational institutions were predominantly German, but beginning in the 1870s, language shifts began to occur. These establishments, which in the middle of the 19th century had had a predominantly German character, underwent in Galicia a conversion into Polish national institutions, in

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By 1918, the economic situation had deteriorated and governmental failure on the homefront ended popular support for the war. The Austro-Hungarian monarchy collapsed with dramatic speed in the autumn of 1918. Leftist and pacifist political movements organized strikes in factories, and uprisings in

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The heavily rural Empire did have a small industrial base, but its major contribution was manpower and food. Nevertheless, Austria–Hungary was more urbanized (25%) than its actual opponents in the First World War, like the Russian Empire (13.4%), Serbia (13.2%) or Romania (18.8%). Furthermore, the

5411:", which both dethroned the Habsburgs and banished all Habsburgs from Austrian territory. While Karl was banned from ever returning to Austria again, other Habsburgs could return if they gave up all claims to the defunct throne. In March and again in October 1921, ill-prepared attempts by Karl to 4733:

and to the Carpathian lands. As a result, wide disparities of development existed within the empire. In general, the western areas became more developed than the eastern ones. The Kingdom of Hungary became the world's second-largest flour exporter after the United States. The large Hungarian food

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Hungary's leaders were generally less willing than their Austrian counterparts to share power with their subject minorities, but they granted a large measure of autonomy to Croatia in 1868. To some extent, they modeled their relationship to that kingdom on their own compromise with Austria of the

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The Austro-Hungarian Empire played a relatively passive diplomatic role in the war, as it was increasingly dominated and controlled by Germany. The only goal was to punish Serbia and try to stop the ethnic breakup of the Empire, and it completely failed. Starting in late 1916 the new Emperor Karl

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river in Hungary used to be 1,419 kilometres (882 miles). It flowed through the Great Hungarian Plain, which is one of the largest flat areas in central Europe. Since plains can cause a river to flow very slowly, the Tisza used to follow a path with many curves and turns, which led to many large

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The Hungarian Minority Act of 1868 gave the minorities (Slovaks, Romanians, Serbs, et al.) individual (but not also communal) rights to use their language in offices, schools (although in practice often only in those founded by them and not by the state), courts and municipalities (if 20% of the

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Although the Kingdom of Hungary comprised only 42% of the population of Austria–Hungary, the thin majority – more than 3.8 million soldiers – of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces were conscripted from the Kingdom of Hungary during the First World War. Roughly 600,000 soldiers were killed in

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as Supreme Army Commander (Armeeoberkommandant), but asked him to give Von Hötzendorf freedom to take any decisions. Von Hötzendorf remained in effective command of the military forces until Emperor Karl I took the supreme command himself in late 1916 and dismissed Conrad von Hötzendorf in 1917.

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Over the course of July and August 1914, these events caused the start of World War I, as Russia mobilized in support of Serbia, setting off a series of counter-mobilizations. In support of his German ally, on Thursday, 6 August 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph signed the declaration of war on Russia.

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The Congress of Berlin rolled back the Russian victory by partitioning the large Bulgarian state that Russia had carved out of Ottoman territory and denying any part of Bulgaria full independence from the Ottomans. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 let Austria occupy (but not annex) the province of

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lost roughly 60% of the old Austrian Empire's territory. It also had to drop its plans for union with Germany, as it was not allowed to unite with Germany without League approval. Hungary, however, was severely disrupted by the loss of 72% of its territory, 64% of its population and most of its

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on 31 October. Charles was all but forced to appoint Károlyi as his Hungarian prime minister. One of Károlyi's first acts was to formally repudiate the compromise agreement on 31 October, effectively terminating the personal union with Austria and thus officially dissolving the Austro-Hungarian

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In the last two years of the war the Austro-Hungarian armed forces lost all ability to act independently of Germany. As of 7 September 1916, the German emperor was given full control of all the armed forces of the Central Powers and Austria-Hungary effectively became a satellite of Germany. The

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fighting on the Western Front. This resulted in a greater than expected loss of men in the invasion of Serbia. Furthermore, it became evident that the Austrian high command had had no plans for possible continental war and that the army and navy were also ill-equipped to handle such a conflict.

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crossed the borders of Eastern Hungary (Transylvania), and despite initial successes, by November 1916, the Central Powers formed by the Austro-Hungarian, German, Bulgarian, and Ottoman armies, had defeated the Romanian and Russian armies of the Entente Powers, and occupied the southern part of

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Aehrenthal had started with the assumption that the Slavic minorities could never come together, and the Balkan League would never cause any damage to Austria. He turned down an Ottoman proposal for an alliance that would include Austria, Turkey, and Romania. However, his policies alienated the

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Language was, as a proxy for ethnicity, one of the most contentious issues in Austro-Hungarian politics. All governments faced difficult and divisive hurdles in deciding on the languages of government and of instruction. The minorities sought the widest opportunities for education in their own

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Inflation soared, from an index of 129 in 1914 to 1589 in 1918, wiping out the cash savings of the middle-class. In terms of war damage to the economy, the war used up about 20 percent of the GDP. The dead soldiers amounted to about four percent of the 1914 labor force, and the wounded ones to

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was broken up and Serbian independence was guaranteed. In that year, with Britain's support, Austria–Hungary stationed troops in Bosnia to prevent the Russians from expanding into nearby Serbia. In another measure to keep the Russians out of the Balkans, Austria–Hungary formed an alliance, the

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Austria subsequently joined a telegraph union with German states. In the Kingdom of Hungary, 2,406 telegraph post offices operated in 1884. By 1914 the number of telegraph offices reached 3,000 in post offices and further 2,400 were installed in the railway stations of the Kingdom of Hungary.

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appeared in the first half of the 19th century. Between the 1850s and 1880s many were built : Vienna (1865), Budapest (1866), Brno (1869), Trieste (1876). Steam trams appeared in the late 1860s. The electrification of tramways started in the late 1880s. The first electrified tramway in

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In May 1915, Italy attacked Austria–Hungary. Italy was the only military opponent of Austria–Hungary which had a similar degree of industrialization and economic level; moreover, her army was numerous (≈1,000,000 men were immediately fielded), but suffered from poor leadership, training and

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exports were not limited to neighbouring Germany and Italy: Hungary became the most important foreign food supplier of the large cities and industrial centres of the United Kingdom. Galicia, which has been described as the poorest province of Austro-Hungary, experienced near-constant

5164:, Hungary's "Iron Minister", succeeded in financing this project. The riverbed rocks and the associated rapids made the gorge valley an infamous passage for shipping. In German, the passage is still known as the Kataraktenstrecke, even though the cataracts are gone. Near the actual " 3077:. Both were motivated by political ambition; the first would emerge successful, and the latter would be broken by the crisis. Along the way, they would drag Europe to the brink of war in 1909. They would also divide Europe into the two armed camps that would go to war in July 1914. 9466: 3867:, foreign policy and the imperial household, and the customs union. Although the two halves shared a common monarch and both foreign relations and defense were managed jointly, all other state functions were to be handled separately as there was no common citizenship. 3410:

The Russian Third Army perished. In summer 1915, the Austro-Hungarian Army, under a unified command with the Germans, participated in the successful Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive. From June 1916, the Russians focused their attacks on the Austro-Hungarian army in the

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with 589 km (366 mi) of "dead channels" and 136 km (85 mi) of new riverbed. The resultant length of the flood-protected river comprises 2,940 km (1,830 mi) (out of 4,220 km (2,620 mi) of all Hungarian protected rivers).

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Milestone due to the radically new innovations in its era: "Among the railway's innovative elements were bidirectional tram cars; electric lighting in the subway stations and tram cars; and an overhead wire structure instead of a third-rail system for power".

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The government of Austria, which had ruled the monarchy until 1867, became the government of the Austrian part, and another government was formed for the Hungarian part. The common government (officially designated Ministerial Council for Common Affairs, or

3674:

Austria–Hungary held on for years, as the Hungarian half provided sufficient supplies for the military to continue to wage war. This was shown in a transition of power after which the Hungarian prime minister, Count István Tisza, and foreign minister, Count

2985:

This treaty sparked an international uproar that almost resulted in a general European war. Austria–Hungary and Britain feared that a large Bulgaria would become a Russian satellite that would enable the tsar to dominate the Balkans. British prime minister

3734:

and two days later Emperor Karl I issued a proclamation ("Imperial Manifesto of 16 October 1918") altering the empire into a federal union to give ethnic groups decentralization and representation. However, on 18 October, United States Secretary of State

2859:

started to negotiate the new laws to be accepted on 30 March. However, Hungarian leaders received word that the Emperor's formal coronation as King of Hungary on 8 June had to have taken place in order for the laws to be enacted within the lands of the

7226:

He was photographed on the way to the station and the photograph has been reproduced many times in books and articles, claiming to depict the arrest of Gavrilo Princip. But there is no photograph of Gavro's arrest – this photograph shows the arrest of

7438:

Ladislaus Count von Szögyény-Marich (Berlin) to Leopold Count von Berchtold (5 July 1914), in Ludwig Bittner, et al., eds., Österreich-Ungarns Aussenpolitik von der Bosnischen Krise 1908 bis zum Kriegsausbruch 1914 . 8 vols, Vienna, 1930, vol. 8, no.

4763:, led to an even more rapid economic growth throughout Austria–Hungary by the early 20th century. However, since the turn of the twentieth century, the Austrian half of the Monarchy could preserve its dominance within the empire in the sectors of the 3782:

By the end of October, there was nothing left of the Habsburg realm but its majority-German Danubian and Alpine provinces, and Karl's authority was being challenged even there by the German-Austrian state council. Karl's last Austrian prime minister,

4015:") in school, office and public life, is recognized by the state. In those territories in which several races dwell, the public and educational institutions are to be so arranged that, without applying compulsion to learn a second country language (" 3045:

rather than attaching it to either territorial government. The annexation in 1908 led some in Vienna to contemplate combining Bosnia and Herzegovina with Croatia to form a third Slavic component of the monarchy. The deaths of Franz Joseph's brother,

5419:, refused his cooperation. Soon afterward, the Hungarian government nullified the Pragmatic Sanction, effectively dethroning the Habsburgs. Subsequently, the British took custody of Karl and removed him and his family to the Portuguese island of 6255:

is not firmly defined, and depending on the interpretation, some territories may be included or excluded from it; this holds for parts of Austria–Hungary as well, although the historical interpretation clearly places the monarchy in Central

9791:

Tramways in Poland (including Galicia), Book: Arkadiusz Kołoś, Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej: Rozwój przestrzenny a współczesne funkcjonowanie miejskiego transportu szynowego w Polsce (page:

3233:, expecting Serbia would never accept. When Serbia accepted nine of the ten demands but only partially accepted the remaining one, Austria–Hungary declared war. Franz Joseph I finally followed the urgent counsel of his top advisers. 146: 11582: 5773:

The following present-day countries and parts of countries were within the boundaries of Austria–Hungary when the empire was dissolved. Some other provinces of Europe had been part of the Habsburg monarchy at one time before 1867.

3590:

was formed. Italy also enjoyed support by the Entente powers: by 1918, large amounts of war materials and a few auxiliary American, British, and French divisions arrived in the Italian battle zone. Cadorna was replaced by General

4754:

became predominant within the empire and made up a large proportion of the export to the rest of Europe. Meanwhile, western areas, concentrated mainly around Prague and Vienna, excelled in various manufacturing industries. This

147: 3294:

The Austro-Hungarian Empire conscripted 7.8 million soldiers during WWI. General von Hötzendorf was the Chief of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff. Franz Joseph I, who was much too old to command the army, appointed

3925:

units and deepened by the advent to power in Budapest in April 1906 of a Hungarian nationalist coalition. Provisional renewals of the common arrangements occurred in October 1907 and in November 1917 on the basis of the

4745:

However, by the end of the 19th century, economic differences gradually began to even out as economic growth in the eastern parts of the monarchy consistently surpassed that in the western. The strong agriculture and

3650:. In 1917, after several defensive victories (managing to stop the German-Austro-Hungarian advance), with Russia's withdrawal from the war following the October Revolution, Romania was forced to drop out of the war. 3147:, excessively intensified the existing traditional religion-based ethnic hostilities in Bosnia. However, in Sarajevo itself, Austrian authorities encouraged violence against the Serb residents, which resulted in the 12752: 5168:" strait the Prigrada rock was the most important obstacle until 1896: the river widened considerably here and the water level was consequently low. Upstream, the Greben rock near the "Kazan" gorge was notorious. 7329:... Andric describes the "Sarajevo frenzy of hate" that erupted among Muslims, Catholics, and Orthodox believers following the assassination on June 28, 1914, of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo ... 1208:: 5 corona, 1908 – the bust of Franz Joseph I facing right surrounded by the legend "Franciscus Iosephus I, Dei gratia, imperator Austriae, rex Bohemiae, Galiciae, Illyriae et cetera et apostolicus rex Hungariae" 9374:

Commercial Relations of the United States: Reports from the Consuls of the United States on the Commerce, Manufactures, Etc., of Their Consular Districts. Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1881 (page:

3755:

Czechoslovakia) and followed up in other major cities in the next few days. On 30 October, the Slovaks did the same. On 29 October, the Slavs in both portions of what remained of Austria–Hungary proclaimed the

3220:

His Majesty authorized me to report to that in this case, too, we could count on Germany's full support. As mentioned, he first had to consult with the Chancellor, but he did not have the slightest doubt that

2844:(of which the Habsburg emperor was the hereditary president) and the exclusion of Austria from German affairs. These twin defeats gave the Hungarians the opportunity to remove the shackles of absolutist rule. 5201:(12,567 t) of the Austro-Americana company was the largest passenger ship ever built in Austria. Because of its control over the coast of much of the Balkans, Austria–Hungary had access to several seaports. 9747:

István Tisza and László Kovács: A magyar állami, magán- és helyiérdekű vasúttársaságok fejlődése 1876–1900 között, Magyar Vasúttörténet 2. kötet. Budapest: Közlekedési Dokumentációs Kft., 58–59, 83–84. o.

9329:

Schulze, Max-Stephan. Patterns of growth and stagnation in the late nineteenth century Habsburg economy, pp. 337-338. European Review of Economic History. 2000;4(3):311-340. doi:10.1017/S1361491600000095

2813:

military assistance, and the level of autonomy that the Hungarian state had enjoyed was replaced with absolutist rule from Vienna. This further increased Hungarian resentment of the Habsburg dominion.

7623:

Keleher, Edward P. (1992). "Emperor Karl and the Sixtus Affair: Politico-Nationalist Repercussions in the Reich German and Austro-German Camps, and the Disintegration of Habsburg Austria, 1916–1918".

3229:

The leaders of Austria–Hungary therefore decided to confront Serbia militarily before it could incite a revolt; using the assassination as an excuse, they presented a list of ten demands called the

12767: 12762: 12757: 12747: 11546: 5277:

in the monarch, who had the power to take all measures regarding the whole army. In practice, the emperor's nephew Archduke Albrecht was his chief military advisor and made the policy decisions.

3578:

using new infiltration tactics; although they advanced more than 100 km (62.14 mi) in the direction of Venice and gained considerable supplies, they were halted and could not cross the

9428: 3160:

and extradited approximately 5,500 prominent Serbs, 700 to 2,200 of whom died in prison. Four hundred sixty Serbs were sentenced to death and a predominantly Muslim special militia known as the

12818: 8917: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 3315:

Austro-Hungarian Empire had also more industrialized economy and higher GDP per capita than the Kingdom of Italy, which was economically the far most developed actual opponent of the Empire.

4058:

gave Czech equal standing with German in the internal government of Bohemia; this led to a crisis because of nationalist German agitation throughout the empire. The Crown dismissed Badeni.

4009:

All races of the empire have equal rights, and every race has an inviolable right to the preservation and use of its own nationality and language. The equality of all customary languages ("

11579: 2847:

Realizing the need to compromise with Hungary in order to retain its great power status, the central government in Vienna began negotiations with the Hungarian political leaders, led by

9939: 4685:

The heavily rural Austro-Hungarian economy slowly modernised after 1867. Railroads opened up once-remote areas, and cities grew. Many small firms promoted capitalist way of production.

5375:, became regent, but was forced to stand down after only two weeks when it became apparent the Allies would not recognise him. Finally, in March 1920, royal powers were entrusted to a 11616: 7598: 5412: 5387:

of the Austro-Hungarian Navy and had helped organize the counter-revolutionary forces. It was this government that signed the Treaty of Trianon under protest on 4 June 1920 at the

7040: 4266:

showed their support, but the Croat ones opposed it and tried to show that the Istro-Romanians were in fact Slavs. During Austro-Hungarian rule, the Istro-Romanians lived under

3743:

had joined the Allies on 14 October. The South Slavs in both halves of the monarchy had already declared in favor of uniting with Serbia in a large South Slav state in the 1917

12112: 11627:

In the Twilight of Empire. Count Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal (1854–1912): Imperial Habsburg Patriot and Statesman. Vol. 2: From Foreign Minister in Waiting to de facto Chancellor

10329: 9338:

Schulze, Max-Stephan. Austria-Hungary’s economy in World War I, p. 79. In: Broadberry S, Harrison M, eds. The Economics of World War I. Cambridge University Press; 2005:77-111.

4344:

and escalate out of control. The antisemitic parties remained on the periphery of the political sphere due to their low popularity among voters in the parliamentary elections.

7363: 3225:

would fully agree with him, particularly with regard to action on our part against Serbia. In his opinion, though, there was no need to wait patiently before taking action...

7427:... arrested and interned some 5.500 prominent Serbs and sentenced to death some 460 persons, a new Schutzkorps, an auxiliary militia, widened the anti-Serb repression. 81: 6856: 12018: 3461:

ending the World War I, in spite of the previous initial total dependence of the kingdom on its sponsors, it ultimately served against their intentions as the cornerstone

4564:

in Pécs in 1367. Sigismund established a university at Óbuda in 1395. Another, Universitas Istropolitana, was established 1465 in Pozsony (now Bratislava in Slovakia) by

4771:, in these modern sectors of the second industrial revolution (like machine building industry and electric industry) the Austrian competition could not become dominant. 2877: 12102: 4357:

and rural areas in Hungary and Bohemia; however, they had large communities and even local majorities in the downtown districts of Vienna, Budapest, Prague, Kraków and

939: 893: 518: 3323:

another six percent. Compared all the major countries in the war, the death and casualty rate was toward the high-end regarding the present-day territory of Austria.

12468: 10618: 9862: 9177: 3026:

region was under Austro-Hungarian occupation between 1878 and 1909, when it was returned to the Ottoman Empire, before being ultimately divided between kingdoms of

13522: 10299: 8827: 8572: 17549: 4382: 4150:

The language disputes were most fiercely fought in Bohemia, where the Czech speakers formed a majority and sought equal status for their language to German. The

18602: 12708: 5284:

was mainly a coast defence force, and also included a flotilla of monitors for the Danube. It was administered by the naval department of the ministry of war.

10413:

Virtually the entire population of what remained of Hungary regarded the Treaty of Trianon as manifestly unfair, and agitation for revision began immediately.

8543:

Günther Kronenbitter: "Krieg im Frieden". Die Führung der k.u.k. Armee und die Großmachtpolitik Österreich-Ungarns 1906–1914. Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 2003,

5646:, which had formerly looked to Vienna for protection and whose ruling house held sizable real estate in Cisleithania, formed a customs and defense union with 4222:

previous year. In spite of nominal autonomy, the Croatian government was an economic and administrative part of Hungary, which the Croatians resented. In the

3751:. The Croatians had begun disregarding orders from Budapest earlier in October. Lansing's response was, in effect, the death certificate of Austria–Hungary. 13123: 11775: 5765: 5507: 4378: 3038: 2957:

as early as 1879 and were commended for their bravery in service of the Austrian emperor, being awarded more medals than any other unit. The military march "

2864:. On 28 July, Franz Joseph, in his new capacity as King of Hungary, approved and promulgated the new laws, which officially gave birth to the Dual Monarchy. 132: 11235: 9643:

See the above cited book: Stephen Broadberry and Kevin H. O'Rourke: The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present, page: 80

9085: 6500: 3085: 1781: 476: 11543: 9491: 2990:

moved warships into position against Russia to halt the advance of Russian influence in the eastern Mediterranean so close to Britain's route through the

18592: 18037: 15792: 9756:(1996)(English: The development of Hungarian private and state owned commuter railway companies between 1876 – 1900, Hungarian railway History Volume II. 6154: 3939: 3568: 367: 11991:

HABSBURG is an email discussion list dealing with the culture and history of the Habsburg monarchy and its successor states in central Europe since 1500

9137: 18607: 13437: 11922: 7062: 5757: 5654:– the westernmost province of Austria – voted by a large majority to join Switzerland; however, both the Swiss and the Allies disregarded this result. 5148:

by a canal from Vienna to Trieste. It was born from the desire of Austria–Hungary to have a direct link to the Adriatic Sea but was never constructed.

4112:

The following years saw official recognition of several languages, at least in Austria. Since 1867, laws awarded Croatian equal status with Italian in

3058:, heir to the throne. The Archduke was rumoured to have been an advocate for this trialism as a means to limit the power of the Hungarian aristocracy. 13161: 10251: 8277: 4789:

The first telegraph connection (Vienna—Brno—Prague) had started operation in 1847. In Hungarian territory the first telegraph stations were opened in

12127: 8397: 1084:

One of Europe's major powers at the time, Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe and the third-most populous (after

11938: 12782: 12011: 7965: 2058: 13268: 8911: 6629: 4135:. This led to the further closing of minority schools, devoted mostly to the Slovak and Rusyn languages. The two kingdoms sometimes divided their 12640: 12132: 12122: 11220: 6042: 4560:

In the year 1276, the university of Veszprém was destroyed by the troops of Péter Csák and it was never rebuilt. A university was established by

3898: 3638:). Within three months of the war, the Central Powers came near Bucharest, the Romanian capital city. On 6 December, the Central Powers captured 2268: 1128: 1093: 219: 206: 11871: 11120: 6347: 3014:

largely because of Italy's imperial rivalries with France. Tensions between Russia and Austria–Hungary remained high, so Bismarck replaced the

14258: 9931: 9274: 8748: 4864:

By 1913, the combined length of the railway tracks of the Austrian Empire and Kingdom of Hungary reached 43,280 kilometres (26,890 miles). In

4214:). The Romanians and the Serbs began to agitate for union with their fellow nationalists and language speakers in the newly founded states of 12461: 12107: 9722: 3344:

At the start of the war, the army was divided into two: the smaller part attacked Serbia while the larger part fought against the formidable

3097: 1786: 11613: 7567: 3037:

On the heels of the Great Balkan Crisis, Austro-Hungarian forces occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina in August 1878 and the monarchy eventually

18222: 17725: 16597: 16425: 16340: 16079: 9882: 2775: 2523: 2363: 2288: 2000: 9220: 7255:

Following the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in June 1914, Catholic Croats and Muslims in Sarajevo joined forces in an anti-Serb pogrom.

4801:

in 1848. The first telegraph connection between Vienna and Pest–Buda (later Budapest) was constructed in 1850, and Vienna–Zagreb in 1850.

2911:

of France and Italy for an anti-Prussian alliance, but no terms could be reached. The decisive victory of the Prusso-German armies in the

1058:

between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consisted of two sovereign states with a single monarch who was titled both

13512: 12004: 11969:

Mangham, Arthur Neal. The Social Bases of Austrian Politics: The German Electoral Districts of Cisleithania, 1900–1914. Ph.D. thesis 1974

7879: 6169: 11841: 11514:

Kapp, Richard W. (1984). "Divided Loyalties: The German Reich and Austria–Hungary in Austro-German Discussions of War Aims, 1914–1916".

10260: 10040: 9402: 8033:

The Beginning of Futility: Diplomatic, Political, Military and Naval Events on the Austro-Italian Front in the First World War 1914–1917

7032: 6751: 6687: 6482:

1910. ÉVI NÉPSZÁMLÁLÁS 1. A népesség főbb adatai községek és népesebb puszták, telepek szerint (1912) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana

6449: 6320: 4054:

languages, as well as in the "dominant" languages—Hungarian and German. By the "Ordinance of 5 April 1897", the Austrian Prime Minister

13188: 12701: 11957: 7453: 3200:, had wanted to confront the resurgent Serbian nation for some years in a preventive war, but the Emperor and Hungarian prime minister 2798: 2128: 9765:

Tramways in Austria: Book: Buckley, Richard (2000). Tramways and Light Railways of Switzerland and Austria (2nd edition), pp. 129–135

9194: 7372:, p. 485, The Bosnian wartime militia (Schutzkorps), which became known for its persecution of Serbs, was overwhelmingly Muslim.. 4312:

Around 1900, Jews numbered about two million in the whole territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; their position was ambiguous. The

18612: 13116: 10321: 9591: 7096: 3112: 2932: 2915:

and the subsequent founding of the German Empire ended all hope of re-establishing Austrian influence in Germany, and Beust retired.

2907:, who had repeatedly outmaneuvered him. Beust looked to France for avenging Austria's defeat and attempted to negotiate with Emperor 1852: 10418: 18552: 18000: 17657: 16494: 15401: 12454: 11475:

The Habsburg Empire in World War I: Essays on the Intellectual, Military, Political and Economic Aspects of the Habsburg War Effort

10063: 9810:

Tramways in Croatia: Book: Vlado Puljiz, Gojko Bežovan, Teo Matković, dr. Zoran Šućur, Siniša Zrinščak: Socijalna politika Hrvatske

7755:

The Habsburg Empire in World War I: Essays on the Intellectual, Military, Political and Economic Aspects of the Habsburg War Effort

1342:

From 1867 onwards, the abbreviations heading the names of official institutions in Austria–Hungary reflected their responsibility:

18454: 16812: 15658: 13198: 12959: 12792: 12787: 12777: 12772: 12742: 12270: 10089: 8777: 6941: 6848: 6149: 3116: 2503: 13371: 11599: 11325:

Craig, Gordon A. (1965). "The World War I Alliance of the Central Powers in Retrospect: The Military Cohesion of the Alliance".

10351: 9616:

HT Muzej (Croatian Telecom Museum): '125 godina telefonije u Hrvatskoj' (125 years of Telephony in Croatia), Zagreb 2006., P.-2,

8605:"Staatsgrundgesetz über die allgemeinen Rechte und Staatsbürger für die im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder (1867)" 8468: 3571:, Germans and Austrians were able to move on the Western and Southern fronts much manpower from the erstwhile Eastern fighting. 3534:

took place over five months (23 June – 2 December 1915). The fight was extremely bloody and exhausting for both the contenders.

928: 882: 18597: 16084: 13324: 12672: 12371: 12066: 12046: 11104:

Banking and industrialization in Austria-Hungary: the role of banks in the industrialization of the Czech crownlands, 1873–1914

8693: 8123: 6115: 5604: 5461: 5445: 5344: 4725: 2173: 754: 11976: 11019: 10119: 9824: 9362:

Engineering and Economic Growth: The Development of Austria–Hungary's Machine-Building Industry in the Late Nineteenth Century

8608: 6523:

Engineering and Economic Growth: The Development of Austria–Hungary's Machine-Building Industry in the Late Nineteenth Century

4463: 17730: 16864: 16419: 15211: 14593: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 12893: 12888: 12883: 12878: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12848: 12843: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12694: 11802: 11565: 11504: 11315: 11198: 11005: 10925: 10862: 10693: 10670: 10643: 10612: 10478: 10394: 9977: 9732: 9685: 9661: 9564: 9438: 9396: 9257: 8969: 8872: 8742: 8478: 8445: 8200: 8171: 8040: 8000: 7915: 7887: 7855: 7830: 7805: 7780: 7714: 7655: 7420: 7395: 7354: 7315: 7248: 7219: 7194: 6991: 6761: 6159: 5585: 3006:

Anxious about Balkan instability and Russian aggression, and to counter French interests in Europe, Austria–Hungary forged a

2353: 2238: 1092:). The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine-building industry in the world. With the exception of the territory of the 16829: 13552: 10400: 8707: 8522: 8361: 8077: 7273: 4435: 3551:. The Italians managed to resist and in a counteroffensive seized Gorizia on 9 August. Nonetheless, they had to stop on the 177: 18587: 18562: 18044: 16049: 15746: 15633: 13795: 13109: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12400: 11376: 9675: 4231: 3763:. On the same day, the Czechs and Slovaks formally proclaimed the establishment of Czechoslovakia as an independent state. 3205: 1923: 1079: 15117: 10720: 6599: 6287: 3770:

voted in favour of terminating the union with Austria. The most prominent opponent of continued union with Austria, Count

3197: 18572: 17939: 17891: 17881: 17317: 15613: 13845: 13542: 13329: 13092: 12277: 12153: 9247: 8816: 8314: 5615: 5577: 5523:

The following states were formed, re-established or expanded at the dissolution of the former Austro–Hungarian monarchy:

4090: 3826: 3756: 3296: 3055: 2413: 1529: 1311: 1116: 1071: 974: 649: 612: 250: 215: 196: 18508: 17803: 11962: 11066: 10291: 8579: 18582: 18577: 18068: 17798: 17760: 17720: 17710: 17705: 17322: 15653: 15263: 14263: 13691: 13634: 13532: 13319: 12322: 12239: 12234: 9160:

Imperial Lineages and Legacies in the Eastern Mediterranean: Recording the Imprint of Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Rule

8306:

Through the Prism of the Habsburg Monarchy: Hungary in American Diplomacy and Public Opinion During the First World War

7687: 5635: 5549: 5545: 5396: 5365: 5336: 5250: 4442: 2817: 2692: 2483: 2463: 2328: 2203: 2163: 1159: 914: 10141: 9962: 9581:

Museum of Moslavina Kutina, Jasmina Uroda Kutlić: 'Telefon – čudo Novoga vijeka' (Telephone the miracle of Modern era)

3259: 18480: 18265: 18140: 18054: 17944: 17670: 16587: 13907: 13755: 13485: 13413: 13176: 11928: 11483: 11462: 11050: 10819: 10533: 10514: 10451: 9770: 9753: 9521: 9167: 9111: 9062: 8701: 8642:

Wank, Solomon; Jelavich, Barbara (1980). "The Impact of the Dual Alliance on the Germans in Austria and Vice-Versa".

8548: 8516: 8508: 8355: 8071: 6727: 6706: 6701:

Manuscript of Franz Joseph I. – Stephan Vajda, Felix Austria. Eine Geschichte Österreichs, Ueberreuter 1980, Vienna,

6570: 6144: 5600: 5372: 5156:

In 1831 a plan had already been drafted to make the passage navigable, at the initiative of the Hungarian politician

5134: 5098: 4482: 3254: 2975: 1511:) in its international relations. It was often contracted to the "Dual Monarchy" in English or simply referred to as 1480: 1124: 9538: 18165: 18020: 17785: 17132: 13365: 13348: 13334: 12524: 12352: 6174: 5705: 5572: 5356:

natural resources. The Hungarian Democratic Republic was short-lived and was temporarily replaced by the communist

4847: 4416: 4354: 4321: 4301: 4121: 3949: 2768: 2193: 1993: 1933: 1710: 11772: 5205: 3739:

replied that autonomy for the nationalities – the tenth of the Fourteen Points – was no longer enough. In fact, a

3712:

envisaged the Habsburg Empire as being made up of five Kingdoms, in a last desperate attempt to save the Monarchy.

3397:, an auxiliary military formation within the Austro-Hungarian army. The Austro-Hungarian Army was defeated at the 16530: 16074: 14889: 13840: 12632: 12420: 11266: 9314: 5638:; all were ultimately absorbed mostly into Poland, but also into Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia. 5415:

collapsed. The initially wavering Horthy, after receiving threats of intervention from the Allied Powers and the

4449: 3132: 3051: 2994:. The Treaty of San Stefano was seen in Austria as much too favourable for Russia and its Orthodox-Slavic goals. 2821: 2672: 1464: 798: 701: 111: 88: 14051: 9909: 9089: 6496: 3406: 17813: 17775: 17109: 16612: 15892: 15608: 13830: 13564: 13227: 12415: 12027: 9487: 5619: 4513: 4420: 4238:

who during his short reign supported the trialist idea only to be vetoed by the Hungarian government and Count

3717: 3339: 3241:

initially remained neutral, despite its alliance with Austria–Hungary. In 1915, it switched to the side of the

2950: 2797:

in 1718, all former territories of the Hungarian kingdom were ceded from the Ottomans to the Habsburgs. In the

2727: 2687: 2568: 2433: 1948: 1908: 1893: 1151: 13604: 13590: 9801:

History of Public Transport in Hungary. Book: Zsuzsa Frisnyák: A magyarországi közlekedés krónikája, 1750–2000

9221:"Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem (Budapest University of Technology and Economics) — moveonnet" 3726:

On 14 October 1918, Foreign Minister Baron István Burián von Rajecz asked for an armistice based on President

3599:(15–23 June 1918), in which some 60,000 Austrian and 43,000 Italian soldiers were killed. The final battle at 3169: 18399: 18389: 18155: 16946: 15802: 15623: 15327: 13132: 12549: 11918: 11075:. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. pp. 313–343. 10171: 9129: 7066: 6543: 5332: 5240: 3804: 3792: 3458: 3434: 3394: 3222: 2900: 2637: 2318: 2118: 1913: 1897: 495: 390: 20: 9158:

Strauss, Johann. "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire" (Chapter 7). In: Murphey, Rhoads (editor).

4431: 4242:. The count finally signed the trialist proclamation after heavy pressure from the king on 23 October 1918. 18245: 18117: 17990: 17780: 17735: 17650: 17600: 16582: 16570: 16089: 15782: 15699: 15521: 15394: 15322: 15206: 13585: 13183: 11739:

Deak, John (2014). "The Great War and the Forgotten Realm: The Habsburg Monarchy and the First World War".

8281: 6098:

The Empire treated Bosnia-Herzegovina in much the same way the other powers treated their overseas colonies

4931:(1905); Unterlach, Ybbs an der Donau (1907); Salzburg (1909); Klagenfurt, Sankt Pölten (1911); Piran (1912) 4768: 4665:

banknote of the Dual Monarchy, using all official and recognized languages (the reverse side was Hungarian)

4168: 3988: 3966: 3015: 2958: 2806: 2578: 2383: 1965: 1943: 1096:, the Empire of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary were separate sovereign countries in international law. 607: 17901: 12686: 11368:

Deak, John, and Jonathan E. Gumz. "How to Break a State: The Habsburg Monarchy's Internal War, 1914–1918"

9906:"UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage Committee Inscribes 9 New Sites on the World Heritage List" 8394: 6480: 3453:. The origin of that document was the dire need to draft new recruits from German-occupied Poland for the 3319:

the diverse nationalities gave up on the Empire and looked for ways to establish their own nation states.

18449: 18439: 18394: 18189: 18032: 17906: 17808: 17463: 17377: 17272: 17187: 17104: 16602: 16474: 16329: 15826: 15581: 15332: 14369: 13232: 13203: 12609: 12405: 12302: 12191: 8063: 7903: 7563: 7537: 6878:

Schmitt, Hans A. (1968). "Count Beust and Germany, 1866–1870: Reconquest, Realignment, or Resignation?".

5761: 5554: 4760: 4735: 4332:. Antisemitic parties and movements existed, but the governments of Vienna and Budapest did not initiate 4227: 4223: 3945: 3693: 3560: 3507: 3489: 3386: 3369: 3174: 3148: 2833: 2761: 2697: 2682: 2038: 2018: 1986: 1953: 1928: 1918: 1903: 1539: 1422: 1325:

Die im Reichsrat vertretenen Königreiche und Länder und die Länder der Heiligen Ungarischen Stephanskrone

1174: 1120: 946: 422: 289: 12260: 11112:

Sauer, Walter. "Habsburg Colonial: Austria-Hungary's Role in European Overseas Expansion Reconsidered",

7969: 2848: 18567: 18326: 18319: 18285: 18010: 17949: 17917: 17828: 17715: 17610: 17525: 17114: 17012: 15971: 15966: 15956: 15719: 15536: 13237: 12734: 12664: 12410: 12186: 12181: 12163: 12071: 6621: 5982:

were not part of Hungary proper, the latter two were part of the sovereign Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia)

4652: 4533: 4171:, hitherto dominated by German speakers, was divided into German and Czech-speaking faculties in 1882. 4055: 3910: 3883: 3830: 3788: 3616: 3390: 3267: 3213: 2825: 2667: 2213: 1804: 1612: 900: 727: 586: 572: 17302: 13745: 12542: 11071: 8417: 7946:

Banac, Ivo (1992). "'Emperor Karl Has Become a Comitadji': The Croatian Disturbances of Autumn 1918".

6789: 6677: 6342: 4826: 3469:, the latter composed also of territories never intended by the Central Powers to be ceded to Poland. 3389:, the war started out equally poorly. The government accepted the Polish proposal of establishing the 18617: 18063: 18027: 17931: 17770: 17580: 17267: 17202: 17192: 17177: 16512: 16459: 16369: 15684: 15643: 15603: 15290: 14438: 14002: 13735: 13537: 13398: 13242: 13171: 12229: 12092: 11868: 10736:

Armour, Ian D. (2009). "Apple of Discord: Austria-Hungary, Serbia and the Bosnian Question 1867-71".

10356: 7286:... the assassination was followed by officially encouraged anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo ... 6198: 6104: 5853: 5849: 5541: 5357: 4958: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3587: 3503: 3070: 2558: 2453: 2258: 2248: 2063: 1155: 563: 453: 17402: 13166: 11993:, with discussions, syllabi, book reviews, queries, conferences; edited daily by scholars since 1994 11907: 11895:. (ed.: Rudolf Rothaug), K. u. k. Hof-Kartographische Anstalt G. Freytag & Berndt, Vienna, 1911. 11277:

Cornwall, Mark (1992). "News, Rumour and the Control of Information in Austria–Hungary, 1914–1918".

11117: 10207: 10022: 9878: 9281: 6337: 5262: 18547: 18429: 18364: 18230: 18201: 18103: 18098: 18015: 17924: 17750: 17022: 17002: 16967: 16920: 16874: 16226: 16042: 15628: 15551: 15248: 15223: 15073: 14732: 14727: 13825: 12614: 12430: 12395: 12224: 10949: 8798: 8730: 8347: 6128: 5967: 5537: 4851: 4047: 3450: 3010:

with Germany in October 1879 and in May 1882. In October 1882 Italy joined this partnership in the

2717: 2598: 2443: 1824: 740: 95: 11668:

Baedeker, Karl (1906). "Austria–Hungary, Including Dalmatia and Bosnia. Handbook for Travellers".

11137: 10854: 4962: 1055: 18557: 18434: 18313: 18280: 18211: 18175: 18145: 18109: 18005: 17995: 17980: 17855: 17765: 17700: 17643: 16900: 16592: 16575: 16565: 16540: 16384: 16110: 15926: 15916: 15883: 15863: 15853: 15709: 15689: 15638: 15571: 15541: 15387: 15315: 15196: 14737: 14690: 14633: 14332: 14276: 14024: 13278: 13156: 12297: 12208: 11186:

Vermes, Gabor. "The Impact of the Dual Alliance on the Magyars of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy"

11094:

Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present

9305:

Peter F. Sugar, Péter Hanák: A History of Hungary (Publisher: Indiana University Press) Page: 262

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Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present

5531: 5352: 5326: 5297: 5258: 5110: 4702: 4517: 4409: 3473: 3193: 2801:, the Kingdom of Hungary called for greater self-government and later even independence from the 2707: 2647: 2533: 2153: 1870: 1809: 1163: 1051: 821: 427: 352: 18135: 11913: 7307: 3646:, together with the Romanian government, royal court and public authorities, which relocated to 3374: 18275: 17745: 17620: 17535: 17382: 17094: 17027: 16895: 16844: 16776: 16676: 16666: 16464: 16399: 16206: 16135: 15878: 15772: 15726: 15511: 15491: 15337: 15238: 15233: 14921: 14869: 14789: 14722: 14626: 14611: 14504: 14271: 14225: 14066: 13953: 13679: 13622: 13504: 13342: 12557: 12317: 12287: 12196: 11062: 11036:

Austria–Hungary and the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present

9224: 8433:

Austria–Hungary and the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present

6439: 6138: 6049: 5868: 5717: 5560: 5137:(DDSG), was the world's largest inland shipping company until the collapse of Austria-Hungary. 4710: 4662: 4206:

and of Dalmatia (today's Croatia), in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the provinces known as the

3894:) in Cisleithania. Each parliament had its own executive government, appointed by the monarch. 3705: 3466: 3309: 3066: 3047: 3011: 2888: 2829: 2423: 1672: 1178: 960: 829: 10602: 9859: 9386: 9174: 8959: 8192: 7647: 6983: 6560: 4877:

The first Hungarian steam locomotive railway line was opened on 15 July 1846 between Pest and

434: 18444: 18384: 18260: 18240: 17975: 17833: 17605: 17585: 17565: 17428: 17392: 17347: 17292: 17084: 17079: 16854: 16801: 16626: 16535: 16504: 16444: 16394: 16176: 16166: 15868: 15736: 15704: 15268: 15228: 15041: 14916: 13980: 13970: 13929: 13900: 13775: 13496: 13313: 13146: 12312: 12097: 11813: 10557: 10036: 9634:

Thomas Derdak, Adéle Hast: International Directory of Company Histories – Volume 5 – Page 315

8310: 8163: 7387: 7346: 6932:; Wagnleitner, Reinhold F.; Fellner, Fritz; Zöllner, Erich; Ray, Michael (28 November 2023). 6732: 6658: 6565:. European nations Facts on File library of world history. Infobase Publishing. p. 401. 6317: 5898: 5836: 5281: 5246: 5157: 4927:

Austria: Gmunden (1894); Linz, Vienna (1897); Graz (1898); Trieste (1900); Ljubljana (1901);

4835: 4764: 4730: 4525: 4456: 4281: 4251: 4116:. Beginning in 1882, there was a Slovene majority in the Diet of Carniola and in the capital 3918: 3864: 3760: 3531: 3430: 3345: 3122: 3027: 2979: 2954: 2861: 2794: 2662: 1182: 988: 16756: 15156: 13685: 13628: 11814:"Review Article: Nationalism and all that: Reassessing the Habsburg Monarchy and its legacy" 10244:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

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Tramways in Slovakia: Book: Július Bartl: Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon – p. 112

9198: 7413:

Austrian-Greek encounters over the centuries: history, diplomacy, politics, arts, economics

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In 1914, Slavic militants in Bosnia rejected Austria's plan to fully absorb the area; they

2841: 2712: 2373: 2053: 1758: 1743: 1167: 662: 581: 465: 15141: 13750: 12435: 9595: 7092: 3402: 3378: 2922: 8: 18290: 18150: 17963: 17886: 17615: 17560: 17397: 17387: 17372: 17362: 17327: 17257: 17172: 17142: 17089: 16806: 16560: 16555: 16454: 16449: 16216: 16171: 16130: 16035: 15946: 15888: 15838: 15797: 15741: 15672: 15479: 15053: 14933: 14899: 14801: 14621: 14616: 14428: 14147: 14083: 13958: 13943: 13790: 13716: 13703: 13656: 13646: 13598: 12911: 12519: 12158: 11718: 8437: 5832: 5701: 5568: 5213: 5117: 4916: 4136: 3970:

Comparative demographics of Empire of Austria and Kingdom of Hungary in Europe before WW1

3922: 3771: 3575: 3544: 3454: 2912: 2884: 2837: 2732: 2513: 2183: 2098: 1652: 1617: 1336:

A Birodalmi Tanácsban képviselt királyságok és országok és a Magyar Szent Korona országai

1075: 549: 14769: 14759: 13835: 13214: 11131: 11080: 10067: 9088:[The Jews in Hungary in the light of the numbers] (in Hungarian). Archived from 8116:"Review of Torrey, Glenn E., Romania and World War I: A Collection of Studies. HABSBURG" 5963: 5310:: Kingdom of Hungary lost 72% of its land and 3.3 million people of Hungarian ethnicity. 4701:) was opened in 1771 in Vienna, the first stock exchange of the Kingdom of Hungary (the 3393:

as the Polish central authority within the Empire, responsible for the formation of the

2789: 18473: 18404: 18371: 18305: 18255: 18160: 18086: 17896: 17845: 17818: 17678: 17514: 17337: 17332: 17297: 17277: 17252: 17247: 17242: 17237: 17232: 17217: 17212: 17157: 17064: 16910: 16781: 16671: 16651: 16607: 16550: 16545: 16522: 16489: 16479: 16469: 16351: 16002: 15995: 15908: 15807: 15777: 15760: 15546: 15526: 15440: 15422: 15414: 15166: 15146: 15129: 15080: 14945: 14754: 14705: 14638: 14556: 14497: 14492: 14487: 14443: 14413: 14305: 14203: 14071: 14046: 13765: 13390: 12604: 12509: 12499: 12425: 11833: 11756: 11695: 11662: 11531: 11447: 11350: 11342: 11290: 11258: 11156: 11107: 11097: 11087: 11011: 10980: 10970: 10931: 10804: 10761: 10753: 10545: 9430:

Case Studies on Modern European Economy: Entrepreneurship, Inventions, and Institutions

8893: 8735:

Sources on Jewish Self-Government in the Polish Lands from Its Inception to the Present

8222: 7871: 7720: 7694: 7590: 7300: 6929: 6911: 6903: 6392: 6236: 6164: 5986: 5910: 5807: 5751: 5693: 5685: 5497: 4814: 4756: 4561: 4509: 4362: 4102: 4035: 3842: 3809: 3748: 3676: 3527: 3480:, who fought for the independence of Czechoslovakia against the Austro-Hungarian army. 3415: 3411: 3074: 3022:

with Russia to keep the Habsburgs from recklessly starting a war over Pan-Slavism. The

3019: 3007: 2928: 2677: 2657: 2652: 2642: 2493: 2308: 2027: 1814: 1725: 1677: 1583: 1548: 1504: 1360: 1330: 1223: 1186: 1059: 1002: 312: 280: 61: 13770: 11635:

A Mad Catastrophe: The Outbreak of World War I and the Collapse of the Habsburg Empire

11422:

Vienna and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I

10812:

The Last Years of Austria–Hungary: Essays in political and military history, 1908–1918

10588:

The Habsburg monarchy, 1809–1918: a history of the Austrian Empire and Austria–Hungary

10093: 9315:

Publishers' Association, Booksellers Association of Great Britain and Ireland (1930).

8847:

Romania. Recueil trimestriel consacré à l'étude des langes et des littératures romanes

8769: 7933:

Vienna and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I

6933: 6092:, Austro-Hungarian occupied 1878 until withdrawal in 1908 whilst formally part of the 4738:, resulting in 50,000 deaths a year. The Istro-Romanians of Istria were also poor, as 4366: 3759:

and declared that their ultimate intention was to unite with Serbia and Montenegro in

3433:

of Germany and Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary. This act promised the creation of the

18344: 18339: 18235: 18122: 17838: 17755: 17540: 17530: 17493: 17367: 17352: 17227: 17197: 17167: 17162: 17137: 17074: 17069: 17059: 16930: 16879: 16766: 16761: 16484: 16120: 16105: 15921: 15787: 15648: 15576: 15566: 15506: 15430: 15275: 15171: 15107: 15102: 15031: 14928: 14643: 14571: 14566: 14408: 14337: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14110: 14061: 13697: 13640: 12619: 12562: 12529: 12514: 12504: 12365: 12282: 12076: 12056: 11837: 11798: 11760: 11561: 11500: 11494: 11479: 11473: 11458: 11438: 11400: 11354: 11311: 11262: 11046: 11015: 11001: 10935: 10921: 10858: 10825: 10815: 10778: 10765: 10689: 10666: 10639: 10608: 10586: 10529: 10510: 10474: 10473:(in German) (11th ed.). Vienna: Manzsche Verlags- und Universitätsbuchhandlung. 10447: 10390: 10361: 10325: 10193: 10008: 9973: 9766: 9749: 9728: 9681: 9657: 9517: 9434: 9392: 9253: 9163: 8965: 8940: 8868: 8738: 8697: 8544: 8512: 8474: 8441: 8351: 8196: 8167: 8067: 8036: 7996: 7911: 7883: 7851: 7826: 7801: 7776: 7710: 7651: 7594: 7416: 7391: 7350: 7311: 7244: 7215: 7190: 6987: 6915: 6895: 6757: 6723: 6702: 6566: 6526: 6288:"Austro-Hungarian Empire k.u.k. Monarchy dual-monarchic Habsburg Emperors of Austria" 6133: 5876: 5721: 5709: 5697: 5689: 5631: 5581: 5457: 5441: 5348: 5307: 5293: 4690: 4500: 4296: 4277: 4124:

designated Polish instead of German in 1869 as the customary language of government.

4082: 3906: 3784: 3744: 3555:, a few kilometres away from the border. At this point, several months of indecisive 3422: 3398: 3289: 3031: 2987: 2904: 2802: 2588: 2473: 1834: 1748: 1705: 1700: 1682: 1574: 1484: 1147: 1067: 770: 507: 348: 340: 316: 285: 11610:

István Tisza: The Liberal Vision and Conservative Statecraft of a Magyar Nationalist

11596: 11535: 9932:"Budapest's Electric Underground Railway Is Still Running After More Than 120 Years" 9562: 9424: 8115: 7966:"French forces occupy Corfu — History.com This Day in History — 1/11/1916" 7724: 6539: 4374: 4174:

At the same time, Hungarian dominance faced challenges from the local majorities of

4021:"), each of the races receives the necessary means of education in its own language. 3582:

river. Italy, although suffering massive casualties, recovered from the blow, and a

1066:. Austria-Hungary constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the 537: 19:

For the relations of the modern-day sovereign countries of Austria and Hungary, see

18489: 18419: 18414: 18295: 18206: 18127: 17556: 17520: 17438: 17262: 17032: 16977: 16940: 16915: 16905: 16839: 16791: 16721: 16716: 16711: 16706: 16701: 16691: 16686: 16379: 16125: 16011: 15976: 15961: 15951: 15931: 15898: 15848: 15496: 15469: 15124: 14911: 14906: 14862: 14849: 14779: 14747: 14742: 14606: 14601: 14583: 14544: 14477: 14460: 14401: 14391: 14386: 14327: 14283: 14253: 14213: 14196: 14179: 14142: 13893: 13820: 13785: 13208: 13019: 12567: 12390: 12332: 11973: 11825: 11790: 11748: 11690: 11685: 11677: 11523: 11334: 11303: 11286: 11250: 10993: 10987: 10913: 10850: 10745: 10658: 10115: 9820: 8689: 8651: 8604: 8227: 7702: 7582: 6887: 5959: 5725: 5595: 5031: 4565: 4552: 4106: 4086: 4043: 3775: 3643: 3539: 3357: 3143:

The 28 June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in the Bosnian capital,

3042: 2999: 2632: 2298: 1938: 1715: 1662: 1190: 1129:

Bosnia and Herzegovina came under Austro-Hungarian joint military and civilian rule

1016: 714: 344: 336: 332: 324: 320: 164: 139: 13870: 13850: 13661: 13248: 12446: 11194: 9568: 8945:

Studii și Cercetări – Actele Simpozionului "Banat – Istorie și Multiculturalitate"

6793:. Vol. 3 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 116–141. 6061: 5380: 4991: 3526:

river, hoping to seize Ljubljana, and to eventually threaten Vienna. However, the

18424: 18379: 18357: 17850: 17823: 17433: 17182: 17147: 17007: 16997: 16962: 16952: 16935: 16771: 16726: 16641: 16359: 16334: 16181: 15941: 15516: 15342: 15310: 15183: 15151: 15134: 15090: 15085: 15063: 15058: 15016: 15009: 14984: 14839: 14680: 14561: 14455: 14450: 14418: 14243: 14233: 14127: 14120: 14115: 14100: 14056: 13938: 13924: 13865: 13860: 13447: 12810: 12718: 12577: 12572: 12307: 11996: 11980: 11942: 11875: 11779: 11644:

Folly and malice: the Habsburg empire, the Balkans and the start of World War One

11620: 11603: 11586: 11550: 11408: 11380: 11124: 10868: 10833: 10786: 10598: 10581: 10493: 10457: 10384: 9866: 9181: 9162:(Volume 18 of Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Studies). Routledge, 7 July 2016. 8985: 8862: 8683: 8502: 8431: 8401: 8341: 8057: 7706: 7545: 7516: 7267: 6767: 6404: 6324: 6228: 5979: 5872: 5778: 5733: 5729: 5679: 5623: 5590: 5487: 5452: 4678: 4337: 4255: 4133:

after the fourth grade, the pupils could express themselves fluently in Hungarian

4078: 3887: 3879: 3731: 3697:

army's composition of multiple ethnicities with different languages and customs.

3574:

On 24 October 1917, Austrians (now enjoying decisive German support) attacked at

3438: 3152: 3136: 2903:, who was the foreign minister from 1866 to 1871, hated the Prussian chancellor, 2892: 2852: 2702: 2393: 2278: 2108: 1753: 1720: 1496: 1491:

Following a decision of Franz Joseph I in 1868, the realm bore the official name

1363:) was the label for institutions common to both parts of the monarchy, e.g., the 1319: 1213: 1112: 1063: 869: 628: 598: 378: 328: 308: 275: 45: 14764: 13287: 13101: 11933: 11373: 10427:, p. 63, "Through the occupation Austria-Hungary became a colonial power.". 8845: 7508: 5161: 4901: 4698: 3663: 3201: 3041:

as a common holding of Cisleithania and Transleithania under the control of the

18494: 18350: 17575: 17357: 17342: 17307: 17047: 17042: 16925: 16859: 16731: 16389: 16364: 16269: 16186: 16140: 16016: 15714: 15285: 15280: 15243: 15218: 15201: 15112: 15097: 15068: 15026: 14874: 14834: 14829: 14784: 14710: 14670: 14660: 14650: 14465: 14344: 14238: 14105: 13987: 13855: 13810: 13800: 13576: 13425: 13262: 13086: 12596: 12292: 12265: 12148: 11946: 11856:

Sked, Alan. "Explaining the Habsburg Empire, 1830–90." in Pamela Pilbeam, ed.,

11767:

Körner, Axel. "Beyond Nation States: New Perspectives on the Habsburg Empire."

11397:

The economic policy of Austria-Hungary during the war in its external relations

11173: 10712: 9027: 8232: 8217: 6587: 6464: 6388: 6291: 6252: 6093: 6030: 5916: 5883: 5803: 5747: 5627: 5527: 5416: 5322: 5107: 4865: 4856: 4341: 4289: 4259: 4128: 3957: 3902: 3875: 3846: 3740: 3736: 3727: 3556: 3548: 3537:

On 15 May 1916, the Austrian Chief of Staff Conrad von Hötzendorf launched the

3516: 3446: 3242: 3238: 3230: 2978:. With help from Romania and Greece, Russia defeated the Ottomans and with the 2896: 2810: 2751: 1976: 1460: 1414: 1139: 1132: 1085: 675: 356: 304: 118: 13760: 13221: 11891:

Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde an der österreichischen Mittelschulen

11527: 11254: 10829: 10782: 10662: 9782:

Tramways in Czech Republic: Book: Jan Vinař : Historické krovy (page 351)

9677:

The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present

7876:

The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present

7586: 6891: 6057: 4669: 4347:

In that period, the majority of Jews in Austria–Hungary lived in small towns (

4005:), valid only for the Cisleithanian (Austrian) part of Austria–Hungary, said: 3204:

were opposed. The foreign ministry of Austro-Hungarian Empire sent ambassador

18541: 18523: 18510: 18334: 17222: 16987: 16982: 16404: 16262: 16221: 16201: 15935: 15556: 15366: 15253: 15048: 15021: 14994: 14972: 14950: 14717: 14700: 14685: 14529: 14482: 14470: 14396: 14288: 14162: 14157: 14132: 14014: 13509: 13501: 13193: 11829: 10255: 10245: 9700: 8941:"Vlachs from the Island Krk in the Primary Historical and Literature Sources" 8504:

Hungary and the Habsburgs, 1765–1800: An Experiment in Enlightened Absolutism

6899: 6682: 6676: 6444: 6400: 5737: 5713: 5643: 5388: 5227:

The most important seaport for the Hungarian part of the monarchy was Fiume (

4987: 4885: 4747: 4674: 4132: 3953: 3921:. It was triggered by disagreement over which language to use for command in 3899:

Bosnia and Herzegovina came under Austro-Hungarian military and civilian rule

3837:

between the Austrian Empire ("Lands Represented in the Imperial Council", or

3817: 3595:; under his command, the Italians retook the initiative and won the decisive 3579: 3519: 3426: 3277: 3263: 2962: 2936: 2856: 1819: 1201: 1100: 1089: 384: 16751: 14794: 14774: 10895:

What Life Was Like: At Empire's End : Austro-Hungarian Empire 1848–1918

10872: 10790: 10497: 10461: 8655: 7728: 7549: 7241:

Scholar, patriot, mentor: historical essays in honor of Dimitrije Djordjević

6691:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 279–286. 3930:. The negotiations in 1917 ended with the dissolution of the Dual Monarchy. 3642:, and part of the population moved to the unoccupied Romanian territory, in 3156: 2876:

Bosnian Muslim resistance during the battle of Sarajevo in 1878 against the

17312: 16834: 16796: 16696: 16279: 15484: 15447: 15258: 14999: 14989: 14955: 14884: 14879: 14806: 14596: 14578: 14539: 14534: 14514: 14509: 14381: 14374: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14248: 14186: 14167: 14152: 14088: 13805: 13595: 12716: 12486: 11412: 11404: 10997: 10837: 10145: 9983: 9972:. Museum and Galleries of Ljubljana; City Museum of Ljubljana. p. 63. 9724:

History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century

9171: 9104: 7520: 6809:

Hungary's Long Nineteenth Century: Constitutional and Democratic Traditions

6737: 6720:

Die Doppelmonarchie Österreich-Ungarn. Ein politisches Lesebuch (1867–1918)

6217: 6194: 6083: 6082:

between present borders with Croatia (SW) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (NW),

5993: 5890: 5784: 5675: 5408: 5193: 5145: 4706: 4694: 4325: 4317: 4305: 4239: 4179: 4140: 3838: 3592: 3442: 3327: 2908: 1667: 1589: 1418: 1307: 1108: 240: 211: 186: 11307: 10917: 10749: 9058: 6655:

Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States

6327:. New England Publishing Company (Boston), 1888. Retrieved 20 August 2014. 6009: 5669: 5019: 3658: 3181: 2941: 17544: 17053: 16849: 16741: 16736: 16656: 16247: 16231: 14977: 14962: 14811: 14524: 14433: 14423: 14349: 13997: 13992: 13815: 13255: 13151: 10490:

From Sadowa to Sarajevo: the foreign policy of Austria-Hungary, 1866–1914

9534: 8824:

Asociația Transilvană Pentru Literatura Română și Cultura Poporului Român

8770:"Charles University | Czech Republic, 14th Century, Faculty | Britannica" 7768: 6453:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 2–39. 6209: 6079: 5864: 5828: 5650:, and adopted the Swiss currency instead of the Austrian. In April 1919, 5647: 5611: 5564: 5254: 5011: 4739: 4109:

could not be substituted for German as the language of higher education.

4098: 4027: 3974: 3860: 3494: 3462: 3162: 3108: 1205: 1143: 688: 633: 170: 13295: 11794: 10757: 6782: 6497:"Martin Mutschlechner: The Dual Monarchy: two states in a single empire" 6285: 5361: 4941:

Bohemia: Prague (1891); Teplice (1895); Liberec (1897); Ústí nad Labem,

4888:: A set of four electric commuter rai lines were built in Budapest, the 4120:; they replaced German with Slovene as their primary official language. 3859:

in German) formed for the few matters of common national security - the

2722: 18250: 17099: 17037: 16956: 16196: 16161: 15004: 14821: 14695: 14655: 14588: 13708: 13651: 11346: 11043:

Twilight of the Habsburgs: The Life and Times of Emperor Francis Joseph

9704: 9592:"125 godina telefonije u Hrvatskoj (125 years of Telephony in Croatia)" 8218:"Review of Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans during World War I" 6907: 6485:(in Hungarian). Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 1912. p. 17. 6071: 5935: 5793: 5741: 5651: 5302: 5165: 5003: 4897: 4423: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4370: 3961: 3871: 3834: 3062:

In performance of this promise a constitution was promulgated in 1910.

2991: 2970: 2923:

1878–1914: Congress of Berlin, Balkan instability and the Bosnia Crisis

1657: 1635: 1302:), but none of these became widespread either in Hungary or elsewhere. 1123:, an autonomous region under the Hungarian crown, which negotiated the 1104: 11699: 11661:(1915) English translations of official documents to justify the war. 11542:

Kronenbitter, Günther. "Pre-war Military Planning (Austria–Hungary)."

10507:

Bosnien-Herzegowina in der österreichisch-ungarischen Epoche 1878–1918

6438: 6089: 6005: 4893: 4061: 3023: 17458: 17448: 17017: 16324: 16211: 15843: 15561: 14894: 14665: 14549: 14519: 14300: 14174: 13965: 10569: 10264:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 3. 9905: 9514:

Industrielle Revolution in Deutschland. Regionen als Wachstumsmotoren

8304: 6399:

refers to as "Ruthenian"; and Yiddish was the common language of the

6213: 6019: 5949: 5817: 5399:

lost roughly 72% of the pre-war territory of the Kingdom of Hungary.

5269: 5209: 5086: 5027: 4980: 4928: 4790: 4714: 4207: 4175: 4117: 3639: 3621:

On 27 August 1916, Romania declared war against Austria–Hungary. The

1829: 1643: 9388:

God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume II: 1795 to the Present

7111: 7000: 6980:

The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe

6622:"Hungary - Dual Monarchy, Austro-Hungarian Empire, WWI | Britannica" 6387:

s "Rumäni or Wallachian" refers to what is today known as Romanian;

5436: 5102:

The start of construction of the underground in Budapest (1894–1896)

5055: 4767:, but Hungary had a better position in the modern industries of the 4521: 4398: 4039: 3982: 3547:"): the Austrians broke through the opposing front and occupied the 3192:

Some members of the government, such as Minister of Foreign Affairs

17695: 17635: 17595: 17478: 17468: 17287: 16786: 16058: 15474: 15457: 15379: 14295: 14078: 14036: 13975: 12358: 12117: 11968: 11752: 11681: 11558:

The First World War and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914–1918

11338: 8961:

A People Apart: A Political History of the Jews in Europe 1789–1939

8159: 6075: 6023: 5975: 5945: 5929: 5902: 5824: 5813: 5051: 5047: 5007: 4830:

A stentor reading the day's news in the Telefonhírmondó of Budapest

4751: 4313: 4263: 4191: 4113: 4094: 3631: 3349: 3144: 2946: 2816:

In the 1860s, the Empire faced two severe defeats: its loss in the

1639: 1607: 1597: 246: 9245: 7123: 7073: 6065: 4942: 4336:

or implement official antisemitic policies. They feared that such

4160: 3185: 17666: 17488: 17443: 17418: 16972: 16681: 16299: 16252: 16191: 16115: 16069: 15452: 15410: 14208: 14137: 14093: 13948: 11990: 11710:(1940), pp. 103–159 summarizes memoirs of major participants 10167: 9709:

The Industrial Revolution in National Context: Europe and the USA

8156:

Culture and Customs of Hungary, Cultures and Customs of the World

6141:, a form of administration adopted by the Austro-Hungarian Empire 6053: 5997: 5955: 5924: 5842: 5420: 5384: 5074: 5015: 4973: 4954: 4946: 4860:

Detailed railway map of Austrian and Hungarian railways from 1911

4349: 4333: 4267: 4215: 4203: 4187: 3635: 3627: 3209: 2872: 2608: 1875: 1593: 1559: 412: 396: 14009: 11236:"Silent War and Bitter Peace: The Revolution of 1918 in Austria" 10977:

The Development of the Economies of Continental Europe 1850–1914

10944:

The Austrian Mind: An Intellectual and Social History, 1848–1938

10802:. Glasgow: Fontana Economic History of Europe. pp. 228–278. 9625:

Telephone History Institute: Telecom History – Issue 1 – Page 14

9563:

Dániel Szabó; Zoltán Fónagy; István Szathmári; Tünde Császtvay.

7775:. (CUP Archive)London: Cambridge University Press. p. 479. 6034: 5059: 4889: 4358: 4285: 3647: 17570: 17483: 16746: 16646: 16289: 16145: 15462: 14041: 13916: 13479: 10847:

Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs: Central Europe c.1683–1867

9565:"Kettős kötődés : Az Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia (1867–1918)" 9453:

Paula Sutter Fichtner: Historical Dictionary of Austria (p. 69)

8864:

O istorie a Românilor din Peninsula Balcanică: secolul XVIII-XX

6928: 6015: 5939: 5797: 5376: 5335:(which after a few other short-lived intermediaries became the 5228: 5141: 5114: 5082: 5078: 5043: 5039: 5023: 4905: 4329: 4211: 4195: 4156: 4151: 4085:

of the Empire, but the Germans had difficulty in accepting the

3523: 3499: 3139:, although some believe it depicts Ferdinand Behr, a bystander. 2088: 1601: 236: 11221:

Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I § Further reading

7384:

Unholy Terror: Bosnia, Al-Qa'ida, and the Rise of Global Jihad

5893:, the coast and the immediate hinterland around the cities of 5140:

In 1900 the engineer C. Wagenführer drew up plans to link the

4878: 4657: 4030:(part of Bohemia), looked to Berlin in the new German Empire. 3905:

with the Great Powers and Austria-Hungary's Balkan neighbors,

1146:, which began with an Austro-Hungarian war declaration on the 16027: 15435: 14675: 13489: 13472: 13465: 13458: 13441: 13431: 9727:(in Hungarian). University of California Press. p. 152. 9280:. Ryeson Polytechnical Institute. p. 216. Archived from 8990:

The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad

6111: 6064:

including the immediate surrounding area west of the city of

6001: 5894: 5177: 5066: 5035: 4969: 4718: 4199: 4183: 3552: 3353: 3155:

killed two and damaged numerous Serb-owned buildings. Writer

3069:

of 1908-09 were the foreign ministers of Austria and Russia,

2788:

Following Hungary's defeat against the Ottoman Empire in the

1647: 1579: 1080:

Hungary terminated the union with Austria on 31 October 1918.

402: 11952: 10682:

Studije iz pravne povijesti Bosne i Hercegovine: 1878 - 1941

10636:

Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria–Hungary at War, 1914–1918

10382: 9821:"Trams and Tramways in Romania – Timișoara, Arad, Bucharest" 8257: 8255: 4163:(while retaining a slight numerical majority in the city of 3700: 3603:

was lost by 31 October 1918 and the armistice was signed at

17453: 16294: 16284: 16274: 16257: 13451: 11985: 10444:

A Diplomatic History of Europe Since the Congress of Vienna

7238: 6545:

Az 1867-iki (i.e. ezernyolcszázhatvanhetediki) kiegyezésről

5121: 5070: 4950: 4935: 4798: 4556:

Literacy in Hungary by counties in 1910 (excluding Croatia)

4164: 2068: 1185:, respectively, and most of the territorial demands of the 13885: 11431:

The First World War: Germany and Austria–Hungary 1914–1918

10528:(in German) (2nd ed.). Vienna: Böhlau Studienbücher. 9008: 8996: 8565: 6416:

Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde, 1911, Tabelle 3.

6376:"Romani" refers to the language of those described by the 3166:

was established and carried out the persecution of Serbs.

1308:

The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council

1305:

The realm's full name used in internal administration was

11910:

at the International Encyclopedia of the First World War.

11228:

For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619–1918

10960:

The Dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1867–1918

9584: 8670:

A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change, Routledge

8376: 8321: 8252: 8189:

For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619-1918

7532: 7530: 7153: 4508:

The first university in the Austrian half of the Empire (

4271: 4155:

and became a minority to Czech speakers in the cities of

3418:, and it caused an economic crash in the Russian Empire. 1483:, the only official language in Croatia and Slavonia was 11986:

Oldphoto.info – Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Army

9903: 7993:

Italian foreign policy in the interwar period, 1918–1940

5128: 4516:

in Prague in 1347, the second oldest university was the

4262:. The proposal was very popular among them. The Italian 4226:

and Bosnia and Herzegovina many advocated the idea of a

3791:. Károlyi followed suit on 16 November, proclaiming the 2820:

broke its dominion over a large part of Northern Italy (

1395:

only in 1889 at the request of the Hungarian government.

11863:

Sked, Alan. "Austria–Hungary and the First World War."

11574:

Sked, Alan. "Austria–Hungary and the First World War."

11168:

Usher, Roland G. "Austro-German Relations Since 1866."

10292:"The successor states to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy" 7272:. American Universities Field Staff. 1964. p. 44. 5875:(except its northern corner) and most of the oblast of 1193:

were also recognized by the victorious powers in 1920.

10655:

Austria–Hungary and the Origins of the First World War

10574:

The Decline and Fall of the Habsburg Empire, 1815–1918

10268: 10232: 10230: 9673: 9275:"Banking in Hungarian Economic Development, 1867–1919" 8623: 7908:

With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918

7870: 7527: 6722:, Presses Univ. Septentrion, 2002, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 4576:

Literacy in Kingdom of Hungary, incl. male and female

4077:) by German intellectuals and had always been granted 3671:

action, and 700,000 soldiers were wounded in the war.

3563:). As the Russian Empire collapsed as a result of the 1260:

Kaiserliche und königliche Monarchie Österreich-Ungarn

10064:"Unione Austriaca (Austro-Americana) / Cosulich Line" 8240: 6314:

The Essentials of Geography for School Year 1888–1889

5766:

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Austro-Hungarian condominium)

5347:(between the victors of World War I and Austria) and 5268:, which were separate national institutions, and the 4673:

Black Friday, 9 May 1873, Vienna Stock Exchange. The

2974:

the conflict between the two powers escalated into a

11965:

and the collapse of Austria–Hungary at omniatlas.com

11945: (archived 12 January 2008) – extensive list of 10775:

Francis Joseph: emperor of Austria — King of Hungary

10376: 8573:"Slovakia – Hungary Relations in the European Union" 7232: 6265:

Bosnia-Herzegovina is excluded from these estimates.

5544:, subsequently briefly restored and replaced by the 12476: 10904:(Cambridge University Press, 1987, pp. 72–150. 10285: 10283: 10227: 9461: 9459: 9359: 8867:(in Romanian). Bucharest: Biblioteca Bucureștilor. 8278:"Hungarian foreign ministers from 1848 to our days" 6649: 6647: 6410: 4069:

Italian was regarded as an old "culture language" (

3940:

Ethnic and religious composition of Austria-Hungary

3506:. Italy's victory marked the end of the war on the 2945:Recruits from Bosnia-Herzegovina, including Muslim 2867: 12026: 11919:Microsoft Encarta: The height of the dual monarchy 11496:Disjoined partners: Austria and Germany since 1815 11163:Eastern Europe: An Historical Geography: 1815–1945 10800:The Emergence of Industrial Societies vol 4 part 1 10585: 10544: 9558: 9556: 8938: 8803:Stvaranje-Države-SHS, Creation of the state of SHS 8153: 7664: 7299: 7203: 5151: 4998:Electric tramway lines in the Kingdom of Hungary: 4742:lost strength and agriculture was not productive. 3901:until it was fully annexed in 1908, provoking the 3882:(commonly known as the National Assembly) and the 2059:The Carpathian Basin before the Hungarian conquest 1131:until it was fully annexed in 1908, provoking the 13131: 11733:Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writers 10192: 10007: 8035:. Vol. I. Xlibris Corporation. p. 339. 7450:"Primary Documents: Austrian Ultimatum to Serbia" 7239:Djordjević, Dimitrije; Richard B. Spence (1992). 7093:"The Austrian Occupation of Novibazar, 1878–1909" 5440:New hand-drawn borders of Austria–Hungary in the 4547: 3245:, hoping to gain territory from its former ally. 1421:(Austria); "royal" in this label referred to the 18539: 10553:; highly detailed history; emphasis on ethnicity 10383:Tucker, Spencer; Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005). 10280: 9674:Broadberry, Stephen; O'Rourke, Kevin H. (2010). 9456: 9103:Karady, Victor; Nagy, Peter Tabor, eds. (2012). 8916:. Iași: Tipografia Națională. pp. 119–198. 8578:. Suedosteuropa-gesellschaft.com. Archived from 8018:Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War 7480:The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 6811:. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, the Netherlands. 6644: 6469:(in German). Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. 5610:the short-lived Ruthenian (Ukrainian and Rusyn) 5431: 4821: 4759:between the east and west, besides the existing 4234:, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and emperor and king 4230:monarchy; among the supporters of the idea were 4105:under his arm; this was to demonstrate that the 3360:and fought alongside British and French troops. 3212:, where he inquired about the standpoint of the 1312:Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen 1154:by the time the military authorities signed the 13162:Privilegiertes uniformiertes Grazer Bürgerkorps 10441: 10092:. Members.dame.at. 16 June 1908. Archived from 9553: 8682:Beniston, Judith; Vilain, Robert, eds. (2004). 8343:Hungary in World War II: Caught in the Cauldron 7184: 7178: 7129: 7117: 7079: 7006: 4923:Electric tramway lines in the Austrian Empire: 4920:Austria–Hungary was built in Budapest in 1887. 4495: 3510:and secured the dissolution of Austria–Hungary. 1379:(Army). The common army changed its label from 1334: 1111:, the northern and western parts of the former 53: 11555: 11455:The Austro-Hungarian Forces in World War I (2) 10902:Modern Austria: Empire and Republic, 1815–1986 9858:, fifth edition, Wolden Publishing Ltd, 2003, 9720: 8850:(in French). Émile Bouillon. pp. 240–256. 8792: 8731:"Jewish Self-Government in Galicia, 1815–1914" 8681: 7681: 7679: 7542:The First World War and International Politics 7185:Finestone, Jeffrey; Massie, Robert K. (1981). 6538: 6286:Citype – Internet – Portal Betriebsges.m.b.H. 4911: 4797:, today's Bratislava) in December 1847 and in 4270:conditions, and those living in the island of 3216:on 5 July and received a supportive response. 3173:Crowds on the streets in the aftermath of the 3039:annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina in October 1908 2982:tried to create a large pro-Russian Bulgaria. 18603:States and territories disestablished in 1918 17651: 16043: 15395: 13901: 13117: 12809: 12702: 12462: 12012: 11670:Bulletin of the American Geographical Society 11593:Austro-Hungarian Army and the First World War 11394: 11181:The Austro-Hungarian mind: at home and abroad 11133:A Short History of Austria–Hungary and Poland 11045:. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995. 10526:Österreichische und deutsche Rechtsgeschichte 10509:(in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. 10055: 9480: 9391:. Oxford University Press. pp. 106–108. 9384: 9246:Robert B. Kaplan; Richard B. Baldauf (2005). 9152: 9130:"The beginnings of the Alma Mater Rudolphina" 7850:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 24. 7568:"The failure of peace by negotiation in 1917" 7515:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. 121–161. 7442: 7375: 7085: 6346:. Vol. III (9th ed.). p. 118. 4994:(1895); Kraków (1901); Tarnów, Cieszyn (1911) 4872: 4750:of the Kingdom of Hungary with the centre of 3978:Ethno-linguistic map of Austria-Hungary, 1910 3098:History of Austria-Hungary during World War I 2769: 1994: 1787:History of Austria-Hungary during World War I 15358:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy 11889: 11725: 11136:. Encyclopaedia Britannica Company. p. 9364:. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. p. 80. 9083: 8913:O călătorie prin satele românești din Istria 8728: 8641: 8597: 8537: 8154:Buranbaeva, Oksana; Mladineo, Vanja (2011). 7823:The Serbs Volume 10 of The Peoples of Europe 7773:The New Cambridge Modern History. volume xii 7334: 7291: 7173:European Alliances and Alignments: 1871–1890 6965:European Alliances and Alignments: 1871–1890 6831: 6829: 6827: 6330: 5002:Hungary: Budapest (1887); Pressburg/Pozsony/ 4071: 4016: 4010: 3986: 3854: 1487:, and the institutions were "only" Croatian. 1473: 1453: 1445: 1437: 1429: 1407: 1399: 1389: 1381: 1373: 1365: 1353: 1346: 1323: 1264:Császári és Királyi Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia 1249: 1150:on 28 July 1914. It was already effectively 130: 37: 13692:Maximilian Daublebsky Freiherr von Sterneck 13635:Maximilian Daublebsky Freiherr von Sterneck 12733: 11858:Themes in Modern European History 1830–1890 11784: 11492: 11472:Kann, Robert A.; et al., eds. (1977). 10604:War and Revolution in Yugoslavia: 1941–1945 10547:A History of the Habsburg Empire: 1526–1918 9026: 8554: 8407: 7753:Kann, Robert A.; et al., eds. (1977). 7676: 7513:A Diplomatic History of the First World War 7055: 6849:"The War of 1866 and the Undoing of Vienna" 6588:"Könyvszemle (Book review): Kozári Monika: 3845:("Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen", or 3841:) in the western and northern half and the 3610: 3569:Russians ended their involvement in the war 3449:, with the nominal authority vested in the 3271:with military commanders during World War I 1523: 1463:, the lands of the Hungarian crown. In the 109: 18593:States and territories established in 1867 17658: 17644: 16050: 16036: 15402: 15388: 13908: 13894: 13124: 13110: 12709: 12695: 12469: 12455: 12019: 12005: 11395:Grátz, Gusztáv; Schüller, Richard (1928). 11130:Steed, Henry Wickham; et al. (1914). 10652: 10597: 10556: 10424: 10328:, Morgenblatt. 24 August 1919. p. 2. 10037:"Deutschlandfunk – Essay und Diskurs" 9680:. Cambridge University Press. p. 80. 9127: 9102: 9086:"A magyarországi zsidók a számok tükrében" 9014: 9002: 7798:The Russian Empire: A Multi-ethnic History 7701:. Cambridge University Press. p. 95. 7688:"Austria–Hungary's economy in World War I" 7644:The European Powers in the First World War 7369: 6977: 6770:on 27 March 2019 – via Google Books. 6558: 6279: 5663:Kingdoms and countries of Austria–Hungary 4001:Article 19 of the 1867 "Basic State Act" ( 3856:Ministerrat für gemeinsame Angelegenheiten 3483: 3363: 3333: 3135:is usually associated with the capture of 2809:was crushed by the Austrian military with 2776: 2762: 2001: 1987: 176: 163: 121:for 'Indivisibly and inseparably') 18608:1918 disestablishments in Austria-Hungary 11689: 11190:(1980) vol 7 DOI: 10.1163/187633080x00211 10989:The Grand Strategy of the Habsburg Empire 10855:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541621.001.0001 10468: 10344: 10322:"Die amtliche Meldung über den Rücktritt" 10170:. Ddsg-blue-danube.at. 13 November 2006. 9341: 9332: 9323: 9044:From 45,5% to 50,4%. Randolph L. Braham: 8905: 8903: 8729:Wierzbieniec, Wacław (28 December 2021), 8339: 8231: 8113: 8030: 8015: 7995:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 4. 7910:. Harvard University Press. p. 399. 7902: 7562: 7536: 7404: 7381: 7243:. East European Monographs. p. 313. 6824: 5456:New borders of Austria–Hungary after the 5318:of the former Austro–Hungarian monarchy: 4697:. The first Austrian stock exchange (the 4504:Literacy in Austria-Hungary (census 1880) 4483:Learn how and when to remove this message 4097:carrying what he claimed to be the whole 3993:ethnographic map of Austria-Hungary, 1885 3701:1918: Demise, disintegration, dissolution 3297:Archduke Friedrich von Österreich-Teschen 3283: 3248: 3113:Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 3091: 2933:Bosnia and Herzegovina in Austria-Hungary 1501:Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie/Reich 793:621,538 km (239,977 sq mi) 11735:(Rutledge, 1999) 1:60–63, historiography 11708:Recent Revelations of European Diplomacy 11667: 11646:. London: Shepheard–Walwyn. p. 416. 11641: 11443:The Dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy 11297: 11276: 11195:"Who's Who – Emperor Franz Josef I" 10985: 10888:The Economic Rise of the Habsburg Empire 10809: 10274: 10249: 9349:The Economic Rise of the Habsburg Empire 8984: 8964:. Oxford University Press. p. 299. 8887: 7958: 7820: 7795: 7340: 7297: 7269:Reports Service: Southeast Europe series 6846: 6669: 6667: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6422: 5514: 5451: 5435: 5364:and his communist government during the 5301: 5204: 5192: 5097: 4855: 4825: 4668: 4656: 4551: 4499: 4295: 4276: 4060: 3981: 3973: 3965: 3870:Hungary and Austria maintained separate 3816: 3808: 3704: 3657: 3493: 3476:was the first significant action of the 3373: 3258: 3180: 3168: 3126: 2940: 2871: 1200: 168: 15182: 12271:Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic 11934:Heraldry of the Austro-Hungarian Empire 11385: 11153:The reign of the Emperor Fransis Joseph 11061: 10797: 10160: 10061: 10029: 9272: 8860: 8843: 8814: 8629: 8186: 7990: 7752: 7685: 7622: 7509:Zeman, Z.A.B. (Zbyněk Anthony Bohuslav) 7492: 6877: 6821:Kann (1974); Sked (1989); Taylor (1964) 6749: 6436: 6170:Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1867–1918) 6150:Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I 5468: Border of Austria–Hungary in 1914 4131:in Hungary were obliged to ensure that 4089:as equal to their own. On one occasion 4065:Physical map of Austria-Hungary in 1914 4026:German nationalists, especially in the 3117:Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I 1196: 18540: 16085:List of current non-sovereign monarchs 13513:Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten 12372:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin 11974:Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848–1918 11428: 10946:(University of California Press, 1972) 10907: 10897:(Time Life, 2000); heavily illustrated 10772: 10735: 10713:"Analysis: Austria's troubled history" 10633: 10592:(2nd ed.). London: Penguin Books. 10580: 10487: 10446:(Revised ed.). Harper & Row. 10389:(1 ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 1183. 10108: 10043:from the original on 14 September 2011 9827:from the original on 20 September 2013 9423: 9249:Language Planning and Policy in Europe 8909: 8900: 8694:Modern Humanities Research Association 8560: 8500: 8382: 8327: 8272: 8270: 8261: 8246: 8098: 7878:. Cambridge University Press. p. 7848:History of Modern Cremation in Romania 7825:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 235. 7670: 7641: 7159: 6962: 6806: 6116:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin 6078:– western part of the Municipality of 5605:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin 5402: 4705:) was opened in Budapest in 1864. The 4093:(Anastasius Grün) entered the Diet of 2840:of 1866 led to the dissolution of the 169:Austria-Hungary in 1914 on the eve of 17639: 16315: 16031: 15383: 13889: 13572:FML Josef Wilhelm Freiher von Gallina 13105: 12690: 12450: 12000: 11844:from the original on 22 February 2023 11632: 11437: 11419: 11324: 11233: 11129: 10844: 10679: 10621:from the original on 17 February 2024 10504: 10471:Österreichische Verfassungsgeschichte 10332:from the original on 26 December 2015 10174:from the original on 2 September 2011 10082: 9912:from the original on 28 November 2009 9128:Mühlberger, Kurt (27 February 2015). 8957: 8710:from the original on 14 November 2023 8525:from the original on 19 November 2023 8429: 8364:from the original on 10 November 2023 8302: 8055: 7945: 7930: 7845: 7767: 7507: 7474: 7410: 7209: 6802: 6800: 6674: 6664: 6592:: Modern magyar politikai rendszerek" 6466:Österreichische Statistik, Neue Folge 6419: 6160:Former countries in Europe after 1815 6155:Ethnic composition of Austria–Hungary 5586:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 5426: 5188: 5129:Inland waterways and river regulation 4779: 3682: 3043:Imperial & Royal finance ministry 1248:). The Austrians also used the names 1236:), though in international relations 17665: 15409: 13796:Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria 13497:Moritz Ritter Auffenberg von Komarów 12401:Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia 11953:History of Austro-Hungarian currency 11811: 11738: 11513: 11471: 11452: 10568: 10542: 10523: 10403:from the original on 14 January 2023 10134: 10122:from the original on 7 December 2011 9960: 9252:. Multilingual Matters. p. 56. 9140:from the original on 1 December 2022 9117:from the original on 9 October 2022. 9065:from the original on 14 October 2012 8833:from the original on 9 October 2022. 8317:from the original on 14 August 2024. 8215: 8080:from the original on 27 January 2024 7456:from the original on 30 October 2004 7099:from the original on 19 January 2012 7027: 7025: 7023: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7015: 6978:Wheatcroft, Andrew (28 April 2009). 6835: 5423:, where he died the following year. 5133:The first Danubian steamer company, 4421:adding citations to reliable sources 4392: 4324:are sometimes viewed as a model for 1479:) ("Royal"), since according to the 13846:Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria 13543:Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen 12154:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 11860:(Routledge, 2002) pp. 141–176. 11629:(Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2020). 11612:(Columbia University Press, 1986); 11560:. Wien/Köln/Weimar: Böhlau Verlag. 9654:Die Großindustrie Böhmens 1848–1918 9405:from the original on 3 January 2014 8267: 7411:Kröll, Herbert (28 February 2008). 7345:. Purdue University Press. p. 7276:from the original on 3 October 2023 6780: 6774: 6750:Kotulla, Michael (17 August 2008). 6395:correspond to dialects of what the 6086:(E) and the township of Igalo (NE)) 5578:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 5383:, who had been the last commanding 5371:In the summer of 1919, a Habsburg, 5287: 4245: 3757:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 3741:Czechoslovak provisional government 2901:Count Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust 2853:re-established Hungarian parliament 1530:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 1467:, the autonomous institutions used 1219:Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie 1117:Transleithania (Kingdom of Hungary) 1072:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 197:Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen 39:Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie 13: 16080:List of current sovereign monarchs 15654:Western European broadleaf forests 13533:Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen 13294: 13286: 13277: 12323:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic 11651: 11595:(Cambridge University Press 2021) 11499:. University of California Press. 11300:The Undermining of Austria–Hungary 11291:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1992.tb02392.x 10969:(Harvard University Press, 1951). 10704: 10289: 10250:Headlam, James Wycliffe (1911b). " 10066:. Theshipslist.com. Archived from 9942:from the original on 19 March 2022 9885:from the original on 12 March 2013 9541:from the original on 29 April 2014 9494:from the original on 11 March 2016 9490:(in Croatian). 28 September 2012. 9385:Norman Davies (24 February 2005). 8668:Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries, 8473:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2003. 7302:On Prejudice: A Global Perspective 7043:from the original on 13 March 2012 6797: 6585: 5636:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic 5548:, ultimately transformed into the 5251:Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen 3653: 2818:Second Italian War of Independence 1509:Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia/Birodalom 1459:) ("Royal Hungarian") referred to 1173:, whereas the independence of the 112:Indivisibiliter ac inseparabiliter 16:1867–1918 empire in Central Europe 14: 18629: 13756:Archduke Joseph August of Austria 13586:Friedrich Graf von Beck-Rzikowsky 13523:Supreme Commander of the Imperial 11900: 11556:Rauchensteiner, Manfried (2014). 11363:The Fall of the House of Habsburg 11082:Emperor Francis Joseph Of Austria 11034:Oakes, Elizabeth and Eric Roman. 10738:Slavonic and East European Review 10723:from the original on 23 June 2011 10551:. University of California Press. 9516:. Stuttgart, Franz Steiner 2004, 9032:The World Reacts to the Holocaust 8939:Spicijarić Paškvan, Nina (2014). 8920:from the original on 1 March 2021 8780:from the original on 29 June 2024 8611:from the original on 15 June 2013 8509:Central European University Press 8191:. Yale University Press. p. 8126:from the original on 5 March 2023 8114:Shanafelt, Gary W. (April 1999). 7948:Slavonic and East European Review 7012: 6944:from the original on 8 April 2024 6859:from the original on 31 July 2021 6602:from the original on 28 July 2013 6548:. Franklin-Társulat. p. 321. 6350:from the original on 5 March 2023 6290:. Wien-vienna.com. Archived from 6145:Diplomatic history of World War I 5519:Post-WWI borders on an ethnic map 5257:; the special armies, namely the 5135:Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft 4841: 4774: 4528:in 1364, while the third oldest ( 3441:, envisioned by its authors as a 3255:Diplomatic history of World War I 3198:Count Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf 2961:" was composed in their honor by 2414:Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen 1417:was the term for institutions of 1212:The realm's official name was in 207:Condominium of Bosnia-Herzegovina 18613:1918 disestablishments in Europe 16598:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13581:FML Anton Freiherr von Schönfeld 12568:Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia 12525:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria 12278:West Ukrainian People's Republic 11787:The Afterlife of Austria–Hungary 11201:from the original on 10 May 2009 11183:(East European Monographs, 1989) 11179:Várdy, Steven, and Agnes Várdy. 11055: 11022:from the original on 9 June 2023 10881:Historical Dictionary of Austria 10314: 10302:from the original on 5 June 2023 10237: 10214: 10186: 10001: 9954: 9924: 9897: 9871: 9848: 9839: 9813: 9804: 9795: 9785: 9776: 9759: 9741: 9714: 9694: 9667: 9646: 9637: 9628: 9619: 9610: 9575: 9527: 9506: 9447: 9417: 9378: 9368: 9353: 9308: 9299: 9266: 9239: 9213: 9187: 9121: 9105:"The numerus clausus in Hungary" 9096: 9077: 9051: 9038: 9020: 8978: 8951: 8932: 8881: 8854: 8837: 8808: 8762: 8751:from the original on 4 June 2024 8722: 8675: 8662: 8635: 7646:. Taylor & Francis. p. 7604:from the original on 26 May 2023 7495:Austrian Foreign Policy, 1908–18 7065:. 28 August 2009. Archived from 6675:Jayne, Kingsley Garland (1911). 6632:from the original on 16 May 2024 6503:from the original on 3 June 2023 6437:Headlam, James Wycliffe (1911). 6259: 6175:United States of Greater Austria 5668: 5616:West Ukrainian People's Republic 5573:Polish Soviet Socialist Republic 4848:Imperial Austrian State Railways 4721:, the fifth-largest in Europe. 4397: 4274:were fully assimilated by 1875. 4228:trialist Austro-Hungaro-Croatian 4127:As of June 1907, all public and 3950:United States of Greater Austria 3530:were halted on the river, where 3425:1916 was proclaimed then to the 2868:1866–1878: beyond Lesser Germany 2745: 2037: 1970: 1782:Assassination of Franz Ferdinand 1711:Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg 1558: 1371:(Navy) and, during the war, the 1078:and was dissolved shortly after 1021: 1007: 993: 979: 965: 951: 937: 919: 905: 891: 862: 144: 80: 18553:Former countries in the Balkans 16075:Imperial, royal and noble ranks 13841:Gottfried Freiherr von Banfield 13505:Alexander Freiherr von Krobatin 12421:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia 12047:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 10975:Milward, Alan, and S. B. Saul. 10967:The Hapsburg Monarchy 1867–1914 10798:Cipolla, Carlo M., ed. (1973). 10442:Albrecht-Carrié, René (1973) . 10434: 8494: 8470:The New Encyclopædia Britannica 8461: 8423: 8388: 8333: 8296: 8209: 8180: 8147: 8138: 8107: 8092: 8049: 8024: 8009: 7984: 7939: 7924: 7896: 7864: 7839: 7814: 7789: 7761: 7746: 7635: 7616: 7556: 7501: 7486: 7468: 7432: 7260: 7165: 7144: 7135: 7063:"Austria-Hungary - MSN Encarta" 6971: 6956: 6922: 6871: 6853:Oxford Public International Law 6840: 6815: 6743: 6712: 6695: 6614: 6590:A dualista rendszer (1867–1918) 6579: 6552: 6532: 6515: 6489: 6473: 6245: 6222: 5584:, both later absorbed into the 5563:, contested by the short-lived 5152:Lower Danube and the Iron Gates 4581:Major nationalities in Hungary 4408:needs additional citations for 3933: 3401:and the great fortress city of 3151:, in which Catholic Croats and 3133:arrest of a suspect in Sarajevo 1493:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy/Realm 1465:Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia 1138:Austria-Hungary was one of the 16057: 15609:Alps conifer and mixed forests 13831:Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel 13713:Adm Karl Kailer von Kaltenfels 13704:Rudolf Graf/Conte Montecuccoli 13647:Rudolf Graf/Conte Montecuccoli 13228:Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops 12327:(Russian Civil War spill over) 12028:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary 11958:Austria–Hungary, Dual Monarchy 11493:Katzenstein, Peter J. (1976). 11445:. University of Chicago Press. 10953:The Habsburg Empire, 1790–1918 10814:. University of Exeter Press. 10653:Williamson, Samuel R. (1991). 9968:. In Županek, Bernarda (ed.). 9904:UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 8340:Cornelius, Deborah S. (2011). 8031:Cavallaro, Gaetano V. (2010). 6756:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 6753:Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte 6678:"Bosnia and Herzegovina" 6598:(in Hungarian). p. 1542. 6457: 6362: 6306: 6203: 6187: 5366:Hungarian–Romanian War of 1919 5171: 5093: 4548:Universities in Transleithania 3718:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary 3502:on 3 November 1918, after the 3340:Serbian Campaign (World War I) 3088:and precipitated World War I. 3086:assassinated the Austrian heir 2851:. On 20 March 1867, the newly 1: 18598:1867 establishments in Europe 13553:Hermann Kövess von Kövessháza 13133:Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces 11929:The Austro-Hungarian Military 11914:Habsburg Empire Austrian line 11741:The Journal of Modern History 11721:detailed contemporary account 11365:(Viking, 1963). pp. 449. 11327:The Journal of Modern History 10607:. Stanford University Press. 9594:(in Croatian). Archived from 8303:Giant, Tibor (October 1996). 7968:. History.com. Archived from 7874:; O'Rourke, Kevin H. (2010). 7686:Schulze, Max-Stephan (2005). 7415:. Studienverlag. p. 55. 7343:Serbia's Great War, 1914–1918 6272: 5644:Principality of Liechtenstein 5432:Immediately after World War I 5413:regain the throne in Budapest 5333:Hungarian Democratic Republic 5241:Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces 4953:, Jablonec nad Nisou (1900); 4822:Electronic audio broadcasting 4713:. According to a 2005 study, 3813:Hungarian Parliament building 3805:Government of Austria-Hungary 3798: 3793:Hungarian Democratic Republic 3522:marched his army towards the 3459:Armistice of 11 November 1918 3065:The principal players in the 3054:, made the Emperor's nephew, 2354:Rákóczi's War of Independence 2319:Principality of Upper Hungary 2119:Hungarian invasions of Europe 1481:Croatian–Hungarian Settlement 1125:Croatian–Hungarian Settlement 931:Other territorial successors: 477:Minister-President of Austria 303:German, Hungarian, Croatian, 17726:Principality of Transylvania 16090:List of monarchy referendums 11949:, ministers, and ambassadors 11882: 11214: 11144:Sugar, Peter F. et al. eds. 10810:Cornwall, Mark, ed. (2002). 10488:Bridge, Francis Roy (1972). 9881:. Bkv.hu. 22 November 1918. 9879:"The History of BKV, Part 1" 9656:, München: Oldenbourg 1987, 9360:Max-Stephan Schulze (1996). 9195:"Miskolc and the University" 8892:(in Romanian). Vol. 9. 8890:Dialectele române din Istria 8416: – Compromise of 1867, 8395:The 1918 Karl's proclamation 8280:. Mfa.gov.hu. Archived from 7707:10.1017/CBO9780511497339.002 7699:The Economics of World War I 6043:Austro-Hungarian Condominium 4808: 4784: 4769:Second Industrial Revolution 4717:in 1913 was 105,515 million 4496:Universities in Cisleithania 4388: 4169:Charles University in Prague 3989:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 3821:Austrian Parliament building 3405:and fell in March 1915. The 3303: 3016:League of the Three Emperors 2807:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 2364:Principality of Transylvania 2289:Principality of Transylvania 142:: God preserve, God protect) 133:Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze 7: 18588:Hungary under Habsburg rule 18563:Former monarchies of Europe 17761:Interwar Kingdom of Hungary 15582:Military history of Austria 15572:Allied-administered Austria 13915: 13686:Friedrich Freiherr von Pöck 13680:VAdm Wilhelm von Tegetthoff 13629:Friedrich Freiherr von Pöck 13623:VAdm Wilhelm von Tegetthoff 13605:Arthur Arz von Straußenburg 13591:Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf 13454:Bylandt-Rheydt (der Ältere) 13233:Imperial and Royal Dragoons 13204:Imperial and Royal Infantry 12610:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 12361:and Transylvania to Romania 11657:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. 11478:. East European Quarterly. 11086:New York: Macmillan, 1929. 11069:. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). 10955:, New York, Macmillan 1969. 10849:. Oxford University Press. 10469:Brauneder, Wilhelm (2009). 10386:Encyclopedia of World War I 10062:Swiggum, Sue (3 May 2008). 9467:"Google Drive – Megtekintő" 8815:Nicoară, Vincențiu (1890). 8805:, Zagreb, 1958, p. 132–133. 8737:, Brill, pp. 283–351, 8064:Kent State University Press 8016:Schindler, John R. (2001). 7382:Schindler, John R. (2007). 7210:Smith, David James (2010). 6967:(2nd ed.). p. 20. 6963:Langer, William L. (1950). 6122: 5620:Ukrainian People's Republic 5555:First Czechoslovak Republic 5397:restored Kingdom of Hungary 5234: 4912:Tramway lines in the cities 4761:economic and monetary union 4224:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 3946:Trialism in Austria-Hungary 3490:Italian Front (World War I) 3370:Eastern Front (World War I) 3175:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 3149:Anti-Serb riots of Sarajevo 2878:Austro-Hungarian occupation 2569:Hungarian People's Republic 2504:Governorate of Subcarpathia 2444:Hungarian People's Republic 2174:Personal union with Croatia 1175:First Czechoslovak Republic 1121:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 10: 18634: 18573:House of Habsburg-Lorraine 13698:Hermann Freiherr von Spaun 13641:Hermann Freiherr von Spaun 13238:Imperial and Royal Hussars 13157:Imperial Austrian Landwehr 12673:Concession zone in Tianjin 12615:Fiume and its surroundings 12416:Hungarian–Czechoslovak War 12182:Republic of German-Austria 12164:Italian Regency of Carnaro 12113:Berthelot-Apáthy Agreement 12072:1920 Carinthian plebiscite 11818:European History Quarterly 11785:Kożuchowski, Adam (2013). 11769:European History Quarterly 11659:Austro-Hungarian red book. 11429:Herweg, Holger H. (2009). 11386:Dedijer, Vladimir (1966). 11370:American Historical Review 11218: 11170:American Historical Review 10908:Judson, Pieter M. (2016). 10773:Bagger, Eugene S. (1927). 10634:Watson, Alexander (2014). 10562:The Army of Francis Joseph 10222:The Army of Francis Joseph 10118:. Aeiou.at. 31 July 2001. 9433:. Routledge. p. 151. 9059:"Hungary – Social Changes" 8861:Zbuchea, Gheorghe (1999). 7991:Burgwyn, H. James (1997). 7821:Cirkovic, Sima M. (2008). 7800:. Routledge. p. 287. 7796:Kappeler, Andreas (2014). 7769:Mowat, C.L. (Charles Loch) 7386:. Zenith Imprint. p. 7298:Gioseffi, Daniela (1993). 6847:Lesaffer, Randall (2021). 6787:. In Baynes, T. S. (ed.). 6112:People's Republic of China 5657: 5291: 5238: 4873:Railways in Transleithania 4845: 4653:Economy of Austria-Hungary 4650: 4646: 4381:as minister of trade, and 4056:Count Kasimir Felix Badeni 3943: 3937: 3802: 3789:Republic of German Austria 3715: 3617:Romania during World War I 3614: 3487: 3391:Supreme National Committee 3367: 3337: 3307: 3287: 3252: 3120: 3106: 3102: 3095: 3050:(1867), and his only son, 2926: 2194:Mongol invasion of Hungary 1805:Republic of German-Austria 1613:Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy 1527: 1518: 1042:, also referred to as the 18: 18583:Modern history of Hungary 18578:Modern history of Austria 18467: 18304: 18223:Universities and colleges 18197: 18188: 18094: 18085: 17971: 17962: 17877: 17868: 17794: 17686: 17677: 17502: 17411: 17125: 16888: 16822: 16634: 16625: 16521: 16503: 16435: 16350: 16308: 16240: 16154: 16098: 16065: 15989: 15907: 15834: 15825: 15768: 15759: 15680: 15671: 15599: 15590: 15421: 15351: 15303: 14820: 14224: 13923: 13736:Archduke Eugen of Austria 13728: 13670: 13613: 13561: 13521: 13412: 13389: 13382: 13357: 13305: 13275: 13243:Imperial and Royal Uhlans 13172:Royal Croatian Home Guard 13139: 13085: 13018: 12910: 12906: 12805: 12729: 12631: 12595: 12485: 12381: 12345: 12248: 12230:Hungarian Soviet Republic 12217: 12174: 12141: 12093:Armistice of Villa Giusti 12085: 12034: 11726:Historiography and memory 11528:10.1017/S0008938900016435 11399:. Yale University Press. 11372:122.4 (2017): 1105–1136. 11255:10.1017/S0067237800020427 11243:Austrian History Yearbook 11148:(1990), pp. 252–294. 10979:(1977) pp. 271–331. 10950:Macartney, Carlile Aylmer 10663:10.1007/978-1-349-21163-0 10564:, Purdue University Press 10505:Džaja, Srećko M. (1994). 10357:The Columbia Encyclopedia 9488:"Telegraph Vienna-Zagreb" 9317:The Publisher, Volume 133 9030:; Rosenzveig, Charles H. 8187:Bassett, Richard (2015). 8099:Torrey, Glenn E. (1998). 7697:; Harrison, Mark (eds.). 7587:10.1017/S0018246X00013935 7341:Mitrović, Andrej (2007). 7187:The last courts of Europe 6892:10.1017/S000893890001476X 6105:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 6103:Other possessions of the 5542:Hungarian Soviet Republic 5360:. Romanian troops ousted 5358:Hungarian Soviet Republic 5249:was under the command of 4584:Rate of literacy in 1910 4232:Archduke Leopold Salvator 3747:signed by members of the 3597:Battle of the Piave river 3588:Vittorio Emanuele Orlando 3559:ensued (analogous to the 3504:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 3223:Herr von Bethmann Hollweg 3071:Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal 3024:Sandžak-Raška / Novibazar 2949:(31%), were drafted into 2559:Second Hungarian Republic 2454:Hungarian Soviet Republic 2404:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 2259:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 1255: 1234:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 1233: 1156:armistice of Villa Giusti 1070:: it was formed with the 841: 814: 804: 797: 789: 784: 780: 767: 750: 737: 724: 711: 698: 685: 672: 659: 646: 642: 621: 595: 569: 564:Two national legislatures 559: 555: 543: 533:• 1867–1871 (first) 531: 527: 519:Prime Minister of Hungary 517: 513: 501: 489: 485: 475: 471: 459: 447: 443: 433: 421: 411: 363: 299: 268: 260: 229: 160: 125: 105: 77: 72: 32:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 30: 21:Austria–Hungary relations 18202:Anti-Hungarian sentiment 17882:Administrative divisions 16227:Self-proclaimed monarchy 15604:Administrative divisions 15552:Federal State of Austria 13826:Viktor Dankl von Krasnik 13450:(FZM) Arthur Maximilian 12431:Uprising in West Hungary 12303:Slovak People's Republic 12261:Banat, Bačka and Baranja 12225:First Hungarian Republic 11830:10.1177/0265691410386424 11633:Wawro, Geoffrey (2014). 11602:12 December 2022 at the 11516:Central European History 10879:Fichtner, Paula Sutter. 10845:Evans, R. J. W. (2008). 10680:Zovko, Ljubomir (2007). 10594:; politics and diplomacy 10543:Kann, Robert A. (1974). 10199:The Statesman's Yearbook 10142:"Wörthersee Schifffahrt" 10116:"Österreichischer Lloyd" 10014:The Statesman's Yearbook 9273:Barcsay, Thomas (1991). 9180:27 February 2024 at the 9046:The Politics of Genocide 8888:Popovici, Iosif (1914). 8844:Weigand, Gustav (1892). 8348:Fordham University Press 7642:Tucker, Spencer (1996). 7306:. Anchor Books. p. 7141:Gooch, 1936, pp 366-438. 6880:Central European History 6180: 6129:Aftermath of World War I 6029:Poland (Polish parts of 6018:(autonomous province of 5848:Poland (voivodeships of 5557:, later "Czechoslovakia" 5538:First Hungarian Republic 5407:Austria had passed the " 5120:. The M1 line became an 4852:Hungarian State Railways 4377:as minister of finance, 4369:as Minister of Justice, 4218:(1859–1878) and Serbia. 3766:On 17 October 1918, the 3761:a large South Slav state 3611:Romanian front 1916–1917 3429:jointly by the Emperors 3407:Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive 2599:Third Hungarian Republic 1876:Second Austrian Republic 1825:Federal State of Austria 1524:Formation and background 1355:kaiserlich und königlich 1229:Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia 1158:on 3 November 1918. The 1074:in the aftermath of the 822:Gulden / florin 613:House of Representatives 96:Flags of Austria-Hungary 55:Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia 18110:Hungarian National Bank 17741:Austro-Hungarian Empire 16495:Vatican City (Holy See) 15639:Pannonian mixed forests 15542:First Austrian Republic 13746:Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli 13717:Adm Maximilian Njegovan 13657:Adm Maximilian Njegovan 13577:Franz Freiherr von John 13426:Franz Freiherr von John 12406:Polish–Czechoslovak War 12298:Republic of Heinzenland 12209:First Austrian Republic 11812:Kwan, Jonathan (2011). 11691:2027/mdp.39015004037399 11642:Zametica, John (2017). 11420:Healy, Maureen (2007). 11298:Cornwall, Mark (2000). 11234:Boyer, John W. (2003). 11197:. First World War.com. 11072:Encyclopædia Britannica 11063:Pribram, Alfred Francis 10261:Encyclopædia Britannica 10168:"DDSG Blue Danube GmbH" 9970:Emona: Myth and Reality 9856:Europe Review 2003/2004 9823:. beyondtheforest.com. 9721:Iván T. Berend (2003). 8947:(in Croatian): 345–358. 8910:Burada, Teodor (1896). 8656:10.1163/187633080X00202 8501:Balázs, Éva H. (1997). 8418:Encyclopædia Britannica 8101:Romania and World War I 8056:Lowry, Bullitt (2000). 7931:Healy, Maureen (2007). 7625:East European Quarterly 7493:Pribram, A. F. (1923). 7212:One Morning in Sarajevo 6982:. Basic Books. p. 6938:Encyclopedia Britannica 6790:Encyclopædia Britannica 6688:Encyclopædia Britannica 6450:Encyclopædia Britannica 6440:"Austria-Hungary" 6407:was also known by many. 6370:Encyclopædia Britannica 6343:Encyclopædia Britannica 5856:, southernmost part of 5298:Treaty of Saint Germain 4703:Budapest Stock Exchange 4518:Jagiellonian University 4514:H.R. Emperor Charles IV 4290:Neolog Jewish community 4046:(Turócszentmárton) and 4044:Turčiansky Svätý Martin 3849:) in the eastern half. 3484:Italian front 1915–1918 3474:Battle of Zborov (1917) 3364:Russian front 1914–1917 3334:Serbian front 1914–1916 3194:Count Leopold Berchtold 2648:History of Transylvania 2154:Principality of Hungary 1871:Allied-occupied Austria 1810:First Austrian Republic 1164:First Austrian Republic 1052:constitutional monarchy 1050:, was a multi-national 1044:Austro-Hungarian Empire 755:Treaty of Saint-Germain 428:Constitutional monarchy 269:Official languages 18266:International rankings 18141:Science and technology 18021:Chief of General Staff 17716:Ottoman–Hungarian wars 16777:Islands of Refreshment 16207:Legitimacy (political) 15512:Siege of Vienna (1529) 15492:Margraviate of Austria 13525:and Royal Armed Forces 13486:General der Infanterie 13438:General der Kavallerie 13299: 13291: 13282: 13167:Royal Hungarian Honvéd 13087:Bosnia and Herzegovina 12641:Bosnia and Herzegovina 12558:Margraviate of Moravia 12411:Hungarian–Romanian War 12318:Slovak Soviet Republic 12288:Republic of Tarnobrzeg 12197:Bohemian Forest Region 12103:Hodža-Bartha Agreement 12077:1921 Sopron plebiscite 12067:Paris Peace Conference 11890: 11874:31 August 2018 at the 11771:48.3 (2018): 516–533. 11713:Steed, Henry Wickham. 10998:10.23943/9781400889969 10558:Rothenberg, Gunther E. 10360:. 2012. Archived from 9865:14 August 2024 at the 9512:Kiesewetter, Herbert: 8233:10.14296/RiH/2014/1846 7846:Rotar, Marius (2013). 6807:Laszlo, Péter (2011). 6586:Szávai, Ferenc Tibor. 6525:, p. 295. Peter Lang ( 6521:Schulze, Max-Stephan. 6240: 6232: 6139:Corporative federalism 6050:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5860:(Bielsko and Cieszyn)) 5835:and small portions of 5561:Second Polish Republic 5520: 5512: 5508:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5449: 5373:Archduke Joseph August 5311: 5216: 5202: 5103: 5026:(1900); Szatmárnémeti/ 4861: 4831: 4726:gross national product 4682: 4666: 4557: 4524:by the King of Poland 4505: 4385:as minister of trade. 4322:Christian Social Party 4309: 4293: 4202:in the crown lands of 4145:The Balkans, 1804–1999 4072: 4066: 4023: 4017: 4012:landesübliche Sprachen 4011: 3994: 3987: 3979: 3971: 3891: 3855: 3822: 3814: 3774:, seized power in the 3713: 3667: 3511: 3467:Second Polish Republic 3382: 3310:Hungary in World War I 3284:Theaters of operations 3272: 3249:Wartime foreign policy 3227: 3189: 3188:armoured train in 1914 3178: 3140: 3092:1914–1918: World War I 2966: 2897:Lesser German Solution 2889:Peace of Prague (1866) 2880: 2836:) while defeat in the 1673:Margraviate of Austria 1508: 1500: 1474: 1454: 1446: 1438: 1430: 1408: 1400: 1390: 1382: 1374: 1366: 1354: 1347: 1335: 1324: 1299: 1295: 1287: 1283: 1275: 1271: 1263: 1259: 1250: 1245: 1241: 1227: 1217: 1209: 1179:Second Polish Republic 131: 110: 54: 38: 18524:48.20750°N 16.36500°E 17711:Late Medieval Kingdom 17706:High Medieval Kingdom 16588:Saint Kitts and Nevis 16177:Criticism of monarchy 16167:Abolition of monarchy 15328:Medieval great powers 13298: 13290: 13281: 13194:Military Intelligence 13147:Austro-Hungarian Army 12313:Republic of Prekmurje 12098:Armistice of Belgrade 11906:Articles relating to 11715:The Hapsburg monarchy 11591:Tunstall, Graydon A. 11379:16 March 2023 at the 11308:10.1057/9780230286351 11219:Further information: 11172:23.3 (1918): 577–595 11123:5 August 2021 at the 10986:Mitchell, A. (2018). 10942:Johnston, William M. 10918:10.4159/9780674969346 10750:10.1353/see.2009.0004 10524:Hoke, Rudolf (1996). 9084:László Sebők (2012). 9061:. Countrystudies.us. 8992:. Norton. p. 60. 8958:Vital, David (1999). 8311:University of Warwick 7189:. Dent. p. 247. 6241:Ausztria–Magyarország 5837:Friuli-Venezia Giulia 5618:(later absorbed into 5518: 5480: Borders in 1920 5474: Borders in 1914 5455: 5439: 5345:Saint-Germain-en-Laye 5343:The 1919 Treaties of 5314:There were two legal 5305: 5282:Austro-Hungarian Navy 5247:Austro-Hungarian Army 5222:Kaiser Franz Joseph I 5208: 5199:Kaiser Franz Joseph I 5196: 5101: 4859: 4829: 4765:Industrial Revolution 4672: 4660: 4555: 4526:Casimir III the Great 4503: 4299: 4280: 4064: 4007: 3985: 3977: 3969: 3919:constitutional crisis 3820: 3812: 3708: 3692:Austrians viewed the 3661: 3497: 3403:Przemyśl was besieged 3377: 3346:Imperial Russian Army 3262: 3253:Further information: 3218: 3184: 3172: 3130: 3123:Causes of World War I 3121:Further information: 2980:Treaty of San Stefano 2955:Austro-Hungarian Army 2944: 2875: 2862:Holy Crown of Hungary 2795:Treaty of Passarowitz 2673:Transylvanian Princes 2524:Revisions of Délvidék 2309:Wesselényi conspiracy 2089:Kingdom of the Gepids 1258:) (in detail German: 1246:Ausztria-Magyarország 1204: 1183:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1127:in 1868. After 1878, 300:Common languages 18455:World Heritage Sites 18327:Palaces and mansions 17691:Hungarian prehistory 16420:United Arab Emirates 15659:World Heritage Sites 15502:Archduchy of Austria 15338:European colonialism 15323:Ancient great powers 13781:Karol Durski-Trzaska 13741:Franz Rohr von Denta 13721:RAdm Franz von Holub 13709:Grand Adm Anton Haus 13652:Grand Adm Anton Haus 13422:Feldmarschalleutnant 12660:(de facto 1878–1908) 12657:Sanjak of Novi Pazar 12584:County of Vorarlberg 12536:Gorizia and Gradisca 12495:Archduchy of Austria 12396:Polish–Ukrainian War 12256:Republic of Zakopane 12202:German South Moravia 12042:Treaty of Versailles 11778:5 March 2023 at the 11619:5 March 2023 at the 11549:5 March 2023 at the 11453:Jung, Peter (2003). 11388:The Road to Sarajevo 11272:on 11 February 2020. 11146:A History of Hungary 11102:Rudolph, Richard L. 10912:. pp. 264–436. 10686:University of Mostar 10352:"Trianon, Treaty of" 10220:Gunther Rothenburg, 9963:"Sustained Interest" 9961:Žmuc, Irena (2010). 9535:"Telegráf – Lexikon" 9092:on 20 February 2015. 8826:(in Romanian): 3–9. 8799:Budisavljević, Srđan 8430:Roman, Eric (2009). 8400:8 March 2021 at the 8216:Uyar, Mesut (2015). 7734:on 29 September 2018 7544:. pp. 139–148. 7130:Albrecht-Carrié 1973 7118:Albrecht-Carrié 1973 7080:Albrecht-Carrié 1973 7007:Albrecht-Carrié 1973 6934:"History of Austria" 6090:Sandžak-Raška region 5863:Ukraine (oblasts of 5389:Grand Trianon Palace 5181:floods in the area. 4961:(1902); Budějovice, 4917:Horse-drawn tramways 4687:Technological change 4530:University of Vienna 4417:improve this article 4373:as Minister of War, 4137:spheres of influence 3874:, each with its own 3768:Hungarian Parliament 3584:coalition government 3565:Bolshevik Revolution 3478:Czechoslovak Legions 3437:out of territory of 3131:This picture of the 2959:Die Bosniaken kommen 2842:German Confederation 2374:Hungarian Reform Era 2054:Hungarian prehistory 1759:German Confederation 1744:Archduchy of Austria 1409:kaiserlich-königlich 1197:Name and terminology 1166:were treated as its 1099:At its core was the 806:• 1910 estimate 491:• 1867 (first) 18520: / 17616:Trinidad and Tobago 17503:Commonwealth realms 17388:United Baltic Duchy 16531:Antigua and Barbuda 16523:Commonwealth realms 16217:Order of succession 15893:freedom of religion 15480:Ostrogothic Kingdom 15333:Modern great powers 13791:Tadeusz Rozwadowski 13614:Commanders-in-Chief 13599:Blasius von Schemua 13434:Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld 12520:Kingdom of Dalmatia 12159:Free State of Fiume 11979:28 May 2014 at the 11795:10.2307/j.ctt7zw9vt 11585:1 June 2022 at the 11576:Histoire@ Politique 11361:Crankshaw, Edward. 11188:East Central Europe 10910:The Habsburg Empire 10900:Jelavich, Barbara. 10719:. 3 February 2000. 10364:on 28 December 2008 9287:on 17 November 2014 9227:on 19 November 2012 8644:East Central Europe 8607:. Verfassungen.de. 8438:Infobase Publishing 8385:, pp. 542–556. 8330:, pp. 541–542. 8264:, pp. 536–540. 7872:Broadberry, Stephen 7695:Broadberry, Stephen 7482:. pp. 420–430. 7175:pp. 138, 155–6, 163 7162:, pp. 338–339. 7082:, pp. 201–214. 6781:Kay, David (1878). 6559:Eric Roman (2003). 6294:on 23 November 2011 5992:Romania (region of 5985:Ukraine (oblast of 5889:Montenegro (bay of 5882:Romania (county of 5833:province of Belluno 5664: 5569:Tarnobrzeg Republic 5532:Republic of Austria 5403:Habsburg banishment 5353:Republic of Austria 5327:Republic of Austria 5214:Kingdom of Dalmatia 5118:World Heritage Site 5034:(1905); Nagyszeben/ 4934:Austrian Littoral: 4577: 4340:could ignite other 4300:Orthodox Jews from 4284:Great Synagogue in 4182:and in the eastern 4118:Laibach (Ljubljana) 4048:Kláštor pod Znievom 3626:Romania (including 3545:punitive expedition 3416:revolutions of 1917 3196:and Army Commander 2913:Franco-Prussian war 2891:which settled the " 2885:Austro-Prussian war 2838:Austro-Prussian War 2799:revolutions of 1848 2514:Second Vienna Award 2099:Ostrogothic Kingdom 1738:Early modern period 1618:Ostrogothic Kingdom 1439:königlich-ungarisch 1367:k.u.k. Kriegsmarine 1094:Bosnian Condominium 1076:Austro-Prussian War 545:• 1918 (last) 503:• 1918 (last) 341:Romani (Carpathian) 18529:48.20750; 16.36500 18405:Hungarian language 18256:Hungarian diaspora 18156:Telecommunications 17781:Revolution of 1956 17736:Revolution of 1848 15803:Telecommunications 15547:Austrian Civil War 15527:Congress of Vienna 15522:March Constitution 15441:Kingdom of Noricum 13300: 13292: 13283: 13177:42nd Inf. Division 12605:Kingdom of Hungary 12510:Duchy of Carinthia 12500:Kingdom of Bohemia 12426:Silesian Uprisings 12240:Kingdom of Hungary 12235:Hungarian Republic 11865:Histoire Politique 11457:. Bloomsbury USA. 11226:Bassett, Richard. 10962:(Routledge, 2014). 10576:. London: Longman. 9989:on 5 November 2013 9908:. whc.unesco.org. 9652:Brousek; Karl M.: 8894:Halle an der Saale 8774:www.britannica.com 8685:The Austrian Lyric 8404:. British Library. 8313:. pp. 81–82. 8223:Reviews in History 7575:Historical Journal 7497:. pp. 68–128. 7476:Clark, Christopher 7132:, p. 259–272. 7069:on 28 August 2009. 6626:www.britannica.com 6380:as "Gypsies"; the 6323:6 May 2023 at the 6165:Hungarian nobility 5911:Kingdom of Hungary 5845:(Dalmatia, Istria) 5752:Kingdom of Hungary 5662: 5550:Kingdom of Hungary 5546:Hungarian Republic 5530:(which became the 5521: 5513: 5498:Kingdom of Hungary 5450: 5427:Territorial legacy 5337:Kingdom of Hungary 5325:(which became the 5312: 5217: 5203: 5189:Shipping and ports 5176:The length of the 5104: 5038:(1905); Nagyvárad/ 4972:(Troppau) (1905), 4968:Austrian Silesia: 4945:, Olomouc (1899); 4862: 4832: 4815:telephone exchange 4780:Telecommunications 4757:division of labour 4683: 4667: 4575: 4562:Louis I of Hungary 4558: 4542:University of Lwów 4510:Charles University 4506: 4363:Kingdom of Hungary 4310: 4294: 4210:(today's northern 4103:Slovene literature 4091:Count A. Auersperg 4067: 3995: 3980: 3972: 3843:Kingdom of Hungary 3827:Compromise of 1867 3823: 3815: 3749:Yugoslav Committee 3714: 3683:Analysis of defeat 3668: 3528:Royal Italian Army 3512: 3498:Italian troops in 3445:controlled by the 3412:Brusilov Offensive 3383: 3273: 3190: 3179: 3141: 3075:Alexander Izvolsky 3020:Reinsurance Treaty 3008:defensive alliance 2967: 2929:Congress of Berlin 2881: 2834:Parma and Piacenza 2752:Hungary portal 2653:Hungarian language 2643:History of Hungary 2579:Revolution of 1956 2494:First Vienna Award 2484:Kingdom of Hungary 2464:Hungarian Republic 2384:Revolution of 1848 2329:Kingdom of Hungary 2204:Kingdom of Hungary 2164:Kingdom of Hungary 2129:Hungarian conquest 1977:Austria portal 1853:National Socialism 1726:Duchy of Carinthia 1678:House of Babenberg 1584:Kingdom of Noricum 1361:Imperial and Royal 1251:k. u. k. Monarchie 1240:was used (German: 1210: 1187:Kingdom of Romania 1160:Kingdom of Hungary 1060:Emperor of Austria 741:Hungarian Republic 702:Invasion of Serbia 18568:Habsburg monarchy 18503: 18502: 18463: 18462: 18246:Human trafficking 18184: 18183: 18081: 18080: 18045:Political parties 17991:Foreign relations 17958: 17957: 17864: 17863: 17776:People's Republic 17756:Treaty of Trianon 17633: 17632: 17629: 17628: 17318:Piedmont-Sardinia 17070:Sip Song Chau Tai 16880:Thirteen Colonies 16621: 16620: 16025: 16024: 15985: 15984: 15821: 15820: 15755: 15754: 15747:Political parties 15700:Foreign relations 15667: 15666: 15577:History of Vienna 15507:Habsburg monarchy 15431:Hallstatt culture 15377: 15376: 15299: 15298: 15264:Polish–Lithuanian 14439:Gurjara-Pratihara 13883: 13882: 13879: 13878: 13751:Svetozar Boroević 13662:Adm Miklós Horthy 13414:Ministers for War 13099: 13098: 13081: 13080: 12902: 12901: 12801: 12800: 12717:Elections in the 12684: 12683: 12665:Carpathian passes 12620:Military Frontier 12563:Duchy of Salzburg 12530:Austrian Littoral 12515:Duchy of Carniola 12505:Duchy of Bukovina 12444: 12443: 12436:Battle of Budaörs 12366:Austrian Littoral 12341: 12340: 12283:Komancza Republic 12057:Treaty of Trianon 11867:1 (2014): 16–49. 11804:978-0-822-97917-3 11731:Boyd, Kelly, ed. 11578:1 (2014): 16–49. 11567:978-3-205-79588-9 11506:978-0-520-02945-3 11317:978-1-349-42240-1 11151:Tschuppik, Karl. 11079:Redlich, Joseph. 11067:"Austrian Empire" 11007:978-1-400-88996-9 10927:978-0-674-96934-6 10864:978-0-199-54162-1 10695:978-9-958-92712-6 10672:978-0-333-42081-2 10645:978-0-4650-9488-2 10614:978-0-804-77924-1 10480:978-3-214-14876-8 10396:978-1-851-09420-2 10326:Neue Freie Presse 10194:John Scott-Keltie 10096:on 30 August 2011 10070:on 1 October 2011 10009:John Scott-Keltie 9979:978-9-616-50920-6 9938:. 31 March 2020. 9734:978-0-520-23299-0 9687:978-1-139-48951-5 9662:978-3-486-51871-9 9537:. Kislexikon.hu. 9440:978-1-135-91768-5 9398:978-0-199-25340-1 9259:978-1-853-59811-1 9170:, 9781317118442. 8971:978-0-198-21980-4 8896:. pp. 21–32. 8874:978-9-739-89188-2 8744:978-90-04-50161-4 8480:978-0-852-29961-6 8447:978-0-816-07469-3 8350:. pp. 9–10. 8202:978-0-300-17858-6 8173:978-0-313-38370-0 8158:. Bonn, Germany: 8042:978-1-4010-8426-4 8002:978-0-275-94877-1 7917:978-0-674-06319-8 7889:978-1-139-48951-5 7857:978-1-4438-4542-7 7832:978-1-405-14291-5 7807:978-1-317-56810-0 7782:978-0-521-04551-3 7716:978-0-521-85212-8 7657:978-0-8153-0399-2 7422:978-3-706-54526-6 7397:978-1-616-73964-5 7356:978-1-557-53477-4 7317:978-0-385-46938-8 7250:978-0-880-33217-0 7221:978-0-297-85608-5 7196:978-0-460-04519-3 7095:. Mount HolyOak. 6993:978-0-786-74454-1 6763:978-3-540-48707-4 6372:(1878), although 6233:Österreich-Ungarn 6193:Including 64–66% 6134:Austrian nobility 6052:(the villages of 5779:Empire of Austria 5771: 5770: 5680:Empire of Austria 5632:Komancza Republic 5601:Republic of China 5582:Kingdom of Serbia 5540:which became the 5488:Empire of Austria 5458:Treaty of Trianon 5442:Treaty of Trianon 5308:Treaty of Trianon 5294:Treaty of Trianon 5259:Austrian Landwehr 5018:(1897); Temesvár/ 5006:(1895); Szabadka/ 4886:commuter railways 4691:industrialization 4644: 4643: 4532:) was founded by 4512:) was founded by 4493: 4492: 4485: 4467: 4432:"Austria-Hungary" 4342:ethnic minorities 4083:official language 4003:Staatsgrundgesetz 3785:Heinrich Lammasch 3745:Corfu Declaration 3710:Karl I of Austria 3435:Kingdom of Poland 3423:Act of 5 November 3399:Battle of Lemberg 3379:Siege of Przemyśl 3326:By summer 1918, " 3290:Theater (warfare) 2988:Benjamin Disraeli 2905:Otto von Bismarck 2887:was ended by the 2786: 2785: 2617: 2616: 2589:Goulash Communism 2542: 2541: 2474:Treaty of Trianon 2337: 2336: 2222: 2221: 2137: 2136: 2011: 2010: 1835:Ostmark (Austria) 1706:Holy Roman Empire 1701:House of Habsburg 1683:Privilegium Minus 1630:Early Middle Ages 1575:Hallstatt culture 1268:Danubian Monarchy 1256:k. u. k. monarchy 1242:Österreich-Ungarn 1148:Kingdom of Serbia 1068:Habsburg monarchy 1037: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1028: 885:Legal successors: 875: 874: 771:Treaty of Trianon 762:10 September 1919 728:Austrian Republic 608:House of Magnates 587:House of Deputies 508:Heinrich Lammasch 461:• 1916–1918 449:• 1867–1916 154: 18625: 18618:Christian states 18535: 18534: 18532: 18531: 18530: 18525: 18521: 18518: 18517: 18516: 18513: 18483: 18476: 18374: 18367: 18360: 18353: 18329: 18322: 18225: 18195: 18194: 18132: 18112: 18092: 18091: 18071: 18057: 17969: 17968: 17934: 17927: 17920: 17892:Cities and towns 17875: 17874: 17721:Habsburg Kingdom 17684: 17683: 17660: 17653: 17646: 17637: 17636: 17557:Irish Free State 17323:Poland–Lithuania 16632: 16631: 16583:Papua New Guinea 16313: 16312: 16052: 16045: 16038: 16029: 16028: 16005: 15998: 15832: 15831: 15766: 15765: 15678: 15677: 15597: 15596: 15497:Duchy of Austria 15404: 15397: 15390: 15381: 15380: 15180: 15179: 14845:Austro-Hungarian 14545:Chagatai Khanate 13910: 13903: 13896: 13887: 13886: 13836:Stjepan Sarkotić 13821:Maximilian Ronge 13786:Gheorghe Flondor 13776:Georg Dragičević 13538:Francis Joseph I 13440:(GdK) Alexander 13399:Francis Joseph I 13387: 13386: 13209:Alpine companies 13126: 13119: 13112: 13103: 13102: 12912:Croatia-Slavonia 12908: 12907: 12807: 12806: 12731: 12730: 12711: 12704: 12697: 12688: 12687: 12677: 12669: 12661: 12653: 12624: 12586: 12552: 12545: 12538: 12477:Subdivisions of 12471: 12464: 12457: 12448: 12447: 12391:Aster Revolution 12382:Post World War I 12364:South Tyrol and 12329: 12328: 12172: 12171: 12142:Successor states 12063: 12062: 12053: 12052: 12021: 12014: 12007: 11998: 11997: 11925:31 October 2009) 11893: 11853: 11851: 11849: 11808: 11764: 11703: 11693: 11647: 11638: 11571: 11539: 11522:(2–3): 120–139. 11510: 11489: 11468: 11446: 11434: 11425: 11416: 11391: 11358: 11321: 11294: 11273: 11271: 11265:. Archived from 11240: 11210: 11208: 11206: 11161:Turnock, David. 11141: 11114:Austrian Studies 11076: 11059: 11058: 11031: 11029: 11027: 10939: 10893:Herman, Arthur. 10876: 10841: 10803: 10794: 10769: 10732: 10730: 10728: 10699: 10676: 10649: 10630: 10628: 10626: 10599:Tomasevich, Jozo 10593: 10591: 10577: 10565: 10552: 10550: 10539: 10520: 10501: 10484: 10465: 10428: 10422: 10416: 10415: 10410: 10408: 10380: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10369: 10348: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10337: 10318: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10307: 10290:Stangl, Andrea. 10287: 10278: 10272: 10266: 10265: 10243: 10241: 10240: 10234: 10225: 10218: 10212: 10211: 10190: 10184: 10183: 10181: 10179: 10164: 10158: 10157: 10155: 10153: 10148:on 28 March 2009 10144:. Archived from 10138: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10127: 10112: 10106: 10105: 10103: 10101: 10086: 10080: 10079: 10077: 10075: 10059: 10053: 10052: 10050: 10048: 10033: 10027: 10026: 10005: 9999: 9998: 9996: 9994: 9988: 9982:. Archived from 9967: 9958: 9952: 9951: 9949: 9947: 9928: 9922: 9921: 9919: 9917: 9901: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9890: 9875: 9869: 9852: 9846: 9843: 9837: 9836: 9834: 9832: 9817: 9811: 9808: 9802: 9799: 9793: 9789: 9783: 9780: 9774: 9763: 9757: 9745: 9739: 9738: 9718: 9712: 9698: 9692: 9691: 9671: 9665: 9650: 9644: 9641: 9635: 9632: 9626: 9623: 9617: 9614: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9603: 9598:on 11 March 2016 9588: 9582: 9579: 9573: 9572: 9571:on 31 July 2013. 9567:. Archived from 9560: 9551: 9550: 9548: 9546: 9531: 9525: 9510: 9504: 9503: 9501: 9499: 9484: 9478: 9477: 9475: 9473: 9463: 9454: 9451: 9445: 9444: 9421: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9382: 9376: 9372: 9366: 9365: 9357: 9351: 9345: 9339: 9336: 9330: 9327: 9321: 9320: 9312: 9306: 9303: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9292: 9286: 9279: 9270: 9264: 9263: 9243: 9237: 9236: 9234: 9232: 9223:. Archived from 9217: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9206: 9197:. Archived from 9191: 9185: 9156: 9150: 9149: 9147: 9145: 9125: 9119: 9118: 9116: 9109: 9100: 9094: 9093: 9081: 9075: 9074: 9072: 9070: 9055: 9049: 9042: 9036: 9035: 9024: 9018: 9012: 9006: 9000: 8994: 8993: 8986:Zacharia, Fareed 8982: 8976: 8975: 8955: 8949: 8948: 8936: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8925: 8907: 8898: 8897: 8885: 8879: 8878: 8858: 8852: 8851: 8841: 8835: 8834: 8832: 8821: 8812: 8806: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8766: 8760: 8759: 8758: 8756: 8726: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8690:Maney Publishing 8679: 8673: 8666: 8660: 8659: 8639: 8633: 8627: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8601: 8595: 8594: 8592: 8590: 8585:on 20 March 2012 8584: 8577: 8569: 8563: 8558: 8552: 8541: 8535: 8534: 8532: 8530: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8465: 8459: 8458: 8456: 8454: 8427: 8421: 8411: 8405: 8392: 8386: 8380: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8337: 8331: 8325: 8319: 8318: 8300: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8274: 8265: 8259: 8250: 8244: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8213: 8207: 8206: 8184: 8178: 8177: 8151: 8145: 8144:See: 1910 census 8142: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8111: 8105: 8104: 8103:. Histria Books. 8096: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8053: 8047: 8046: 8028: 8022: 8021: 8013: 8007: 8006: 7988: 7982: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7962: 7956: 7955: 7943: 7937: 7936: 7928: 7922: 7921: 7904:Stevenson, David 7900: 7894: 7893: 7868: 7862: 7861: 7843: 7837: 7836: 7818: 7812: 7811: 7793: 7787: 7786: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7750: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7733: 7727:. Archived from 7692: 7683: 7674: 7668: 7662: 7661: 7639: 7633: 7632: 7620: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7603: 7572: 7564:Stevenson, David 7560: 7554: 7553: 7538:Stevenson, David 7534: 7525: 7524: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7472: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7452:. 24 May 2003 . 7446: 7440: 7436: 7430: 7429: 7408: 7402: 7401: 7379: 7373: 7367: 7361: 7360: 7338: 7332: 7331: 7326: 7324: 7305: 7295: 7289: 7288: 7283: 7281: 7264: 7258: 7257: 7236: 7230: 7229: 7207: 7201: 7200: 7182: 7176: 7169: 7163: 7157: 7151: 7148: 7142: 7139: 7133: 7127: 7121: 7115: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7089: 7083: 7077: 7071: 7070: 7059: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7029: 7010: 7004: 6998: 6997: 6975: 6969: 6968: 6960: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6926: 6920: 6919: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6844: 6838: 6833: 6822: 6819: 6813: 6812: 6804: 6795: 6794: 6786: 6778: 6772: 6771: 6766:. Archived from 6747: 6741: 6718:Eva Philippoff: 6716: 6710: 6699: 6693: 6692: 6680: 6671: 6662: 6653:Minahan, James. 6651: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6618: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6556: 6550: 6549: 6536: 6530: 6519: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6477: 6471: 6470: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6442: 6434: 6417: 6414: 6408: 6386: 6366: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6334: 6328: 6312:Fisher, Gilman. 6310: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6283: 6266: 6263: 6257: 6249: 6243: 6226: 6220: 6207: 6201: 6191: 5972:corpus separatum 5964:Međimurje county 5792:Austria (except 5762:Croatia-Slavonia 5672: 5665: 5661: 5596:Kingdom of Italy 5505: 5495: 5485: 5479: 5473: 5467: 5316:successor states 5288:Successor states 5158:István Széchenyi 5050:(1911); Újvidék/ 4976:(Cieszyn) (1911) 4965:, Jihlava (1909) 4963:České Budějovice 4836:Telefon Hírmondó 4578: 4574: 4566:Mattias Corvinus 4488: 4481: 4477: 4474: 4468: 4466: 4425: 4401: 4393: 4383:József Szterényi 4320:politics of the 4246:Ethnic relations 4107:Slovene language 4087:Slavic languages 4075: 4020: 4014: 3992: 3884:Imperial Council 3858: 3776:Aster Revolution 3662:War memorial in 3457:. Following the 3358:Macedonian front 3000:Greater Bulgaria 2895:" in favor of a 2822:Lombardy, Veneto 2790:Battle of Mohács 2778: 2771: 2764: 2750: 2749: 2748: 2555: 2554: 2350: 2349: 2299:Bocskai uprising 2235: 2234: 2150: 2149: 2085: 2084: 2041: 2031: 2013: 2012: 2003: 1996: 1989: 1975: 1974: 1973: 1919:Military history 1904:Economic history 1865:Post-war Austria 1716:Duchy of Austria 1663:Frankish Kingdom 1562: 1552: 1534: 1533: 1477: 1457: 1449: 1441: 1433: 1423:Crown of Bohemia 1411: 1403: 1393: 1385: 1377: 1369: 1357: 1350: 1338: 1327: 1296:Der Doppel-Adler 1292:The Double Eagle 1284:Doppel-Monarchie 1257: 1253: 1235: 1191:Kingdom of Italy 1025: 1024: 1011: 1010: 997: 996: 983: 982: 969: 968: 955: 954: 941: 940: 933: 923: 922: 909: 908: 895: 894: 887: 879: 878: 866: 865: 859: 858: 843: 842: 834: 826: 763: 757: 746:16 November 1918 733:12 November 1918 715:Empire dissolved 573:Imperial Council 417:Austro-Hungarian 391:Eastern Orthodox 290:Croatia-Slavonia 223: 204: 194: 184: 180: 173: 167: 156: 155: 136: 115: 91: 84: 67: 66: 65: 57: 50: 49: 41: 28: 27: 18633: 18632: 18628: 18627: 18626: 18624: 18623: 18622: 18548:Austria-Hungary 18538: 18537: 18528: 18526: 18522: 18519: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18507: 18506: 18504: 18499: 18486: 18479: 18472: 18459: 18370: 18363: 18356: 18349: 18325: 18318: 18300: 18286:Public holidays 18221: 18180: 18130: 18108: 18077: 18069: 18055: 18011:Law enforcement 17954: 17930: 17923: 17916: 17860: 17790: 17771:Second Republic 17673: 17664: 17634: 17625: 17550:princely states 17498: 17434:Kingdom of Fiji 17407: 17153:Austria-Hungary 17121: 16884: 16818: 16617: 16603:Solomon Islands 16517: 16499: 16431: 16346: 16304: 16236: 16182:Democratization 16150: 16094: 16061: 16056: 16026: 16021: 16008: 16001: 15994: 15981: 15972:Public holidays 15967:National anthem 15903: 15844:Austrian people 15817: 15751: 15663: 15586: 15532:Austria-Hungary 15517:Austrian Empire 15470:Germanic tribes 15417: 15408: 15378: 15373: 15362:American Empire 15347: 15343:African empires 15295: 15178: 14870:Central African 14816: 14634:Romano-Germanic 14220: 13954:Middle Assyrian 13927: 13919: 13914: 13884: 13875: 13866:Georg von Trapp 13861:Giovanni Luppis 13771:Günther Burstyn 13724: 13672: 13666: 13615: 13609: 13563: 13557: 13524: 13517: 13475:von Krieghammer 13448:Feldzeugmeister 13430:FML Franz Kuhn 13408: 13378: 13366:Luftfahrtruppen 13353: 13349:Danube Flotilla 13343:Seefliegerkorps 13301: 13293: 13285: 13284: 13273: 13135: 13130: 13100: 13095: 13077: 13014: 12898: 12797: 12725: 12723:Austria-Hungary 12719:Austrian Empire 12715: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12667: 12659: 12643: 12627: 12622: 12591: 12582: 12578:County of Tyrol 12573:Duchy of Styria 12548: 12541: 12534: 12481: 12479:Austria-Hungary 12475: 12445: 12440: 12384:armed conflicts 12383: 12377: 12337: 12326: 12325: 12308:Hutsul Republic 12244: 12213: 12170: 12137: 12128:Clemenceau Note 12081: 12060: 12059: 12050: 12049: 12030: 12025: 11981:Wayback Machine 11943:Wayback Machine 11939:Austria–Hungary 11908:Austria–Hungary 11903: 11898: 11885: 11876:Wayback Machine 11847: 11845: 11805: 11780:Wayback Machine 11728: 11654: 11652:Primary sources 11625:Wank, Solomon. 11621:Wayback Machine 11604:Wayback Machine 11587:Wayback Machine 11568: 11551:Wayback Machine 11507: 11486: 11465: 11381:Wayback Machine 11318: 11269: 11238: 11223: 11217: 11204: 11202: 11193: 11125:Wayback Machine 11116:(2012) 20:5–23 11056: 11025: 11023: 11008: 10965:May, Arthur J. 10958:Mason, John W. 10928: 10865: 10822: 10726: 10724: 10711: 10707: 10705:Further reading 10702: 10696: 10684:(in Croatian). 10673: 10646: 10638:. Basic Books. 10624: 10622: 10615: 10536: 10517: 10481: 10454: 10437: 10432: 10431: 10425:Williamson 1991 10423: 10419: 10406: 10404: 10397: 10381: 10377: 10367: 10365: 10350: 10349: 10345: 10335: 10333: 10320: 10319: 10315: 10305: 10303: 10288: 10281: 10273: 10269: 10252:Austria-Hungary 10238: 10236: 10235: 10228: 10219: 10215: 10191: 10187: 10177: 10175: 10166: 10165: 10161: 10151: 10149: 10140: 10139: 10135: 10125: 10123: 10114: 10113: 10109: 10099: 10097: 10090:"Baron Gautsch" 10088: 10087: 10083: 10073: 10071: 10060: 10056: 10046: 10044: 10035: 10034: 10030: 10006: 10002: 9992: 9990: 9986: 9980: 9965: 9959: 9955: 9945: 9943: 9930: 9929: 9925: 9915: 9913: 9902: 9898: 9888: 9886: 9877: 9876: 9872: 9867:Wayback Machine 9853: 9849: 9844: 9840: 9830: 9828: 9819: 9818: 9814: 9809: 9805: 9800: 9796: 9790: 9786: 9781: 9777: 9764: 9760: 9746: 9742: 9735: 9719: 9715: 9699: 9695: 9688: 9672: 9668: 9651: 9647: 9642: 9638: 9633: 9629: 9624: 9620: 9615: 9611: 9601: 9599: 9590: 9589: 9585: 9580: 9576: 9561: 9554: 9544: 9542: 9533: 9532: 9528: 9511: 9507: 9497: 9495: 9486: 9485: 9481: 9471: 9469: 9465: 9464: 9457: 9452: 9448: 9441: 9425:Berend, Iván T. 9422: 9418: 9408: 9406: 9399: 9383: 9379: 9373: 9369: 9358: 9354: 9346: 9342: 9337: 9333: 9328: 9324: 9313: 9309: 9304: 9300: 9290: 9288: 9284: 9277: 9271: 9267: 9260: 9244: 9240: 9230: 9228: 9219: 9218: 9214: 9204: 9202: 9201:on 1 March 2012 9193: 9192: 9188: 9182:Wayback Machine 9157: 9153: 9143: 9141: 9126: 9122: 9114: 9107: 9101: 9097: 9082: 9078: 9068: 9066: 9057: 9056: 9052: 9043: 9039: 9028:Wyman, David S. 9025: 9021: 9015:Rothenberg 1976 9013: 9009: 9003:Rothenberg 1976 9001: 8997: 8983: 8979: 8972: 8956: 8952: 8937: 8933: 8923: 8921: 8908: 8901: 8886: 8882: 8875: 8859: 8855: 8842: 8838: 8830: 8819: 8813: 8809: 8797: 8793: 8783: 8781: 8768: 8767: 8763: 8754: 8752: 8745: 8727: 8723: 8713: 8711: 8704: 8680: 8676: 8672:, 1998, p. 366. 8667: 8663: 8640: 8636: 8628: 8624: 8614: 8612: 8603: 8602: 8598: 8588: 8586: 8582: 8575: 8571: 8570: 8566: 8559: 8555: 8542: 8538: 8528: 8526: 8519: 8511:. p. 320. 8499: 8495: 8485: 8483: 8481: 8467: 8466: 8462: 8452: 8450: 8448: 8440:. p. 401. 8428: 8424: 8412: 8408: 8402:Wayback Machine 8393: 8389: 8381: 8377: 8367: 8365: 8358: 8338: 8334: 8326: 8322: 8301: 8297: 8287: 8285: 8284:on 21 June 2006 8276: 8275: 8268: 8260: 8253: 8245: 8241: 8214: 8210: 8203: 8185: 8181: 8174: 8152: 8148: 8143: 8139: 8129: 8127: 8112: 8108: 8097: 8093: 8083: 8081: 8074: 8066:. p. 112. 8054: 8050: 8043: 8029: 8025: 8014: 8010: 8003: 7989: 7985: 7975: 7973: 7972:on 23 June 2011 7964: 7963: 7959: 7944: 7940: 7929: 7925: 7918: 7901: 7897: 7890: 7869: 7865: 7858: 7844: 7840: 7833: 7819: 7815: 7808: 7794: 7790: 7783: 7766: 7762: 7751: 7747: 7737: 7735: 7731: 7717: 7690: 7684: 7677: 7669: 7665: 7658: 7640: 7636: 7621: 7617: 7607: 7605: 7601: 7570: 7561: 7557: 7535: 7528: 7506: 7502: 7491: 7487: 7473: 7469: 7459: 7457: 7448: 7447: 7443: 7437: 7433: 7423: 7409: 7405: 7398: 7380: 7376: 7370:Tomasevich 2001 7368: 7364: 7357: 7339: 7335: 7322: 7320: 7318: 7296: 7292: 7279: 7277: 7266: 7265: 7261: 7251: 7237: 7233: 7222: 7214:. Hachette UK. 7208: 7204: 7197: 7183: 7179: 7170: 7166: 7158: 7154: 7149: 7145: 7140: 7136: 7128: 7124: 7116: 7112: 7102: 7100: 7091: 7090: 7086: 7078: 7074: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7046: 7044: 7031: 7030: 7013: 7005: 7001: 6994: 6976: 6972: 6961: 6957: 6947: 6945: 6930:Roider, Karl A. 6927: 6923: 6876: 6872: 6862: 6860: 6845: 6841: 6834: 6825: 6820: 6816: 6805: 6798: 6784:"Austria" 6779: 6775: 6764: 6748: 6744: 6717: 6713: 6700: 6696: 6672: 6665: 6652: 6645: 6635: 6633: 6620: 6619: 6615: 6605: 6603: 6596:Magyar Tudomány 6584: 6580: 6573: 6557: 6553: 6537: 6533: 6520: 6516: 6506: 6504: 6495: 6494: 6490: 6479: 6478: 6474: 6463: 6462: 6458: 6435: 6420: 6415: 6411: 6384: 6367: 6363: 6353: 6351: 6338:"Austria-Races" 6336: 6335: 6331: 6325:Wayback Machine 6311: 6307: 6297: 6295: 6284: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6260: 6251:The concept of 6250: 6246: 6227: 6223: 6208: 6204: 6192: 6188: 6183: 6125: 5980:Central Croatia 5869:Ivano-Frankivsk 5831:, parts of the 5745: 5673: 5660: 5624:Hutsul Republic 5591:Greater Romania 5511: 5503: 5501: 5493: 5491: 5483: 5481: 5477: 5475: 5471: 5469: 5465: 5434: 5429: 5405: 5300: 5292:Main articles: 5290: 5243: 5237: 5191: 5174: 5154: 5131: 5096: 4959:Mariánské Lázně 4914: 4875: 4854: 4846:Main articles: 4844: 4824: 4811: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4731:Hungarian plain 4679:Long Depression 4655: 4649: 4550: 4534:Duke Rudolph IV 4520:established in 4498: 4489: 4478: 4472: 4469: 4426: 4424: 4414: 4402: 4391: 4367:Vilmos Vázsonyi 4338:ethnic violence 4288:, built by the 4256:Istro-Romanians 4248: 4139:. According to 4129:private schools 4050:(Znióváralja). 3964: 3942: 3936: 3880:Diet of Hungary 3833:domains into a 3807: 3801: 3732:Fourteen Points 3720: 3703: 3685: 3656: 3654:Role of Hungary 3619: 3613: 3607:on 3 November. 3601:Vittorio Veneto 3540:Strafexpedition 3492: 3486: 3465:of the nascent 3455:war with Russia 3451:Regency Council 3439:Congress Poland 3372: 3366: 3342: 3336: 3312: 3306: 3292: 3286: 3270: 3257: 3251: 3206:László Szőgyény 3153:Bosnian Muslims 3137:Gavrilo Princip 3125: 3119: 3107:Main articles: 3105: 3100: 3094: 3056:Franz Ferdinand 3012:Triple Alliance 2939: 2927:Main articles: 2925: 2893:German question 2870: 2803:Austrian Empire 2782: 2746: 2744: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2668:Hungarian Kings 2627: 2619: 2618: 2603:1989–2012 2593:1956–1989 2573:1949–1989 2563:1946–1949 2552: 2544: 2543: 2538:1941–1945 2508:1939–1945 2488:1920–1946 2468:1919–1920 2448:1918–1919 2438:1918–1941 2434:Interwar period 2428:1914–1918 2418:1867–1918 2408:1867–1918 2394:Hungarian State 2388:1848–1849 2378:1825–1848 2368:1711–1867 2358:1703–1711 2347: 2339: 2338: 2333:1699–1867 2323:1682–1685 2313:1664–1671 2303:1604–1606 2293:1570–1711 2283:1541–1699 2279:Ottoman Hungary 2273:1526–1699 2263:1526–1570 2253:1526–1699 2232: 2224: 2223: 2218:1366–1526 2208:1301–1526 2198:1241–1242 2178:1102–1918 2168:1000–1301 2147: 2139: 2138: 2082: 2074: 2073: 2049: 2029: 2022: 2007: 1971: 1969: 1959: 1958: 1889: 1881: 1880: 1866: 1858: 1857: 1848: 1840: 1839: 1800: 1792: 1791: 1777: 1769: 1768: 1764:Austria-Hungary 1754:Austrian Empire 1749:Habsburg empire 1739: 1731: 1730: 1721:Duchy of Styria 1696: 1688: 1687: 1631: 1623: 1622: 1570: 1550: 1543: 1532: 1526: 1521: 1276:Dunai Monarchia 1238:Austria–Hungary 1199: 1113:Austrian Empire 1064:King of Hungary 1040:Austria-Hungary 1022: 1008: 994: 980: 966: 952: 938: 929: 920: 906: 892: 883: 870:Austrian Empire 863: 837: 832: 824: 807: 773: 761: 758: 753: 743: 730: 720:31 October 1918 717: 704: 691: 678: 665: 652: 650:1867 Compromise 638: 629:New Imperialism 617: 601: 599:Diet of Hungary 591: 575: 546: 534: 504: 496:F. F. von Beust 492: 466:Karl I & IV 462: 450: 407: 371: 295: 256: 225: 224: 210: 209: 202: 200: 192: 190: 182: 174: 145: 143: 137: 116: 101: 100: 99: 87: 85: 68: 59: 52: 51: 43: 36: 35: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 18631: 18621: 18620: 18615: 18610: 18605: 18600: 18595: 18590: 18585: 18580: 18575: 18570: 18565: 18560: 18558:Former empires 18555: 18550: 18501: 18500: 18498: 18497: 18492: 18485: 18484: 18477: 18469: 18468: 18465: 18464: 18461: 18460: 18458: 18457: 18452: 18447: 18442: 18437: 18432: 18427: 18422: 18417: 18412: 18407: 18402: 18397: 18392: 18387: 18382: 18377: 18376: 18375: 18368: 18361: 18354: 18342: 18337: 18332: 18331: 18330: 18323: 18310: 18308: 18302: 18301: 18299: 18298: 18293: 18288: 18283: 18278: 18273: 18268: 18263: 18258: 18253: 18248: 18243: 18238: 18233: 18228: 18227: 18226: 18214: 18209: 18204: 18198: 18192: 18186: 18185: 18182: 18181: 18179: 18178: 18173: 18168: 18163: 18158: 18153: 18148: 18146:Stock exchange 18143: 18138: 18133: 18125: 18120: 18115: 18114: 18113: 18101: 18095: 18089: 18083: 18082: 18079: 18078: 18076: 18075: 18074: 18073: 18064:Prime Minister 18061: 18060: 18059: 18047: 18042: 18041: 18040: 18030: 18025: 18024: 18023: 18013: 18008: 18003: 17998: 17993: 17988: 17983: 17978: 17972: 17966: 17960: 17959: 17956: 17955: 17953: 17952: 17947: 17945:National parks 17942: 17937: 17936: 17935: 17928: 17921: 17909: 17904: 17902:Extreme points 17899: 17894: 17889: 17884: 17878: 17872: 17866: 17865: 17862: 17861: 17859: 17858: 17853: 17848: 17843: 17842: 17841: 17836: 17831: 17821: 17816: 17811: 17806: 17801: 17795: 17792: 17791: 17789: 17788: 17786:Third Republic 17783: 17778: 17773: 17768: 17763: 17758: 17753: 17751:First Republic 17748: 17743: 17738: 17733: 17728: 17723: 17718: 17713: 17708: 17703: 17698: 17693: 17687: 17681: 17675: 17674: 17663: 17662: 17655: 17648: 17640: 17631: 17630: 17627: 17626: 17624: 17623: 17618: 17613: 17608: 17603: 17598: 17593: 17588: 17583: 17578: 17573: 17568: 17563: 17554: 17538: 17533: 17528: 17523: 17518: 17512: 17506: 17504: 17500: 17499: 17497: 17496: 17491: 17486: 17481: 17476: 17471: 17466: 17461: 17456: 17451: 17446: 17441: 17436: 17431: 17426: 17421: 17415: 17413: 17409: 17408: 17406: 17405: 17400: 17395: 17390: 17385: 17380: 17375: 17370: 17365: 17360: 17355: 17350: 17345: 17340: 17335: 17330: 17325: 17320: 17315: 17310: 17308:Ottoman Empire 17305: 17300: 17295: 17290: 17285: 17280: 17275: 17270: 17268:Kartli-Kakheti 17265: 17260: 17255: 17250: 17245: 17240: 17235: 17230: 17225: 17220: 17215: 17210: 17205: 17200: 17195: 17190: 17185: 17180: 17175: 17170: 17165: 17160: 17155: 17150: 17145: 17140: 17135: 17129: 17127: 17123: 17122: 17120: 17119: 17107: 17102: 17097: 17092: 17087: 17082: 17077: 17072: 17067: 17062: 17057: 17050: 17045: 17040: 17035: 17030: 17025: 17020: 17015: 17010: 17005: 17000: 16995: 16990: 16985: 16980: 16975: 16970: 16965: 16960: 16950: 16943: 16938: 16933: 16928: 16923: 16918: 16913: 16908: 16903: 16898: 16892: 16890: 16886: 16885: 16883: 16882: 16877: 16872: 16867: 16862: 16857: 16852: 16847: 16842: 16837: 16832: 16826: 16824: 16820: 16819: 16817: 16816: 16809: 16804: 16799: 16794: 16789: 16784: 16779: 16774: 16769: 16764: 16759: 16754: 16749: 16744: 16739: 16734: 16729: 16724: 16719: 16714: 16709: 16704: 16699: 16694: 16689: 16684: 16679: 16677:Central Africa 16674: 16669: 16664: 16659: 16654: 16649: 16644: 16638: 16636: 16629: 16623: 16622: 16619: 16618: 16616: 16615: 16613:United Kingdom 16610: 16605: 16600: 16595: 16590: 16585: 16580: 16579: 16578: 16573: 16563: 16558: 16553: 16548: 16543: 16538: 16533: 16527: 16525: 16519: 16518: 16516: 16515: 16509: 16507: 16501: 16500: 16498: 16497: 16492: 16487: 16482: 16477: 16472: 16467: 16462: 16457: 16452: 16447: 16441: 16439: 16433: 16432: 16430: 16429: 16422: 16417: 16412: 16407: 16402: 16397: 16392: 16387: 16382: 16377: 16372: 16367: 16362: 16356: 16354: 16348: 16347: 16345: 16344: 16337: 16332: 16327: 16321: 16319: 16310: 16306: 16305: 16303: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16270:Prince regnant 16267: 16266: 16265: 16255: 16250: 16244: 16242: 16238: 16237: 16235: 16234: 16229: 16224: 16219: 16214: 16209: 16204: 16199: 16194: 16189: 16187:Decolonization 16184: 16179: 16174: 16169: 16164: 16158: 16156: 16152: 16151: 16149: 16148: 16143: 16141:Personal union 16138: 16133: 16128: 16123: 16118: 16113: 16111:Constitutional 16108: 16102: 16100: 16096: 16095: 16093: 16092: 16087: 16082: 16077: 16072: 16066: 16063: 16062: 16055: 16054: 16047: 16040: 16032: 16023: 16022: 16020: 16019: 16014: 16007: 16006: 15999: 15991: 15990: 15987: 15986: 15983: 15982: 15980: 15979: 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15949: 15944: 15939: 15929: 15924: 15919: 15913: 15911: 15905: 15904: 15902: 15901: 15896: 15886: 15881: 15876: 15871: 15866: 15861: 15856: 15851: 15846: 15841: 15835: 15829: 15823: 15822: 15819: 15818: 15816: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15775: 15769: 15763: 15757: 15756: 15753: 15752: 15750: 15749: 15744: 15739: 15734: 15729: 15724: 15723: 15722: 15712: 15707: 15702: 15697: 15692: 15687: 15685:Climate change 15681: 15675: 15669: 15668: 15665: 15664: 15662: 15661: 15656: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15600: 15594: 15588: 15587: 15585: 15584: 15579: 15574: 15569: 15564: 15559: 15554: 15549: 15544: 15539: 15537:German Austria 15534: 15529: 15524: 15519: 15514: 15509: 15504: 15499: 15494: 15489: 15488: 15487: 15482: 15477: 15467: 15466: 15465: 15460: 15455: 15445: 15444: 15443: 15433: 15427: 15425: 15419: 15418: 15407: 15406: 15399: 15392: 15384: 15375: 15374: 15372: 15371: 15370: 15369: 15364: 15355: 15353: 15349: 15348: 15346: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15330: 15325: 15320: 15319: 15318: 15307: 15305: 15301: 15300: 15297: 15296: 15294: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15278: 15273: 15272: 15271: 15261: 15256: 15251: 15246: 15241: 15236: 15231: 15226: 15221: 15216: 15215: 15214: 15209: 15199: 15194: 15188: 15186: 15177: 15176: 15175: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15159: 15154: 15144: 15139: 15138: 15137: 15127: 15122: 15121: 15120: 15115: 15110: 15100: 15095: 15094: 15093: 15088: 15078: 15077: 15076: 15071: 15066: 15061: 15056: 15046: 15045: 15044: 15039: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15013: 15012: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14982: 14981: 14980: 14975: 14965: 14960: 14959: 14958: 14953: 14943: 14942: 14941: 14936: 14926: 14925: 14924: 14919: 14909: 14904: 14903: 14902: 14897: 14892: 14887: 14882: 14872: 14867: 14866: 14865: 14860: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14837: 14832: 14826: 14824: 14818: 14817: 14815: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14798: 14797: 14792: 14787: 14782: 14777: 14772: 14767: 14757: 14752: 14751: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14735: 14730: 14725: 14715: 14714: 14713: 14708: 14703: 14698: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14647: 14646: 14641: 14631: 14630: 14629: 14624: 14619: 14614: 14609: 14604: 14591: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14575: 14574: 14569: 14564: 14554: 14553: 14552: 14547: 14542: 14537: 14527: 14522: 14517: 14512: 14507: 14502: 14501: 14500: 14495: 14490: 14485: 14475: 14474: 14473: 14468: 14463: 14458: 14448: 14447: 14446: 14441: 14436: 14426: 14421: 14416: 14411: 14406: 14405: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14384: 14379: 14378: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14342: 14341: 14340: 14335: 14325: 14324: 14323: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14298: 14293: 14292: 14291: 14281: 14280: 14279: 14274: 14266: 14261: 14256: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14230: 14228: 14226:Post-classical 14222: 14221: 14219: 14218: 14217: 14216: 14206: 14201: 14200: 14199: 14194: 14184: 14183: 14182: 14172: 14171: 14170: 14165: 14160: 14155: 14150: 14145: 14135: 14130: 14125: 14124: 14123: 14118: 14113: 14108: 14098: 14097: 14096: 14091: 14081: 14076: 14075: 14074: 14069: 14064: 14059: 14054: 14044: 14039: 14034: 14033: 14032: 14027: 14025:Middle Kingdom 14022: 14012: 14007: 14006: 14005: 14000: 13995: 13985: 13984: 13983: 13981:Neo-Babylonian 13978: 13973: 13971:Old Babylonian 13963: 13962: 13961: 13956: 13946: 13941: 13935: 13933: 13921: 13920: 13913: 13912: 13905: 13898: 13890: 13881: 13880: 13877: 13876: 13874: 13873: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13856:Franz von Keil 13853: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13813: 13811:Oskar Potiorek 13808: 13803: 13801:Rudolf Maister 13798: 13793: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13773: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13732: 13730: 13726: 13725: 13723: 13722: 13719: 13714: 13711: 13706: 13700: 13694: 13688: 13682: 13676: 13674: 13668: 13667: 13665: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13643: 13637: 13631: 13625: 13619: 13617: 13611: 13610: 13608: 13607: 13601: 13593: 13588: 13582: 13579: 13573: 13569: 13567: 13559: 13558: 13556: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13529: 13527: 13519: 13518: 13516: 13515: 13507: 13499: 13493: 13483: 13476: 13469: 13462: 13457:FZM Ferdinand 13455: 13445: 13435: 13428: 13418: 13416: 13410: 13409: 13407: 13406: 13401: 13395: 13393: 13384: 13380: 13379: 13377: 13376: 13375: 13374: 13361: 13359: 13355: 13354: 13352: 13351: 13346: 13339: 13338: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13309: 13307: 13303: 13302: 13276: 13274: 13272: 13271: 13266: 13263:Grenz infantry 13259: 13252: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13218: 13211: 13206: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13180: 13179: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13143: 13141: 13137: 13136: 13129: 13128: 13121: 13114: 13106: 13097: 13096: 13091: 13089: 13083: 13082: 13079: 13078: 13076: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13024: 13022: 13016: 13015: 13013: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12952: 12947: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12916: 12914: 12904: 12903: 12900: 12899: 12897: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12866: 12861: 12856: 12851: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12815: 12813: 12811:Transleithania 12803: 12802: 12799: 12798: 12796: 12795: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12739: 12737: 12727: 12726: 12714: 12713: 12706: 12699: 12691: 12682: 12681: 12679: 12678: 12670: 12662: 12654: 12637: 12635: 12629: 12628: 12626: 12625: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12601: 12599: 12597:Transleithania 12593: 12592: 12590: 12589: 12588: 12587: 12575: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12554: 12553: 12546: 12539: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12491: 12489: 12483: 12482: 12474: 12473: 12466: 12459: 12451: 12442: 12441: 12439: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12393: 12387: 12385: 12379: 12378: 12376: 12375: 12369: 12362: 12356: 12349: 12347: 12343: 12342: 12339: 12338: 12336: 12335: 12330: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12305: 12300: 12295: 12293:Lemko Republic 12290: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12274: 12273: 12268: 12266:Banat Republic 12258: 12252: 12250: 12246: 12245: 12243: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12221: 12219: 12215: 12214: 12212: 12211: 12206: 12205: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12187:German Bohemia 12178: 12176: 12169: 12168: 12167: 12166: 12156: 12151: 12149:Czechoslovakia 12145: 12143: 12139: 12138: 12136: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12089: 12087: 12083: 12082: 12080: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12054: 12044: 12038: 12036: 12032: 12031: 12024: 12023: 12016: 12009: 12001: 11995: 11994: 11988: 11983: 11971: 11966: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11947:heads of state 11936: 11931: 11926: 11916: 11911: 11902: 11901:External links 11899: 11897: 11896: 11884: 11881: 11880: 11879: 11878:historiography 11861: 11854: 11809: 11803: 11782: 11765: 11753:10.1086/675880 11747:(2): 336–380. 11736: 11727: 11724: 11723: 11722: 11711: 11704: 11682:10.2307/197930 11665: 11653: 11650: 11649: 11648: 11639: 11630: 11623: 11608:Vermes, Gabor 11606: 11589: 11572: 11566: 11553: 11540: 11511: 11505: 11490: 11484: 11469: 11463: 11450: 11435: 11426: 11417: 11392: 11383: 11366: 11359: 11339:10.1086/600693 11333:(3): 336–344. 11322: 11316: 11295: 11285:(249): 50–64. 11274: 11231: 11216: 11213: 11212: 11211: 11191: 11184: 11177: 11166: 11159: 11149: 11142: 11127: 11110: 11100: 11090: 11077: 11053: 11041:Palmer, Alan. 11039: 11032: 11006: 10983: 10973: 10963: 10956: 10947: 10940: 10926: 10905: 10898: 10891: 10884: 10877: 10863: 10842: 10820: 10807: 10795: 10770: 10744:(4): 629–680. 10733: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10700: 10694: 10677: 10671: 10650: 10644: 10631: 10613: 10595: 10582:Taylor, A.J.P. 10578: 10566: 10554: 10540: 10534: 10521: 10515: 10502: 10485: 10479: 10466: 10452: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10430: 10429: 10417: 10395: 10375: 10343: 10313: 10296:habsburger.net 10279: 10267: 10256:Chisholm, Hugh 10226: 10213: 10185: 10159: 10133: 10107: 10081: 10054: 10028: 10000: 9978: 9953: 9923: 9896: 9870: 9847: 9838: 9812: 9803: 9794: 9784: 9775: 9758: 9740: 9733: 9713: 9693: 9686: 9666: 9645: 9636: 9627: 9618: 9609: 9583: 9574: 9552: 9526: 9505: 9479: 9455: 9446: 9439: 9416: 9397: 9377: 9367: 9352: 9340: 9331: 9322: 9319:. p. 355. 9307: 9298: 9265: 9258: 9238: 9212: 9186: 9151: 9120: 9110:. p. 42. 9095: 9076: 9050: 9037: 9034:. p. 474. 9019: 9017:, p. 128. 9007: 9005:, p. 118. 8995: 8977: 8970: 8950: 8931: 8899: 8880: 8873: 8853: 8836: 8817:"Transilvania" 8807: 8791: 8761: 8743: 8721: 8702: 8674: 8661: 8650:(2): 288–309. 8634: 8622: 8596: 8564: 8553: 8536: 8517: 8493: 8479: 8460: 8446: 8422: 8406: 8387: 8375: 8356: 8332: 8320: 8295: 8266: 8251: 8249:, p. 536. 8239: 8208: 8201: 8179: 8172: 8146: 8137: 8106: 8091: 8072: 8059:Armistice 1918 8048: 8041: 8023: 8008: 8001: 7983: 7957: 7938: 7923: 7916: 7895: 7888: 7863: 7856: 7838: 7831: 7813: 7806: 7788: 7781: 7760: 7745: 7715: 7675: 7663: 7656: 7634: 7615: 7555: 7526: 7500: 7485: 7467: 7441: 7431: 7421: 7403: 7396: 7374: 7362: 7355: 7333: 7316: 7290: 7259: 7249: 7231: 7220: 7202: 7195: 7177: 7164: 7152: 7143: 7134: 7122: 7110: 7084: 7072: 7054: 7011: 6999: 6992: 6970: 6955: 6921: 6870: 6839: 6823: 6814: 6796: 6773: 6762: 6742: 6711: 6694: 6683:Chisholm, Hugh 6663: 6643: 6613: 6578: 6571: 6551: 6540:Gyula Andrássy 6531: 6514: 6488: 6472: 6456: 6445:Chisholm, Hugh 6418: 6409: 6361: 6329: 6305: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6258: 6253:Eastern Europe 6244: 6221: 6202: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6136: 6131: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6100: 6099: 6096: 6094:Ottoman Empire 6087: 6084:Adriatic coast 6069: 6039: 6038: 6027: 6013: 5990: 5983: 5953: 5943: 5932: 5927: 5917:Transleithania 5907: 5906: 5887: 5880: 5861: 5846: 5840: 5821: 5811: 5804:Czech Republic 5801: 5769: 5768: 5758:Hungary proper 5748:Transleithania 5659: 5656: 5640: 5639: 5628:Lemko Republic 5608: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5575: 5558: 5552: 5535: 5528:German Austria 5502: 5492: 5482: 5476: 5470: 5464: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5417:Little Entente 5404: 5401: 5395:, France. The 5341: 5340: 5330: 5323:German Austria 5289: 5286: 5239:Main article: 5236: 5233: 5190: 5187: 5173: 5170: 5153: 5150: 5130: 5127: 5108:Budapest Metro 5095: 5092: 5091: 5090: 5063: 5054:(1911); Kassa/ 4996: 4995: 4984: 4977: 4966: 4939: 4932: 4913: 4910: 4874: 4871: 4866:Western Europe 4843: 4842:Rail transport 4840: 4823: 4820: 4810: 4807: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4775:Infrastructure 4773: 4651:Main article: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4641: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4630: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4618: 4617: 4614: 4610: 4609: 4606: 4602: 4601: 4598: 4594: 4593: 4590: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4549: 4546: 4497: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4405: 4403: 4396: 4390: 4387: 4379:János Harkányi 4375:János Teleszky 4308:, Vienna, 1915 4282:Romantic-style 4260:Diet of Istria 4247: 4244: 3958:Austro-Slavism 3938:Main article: 3935: 3932: 3923:Hungarian army 3903:Bosnian crisis 3876:prime minister 3847:Transleithania 3803:Main article: 3800: 3797: 3772:Mihály Károlyi 3737:Robert Lansing 3728:Woodrow Wilson 3716:Main article: 3702: 3699: 3684: 3681: 3655: 3652: 3615:Main article: 3612: 3609: 3557:trench warfare 3549:Asiago plateau 3517:Chief of Staff 3515:organization. 3488:Main article: 3485: 3482: 3447:Central Powers 3395:Polish Legions 3368:Main article: 3365: 3362: 3338:Main article: 3335: 3332: 3305: 3302: 3285: 3282: 3250: 3247: 3243:Entente powers 3231:July Ultimatum 3214:German Emperor 3177:, 29 June 1914 3104: 3101: 3096:Main article: 3093: 3090: 3067:Bosnian Crisis 2924: 2921: 2869: 2866: 2826:Modena, Reggio 2805:. The ensuing 2784: 2783: 2781: 2780: 2773: 2766: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2561: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2506: 2500: 2499: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2460: 2459: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2446: 2440: 2439: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2366: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2341: 2340: 2335: 2334: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2261: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2233: 2230: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2210: 2209: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2196: 2190: 2189: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2158:895–1000 2156: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2125: 2124: 2123:~800–970 2121: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2109:Avar Khaganate 2105: 2104: 2101: 2095: 2094: 2091: 2083: 2081:Early medieval 2080: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2066: 2064:Roman Pannonia 2061: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2034: 2033: 2024: 2023: 2016: 2009: 2008: 2006: 2005: 1998: 1991: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1924:Rail transport 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1855: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1801: 1799:Interwar years 1798: 1797: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1587: 1577: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1555: 1554: 1545: 1544: 1537: 1528:Main article: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1489: 1488: 1461:Transleithania 1455:Magyar királyi 1426: 1415:Imperial-Royal 1396: 1340: 1339: 1328: 1288:Dual-Monarchia 1272:Donaumonarchie 1198: 1195: 1140:Central Powers 1133:Bosnian crisis 1103:, which was a 1056:Central Europe 1035: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1019: 1013: 1012: 1005: 999: 998: 991: 985: 984: 977: 971: 970: 963: 957: 956: 949: 947:Czechoslovakia 943: 942: 935: 925: 924: 917: 911: 910: 903: 897: 896: 889: 876: 873: 872: 867: 855: 854: 849: 839: 838: 836: 835: 827: 818: 816: 812: 811: 808: 805: 802: 801: 795: 794: 791: 787: 786: 782: 781: 778: 777: 774: 768: 765: 764: 759: 751: 748: 747: 744: 738: 735: 734: 731: 725: 722: 721: 718: 712: 709: 708: 705: 699: 696: 695: 692: 686: 683: 682: 681:6 October 1908 679: 676:Bosnian Crisis 673: 670: 669: 668:7 October 1879 666: 660: 657: 656: 653: 647: 644: 643: 640: 639: 637: 636: 631: 625: 623: 622:Historical era 619: 618: 616: 615: 610: 604: 602: 596: 593: 592: 590: 589: 584: 582:House of Lords 578: 576: 570: 567: 566: 561: 557: 556: 553: 552: 550:Mihály Károlyi 547: 544: 541: 540: 538:Gyula Andrássy 535: 532: 529: 528: 525: 524: 521: 515: 514: 511: 510: 505: 502: 499: 498: 493: 490: 487: 486: 483: 482: 479: 473: 472: 469: 468: 463: 460: 457: 456: 454:Franz Joseph I 451: 448: 445: 444: 441: 440: 437: 431: 430: 425: 419: 418: 415: 409: 408: 406: 405: 399: 393: 387: 381: 374: 372: 365: 361: 360: 353:Istro-Romanian 347:, and others ( 301: 297: 296: 294: 293: 283: 278: 272: 270: 266: 265: 262: 258: 257: 255: 254: 244: 233: 231: 227: 226: 201: 199:, or "Hungary" 191: 189:, or "Austria" 181: 175: 162: 161: 158: 157: 123: 122: 103: 102: 93: 86: 79: 78: 75: 74: 70: 69: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18630: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18604: 18601: 18599: 18596: 18594: 18591: 18589: 18586: 18584: 18581: 18579: 18576: 18574: 18571: 18569: 18566: 18564: 18561: 18559: 18556: 18554: 18551: 18549: 18546: 18545: 18543: 18536: 18533: 18496: 18493: 18491: 18488: 18487: 18482: 18478: 18475: 18471: 18470: 18466: 18456: 18453: 18451: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18441: 18438: 18436: 18433: 18431: 18428: 18426: 18423: 18421: 18418: 18416: 18413: 18411: 18408: 18406: 18403: 18401: 18398: 18396: 18393: 18391: 18388: 18386: 18383: 18381: 18378: 18373: 18369: 18366: 18362: 18359: 18355: 18352: 18348: 18347: 18346: 18343: 18341: 18338: 18336: 18333: 18328: 18324: 18321: 18317: 18316: 18315: 18312: 18311: 18309: 18307: 18303: 18297: 18294: 18292: 18289: 18287: 18284: 18282: 18279: 18277: 18274: 18272: 18269: 18267: 18264: 18262: 18259: 18257: 18254: 18252: 18249: 18247: 18244: 18242: 18239: 18237: 18234: 18232: 18231:Family policy 18229: 18224: 18220: 18219: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18199: 18196: 18193: 18191: 18187: 18177: 18174: 18172: 18169: 18167: 18164: 18162: 18159: 18157: 18154: 18152: 18149: 18147: 18144: 18142: 18139: 18137: 18134: 18129: 18126: 18124: 18121: 18119: 18116: 18111: 18107: 18106: 18105: 18102: 18100: 18097: 18096: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18084: 18072: 18067: 18066: 18065: 18062: 18058: 18053: 18052: 18051: 18048: 18046: 18043: 18039: 18036: 18035: 18034: 18031: 18029: 18026: 18022: 18019: 18018: 18017: 18014: 18012: 18009: 18007: 18004: 18002: 17999: 17997: 17994: 17992: 17989: 17987: 17984: 17982: 17979: 17977: 17974: 17973: 17970: 17967: 17965: 17961: 17951: 17948: 17946: 17943: 17941: 17938: 17933: 17929: 17926: 17922: 17919: 17915: 17914: 17913: 17910: 17908: 17905: 17903: 17900: 17898: 17895: 17893: 17890: 17888: 17885: 17883: 17880: 17879: 17876: 17873: 17871: 17867: 17857: 17854: 17852: 17849: 17847: 17844: 17840: 17837: 17835: 17832: 17830: 17827: 17826: 17825: 17822: 17820: 17819:Árpád dynasty 17817: 17815: 17812: 17810: 17807: 17805: 17802: 17800: 17797: 17796: 17793: 17787: 17784: 17782: 17779: 17777: 17774: 17772: 17769: 17767: 17764: 17762: 17759: 17757: 17754: 17752: 17749: 17747: 17744: 17742: 17739: 17737: 17734: 17732: 17731:Rákóczi's War 17729: 17727: 17724: 17722: 17719: 17717: 17714: 17712: 17709: 17707: 17704: 17702: 17699: 17697: 17694: 17692: 17689: 17688: 17685: 17682: 17680: 17676: 17672: 17668: 17661: 17656: 17654: 17649: 17647: 17642: 17641: 17638: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17612: 17609: 17607: 17604: 17602: 17599: 17597: 17594: 17592: 17589: 17587: 17584: 17582: 17579: 17577: 17574: 17572: 17569: 17567: 17564: 17562: 17558: 17555: 17552: 17551: 17546: 17542: 17539: 17537: 17534: 17532: 17529: 17527: 17524: 17522: 17519: 17516: 17513: 17511: 17508: 17507: 17505: 17501: 17495: 17492: 17490: 17487: 17485: 17482: 17480: 17477: 17475: 17472: 17470: 17467: 17465: 17462: 17460: 17457: 17455: 17452: 17450: 17447: 17445: 17442: 17440: 17437: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17429:Easter Island 17427: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17416: 17414: 17410: 17404: 17401: 17399: 17396: 17394: 17391: 17389: 17386: 17384: 17381: 17379: 17376: 17374: 17371: 17369: 17366: 17364: 17361: 17359: 17356: 17354: 17351: 17349: 17346: 17344: 17341: 17339: 17336: 17334: 17331: 17329: 17326: 17324: 17321: 17319: 17316: 17314: 17311: 17309: 17306: 17304: 17301: 17299: 17296: 17294: 17291: 17289: 17286: 17284: 17281: 17279: 17276: 17274: 17271: 17269: 17266: 17264: 17261: 17259: 17256: 17254: 17251: 17249: 17246: 17244: 17241: 17239: 17236: 17234: 17231: 17229: 17226: 17224: 17221: 17219: 17216: 17214: 17211: 17209: 17206: 17204: 17201: 17199: 17196: 17194: 17191: 17189: 17186: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17154: 17151: 17149: 17146: 17144: 17141: 17139: 17136: 17134: 17131: 17130: 17128: 17124: 17117: 17116: 17111: 17108: 17106: 17103: 17101: 17098: 17096: 17093: 17091: 17088: 17086: 17083: 17081: 17078: 17076: 17073: 17071: 17068: 17066: 17063: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17055: 17051: 17049: 17046: 17044: 17041: 17039: 17036: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17024: 17021: 17019: 17016: 17014: 17011: 17009: 17006: 17004: 17001: 16999: 16996: 16994: 16991: 16989: 16986: 16984: 16981: 16979: 16976: 16974: 16971: 16969: 16968:Jabal Shammar 16966: 16964: 16961: 16958: 16954: 16951: 16949: 16948: 16944: 16942: 16939: 16937: 16934: 16932: 16929: 16927: 16924: 16922: 16919: 16917: 16914: 16912: 16909: 16907: 16904: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16894: 16893: 16891: 16887: 16881: 16878: 16876: 16873: 16871: 16868: 16866: 16863: 16861: 16858: 16856: 16853: 16851: 16848: 16846: 16843: 16841: 16838: 16836: 16833: 16831: 16828: 16827: 16825: 16821: 16815: 16814: 16810: 16808: 16805: 16803: 16800: 16798: 16795: 16793: 16790: 16788: 16785: 16783: 16780: 16778: 16775: 16773: 16770: 16768: 16765: 16763: 16760: 16758: 16755: 16753: 16750: 16748: 16745: 16743: 16740: 16738: 16735: 16733: 16730: 16728: 16725: 16723: 16720: 16718: 16715: 16713: 16710: 16708: 16705: 16703: 16700: 16698: 16695: 16693: 16690: 16688: 16685: 16683: 16680: 16678: 16675: 16673: 16670: 16668: 16665: 16663: 16660: 16658: 16655: 16653: 16650: 16648: 16645: 16643: 16640: 16639: 16637: 16633: 16630: 16628: 16624: 16614: 16611: 16609: 16606: 16604: 16601: 16599: 16596: 16594: 16591: 16589: 16586: 16584: 16581: 16577: 16574: 16572: 16569: 16568: 16567: 16564: 16562: 16559: 16557: 16554: 16552: 16549: 16547: 16544: 16542: 16539: 16537: 16534: 16532: 16529: 16528: 16526: 16524: 16520: 16514: 16511: 16510: 16508: 16506: 16502: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16486: 16483: 16481: 16478: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16468: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16460:Liechtenstein 16458: 16456: 16453: 16451: 16448: 16446: 16443: 16442: 16440: 16438: 16434: 16428: 16427: 16423: 16421: 16418: 16416: 16413: 16411: 16408: 16406: 16403: 16401: 16398: 16396: 16393: 16391: 16388: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16378: 16376: 16373: 16371: 16368: 16366: 16363: 16361: 16358: 16357: 16355: 16353: 16349: 16343: 16342: 16338: 16336: 16333: 16331: 16328: 16326: 16323: 16322: 16320: 16318: 16314: 16311: 16307: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16264: 16263:Queen regnant 16261: 16260: 16259: 16256: 16254: 16251: 16249: 16246: 16245: 16243: 16239: 16233: 16230: 16228: 16225: 16223: 16222:Republicanism 16220: 16218: 16215: 16213: 16210: 16208: 16205: 16203: 16202:Head of state 16200: 16198: 16195: 16193: 16190: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16168: 16165: 16163: 16160: 16159: 16157: 16153: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16136:Non-sovereign 16134: 16132: 16129: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16119: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16104: 16103: 16101: 16097: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16076: 16073: 16071: 16068: 16067: 16064: 16060: 16053: 16048: 16046: 16041: 16039: 16034: 16033: 16030: 16018: 16015: 16013: 16010: 16009: 16004: 16000: 15997: 15993: 15992: 15988: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15937: 15933: 15930: 15928: 15925: 15923: 15920: 15918: 15915: 15914: 15912: 15910: 15906: 15900: 15897: 15894: 15890: 15887: 15885: 15882: 15880: 15877: 15875: 15872: 15870: 15867: 15865: 15864:Ethnic groups 15862: 15860: 15857: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15847: 15845: 15842: 15840: 15837: 15836: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15824: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15786: 15784: 15781: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15771: 15770: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15758: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15721: 15718: 15717: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15682: 15679: 15676: 15674: 15670: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15601: 15598: 15595: 15593: 15589: 15583: 15580: 15578: 15575: 15573: 15570: 15568: 15565: 15563: 15560: 15558: 15557:Austrofascism 15555: 15553: 15550: 15548: 15545: 15543: 15540: 15538: 15535: 15533: 15530: 15528: 15525: 15523: 15520: 15518: 15515: 15513: 15510: 15508: 15505: 15503: 15500: 15498: 15495: 15493: 15490: 15486: 15483: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15472: 15471: 15468: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15450: 15449: 15446: 15442: 15439: 15438: 15437: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15428: 15426: 15424: 15420: 15416: 15412: 15405: 15400: 15398: 15393: 15391: 15386: 15385: 15382: 15368: 15367:Soviet empire 15365: 15363: 15360: 15359: 15357: 15356: 15354: 15352:Miscellaneous 15350: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15336: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15317: 15314: 15313: 15312: 15309: 15308: 15306: 15302: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15270: 15267: 15266: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15235: 15232: 15230: 15227: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15217: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15204: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15189: 15187: 15185: 15181: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15149: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15136: 15133: 15132: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15109: 15106: 15105: 15104: 15101: 15099: 15096: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15083: 15082: 15079: 15075: 15072: 15070: 15067: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15055: 15052: 15051: 15050: 15047: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15034: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14987: 14986: 14983: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14970: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14951:German Empire 14949: 14948: 14947: 14944: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14931: 14930: 14927: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14914: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14901: 14898: 14896: 14893: 14891: 14888: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14877: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14855: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14827: 14825: 14823: 14819: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14796: 14793: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14778: 14776: 14773: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14762: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14720: 14719: 14716: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14693: 14692: 14691:Turco-Persian 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14636: 14635: 14632: 14628: 14625: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14613: 14610: 14608: 14605: 14603: 14600: 14599: 14598: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14573: 14570: 14568: 14565: 14563: 14560: 14559: 14558: 14555: 14551: 14548: 14546: 14543: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14532: 14531: 14528: 14526: 14523: 14521: 14518: 14516: 14513: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14503: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14486: 14484: 14481: 14480: 14479: 14476: 14472: 14469: 14467: 14464: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14453: 14452: 14449: 14445: 14442: 14440: 14437: 14435: 14432: 14431: 14430: 14427: 14425: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14389: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14347: 14346: 14343: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14330: 14329: 14326: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14303: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14290: 14287: 14286: 14285: 14282: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14269: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14232: 14231: 14229: 14227: 14223: 14215: 14212: 14211: 14210: 14207: 14205: 14202: 14198: 14195: 14193: 14190: 14189: 14188: 14185: 14181: 14178: 14177: 14176: 14173: 14169: 14166: 14164: 14161: 14159: 14156: 14154: 14151: 14149: 14146: 14144: 14141: 14140: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14104: 14103: 14102: 14099: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14086: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14073: 14070: 14068: 14065: 14063: 14060: 14058: 14055: 14053: 14050: 14049: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14017: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13990: 13989: 13986: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13968: 13967: 13964: 13960: 13957: 13955: 13952: 13951: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13937: 13936: 13934: 13931: 13926: 13922: 13918: 13911: 13906: 13904: 13899: 13897: 13892: 13891: 13888: 13872: 13871:Janko Vuković 13869: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13851:Miklós Horthy 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13789: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13767: 13766:Josip Jelačić 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13733: 13731: 13727: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13701: 13699: 13695: 13693: 13689: 13687: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13677: 13675: 13673:Naval Section 13669: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13644: 13642: 13638: 13636: 13632: 13630: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13620: 13618: 13612: 13606: 13602: 13600: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13574: 13571: 13570: 13568: 13566: 13565:General Staff 13562:Chiefs of the 13560: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13530: 13528: 13526: 13520: 13514: 13511: 13510:Generaloberst 13508: 13506: 13503: 13502:Feldmarschall 13500: 13498: 13494: 13491: 13487: 13484: 13481: 13478:FZM Heinrich 13477: 13474: 13470: 13467: 13463: 13460: 13456: 13453: 13449: 13446: 13443: 13439: 13436: 13433: 13429: 13427: 13423: 13420: 13419: 13417: 13415: 13411: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13396: 13394: 13392: 13388: 13385: 13381: 13373: 13370: 13369: 13368: 13367: 13363: 13362: 13360: 13356: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13344: 13340: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13317: 13316: 13315: 13311: 13310: 13308: 13304: 13297: 13289: 13280: 13270: 13269:Stormtroopers 13267: 13265: 13264: 13260: 13258: 13257: 13253: 13251: 13250: 13249:Standschützen 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13223: 13219: 13217: 13216: 13212: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13189:Rank insignia 13187: 13185: 13182: 13178: 13175: 13174: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13144: 13142: 13138: 13134: 13127: 13122: 13120: 13115: 13113: 13108: 13107: 13104: 13094: 13090: 13088: 13084: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13026: 13025: 13023: 13021: 13017: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12917: 12915: 12913: 12909: 12905: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12865: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12847: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12816: 12814: 12812: 12808: 12804: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12740: 12738: 12736: 12732: 12728: 12724: 12720: 12712: 12707: 12705: 12700: 12698: 12693: 12692: 12689: 12674: 12671: 12666: 12663: 12658: 12655: 12651: 12647: 12642: 12639: 12638: 12636: 12634: 12630: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12602: 12600: 12598: 12594: 12585: 12581: 12580: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12551: 12547: 12544: 12540: 12537: 12533: 12532: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12492: 12490: 12488: 12484: 12480: 12472: 12467: 12465: 12460: 12458: 12453: 12452: 12449: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12380: 12373: 12370: 12367: 12363: 12360: 12357: 12354: 12351: 12350: 12348: 12344: 12334: 12331: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12263: 12262: 12259: 12257: 12254: 12253: 12251: 12247: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12222: 12220: 12216: 12210: 12207: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12184: 12183: 12180: 12179: 12177: 12173: 12165: 12162: 12161: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12146: 12144: 12140: 12134: 12133:Clerk Mission 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12123:Smuts Mission 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12090: 12088: 12084: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12061:(for Hungary) 12058: 12055: 12051:(for Austria) 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12039: 12037: 12033: 12029: 12022: 12017: 12015: 12010: 12008: 12003: 12002: 11999: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11978: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11964: 11963:Map of Europe 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11948: 11944: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11924: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11909: 11905: 11904: 11894: 11892: 11887: 11886: 11877: 11873: 11870: 11866: 11862: 11859: 11855: 11843: 11839: 11835: 11831: 11827: 11823: 11819: 11815: 11810: 11806: 11800: 11796: 11792: 11788: 11783: 11781: 11777: 11774: 11770: 11766: 11762: 11758: 11754: 11750: 11746: 11742: 11737: 11734: 11730: 11729: 11720: 11716: 11712: 11709: 11706:Gooch, G. P. 11705: 11701: 11697: 11692: 11687: 11683: 11679: 11675: 11671: 11666: 11664: 11660: 11656: 11655: 11645: 11640: 11636: 11631: 11628: 11624: 11622: 11618: 11615: 11614:online review 11611: 11607: 11605: 11601: 11598: 11597:online review 11594: 11590: 11588: 11584: 11581: 11577: 11573: 11569: 11563: 11559: 11554: 11552: 11548: 11545: 11541: 11537: 11533: 11529: 11525: 11521: 11517: 11512: 11508: 11502: 11498: 11497: 11491: 11487: 11485:0-9147-1016-8 11481: 11477: 11476: 11470: 11466: 11464:1-8417-6594-5 11460: 11456: 11451: 11449: 11444: 11440: 11439:Jászi, Oszkár 11436: 11432: 11427: 11423: 11418: 11414: 11410: 11406: 11402: 11398: 11393: 11389: 11384: 11382: 11378: 11375: 11371: 11367: 11364: 11360: 11356: 11352: 11348: 11344: 11340: 11336: 11332: 11328: 11323: 11319: 11313: 11309: 11305: 11301: 11296: 11292: 11288: 11284: 11280: 11275: 11268: 11264: 11260: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11244: 11237: 11232: 11229: 11225: 11224: 11222: 11200: 11196: 11192: 11189: 11185: 11182: 11178: 11175: 11171: 11167: 11164: 11160: 11158: 11154: 11150: 11147: 11143: 11139: 11135: 11134: 11128: 11126: 11122: 11119: 11115: 11111: 11109: 11105: 11101: 11099: 11095: 11092:Roman, Eric. 11091: 11089: 11085: 11083: 11078: 11074: 11073: 11068: 11064: 11054: 11052: 11051:0-87113-665-1 11048: 11044: 11040: 11037: 11033: 11021: 11017: 11013: 11009: 11003: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10990: 10984: 10982: 10978: 10974: 10972: 10968: 10964: 10961: 10957: 10954: 10951: 10948: 10945: 10941: 10937: 10933: 10929: 10923: 10919: 10915: 10911: 10906: 10903: 10899: 10896: 10892: 10889: 10886:Good, David. 10885: 10883:(2nd ed 2009) 10882: 10878: 10874: 10870: 10866: 10860: 10856: 10852: 10848: 10843: 10839: 10835: 10831: 10827: 10823: 10821:0-8598-9563-7 10817: 10813: 10808: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10792: 10788: 10784: 10780: 10776: 10771: 10767: 10763: 10759: 10755: 10751: 10747: 10743: 10739: 10734: 10722: 10718: 10714: 10710: 10709: 10697: 10691: 10687: 10683: 10678: 10674: 10668: 10664: 10660: 10656: 10651: 10647: 10641: 10637: 10632: 10620: 10616: 10610: 10606: 10605: 10600: 10596: 10590: 10589: 10583: 10579: 10575: 10571: 10567: 10563: 10559: 10555: 10549: 10548: 10541: 10537: 10535:3-2059-8179-0 10531: 10527: 10522: 10518: 10516:3-4865-6079-4 10512: 10508: 10503: 10499: 10495: 10491: 10486: 10482: 10476: 10472: 10467: 10463: 10459: 10455: 10453:0-0604-0171-0 10449: 10445: 10440: 10439: 10426: 10421: 10414: 10402: 10398: 10392: 10388: 10387: 10379: 10363: 10359: 10358: 10353: 10347: 10331: 10327: 10324:(in German). 10323: 10317: 10301: 10297: 10293: 10286: 10284: 10276: 10275:Headlam 1911b 10271: 10263: 10262: 10257: 10253: 10247: 10246:public domain 10233: 10231: 10223: 10217: 10209: 10205: 10201: 10200: 10195: 10189: 10173: 10169: 10163: 10147: 10143: 10137: 10121: 10117: 10111: 10095: 10091: 10085: 10069: 10065: 10058: 10042: 10039:. Dradio.de. 10038: 10032: 10024: 10020: 10016: 10015: 10010: 10004: 9985: 9981: 9975: 9971: 9964: 9957: 9941: 9937: 9933: 9927: 9911: 9907: 9900: 9884: 9880: 9874: 9868: 9864: 9861: 9857: 9851: 9842: 9826: 9822: 9816: 9807: 9798: 9788: 9779: 9772: 9771:0-948106-27-1 9768: 9762: 9755: 9754:963-552-313-0 9751: 9744: 9736: 9730: 9726: 9725: 9717: 9710: 9706: 9702: 9701:Mikulas Teich 9697: 9689: 9683: 9679: 9678: 9670: 9663: 9659: 9655: 9649: 9640: 9631: 9622: 9613: 9597: 9593: 9587: 9578: 9570: 9566: 9559: 9557: 9540: 9536: 9530: 9523: 9522:3-515-08613-7 9519: 9515: 9509: 9493: 9489: 9483: 9468: 9462: 9460: 9450: 9442: 9436: 9432: 9431: 9426: 9420: 9404: 9400: 9394: 9390: 9389: 9381: 9371: 9363: 9356: 9350: 9347:Good, David. 9344: 9335: 9326: 9318: 9311: 9302: 9283: 9276: 9269: 9261: 9255: 9251: 9250: 9242: 9226: 9222: 9216: 9200: 9196: 9190: 9183: 9179: 9176: 9173: 9169: 9168:1-317-11844-8 9165: 9161: 9155: 9139: 9135: 9131: 9124: 9113: 9106: 9099: 9091: 9087: 9080: 9064: 9060: 9054: 9047: 9041: 9033: 9029: 9023: 9016: 9011: 9004: 8999: 8991: 8987: 8981: 8973: 8967: 8963: 8962: 8954: 8946: 8942: 8935: 8919: 8915: 8914: 8906: 8904: 8895: 8891: 8884: 8876: 8870: 8866: 8865: 8857: 8849: 8848: 8840: 8829: 8825: 8818: 8811: 8804: 8800: 8795: 8779: 8775: 8771: 8765: 8750: 8746: 8740: 8736: 8732: 8725: 8709: 8705: 8703:9781904350408 8699: 8696:. p. 8. 8695: 8691: 8687: 8686: 8678: 8671: 8665: 8657: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8638: 8632:, p. 39. 8631: 8626: 8610: 8606: 8600: 8581: 8574: 8568: 8562: 8557: 8550: 8549:3-486-56700-4 8546: 8540: 8524: 8520: 8518:9789639116030 8514: 8510: 8506: 8505: 8497: 8482: 8476: 8472: 8471: 8464: 8449: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8434: 8426: 8419: 8415: 8410: 8403: 8399: 8396: 8391: 8384: 8379: 8363: 8359: 8357:9780823233434 8353: 8349: 8345: 8344: 8336: 8329: 8324: 8316: 8312: 8308: 8307: 8299: 8283: 8279: 8273: 8271: 8263: 8258: 8256: 8248: 8243: 8234: 8229: 8225: 8224: 8219: 8212: 8204: 8198: 8194: 8190: 8183: 8175: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8150: 8141: 8125: 8121: 8120:H-Net Reviews 8117: 8110: 8102: 8095: 8079: 8075: 8073:9780873386517 8069: 8065: 8061: 8060: 8052: 8044: 8038: 8034: 8027: 8019: 8012: 8004: 7998: 7994: 7987: 7971: 7967: 7961: 7954:(2): 284–305. 7953: 7949: 7942: 7934: 7927: 7919: 7913: 7909: 7905: 7899: 7891: 7885: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7867: 7859: 7853: 7849: 7842: 7834: 7828: 7824: 7817: 7809: 7803: 7799: 7792: 7784: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7764: 7756: 7749: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7689: 7682: 7680: 7672: 7667: 7659: 7653: 7649: 7645: 7638: 7630: 7626: 7619: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7569: 7565: 7559: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7533: 7531: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7504: 7496: 7489: 7481: 7477: 7471: 7455: 7451: 7445: 7435: 7428: 7424: 7418: 7414: 7407: 7399: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7378: 7371: 7366: 7358: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7337: 7330: 7319: 7313: 7309: 7304: 7303: 7294: 7287: 7275: 7271: 7270: 7263: 7256: 7252: 7246: 7242: 7235: 7228: 7223: 7217: 7213: 7206: 7198: 7192: 7188: 7181: 7174: 7168: 7161: 7156: 7147: 7138: 7131: 7126: 7119: 7114: 7098: 7094: 7088: 7081: 7076: 7068: 7064: 7058: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7016: 7008: 7003: 6995: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6974: 6966: 6959: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6931: 6925: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6874: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6843: 6837: 6832: 6830: 6828: 6818: 6810: 6803: 6801: 6792: 6791: 6785: 6777: 6769: 6765: 6759: 6755: 6754: 6746: 6739: 6735: 6734: 6729: 6728:2-8593-9739-6 6725: 6721: 6715: 6708: 6707:3-8000-3168-X 6704: 6698: 6690: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6670: 6668: 6660: 6656: 6650: 6648: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6617: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6591: 6582: 6574: 6572:9780816074693 6568: 6564: 6563: 6555: 6547: 6546: 6541: 6535: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6502: 6498: 6492: 6484: 6483: 6476: 6468: 6467: 6460: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6413: 6406: 6402: 6401:Austrian Jews 6398: 6394: 6390: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6365: 6349: 6345: 6344: 6339: 6333: 6326: 6322: 6319: 6315: 6309: 6293: 6289: 6282: 6278: 6262: 6254: 6248: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6225: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6206: 6200: 6196: 6190: 6186: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6107: 6106: 6097: 6095: 6091: 6088: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6067: 6063: 6062:Veliki Skočaj 6059: 6055: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6046: 6045: 6044: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6025: 6022:and northern 6021: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6007: 6003: 6000:and parts of 5999: 5995: 5991: 5988: 5984: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5947: 5944: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5913: 5912: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5891:Boka Kotorska 5888: 5885: 5881: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5850:Lesser Poland 5847: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5819: 5815: 5812: 5809: 5805: 5802: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5786: 5781: 5780: 5775: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5739: 5738:Upper Austria 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5714:Lower Austria 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5681: 5677: 5671: 5667: 5666: 5655: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5606: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5559: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5536: 5533: 5529: 5526: 5525: 5524: 5517: 5509: 5499: 5489: 5463: 5462:Saint Germain 5459: 5454: 5447: 5446:Saint Germain 5443: 5438: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5381:Miklós Horthy 5378: 5374: 5369: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5295: 5285: 5283: 5278: 5274: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5242: 5232: 5230: 5225: 5223: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5200: 5195: 5186: 5182: 5179: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5138: 5136: 5126: 5123: 5119: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5100: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 5000: 4999: 4993: 4992:Bielsko-Biała 4989: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4937: 4933: 4930: 4926: 4925: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4909: 4907: 4904:line (1888), 4903: 4900:line (1888), 4899: 4896:line (1887), 4895: 4891: 4887: 4882: 4880: 4870: 4867: 4858: 4853: 4849: 4839: 4837: 4828: 4819: 4816: 4806: 4802: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4772: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4753: 4749: 4748:food industry 4743: 4741: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4680: 4676: 4675:Panic of 1873 4671: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4628: 4627: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4611: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4599: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4573: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4554: 4545: 4543: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4502: 4487: 4484: 4476: 4465: 4462: 4458: 4455: 4451: 4448: 4444: 4441: 4437: 4434: – 4433: 4429: 4428:Find sources: 4422: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4406:This section 4404: 4400: 4395: 4394: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4351: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4307: 4303: 4298: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4146: 4143:in his book, 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4074: 4073:Kultursprache 4063: 4059: 4057: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4031: 4029: 4022: 4019: 4018:Landessprache 4013: 4006: 4004: 3999: 3991: 3990: 3984: 3976: 3968: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3954:Magyarization 3951: 3947: 3941: 3931: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3857: 3850: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3819: 3811: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3780: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3764: 3762: 3758: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3711: 3707: 3698: 3695: 3689: 3680: 3678: 3677:István Burián 3672: 3665: 3660: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3624: 3623:Romanian Army 3618: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3561:Western front 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3541: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3520:Luigi Cadorna 3518: 3509: 3508:Italian Front 3505: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3387:Eastern front 3380: 3376: 3371: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3301: 3298: 3291: 3281: 3279: 3269: 3265: 3264:Franz Josef I 3261: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3234: 3232: 3226: 3224: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3176: 3171: 3167: 3165: 3164: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3099: 3089: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3004: 3001: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2964: 2963:Eduard Wagnes 2960: 2956: 2952: 2951:special units 2948: 2943: 2938: 2937:Bosnia Crisis 2934: 2930: 2920: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2879: 2874: 2865: 2863: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2791: 2779: 2774: 2772: 2767: 2765: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2756: 2753: 2743: 2742: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2658:Árpád dynasty 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2623: 2622: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2576: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2556: 2548: 2547: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2343: 2342: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2296: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2270: 2269:Royal Hungary 2267: 2266: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2228: 2227: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2201: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2151: 2143: 2142: 2133:862–895 2132: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2113:567–822 2112: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2103:469–553 2102: 2100: 2097: 2096: 2093:454–567 2092: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2078: 2077: 2070: 2069:Hunnic Empire 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2048:Early history 2045: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2014: 2004: 1999: 1997: 1992: 1990: 1985: 1984: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1968: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1885: 1884: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1862: 1861: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1844: 1843: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1820:Austrofascism 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1796: 1795: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1735: 1734: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1692: 1691: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 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rights 15690:Constitution 15531: 15485:East Francia 15118:Contemporary 14968:Indo-Persian 14956:Nazi Germany 14900:Contemporary 14844: 14802:Vijayanagara 14701:Great Seljuk 14612:Thessalonica 14540:Golden Horde 14180:Carthaginian 13959:Neo-Assyrian 13944:Neo-Sumerian 13806:Artur Phleps 13671:Heads of the 13596:Generalmajor 13488:(GdI) Franz 13482:von Pitreich 13364: 13341: 13314:Kriegsmarine 13312: 13261: 13254: 13247: 13220: 13213: 12735:Cisleithania 12722: 12649: 12645: 12633:Condominiums 12487:Cisleithania 12478: 11888: 11864: 11857: 11846:. 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Retrieved 6292:the original 6281: 6261: 6247: 6224: 6205: 6189: 6102: 6101: 6041: 6040: 5994:Transylvania 5971: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5854:Subcarpathia 5806:(except the 5785:Cisleithania 5783: 5777: 5776: 5772: 5746: 5676:Cisleithania 5674: 5641: 5612:proto-states 5565:proto-states 5522: 5409:Habsburg Law 5406: 5370: 5342: 5313: 5279: 5275: 5264: 5244: 5226: 5221: 5218: 5198: 5183: 5175: 5162:Gábor Baross 5155: 5146:Adriatic Sea 5139: 5132: 5105: 4997: 4922: 4915: 4908:line (1912) 4884:Electrified 4883: 4876: 4863: 4833: 4812: 4803: 4794: 4788: 4744: 4723: 4707:central bank 4699:Wiener Börse 4695:urbanization 4689:accelerated 4684: 4570: 4559: 4538: 4507: 4479: 4470: 4460: 4453: 4446: 4439: 4427: 4415:Please help 4410:verification 4407: 4348: 4346: 4326:Adolf Hitler 4311: 4306:Leopoldstadt 4249: 4240:Istvan Tisza 4220: 4180:Transylvania 4173: 4165:Brno (Brünn) 4149: 4144: 4141:Misha Glenny 4126: 4111: 4079:equal rights 4070: 4068: 4052: 4042:(Nagyrőce), 4036:(gymnasiums) 4032: 4024: 4008: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3934:Demographics 3927: 3915: 3897:After 1878, 3896: 3869: 3851: 3839:Cisleithania 3824: 3781: 3765: 3753: 3725: 3721: 3690: 3686: 3673: 3669: 3664:Păuleni-Ciuc 3620: 3605:Villa Giusti 3593:Armando Diaz 3573: 3538: 3536: 3532:four battles 3513: 3471: 3443:puppet state 3420: 3384: 3343: 3328:Green Cadres 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3293: 3274: 3235: 3228: 3219: 3202:István Tisza 3191: 3161: 3142: 3083: 3079: 3064: 3060: 3036: 3005: 2996: 2984: 2968: 2917: 2909:Napoleon III 2882: 2846: 2815: 2787: 2708:Coat of arms 2693:Christianity 2688:List of Wars 2551:Contemporary 2534:World War II 2403: 2249:Ottoman Wars 2231:Early modern 2214:Ottoman Wars 1964: 1847:World War II 1763: 1668:East Francia 1512: 1492: 1490: 1472: 1468: 1452: 1444: 1436: 1428: 1419:Cisleithania 1406: 1398: 1388: 1380: 1375:k.u.k. Armee 1372: 1364: 1352: 1341: 1306: 1304: 1291: 1279: 1267: 1237: 1228: 1218: 1211: 1169: 1137: 1109:Cisleithania 1098: 1083: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1038: 975:West Ukraine 930: 884: 852:Succeeded by 851: 846: 707:28 July 1914 694:28 June 1914 435:Emperor-King 261:Largest city 187:Cisleithania 126: 107:Motto: 106: 89:Coat of arms 25: 18527: / 18430:Spa culture 18261:Irredentism 18099:Agriculture 18028:Nationality 17746:World War I 17545:British Raj 17517:(Sri Lanka) 17403:Württemberg 17115:South Yemen 17003:Maguindanao 16896:Afghanistan 16657:Barotseland 16593:Saint Lucia 16566:New Zealand 16475:Netherlands 16248:Chhatrapati 16232:Sovereignty 16172:Aristocracy 15879:Pornography 15869:Health care 15773:Agriculture 15727:LGBT rights 15720:enforcement 14706:Khwarezmian 14639:Carolingian 14444:Rashtrakuta 14148:Shaishunaga 14047:Hellenistic 14030:New Kingdom 14020:Old Kingdom 13816:Alfred Redl 13761:Franz Böhme 13616:of the Navy 13471:GdK Edmund 13464:FZM Rudolf 13325:Battleships 13256:Schutzkorps 13222:Kaiserjäger 13152:Common Army 12676:(1901–1917) 12648:1908–1918; 12623:(1867–1882) 12333:Lajtabánság 12249:Short-lived 12192:Sudetenland 12108:Pichon Line 11869:online free 11088:online free 9069:19 November 8924:7 September 8714:14 November 8589:19 November 8561:Taylor 1964 8529:16 November 8383:Watson 2014 8328:Watson 2014 8262:Watson 2014 8247:Watson 2014 8084:19 November 7671:Watson 2014 7631:(2): 163ff. 7323:2 September 7160:Bridge 1972 7150:Wank, 2020. 6709:, in German 6403:, although 6197:and 10–12% 6080:Herceg Novi 6058:Mali Skočaj 5987:Zakarpattia 5974:along with 5829:South Tyrol 5648:Switzerland 5448:(1919–1920) 5255:Common Army 5172:Tisza River 5094:Underground 5032:Nyíregyháza 5012:Szombathely 4740:pastoralism 4318:antisemitic 4190:in today's 4167:). The old 4028:Sudetenland 3872:parliaments 3861:Common Army 3829:turned the 3694:German army 3463:proto state 3163:Schutzkorps 3109:July Crisis 2849:Ferenc Deák 2424:World War I 2346:Late modern 2239:Reformation 2184:Golden Bull 2028:History of 1776:World War I 1695:Middle Ages 1549:History of 1206:Silver coin 1168:successors 1144:World War I 847:Preceded by 833:(1892–1918) 825:(1867–1892) 776:4 June 1920 689:July Crisis 634:World War I 560:Legislature 220:Condominium 171:World War I 92:(1915–1918) 18542:Categories 18515:16°21′54″E 18512:48°12′27″N 18445:Television 18410:Literature 18400:Inventions 18251:Hungarians 18241:Healthcare 18131:(currency) 18033:Parliament 17834:Holy Crown 17611:Tanganyika 17526:The Gambia 17454:Niuē-Fekai 17393:Yugoslavia 17293:Montenegro 17100:Upper Yafa 17095:Upper Asir 16732:Madagascar 16465:Luxembourg 16197:Government 16162:Abdication 16131:Hereditary 16059:Monarchies 15947:Literature 15742:Parliament 15705:Government 15624:Ecoregions 15276:Portuguese 15157:Revival Le 15147:Vietnamese 14790:Later Tran 14760:Vietnamese 14656:Singhasari 14644:Holy Roman 14268:Bulgarian 14204:Satavahana 14175:Phoenician 14111:Achaemenid 14072:Indo-Greek 14052:Macedonian 13966:Babylonian 13729:Commanders 13444:von Koller 13383:Leadership 13184:First Army 12652:1878–1918) 11824:: 88–108. 11676:(3): 208. 10830:1150075157 10783:1149195550 10625:4 December 10570:Sked, Alan 10206:. p. 10021:. p. 9705:Roy Porter 9205:28 January 8368:2 December 8162:. p. 7280:7 December 7037:Britannica 6948:31 January 6273:References 6072:Montenegro 5958:(Croatian 5936:Burgenland 5877:Chernivtsi 5794:Burgenland 5742:Vorarlberg 5710:Küstenland 5652:Vorarlberg 5393:Versailles 5263:Hungarian 5261:, and the 5166:Iron Gates 5160:. Finally 5004:Bratislava 4979:Dalmatia: 4898:Szentendre 4813:The first 4719:1990 Int$ 4637:Ruthenian 4597:Hungarian 4473:April 2023 4443:newspapers 4371:Samu Hazai 3962:Panslavism 3944:See also: 3928:status quo 3911:Montenegro 3835:real union 3799:Government 3431:Wilhelm II 3308:See also: 3288:See also: 3268:Wilhelm II 3157:Ivo Andrić 3048:Maximilian 3028:Montenegro 2992:Suez Canal 2971:Pan-Slavic 2713:Literature 2663:Holy Crown 2633:Hungarians 2613:since 2012 1934:Liberalism 1658:Carantania 1636:Marcomanni 1475:kraljevski 1254:(English: 1232:(English: 1181:, and the 1105:real union 989:Yugoslavia 810:51,390,223 799:Population 423:Government 413:Demonym(s) 385:Protestant 218:, and the 94:(see also 18390:Festivals 18271:Languages 18217:Education 18171:Transport 18118:Companies 18050:President 17986:Elections 17940:Mountains 17912:Hydrology 17870:Geography 17581:Mauritius 17474:Rarotonga 17459:Nuku Hiva 17449:Mangareva 17424:Bora Bora 17303:Neuchâtel 17273:Lithuania 17178:Catalonia 17065:Sri Lanka 17018:Manchukuo 16993:Kurdistan 16947:Indonesia 16870:Talamanca 16830:Araucanía 16813:and other 16792:Wassoulou 16536:Australia 16212:Oligarchy 15874:Languages 15859:Education 15813:Transport 15783:Companies 15695:Elections 15634:Mountains 15619:Districts 15592:Geography 15562:Anschluss 15448:Roman Era 15269:Couronian 14907:Ethiopian 14895:Manchukuo 14850:Brazilian 14696:Ghaznavid 14666:Srivijaya 14617:Trebizond 14602:Byzantine 14584:North Sea 14579:Norwegian 14567:Almoravid 14550:Ilkhanate 14520:Majapahit 14493:Muromachi 14402:Solomonic 14387:Ethiopian 14301:Caliphate 14234:Aragonese 14062:Ptolemaic 13548:Charles I 13492:Schönaich 13404:Charles I 13358:Air Force 13215:Feldjäger 12783:1900–1901 12753:1871–1872 12355:to Poland 12086:Diplomacy 11883:In German 11838:143745426 11761:143481172 11355:154381768 11263:145716467 11215:World war 11026:23 August 11016:239313989 10936:167195732 10873:28444909M 10791:13524274M 10766:151977197 10727:19 August 10498:22077590M 10462:21992200M 10368:28 August 10204:Macmillan 10152:28 August 10019:Macmillan 9946:8 October 9831:19 August 9711:, p. 266. 9524:, p. 246. 9409:17 August 9291:28 August 8486:1 January 8453:1 January 8288:28 August 7595:154930518 7550:21170640M 7033:"Austria" 6916:144762108 6900:0008-9389 6836:Kann 1974 6527:Frankfurt 6393:Ukrainian 6368:From the 6237:Hungarian 6218:Unitarian 6020:Vojvodina 6010:Maramureș 5950:Prekmurje 5934:Austria ( 5818:Prekmurje 5808:Hlučínsko 5694:Carinthia 5270:Landsturm 5210:Dubrovnik 5087:Dubrovnik 5065:Croatia: 5028:Satu Mare 5020:Timișoara 4986:Galicia: 4981:Dubrovnik 4929:Innsbruck 4809:Telephone 4791:Pressburg 4785:Telegraph 4715:GDP (PPP) 4681:followed. 4629:Romanian 4605:Croatian 4536:in 1365. 4389:Education 4236:Charles I 4208:Vojvodina 4176:Romanians 3892:Reichsrat 3666:, Romania 3640:Bucharest 3576:Caporetto 3304:Homefront 3018:with the 1830:Anschluss 1815:Civil War 1644:Baiuvarii 1590:Roman Era 1505:Hungarian 1331:Hungarian 1294:(German: 1282:(German: 1270:(German: 1224:Hungarian 1152:dissolved 364:Religion 313:Ruthenian 281:Hungarian 73:1867–1918 62:Hungarian 18490:Category 18395:Folklore 18372:Sausages 18291:Religion 18151:Taxation 18136:Industry 18016:Military 17964:Politics 17887:Counties 17846:Nobility 17829:Monarchs 17809:Military 17804:Economic 17696:Pannonia 17671:articles 17596:Rhodesia 17591:Pakistan 17510:Barbados 17479:Rimatara 17469:Rapa Iti 17398:Valencia 17373:Tavolara 17363:Scotland 17328:Portugal 17288:Moldavia 17173:Bulgaria 17168:Brittany 17143:Asturias 17023:Mongolia 17013:Maldives 16875:Trinidad 16865:Suriname 16823:Americas 16807:Zimbabwe 16802:Zanzibar 16787:Wituland 16762:Ngazidja 16757:Ndzuwani 16692:Ethiopia 16415:Thailand 16395:Malaysia 16375:Cambodia 16325:Eswatini 16121:Elective 16106:Absolute 16012:Category 15889:Religion 15839:Abortion 15798:Taxation 15737:Military 15673:Politics 15475:Rugiland 15458:Pannonia 15415:articles 15249:Japanese 15212:Scottish 15192:American 15184:Colonial 15113:Imperial 15081:Moroccan 15017:Japanese 14995:Afsharid 14854:Burmese 14840:Austrian 14795:Later Le 14770:Early Le 14755:Venetian 14681:Tiwanaku 14594:Hellenic 14557:Moroccan 14488:Kamakura 14478:Japanese 14461:Saffarid 14414:Georgian 14328:Chalukya 14306:Rashidun 14296:Calakmul 14264:Bruneian 14143:Haryanka 14121:Sasanian 14116:Parthian 14067:Bactrian 14057:Seleucid 14037:Goguryeo 14015:Egyptian 13949:Assyrian 13939:Akkadian 13930:Colonies 13490:Freiherr 13473:Freiherr 13466:Freiherr 13459:Freiherr 13442:Freiherr 13432:Freiherr 13391:Emperors 13372:Aircraft 13330:Cruisers 13199:Weaponry 13020:Dalmatia 12650:de facto 12374:to China 12368:to Italy 12359:Bukovina 12346:Cessions 12118:Vix Note 12035:Treaties 11977:Archived 11923:Archived 11872:Archived 11842:Archived 11776:Archived 11617:Archived 11600:Archived 11583:Archived 11547:Archived 11536:96478651 11441:(1966). 11413:6715012M 11377:Archived 11249:: 1–56. 11199:Archived 11121:Archived 11065:(1922). 11020:Archived 10838:1313375M 10758:40650848 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