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762:. Following the speech, the president of the joint session calls out 'Long live the King!’ after which the monarch is greeted with three cheers. The monarch and his retinue leave and the joint session is declared to be closed. The monarch returns to the palace in the coach and, along with other members of the royal house, appears on the palace balcony. Following the 1983 revision of the constitution, a parliamentary session changed from lasting a year to lasting for four years. As a result, the speech no longer marks the opening of a session of parliament but the start of a new parliamentary year.
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743:(Prince's Day). Article 65 of the constitution states that "A statement of the policy to be pursued by the Government is given by or on behalf of the King before a joint session of the two Houses of the States General that is held every year on the third Tuesday in September or on such earlier date as may be prescribed by Act of Parliament."
807:, is sung. The monarch is handed the speech by the prime minister and proceeds to deliver the speech while all remain standing. Afterwards, the monarch and members take their seats and the Report on the State of the Realm, an account of the government achievement of the past year, is read (traditionally in
87:
is opened. The address sets forth the government's priorities for its legislative agenda, for which the cooperation of the legislature is sought. The speech is often accompanied by formal ceremony. It is often held annually, although in some places it may occur more or less frequently, whenever a new
516:
In
British overseas territories that have instituted this practice, the relevant governor delivers the speech. A throne speech is not typical in the devolved legislatures within the United Kingdom; the nearest equivalent is a statement of the legislative agenda of the executive branch, usually given
91:
Historically, when monarchs exercised personal influence and overall decision-making in government, a speech from the throne would outline the policies and objectives of the monarch; the speech was usually prepared by the monarch's advisers, but the monarch supervised the drafting of the speech at
814:
The members and monarch rise and the monarch is presented with the report by the prime minister and the monarch returns the speech and report to the president. The president gives some remarks and closes with "May God preserve our King and country", joined by other members of the
Storting and the
524:
It is considered improper for the audience, including members of parliament, to show support or disapproval for any content of the speech while it is being read: that is reserved to the debate and vote that follows in legislative chambers or chamber. In 1998 in the UK, when the Queen read out the
561:
Formally, the motion that follows the speech merely calls on parliament to thank the monarch or viceroy via an
Address in Reply. The debate is, however, often wide-ranging, exploring many aspects of the government's proposed policies, and spread over several days. When the Address in Reply is
566:
in the government, which, if lost, would result in the end of that government's mandate. In some legislatures, this discussion and vote is preceded by a symbolic raising of other matters, designed to highlight the independence of parliament from the Crown; a practice that originated after
998:. Often such are on or near the first day of the legislature's new session. However, in theory, rather than just outline the priorities for the coming year, the head of state is supposed to provide a report to the legislature on what the country's condition is, hence the term
704:
at the beginning of its yearly session on the second Friday of
October. The speech may only be made legally binding if it is read before both houses of parliament. Additionally, the monarch addresses the nation on the anniversaries of his accession
357:, with or without the reader's participation, and outlines the legislative programme for the new parliamentary session. Due to the parliamentary tradition of the sovereign being barred from the lower chamber, in those realms possessing a
1036:
517:
by a first minister. However, the
British monarch often undertakes visits and speaks to the devolved bodies in a less official capacity. During her reign Queen Elizabeth II was present and gave an address at all openings of the
406:
was rebuilt after the 1834 fire. The ceremony now usually occurs annually, usually in
November or December, or soon after a general election. The monarch may, however, appoint a delegate to perform the task in his or her place.
831:
in 1931. With the restoration of the
Spanish monarchy in 1975, the monarch still opens parliament but no longer gives a "speech from the throne". The monarch gives a speech but it does not focus on or direct government policy.
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1220:
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1890:
123:. In other countries the monarch may or may not attend the opening of the country's legislature; they may also give a speech, but these speeches, in contrast, do not outline any government agenda.
899:
was not crowned, and thus did not wear the crown when opening the
Riksdag. Instead, the crown and sceptre would be placed on cushions beside the throne and the robe would be draped on the throne.
1716:
639:
294:. The speech explained to parliament the reasons it was summoned and sometimes set out the sovereign's policies and objectives. The monarch would sometimes speak to parliament in person;
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794:(which happens every October) after it has been declared to be legally constituted by the president of the Storting. The monarch delivers the speech before parliamentarians in the
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In those countries that share with the UK the same person as their respective sovereign, the speech from the throne will usually be read on the monarch's behalf by his or her
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bills are introduced; there, the respective houses of representatives instead consider some brief and non-controversial business items before debating the
Address in Reply.
369:
parliaments, the speech is read in the one legislative chamber. Unusually, in the Irish Free State, the speech was delivered in the lower house of its bicameral parliament.
1083:
309:
However, various other figures gave the oration on the sovereign's behalf: between 1347 and 1363, it was read by the chief justice; in 1401 by the chief justice of the
2123:
1301:
An
Anecdotal History of the British Parliament: From the Earliest Periods to the Present Time. With Notices of Eminent Parliamentary Men, and Examples of Their Oratory
2092:
411:
did this during her pregnancies in 1959 and 1963, delivered instead by Lord Chancellor; and again due to ill health in 2022, delivered instead by Prince Charles (now
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521:, usually speaking reflectively upon its accomplishments and wishing the institution well for its coming term rather than considering the plans of the executive.
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may also perform the task: Queen Elizabeth II opened the parliaments of some of the Australian states in 1954 and of New South Wales in 1992. In almost all the
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1804:
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where the president is merely a ceremonial figurehead, these speeches are often similar in tone to the throne speech of a constitutional monarchy, whereas in
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is then sung. After the monarch and his retinue have left, the meeting is adjourned and the speech and report are first debated at the subsequent sitting.
341:
in 1431. It may have been written by or with the input of the king's or queen's advisers, but, the monarch, as supreme governor, was the principal author.
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3411:
2614:
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96:, whether by law or by convention, the head of state or their representative reads the speech from the throne, but it is prepared by the ministers in
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which removed formal involvement of the monarch in the legislative process. The old opening of the legislature was called "The Solemn Opening of the
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such as the U.S. the speeches are somewhat different in that the president exercises personal discretion over the content but the principle of
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In Sweden, the practice of having a speech from the throne given by the monarch was held until 1974, coinciding with the rewrite of the
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1937:
1912:
402:. Traditions surrounding the opening and the speech go back to the 16th century; the present ceremony dates from 1852, when the
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3002:
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2703:
2509:
1658:
374:
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Of contemporary European monarchies today, this traditional event is held in the United Kingdom, where it is also known as the
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2432:
730:
478:
513:). In each of the Canadian territories, the commissioner reads the Throne Speech or Opening Address to the legislature.
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3611:
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Prior to 1907, the monarch and the princes of the royal blood would also wear their royal and princely robes and their
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Upon the monarch's arrival in the chamber, the members of the Storting stand and the first verse of the royal anthem,
17:
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1985:
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In the Netherlands, the speech from the throne is held annually on the third Tuesday in September, which is called
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60:
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peers responded with "shame!". Protest, though, has been expressed during a throne speech, such as when, in 2011,
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After the abolition of the opening ceremony at the palace, last held in 1974 and only once during the reign of
43:
3439:
2805:
2739:
2504:
2036:
959:
549:'s reading of the Speech From the Throne by standing and holding a sign calling for the then Prime Minister,
220:
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means the legislature is not obligated to follow whatever agenda (if any) may be contained in such a speech.
79:
in which the reigning sovereign, or their representative, reads a prepared speech to members of the nation's
3779:
3687:
3131:
3074:
3069:
3064:
2635:
2439:
2314:
1501:
991:
975:
542:
494:
450:, although the monarch may deliver the address in person: Queen Elizabeth II read the Throne Speech in the
135:
1462:"About Parliament > How Parliament works > Parliamentary occasions > State Opening of Parliament"
1222:"My Lords and Gentlemen": A Study of British Origins and the Evolution of the Canadian Throne Speech Genre
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39:
31:
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2010:
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1654:
923:
572:
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314:
1305:
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3051:
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2349:
2176:
1776:"The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, House of Representatives Votes and Proceedings"
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828:
693:
662:
563:
534:
526:
455:
350:
35:
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may also perform this duty, such as when, on 1 September 1919, the Prince of Wales (later King
147:
2212:
Parliament of Canada records of past Speeches from the Throne and Motions for Address in Reply
1861:
1835:
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and delivers an introductory speech and then declares the session open. After the speech, the
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706:
607:, an Act Relating to Railways. The texts of these two bills have nothing to do with either
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8:
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1043:
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279:
139:
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In Spain, speeches from the throne used to be practiced before the declaration of the
474:
delivered the address to the Parliament of Canada: 16 May 1963 and 30 September 1974.
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3578:
3115:
2812:
2713:
2645:
2640:
2257:
1841:
1775:
1669:
1271:
A History of England: Period II. Personal monarchy: Henry VII. to James II. 1485–1688
1194:
888:
852:, wearing his crown and ceremonial robes, delivering the speech from the throne, 1898
795:
747:
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opening ceremony; he does not refer to any government policies, instead allowing the
604:
596:
530:
398:
In the United Kingdom, the speech is typically read by the reigning sovereign at the
387:
330:
291:
282:, the speech from the throne is an oration that forms part of a ceremony marking the
228:
2671:
2650:
1677:
470:) read the Speech From the Throne in the Canadian parliament. On two occasions, the
313:; in 1344, 1368, 1377 (speaking for a presiding Edward III), 1399, and 1422, by the
2676:
2062:
1938:"His Majesty the King Delivers Speech to Nation on 46th Anniversary of Green March"
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600:
498:
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to address political matters, as in the contemporary cases in Sweden and Denmark.
27:
Monarch's speech outlining governmental agenda and opening the legislative session
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1024:
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but he no longer gives a "speech from the throne"; the monarch is invited by the
903:
697:
642:
576:
538:
506:
338:
318:
138:, addresses the legislature; in the United States, the president makes an annual
92:
least to some extent and exercised final discretion as to its content. In modern
1959:
290:, while others place its origins in the 16th century, when England was still an
166:
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608:
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550:
248:
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1401:
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646:
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366:
362:
131:
3263:
2827:
1506:"Exhibitions > Past exhibitions > Royal Romance > Crowns and gowns"
872:) and was full of symbolism. The speech was given before the Riksdag in the
3748:
3583:
3120:
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1940:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates
408:
379:
310:
253:
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3711:
2604:
2409:
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1891:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates
1483:
1376:"Parliament Home Page > Frequently Asked Questions > State Opening"
803:
739:
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638:
467:
412:
287:
116:
112:
80:
56:
30:
For the UK ceremony at which the speech from the throne takes place, see
599:, an Act Respecting the Administration of Oaths of Office, while in the
2384:
1063:
325:, or chairman of the House of Lords. It was given on his behalf by the
322:
299:
295:
171:
76:
51:
207:, when the reigning monarch is female). In Canada, it is known as the
2399:
2301:
2262:
751:
617:
303:
243:
306:
did so to both houses of parliament on multiple separate occasions.
2389:
971:
947:
892:
845:
791:
779:
725:
673:
615:; instead, they contain near-identical wordings that explain their
431:
127:
978:
gives a speech to a joint session of the legislature, such as the
2419:
907:
861:
811:), customarily by the youngest member of the government present.
808:
798:. The heir to the throne also regularly accompanies the monarch.
612:
443:
1405:
3248:
List of members of the Australian Parliament who died in office
505:, however, the speech is referred to as the "Opening Address" (
502:
286:. Some records indicate the ceremony has taken place since the
120:
38:. For extraordinary royal addresses to the United Kingdom, see
1785:(1). Canberra: Queen's Printer for Australia. 12 February 2008
1723:(1). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. 16 October 2007. 2000
684:
in joint session during its state opening yearly every March.
501:
can do the same in any legislature of a Canadian province. In
1887:"His Majesty the King Delivers Speech at Parliament Opening"
1837:
A Political History of Japan During the Meiji Era, 1867-1912
1456:
986:
and in most U.S. states, where the governor gives a similar
1028:
2177:"Programme for the opening of the 2007/08 Riksdag session"
2087:
2085:
2083:
1416:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
394:, from where she delivers the speech from the throne, 1957
142:
address, in the Philippines the president makes an annual
1484:"Prince Charles to deliver Queen's Speech for first time"
1756:(1). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. 16 October 2007
1653:
1500:
1093:
giving the speech from the throne in front of parliament
786:
In Norway, the monarch is required by article 74 of the
621:
function. In Australia and New Zealand, by contrast, no
2080:
533:
MPs briefly interrupted it by vocalising support while
1370:
562:
eventually voted on, the poll is held to constitute a
2118:
2116:
2114:
1746:"Debates of the Senate, 2nd Session, 39th Parliament"
454:
in 1954, 1963, 1970, 1974, 1977, 1986, and 1990, the
317:; and in 1343, 1363, and, usually after 1368, by the
750:
by coach to the Ridderzaal (Hall of Knights) in the
2615:
The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada
223:has delivered a short inaugural address termed the
2905:Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
2111:
1046:delivering the speech from the throne wearing the
2230:Queen's Speech in the UK Parliament December 2019
1815:. Wellington: Queen's Printer: 7. 9 December 2008
1426:
657:makes only a short speech of greeting during the
497:delivers the speech; it is uncertain whether the
3761:
2610:The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces
2236:Queen's Speech in the UK Parliament October 2019
1629:"Page with 'Stop Harper' sign fired from Senate"
1601:
1536:, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 42
1526:
1343:
1247:"What You Need to Know About the Queen's Speech"
938:) for the forthcoming legislative year is made.
790:to preside over the opening of a session of the
575:, the other business raised is by tradition the
365:, with members of both houses in attendance. In
361:, the ceremony takes place in the legislature's
270:; only two were ever given, in 1922 and 1923.
191:In the United Kingdom, the speech is known as
3293:
3279:
2771:
2572:Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments
2278:
1324:
1322:
1293:
1291:
1289:
778:delivering the speech from the throne of the
571:was tried and executed by parliament. In the
130:have adopted a similar practice in which the
3060:Chronology of Australian federal parliaments
1348:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
914:and his family. It is still the monarch who
3253:Members of multiple Australian legislatures
3126:List of acts of the Parliament of Australia
2785:
1740:
1738:
1711:
1709:
1615:"1998: Queen's speech spells end for peers"
1274:. Princeton University: Dutton. p. 594
3286:
3272:
2778:
2764:
2285:
2271:
2093:"The formal State Opening of the Storting"
1319:
1286:
267:Governor-General's Address to Dáil Éireann
59:reading the speech from the throne at the
1167:"From Prince's Day to Accountability Day"
954:makes a speech at a joint session in the
754:of The Hague to read the speech before a
733:reading the speech from the throne (2015)
3785:Joint meetings of bicameral legislatures
2248:Queen's Speech in the UK Parliament 2016
2242:Queen's Speech in the UK Parliament 2017
2224:Queen's Speech in the UK Parliament 2021
1735:
1706:
1438:(2 ed.). Queen's Printer for Canada
1400:
1328:
1297:
1228:, Library and Archives Canada, p. 5
1214:
1212:
839:
769:
724:
637:
462:in 1957 and 1977. Another member of the
434:Throne Speech, the government announced
425:
373:
246:, the governor's address was termed the
165:
111:if the reigning monarch is female); the
50:
3736:Legislature broadcasters in New Zealand
3412:Speaker of the House of Representatives
2254:All speeches in Parliament by the Queen
1910:
1833:
1436:House of Commons Procedure and Practice
1432:"Opening of a Parliament and a Session"
353:, the speech is written by the sitting
34:. For the Christmas Day broadcast, see
14:
3762:
3731:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association
2292:
2150:"Parliament opens with full formality"
1267:
1005:
974:also hold a yearly event in which the
161:
88:session of the legislature is opened.
3267:
2759:
2266:
1700:
1339:
1337:
1218:
1209:
1189:
1187:
1164:
926:delivers a statement of the upcoming
711:Revolution of the King and the People
676:also has the same practice, with the
3489:Abolition of the Legislative Council
1364:
1110:State of the Nation (disambiguation)
2174:
2124:"The State Opening of the Storting"
1911:Gabriel, Edward M. (30 July 2018).
1581:"McLeish unveils legislative plans"
916:officially opens the annual session
731:Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
556:
24:
3494:Members of the Legislative Council
3375:Speaker of the Legislative Council
2310:Monarchy in the Canadian provinces
1334:
1184:
1105:Opening of the Canadian parliament
880:. The King would be seated on the
628:
193:His Majesty's Most Gracious Speech
25:
3796:
3391:Leader of the Legislative Council
2217:
2195:
1378:. Queen's Printer. Archived from
906:, the opening is now held at the
436:the end of the country's monarchy
42:. For other royal addresses, see
3349:
3343:
2826:
2745:Debate on the monarchy in Canada
1913:"King Mohammed VI, Then and Now"
1834:McLaren, Walter Wallace (2007).
1635:from the original on 6 June 2011
1458:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1082:
1055:
1035:
1012:
61:2024 State Opening of Parliament
2168:
2142:
2055:
2029:
2003:
1978:
1952:
1930:
1904:
1879:
1854:
1827:
1797:
1768:
1694:
1647:
1621:
1607:
1595:
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1547:
1520:
1508:. Queen's Printer for Australia
1494:
1476:
1450:
1420:
1394:
1298:Jennings, George Henry (1881).
910:chamber in the presence of the
545:, interrupted Governor General
472:administrator of the Government
344:
329:in 1410; in 1453 and 1467, the
2930:Manager of Opposition Business
2877:Manager of Opposition Business
2867:Manager of Government Business
2735:Canadian Secretary to the King
2719:Canadian Coronation Contingent
2440:Lieutenant governors in Canada
1717:"39th Parliament, 2nd Session"
1668:, Queen's Printer, p. 3,
1527:Senate of Canada (June 2015),
1261:
1239:
1158:
1132:
984:president of the United States
870:Riksdagens högtidliga öppnande
720:
680:making such an address to the
186:
44:Royal address (disambiguation)
13:
1:
3529:Father or Mother of the House
2740:History of monarchy in Canada
1530:Senate Procedure and Practice
1268:Bright, James Franck (1885).
1195:"What is the Queen's Speech?"
1125:
485:reads the speech, though the
235:(Opening Speech), called the
221:lieutenant governor of Quebec
3688:Parliament House, Wellington
3075:47th Parliament of Australia
3070:46th Parliament of Australia
3065:45th Parliament of Australia
1502:National Museum of Australia
992:president of the Philippines
965:
587:; neither proceeds past the
349:Today, within the tenets of
7:
3222:Parliament House, Melbourne
3106:Matter of public importance
2965:Represented multiple states
1986:"Route of the Golden Coach"
1862:"Morocco 2011 Constitution"
1840:. Read Books. p. 361.
1567:National Assembly of Quebec
1098:
996:State of the Nation Address
956:Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall
941:
668:
543:page in the Canadian Senate
400:State Opening of Parliament
144:State of the Nation Address
40:Royal address to the nation
32:State Opening of Parliament
10:
3801:
3775:Speeches by heads of state
3457:Shadow Leader of the House
3232:Parliament House, Canberra
3179:House of Representatives:
2428:Governor General of Canada
988:State of the State address
687:
593:House of Commons of Canada
458:in 1954 and 1974, and the
273:
29:
3723:
3671:
3622:Mixed-member proportional
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2727:
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2623:
2580:
2567:Territorial Commissioners
2418:
2370:
2300:
2200:
2063:"Opening of the Storting"
1659:"Parliamentary Elections"
1631:. CTV News. 3 June 2011.
1171:houseofrepresentatives.nl
1070:in the White Hall of the
895:'s death, his successor,
835:
765:
746:The monarch travels from
595:, the bill considered is
452:Parliament of New Zealand
199:, or, less formally, the
94:constitutional monarchies
75:, is an event in certain
3699:(current executive wing)
3447:Leader of the Opposition
3335:House of Representatives
3186:Two-party-preferred vote
3175:Single transferable vote
2925:Leader of the Opposition
2872:Leader of the Opposition
2862:Leader of the Government
2818:House of Representatives
1655:House of Commons Library
1555:"Allocution d'ouverture"
1346:"Speech From the Throne"
1140:"The King's Speech 2023"
822:
633:
573:British House of Commons
339:keeper of the Privy Seal
315:archbishop of Canterbury
256:'s governorship. In the
3655:Supplementary elections
2852:President of the Senate
2787:Parliament of Australia
2665:Ceremonial and symbolic
1583:. BBC. 5 September 2009
1413:Encyclopædia Britannica
1304:. D. Appleton. p.
1249:. Sky News. 27 May 2015
1165:admin (21 April 2011).
1120:Royal Christmas Message
884:as he gave his speech.
829:Second Spanish Republic
796:chamber of the Storting
692:In accordance with the
527:House of Lords Act 1999
456:Parliament of Australia
351:constitutional monarchy
148:parliamentary republics
36:Royal Christmas Message
3679:General Assembly House
3554:Speech from the throne
3417:Chairman of Committees
3383:Chairman of Committees
3091:Speech from the throne
2207:Speech from the Throne
1372:House of Lords Library
1344:Government of Canada.
1219:Woods, Henrik (2011),
1197:. BBC. 3 December 2008
1021:Alexander II of Russia
935:
869:
858:constitution of Sweden
853:
783:
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682:Parliament of Malaysia
650:
511:Allocution d'ouverture
510:
439:
395:
209:Speech from the Throne
183:
174:at the opening of the
69:speech from the throne
64:
3742:Parliamentary Debates
3704:Parliamentary Library
3181:Instant-runoff voting
2960:Served in both houses
2067:Norwegian Royal Court
2037:"Origins and history"
1602:Senate of Canada 2015
1569:: 15–16. 21 May 2014.
1428:Library of Parliament
982:address given by the
843:
773:
728:
678:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
641:
429:
404:Palace of Westminster
377:
284:opening of parliament
176:Parliament of England
169:
63:in the United Kingdom
54:
3663:Caretaker government
3311:(represented by the
3227:Old Parliament House
3201:Caretaker government
2804:(represented by the
776:Haakon VII of Norway
585:Select Vestries Bill
564:motion of confidence
460:Parliament of Canada
421:Counsellors of State
392:Parliament of Canada
359:bicameral parliament
327:bishop of Winchester
233:Discours d'ouverture
211:(often shortened to
156:separation of powers
152:presidential systems
3780:Canadian traditions
3630:First-past-the-post
3482:Legislative Council
3430:Leader of the House
3368:Legislative Council
3327:Legislative Council
3319:Legislative Council
2920:Leader of the House
1917:Morocco On The Move
1617:. 24 November 1998.
1374:(9 November 2007).
1074:, 1888. Painted by
1006:Historical speeches
1000:State of the Nation
936:Regeringsförklaring
889:crowns and coronets
815:first verse of the
519:Scottish parliament
495:lieutenant governor
335:bishop of Rochester
280:Commonwealth realms
239:from 1974 to 1984.
219:). Since 1973, the
162:Commonwealth realms
18:Queen's Speech
3169:Double dissolution
2636:Crown corporations
2595:King-in-Parliament
2294:Monarchy in Canada
2099:. 2 September 2016
1866:Constitute Project
1657:(September 2008),
1559:Journal des débats
1352:on 19 October 2013
1115:National Day Rally
1044:Pedro II of Brazil
980:State of the Union
854:
784:
735:
651:
491:Canadian provinces
487:Australian monarch
440:
415:) who, along with
396:
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140:State of the Union
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3757:
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3564:Readings of bills
3542:
3541:
3534:Baby of the House
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3111:Readings of bills
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2714:Thrones of Canada
2656:Royal commissions
2600:King-on-the-Bench
2258:They Work For You
2043:. 6 February 2015
2041:Dutch Royal House
2017:. 6 February 2015
2015:Dutch Royal House
1990:Dutch Royal House
1966:. 6 February 2015
1964:Dutch Royal House
1847:978-1-4067-4539-9
1464:. Queen's Printer
1407:"Black Rod"
1146:. 7 November 2023
990:. Similarly, the
960:National Assembly
850:Sweden and Norway
748:Noordeinde Palace
553:, to be stopped.
479:Australian states
419:, were acting as
337:in 1472; and the
331:bishop of Lincoln
321:who was then the
292:absolute monarchy
237:Message inaugural
231:reads his or her
217:Discours du TrĂ´ne
16:(Redirected from
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1023:reconvening the
1016:
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448:governor-general
382:(L, seated with
262:governor-general
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2011:"Joint session"
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1025:Diet of Finland
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968:
962:in their work.
958:, advising the
944:
904:Carl XVI Gustaf
838:
825:
817:national anthem
768:
723:
690:
671:
643:Emperor Akihito
636:
631:
629:Other countries
609:oaths of office
577:Outlawries Bill
559:
539:Brigette DePape
493:, the relevant
481:, the relevant
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319:lord chancellor
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3096:Joint meetings
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2196:External links
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1493:
1490:. 10 May 2022.
1475:
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1404:, ed. (1911).
1402:Chisholm, Hugh
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663:Prime Minister
653:In Japan, the
645:convoking the
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581:House of Lords
569:King Charles I
558:
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551:Stephen Harper
547:David Johnston
417:Prince William
346:
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264:delivered the
249:Policy Address
227:, after which
215:) (in French:
205:Queen's Speech
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2836:Parliamentary
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2682:Royal symbols
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2672:Chapels Royal
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2068:
2064:
2058:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2016:
2012:
2006:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1965:
1961:
1960:"Prinsjesdag"
1955:
1939:
1933:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1867:
1863:
1857:
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1397:
1382:on 2 May 2009
1381:
1377:
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1347:
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1331:, p. 430
1330:
1329:Jennings 1881
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1072:Berlin Palace
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882:Silver Throne
879:
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871:
867:
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859:
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659:National Diet
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647:National Diet
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606:
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381:
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363:upper chamber
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201:King's Speech
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137:
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132:head of state
129:
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70:
62:
58:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3749:Waka-jumping
3741:
3683:(demolished)
3681:, Auckland
3650:Appointments
3645:By-elections
3633:(previously)
3584:Royal assent
3553:
3196:By-elections
3130:Committees:
3121:Royal assent
3090:
2975:Independents
2697:2000–present
2605:King's peace
2405:Elizabeth II
2181:. Retrieved
2170:
2158:. Retrieved
2153:
2144:
2132:. Retrieved
2127:
2101:. Retrieved
2096:
2070:. Retrieved
2066:
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2040:
2031:
2019:. Retrieved
2014:
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1989:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1963:
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1916:
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1881:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:
1856:
1836:
1829:
1817:. Retrieved
1812:
1808:
1799:
1787:. Retrieved
1782:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1753:
1749:
1725:. Retrieved
1720:
1696:
1685:, retrieved
1678:the original
1666:Factsheet M7
1665:
1649:
1637:. Retrieved
1623:
1609:
1604:, p. 43
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1575:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1538:, retrieved
1529:
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1496:
1487:
1478:
1468:13 September
1466:. Retrieved
1452:
1442:19 September
1440:. Retrieved
1435:
1422:
1411:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1380:the original
1366:
1356:20 September
1354:. Retrieved
1350:the original
1311:30 September
1309:. Retrieved
1300:
1276:. Retrieved
1270:
1263:
1253:20 September
1251:. Retrieved
1241:
1232:30 September
1230:, retrieved
1221:
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1174:. Retrieved
1170:
1160:
1148:. Retrieved
1143:
1134:
1066:opening the
999:
969:
945:
901:
886:
878:Royal Palace
855:
826:
813:
802:
800:
788:constitution
785:
745:
738:
736:
694:constitution
691:
672:
652:
622:
616:
579:, while the
560:
535:Conservative
531:Labour Party
523:
515:
476:
464:royal family
441:
430:In the 2020
409:Elizabeth II
397:
380:Elizabeth II
371:
348:
345:Modern times
311:Common Pleas
308:
277:
265:
254:Chris Patten
247:
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117:Prince's Day
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3712:Bowen House
3640:Electorates
3330:(1853–1950)
3322:(1841–1853)
3191:Electorates
3052:Parliaments
2687:Royal tours
2410:Charles III
2395:Edward VIII
1703:, p. 6
1687:19 November
1587:19 November
1540:15 November
804:Kongesangen
740:Prinsjesdag
721:Netherlands
715:Green March
468:Edward VIII
413:Charles III
298:(in 1365),
288:Middle Ages
229:the premier
187:Terminology
113:Netherlands
81:legislature
57:Charles III
3764:Categories
3574:Committees
3302:Components
3003:Appointees
2794:Components
2385:Edward VII
2183:3 December
2128:Stortinget
2097:Stortinget
1819:2 December
1789:2 December
1760:2 December
1727:2 December
1701:Woods 2011
1512:2 December
1386:2 December
1278:2 November
1176:10 January
1150:6 December
1126:References
1064:Wilhelm II
994:gives the
928:government
707:Throne Day
702:parliament
700:addresses
583:reads the
388:the throne
367:unicameral
323:prolocutor
300:Richard II
296:Edward III
225:Allocution
172:Henry VIII
134:, often a
77:monarchies
3744:(Hansard)
3715:(current)
3707:(current)
3691:(current)
3672:Locations
3658:(defunct)
3625:(current)
3594:Elections
3547:Procedure
3524:30+ years
3435:Ministers
3420:(defunct)
3394:(defunct)
3386:(defunct)
3378:(defunct)
3215:Locations
3146:Elections
3084:Procedure
2692:1786–1999
2400:George VI
2302:The Crown
2175:Riksdag.
1674:0144-4689
1201:14 August
1068:Reichstag
976:president
972:republics
966:Republics
752:Binnenhof
623:pro forma
618:pro forma
591:. In the
525:proposed
304:Edward IV
244:Hong Kong
136:president
128:republics
3770:Monarchy
3602:Previous
3517:previous
3503:House of
3403:House of
3361:officers
3241:See also
3173:Senate:
3031:previous
3017:House of
2996:previous
2896:House of
2838:officers
2420:Viceroys
2390:George V
2380:Victoria
2372:Monarchs
2250:– GOV.UK
2244:– GOV.UK
2238:– GOV.UK
2232:– GOV.UK
2226:– GOV.UK
1633:Archived
1488:BBC News
1099:See also
1089:Emperor
1042:Emperor
1019:Emperor
948:Thailand
942:Thailand
930:agenda (
897:Gustav V
893:Oscar II
891:. After
846:Oscar II
792:Storting
780:Storting
713:and the
674:Malaysia
669:Malaysia
613:railways
605:Bill S-1
603:, it is
597:Bill C-1
483:governor
432:Barbados
386:, R) on
3696:Beehive
3512:Current
3475:Members
3309:Monarch
3026:Current
2991:Current
2953:Members
2728:Related
2103:23 June
2072:23 June
2021:23 June
1995:23 June
1970:23 June
1944:30 July
1922:30 July
1896:30 July
1871:30 July
1809:Hansard
1783:Hansard
1750:Hansard
1721:Hansard
952:monarch
932:Swedish
920:Speaker
912:monarch
908:Riksdag
876:at the
866:Swedish
862:Riksdag
809:Nynorsk
782:in 1950
758:of the
709:), the
688:Morocco
655:emperor
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444:viceroy
390:of the
355:cabinet
278:In the
274:History
252:during
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85:session
83:when a
3132:Senate
2984:Senate
2845:Senate
2813:Senate
2201:Canada
2160:7 July
2134:7 July
2047:4 July
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1672:
1639:5 June
1144:GOV.UK
1050:, 1872
950:, the
836:Sweden
766:Norway
696:, the
649:(2011)
601:Senate
507:French
503:Quebec
446:, the
378:Queen
333:; the
302:, and
260:, the
195:, the
182:, 1523
121:Norway
119:; and
3462:Whips
3425:Clerk
3038:Women
3008:Women
2935:Whips
2910:Clerk
2882:Whips
2857:Clerk
2624:Legal
1779:(PDF)
1681:(PDF)
1662:(PDF)
1565:(2).
1534:(PDF)
1226:(PDF)
970:Many
844:King
823:Spain
774:King
729:King
634:Japan
170:King
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126:Many
115:, on
71:, or
55:King
3612:List
3607:Next
3164:List
3159:Next
3154:Last
2939:list
2886:list
2801:King
2558:List
2546:List
2534:List
2522:List
2510:List
2498:List
2486:List
2474:List
2462:List
2450:List
2433:List
2185:2009
2162:2017
2136:2017
2105:2017
2074:2017
2049:2017
2023:2017
1997:2017
1972:2017
1946:2024
1924:2024
1898:2024
1873:2024
1842:ISBN
1821:2009
1791:2009
1762:2009
1729:2009
1689:2009
1670:ISSN
1641:2011
1589:2009
1542:2015
1514:2009
1470:2010
1444:2015
1388:2009
1358:2015
1313:2015
1280:2015
1255:2015
1234:2015
1203:2008
1178:2023
1152:2023
1029:1863
698:king
541:, a
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1027:in
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